{
    "file_diffs": [
        {
            "old_file_content": "import contextlib\nimport warnings\n\nfrom pyramid.compat import urlparse\nfrom pyramid.interfaces import (\n    IRequest,\n    IRouteRequest,\n    IRoutesMapper,\n    PHASE2_CONFIG,\n    )\n\nfrom pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\nfrom pyramid.request import route_request_iface\nfrom pyramid.urldispatch import RoutesMapper\n\nfrom pyramid.util import (\n    as_sorted_tuple,\n    is_nonstr_iter,\n)\n\nimport pyramid.predicates\n\nfrom pyramid.config.util import (\n    action_method,\n    predvalseq,\n)\n\nclass RoutesConfiguratorMixin(object):\n    @action_method\n    def add_route(self,\n                  name,\n                  pattern=None,\n                  factory=None,\n                  for_=None,\n                  header=None,\n                  xhr=None,\n                  accept=None,\n                  path_info=None,\n                  request_method=None,\n                  request_param=None,\n                  traverse=None,\n                  custom_predicates=(),\n                  use_global_views=False,\n                  path=None,\n                  pregenerator=None,\n                  static=False,\n                  **predicates):\n        \"\"\" Add a :term:`route configuration` to the current\n        configuration state, as well as possibly a :term:`view\n        configuration` to be used to specify a :term:`view callable`\n        that will be invoked when this route matches.  The arguments\n        to this method are divided into *predicate*, *non-predicate*,\n        and *view-related* types.  :term:`Route predicate` arguments\n        narrow the circumstances in which a route will be match a\n        request; non-predicate arguments are informational.\n\n        Non-Predicate Arguments\n\n        name\n\n          The name of the route, e.g. ``myroute``.  This attribute is\n          required.  It must be unique among all defined routes in a given\n          application.\n\n        factory\n\n          A Python object (often a function or a class) or a :term:`dotted\n          Python name` which refers to the same object that will generate a\n          :app:`Pyramid` root resource object when this route matches. For\n          example, ``mypackage.resources.MyFactory``.  If this argument is\n          not specified, a default root factory will be used.  See\n          :ref:`the_resource_tree` for more information about root factories.\n\n        traverse\n\n          If you would like to cause the :term:`context` to be\n          something other than the :term:`root` object when this route\n          matches, you can spell a traversal pattern as the\n          ``traverse`` argument.  This traversal pattern will be used\n          as the traversal path: traversal will begin at the root\n          object implied by this route (either the global root, or the\n          object returned by the ``factory`` associated with this\n          route).\n\n          The syntax of the ``traverse`` argument is the same as it is\n          for ``pattern``. For example, if the ``pattern`` provided to\n          ``add_route`` is ``articles/{article}/edit``, and the\n          ``traverse`` argument provided to ``add_route`` is\n          ``/{article}``, when a request comes in that causes the route\n          to match in such a way that the ``article`` match value is\n          ``'1'`` (when the request URI is ``/articles/1/edit``), the\n          traversal path will be generated as ``/1``.  This means that\n          the root object's ``__getitem__`` will be called with the\n          name ``'1'`` during the traversal phase.  If the ``'1'`` object\n          exists, it will become the :term:`context` of the request.\n          :ref:`traversal_chapter` has more information about\n          traversal.\n\n          If the traversal path contains segment marker names which\n          are not present in the ``pattern`` argument, a runtime error\n          will occur.  The ``traverse`` pattern should not contain\n          segment markers that do not exist in the ``pattern``\n          argument.\n\n          A similar combining of routing and traversal is available\n          when a route is matched which contains a ``*traverse``\n          remainder marker in its pattern (see\n          :ref:`using_traverse_in_a_route_pattern`).  The ``traverse``\n          argument to add_route allows you to associate route patterns\n          with an arbitrary traversal path without using a\n          ``*traverse`` remainder marker; instead you can use other\n          match information.\n\n          Note that the ``traverse`` argument to ``add_route`` is\n          ignored when attached to a route that has a ``*traverse``\n          remainder marker in its pattern.\n\n        pregenerator\n\n           This option should be a callable object that implements the\n           :class:`pyramid.interfaces.IRoutePregenerator` interface.  A\n           :term:`pregenerator` is a callable called by the\n           :meth:`pyramid.request.Request.route_url` function to augment or\n           replace the arguments it is passed when generating a URL for the\n           route.  This is a feature not often used directly by applications,\n           it is meant to be hooked by frameworks that use :app:`Pyramid` as\n           a base.\n\n        use_global_views\n\n          When a request matches this route, and view lookup cannot\n          find a view which has a ``route_name`` predicate argument\n          that matches the route, try to fall back to using a view\n          that otherwise matches the context, request, and view name\n          (but which does not match the route_name predicate).\n\n        static\n\n          If ``static`` is ``True``, this route will never match an incoming\n          request; it will only be useful for URL generation.  By default,\n          ``static`` is ``False``.  See :ref:`static_route_narr`.\n\n          .. versionadded:: 1.1\n\n        Predicate Arguments\n\n        pattern\n\n          The pattern of the route e.g. ``ideas/{idea}``.  This\n          argument is required.  See :ref:`route_pattern_syntax`\n          for information about the syntax of route patterns.  If the\n          pattern doesn't match the current URL, route matching\n          continues.\n\n          .. note::\n\n             For backwards compatibility purposes (as of :app:`Pyramid` 1.0), a\n             ``path`` keyword argument passed to this function will be used to\n             represent the pattern value if the ``pattern`` argument is\n             ``None``.  If both ``path`` and ``pattern`` are passed, ``pattern``\n             wins.\n\n        xhr\n\n          This value should be either ``True`` or ``False``.  If this\n          value is specified and is ``True``, the :term:`request` must\n          possess an ``HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH`` (aka\n          ``X-Requested-With``) header for this route to match.  This\n          is useful for detecting AJAX requests issued from jQuery,\n          Prototype and other Javascript libraries.  If this predicate\n          returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n        request_method\n\n          A string representing an HTTP method name, e.g. ``GET``, ``POST``,\n          ``HEAD``, ``DELETE``, ``PUT`` or a tuple of elements containing\n          HTTP method names.  If this argument is not specified, this route\n          will match if the request has *any* request method.  If this\n          predicate returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n          .. versionchanged:: 1.2\n             The ability to pass a tuple of items as ``request_method``.\n             Previous versions allowed only a string.\n\n        path_info\n\n          This value represents a regular expression pattern that will\n          be tested against the ``PATH_INFO`` WSGI environment\n          variable.  If the regex matches, this predicate will return\n          ``True``.  If this predicate returns ``False``, route\n          matching continues.\n\n        request_param\n\n          This value can be any string or an iterable of strings.  A view\n          declaration with this argument ensures that the associated route will\n          only match when the request has a key in the ``request.params``\n          dictionary (an HTTP ``GET`` or ``POST`` variable) that has a\n          name which matches the supplied value.  If the value\n          supplied as the argument has a ``=`` sign in it,\n          e.g. ``request_param=\"foo=123\"``, then the key\n          (``foo``) must both exist in the ``request.params`` dictionary, and\n          the value must match the right hand side of the expression (``123``)\n          for the route to \"match\" the current request.  If this predicate\n          returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n        header\n\n          This argument represents an HTTP header name or a header\n          name/value pair.  If the argument contains a ``:`` (colon),\n          it will be considered a name/value pair\n          (e.g. ``User-Agent:Mozilla/.*`` or ``Host:localhost``).  If\n          the value contains a colon, the value portion should be a\n          regular expression.  If the value does not contain a colon,\n          the entire value will be considered to be the header name\n          (e.g. ``If-Modified-Since``).  If the value evaluates to a\n          header name only without a value, the header specified by\n          the name must be present in the request for this predicate\n          to be true.  If the value evaluates to a header name/value\n          pair, the header specified by the name must be present in\n          the request *and* the regular expression specified as the\n          value must match the header value.  Whether or not the value\n          represents a header name or a header name/value pair, the\n          case of the header name is not significant.  If this\n          predicate returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n        accept\n\n          A :term:`media type` that will be matched against the ``Accept``\n          HTTP request header.  This value may be a specific media type such\n          as ``text/html``, or a range like ``text/*``, or a list of the same.\n          If the media type is acceptable by the ``Accept`` header of the\n          request, or if the ``Accept`` header isn't set at all in the\n          request, this predicate will match. If this does not match the\n          ``Accept`` header of the request, route matching continues.\n\n          If ``accept`` is not specified, the ``HTTP_ACCEPT`` HTTP header is\n          not taken into consideration when deciding whether or not to select\n          the route.\n\n        effective_principals\n\n          If specified, this value should be a :term:`principal` identifier or\n          a sequence of principal identifiers.  If the\n          :attr:`pyramid.request.Request.effective_principals` property\n          indicates that every principal named in the argument list is present\n          in the current request, this predicate will return True; otherwise it\n          will return False.  For example:\n          ``effective_principals=pyramid.security.Authenticated`` or\n          ``effective_principals=('fred', 'group:admins')``.\n\n          .. versionadded:: 1.4a4\n\n        custom_predicates\n\n          .. deprecated:: 1.5\n              This value should be a sequence of references to custom\n              predicate callables.  Use custom predicates when no set of\n              predefined predicates does what you need.  Custom predicates\n              can be combined with predefined predicates as necessary.\n              Each custom predicate callable should accept two arguments:\n              ``info`` and ``request`` and should return either ``True``\n              or ``False`` after doing arbitrary evaluation of the info\n              and/or the request.  If all custom and non-custom predicate\n              callables return ``True`` the associated route will be\n              considered viable for a given request.  If any predicate\n              callable returns ``False``, route matching continues.  Note\n              that the value ``info`` passed to a custom route predicate\n              is a dictionary containing matching information; see\n              :ref:`custom_route_predicates` for more information about\n              ``info``.\n\n        predicates\n\n          Pass a key/value pair here to use a third-party predicate\n          registered via\n          :meth:`pyramid.config.Configurator.add_route_predicate`.  More than\n          one key/value pair can be used at the same time.  See\n          :ref:`view_and_route_predicates` for more information about\n          third-party predicates.\n\n          .. versionadded:: 1.4\n\n        \"\"\"\n        if custom_predicates:\n            warnings.warn(\n                ('The \"custom_predicates\" argument to Configurator.add_route '\n                 'is deprecated as of Pyramid 1.5.  Use '\n                 '\"config.add_route_predicate\" and use the registered '\n                 'route predicate as a predicate argument to add_route '\n                 'instead. See \"Adding A Third Party View, Route, or '\n                 'Subscriber Predicate\" in the \"Hooks\" chapter of the '\n                 'documentation for more information.'),\n                DeprecationWarning,\n                stacklevel=3\n                )\n\n        if accept is not None:\n            if is_nonstr_iter(accept):\n                accept = [accept]\n\n            accept = [accept_option.lower() for accept_option in accept]\n\n        # these are route predicates; if they do not match, the next route\n        # in the routelist will be tried\n        if request_method is not None:\n            request_method = as_sorted_tuple(request_method)\n\n        factory = self.maybe_dotted(factory)\n        if pattern is None:\n            pattern = path\n        if pattern is None:\n            raise ConfigurationError('\"pattern\" argument may not be None')\n\n        # check for an external route; an external route is one which is\n        # is a full url (e.g. 'http://example.com/{id}')\n        parsed = urlparse.urlparse(pattern)\n        external_url = pattern\n\n        if parsed.hostname:\n            pattern = parsed.path\n\n            original_pregenerator = pregenerator\n            def external_url_pregenerator(request, elements, kw):\n                if '_app_url' in kw:\n                    raise ValueError(\n                        'You cannot generate a path to an external route '\n                        'pattern via request.route_path nor pass an _app_url '\n                        'to request.route_url when generating a URL for an '\n                        'external route pattern (pattern was \"%s\") ' %\n                        (pattern,)\n                        )\n                if '_scheme' in kw:\n                    scheme = kw['_scheme']\n                elif parsed.scheme:\n                    scheme = parsed.scheme\n                else:\n                    scheme = request.scheme\n                kw['_app_url'] = '{0}://{1}'.format(scheme, parsed.netloc)\n\n                if original_pregenerator:\n                    elements, kw = original_pregenerator(\n                        request, elements, kw)\n                return elements, kw\n\n            pregenerator = external_url_pregenerator\n            static = True\n\n        elif self.route_prefix:\n            pattern = self.route_prefix.rstrip('/') + '/' + pattern.lstrip('/')\n\n        mapper = self.get_routes_mapper()\n\n        introspectables = []\n\n        intr = self.introspectable('routes',\n                                   name,\n                                   '%s (pattern: %r)' % (name, pattern),\n                                   'route')\n        intr['name'] = name\n        intr['pattern'] = pattern\n        intr['factory'] = factory\n        intr['xhr'] = xhr\n        intr['request_methods'] = request_method\n        intr['path_info'] = path_info\n        intr['request_param'] = request_param\n        intr['header'] = header\n        intr['accept'] = accept\n        intr['traverse'] = traverse\n        intr['custom_predicates'] = custom_predicates\n        intr['pregenerator'] = pregenerator\n        intr['static'] = static\n        intr['use_global_views'] = use_global_views\n\n        if static is True:\n            intr['external_url'] = external_url\n\n        introspectables.append(intr)\n\n        if factory:\n            factory_intr = self.introspectable('root factories',\n                                               name,\n                                               self.object_description(factory),\n                                               'root factory')\n            factory_intr['factory'] = factory\n            factory_intr['route_name'] = name\n            factory_intr.relate('routes', name)\n            introspectables.append(factory_intr)\n\n        def register_route_request_iface():\n            request_iface = self.registry.queryUtility(IRouteRequest, name=name)\n            if request_iface is None:\n                if use_global_views:\n                    bases = (IRequest,)\n                else:\n                    bases = ()\n                request_iface = route_request_iface(name, bases)\n                self.registry.registerUtility(\n                    request_iface, IRouteRequest, name=name)\n\n        def register_connect():\n            pvals = predicates.copy()\n            pvals.update(\n                dict(\n                    xhr=xhr,\n                    request_method=request_method,\n                    path_info=path_info,\n                    request_param=request_param,\n                    header=header,\n                    accept=accept,\n                    traverse=traverse,\n                    custom=predvalseq(custom_predicates),\n                    )\n                )\n\n            predlist = self.get_predlist('route')\n            _, preds, _ = predlist.make(self, **pvals)\n            route = mapper.connect(\n                name, pattern, factory, predicates=preds,\n                pregenerator=pregenerator, static=static\n                )\n            intr['object'] = route\n            return route\n\n        # We have to connect routes in the order they were provided;\n        # we can't use a phase to do that, because when the actions are\n        # sorted, actions in the same phase lose relative ordering\n        self.action(('route-connect', name), register_connect)\n\n        # But IRouteRequest interfaces must be registered before we begin to\n        # process view registrations (in phase 3)\n        self.action(('route', name), register_route_request_iface,\n                    order=PHASE2_CONFIG, introspectables=introspectables)\n\n    @action_method\n    def add_route_predicate(self, name, factory, weighs_more_than=None,\n                            weighs_less_than=None):\n        \"\"\" Adds a route predicate factory.  The view predicate can later be\n        named as a keyword argument to\n        :meth:`pyramid.config.Configurator.add_route`.\n\n        ``name`` should be the name of the predicate.  It must be a valid\n        Python identifier (it will be used as a keyword argument to\n        ``add_route``).\n\n        ``factory`` should be a :term:`predicate factory` or :term:`dotted\n        Python name` which refers to a predicate factory.\n\n        See :ref:`view_and_route_predicates` for more information.\n\n        .. versionadded:: 1.4\n        \"\"\"\n        self._add_predicate(\n            'route',\n            name,\n            factory,\n            weighs_more_than=weighs_more_than,\n            weighs_less_than=weighs_less_than\n            )\n\n    def add_default_route_predicates(self):\n        p = pyramid.predicates\n        for (name, factory) in (\n            ('xhr', p.XHRPredicate),\n            ('request_method', p.RequestMethodPredicate),\n            ('path_info', p.PathInfoPredicate),\n            ('request_param', p.RequestParamPredicate),\n            ('header', p.HeaderPredicate),\n            ('accept', p.AcceptPredicate),\n            ('effective_principals', p.EffectivePrincipalsPredicate),\n            ('custom', p.CustomPredicate),\n            ('traverse', p.TraversePredicate),\n            ):\n            self.add_route_predicate(name, factory)\n\n    def get_routes_mapper(self):\n        \"\"\" Return the :term:`routes mapper` object associated with\n        this configurator's :term:`registry`.\"\"\"\n        mapper = self.registry.queryUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        if mapper is None:\n            mapper = RoutesMapper()\n            self.registry.registerUtility(mapper, IRoutesMapper)\n        return mapper\n\n    @contextlib.contextmanager\n    def route_prefix_context(self, route_prefix):\n        \"\"\" Return this configurator with the\n        :attr:`pyramid.config.Configurator.route_prefix` attribute mutated to\n        include the new ``route_prefix``.\n\n        When the context exits, the ``route_prefix`` is reset to the original.\n\n        Example Usage:\n\n        >>> config = Configurator()\n        >>> with config.route_prefix_context('foo'):\n        ...     config.add_route('bar', '/bar')\n\n        Arguments\n\n        route_prefix\n\n          A string suitable to be used as a route prefix, or ``None``.\n\n        .. versionadded:: 1.10\n        \"\"\"\n\n        original_route_prefix = self.route_prefix\n\n        if route_prefix is None:\n            route_prefix = ''\n\n        old_route_prefix = self.route_prefix\n        if old_route_prefix is None:\n            old_route_prefix = ''\n\n        route_prefix = '{}/{}'.format(\n            old_route_prefix.rstrip('/'),\n            route_prefix.lstrip('/'),\n        )\n\n        route_prefix = route_prefix.strip('/')\n\n        if not route_prefix:\n            route_prefix = None\n\n        self.begin()\n        try:\n            self.route_prefix = route_prefix\n            yield\n\n        finally:\n            self.route_prefix = original_route_prefix\n            self.end()\n",
            "new_file_content": "import contextlib\nimport warnings\n\nfrom pyramid.compat import urlparse\nfrom pyramid.interfaces import (\n    IRequest,\n    IRouteRequest,\n    IRoutesMapper,\n    PHASE2_CONFIG,\n    )\n\nfrom pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\nfrom pyramid.request import route_request_iface\nfrom pyramid.urldispatch import RoutesMapper\n\nfrom pyramid.util import (\n    as_sorted_tuple,\n    is_nonstr_iter,\n)\n\nimport pyramid.predicates\n\nfrom pyramid.config.util import (\n    action_method,\n    predvalseq,\n)\n\nclass RoutesConfiguratorMixin(object):\n    @action_method\n    def add_route(self,\n                  name,\n                  pattern=None,\n                  factory=None,\n                  for_=None,\n                  header=None,\n                  xhr=None,\n                  accept=None,\n                  path_info=None,\n                  request_method=None,\n                  request_param=None,\n                  traverse=None,\n                  custom_predicates=(),\n                  use_global_views=False,\n                  path=None,\n                  pregenerator=None,\n                  static=False,\n                  **predicates):\n        \"\"\" Add a :term:`route configuration` to the current\n        configuration state, as well as possibly a :term:`view\n        configuration` to be used to specify a :term:`view callable`\n        that will be invoked when this route matches.  The arguments\n        to this method are divided into *predicate*, *non-predicate*,\n        and *view-related* types.  :term:`Route predicate` arguments\n        narrow the circumstances in which a route will be match a\n        request; non-predicate arguments are informational.\n\n        Non-Predicate Arguments\n\n        name\n\n          The name of the route, e.g. ``myroute``.  This attribute is\n          required.  It must be unique among all defined routes in a given\n          application.\n\n        factory\n\n          A Python object (often a function or a class) or a :term:`dotted\n          Python name` which refers to the same object that will generate a\n          :app:`Pyramid` root resource object when this route matches. For\n          example, ``mypackage.resources.MyFactory``.  If this argument is\n          not specified, a default root factory will be used.  See\n          :ref:`the_resource_tree` for more information about root factories.\n\n        traverse\n\n          If you would like to cause the :term:`context` to be\n          something other than the :term:`root` object when this route\n          matches, you can spell a traversal pattern as the\n          ``traverse`` argument.  This traversal pattern will be used\n          as the traversal path: traversal will begin at the root\n          object implied by this route (either the global root, or the\n          object returned by the ``factory`` associated with this\n          route).\n\n          The syntax of the ``traverse`` argument is the same as it is\n          for ``pattern``. For example, if the ``pattern`` provided to\n          ``add_route`` is ``articles/{article}/edit``, and the\n          ``traverse`` argument provided to ``add_route`` is\n          ``/{article}``, when a request comes in that causes the route\n          to match in such a way that the ``article`` match value is\n          ``'1'`` (when the request URI is ``/articles/1/edit``), the\n          traversal path will be generated as ``/1``.  This means that\n          the root object's ``__getitem__`` will be called with the\n          name ``'1'`` during the traversal phase.  If the ``'1'`` object\n          exists, it will become the :term:`context` of the request.\n          :ref:`traversal_chapter` has more information about\n          traversal.\n\n          If the traversal path contains segment marker names which\n          are not present in the ``pattern`` argument, a runtime error\n          will occur.  The ``traverse`` pattern should not contain\n          segment markers that do not exist in the ``pattern``\n          argument.\n\n          A similar combining of routing and traversal is available\n          when a route is matched which contains a ``*traverse``\n          remainder marker in its pattern (see\n          :ref:`using_traverse_in_a_route_pattern`).  The ``traverse``\n          argument to add_route allows you to associate route patterns\n          with an arbitrary traversal path without using a\n          ``*traverse`` remainder marker; instead you can use other\n          match information.\n\n          Note that the ``traverse`` argument to ``add_route`` is\n          ignored when attached to a route that has a ``*traverse``\n          remainder marker in its pattern.\n\n        pregenerator\n\n           This option should be a callable object that implements the\n           :class:`pyramid.interfaces.IRoutePregenerator` interface.  A\n           :term:`pregenerator` is a callable called by the\n           :meth:`pyramid.request.Request.route_url` function to augment or\n           replace the arguments it is passed when generating a URL for the\n           route.  This is a feature not often used directly by applications,\n           it is meant to be hooked by frameworks that use :app:`Pyramid` as\n           a base.\n\n        use_global_views\n\n          When a request matches this route, and view lookup cannot\n          find a view which has a ``route_name`` predicate argument\n          that matches the route, try to fall back to using a view\n          that otherwise matches the context, request, and view name\n          (but which does not match the route_name predicate).\n\n        static\n\n          If ``static`` is ``True``, this route will never match an incoming\n          request; it will only be useful for URL generation.  By default,\n          ``static`` is ``False``.  See :ref:`static_route_narr`.\n\n          .. versionadded:: 1.1\n\n        Predicate Arguments\n\n        pattern\n\n          The pattern of the route e.g. ``ideas/{idea}``.  This\n          argument is required.  See :ref:`route_pattern_syntax`\n          for information about the syntax of route patterns.  If the\n          pattern doesn't match the current URL, route matching\n          continues.\n\n          .. note::\n\n             For backwards compatibility purposes (as of :app:`Pyramid` 1.0), a\n             ``path`` keyword argument passed to this function will be used to\n             represent the pattern value if the ``pattern`` argument is\n             ``None``.  If both ``path`` and ``pattern`` are passed, ``pattern``\n             wins.\n\n        xhr\n\n          This value should be either ``True`` or ``False``.  If this\n          value is specified and is ``True``, the :term:`request` must\n          possess an ``HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH`` (aka\n          ``X-Requested-With``) header for this route to match.  This\n          is useful for detecting AJAX requests issued from jQuery,\n          Prototype and other Javascript libraries.  If this predicate\n          returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n        request_method\n\n          A string representing an HTTP method name, e.g. ``GET``, ``POST``,\n          ``HEAD``, ``DELETE``, ``PUT`` or a tuple of elements containing\n          HTTP method names.  If this argument is not specified, this route\n          will match if the request has *any* request method.  If this\n          predicate returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n          .. versionchanged:: 1.2\n             The ability to pass a tuple of items as ``request_method``.\n             Previous versions allowed only a string.\n\n        path_info\n\n          This value represents a regular expression pattern that will\n          be tested against the ``PATH_INFO`` WSGI environment\n          variable.  If the regex matches, this predicate will return\n          ``True``.  If this predicate returns ``False``, route\n          matching continues.\n\n        request_param\n\n          This value can be any string or an iterable of strings.  A view\n          declaration with this argument ensures that the associated route will\n          only match when the request has a key in the ``request.params``\n          dictionary (an HTTP ``GET`` or ``POST`` variable) that has a\n          name which matches the supplied value.  If the value\n          supplied as the argument has a ``=`` sign in it,\n          e.g. ``request_param=\"foo=123\"``, then the key\n          (``foo``) must both exist in the ``request.params`` dictionary, and\n          the value must match the right hand side of the expression (``123``)\n          for the route to \"match\" the current request.  If this predicate\n          returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n        header\n\n          This argument represents an HTTP header name or a header\n          name/value pair.  If the argument contains a ``:`` (colon),\n          it will be considered a name/value pair\n          (e.g. ``User-Agent:Mozilla/.*`` or ``Host:localhost``).  If\n          the value contains a colon, the value portion should be a\n          regular expression.  If the value does not contain a colon,\n          the entire value will be considered to be the header name\n          (e.g. ``If-Modified-Since``).  If the value evaluates to a\n          header name only without a value, the header specified by\n          the name must be present in the request for this predicate\n          to be true.  If the value evaluates to a header name/value\n          pair, the header specified by the name must be present in\n          the request *and* the regular expression specified as the\n          value must match the header value.  Whether or not the value\n          represents a header name or a header name/value pair, the\n          case of the header name is not significant.  If this\n          predicate returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n        accept\n\n          A :term:`media type` that will be matched against the ``Accept``\n          HTTP request header.  This value may be a specific media type such\n          as ``text/html``, or a range like ``text/*``, or a list of the same.\n          If the media type is acceptable by the ``Accept`` header of the\n          request, or if the ``Accept`` header isn't set at all in the\n          request, this predicate will match. If this does not match the\n          ``Accept`` header of the request, route matching continues.\n\n          If ``accept`` is not specified, the ``HTTP_ACCEPT`` HTTP header is\n          not taken into consideration when deciding whether or not to select\n          the route.\n\n        effective_principals\n\n          If specified, this value should be a :term:`principal` identifier or\n          a sequence of principal identifiers.  If the\n          :attr:`pyramid.request.Request.effective_principals` property\n          indicates that every principal named in the argument list is present\n          in the current request, this predicate will return True; otherwise it\n          will return False.  For example:\n          ``effective_principals=pyramid.security.Authenticated`` or\n          ``effective_principals=('fred', 'group:admins')``.\n\n          .. versionadded:: 1.4a4\n\n        custom_predicates\n\n          .. deprecated:: 1.5\n              This value should be a sequence of references to custom\n              predicate callables.  Use custom predicates when no set of\n              predefined predicates does what you need.  Custom predicates\n              can be combined with predefined predicates as necessary.\n              Each custom predicate callable should accept two arguments:\n              ``info`` and ``request`` and should return either ``True``\n              or ``False`` after doing arbitrary evaluation of the info\n              and/or the request.  If all custom and non-custom predicate\n              callables return ``True`` the associated route will be\n              considered viable for a given request.  If any predicate\n              callable returns ``False``, route matching continues.  Note\n              that the value ``info`` passed to a custom route predicate\n              is a dictionary containing matching information; see\n              :ref:`custom_route_predicates` for more information about\n              ``info``.\n\n        predicates\n\n          Pass a key/value pair here to use a third-party predicate\n          registered via\n          :meth:`pyramid.config.Configurator.add_route_predicate`.  More than\n          one key/value pair can be used at the same time.  See\n          :ref:`view_and_route_predicates` for more information about\n          third-party predicates.\n\n          .. versionadded:: 1.4\n\n        \"\"\"\n        if custom_predicates:\n            warnings.warn(\n                ('The \"custom_predicates\" argument to Configurator.add_route '\n                 'is deprecated as of Pyramid 1.5.  Use '\n                 '\"config.add_route_predicate\" and use the registered '\n                 'route predicate as a predicate argument to add_route '\n                 'instead. See \"Adding A Third Party View, Route, or '\n                 'Subscriber Predicate\" in the \"Hooks\" chapter of the '\n                 'documentation for more information.'),\n                DeprecationWarning,\n                stacklevel=3\n                )\n\n        if accept is not None:\n            if not is_nonstr_iter(accept):\n                accept = [accept]\n\n            accept = [accept_option.lower() for accept_option in accept]\n\n        # these are route predicates; if they do not match, the next route\n        # in the routelist will be tried\n        if request_method is not None:\n            request_method = as_sorted_tuple(request_method)\n\n        factory = self.maybe_dotted(factory)\n        if pattern is None:\n            pattern = path\n        if pattern is None:\n            raise ConfigurationError('\"pattern\" argument may not be None')\n\n        # check for an external route; an external route is one which is\n        # is a full url (e.g. 'http://example.com/{id}')\n        parsed = urlparse.urlparse(pattern)\n        external_url = pattern\n\n        if parsed.hostname:\n            pattern = parsed.path\n\n            original_pregenerator = pregenerator\n            def external_url_pregenerator(request, elements, kw):\n                if '_app_url' in kw:\n                    raise ValueError(\n                        'You cannot generate a path to an external route '\n                        'pattern via request.route_path nor pass an _app_url '\n                        'to request.route_url when generating a URL for an '\n                        'external route pattern (pattern was \"%s\") ' %\n                        (pattern,)\n                        )\n                if '_scheme' in kw:\n                    scheme = kw['_scheme']\n                elif parsed.scheme:\n                    scheme = parsed.scheme\n                else:\n                    scheme = request.scheme\n                kw['_app_url'] = '{0}://{1}'.format(scheme, parsed.netloc)\n\n                if original_pregenerator:\n                    elements, kw = original_pregenerator(\n                        request, elements, kw)\n                return elements, kw\n\n            pregenerator = external_url_pregenerator\n            static = True\n\n        elif self.route_prefix:\n            pattern = self.route_prefix.rstrip('/') + '/' + pattern.lstrip('/')\n\n        mapper = self.get_routes_mapper()\n\n        introspectables = []\n\n        intr = self.introspectable('routes',\n                                   name,\n                                   '%s (pattern: %r)' % (name, pattern),\n                                   'route')\n        intr['name'] = name\n        intr['pattern'] = pattern\n        intr['factory'] = factory\n        intr['xhr'] = xhr\n        intr['request_methods'] = request_method\n        intr['path_info'] = path_info\n        intr['request_param'] = request_param\n        intr['header'] = header\n        intr['accept'] = accept\n        intr['traverse'] = traverse\n        intr['custom_predicates'] = custom_predicates\n        intr['pregenerator'] = pregenerator\n        intr['static'] = static\n        intr['use_global_views'] = use_global_views\n\n        if static is True:\n            intr['external_url'] = external_url\n\n        introspectables.append(intr)\n\n        if factory:\n            factory_intr = self.introspectable('root factories',\n                                               name,\n                                               self.object_description(factory),\n                                               'root factory')\n            factory_intr['factory'] = factory\n            factory_intr['route_name'] = name\n            factory_intr.relate('routes', name)\n            introspectables.append(factory_intr)\n\n        def register_route_request_iface():\n            request_iface = self.registry.queryUtility(IRouteRequest, name=name)\n            if request_iface is None:\n                if use_global_views:\n                    bases = (IRequest,)\n                else:\n                    bases = ()\n                request_iface = route_request_iface(name, bases)\n                self.registry.registerUtility(\n                    request_iface, IRouteRequest, name=name)\n\n        def register_connect():\n            pvals = predicates.copy()\n            pvals.update(\n                dict(\n                    xhr=xhr,\n                    request_method=request_method,\n                    path_info=path_info,\n                    request_param=request_param,\n                    header=header,\n                    accept=accept,\n                    traverse=traverse,\n                    custom=predvalseq(custom_predicates),\n                    )\n                )\n\n            predlist = self.get_predlist('route')\n            _, preds, _ = predlist.make(self, **pvals)\n            route = mapper.connect(\n                name, pattern, factory, predicates=preds,\n                pregenerator=pregenerator, static=static\n                )\n            intr['object'] = route\n            return route\n\n        # We have to connect routes in the order they were provided;\n        # we can't use a phase to do that, because when the actions are\n        # sorted, actions in the same phase lose relative ordering\n        self.action(('route-connect', name), register_connect)\n\n        # But IRouteRequest interfaces must be registered before we begin to\n        # process view registrations (in phase 3)\n        self.action(('route', name), register_route_request_iface,\n                    order=PHASE2_CONFIG, introspectables=introspectables)\n\n    @action_method\n    def add_route_predicate(self, name, factory, weighs_more_than=None,\n                            weighs_less_than=None):\n        \"\"\" Adds a route predicate factory.  The view predicate can later be\n        named as a keyword argument to\n        :meth:`pyramid.config.Configurator.add_route`.\n\n        ``name`` should be the name of the predicate.  It must be a valid\n        Python identifier (it will be used as a keyword argument to\n        ``add_route``).\n\n        ``factory`` should be a :term:`predicate factory` or :term:`dotted\n        Python name` which refers to a predicate factory.\n\n        See :ref:`view_and_route_predicates` for more information.\n\n        .. versionadded:: 1.4\n        \"\"\"\n        self._add_predicate(\n            'route',\n            name,\n            factory,\n            weighs_more_than=weighs_more_than,\n            weighs_less_than=weighs_less_than\n            )\n\n    def add_default_route_predicates(self):\n        p = pyramid.predicates\n        for (name, factory) in (\n            ('xhr', p.XHRPredicate),\n            ('request_method', p.RequestMethodPredicate),\n            ('path_info', p.PathInfoPredicate),\n            ('request_param', p.RequestParamPredicate),\n            ('header', p.HeaderPredicate),\n            ('accept', p.AcceptPredicate),\n            ('effective_principals', p.EffectivePrincipalsPredicate),\n            ('custom', p.CustomPredicate),\n            ('traverse', p.TraversePredicate),\n            ):\n            self.add_route_predicate(name, factory)\n\n    def get_routes_mapper(self):\n        \"\"\" Return the :term:`routes mapper` object associated with\n        this configurator's :term:`registry`.\"\"\"\n        mapper = self.registry.queryUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        if mapper is None:\n            mapper = RoutesMapper()\n            self.registry.registerUtility(mapper, IRoutesMapper)\n        return mapper\n\n    @contextlib.contextmanager\n    def route_prefix_context(self, route_prefix):\n        \"\"\" Return this configurator with the\n        :attr:`pyramid.config.Configurator.route_prefix` attribute mutated to\n        include the new ``route_prefix``.\n\n        When the context exits, the ``route_prefix`` is reset to the original.\n\n        Example Usage:\n\n        >>> config = Configurator()\n        >>> with config.route_prefix_context('foo'):\n        ...     config.add_route('bar', '/bar')\n\n        Arguments\n\n        route_prefix\n\n          A string suitable to be used as a route prefix, or ``None``.\n\n        .. versionadded:: 1.10\n        \"\"\"\n\n        original_route_prefix = self.route_prefix\n\n        if route_prefix is None:\n            route_prefix = ''\n\n        old_route_prefix = self.route_prefix\n        if old_route_prefix is None:\n            old_route_prefix = ''\n\n        route_prefix = '{}/{}'.format(\n            old_route_prefix.rstrip('/'),\n            route_prefix.lstrip('/'),\n        )\n\n        route_prefix = route_prefix.strip('/')\n\n        if not route_prefix:\n            route_prefix = None\n\n        self.begin()\n        try:\n            self.route_prefix = route_prefix\n            yield\n\n        finally:\n            self.route_prefix = original_route_prefix\n            self.end()\n",
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                            "name": "RoutesConfiguratorMixin",
                            "content": "class RoutesConfiguratorMixin(object):\n    @action_method\n    def add_route(self,\n                  name,\n                  pattern=None,\n                  factory=None,\n                  for_=None,\n                  header=None,\n                  xhr=None,\n                  accept=None,\n                  path_info=None,\n                  request_method=None,\n                  request_param=None,\n                  traverse=None,\n                  custom_predicates=(),\n                  use_global_views=False,\n                  path=None,\n                  pregenerator=None,\n                  static=False,\n                  **predicates):\n        \"\"\" Add a :term:`route configuration` to the current\n        configuration state, as well as possibly a :term:`view\n        configuration` to be used to specify a :term:`view callable`\n        that will be invoked when this route matches.  The arguments\n        to this method are divided into *predicate*, *non-predicate*,\n        and *view-related* types.  :term:`Route predicate` arguments\n        narrow the circumstances in which a route will be match a\n        request; non-predicate arguments are informational.\n\n        Non-Predicate Arguments\n\n        name\n\n          The name of the route, e.g. ``myroute``.  This attribute is\n          required.  It must be unique among all defined routes in a given\n          application.\n\n        factory\n\n          A Python object (often a function or a class) or a :term:`dotted\n          Python name` which refers to the same object that will generate a\n          :app:`Pyramid` root resource object when this route matches. For\n          example, ``mypackage.resources.MyFactory``.  If this argument is\n          not specified, a default root factory will be used.  See\n          :ref:`the_resource_tree` for more information about root factories.\n\n        traverse\n\n          If you would like to cause the :term:`context` to be\n          something other than the :term:`root` object when this route\n          matches, you can spell a traversal pattern as the\n          ``traverse`` argument.  This traversal pattern will be used\n          as the traversal path: traversal will begin at the root\n          object implied by this route (either the global root, or the\n          object returned by the ``factory`` associated with this\n          route).\n\n          The syntax of the ``traverse`` argument is the same as it is\n          for ``pattern``. For example, if the ``pattern`` provided to\n          ``add_route`` is ``articles/{article}/edit``, and the\n          ``traverse`` argument provided to ``add_route`` is\n          ``/{article}``, when a request comes in that causes the route\n          to match in such a way that the ``article`` match value is\n          ``'1'`` (when the request URI is ``/articles/1/edit``), the\n          traversal path will be generated as ``/1``.  This means that\n          the root object's ``__getitem__`` will be called with the\n          name ``'1'`` during the traversal phase.  If the ``'1'`` object\n          exists, it will become the :term:`context` of the request.\n          :ref:`traversal_chapter` has more information about\n          traversal.\n\n          If the traversal path contains segment marker names which\n          are not present in the ``pattern`` argument, a runtime error\n          will occur.  The ``traverse`` pattern should not contain\n          segment markers that do not exist in the ``pattern``\n          argument.\n\n          A similar combining of routing and traversal is available\n          when a route is matched which contains a ``*traverse``\n          remainder marker in its pattern (see\n          :ref:`using_traverse_in_a_route_pattern`).  The ``traverse``\n          argument to add_route allows you to associate route patterns\n          with an arbitrary traversal path without using a\n          ``*traverse`` remainder marker; instead you can use other\n          match information.\n\n          Note that the ``traverse`` argument to ``add_route`` is\n          ignored when attached to a route that has a ``*traverse``\n          remainder marker in its pattern.\n\n        pregenerator\n\n           This option should be a callable object that implements the\n           :class:`pyramid.interfaces.IRoutePregenerator` interface.  A\n           :term:`pregenerator` is a callable called by the\n           :meth:`pyramid.request.Request.route_url` function to augment or\n           replace the arguments it is passed when generating a URL for the\n           route.  This is a feature not often used directly by applications,\n           it is meant to be hooked by frameworks that use :app:`Pyramid` as\n           a base.\n\n        use_global_views\n\n          When a request matches this route, and view lookup cannot\n          find a view which has a ``route_name`` predicate argument\n          that matches the route, try to fall back to using a view\n          that otherwise matches the context, request, and view name\n          (but which does not match the route_name predicate).\n\n        static\n\n          If ``static`` is ``True``, this route will never match an incoming\n          request; it will only be useful for URL generation.  By default,\n          ``static`` is ``False``.  See :ref:`static_route_narr`.\n\n          .. versionadded:: 1.1\n\n        Predicate Arguments\n\n        pattern\n\n          The pattern of the route e.g. ``ideas/{idea}``.  This\n          argument is required.  See :ref:`route_pattern_syntax`\n          for information about the syntax of route patterns.  If the\n          pattern doesn't match the current URL, route matching\n          continues.\n\n          .. note::\n\n             For backwards compatibility purposes (as of :app:`Pyramid` 1.0), a\n             ``path`` keyword argument passed to this function will be used to\n             represent the pattern value if the ``pattern`` argument is\n             ``None``.  If both ``path`` and ``pattern`` are passed, ``pattern``\n             wins.\n\n        xhr\n\n          This value should be either ``True`` or ``False``.  If this\n          value is specified and is ``True``, the :term:`request` must\n          possess an ``HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH`` (aka\n          ``X-Requested-With``) header for this route to match.  This\n          is useful for detecting AJAX requests issued from jQuery,\n          Prototype and other Javascript libraries.  If this predicate\n          returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n        request_method\n\n          A string representing an HTTP method name, e.g. ``GET``, ``POST``,\n          ``HEAD``, ``DELETE``, ``PUT`` or a tuple of elements containing\n          HTTP method names.  If this argument is not specified, this route\n          will match if the request has *any* request method.  If this\n          predicate returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n          .. versionchanged:: 1.2\n             The ability to pass a tuple of items as ``request_method``.\n             Previous versions allowed only a string.\n\n        path_info\n\n          This value represents a regular expression pattern that will\n          be tested against the ``PATH_INFO`` WSGI environment\n          variable.  If the regex matches, this predicate will return\n          ``True``.  If this predicate returns ``False``, route\n          matching continues.\n\n        request_param\n\n          This value can be any string or an iterable of strings.  A view\n          declaration with this argument ensures that the associated route will\n          only match when the request has a key in the ``request.params``\n          dictionary (an HTTP ``GET`` or ``POST`` variable) that has a\n          name which matches the supplied value.  If the value\n          supplied as the argument has a ``=`` sign in it,\n          e.g. ``request_param=\"foo=123\"``, then the key\n          (``foo``) must both exist in the ``request.params`` dictionary, and\n          the value must match the right hand side of the expression (``123``)\n          for the route to \"match\" the current request.  If this predicate\n          returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n        header\n\n          This argument represents an HTTP header name or a header\n          name/value pair.  If the argument contains a ``:`` (colon),\n          it will be considered a name/value pair\n          (e.g. ``User-Agent:Mozilla/.*`` or ``Host:localhost``).  If\n          the value contains a colon, the value portion should be a\n          regular expression.  If the value does not contain a colon,\n          the entire value will be considered to be the header name\n          (e.g. ``If-Modified-Since``).  If the value evaluates to a\n          header name only without a value, the header specified by\n          the name must be present in the request for this predicate\n          to be true.  If the value evaluates to a header name/value\n          pair, the header specified by the name must be present in\n          the request *and* the regular expression specified as the\n          value must match the header value.  Whether or not the value\n          represents a header name or a header name/value pair, the\n          case of the header name is not significant.  If this\n          predicate returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n        accept\n\n          A :term:`media type` that will be matched against the ``Accept``\n          HTTP request header.  This value may be a specific media type such\n          as ``text/html``, or a range like ``text/*``, or a list of the same.\n          If the media type is acceptable by the ``Accept`` header of the\n          request, or if the ``Accept`` header isn't set at all in the\n          request, this predicate will match. If this does not match the\n          ``Accept`` header of the request, route matching continues.\n\n          If ``accept`` is not specified, the ``HTTP_ACCEPT`` HTTP header is\n          not taken into consideration when deciding whether or not to select\n          the route.\n\n        effective_principals\n\n          If specified, this value should be a :term:`principal` identifier or\n          a sequence of principal identifiers.  If the\n          :attr:`pyramid.request.Request.effective_principals` property\n          indicates that every principal named in the argument list is present\n          in the current request, this predicate will return True; otherwise it\n          will return False.  For example:\n          ``effective_principals=pyramid.security.Authenticated`` or\n          ``effective_principals=('fred', 'group:admins')``.\n\n          .. versionadded:: 1.4a4\n\n        custom_predicates\n\n          .. deprecated:: 1.5\n              This value should be a sequence of references to custom\n              predicate callables.  Use custom predicates when no set of\n              predefined predicates does what you need.  Custom predicates\n              can be combined with predefined predicates as necessary.\n              Each custom predicate callable should accept two arguments:\n              ``info`` and ``request`` and should return either ``True``\n              or ``False`` after doing arbitrary evaluation of the info\n              and/or the request.  If all custom and non-custom predicate\n              callables return ``True`` the associated route will be\n              considered viable for a given request.  If any predicate\n              callable returns ``False``, route matching continues.  Note\n              that the value ``info`` passed to a custom route predicate\n              is a dictionary containing matching information; see\n              :ref:`custom_route_predicates` for more information about\n              ``info``.\n\n        predicates\n\n          Pass a key/value pair here to use a third-party predicate\n          registered via\n          :meth:`pyramid.config.Configurator.add_route_predicate`.  More than\n          one key/value pair can be used at the same time.  See\n          :ref:`view_and_route_predicates` for more information about\n          third-party predicates.\n\n          .. versionadded:: 1.4\n\n        \"\"\"\n        if custom_predicates:\n            warnings.warn(\n                ('The \"custom_predicates\" argument to Configurator.add_route '\n                 'is deprecated as of Pyramid 1.5.  Use '\n                 '\"config.add_route_predicate\" and use the registered '\n                 'route predicate as a predicate argument to add_route '\n                 'instead. See \"Adding A Third Party View, Route, or '\n                 'Subscriber Predicate\" in the \"Hooks\" chapter of the '\n                 'documentation for more information.'),\n                DeprecationWarning,\n                stacklevel=3\n                )\n\n        if accept is not None:\n            if is_nonstr_iter(accept):\n                accept = [accept]\n\n            accept = [accept_option.lower() for accept_option in accept]\n\n        # these are route predicates; if they do not match, the next route\n        # in the routelist will be tried\n        if request_method is not None:\n            request_method = as_sorted_tuple(request_method)\n\n        factory = self.maybe_dotted(factory)\n        if pattern is None:\n            pattern = path\n        if pattern is None:\n            raise ConfigurationError('\"pattern\" argument may not be None')\n\n        # check for an external route; an external route is one which is\n        # is a full url (e.g. 'http://example.com/{id}')\n        parsed = urlparse.urlparse(pattern)\n        external_url = pattern\n\n        if parsed.hostname:\n            pattern = parsed.path\n\n            original_pregenerator = pregenerator\n            def external_url_pregenerator(request, elements, kw):\n                if '_app_url' in kw:\n                    raise ValueError(\n                        'You cannot generate a path to an external route '\n                        'pattern via request.route_path nor pass an _app_url '\n                        'to request.route_url when generating a URL for an '\n                        'external route pattern (pattern was \"%s\") ' %\n                        (pattern,)\n                        )\n                if '_scheme' in kw:\n                    scheme = kw['_scheme']\n                elif parsed.scheme:\n                    scheme = parsed.scheme\n                else:\n                    scheme = request.scheme\n                kw['_app_url'] = '{0}://{1}'.format(scheme, parsed.netloc)\n\n                if original_pregenerator:\n                    elements, kw = original_pregenerator(\n                        request, elements, kw)\n                return elements, kw\n\n            pregenerator = external_url_pregenerator\n            static = True\n\n        elif self.route_prefix:\n            pattern = self.route_prefix.rstrip('/') + '/' + pattern.lstrip('/')\n\n        mapper = self.get_routes_mapper()\n\n        introspectables = []\n\n        intr = self.introspectable('routes',\n                                   name,\n                                   '%s (pattern: %r)' % (name, pattern),\n                                   'route')\n        intr['name'] = name\n        intr['pattern'] = pattern\n        intr['factory'] = factory\n        intr['xhr'] = xhr\n        intr['request_methods'] = request_method\n        intr['path_info'] = path_info\n        intr['request_param'] = request_param\n        intr['header'] = header\n        intr['accept'] = accept\n        intr['traverse'] = traverse\n        intr['custom_predicates'] = custom_predicates\n        intr['pregenerator'] = pregenerator\n        intr['static'] = static\n        intr['use_global_views'] = use_global_views\n\n        if static is True:\n            intr['external_url'] = external_url\n\n        introspectables.append(intr)\n\n        if factory:\n            factory_intr = self.introspectable('root factories',\n                                               name,\n                                               self.object_description(factory),\n                                               'root factory')\n            factory_intr['factory'] = factory\n            factory_intr['route_name'] = name\n            factory_intr.relate('routes', name)\n            introspectables.append(factory_intr)\n\n        def register_route_request_iface():\n            request_iface = self.registry.queryUtility(IRouteRequest, name=name)\n            if request_iface is None:\n                if use_global_views:\n                    bases = (IRequest,)\n                else:\n                    bases = ()\n                request_iface = route_request_iface(name, bases)\n                self.registry.registerUtility(\n                    request_iface, IRouteRequest, name=name)\n\n        def register_connect():\n            pvals = predicates.copy()\n            pvals.update(\n                dict(\n                    xhr=xhr,\n                    request_method=request_method,\n                    path_info=path_info,\n                    request_param=request_param,\n                    header=header,\n                    accept=accept,\n                    traverse=traverse,\n                    custom=predvalseq(custom_predicates),\n                    )\n                )\n\n            predlist = self.get_predlist('route')\n            _, preds, _ = predlist.make(self, **pvals)\n            route = mapper.connect(\n                name, pattern, factory, predicates=preds,\n                pregenerator=pregenerator, static=static\n                )\n            intr['object'] = route\n            return route\n\n        # We have to connect routes in the order they were provided;\n        # we can't use a phase to do that, because when the actions are\n        # sorted, actions in the same phase lose relative ordering\n        self.action(('route-connect', name), register_connect)\n\n        # But IRouteRequest interfaces must be registered before we begin to\n        # process view registrations (in phase 3)\n        self.action(('route', name), register_route_request_iface,\n                    order=PHASE2_CONFIG, introspectables=introspectables)\n\n    @action_method\n    def add_route_predicate(self, name, factory, weighs_more_than=None,\n                            weighs_less_than=None):\n        \"\"\" Adds a route predicate factory.  The view predicate can later be\n        named as a keyword argument to\n        :meth:`pyramid.config.Configurator.add_route`.\n\n        ``name`` should be the name of the predicate.  It must be a valid\n        Python identifier (it will be used as a keyword argument to\n        ``add_route``).\n\n        ``factory`` should be a :term:`predicate factory` or :term:`dotted\n        Python name` which refers to a predicate factory.\n\n        See :ref:`view_and_route_predicates` for more information.\n\n        .. versionadded:: 1.4\n        \"\"\"\n        self._add_predicate(\n            'route',\n            name,\n            factory,\n            weighs_more_than=weighs_more_than,\n            weighs_less_than=weighs_less_than\n            )\n\n    def add_default_route_predicates(self):\n        p = pyramid.predicates\n        for (name, factory) in (\n            ('xhr', p.XHRPredicate),\n            ('request_method', p.RequestMethodPredicate),\n            ('path_info', p.PathInfoPredicate),\n            ('request_param', p.RequestParamPredicate),\n            ('header', p.HeaderPredicate),\n            ('accept', p.AcceptPredicate),\n            ('effective_principals', p.EffectivePrincipalsPredicate),\n            ('custom', p.CustomPredicate),\n            ('traverse', p.TraversePredicate),\n            ):\n            self.add_route_predicate(name, factory)\n\n    def get_routes_mapper(self):\n        \"\"\" Return the :term:`routes mapper` object associated with\n        this configurator's :term:`registry`.\"\"\"\n        mapper = self.registry.queryUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        if mapper is None:\n            mapper = RoutesMapper()\n            self.registry.registerUtility(mapper, IRoutesMapper)\n        return mapper\n\n    @contextlib.contextmanager\n    def route_prefix_context(self, route_prefix):\n        \"\"\" Return this configurator with the\n        :attr:`pyramid.config.Configurator.route_prefix` attribute mutated to\n        include the new ``route_prefix``.\n\n        When the context exits, the ``route_prefix`` is reset to the original.\n\n        Example Usage:\n\n        >>> config = Configurator()\n        >>> with config.route_prefix_context('foo'):\n        ...     config.add_route('bar', '/bar')\n\n        Arguments\n\n        route_prefix\n\n          A string suitable to be used as a route prefix, or ``None``.\n\n        .. versionadded:: 1.10\n        \"\"\"\n\n        original_route_prefix = self.route_prefix\n\n        if route_prefix is None:\n            route_prefix = ''\n\n        old_route_prefix = self.route_prefix\n        if old_route_prefix is None:\n            old_route_prefix = ''\n\n        route_prefix = '{}/{}'.format(\n            old_route_prefix.rstrip('/'),\n            route_prefix.lstrip('/'),\n        )\n\n        route_prefix = route_prefix.strip('/')\n\n        if not route_prefix:\n            route_prefix = None\n\n        self.begin()\n        try:\n            self.route_prefix = route_prefix\n            yield\n\n        finally:\n            self.route_prefix = original_route_prefix\n            self.end()",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 28,
                            "end_lineno": 534,
                            "parent": null
                        },
                        {
                            "file_name": "pyramid/config/routes.py",
                            "type": "method",
                            "name": "RoutesConfiguratorMixin.add_route",
                            "content": "class RoutesConfiguratorMixin(object):\n    @action_method\n    def add_route(self,\n                  name,\n                  pattern=None,\n                  factory=None,\n                  for_=None,\n                  header=None,\n                  xhr=None,\n                  accept=None,\n                  path_info=None,\n                  request_method=None,\n                  request_param=None,\n                  traverse=None,\n                  custom_predicates=(),\n                  use_global_views=False,\n                  path=None,\n                  pregenerator=None,\n                  static=False,\n                  **predicates):\n        \"\"\" Add a :term:`route configuration` to the current\n        configuration state, as well as possibly a :term:`view\n        configuration` to be used to specify a :term:`view callable`\n        that will be invoked when this route matches.  The arguments\n        to this method are divided into *predicate*, *non-predicate*,\n        and *view-related* types.  :term:`Route predicate` arguments\n        narrow the circumstances in which a route will be match a\n        request; non-predicate arguments are informational.\n\n        Non-Predicate Arguments\n\n        name\n\n          The name of the route, e.g. ``myroute``.  This attribute is\n          required.  It must be unique among all defined routes in a given\n          application.\n\n        factory\n\n          A Python object (often a function or a class) or a :term:`dotted\n          Python name` which refers to the same object that will generate a\n          :app:`Pyramid` root resource object when this route matches. For\n          example, ``mypackage.resources.MyFactory``.  If this argument is\n          not specified, a default root factory will be used.  See\n          :ref:`the_resource_tree` for more information about root factories.\n\n        traverse\n\n          If you would like to cause the :term:`context` to be\n          something other than the :term:`root` object when this route\n          matches, you can spell a traversal pattern as the\n          ``traverse`` argument.  This traversal pattern will be used\n          as the traversal path: traversal will begin at the root\n          object implied by this route (either the global root, or the\n          object returned by the ``factory`` associated with this\n          route).\n\n          The syntax of the ``traverse`` argument is the same as it is\n          for ``pattern``. For example, if the ``pattern`` provided to\n          ``add_route`` is ``articles/{article}/edit``, and the\n          ``traverse`` argument provided to ``add_route`` is\n          ``/{article}``, when a request comes in that causes the route\n          to match in such a way that the ``article`` match value is\n          ``'1'`` (when the request URI is ``/articles/1/edit``), the\n          traversal path will be generated as ``/1``.  This means that\n          the root object's ``__getitem__`` will be called with the\n          name ``'1'`` during the traversal phase.  If the ``'1'`` object\n          exists, it will become the :term:`context` of the request.\n          :ref:`traversal_chapter` has more information about\n          traversal.\n\n          If the traversal path contains segment marker names which\n          are not present in the ``pattern`` argument, a runtime error\n          will occur.  The ``traverse`` pattern should not contain\n          segment markers that do not exist in the ``pattern``\n          argument.\n\n          A similar combining of routing and traversal is available\n          when a route is matched which contains a ``*traverse``\n          remainder marker in its pattern (see\n          :ref:`using_traverse_in_a_route_pattern`).  The ``traverse``\n          argument to add_route allows you to associate route patterns\n          with an arbitrary traversal path without using a\n          ``*traverse`` remainder marker; instead you can use other\n          match information.\n\n          Note that the ``traverse`` argument to ``add_route`` is\n          ignored when attached to a route that has a ``*traverse``\n          remainder marker in its pattern.\n\n        pregenerator\n\n           This option should be a callable object that implements the\n           :class:`pyramid.interfaces.IRoutePregenerator` interface.  A\n           :term:`pregenerator` is a callable called by the\n           :meth:`pyramid.request.Request.route_url` function to augment or\n           replace the arguments it is passed when generating a URL for the\n           route.  This is a feature not often used directly by applications,\n           it is meant to be hooked by frameworks that use :app:`Pyramid` as\n           a base.\n\n        use_global_views\n\n          When a request matches this route, and view lookup cannot\n          find a view which has a ``route_name`` predicate argument\n          that matches the route, try to fall back to using a view\n          that otherwise matches the context, request, and view name\n          (but which does not match the route_name predicate).\n\n        static\n\n          If ``static`` is ``True``, this route will never match an incoming\n          request; it will only be useful for URL generation.  By default,\n          ``static`` is ``False``.  See :ref:`static_route_narr`.\n\n          .. versionadded:: 1.1\n\n        Predicate Arguments\n\n        pattern\n\n          The pattern of the route e.g. ``ideas/{idea}``.  This\n          argument is required.  See :ref:`route_pattern_syntax`\n          for information about the syntax of route patterns.  If the\n          pattern doesn't match the current URL, route matching\n          continues.\n\n          .. note::\n\n             For backwards compatibility purposes (as of :app:`Pyramid` 1.0), a\n             ``path`` keyword argument passed to this function will be used to\n             represent the pattern value if the ``pattern`` argument is\n             ``None``.  If both ``path`` and ``pattern`` are passed, ``pattern``\n             wins.\n\n        xhr\n\n          This value should be either ``True`` or ``False``.  If this\n          value is specified and is ``True``, the :term:`request` must\n          possess an ``HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH`` (aka\n          ``X-Requested-With``) header for this route to match.  This\n          is useful for detecting AJAX requests issued from jQuery,\n          Prototype and other Javascript libraries.  If this predicate\n          returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n        request_method\n\n          A string representing an HTTP method name, e.g. ``GET``, ``POST``,\n          ``HEAD``, ``DELETE``, ``PUT`` or a tuple of elements containing\n          HTTP method names.  If this argument is not specified, this route\n          will match if the request has *any* request method.  If this\n          predicate returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n          .. versionchanged:: 1.2\n             The ability to pass a tuple of items as ``request_method``.\n             Previous versions allowed only a string.\n\n        path_info\n\n          This value represents a regular expression pattern that will\n          be tested against the ``PATH_INFO`` WSGI environment\n          variable.  If the regex matches, this predicate will return\n          ``True``.  If this predicate returns ``False``, route\n          matching continues.\n\n        request_param\n\n          This value can be any string or an iterable of strings.  A view\n          declaration with this argument ensures that the associated route will\n          only match when the request has a key in the ``request.params``\n          dictionary (an HTTP ``GET`` or ``POST`` variable) that has a\n          name which matches the supplied value.  If the value\n          supplied as the argument has a ``=`` sign in it,\n          e.g. ``request_param=\"foo=123\"``, then the key\n          (``foo``) must both exist in the ``request.params`` dictionary, and\n          the value must match the right hand side of the expression (``123``)\n          for the route to \"match\" the current request.  If this predicate\n          returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n        header\n\n          This argument represents an HTTP header name or a header\n          name/value pair.  If the argument contains a ``:`` (colon),\n          it will be considered a name/value pair\n          (e.g. ``User-Agent:Mozilla/.*`` or ``Host:localhost``).  If\n          the value contains a colon, the value portion should be a\n          regular expression.  If the value does not contain a colon,\n          the entire value will be considered to be the header name\n          (e.g. ``If-Modified-Since``).  If the value evaluates to a\n          header name only without a value, the header specified by\n          the name must be present in the request for this predicate\n          to be true.  If the value evaluates to a header name/value\n          pair, the header specified by the name must be present in\n          the request *and* the regular expression specified as the\n          value must match the header value.  Whether or not the value\n          represents a header name or a header name/value pair, the\n          case of the header name is not significant.  If this\n          predicate returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n        accept\n\n          A :term:`media type` that will be matched against the ``Accept``\n          HTTP request header.  This value may be a specific media type such\n          as ``text/html``, or a range like ``text/*``, or a list of the same.\n          If the media type is acceptable by the ``Accept`` header of the\n          request, or if the ``Accept`` header isn't set at all in the\n          request, this predicate will match. If this does not match the\n          ``Accept`` header of the request, route matching continues.\n\n          If ``accept`` is not specified, the ``HTTP_ACCEPT`` HTTP header is\n          not taken into consideration when deciding whether or not to select\n          the route.\n\n        effective_principals\n\n          If specified, this value should be a :term:`principal` identifier or\n          a sequence of principal identifiers.  If the\n          :attr:`pyramid.request.Request.effective_principals` property\n          indicates that every principal named in the argument list is present\n          in the current request, this predicate will return True; otherwise it\n          will return False.  For example:\n          ``effective_principals=pyramid.security.Authenticated`` or\n          ``effective_principals=('fred', 'group:admins')``.\n\n          .. versionadded:: 1.4a4\n\n        custom_predicates\n\n          .. deprecated:: 1.5\n              This value should be a sequence of references to custom\n              predicate callables.  Use custom predicates when no set of\n              predefined predicates does what you need.  Custom predicates\n              can be combined with predefined predicates as necessary.\n              Each custom predicate callable should accept two arguments:\n              ``info`` and ``request`` and should return either ``True``\n              or ``False`` after doing arbitrary evaluation of the info\n              and/or the request.  If all custom and non-custom predicate\n              callables return ``True`` the associated route will be\n              considered viable for a given request.  If any predicate\n              callable returns ``False``, route matching continues.  Note\n              that the value ``info`` passed to a custom route predicate\n              is a dictionary containing matching information; see\n              :ref:`custom_route_predicates` for more information about\n              ``info``.\n\n        predicates\n\n          Pass a key/value pair here to use a third-party predicate\n          registered via\n          :meth:`pyramid.config.Configurator.add_route_predicate`.  More than\n          one key/value pair can be used at the same time.  See\n          :ref:`view_and_route_predicates` for more information about\n          third-party predicates.\n\n          .. versionadded:: 1.4\n\n        \"\"\"\n        if custom_predicates:\n            warnings.warn(\n                ('The \"custom_predicates\" argument to Configurator.add_route '\n                 'is deprecated as of Pyramid 1.5.  Use '\n                 '\"config.add_route_predicate\" and use the registered '\n                 'route predicate as a predicate argument to add_route '\n                 'instead. See \"Adding A Third Party View, Route, or '\n                 'Subscriber Predicate\" in the \"Hooks\" chapter of the '\n                 'documentation for more information.'),\n                DeprecationWarning,\n                stacklevel=3\n                )\n\n        if accept is not None:\n            if is_nonstr_iter(accept):\n                accept = [accept]\n\n            accept = [accept_option.lower() for accept_option in accept]\n\n        # these are route predicates; if they do not match, the next route\n        # in the routelist will be tried\n        if request_method is not None:\n            request_method = as_sorted_tuple(request_method)\n\n        factory = self.maybe_dotted(factory)\n        if pattern is None:\n            pattern = path\n        if pattern is None:\n            raise ConfigurationError('\"pattern\" argument may not be None')\n\n        # check for an external route; an external route is one which is\n        # is a full url (e.g. 'http://example.com/{id}')\n        parsed = urlparse.urlparse(pattern)\n        external_url = pattern\n\n        if parsed.hostname:\n            pattern = parsed.path\n\n            original_pregenerator = pregenerator\n            def external_url_pregenerator(request, elements, kw):\n                if '_app_url' in kw:\n                    raise ValueError(\n                        'You cannot generate a path to an external route '\n                        'pattern via request.route_path nor pass an _app_url '\n                        'to request.route_url when generating a URL for an '\n                        'external route pattern (pattern was \"%s\") ' %\n                        (pattern,)\n                        )\n                if '_scheme' in kw:\n                    scheme = kw['_scheme']\n                elif parsed.scheme:\n                    scheme = parsed.scheme\n                else:\n                    scheme = request.scheme\n                kw['_app_url'] = '{0}://{1}'.format(scheme, parsed.netloc)\n\n                if original_pregenerator:\n                    elements, kw = original_pregenerator(\n                        request, elements, kw)\n                return elements, kw\n\n            pregenerator = external_url_pregenerator\n            static = True\n\n        elif self.route_prefix:\n            pattern = self.route_prefix.rstrip('/') + '/' + pattern.lstrip('/')\n\n        mapper = self.get_routes_mapper()\n\n        introspectables = []\n\n        intr = self.introspectable('routes',\n                                   name,\n                                   '%s (pattern: %r)' % (name, pattern),\n                                   'route')\n        intr['name'] = name\n        intr['pattern'] = pattern\n        intr['factory'] = factory\n        intr['xhr'] = xhr\n        intr['request_methods'] = request_method\n        intr['path_info'] = path_info\n        intr['request_param'] = request_param\n        intr['header'] = header\n        intr['accept'] = accept\n        intr['traverse'] = traverse\n        intr['custom_predicates'] = custom_predicates\n        intr['pregenerator'] = pregenerator\n        intr['static'] = static\n        intr['use_global_views'] = use_global_views\n\n        if static is True:\n            intr['external_url'] = external_url\n\n        introspectables.append(intr)\n\n        if factory:\n            factory_intr = self.introspectable('root factories',\n                                               name,\n                                               self.object_description(factory),\n                                               'root factory')\n            factory_intr['factory'] = factory\n            factory_intr['route_name'] = name\n            factory_intr.relate('routes', name)\n            introspectables.append(factory_intr)\n\n        def register_route_request_iface():\n            request_iface = self.registry.queryUtility(IRouteRequest, name=name)\n            if request_iface is None:\n                if use_global_views:\n                    bases = (IRequest,)\n                else:\n                    bases = ()\n                request_iface = route_request_iface(name, bases)\n                self.registry.registerUtility(\n                    request_iface, IRouteRequest, name=name)\n\n        def register_connect():\n            pvals = predicates.copy()\n            pvals.update(\n                dict(\n                    xhr=xhr,\n                    request_method=request_method,\n                    path_info=path_info,\n                    request_param=request_param,\n                    header=header,\n                    accept=accept,\n                    traverse=traverse,\n                    custom=predvalseq(custom_predicates),\n                    )\n                )\n\n            predlist = self.get_predlist('route')\n            _, preds, _ = predlist.make(self, **pvals)\n            route = mapper.connect(\n                name, pattern, factory, predicates=preds,\n                pregenerator=pregenerator, static=static\n                )\n            intr['object'] = route\n            return route\n\n        # We have to connect routes in the order they were provided;\n        # we can't use a phase to do that, because when the actions are\n        # sorted, actions in the same phase lose relative ordering\n        self.action(('route-connect', name), register_connect)\n\n        # But IRouteRequest interfaces must be registered before we begin to\n        # process view registrations (in phase 3)\n        self.action(('route', name), register_route_request_iface,\n                    order=PHASE2_CONFIG, introspectables=introspectables)\n\n    @action_method\n    def add_route_predicate(self, name, factory, weighs_more_than=None,\n                            weighs_less_than=None):\n        \"\"\" Adds a route predicate factory.  The view predicate can later be\n        named as a keyword argument to\n        :meth:`pyramid.config.Configurator.add_route`.\n\n        ``name`` should be the name of the predicate.  It must be a valid\n        Python identifier (it will be used as a keyword argument to\n        ``add_route``).\n\n        ``factory`` should be a :term:`predicate factory` or :term:`dotted\n        Python name` which refers to a predicate factory.\n\n        See :ref:`view_and_route_predicates` for more information.\n\n        .. versionadded:: 1.4\n        \"\"\"\n        self._add_predicate(\n            'route',\n            name,\n            factory,\n            weighs_more_than=weighs_more_than,\n            weighs_less_than=weighs_less_than\n            )\n\n    def add_default_route_predicates(self):\n        p = pyramid.predicates\n        for (name, factory) in (\n            ('xhr', p.XHRPredicate),\n            ('request_method', p.RequestMethodPredicate),\n            ('path_info', p.PathInfoPredicate),\n            ('request_param', p.RequestParamPredicate),\n            ('header', p.HeaderPredicate),\n            ('accept', p.AcceptPredicate),\n            ('effective_principals', p.EffectivePrincipalsPredicate),\n            ('custom', p.CustomPredicate),\n            ('traverse', p.TraversePredicate),\n            ):\n            self.add_route_predicate(name, factory)\n\n    def get_routes_mapper(self):\n        \"\"\" Return the :term:`routes mapper` object associated with\n        this configurator's :term:`registry`.\"\"\"\n        mapper = self.registry.queryUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        if mapper is None:\n            mapper = RoutesMapper()\n            self.registry.registerUtility(mapper, IRoutesMapper)\n        return mapper\n\n    @contextlib.contextmanager\n    def route_prefix_context(self, route_prefix):\n        \"\"\" Return this configurator with the\n        :attr:`pyramid.config.Configurator.route_prefix` attribute mutated to\n        include the new ``route_prefix``.\n\n        When the context exits, the ``route_prefix`` is reset to the original.\n\n        Example Usage:\n\n        >>> config = Configurator()\n        >>> with config.route_prefix_context('foo'):\n        ...     config.add_route('bar', '/bar')\n\n        Arguments\n\n        route_prefix\n\n          A string suitable to be used as a route prefix, or ``None``.\n\n        .. versionadded:: 1.10\n        \"\"\"\n\n        original_route_prefix = self.route_prefix\n\n        if route_prefix is None:\n            route_prefix = ''\n\n        old_route_prefix = self.route_prefix\n        if old_route_prefix is None:\n            old_route_prefix = ''\n\n        route_prefix = '{}/{}'.format(\n            old_route_prefix.rstrip('/'),\n            route_prefix.lstrip('/'),\n        )\n\n        route_prefix = route_prefix.strip('/')\n\n        if not route_prefix:\n            route_prefix = None\n\n        self.begin()\n        try:\n            self.route_prefix = route_prefix\n            yield\n\n        finally:\n            self.route_prefix = original_route_prefix\n            self.end()",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 30,
                            "end_lineno": 433,
                            "parent": {
                                "file_name": "pyramid/config/routes.py",
                                "type": "class",
                                "name": "RoutesConfiguratorMixin",
                                "content": "class RoutesConfiguratorMixin(object):\n    @action_method\n    def add_route(self,\n                  name,\n                  pattern=None,\n                  factory=None,\n                  for_=None,\n                  header=None,\n                  xhr=None,\n                  accept=None,\n                  path_info=None,\n                  request_method=None,\n                  request_param=None,\n                  traverse=None,\n                  custom_predicates=(),\n                  use_global_views=False,\n                  path=None,\n                  pregenerator=None,\n                  static=False,\n                  **predicates):\n        \"\"\" Add a :term:`route configuration` to the current\n        configuration state, as well as possibly a :term:`view\n        configuration` to be used to specify a :term:`view callable`\n        that will be invoked when this route matches.  The arguments\n        to this method are divided into *predicate*, *non-predicate*,\n        and *view-related* types.  :term:`Route predicate` arguments\n        narrow the circumstances in which a route will be match a\n        request; non-predicate arguments are informational.\n\n        Non-Predicate Arguments\n\n        name\n\n          The name of the route, e.g. ``myroute``.  This attribute is\n          required.  It must be unique among all defined routes in a given\n          application.\n\n        factory\n\n          A Python object (often a function or a class) or a :term:`dotted\n          Python name` which refers to the same object that will generate a\n          :app:`Pyramid` root resource object when this route matches. For\n          example, ``mypackage.resources.MyFactory``.  If this argument is\n          not specified, a default root factory will be used.  See\n          :ref:`the_resource_tree` for more information about root factories.\n\n        traverse\n\n          If you would like to cause the :term:`context` to be\n          something other than the :term:`root` object when this route\n          matches, you can spell a traversal pattern as the\n          ``traverse`` argument.  This traversal pattern will be used\n          as the traversal path: traversal will begin at the root\n          object implied by this route (either the global root, or the\n          object returned by the ``factory`` associated with this\n          route).\n\n          The syntax of the ``traverse`` argument is the same as it is\n          for ``pattern``. For example, if the ``pattern`` provided to\n          ``add_route`` is ``articles/{article}/edit``, and the\n          ``traverse`` argument provided to ``add_route`` is\n          ``/{article}``, when a request comes in that causes the route\n          to match in such a way that the ``article`` match value is\n          ``'1'`` (when the request URI is ``/articles/1/edit``), the\n          traversal path will be generated as ``/1``.  This means that\n          the root object's ``__getitem__`` will be called with the\n          name ``'1'`` during the traversal phase.  If the ``'1'`` object\n          exists, it will become the :term:`context` of the request.\n          :ref:`traversal_chapter` has more information about\n          traversal.\n\n          If the traversal path contains segment marker names which\n          are not present in the ``pattern`` argument, a runtime error\n          will occur.  The ``traverse`` pattern should not contain\n          segment markers that do not exist in the ``pattern``\n          argument.\n\n          A similar combining of routing and traversal is available\n          when a route is matched which contains a ``*traverse``\n          remainder marker in its pattern (see\n          :ref:`using_traverse_in_a_route_pattern`).  The ``traverse``\n          argument to add_route allows you to associate route patterns\n          with an arbitrary traversal path without using a\n          ``*traverse`` remainder marker; instead you can use other\n          match information.\n\n          Note that the ``traverse`` argument to ``add_route`` is\n          ignored when attached to a route that has a ``*traverse``\n          remainder marker in its pattern.\n\n        pregenerator\n\n           This option should be a callable object that implements the\n           :class:`pyramid.interfaces.IRoutePregenerator` interface.  A\n           :term:`pregenerator` is a callable called by the\n           :meth:`pyramid.request.Request.route_url` function to augment or\n           replace the arguments it is passed when generating a URL for the\n           route.  This is a feature not often used directly by applications,\n           it is meant to be hooked by frameworks that use :app:`Pyramid` as\n           a base.\n\n        use_global_views\n\n          When a request matches this route, and view lookup cannot\n          find a view which has a ``route_name`` predicate argument\n          that matches the route, try to fall back to using a view\n          that otherwise matches the context, request, and view name\n          (but which does not match the route_name predicate).\n\n        static\n\n          If ``static`` is ``True``, this route will never match an incoming\n          request; it will only be useful for URL generation.  By default,\n          ``static`` is ``False``.  See :ref:`static_route_narr`.\n\n          .. versionadded:: 1.1\n\n        Predicate Arguments\n\n        pattern\n\n          The pattern of the route e.g. ``ideas/{idea}``.  This\n          argument is required.  See :ref:`route_pattern_syntax`\n          for information about the syntax of route patterns.  If the\n          pattern doesn't match the current URL, route matching\n          continues.\n\n          .. note::\n\n             For backwards compatibility purposes (as of :app:`Pyramid` 1.0), a\n             ``path`` keyword argument passed to this function will be used to\n             represent the pattern value if the ``pattern`` argument is\n             ``None``.  If both ``path`` and ``pattern`` are passed, ``pattern``\n             wins.\n\n        xhr\n\n          This value should be either ``True`` or ``False``.  If this\n          value is specified and is ``True``, the :term:`request` must\n          possess an ``HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH`` (aka\n          ``X-Requested-With``) header for this route to match.  This\n          is useful for detecting AJAX requests issued from jQuery,\n          Prototype and other Javascript libraries.  If this predicate\n          returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n        request_method\n\n          A string representing an HTTP method name, e.g. ``GET``, ``POST``,\n          ``HEAD``, ``DELETE``, ``PUT`` or a tuple of elements containing\n          HTTP method names.  If this argument is not specified, this route\n          will match if the request has *any* request method.  If this\n          predicate returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n          .. versionchanged:: 1.2\n             The ability to pass a tuple of items as ``request_method``.\n             Previous versions allowed only a string.\n\n        path_info\n\n          This value represents a regular expression pattern that will\n          be tested against the ``PATH_INFO`` WSGI environment\n          variable.  If the regex matches, this predicate will return\n          ``True``.  If this predicate returns ``False``, route\n          matching continues.\n\n        request_param\n\n          This value can be any string or an iterable of strings.  A view\n          declaration with this argument ensures that the associated route will\n          only match when the request has a key in the ``request.params``\n          dictionary (an HTTP ``GET`` or ``POST`` variable) that has a\n          name which matches the supplied value.  If the value\n          supplied as the argument has a ``=`` sign in it,\n          e.g. ``request_param=\"foo=123\"``, then the key\n          (``foo``) must both exist in the ``request.params`` dictionary, and\n          the value must match the right hand side of the expression (``123``)\n          for the route to \"match\" the current request.  If this predicate\n          returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n        header\n\n          This argument represents an HTTP header name or a header\n          name/value pair.  If the argument contains a ``:`` (colon),\n          it will be considered a name/value pair\n          (e.g. ``User-Agent:Mozilla/.*`` or ``Host:localhost``).  If\n          the value contains a colon, the value portion should be a\n          regular expression.  If the value does not contain a colon,\n          the entire value will be considered to be the header name\n          (e.g. ``If-Modified-Since``).  If the value evaluates to a\n          header name only without a value, the header specified by\n          the name must be present in the request for this predicate\n          to be true.  If the value evaluates to a header name/value\n          pair, the header specified by the name must be present in\n          the request *and* the regular expression specified as the\n          value must match the header value.  Whether or not the value\n          represents a header name or a header name/value pair, the\n          case of the header name is not significant.  If this\n          predicate returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n        accept\n\n          A :term:`media type` that will be matched against the ``Accept``\n          HTTP request header.  This value may be a specific media type such\n          as ``text/html``, or a range like ``text/*``, or a list of the same.\n          If the media type is acceptable by the ``Accept`` header of the\n          request, or if the ``Accept`` header isn't set at all in the\n          request, this predicate will match. If this does not match the\n          ``Accept`` header of the request, route matching continues.\n\n          If ``accept`` is not specified, the ``HTTP_ACCEPT`` HTTP header is\n          not taken into consideration when deciding whether or not to select\n          the route.\n\n        effective_principals\n\n          If specified, this value should be a :term:`principal` identifier or\n          a sequence of principal identifiers.  If the\n          :attr:`pyramid.request.Request.effective_principals` property\n          indicates that every principal named in the argument list is present\n          in the current request, this predicate will return True; otherwise it\n          will return False.  For example:\n          ``effective_principals=pyramid.security.Authenticated`` or\n          ``effective_principals=('fred', 'group:admins')``.\n\n          .. versionadded:: 1.4a4\n\n        custom_predicates\n\n          .. deprecated:: 1.5\n              This value should be a sequence of references to custom\n              predicate callables.  Use custom predicates when no set of\n              predefined predicates does what you need.  Custom predicates\n              can be combined with predefined predicates as necessary.\n              Each custom predicate callable should accept two arguments:\n              ``info`` and ``request`` and should return either ``True``\n              or ``False`` after doing arbitrary evaluation of the info\n              and/or the request.  If all custom and non-custom predicate\n              callables return ``True`` the associated route will be\n              considered viable for a given request.  If any predicate\n              callable returns ``False``, route matching continues.  Note\n              that the value ``info`` passed to a custom route predicate\n              is a dictionary containing matching information; see\n              :ref:`custom_route_predicates` for more information about\n              ``info``.\n\n        predicates\n\n          Pass a key/value pair here to use a third-party predicate\n          registered via\n          :meth:`pyramid.config.Configurator.add_route_predicate`.  More than\n          one key/value pair can be used at the same time.  See\n          :ref:`view_and_route_predicates` for more information about\n          third-party predicates.\n\n          .. versionadded:: 1.4\n\n        \"\"\"\n        if custom_predicates:\n            warnings.warn(\n                ('The \"custom_predicates\" argument to Configurator.add_route '\n                 'is deprecated as of Pyramid 1.5.  Use '\n                 '\"config.add_route_predicate\" and use the registered '\n                 'route predicate as a predicate argument to add_route '\n                 'instead. See \"Adding A Third Party View, Route, or '\n                 'Subscriber Predicate\" in the \"Hooks\" chapter of the '\n                 'documentation for more information.'),\n                DeprecationWarning,\n                stacklevel=3\n                )\n\n        if accept is not None:\n            if is_nonstr_iter(accept):\n                accept = [accept]\n\n            accept = [accept_option.lower() for accept_option in accept]\n\n        # these are route predicates; if they do not match, the next route\n        # in the routelist will be tried\n        if request_method is not None:\n            request_method = as_sorted_tuple(request_method)\n\n        factory = self.maybe_dotted(factory)\n        if pattern is None:\n            pattern = path\n        if pattern is None:\n            raise ConfigurationError('\"pattern\" argument may not be None')\n\n        # check for an external route; an external route is one which is\n        # is a full url (e.g. 'http://example.com/{id}')\n        parsed = urlparse.urlparse(pattern)\n        external_url = pattern\n\n        if parsed.hostname:\n            pattern = parsed.path\n\n            original_pregenerator = pregenerator\n            def external_url_pregenerator(request, elements, kw):\n                if '_app_url' in kw:\n                    raise ValueError(\n                        'You cannot generate a path to an external route '\n                        'pattern via request.route_path nor pass an _app_url '\n                        'to request.route_url when generating a URL for an '\n                        'external route pattern (pattern was \"%s\") ' %\n                        (pattern,)\n                        )\n                if '_scheme' in kw:\n                    scheme = kw['_scheme']\n                elif parsed.scheme:\n                    scheme = parsed.scheme\n                else:\n                    scheme = request.scheme\n                kw['_app_url'] = '{0}://{1}'.format(scheme, parsed.netloc)\n\n                if original_pregenerator:\n                    elements, kw = original_pregenerator(\n                        request, elements, kw)\n                return elements, kw\n\n            pregenerator = external_url_pregenerator\n            static = True\n\n        elif self.route_prefix:\n            pattern = self.route_prefix.rstrip('/') + '/' + pattern.lstrip('/')\n\n        mapper = self.get_routes_mapper()\n\n        introspectables = []\n\n        intr = self.introspectable('routes',\n                                   name,\n                                   '%s (pattern: %r)' % (name, pattern),\n                                   'route')\n        intr['name'] = name\n        intr['pattern'] = pattern\n        intr['factory'] = factory\n        intr['xhr'] = xhr\n        intr['request_methods'] = request_method\n        intr['path_info'] = path_info\n        intr['request_param'] = request_param\n        intr['header'] = header\n        intr['accept'] = accept\n        intr['traverse'] = traverse\n        intr['custom_predicates'] = custom_predicates\n        intr['pregenerator'] = pregenerator\n        intr['static'] = static\n        intr['use_global_views'] = use_global_views\n\n        if static is True:\n            intr['external_url'] = external_url\n\n        introspectables.append(intr)\n\n        if factory:\n            factory_intr = self.introspectable('root factories',\n                                               name,\n                                               self.object_description(factory),\n                                               'root factory')\n            factory_intr['factory'] = factory\n            factory_intr['route_name'] = name\n            factory_intr.relate('routes', name)\n            introspectables.append(factory_intr)\n\n        def register_route_request_iface():\n            request_iface = self.registry.queryUtility(IRouteRequest, name=name)\n            if request_iface is None:\n                if use_global_views:\n                    bases = (IRequest,)\n                else:\n                    bases = ()\n                request_iface = route_request_iface(name, bases)\n                self.registry.registerUtility(\n                    request_iface, IRouteRequest, name=name)\n\n        def register_connect():\n            pvals = predicates.copy()\n            pvals.update(\n                dict(\n                    xhr=xhr,\n                    request_method=request_method,\n                    path_info=path_info,\n                    request_param=request_param,\n                    header=header,\n                    accept=accept,\n                    traverse=traverse,\n                    custom=predvalseq(custom_predicates),\n                    )\n                )\n\n            predlist = self.get_predlist('route')\n            _, preds, _ = predlist.make(self, **pvals)\n            route = mapper.connect(\n                name, pattern, factory, predicates=preds,\n                pregenerator=pregenerator, static=static\n                )\n            intr['object'] = route\n            return route\n\n        # We have to connect routes in the order they were provided;\n        # we can't use a phase to do that, because when the actions are\n        # sorted, actions in the same phase lose relative ordering\n        self.action(('route-connect', name), register_connect)\n\n        # But IRouteRequest interfaces must be registered before we begin to\n        # process view registrations (in phase 3)\n        self.action(('route', name), register_route_request_iface,\n                    order=PHASE2_CONFIG, introspectables=introspectables)\n\n    @action_method\n    def add_route_predicate(self, name, factory, weighs_more_than=None,\n                            weighs_less_than=None):\n        \"\"\" Adds a route predicate factory.  The view predicate can later be\n        named as a keyword argument to\n        :meth:`pyramid.config.Configurator.add_route`.\n\n        ``name`` should be the name of the predicate.  It must be a valid\n        Python identifier (it will be used as a keyword argument to\n        ``add_route``).\n\n        ``factory`` should be a :term:`predicate factory` or :term:`dotted\n        Python name` which refers to a predicate factory.\n\n        See :ref:`view_and_route_predicates` for more information.\n\n        .. versionadded:: 1.4\n        \"\"\"\n        self._add_predicate(\n            'route',\n            name,\n            factory,\n            weighs_more_than=weighs_more_than,\n            weighs_less_than=weighs_less_than\n            )\n\n    def add_default_route_predicates(self):\n        p = pyramid.predicates\n        for (name, factory) in (\n            ('xhr', p.XHRPredicate),\n            ('request_method', p.RequestMethodPredicate),\n            ('path_info', p.PathInfoPredicate),\n            ('request_param', p.RequestParamPredicate),\n            ('header', p.HeaderPredicate),\n            ('accept', p.AcceptPredicate),\n            ('effective_principals', p.EffectivePrincipalsPredicate),\n            ('custom', p.CustomPredicate),\n            ('traverse', p.TraversePredicate),\n            ):\n            self.add_route_predicate(name, factory)\n\n    def get_routes_mapper(self):\n        \"\"\" Return the :term:`routes mapper` object associated with\n        this configurator's :term:`registry`.\"\"\"\n        mapper = self.registry.queryUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        if mapper is None:\n            mapper = RoutesMapper()\n            self.registry.registerUtility(mapper, IRoutesMapper)\n        return mapper\n\n    @contextlib.contextmanager\n    def route_prefix_context(self, route_prefix):\n        \"\"\" Return this configurator with the\n        :attr:`pyramid.config.Configurator.route_prefix` attribute mutated to\n        include the new ``route_prefix``.\n\n        When the context exits, the ``route_prefix`` is reset to the original.\n\n        Example Usage:\n\n        >>> config = Configurator()\n        >>> with config.route_prefix_context('foo'):\n        ...     config.add_route('bar', '/bar')\n\n        Arguments\n\n        route_prefix\n\n          A string suitable to be used as a route prefix, or ``None``.\n\n        .. versionadded:: 1.10\n        \"\"\"\n\n        original_route_prefix = self.route_prefix\n\n        if route_prefix is None:\n            route_prefix = ''\n\n        old_route_prefix = self.route_prefix\n        if old_route_prefix is None:\n            old_route_prefix = ''\n\n        route_prefix = '{}/{}'.format(\n            old_route_prefix.rstrip('/'),\n            route_prefix.lstrip('/'),\n        )\n\n        route_prefix = route_prefix.strip('/')\n\n        if not route_prefix:\n            route_prefix = None\n\n        self.begin()\n        try:\n            self.route_prefix = route_prefix\n            yield\n\n        finally:\n            self.route_prefix = original_route_prefix\n            self.end()",
                                "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                                "start_lineno": 28,
                                "end_lineno": 534,
                                "parent": null
                            }
                        }
                    ],
                    "added_entities": [],
                    "deleted_entities": []
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "old_file_content": "import unittest\n\nfrom pyramid.tests.test_config import dummyfactory\nfrom pyramid.tests.test_config import DummyContext\nfrom pyramid.compat import text_\n\nclass RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        return config\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def test_get_routes_mapper_not_yet_registered(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        mapper = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(mapper.routelist, [])\n\n    def test_get_routes_mapper_already_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        mapper = object()\n        config.registry.registerUtility(mapper, IRoutesMapper)\n        result = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_add_route_defaults(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_route_prefix(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.route_prefix = 'root'\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'root/path')\n\n    def test_add_route_discriminator(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(config.action_state.actions[-1]['discriminator'],\n                         ('route', 'name'))\n\n    def test_add_route_with_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        factory = object()\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', factory=factory)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(route.factory, factory)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_static(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path/{foo}', static=True)\n        mapper = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(len(mapper.get_routes()), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(mapper.generate('name', {\"foo\":\"a\"}), '/path/a')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_factory_dottedname(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route(\n            'name', 'path',\n            factory='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummyfactory')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(route.factory, dummyfactory)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_xhr(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', xhr=True)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_request_method(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', request_method='GET')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', path_info='/foo')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = '/foo'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = '/'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info_highorder(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path',\n                         path_info=text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8'))\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info_regex(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path',\n                         path_info=text_(br'/La Pe\\w*', 'utf-8'))\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_request_param(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', request_param='abc')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_custom_predicates(self):\n        import warnings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request): pass\n        def pred2(context, request): pass\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_route('name', 'path', custom_predicates=(pred1, pred2))\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 2)\n        self.assertEqual(len(route.predicates), 2)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_header(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', header='Host')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'example.com'}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_accept(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', accept='text/xml')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/xml']\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/html']\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_no_pattern_with_path(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', path='path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n\n    def test_add_route_no_path_no_pattern(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_route, 'name')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_pregenerator(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'pattern', pregenerator='123')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'pattern')\n        self.assertEqual(route.pregenerator, '123')\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_attr(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_attr='abc')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_context=DummyContext)\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_permission='edit')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_renderer='json')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\nclass DummyRequest:\n    subpath = ()\n    matchdict = None\n    def __init__(self, environ=None):\n        if environ is None:\n            environ = {}\n        self.environ = environ\n        self.params = {}\n        self.cookies = {}\n",
            "new_file_content": "import unittest\n\nfrom pyramid.tests.test_config import dummyfactory\nfrom pyramid.tests.test_config import DummyContext\nfrom pyramid.compat import text_\n\nclass RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        return config\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def test_get_routes_mapper_not_yet_registered(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        mapper = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(mapper.routelist, [])\n\n    def test_get_routes_mapper_already_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        mapper = object()\n        config.registry.registerUtility(mapper, IRoutesMapper)\n        result = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_add_route_defaults(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_route_prefix(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.route_prefix = 'root'\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'root/path')\n\n    def test_add_route_discriminator(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(config.action_state.actions[-1]['discriminator'],\n                         ('route', 'name'))\n\n    def test_add_route_with_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        factory = object()\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', factory=factory)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(route.factory, factory)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_static(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path/{foo}', static=True)\n        mapper = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(len(mapper.get_routes()), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(mapper.generate('name', {\"foo\":\"a\"}), '/path/a')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_factory_dottedname(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route(\n            'name', 'path',\n            factory='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummyfactory')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(route.factory, dummyfactory)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_xhr(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', xhr=True)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_request_method(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', request_method='GET')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', path_info='/foo')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = '/foo'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = '/'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info_highorder(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path',\n                         path_info=text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8'))\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info_regex(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path',\n                         path_info=text_(br'/La Pe\\w*', 'utf-8'))\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_request_param(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', request_param='abc')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_custom_predicates(self):\n        import warnings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request): pass\n        def pred2(context, request): pass\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_route('name', 'path', custom_predicates=(pred1, pred2))\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 2)\n        self.assertEqual(len(route.predicates), 2)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_header(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', header='Host')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'example.com'}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_accept(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', accept='text/xml')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/xml')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_accept_list(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', accept=['text/xml', 'text/plain'])\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/xml')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/plain')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_no_pattern_with_path(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', path='path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n\n    def test_add_route_no_path_no_pattern(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_route, 'name')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_pregenerator(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'pattern', pregenerator='123')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'pattern')\n        self.assertEqual(route.pregenerator, '123')\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_attr(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_attr='abc')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_context=DummyContext)\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_permission='edit')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_renderer='json')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\nclass DummyRequest:\n    subpath = ()\n    matchdict = None\n    def __init__(self, environ=None):\n        if environ is None:\n            environ = {}\n        self.environ = environ\n        self.params = {}\n        self.cookies = {}\n\nclass DummyAccept(object):\n    def __init__(self, *matches):\n        self.matches = list(matches)\n\n    def acceptable_offers(self, offers):\n        results = []\n        for match in self.matches:\n            if match in offers:\n                results.append((match, 1.0))\n        return results\n",
            "header": {
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                "new_commit_hash": "afae4db33",
                "mode": "100644"
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            "is_binary_file": false,
            "binary_line": null,
            "minus_file": {
                "path": "a/pyramid/tests/test_config/test_routes.py"
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                "path": "b/pyramid/tests/test_config/test_routes.py"
            },
            "hunks": [
                {
                    "descriptor": {
                        "old_range": {
                            "start": 182,
                            "length": 10
                        },
                        "new_range": {
                            "start": 182,
                            "length": 25
                        },
                        "section": "class RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests(unittest.TestCase):"
                    },
                    "line_group": {
                        "all_lines": [
                            {
                                "content": "        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        predicate = route.predicates[0]",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        request = self._makeRequest(config)",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        request.accept = ['text/xml']",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/xml')",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        request = self._makeRequest(config)",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        request.accept = ['text/html']",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    def test_add_route_with_accept_list(self):",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        config.add_route('name', 'path', accept=['text/xml', 'text/plain'])",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        predicate = route.predicates[0]",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        request = self._makeRequest(config)",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/xml')",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        request = self._makeRequest(config)",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/plain')",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        request = self._makeRequest(config)",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    def test_add_route_no_pattern_with_path(self):",
                                "type": "context"
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    "modified_entities": [
                        {
                            "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_routes.py",
                            "type": "class",
                            "name": "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests",
                            "content": "class RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        return config\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def test_get_routes_mapper_not_yet_registered(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        mapper = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(mapper.routelist, [])\n\n    def test_get_routes_mapper_already_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        mapper = object()\n        config.registry.registerUtility(mapper, IRoutesMapper)\n        result = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_add_route_defaults(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_route_prefix(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.route_prefix = 'root'\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'root/path')\n\n    def test_add_route_discriminator(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(config.action_state.actions[-1]['discriminator'],\n                         ('route', 'name'))\n\n    def test_add_route_with_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        factory = object()\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', factory=factory)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(route.factory, factory)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_static(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path/{foo}', static=True)\n        mapper = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(len(mapper.get_routes()), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(mapper.generate('name', {\"foo\":\"a\"}), '/path/a')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_factory_dottedname(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route(\n            'name', 'path',\n            factory='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummyfactory')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(route.factory, dummyfactory)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_xhr(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', xhr=True)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_request_method(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', request_method='GET')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', path_info='/foo')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = '/foo'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = '/'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info_highorder(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path',\n                         path_info=text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8'))\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info_regex(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path',\n                         path_info=text_(br'/La Pe\\w*', 'utf-8'))\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_request_param(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', request_param='abc')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_custom_predicates(self):\n        import warnings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request): pass\n        def pred2(context, request): pass\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_route('name', 'path', custom_predicates=(pred1, pred2))\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 2)\n        self.assertEqual(len(route.predicates), 2)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_header(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', header='Host')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'example.com'}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_accept(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', accept='text/xml')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/xml']\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/html']\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_no_pattern_with_path(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', path='path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n\n    def test_add_route_no_path_no_pattern(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_route, 'name')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_pregenerator(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'pattern', pregenerator='123')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'pattern')\n        self.assertEqual(route.pregenerator, '123')\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_attr(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_attr='abc')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_context=DummyContext)\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_permission='edit')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_renderer='json')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 7,
                            "end_lineno": 245,
                            "parent": null
                        },
                        {
                            "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_routes.py",
                            "type": "method",
                            "name": "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_with_accept",
                            "content": "class RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        return config\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def test_get_routes_mapper_not_yet_registered(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        mapper = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(mapper.routelist, [])\n\n    def test_get_routes_mapper_already_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        mapper = object()\n        config.registry.registerUtility(mapper, IRoutesMapper)\n        result = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_add_route_defaults(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_route_prefix(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.route_prefix = 'root'\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'root/path')\n\n    def test_add_route_discriminator(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(config.action_state.actions[-1]['discriminator'],\n                         ('route', 'name'))\n\n    def test_add_route_with_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        factory = object()\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', factory=factory)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(route.factory, factory)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_static(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path/{foo}', static=True)\n        mapper = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(len(mapper.get_routes()), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(mapper.generate('name', {\"foo\":\"a\"}), '/path/a')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_factory_dottedname(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route(\n            'name', 'path',\n            factory='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummyfactory')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(route.factory, dummyfactory)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_xhr(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', xhr=True)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_request_method(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', request_method='GET')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', path_info='/foo')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = '/foo'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = '/'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info_highorder(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path',\n                         path_info=text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8'))\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info_regex(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path',\n                         path_info=text_(br'/La Pe\\w*', 'utf-8'))\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_request_param(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', request_param='abc')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_custom_predicates(self):\n        import warnings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request): pass\n        def pred2(context, request): pass\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_route('name', 'path', custom_predicates=(pred1, pred2))\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 2)\n        self.assertEqual(len(route.predicates), 2)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_header(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', header='Host')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'example.com'}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_accept(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', accept='text/xml')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/xml']\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/html']\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_no_pattern_with_path(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', path='path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n\n    def test_add_route_no_path_no_pattern(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_route, 'name')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_pregenerator(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'pattern', pregenerator='123')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'pattern')\n        self.assertEqual(route.pregenerator, '123')\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_attr(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_attr='abc')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_context=DummyContext)\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_permission='edit')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_renderer='json')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 179,
                            "end_lineno": 189,
                            "parent": {
                                "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_routes.py",
                                "type": "class",
                                "name": "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests",
                                "content": "class RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        return config\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def test_get_routes_mapper_not_yet_registered(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        mapper = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(mapper.routelist, [])\n\n    def test_get_routes_mapper_already_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        mapper = object()\n        config.registry.registerUtility(mapper, IRoutesMapper)\n        result = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_add_route_defaults(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_route_prefix(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.route_prefix = 'root'\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'root/path')\n\n    def test_add_route_discriminator(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(config.action_state.actions[-1]['discriminator'],\n                         ('route', 'name'))\n\n    def test_add_route_with_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        factory = object()\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', factory=factory)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(route.factory, factory)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_static(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path/{foo}', static=True)\n        mapper = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(len(mapper.get_routes()), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(mapper.generate('name', {\"foo\":\"a\"}), '/path/a')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_factory_dottedname(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route(\n            'name', 'path',\n            factory='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummyfactory')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(route.factory, dummyfactory)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_xhr(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', xhr=True)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_request_method(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', request_method='GET')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', path_info='/foo')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = '/foo'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = '/'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info_highorder(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path',\n                         path_info=text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8'))\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info_regex(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path',\n                         path_info=text_(br'/La Pe\\w*', 'utf-8'))\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_request_param(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', request_param='abc')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_custom_predicates(self):\n        import warnings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request): pass\n        def pred2(context, request): pass\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_route('name', 'path', custom_predicates=(pred1, pred2))\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 2)\n        self.assertEqual(len(route.predicates), 2)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_header(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', header='Host')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'example.com'}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_accept(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', accept='text/xml')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/xml']\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/html']\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_no_pattern_with_path(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', path='path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n\n    def test_add_route_no_path_no_pattern(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_route, 'name')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_pregenerator(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'pattern', pregenerator='123')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'pattern')\n        self.assertEqual(route.pregenerator, '123')\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_attr(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_attr='abc')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_context=DummyContext)\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_permission='edit')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_renderer='json')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError",
                                "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                                "start_lineno": 7,
                                "end_lineno": 245,
                                "parent": null
                            }
                        }
                    ],
                    "added_entities": [
                        {
                            "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_routes.py",
                            "type": "method",
                            "name": "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_with_accept_list",
                            "content": "class RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        return config\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def test_get_routes_mapper_not_yet_registered(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        mapper = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(mapper.routelist, [])\n\n    def test_get_routes_mapper_already_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        mapper = object()\n        config.registry.registerUtility(mapper, IRoutesMapper)\n        result = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_add_route_defaults(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_route_prefix(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.route_prefix = 'root'\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'root/path')\n\n    def test_add_route_discriminator(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(config.action_state.actions[-1]['discriminator'],\n                         ('route', 'name'))\n\n    def test_add_route_with_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        factory = object()\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', factory=factory)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(route.factory, factory)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_static(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path/{foo}', static=True)\n        mapper = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(len(mapper.get_routes()), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(mapper.generate('name', {\"foo\":\"a\"}), '/path/a')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_factory_dottedname(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route(\n            'name', 'path',\n            factory='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummyfactory')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(route.factory, dummyfactory)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_xhr(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', xhr=True)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_request_method(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', request_method='GET')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', path_info='/foo')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = '/foo'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = '/'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info_highorder(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path',\n                         path_info=text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8'))\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info_regex(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path',\n                         path_info=text_(br'/La Pe\\w*', 'utf-8'))\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_request_param(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', request_param='abc')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_custom_predicates(self):\n        import warnings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request): pass\n        def pred2(context, request): pass\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_route('name', 'path', custom_predicates=(pred1, pred2))\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 2)\n        self.assertEqual(len(route.predicates), 2)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_header(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', header='Host')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'example.com'}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_accept(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', accept='text/xml')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/xml')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_accept_list(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', accept=['text/xml', 'text/plain'])\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/xml')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/plain')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_no_pattern_with_path(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', path='path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n\n    def test_add_route_no_path_no_pattern(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_route, 'name')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_pregenerator(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'pattern', pregenerator='123')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'pattern')\n        self.assertEqual(route.pregenerator, '123')\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_attr(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_attr='abc')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_context=DummyContext)\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_permission='edit')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_renderer='json')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 191,
                            "end_lineno": 204,
                            "parent": {
                                "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_routes.py",
                                "type": "class",
                                "name": "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests",
                                "content": "class RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        return config\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def test_get_routes_mapper_not_yet_registered(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        mapper = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(mapper.routelist, [])\n\n    def test_get_routes_mapper_already_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        mapper = object()\n        config.registry.registerUtility(mapper, IRoutesMapper)\n        result = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_add_route_defaults(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_route_prefix(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.route_prefix = 'root'\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'root/path')\n\n    def test_add_route_discriminator(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(config.action_state.actions[-1]['discriminator'],\n                         ('route', 'name'))\n\n    def test_add_route_with_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        factory = object()\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', factory=factory)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(route.factory, factory)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_static(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path/{foo}', static=True)\n        mapper = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(len(mapper.get_routes()), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(mapper.generate('name', {\"foo\":\"a\"}), '/path/a')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_factory_dottedname(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route(\n            'name', 'path',\n            factory='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummyfactory')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(route.factory, dummyfactory)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_xhr(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', xhr=True)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_request_method(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', request_method='GET')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', path_info='/foo')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = '/foo'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = '/'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info_highorder(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path',\n                         path_info=text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8'))\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info_regex(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path',\n                         path_info=text_(br'/La Pe\\w*', 'utf-8'))\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_request_param(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', request_param='abc')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_custom_predicates(self):\n        import warnings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request): pass\n        def pred2(context, request): pass\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_route('name', 'path', custom_predicates=(pred1, pred2))\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 2)\n        self.assertEqual(len(route.predicates), 2)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_header(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', header='Host')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'example.com'}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_accept(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', accept='text/xml')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/xml')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_accept_list(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', accept=['text/xml', 'text/plain'])\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/xml')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/plain')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_no_pattern_with_path(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', path='path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n\n    def test_add_route_no_path_no_pattern(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_route, 'name')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_pregenerator(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'pattern', pregenerator='123')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'pattern')\n        self.assertEqual(route.pregenerator, '123')\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_attr(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_attr='abc')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_context=DummyContext)\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_permission='edit')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_renderer='json')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError",
                                "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                                "start_lineno": 7,
                                "end_lineno": 260,
                                "parent": null
                            }
                        }
                    ],
                    "deleted_entities": []
                },
                {
                    "descriptor": {
                        "old_range": {
                            "start": 253,
                            "length": 3
                        },
                        "new_range": {
                            "start": 268,
                            "length": 14
                        },
                        "section": "class DummyRequest:"
                    },
                    "line_group": {
                        "all_lines": [
                            {
                                "content": "        self.environ = environ",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.params = {}",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.cookies = {}",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "class DummyAccept(object):",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    def __init__(self, *matches):",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.matches = list(matches)",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    def acceptable_offers(self, offers):",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        results = []",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        for match in self.matches:",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "            if match in offers:",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                results.append((match, 1.0))",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        return results",
                                "type": "added"
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    "modified_entities": [],
                    "added_entities": [
                        {
                            "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_routes.py",
                            "type": "class",
                            "name": "DummyAccept",
                            "content": "class DummyAccept(object):\n    def __init__(self, *matches):\n        self.matches = list(matches)\n\n    def acceptable_offers(self, offers):\n        results = []\n        for match in self.matches:\n            if match in offers:\n                results.append((match, 1.0))\n        return results",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 272,
                            "end_lineno": 281,
                            "parent": null
                        },
                        {
                            "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_routes.py",
                            "type": "method",
                            "name": "DummyAccept.__init__",
                            "content": "class DummyAccept(object):\n    def __init__(self, *matches):\n        self.matches = list(matches)\n\n    def acceptable_offers(self, offers):\n        results = []\n        for match in self.matches:\n            if match in offers:\n                results.append((match, 1.0))\n        return results",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 273,
                            "end_lineno": 274,
                            "parent": {
                                "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_routes.py",
                                "type": "class",
                                "name": "DummyAccept",
                                "content": "class DummyAccept(object):\n    def __init__(self, *matches):\n        self.matches = list(matches)\n\n    def acceptable_offers(self, offers):\n        results = []\n        for match in self.matches:\n            if match in offers:\n                results.append((match, 1.0))\n        return results",
                                "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                                "start_lineno": 272,
                                "end_lineno": 281,
                                "parent": null
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_routes.py",
                            "type": "method",
                            "name": "DummyAccept.acceptable_offers",
                            "content": "class DummyAccept(object):\n    def __init__(self, *matches):\n        self.matches = list(matches)\n\n    def acceptable_offers(self, offers):\n        results = []\n        for match in self.matches:\n            if match in offers:\n                results.append((match, 1.0))\n        return results",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 276,
                            "end_lineno": 281,
                            "parent": {
                                "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_routes.py",
                                "type": "class",
                                "name": "DummyAccept",
                                "content": "class DummyAccept(object):\n    def __init__(self, *matches):\n        self.matches = list(matches)\n\n    def acceptable_offers(self, offers):\n        results = []\n        for match in self.matches:\n            if match in offers:\n                results.append((match, 1.0))\n        return results",
                                "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                                "start_lineno": 272,
                                "end_lineno": 281,
                                "parent": null
                            }
                        }
                    ],
                    "deleted_entities": []
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "old_file_content": "import os\nimport unittest\nfrom pyramid import testing\n\nfrom pyramid.tests.test_config import IDummy\n\nfrom pyramid.tests.test_config import dummy_view\n\nfrom pyramid.compat import (\n    im_func,\n    text_,\n    )\nfrom pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\nfrom pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationExecutionError\nfrom pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationConflictError\n\nclass TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=False)\n        return config\n\n    def _getViewCallable(self, config, ctx_iface=None, exc_iface=None,\n                         request_iface=None, name=''):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        if exc_iface:\n            classifier = IExceptionViewClassifier\n            ctx_iface = exc_iface\n        else:\n            classifier = IViewClassifier\n        if ctx_iface is None:\n            ctx_iface = Interface\n        if request_iface is None:\n            request_iface = IRequest\n        return config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (classifier, request_iface, ctx_iface), IView, name=name,\n            default=None)\n\n    def _registerRenderer(self, config, name='.txt'):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRendererFactory\n        class Renderer:\n            def __init__(self, info):\n                self.__class__.info = info\n            def __call__(self, *arg):\n                return b'Hello!'\n        config.registry.registerUtility(Renderer, IRendererFactory, name=name)\n        return Renderer\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def _assertNotFound(self, wrapper, *arg):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, *arg)\n\n    def _getRouteRequestIface(self, config, name):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        iface = config.registry.getUtility(IRouteRequest, name)\n        return iface\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_no_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_and_route_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view, view, '', None,\n                          None, True, True)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view,\n                        request_type='pyramid.interfaces.IRequest',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n        directlyProvides(request, IRequest)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_with_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self._registerRenderer(config, name='dummy')\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_introspector_missing(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.introspector = None\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_no_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertFalse(('renderer factories', '.pt') in\n                         introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_with_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector(True)\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        def dummy_factory(helper):\n            return lambda val, system_vals: 'Hello!'\n        config.add_renderer('.pt', dummy_factory)\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertTrue(\n            ('renderer factories', '.pt') in introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_wrapped_view_is_decorated(self):\n        def view(request): # request-only wrapper\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__module__, view.__module__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, view.__name__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__discriminator__(None, None).resolve()[0],\n                         'view')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, name='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name='abc')\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name_unicode(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        name = text_(b'La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        config.add_view(view=view, name=name, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name=name)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=view_wrapper,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator_tuple(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper1(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped1' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        def view_wrapper2(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped2' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=(view_wrapper2, view_wrapper1),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'wrapped2wrapped1OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_http_cache(self):\n        import datetime\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        response = Response('OK')\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return response\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, http_cache=(86400, {'public':True}))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        request = testing.DummyRequest()\n        when = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, response)\n        headers = dict(response.headerlist)\n        self.assertEqual(headers['Cache-Control'], 'max-age=86400, public')\n        expires = parse_httpdate(headers['Expires'])\n        assert_similar_datetime(expires, when)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.context = context\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view,  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for__as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_class(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_iface(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_trumps_for(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, for_=Foo, view=view,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_mixed_case_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/HTML', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views.items()),1)\n        self.assertFalse('text/HTML' in wrapper.media_views)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_views_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views['text/html']), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_mulview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in hot_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(hot_wrapper.views), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_context_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        class ISuper(Interface):\n            pass\n        class ISub(ISuper):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, ISuper), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=ISub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISuper,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISub,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_exception_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        class Super(Exception):\n            pass\n        class Sub(Super):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=Sub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_call_ordering(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'view2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'view3'\n        def view4(context, request): return 'view4'\n        def view5(context, request): return 'view5'\n        def view6(context, request): return 'view6'\n        def view7(context, request): return 'view7'\n        def view8(context, request): return 'view8'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='POST', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view3,request_param='param', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view4, containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view5, request_method='POST',\n                        request_param='param',  renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view6, request_method='POST', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view7, request_param='param', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view8, request_method='POST',request_param='param',\n                        containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n\n\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view1')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view2')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view3')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view4')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view5')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view6')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view7')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view8')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n        config.add_view(unknown, route_name='root', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate_with_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n\n        config.add_view(\n            unknown,\n            route_name='root',\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=('POST',),\n            xhr=True,\n        )\n\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview___discriminator__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        class IFoo(Interface):\n            pass\n        class IBar(Interface):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IFoo)\n        class Foo(object):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IBar)\n        class Bar(object):\n            pass\n        foo = Foo()\n        bar = Bar()\n\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IFoo)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IBar)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertNotEqual(\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(foo, request),\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(bar, request),\n            )\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_renderer(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(request_type=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, None)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        directlyProvides(request, IDummy)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_noniface(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_view, view, '', None, None, object)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        self.assertNotEqual(request_iface, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper, None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_nonexistant_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationExecutionError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name_exception(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper_exc_view, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('GET', 'POST'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'HEAD'))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_get_implies_head(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'HEAD'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, header='Host:a\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'whatever'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NotHost':'whatever'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'abc'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_missing(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NoHost':'1'}\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/xml']\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/html']\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, context, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            containment='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, path_info='\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/foo')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_check_csrf_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, check_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = \"POST\"\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        request.POST = {'csrf_token': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return True\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates,\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_nomatch(self):\n        import warnings\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return False\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_predicate_bests_standard_predicate(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=(pred1,),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n            config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_more_preds_first_bests_fewer_preds_last(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', xhr=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_same_predicates(self):\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'second'\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'first'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view1)\n        config.add_view(view=view2)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_param(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf='st', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {'st': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {'X-CSRF-Token': 'foo'}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_missing_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request): return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: view(None, request))\n\n    def test_add_view_with_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, permission='view', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               default_permission='view',\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_no_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class DummyPolicy(object): pass # wont be called\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class Mapper(object):\n            def __init__(self, **kw):\n                self.__class__.kw = kw\n            def __call__(self, view):\n                return view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=view, mapper=Mapper, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, None), 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(Mapper.kw['mapper'], Mapper)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_kwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view='pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_nonkwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_doesnt_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IFactory'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.commit() # does not raise\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_conflicts(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_class_method_no_attr(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class DummyViewClass(object):\n            def run(self): pass\n\n        def configure_view():\n            config.add_view(view=DummyViewClass.run, renderer=null_renderer)\n\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, configure_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_no_regular_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertTrue(view is None)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertEqual(view1, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_misconfiguration(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class NotAnException(object):\n            pass\n        self.assertRaises(\n            ConfigurationError,\n            config.add_view, view, context=NotAnException, exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = Exception()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_subclass(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, context=ValueError,\n                                  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(ValueError))\n        context = ValueError()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_exception_only(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment': 'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(\n            view=view,\n            context=Exception,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_derive_view_function(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is dummy_view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_no_explicit_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return 'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.commit()\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        result = config.derive_view(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None).body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_with_explicit_renderer(self):\n        class moo(object): pass\n        class foo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'foo'\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_renderer('foo', foo)\n        config.commit()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer='foo')\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request).body, b'foo')\n\n    def test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_type = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, '__static/')\n        self._assertRoute(config, '__static/', 'static/*subpath')\n        wrapped = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, request_type, Interface), IView, name='')\n        from pyramid.request import Request\n        request = Request.blank('/static/minimal.txt')\n        request.subpath = ('minimal.txt', )\n        result = wrapped(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.status, '200 OK')\n        self.assertTrue(result.body.startswith(b'<div'))\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static',\n                               'pyramid.tests.test_config:files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_absolute(self):\n        import os\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n        static_path = os.path.join(here, 'files')\n        config.add_static_view('static', static_path)\n        self.assertEqual(info.added,\n                         [(config, 'static', static_path, {})])\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config.add_forbidden_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_forbidden_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPForbidden()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: arg\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, (None, request))\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_notfound_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPNotFound()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_notfound_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPTemporaryRedirect, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPTemporaryRedirect))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash_custom_response(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPMovedPermanently, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=HTTPMovedPermanently\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPMovedPermanently))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    # Since Python 3 has to be all cool and fancy and different...\n    def _assertBody(self, response, value):\n        from pyramid.compat import text_type\n        if isinstance(value, text_type):  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.text, value)\n        else:  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.body, value)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        mapper = object()\n        config.set_view_mapper(mapper)\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.set_view_mapper('pyramid.tests.test_config')\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        self.assertEqual(result, test_config)\n\n    def test_add_normal_and_exception_view_intr_derived_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        view = lambda r: 'OK'\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=True)\n        config.add_view(view, context=Exception, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view_intr = introspector.introspectables[-1]\n        self.assertTrue(view_intr.type_name, 'view')\n        self.assertEqual(view_intr['callable'], view)\n        derived_view = view_intr['derived_callable']\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.scheme = 'http'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: derived_view(None, request))\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        self.assertEqual(derived_view(None, request), 'OK')\n\nclass Test_runtime_exc_view(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, view1, view2):\n        from pyramid.config.views import runtime_exc_view\n        return runtime_exc_view(view1, view2)\n\n    def test_call(self):\n        def view1(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        result_view = self._makeOne(view1, view2)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        result = result_view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_call_dispatches_on_exception(self):\n        def view1(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK'\n        result_view = self._makeOne(view1, view2)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        result = result_view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_permitted(self):\n        def errfn(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        def view1(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        view1.__permitted__ = lambda c, r: 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        view2.__permitted__ = errfn\n        result_view = self._makeOne(view1, view2)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        result = result_view.__permitted__(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_permitted_dispatches_on_exception(self):\n        def errfn(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        def view1(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        view1.__permitted__ = errfn\n        def view2(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        view2.__permitted__ = lambda c, r: 'OK'\n        result_view = self._makeOne(view1, view2)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        result = result_view.__permitted__(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\nclass Test_requestonly(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _callFUT(self, view, attr=None):\n        from pyramid.config.views import requestonly\n        return requestonly(view, attr=attr)\n\n    def test_defaults(self):\n        def aview(request, a=1, b=2): pass\n        self.assertTrue(self._callFUT(aview))\n\n    def test_otherattr(self):\n        class AView(object):\n            def __init__(self, request, a=1, b=2): pass\n            def bleh(self): pass\n        self.assertTrue(self._callFUT(AView, 'bleh'))\n\nclass Test_isexception(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _callFUT(self, ob):\n        from pyramid.config.views import isexception\n        return isexception(ob)\n\n    def test_is_exception_instance(self):\n        class E(Exception):\n            pass\n        e = E()\n        self.assertEqual(self._callFUT(e), True)\n\n    def test_is_exception_class(self):\n        class E(Exception):\n            pass\n        self.assertEqual(self._callFUT(E), True)\n\n    def test_is_IException(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IException\n        self.assertEqual(self._callFUT(IException), True)\n\n    def test_is_IException_subinterface(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IException\n        class ISubException(IException):\n            pass\n        self.assertEqual(self._callFUT(ISubException), True)\n\nclass TestMultiView(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _getTargetClass(self):\n        from pyramid.config.views import MultiView\n        return MultiView\n\n    def _makeOne(self, name='name'):\n        return self._getTargetClass()(name)\n\n    def test_class_implements_ISecuredView(self):\n        from zope.interface.verify import verifyClass\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        verifyClass(ISecuredView, self._getTargetClass())\n\n    def test_instance_implements_ISecuredView(self):\n        from zope.interface.verify import verifyObject\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        verifyObject(ISecuredView, self._makeOne())\n\n    def test_add(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add('view', 100)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view2', 99)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view3', 100, 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'], [(100, 'view3', None)])\n        mv.add('view4', 99, 'text/html', 'abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, 'view4', 'abc'), (100, 'view3', None)])\n        mv.add('view5', 100, 'text/xml')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/xml'], [(100, 'view5', None)])\n        self.assertEqual(set(mv.accepts), set(['text/xml', 'text/html']))\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view6', 98, 'text/*')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(98, 'view6', None),\n                                    (99, 'view2', None),\n                                    (100, 'view', None)])\n\n    def test_add_with_phash(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc')])\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc')])\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='def')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc'),\n                                    (100, 'view', 'def')])\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc'),\n                                    (100, 'view', 'def')])\n\n    def test_add_with_phash_override_accept(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view1(): pass\n        def view2(): pass\n        def view3(): pass\n        mv.add(view1, 100, accept='text/html', phash='abc')\n        mv.add(view2, 100, accept='text/html', phash='abc')\n        mv.add(view3, 99, accept='text/html', phash='def')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, view3, 'def'), (100, view2, 'abc')])\n\n    def test_add_with_phash_override_accept2(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view1(): pass\n        def view2(): pass\n        def view3(): pass\n        mv.add(view1, 100, accept='text/html', phash='abc')\n        mv.add(view2, 100, accept='text/html', phash='def')\n        mv.add(view3, 99, accept='text/html', phash='ghi')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, view3, 'ghi'),\n                          (100, view1, 'abc'),\n                          (100, view2, 'def')]\n                         )\n\n    def test_multiple_with_functions_as_views(self):\n        # this failed on py3 at one point, because functions aren't orderable\n        # and we were sorting the views via a plain sort() rather than\n        # sort(key=itemgetter(0)).\n        def view1(request): pass\n        def view2(request): pass\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add(view1, 100, None)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, view1, None)])\n        mv.add(view2, 100, None)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, view1, None), (100, view2, None)])\n\n    def test_get_views_request_has_no_accept(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), mv.views)\n\n    def test_get_views_no_self_accepts(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = True\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.accepts = []\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), mv.views)\n\n    def test_get_views(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.accepts = ['text/html']\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        html_views = [(98, lambda *arg: None)]\n        mv.media_views['text/html'] = html_views\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), html_views + mv.views)\n\n    def test_get_views_best_match_returns_None(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept(None)\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.accepts = ['text/html']\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), mv.views)\n\n    def test_match_not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv.match, context, request)\n\n    def test_match_predicate_fails(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        view.__predicated__ = lambda *arg: False\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv.match, context, request)\n\n    def test_match_predicate_succeeds(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        view.__predicated__ = lambda *arg: True\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        result = mv.match(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, view)\n\n    def test_permitted_no_views(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv.__permitted__, context, request)\n\n    def test_permitted_no_match_with__permitted__(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.__permitted__(None, None), True)\n\n    def test_permitted(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        def permitted(context, request):\n            return False\n        view.__permitted__ = permitted\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        result = mv.__permitted__(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, False)\n\n    def test__call__not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv, context, request)\n\n    def test___call__intermediate_not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view1(context, request):\n            raise PredicateMismatch\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view1, None), (99, view2, None)]\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test___call__raise_not_found_isnt_interpreted_as_pred_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        def view1(context, request):\n            raise  HTTPNotFound\n        def view2(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        mv.views = [(100, view1, None), (99, view2, None)]\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv, context, request)\n\n    def test___call__(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test__call_permissive__not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv, context, request)\n\n    def test___call_permissive_has_call_permissive(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        def permissive(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        view.__call_permissive__ = permissive\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        response = mv.__call_permissive__(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test___call_permissive_has_no_call_permissive(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        response = mv.__call_permissive__(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test__call__with_accept_match(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/xml')\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, None)]\n        mv.media_views['text/xml'] = [(100, view, None)]\n        mv.accepts = ['text/xml']\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test__call__with_accept_miss(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/plain', 'text/html')\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        mv.media_views['text/xml'] = [(100, None, None)]\n        mv.accepts = ['text/xml']\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n\n\nclass TestDefaultViewMapper(unittest.TestCase):\n    def setUp(self):\n        self.config = testing.setUp()\n        self.registry = self.config.registry\n\n    def tearDown(self):\n        del self.registry\n        testing.tearDown()\n\n    def _makeOne(self, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config.views import DefaultViewMapper\n        kw['registry'] = self.registry\n        return DefaultViewMapper(**kw)\n\n    def _makeRequest(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = self.registry\n        return request\n\n    def test_view_as_function_context_and_request(self):\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertTrue(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test__view_as_function_with_attr(self):\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='__name__')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(TypeError, result, None, request)\n\n    def test_view_as_function_requestonly(self):\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_function_requestonly_with_attr(self):\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='__name__')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(TypeError, result, None, request)\n\n    def test_view_as_newstyle_class_context_and_request(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_newstyle_class_context_and_request_with_attr(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                pass\n            def index(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='index')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_newstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_newstyle_class_requestonly_with_attr(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def index(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='index')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_oldstyle_class_context_and_request(self):\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_oldstyle_class_context_and_request_with_attr(self):\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                pass\n            def index(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='index')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly_with_attr(self):\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def index(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='index')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_instance_context_and_request(self):\n        class View:\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertTrue(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_instance_context_and_request_and_attr(self):\n        class View:\n            def index(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='index')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_instance_requestonly(self):\n        class View:\n            def __call__(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_instance_requestonly_with_attr(self):\n        class View:\n            def index(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='index')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\nclass Test_preserve_view_attrs(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _callFUT(self, view, wrapped_view):\n        from pyramid.config.views import preserve_view_attrs\n        return preserve_view_attrs(view, wrapped_view)\n\n    def test_it_same(self):\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        result = self._callFUT(view, view)\n        self.assertTrue(result is view)\n\n    def test_it_view_is_None(self):\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        result = self._callFUT(None, view)\n        self.assertTrue(result is view)\n\n    def test_it_different_with_existing_original_view(self):\n        def view1(context, request): pass\n        view1.__original_view__ = 'abc'\n        def view2(context, request): pass\n        result = self._callFUT(view1, view2)\n        self.assertEqual(result.__original_view__, 'abc')\n        self.assertFalse(result is view1)\n\n    def test_it_different(self):\n        class DummyView1:\n            \"\"\" 1 \"\"\"\n            __name__ = '1'\n            __module__ = '1'\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n            def __call_permissive__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n            def __predicated__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n            def __permitted__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        class DummyView2:\n            \"\"\" 2 \"\"\"\n            __name__ = '2'\n            __module__ = '2'\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n            def __call_permissive__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n            def __predicated__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n            def __permitted__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        view1 = DummyView1()\n        view2 = DummyView2()\n        result = self._callFUT(view2, view1)\n        self.assertEqual(result, view1)\n        self.assertTrue(view1.__original_view__ is view2)\n        self.assertTrue(view1.__doc__ is view2.__doc__)\n        self.assertTrue(view1.__module__ is view2.__module__)\n        self.assertTrue(view1.__name__ is view2.__name__)\n        self.assertTrue(getattr(view1.__call_permissive__, im_func) is\n                        getattr(view2.__call_permissive__, im_func))\n        self.assertTrue(getattr(view1.__permitted__, im_func) is\n                        getattr(view2.__permitted__, im_func))\n        self.assertTrue(getattr(view1.__predicated__, im_func) is\n                        getattr(view2.__predicated__, im_func))\n\n\nclass TestStaticURLInfo(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _getTargetClass(self):\n        from pyramid.config.views import StaticURLInfo\n        return StaticURLInfo\n\n    def _makeOne(self):\n        return self._getTargetClass()()\n\n    def _makeRequest(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = DummyRegistry()\n        return request\n\n    def test_verifyClass(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        from zope.interface.verify import verifyClass\n        verifyClass(IStaticURLInfo, self._getTargetClass())\n\n    def test_verifyObject(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        from zope.interface.verify import verifyObject\n        verifyObject(IStaticURLInfo, self._makeOne())\n\n    def test_generate_missing(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, inst.generate, 'path', request)\n\n    def test_generate_registration_miss(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [\n            (None, 'spec', 'route_name'),\n            ('http://example.com/foo/', 'package:path/', None)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/abc', request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/foo/abc')\n\n    def test_generate_slash_in_name1(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [('http://example.com/foo/', 'package:path/', None)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/abc', request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/foo/abc')\n\n    def test_generate_slash_in_name2(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [('http://example.com/foo/', 'package:path/', None)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/', request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/foo/')\n\n    def test_generate_quoting(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        config = testing.setUp()\n        try:\n            config.add_static_view('images', path='mypkg:templates')\n            request = testing.DummyRequest()\n            request.registry = config.registry\n            inst = config.registry.getUtility(IStaticURLInfo)\n            result = inst.generate('mypkg:templates/foo%2Fbar', request)\n            self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/images/foo%252Fbar')\n        finally:\n            testing.tearDown()\n\n    def test_generate_route_url(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [(None, 'package:path/', '__viewname/')]\n        def route_url(n, **kw):\n            self.assertEqual(n, '__viewname/')\n            self.assertEqual(kw, {'subpath':'abc', 'a':1})\n            return 'url'\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        request.route_url = route_url\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/abc', request, a=1)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'url')\n\n    def test_generate_url_unquoted_local(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [(None, 'package:path/', '__viewname/')]\n        def route_url(n, **kw):\n            self.assertEqual(n, '__viewname/')\n            self.assertEqual(kw, {'subpath':'abc def', 'a':1})\n            return 'url'\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        request.route_url = route_url\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/abc def', request, a=1)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'url')\n\n    def test_generate_url_quoted_remote(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [('http://example.com/', 'package:path/', None)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/abc def', request, a=1)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/abc%20def')\n\n    def test_generate_url_with_custom_query(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        registrations = [('http://example.com/', 'package:path/', None)]\n        inst.registrations = registrations\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/abc def', request, a=1,\n                               _query='(openlayers)')\n        self.assertEqual(result,\n                         'http://example.com/abc%20def?(openlayers)')\n\n    def test_generate_url_with_custom_anchor(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [('http://example.com/', 'package:path/', None)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        uc = text_(b'La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/abc def', request, a=1, _anchor=uc)\n        self.assertEqual(result,\n                         'http://example.com/abc%20def#La%20Pe%C3%B1a')\n\n    def test_generate_url_cachebust(self):\n        def cachebust(request, subpath, kw):\n            kw['foo'] = 'bar'\n            return 'foo' + '/' + subpath, kw\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [(None, 'package:path/', '__viewname')]\n        inst.cache_busters = [('package:path/', cachebust, False)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        called = [False]\n        def route_url(n, **kw):\n            called[0] = True\n            self.assertEqual(n, '__viewname')\n            self.assertEqual(kw, {'subpath': 'foo/abc', 'foo': 'bar',\n                                  'pathspec': 'package:path/abc',\n                                  'rawspec': 'package:path/abc'})\n        request.route_url = route_url\n        inst.generate('package:path/abc', request)\n        self.assertTrue(called[0])\n\n    def test_generate_url_cachebust_abspath(self):\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__) + os.sep\n        def cachebust(pathspec, subpath, kw):\n            kw['foo'] = 'bar'\n            return 'foo' + '/' + subpath, kw\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [(None, here, '__viewname')]\n        inst.cache_busters = [(here, cachebust, False)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        called = [False]\n        def route_url(n, **kw):\n            called[0] = True\n            self.assertEqual(n, '__viewname')\n            self.assertEqual(kw, {'subpath': 'foo/abc', 'foo': 'bar',\n                                  'pathspec': here + 'abc',\n                                  'rawspec': here + 'abc'})\n        request.route_url = route_url\n        inst.generate(here + 'abc', request)\n        self.assertTrue(called[0])\n\n    def test_generate_url_cachebust_nomatch(self):\n        def fake_cb(*a, **kw): raise AssertionError\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [(None, 'package:path/', '__viewname')]\n        inst.cache_busters = [('package:path2/', fake_cb, False)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        called = [False]\n        def route_url(n, **kw):\n            called[0] = True\n            self.assertEqual(n, '__viewname')\n            self.assertEqual(kw, {'subpath': 'abc',\n                                  'pathspec': 'package:path/abc',\n                                  'rawspec': 'package:path/abc'})\n        request.route_url = route_url\n        inst.generate('package:path/abc', request)\n        self.assertTrue(called[0])\n\n    def test_generate_url_cachebust_with_overrides(self):\n        config = testing.setUp()\n        try:\n            request = testing.DummyRequest()\n            config.add_static_view('static', 'path')\n            config.override_asset(\n                'pyramid.tests.test_config:path/',\n                'pyramid.tests.test_config:other_path/')\n            def cb(val):\n                def cb_(request, subpath, kw):\n                    kw['_query'] = {'x': val}\n                    return subpath, kw\n                return cb_\n            config.add_cache_buster('path', cb('foo'))\n            result = request.static_url('path/foo.png')\n            self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=foo')\n            config.add_cache_buster('other_path', cb('bar'), explicit=True)\n            result = request.static_url('path/foo.png')\n            self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=bar')\n        finally:\n            testing.tearDown()\n\n    def test_add_already_exists(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [('http://example.com/', 'package:path/', None)]\n        inst.add(config, 'http://example.com', 'anotherpackage:path')\n        expected = [('http://example.com/', 'anotherpackage:path/', None)]\n        self.assertEqual(inst.registrations, expected)\n\n    def test_add_package_root(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'http://example.com', 'package:')\n        expected = [('http://example.com/', 'package:', None)]\n        self.assertEqual(inst.registrations, expected)\n\n    def test_add_url_withendslash(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'http://example.com/', 'anotherpackage:path')\n        expected = [('http://example.com/', 'anotherpackage:path/', None)]\n        self.assertEqual(inst.registrations, expected)\n\n    def test_add_url_noendslash(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'http://example.com', 'anotherpackage:path')\n        expected = [('http://example.com/', 'anotherpackage:path/', None)]\n        self.assertEqual(inst.registrations, expected)\n\n    def test_add_url_noscheme(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, '//example.com', 'anotherpackage:path')\n        expected = [('//example.com/', 'anotherpackage:path/', None)]\n        self.assertEqual(inst.registrations, expected)\n\n    def test_add_viewname(self):\n        from pyramid.security import NO_PERMISSION_REQUIRED\n        from pyramid.static import static_view\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'view', 'anotherpackage:path', cache_max_age=1)\n        expected = [(None, 'anotherpackage:path/', '__view/')]\n        self.assertEqual(inst.registrations, expected)\n        self.assertEqual(config.route_args, ('__view/', 'view/*subpath'))\n        self.assertEqual(config.view_kw['permission'], NO_PERMISSION_REQUIRED)\n        self.assertEqual(config.view_kw['view'].__class__, static_view)\n\n    def test_add_viewname_with_route_prefix(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        config.route_prefix = '/abc'\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'view', 'anotherpackage:path',)\n        expected = [(None, 'anotherpackage:path/', '__/abc/view/')]\n        self.assertEqual(inst.registrations, expected)\n        self.assertEqual(config.route_args, ('__/abc/view/', 'view/*subpath'))\n\n    def test_add_viewname_with_permission(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'view', 'anotherpackage:path', cache_max_age=1,\n                 permission='abc')\n        self.assertEqual(config.view_kw['permission'], 'abc')\n\n    def test_add_viewname_with_context(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'view', 'anotherpackage:path', cache_max_age=1,\n                 context=DummyContext)\n        self.assertEqual(config.view_kw['context'], DummyContext)\n\n    def test_add_viewname_with_for_(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'view', 'anotherpackage:path', cache_max_age=1,\n                 for_=DummyContext)\n        self.assertEqual(config.view_kw['context'], DummyContext)\n\n    def test_add_viewname_with_renderer(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'view', 'anotherpackage:path', cache_max_age=1,\n                 renderer='mypackage:templates/index.pt')\n        self.assertEqual(config.view_kw['renderer'],\n                         'mypackage:templates/index.pt')\n\n    def test_add_cachebust_prevented(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        config.registry.settings['pyramid.prevent_cachebust'] = True\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        cachebust = DummyCacheBuster('foo')\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path', cachebust)\n        self.assertEqual(inst.cache_busters, [])\n\n    def test_add_cachebuster(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path', DummyCacheBuster('foo'))\n        cachebust = inst.cache_busters[-1][1]\n        subpath, kw = cachebust(None, 'some/path', {})\n        self.assertEqual(subpath, 'some/path')\n        self.assertEqual(kw['x'], 'foo')\n\n    def test_add_cachebuster_abspath(self):\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        cb = DummyCacheBuster('foo')\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, here, cb)\n        self.assertEqual(inst.cache_busters, [(here + os.sep, cb, False)])\n\n    def test_add_cachebuster_overwrite(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        cb1 = DummyCacheBuster('foo')\n        cb2 = DummyCacheBuster('bar')\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path/', cb1)\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path', cb2)\n        self.assertEqual(inst.cache_busters,\n                         [('mypackage:path/', cb2, False)])\n\n    def test_add_cachebuster_overwrite_explicit(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        cb1 = DummyCacheBuster('foo')\n        cb2 = DummyCacheBuster('bar')\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path/', cb1)\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path', cb2, True)\n        self.assertEqual(inst.cache_busters,\n                         [('mypackage:path/', cb1, False),\n                          ('mypackage:path/', cb2, True)])\n\n    def test_add_cachebuster_for_more_specific_path(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        cb1 = DummyCacheBuster('foo')\n        cb2 = DummyCacheBuster('bar')\n        cb3 = DummyCacheBuster('baz')\n        cb4 = DummyCacheBuster('xyz')\n        cb5 = DummyCacheBuster('w')\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path', cb1)\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path/sub', cb2, True)\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path/sub/other', cb3)\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path/sub/other', cb4, True)\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path/sub/less', cb5, True)\n        self.assertEqual(\n            inst.cache_busters,\n            [('mypackage:path/', cb1, False),\n             ('mypackage:path/sub/other/', cb3, False),\n             ('mypackage:path/sub/', cb2, True),\n             ('mypackage:path/sub/less/', cb5, True),\n             ('mypackage:path/sub/other/', cb4, True)])\n\nclass Test_view_description(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _callFUT(self, view):\n        from pyramid.config.views import view_description\n        return view_description(view)\n\n    def test_with_text(self):\n        def view(): pass\n        view.__text__ = 'some text'\n        result = self._callFUT(view)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'some text')\n\n    def test_without_text(self):\n        def view(): pass\n        result = self._callFUT(view)\n        self.assertEqual(result,\n                         'function pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.view')\n\nclass Test_viewdefaults(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, wrapped):\n        from pyramid.decorator import reify\n        return reify(wrapped)\n\n    def test_dunder_attrs_copied(self):\n        from pyramid.config.views import viewdefaults\n        decorator = self._makeOne(viewdefaults)\n        self.assertEqual(decorator.__doc__, viewdefaults.__doc__)\n        self.assertEqual(decorator.__name__, viewdefaults.__name__)\n        self.assertEqual(decorator.__module__, viewdefaults.__module__)\n\n\nclass DummyRegistry:\n    utility = None\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.settings = {}\n\n    def queryUtility(self, type_or_iface, name=None, default=None):\n        return self.utility or default\n\nfrom zope.interface import implementer\nfrom pyramid.interfaces import (\n    IResponse,\n    IRequest,\n    )\n\n@implementer(IResponse)\nclass DummyResponse(object):\n    content_type = None\n    default_content_type = None\n    body = None\n\nclass DummyRequest:\n    subpath = ()\n    matchdict = None\n    request_iface  = IRequest\n    application_url = 'http://example.com/foo'\n\n    def __init__(self, environ=None):\n        if environ is None:\n            environ = {}\n        self.environ = environ\n        self.params = {}\n        self.cookies = {}\n        self.response = DummyResponse()\n\nclass DummyContext:\n    pass\n\nclass DummyAccept(object):\n    def __init__(self, *matches):\n        self.matches = list(matches)\n\n    def best_match(self, offered):\n        if self.matches:\n            for match in self.matches:\n                if match in offered:\n                    self.matches.remove(match)\n                    return match\n    def __contains__(self, val):\n        return val in self.matches\n\nclass DummyConfig:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.registry = DummyRegistry()\n\n    route_prefix = ''\n    def add_route(self, *args, **kw):\n        self.route_args = args\n        self.route_kw = kw\n\n    def add_view(self, *args, **kw):\n        self.view_args = args\n        self.view_kw = kw\n\n    def action(self, discriminator, callable, introspectables=()):\n        callable()\n\n    def introspectable(self, *arg):\n        return {}\n\nfrom zope.interface import implementer\nfrom pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n@implementer(IMultiView)\nclass DummyMultiView:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.views = []\n        self.name = 'name'\n    def add(self, view, order, accept=None, phash=None):\n        self.views.append((view, accept, phash))\n    def __call__(self, context, request):\n        return 'OK1'\n    def __permitted__(self, context, request):\n        \"\"\" \"\"\"\n\nclass DummyCacheBuster(object):\n    def __init__(self, token):\n        self.token = token\n\n    def __call__(self, request, subpath, kw):\n        kw['x'] = self.token\n        return subpath, kw\n\ndef parse_httpdate(s):\n    import datetime\n    # cannot use %Z, must use literal GMT; Jython honors timezone\n    # but CPython does not\n    return datetime.datetime.strptime(s, \"%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT\")\n\ndef assert_similar_datetime(one, two):\n    for attr in ('year', 'month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute'):\n        one_attr = getattr(one, attr)\n        two_attr = getattr(two, attr)\n        if not one_attr == two_attr: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError('%r != %r in %s' % (one_attr, two_attr, attr))\n\nclass DummyStaticURLInfo:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.added = []\n\n    def add(self, config, name, spec, **kw):\n        self.added.append((config, name, spec, kw))\n\nclass DummyViewDefaultsClass(object):\n    __view_defaults__ = {\n        'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n        }\n    def __init__(self, request):\n        pass\n    def __call__(self):\n        return 'OK'\n\nclass DummyPredicate(object):\n    def __init__(self, val, config):\n        self.val = val\n\n    def text(self):\n        return 'dummy'\n\n    phash = text\n\nclass DummyIntrospector(object):\n    def __init__(self, getval=None):\n        self.related = []\n        self.introspectables = []\n        self.getval = getval\n    def add(self, introspectable):\n        self.introspectables.append(introspectable)\n    def get(self, name, discrim):\n        return self.getval\n    def relate(self, a, b):\n        self.related.append((a, b))\n\nclass DummySession(dict):\n    def get_csrf_token(self):\n        return self['csrf_token']\n",
            "new_file_content": "import os\nimport unittest\nfrom pyramid import testing\n\nfrom pyramid.tests.test_config import IDummy\n\nfrom pyramid.tests.test_config import dummy_view\n\nfrom pyramid.compat import (\n    im_func,\n    text_,\n    )\nfrom pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\nfrom pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationExecutionError\nfrom pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationConflictError\n\nclass TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=False)\n        return config\n\n    def _getViewCallable(self, config, ctx_iface=None, exc_iface=None,\n                         request_iface=None, name=''):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        if exc_iface:\n            classifier = IExceptionViewClassifier\n            ctx_iface = exc_iface\n        else:\n            classifier = IViewClassifier\n        if ctx_iface is None:\n            ctx_iface = Interface\n        if request_iface is None:\n            request_iface = IRequest\n        return config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (classifier, request_iface, ctx_iface), IView, name=name,\n            default=None)\n\n    def _registerRenderer(self, config, name='.txt'):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRendererFactory\n        class Renderer:\n            def __init__(self, info):\n                self.__class__.info = info\n            def __call__(self, *arg):\n                return b'Hello!'\n        config.registry.registerUtility(Renderer, IRendererFactory, name=name)\n        return Renderer\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def _assertNotFound(self, wrapper, *arg):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, *arg)\n\n    def _getRouteRequestIface(self, config, name):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        iface = config.registry.getUtility(IRouteRequest, name)\n        return iface\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_no_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_and_route_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view, view, '', None,\n                          None, True, True)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view,\n                        request_type='pyramid.interfaces.IRequest',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n        directlyProvides(request, IRequest)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_with_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self._registerRenderer(config, name='dummy')\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_introspector_missing(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.introspector = None\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_no_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertFalse(('renderer factories', '.pt') in\n                         introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_with_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector(True)\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        def dummy_factory(helper):\n            return lambda val, system_vals: 'Hello!'\n        config.add_renderer('.pt', dummy_factory)\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertTrue(\n            ('renderer factories', '.pt') in introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_wrapped_view_is_decorated(self):\n        def view(request): # request-only wrapper\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__module__, view.__module__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, view.__name__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__discriminator__(None, None).resolve()[0],\n                         'view')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, name='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name='abc')\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name_unicode(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        name = text_(b'La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        config.add_view(view=view, name=name, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name=name)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=view_wrapper,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator_tuple(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper1(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped1' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        def view_wrapper2(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped2' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=(view_wrapper2, view_wrapper1),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'wrapped2wrapped1OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_http_cache(self):\n        import datetime\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        response = Response('OK')\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return response\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, http_cache=(86400, {'public':True}))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        request = testing.DummyRequest()\n        when = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, response)\n        headers = dict(response.headerlist)\n        self.assertEqual(headers['Cache-Control'], 'max-age=86400, public')\n        expires = parse_httpdate(headers['Expires'])\n        assert_similar_datetime(expires, when)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.context = context\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view,  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for__as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_class(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_iface(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_trumps_for(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, for_=Foo, view=view,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_mixed_case_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/HTML', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views.items()),1)\n        self.assertFalse('text/HTML' in wrapper.media_views)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_views_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views['text/html']), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_mulview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([(x[0], x[2]) for x in wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([(x[0], x[2]) for x in hot_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([(x[0], x[2]) for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(hot_wrapper.views), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([(x[0], x[2]) for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_context_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        class ISuper(Interface):\n            pass\n        class ISub(ISuper):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, ISuper), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=ISub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISuper,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISub,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_exception_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        class Super(Exception):\n            pass\n        class Sub(Super):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=Sub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_call_ordering(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'view2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'view3'\n        def view4(context, request): return 'view4'\n        def view5(context, request): return 'view5'\n        def view6(context, request): return 'view6'\n        def view7(context, request): return 'view7'\n        def view8(context, request): return 'view8'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='POST', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view3,request_param='param', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view4, containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view5, request_method='POST',\n                        request_param='param',  renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view6, request_method='POST', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view7, request_param='param', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view8, request_method='POST',request_param='param',\n                        containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n\n\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view1')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view2')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view3')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view4')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view5')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view6')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view7')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view8')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n        config.add_view(unknown, route_name='root', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate_with_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n\n        config.add_view(\n            unknown,\n            route_name='root',\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=('POST',),\n            xhr=True,\n        )\n\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview___discriminator__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        class IFoo(Interface):\n            pass\n        class IBar(Interface):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IFoo)\n        class Foo(object):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IBar)\n        class Bar(object):\n            pass\n        foo = Foo()\n        bar = Bar()\n\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IFoo)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IBar)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertNotEqual(\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(foo, request),\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(bar, request),\n            )\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_renderer(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(request_type=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, None)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        directlyProvides(request, IDummy)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_noniface(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_view, view, '', None, None, object)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        self.assertNotEqual(request_iface, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper, None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_nonexistant_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationExecutionError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name_exception(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper_exc_view, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('GET', 'POST'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'HEAD'))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_get_implies_head(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'HEAD'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, header='Host:a\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'whatever'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NotHost':'whatever'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'abc'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_missing(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NoHost':'1'}\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/xml')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, context, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            containment='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, path_info='\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/foo')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_check_csrf_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, check_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = \"POST\"\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        request.POST = {'csrf_token': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return True\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates,\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_nomatch(self):\n        import warnings\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return False\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_predicate_bests_standard_predicate(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=(pred1,),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n            config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_more_preds_first_bests_fewer_preds_last(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', xhr=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_same_predicates(self):\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'second'\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'first'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view1)\n        config.add_view(view=view2)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_param(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf='st', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {'st': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {'X-CSRF-Token': 'foo'}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_missing_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request): return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: view(None, request))\n\n    def test_add_view_with_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, permission='view', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               default_permission='view',\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_no_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class DummyPolicy(object): pass # wont be called\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class Mapper(object):\n            def __init__(self, **kw):\n                self.__class__.kw = kw\n            def __call__(self, view):\n                return view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=view, mapper=Mapper, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, None), 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(Mapper.kw['mapper'], Mapper)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_kwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view='pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_nonkwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_doesnt_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IFactory'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.commit() # does not raise\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_conflicts(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_class_method_no_attr(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class DummyViewClass(object):\n            def run(self): pass\n\n        def configure_view():\n            config.add_view(view=DummyViewClass.run, renderer=null_renderer)\n\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, configure_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_no_regular_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertTrue(view is None)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertEqual(view1, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_misconfiguration(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class NotAnException(object):\n            pass\n        self.assertRaises(\n            ConfigurationError,\n            config.add_view, view, context=NotAnException, exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = Exception()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_subclass(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, context=ValueError,\n                                  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(ValueError))\n        context = ValueError()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_exception_only(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment': 'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(\n            view=view,\n            context=Exception,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_derive_view_function(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is dummy_view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_no_explicit_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return 'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.commit()\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        result = config.derive_view(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None).body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_with_explicit_renderer(self):\n        class moo(object): pass\n        class foo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'foo'\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_renderer('foo', foo)\n        config.commit()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer='foo')\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request).body, b'foo')\n\n    def test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_type = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, '__static/')\n        self._assertRoute(config, '__static/', 'static/*subpath')\n        wrapped = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, request_type, Interface), IView, name='')\n        from pyramid.request import Request\n        request = Request.blank('/static/minimal.txt')\n        request.subpath = ('minimal.txt', )\n        result = wrapped(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.status, '200 OK')\n        self.assertTrue(result.body.startswith(b'<div'))\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static',\n                               'pyramid.tests.test_config:files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_absolute(self):\n        import os\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n        static_path = os.path.join(here, 'files')\n        config.add_static_view('static', static_path)\n        self.assertEqual(info.added,\n                         [(config, 'static', static_path, {})])\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config.add_forbidden_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_forbidden_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPForbidden()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: arg\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, (None, request))\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_notfound_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPNotFound()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_notfound_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPTemporaryRedirect, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPTemporaryRedirect))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash_custom_response(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPMovedPermanently, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=HTTPMovedPermanently\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPMovedPermanently))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    # Since Python 3 has to be all cool and fancy and different...\n    def _assertBody(self, response, value):\n        from pyramid.compat import text_type\n        if isinstance(value, text_type):  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.text, value)\n        else:  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.body, value)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        mapper = object()\n        config.set_view_mapper(mapper)\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.set_view_mapper('pyramid.tests.test_config')\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        self.assertEqual(result, test_config)\n\n    def test_add_normal_and_exception_view_intr_derived_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        view = lambda r: 'OK'\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=True)\n        config.add_view(view, context=Exception, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view_intr = introspector.introspectables[-1]\n        self.assertTrue(view_intr.type_name, 'view')\n        self.assertEqual(view_intr['callable'], view)\n        derived_view = view_intr['derived_callable']\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.scheme = 'http'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: derived_view(None, request))\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        self.assertEqual(derived_view(None, request), 'OK')\n\nclass Test_runtime_exc_view(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, view1, view2):\n        from pyramid.config.views import runtime_exc_view\n        return runtime_exc_view(view1, view2)\n\n    def test_call(self):\n        def view1(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        result_view = self._makeOne(view1, view2)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        result = result_view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_call_dispatches_on_exception(self):\n        def view1(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK'\n        result_view = self._makeOne(view1, view2)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        result = result_view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_permitted(self):\n        def errfn(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        def view1(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        view1.__permitted__ = lambda c, r: 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        view2.__permitted__ = errfn\n        result_view = self._makeOne(view1, view2)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        result = result_view.__permitted__(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_permitted_dispatches_on_exception(self):\n        def errfn(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        def view1(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        view1.__permitted__ = errfn\n        def view2(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        view2.__permitted__ = lambda c, r: 'OK'\n        result_view = self._makeOne(view1, view2)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        result = result_view.__permitted__(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\nclass Test_requestonly(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _callFUT(self, view, attr=None):\n        from pyramid.config.views import requestonly\n        return requestonly(view, attr=attr)\n\n    def test_defaults(self):\n        def aview(request, a=1, b=2): pass\n        self.assertTrue(self._callFUT(aview))\n\n    def test_otherattr(self):\n        class AView(object):\n            def __init__(self, request, a=1, b=2): pass\n            def bleh(self): pass\n        self.assertTrue(self._callFUT(AView, 'bleh'))\n\nclass Test_isexception(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _callFUT(self, ob):\n        from pyramid.config.views import isexception\n        return isexception(ob)\n\n    def test_is_exception_instance(self):\n        class E(Exception):\n            pass\n        e = E()\n        self.assertEqual(self._callFUT(e), True)\n\n    def test_is_exception_class(self):\n        class E(Exception):\n            pass\n        self.assertEqual(self._callFUT(E), True)\n\n    def test_is_IException(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IException\n        self.assertEqual(self._callFUT(IException), True)\n\n    def test_is_IException_subinterface(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IException\n        class ISubException(IException):\n            pass\n        self.assertEqual(self._callFUT(ISubException), True)\n\nclass TestMultiView(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _getTargetClass(self):\n        from pyramid.config.views import MultiView\n        return MultiView\n\n    def _makeOne(self, name='name'):\n        return self._getTargetClass()(name)\n\n    def test_class_implements_ISecuredView(self):\n        from zope.interface.verify import verifyClass\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        verifyClass(ISecuredView, self._getTargetClass())\n\n    def test_instance_implements_ISecuredView(self):\n        from zope.interface.verify import verifyObject\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        verifyObject(ISecuredView, self._makeOne())\n\n    def test_add(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add('view', 100)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view2', 99)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view3', 100, accept='text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'], [(100, 'view3', None)])\n        mv.add('view4', 99, 'abc', accept='text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, 'view4', 'abc'), (100, 'view3', None)])\n        mv.add('view5', 100, accept='text/xml')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/xml'], [(100, 'view5', None)])\n        self.assertEqual(set(mv.accepts), set(['text/xml', 'text/html']))\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view6', 98, accept='text/*')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/*'], [(98, 'view6', None)])\n\n    def test_add_with_phash(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc')])\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc')])\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='def')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc'),\n                                    (100, 'view', 'def')])\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc'),\n                                    (100, 'view', 'def')])\n\n    def test_add_with_phash_override_accept(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view1(): pass\n        def view2(): pass\n        def view3(): pass\n        mv.add(view1, 100, accept='text/html', phash='abc')\n        mv.add(view2, 100, accept='text/html', phash='abc')\n        mv.add(view3, 99, accept='text/html', phash='def')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, view3, 'def'), (100, view2, 'abc')])\n\n    def test_add_with_phash_override_accept2(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view1(): pass\n        def view2(): pass\n        def view3(): pass\n        mv.add(view1, 100, accept='text/html', phash='abc')\n        mv.add(view2, 100, accept='text/html', phash='def')\n        mv.add(view3, 99, accept='text/html', phash='ghi')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, view3, 'ghi'),\n                          (100, view1, 'abc'),\n                          (100, view2, 'def')]\n                         )\n\n    def test_multiple_with_functions_as_views(self):\n        # this failed on py3 at one point, because functions aren't orderable\n        # and we were sorting the views via a plain sort() rather than\n        # sort(key=itemgetter(0)).\n        def view1(request): pass\n        def view2(request): pass\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add(view1, 100, None)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, view1, None)])\n        mv.add(view2, 100, None)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, view1, None), (100, view2, None)])\n\n    def test_get_views_request_has_no_accept(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), mv.views)\n\n    def test_get_views_no_self_accepts(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = True\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.accepts = []\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), mv.views)\n\n    def test_get_views(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.accepts = ['text/html']\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        html_views = [(98, lambda *arg: None)]\n        mv.media_views['text/html'] = html_views\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), html_views + mv.views)\n\n    def test_get_views_best_match_returns_None(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept(None)\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.accepts = ['text/html']\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), mv.views)\n\n    def test_match_not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv.match, context, request)\n\n    def test_match_predicate_fails(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        view.__predicated__ = lambda *arg: False\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv.match, context, request)\n\n    def test_match_predicate_succeeds(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        view.__predicated__ = lambda *arg: True\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        result = mv.match(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, view)\n\n    def test_permitted_no_views(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv.__permitted__, context, request)\n\n    def test_permitted_no_match_with__permitted__(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.__permitted__(None, None), True)\n\n    def test_permitted(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        def permitted(context, request):\n            return False\n        view.__permitted__ = permitted\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        result = mv.__permitted__(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, False)\n\n    def test__call__not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv, context, request)\n\n    def test___call__intermediate_not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view1(context, request):\n            raise PredicateMismatch\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view1, None), (99, view2, None)]\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test___call__raise_not_found_isnt_interpreted_as_pred_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        def view1(context, request):\n            raise  HTTPNotFound\n        def view2(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        mv.views = [(100, view1, None), (99, view2, None)]\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv, context, request)\n\n    def test___call__(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test__call_permissive__not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv, context, request)\n\n    def test___call_permissive_has_call_permissive(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        def permissive(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        view.__call_permissive__ = permissive\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        response = mv.__call_permissive__(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test___call_permissive_has_no_call_permissive(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        response = mv.__call_permissive__(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test__call__with_accept_match(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/xml')\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, None)]\n        mv.media_views['text/xml'] = [(100, view, None)]\n        mv.accepts = ['text/xml']\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test__call__with_accept_miss(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/plain', 'text/html')\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        mv.media_views['text/xml'] = [(100, None, None)]\n        mv.accepts = ['text/xml']\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n\n\nclass TestDefaultViewMapper(unittest.TestCase):\n    def setUp(self):\n        self.config = testing.setUp()\n        self.registry = self.config.registry\n\n    def tearDown(self):\n        del self.registry\n        testing.tearDown()\n\n    def _makeOne(self, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config.views import DefaultViewMapper\n        kw['registry'] = self.registry\n        return DefaultViewMapper(**kw)\n\n    def _makeRequest(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = self.registry\n        return request\n\n    def test_view_as_function_context_and_request(self):\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertTrue(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test__view_as_function_with_attr(self):\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='__name__')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(TypeError, result, None, request)\n\n    def test_view_as_function_requestonly(self):\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_function_requestonly_with_attr(self):\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='__name__')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(TypeError, result, None, request)\n\n    def test_view_as_newstyle_class_context_and_request(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_newstyle_class_context_and_request_with_attr(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                pass\n            def index(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='index')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_newstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_newstyle_class_requestonly_with_attr(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def index(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='index')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_oldstyle_class_context_and_request(self):\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_oldstyle_class_context_and_request_with_attr(self):\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                pass\n            def index(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='index')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly_with_attr(self):\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def index(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='index')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_instance_context_and_request(self):\n        class View:\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertTrue(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_instance_context_and_request_and_attr(self):\n        class View:\n            def index(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='index')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_instance_requestonly(self):\n        class View:\n            def __call__(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_instance_requestonly_with_attr(self):\n        class View:\n            def index(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='index')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\nclass Test_preserve_view_attrs(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _callFUT(self, view, wrapped_view):\n        from pyramid.config.views import preserve_view_attrs\n        return preserve_view_attrs(view, wrapped_view)\n\n    def test_it_same(self):\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        result = self._callFUT(view, view)\n        self.assertTrue(result is view)\n\n    def test_it_view_is_None(self):\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        result = self._callFUT(None, view)\n        self.assertTrue(result is view)\n\n    def test_it_different_with_existing_original_view(self):\n        def view1(context, request): pass\n        view1.__original_view__ = 'abc'\n        def view2(context, request): pass\n        result = self._callFUT(view1, view2)\n        self.assertEqual(result.__original_view__, 'abc')\n        self.assertFalse(result is view1)\n\n    def test_it_different(self):\n        class DummyView1:\n            \"\"\" 1 \"\"\"\n            __name__ = '1'\n            __module__ = '1'\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n            def __call_permissive__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n            def __predicated__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n            def __permitted__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        class DummyView2:\n            \"\"\" 2 \"\"\"\n            __name__ = '2'\n            __module__ = '2'\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n            def __call_permissive__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n            def __predicated__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n            def __permitted__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        view1 = DummyView1()\n        view2 = DummyView2()\n        result = self._callFUT(view2, view1)\n        self.assertEqual(result, view1)\n        self.assertTrue(view1.__original_view__ is view2)\n        self.assertTrue(view1.__doc__ is view2.__doc__)\n        self.assertTrue(view1.__module__ is view2.__module__)\n        self.assertTrue(view1.__name__ is view2.__name__)\n        self.assertTrue(getattr(view1.__call_permissive__, im_func) is\n                        getattr(view2.__call_permissive__, im_func))\n        self.assertTrue(getattr(view1.__permitted__, im_func) is\n                        getattr(view2.__permitted__, im_func))\n        self.assertTrue(getattr(view1.__predicated__, im_func) is\n                        getattr(view2.__predicated__, im_func))\n\n\nclass TestStaticURLInfo(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _getTargetClass(self):\n        from pyramid.config.views import StaticURLInfo\n        return StaticURLInfo\n\n    def _makeOne(self):\n        return self._getTargetClass()()\n\n    def _makeRequest(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = DummyRegistry()\n        return request\n\n    def test_verifyClass(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        from zope.interface.verify import verifyClass\n        verifyClass(IStaticURLInfo, self._getTargetClass())\n\n    def test_verifyObject(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        from zope.interface.verify import verifyObject\n        verifyObject(IStaticURLInfo, self._makeOne())\n\n    def test_generate_missing(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, inst.generate, 'path', request)\n\n    def test_generate_registration_miss(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [\n            (None, 'spec', 'route_name'),\n            ('http://example.com/foo/', 'package:path/', None)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/abc', request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/foo/abc')\n\n    def test_generate_slash_in_name1(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [('http://example.com/foo/', 'package:path/', None)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/abc', request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/foo/abc')\n\n    def test_generate_slash_in_name2(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [('http://example.com/foo/', 'package:path/', None)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/', request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/foo/')\n\n    def test_generate_quoting(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        config = testing.setUp()\n        try:\n            config.add_static_view('images', path='mypkg:templates')\n            request = testing.DummyRequest()\n            request.registry = config.registry\n            inst = config.registry.getUtility(IStaticURLInfo)\n            result = inst.generate('mypkg:templates/foo%2Fbar', request)\n            self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/images/foo%252Fbar')\n        finally:\n            testing.tearDown()\n\n    def test_generate_route_url(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [(None, 'package:path/', '__viewname/')]\n        def route_url(n, **kw):\n            self.assertEqual(n, '__viewname/')\n            self.assertEqual(kw, {'subpath':'abc', 'a':1})\n            return 'url'\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        request.route_url = route_url\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/abc', request, a=1)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'url')\n\n    def test_generate_url_unquoted_local(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [(None, 'package:path/', '__viewname/')]\n        def route_url(n, **kw):\n            self.assertEqual(n, '__viewname/')\n            self.assertEqual(kw, {'subpath':'abc def', 'a':1})\n            return 'url'\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        request.route_url = route_url\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/abc def', request, a=1)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'url')\n\n    def test_generate_url_quoted_remote(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [('http://example.com/', 'package:path/', None)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/abc def', request, a=1)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/abc%20def')\n\n    def test_generate_url_with_custom_query(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        registrations = [('http://example.com/', 'package:path/', None)]\n        inst.registrations = registrations\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/abc def', request, a=1,\n                               _query='(openlayers)')\n        self.assertEqual(result,\n                         'http://example.com/abc%20def?(openlayers)')\n\n    def test_generate_url_with_custom_anchor(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [('http://example.com/', 'package:path/', None)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        uc = text_(b'La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/abc def', request, a=1, _anchor=uc)\n        self.assertEqual(result,\n                         'http://example.com/abc%20def#La%20Pe%C3%B1a')\n\n    def test_generate_url_cachebust(self):\n        def cachebust(request, subpath, kw):\n            kw['foo'] = 'bar'\n            return 'foo' + '/' + subpath, kw\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [(None, 'package:path/', '__viewname')]\n        inst.cache_busters = [('package:path/', cachebust, False)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        called = [False]\n        def route_url(n, **kw):\n            called[0] = True\n            self.assertEqual(n, '__viewname')\n            self.assertEqual(kw, {'subpath': 'foo/abc', 'foo': 'bar',\n                                  'pathspec': 'package:path/abc',\n                                  'rawspec': 'package:path/abc'})\n        request.route_url = route_url\n        inst.generate('package:path/abc', request)\n        self.assertTrue(called[0])\n\n    def test_generate_url_cachebust_abspath(self):\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__) + os.sep\n        def cachebust(pathspec, subpath, kw):\n            kw['foo'] = 'bar'\n            return 'foo' + '/' + subpath, kw\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [(None, here, '__viewname')]\n        inst.cache_busters = [(here, cachebust, False)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        called = [False]\n        def route_url(n, **kw):\n            called[0] = True\n            self.assertEqual(n, '__viewname')\n            self.assertEqual(kw, {'subpath': 'foo/abc', 'foo': 'bar',\n                                  'pathspec': here + 'abc',\n                                  'rawspec': here + 'abc'})\n        request.route_url = route_url\n        inst.generate(here + 'abc', request)\n        self.assertTrue(called[0])\n\n    def test_generate_url_cachebust_nomatch(self):\n        def fake_cb(*a, **kw): raise AssertionError\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [(None, 'package:path/', '__viewname')]\n        inst.cache_busters = [('package:path2/', fake_cb, False)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        called = [False]\n        def route_url(n, **kw):\n            called[0] = True\n            self.assertEqual(n, '__viewname')\n            self.assertEqual(kw, {'subpath': 'abc',\n                                  'pathspec': 'package:path/abc',\n                                  'rawspec': 'package:path/abc'})\n        request.route_url = route_url\n        inst.generate('package:path/abc', request)\n        self.assertTrue(called[0])\n\n    def test_generate_url_cachebust_with_overrides(self):\n        config = testing.setUp()\n        try:\n            request = testing.DummyRequest()\n            config.add_static_view('static', 'path')\n            config.override_asset(\n                'pyramid.tests.test_config:path/',\n                'pyramid.tests.test_config:other_path/')\n            def cb(val):\n                def cb_(request, subpath, kw):\n                    kw['_query'] = {'x': val}\n                    return subpath, kw\n                return cb_\n            config.add_cache_buster('path', cb('foo'))\n            result = request.static_url('path/foo.png')\n            self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=foo')\n            config.add_cache_buster('other_path', cb('bar'), explicit=True)\n            result = request.static_url('path/foo.png')\n            self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=bar')\n        finally:\n            testing.tearDown()\n\n    def test_add_already_exists(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [('http://example.com/', 'package:path/', None)]\n        inst.add(config, 'http://example.com', 'anotherpackage:path')\n        expected = [('http://example.com/', 'anotherpackage:path/', None)]\n        self.assertEqual(inst.registrations, expected)\n\n    def test_add_package_root(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'http://example.com', 'package:')\n        expected = [('http://example.com/', 'package:', None)]\n        self.assertEqual(inst.registrations, expected)\n\n    def test_add_url_withendslash(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'http://example.com/', 'anotherpackage:path')\n        expected = [('http://example.com/', 'anotherpackage:path/', None)]\n        self.assertEqual(inst.registrations, expected)\n\n    def test_add_url_noendslash(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'http://example.com', 'anotherpackage:path')\n        expected = [('http://example.com/', 'anotherpackage:path/', None)]\n        self.assertEqual(inst.registrations, expected)\n\n    def test_add_url_noscheme(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, '//example.com', 'anotherpackage:path')\n        expected = [('//example.com/', 'anotherpackage:path/', None)]\n        self.assertEqual(inst.registrations, expected)\n\n    def test_add_viewname(self):\n        from pyramid.security import NO_PERMISSION_REQUIRED\n        from pyramid.static import static_view\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'view', 'anotherpackage:path', cache_max_age=1)\n        expected = [(None, 'anotherpackage:path/', '__view/')]\n        self.assertEqual(inst.registrations, expected)\n        self.assertEqual(config.route_args, ('__view/', 'view/*subpath'))\n        self.assertEqual(config.view_kw['permission'], NO_PERMISSION_REQUIRED)\n        self.assertEqual(config.view_kw['view'].__class__, static_view)\n\n    def test_add_viewname_with_route_prefix(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        config.route_prefix = '/abc'\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'view', 'anotherpackage:path',)\n        expected = [(None, 'anotherpackage:path/', '__/abc/view/')]\n        self.assertEqual(inst.registrations, expected)\n        self.assertEqual(config.route_args, ('__/abc/view/', 'view/*subpath'))\n\n    def test_add_viewname_with_permission(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'view', 'anotherpackage:path', cache_max_age=1,\n                 permission='abc')\n        self.assertEqual(config.view_kw['permission'], 'abc')\n\n    def test_add_viewname_with_context(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'view', 'anotherpackage:path', cache_max_age=1,\n                 context=DummyContext)\n        self.assertEqual(config.view_kw['context'], DummyContext)\n\n    def test_add_viewname_with_for_(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'view', 'anotherpackage:path', cache_max_age=1,\n                 for_=DummyContext)\n        self.assertEqual(config.view_kw['context'], DummyContext)\n\n    def test_add_viewname_with_renderer(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'view', 'anotherpackage:path', cache_max_age=1,\n                 renderer='mypackage:templates/index.pt')\n        self.assertEqual(config.view_kw['renderer'],\n                         'mypackage:templates/index.pt')\n\n    def test_add_cachebust_prevented(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        config.registry.settings['pyramid.prevent_cachebust'] = True\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        cachebust = DummyCacheBuster('foo')\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path', cachebust)\n        self.assertEqual(inst.cache_busters, [])\n\n    def test_add_cachebuster(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path', DummyCacheBuster('foo'))\n        cachebust = inst.cache_busters[-1][1]\n        subpath, kw = cachebust(None, 'some/path', {})\n        self.assertEqual(subpath, 'some/path')\n        self.assertEqual(kw['x'], 'foo')\n\n    def test_add_cachebuster_abspath(self):\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        cb = DummyCacheBuster('foo')\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, here, cb)\n        self.assertEqual(inst.cache_busters, [(here + os.sep, cb, False)])\n\n    def test_add_cachebuster_overwrite(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        cb1 = DummyCacheBuster('foo')\n        cb2 = DummyCacheBuster('bar')\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path/', cb1)\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path', cb2)\n        self.assertEqual(inst.cache_busters,\n                         [('mypackage:path/', cb2, False)])\n\n    def test_add_cachebuster_overwrite_explicit(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        cb1 = DummyCacheBuster('foo')\n        cb2 = DummyCacheBuster('bar')\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path/', cb1)\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path', cb2, True)\n        self.assertEqual(inst.cache_busters,\n                         [('mypackage:path/', cb1, False),\n                          ('mypackage:path/', cb2, True)])\n\n    def test_add_cachebuster_for_more_specific_path(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        cb1 = DummyCacheBuster('foo')\n        cb2 = DummyCacheBuster('bar')\n        cb3 = DummyCacheBuster('baz')\n        cb4 = DummyCacheBuster('xyz')\n        cb5 = DummyCacheBuster('w')\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path', cb1)\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path/sub', cb2, True)\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path/sub/other', cb3)\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path/sub/other', cb4, True)\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path/sub/less', cb5, True)\n        self.assertEqual(\n            inst.cache_busters,\n            [('mypackage:path/', cb1, False),\n             ('mypackage:path/sub/other/', cb3, False),\n             ('mypackage:path/sub/', cb2, True),\n             ('mypackage:path/sub/less/', cb5, True),\n             ('mypackage:path/sub/other/', cb4, True)])\n\nclass Test_view_description(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _callFUT(self, view):\n        from pyramid.config.views import view_description\n        return view_description(view)\n\n    def test_with_text(self):\n        def view(): pass\n        view.__text__ = 'some text'\n        result = self._callFUT(view)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'some text')\n\n    def test_without_text(self):\n        def view(): pass\n        result = self._callFUT(view)\n        self.assertEqual(result,\n                         'function pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.view')\n\nclass Test_viewdefaults(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, wrapped):\n        from pyramid.decorator import reify\n        return reify(wrapped)\n\n    def test_dunder_attrs_copied(self):\n        from pyramid.config.views import viewdefaults\n        decorator = self._makeOne(viewdefaults)\n        self.assertEqual(decorator.__doc__, viewdefaults.__doc__)\n        self.assertEqual(decorator.__name__, viewdefaults.__name__)\n        self.assertEqual(decorator.__module__, viewdefaults.__module__)\n\n\nclass DummyRegistry:\n    utility = None\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.settings = {}\n\n    def queryUtility(self, type_or_iface, name=None, default=None):\n        return self.utility or default\n\nfrom zope.interface import implementer\nfrom pyramid.interfaces import (\n    IResponse,\n    IRequest,\n    )\n\n@implementer(IResponse)\nclass DummyResponse(object):\n    content_type = None\n    default_content_type = None\n    body = None\n\nclass DummyRequest:\n    subpath = ()\n    matchdict = None\n    request_iface  = IRequest\n    application_url = 'http://example.com/foo'\n\n    def __init__(self, environ=None):\n        if environ is None:\n            environ = {}\n        self.environ = environ\n        self.params = {}\n        self.cookies = {}\n        self.response = DummyResponse()\n\nclass DummyContext:\n    pass\n\nclass DummyAccept(object):\n    def __init__(self, *matches):\n        self.matches = list(matches)\n\n    def acceptable_offers(self, offers):\n        results = []\n        for match in self.matches:\n            if match in offers:\n                results.append((match, 1.0))\n        return results\n\nclass DummyConfig:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.registry = DummyRegistry()\n\n    route_prefix = ''\n    def add_route(self, *args, **kw):\n        self.route_args = args\n        self.route_kw = kw\n\n    def add_view(self, *args, **kw):\n        self.view_args = args\n        self.view_kw = kw\n\n    def action(self, discriminator, callable, introspectables=()):\n        callable()\n\n    def introspectable(self, *arg):\n        return {}\n\nfrom zope.interface import implementer\nfrom pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n@implementer(IMultiView)\nclass DummyMultiView:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.views = []\n        self.name = 'name'\n    def add(self, view, order, phash=None, accept=None, accept_order=None):\n        self.views.append((view, phash, accept, accept_order))\n    def __call__(self, context, request):\n        return 'OK1'\n    def __permitted__(self, context, request):\n        \"\"\" \"\"\"\n\nclass DummyCacheBuster(object):\n    def __init__(self, token):\n        self.token = token\n\n    def __call__(self, request, subpath, kw):\n        kw['x'] = self.token\n        return subpath, kw\n\ndef parse_httpdate(s):\n    import datetime\n    # cannot use %Z, must use literal GMT; Jython honors timezone\n    # but CPython does not\n    return datetime.datetime.strptime(s, \"%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT\")\n\ndef assert_similar_datetime(one, two):\n    for attr in ('year', 'month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute'):\n        one_attr = getattr(one, attr)\n        two_attr = getattr(two, attr)\n        if not one_attr == two_attr: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError('%r != %r in %s' % (one_attr, two_attr, attr))\n\nclass DummyStaticURLInfo:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.added = []\n\n    def add(self, config, name, spec, **kw):\n        self.added.append((config, name, spec, kw))\n\nclass DummyViewDefaultsClass(object):\n    __view_defaults__ = {\n        'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n        }\n    def __init__(self, request):\n        pass\n    def __call__(self):\n        return 'OK'\n\nclass DummyPredicate(object):\n    def __init__(self, val, config):\n        self.val = val\n\n    def text(self):\n        return 'dummy'\n\n    phash = text\n\nclass DummyIntrospector(object):\n    def __init__(self, getval=None):\n        self.related = []\n        self.introspectables = []\n        self.getval = getval\n    def add(self, introspectable):\n        self.introspectables.append(introspectable)\n    def get(self, name, discrim):\n        return self.getval\n    def relate(self, a, b):\n        self.related.append((a, b))\n\nclass DummySession(dict):\n    def get_csrf_token(self):\n        return self['csrf_token']\n",
            "header": {
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            "is_binary_file": false,
            "binary_line": null,
            "minus_file": {
                "path": "a/pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py"
            },
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                        "old_range": {
                            "start": 842,
                            "length": 7
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                        "new_range": {
                            "start": 842,
                            "length": 7
                        },
                        "section": "class TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):"
                    },
                    "line_group": {
                        "all_lines": [
                            {
                                "content": "        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual([(x[0], x[2]) for x in wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews(self):",
                                "type": "context"
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    "modified_entities": [
                        {
                            "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py",
                            "type": "class",
                            "name": "TestViewsConfigurationMixin",
                            "content": "class TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=False)\n        return config\n\n    def _getViewCallable(self, config, ctx_iface=None, exc_iface=None,\n                         request_iface=None, name=''):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        if exc_iface:\n            classifier = IExceptionViewClassifier\n            ctx_iface = exc_iface\n        else:\n            classifier = IViewClassifier\n        if ctx_iface is None:\n            ctx_iface = Interface\n        if request_iface is None:\n            request_iface = IRequest\n        return config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (classifier, request_iface, ctx_iface), IView, name=name,\n            default=None)\n\n    def _registerRenderer(self, config, name='.txt'):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRendererFactory\n        class Renderer:\n            def __init__(self, info):\n                self.__class__.info = info\n            def __call__(self, *arg):\n                return b'Hello!'\n        config.registry.registerUtility(Renderer, IRendererFactory, name=name)\n        return Renderer\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def _assertNotFound(self, wrapper, *arg):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, *arg)\n\n    def _getRouteRequestIface(self, config, name):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        iface = config.registry.getUtility(IRouteRequest, name)\n        return iface\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_no_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_and_route_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view, view, '', None,\n                          None, True, True)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view,\n                        request_type='pyramid.interfaces.IRequest',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n        directlyProvides(request, IRequest)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_with_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self._registerRenderer(config, name='dummy')\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_introspector_missing(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.introspector = None\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_no_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertFalse(('renderer factories', '.pt') in\n                         introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_with_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector(True)\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        def dummy_factory(helper):\n            return lambda val, system_vals: 'Hello!'\n        config.add_renderer('.pt', dummy_factory)\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertTrue(\n            ('renderer factories', '.pt') in introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_wrapped_view_is_decorated(self):\n        def view(request): # request-only wrapper\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__module__, view.__module__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, view.__name__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__discriminator__(None, None).resolve()[0],\n                         'view')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, name='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name='abc')\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name_unicode(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        name = text_(b'La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        config.add_view(view=view, name=name, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name=name)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=view_wrapper,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator_tuple(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper1(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped1' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        def view_wrapper2(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped2' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=(view_wrapper2, view_wrapper1),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'wrapped2wrapped1OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_http_cache(self):\n        import datetime\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        response = Response('OK')\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return response\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, http_cache=(86400, {'public':True}))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        request = testing.DummyRequest()\n        when = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, response)\n        headers = dict(response.headerlist)\n        self.assertEqual(headers['Cache-Control'], 'max-age=86400, public')\n        expires = parse_httpdate(headers['Expires'])\n        assert_similar_datetime(expires, when)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.context = context\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view,  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for__as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_class(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_iface(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_trumps_for(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, for_=Foo, view=view,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_mixed_case_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/HTML', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views.items()),1)\n        self.assertFalse('text/HTML' in wrapper.media_views)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_views_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views['text/html']), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_mulview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in hot_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(hot_wrapper.views), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_context_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        class ISuper(Interface):\n            pass\n        class ISub(ISuper):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, ISuper), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=ISub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISuper,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISub,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_exception_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        class Super(Exception):\n            pass\n        class Sub(Super):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=Sub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_call_ordering(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'view2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'view3'\n        def view4(context, request): return 'view4'\n        def view5(context, request): return 'view5'\n        def view6(context, request): return 'view6'\n        def view7(context, request): return 'view7'\n        def view8(context, request): return 'view8'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='POST', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view3,request_param='param', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view4, containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view5, request_method='POST',\n                        request_param='param',  renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view6, request_method='POST', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view7, request_param='param', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view8, request_method='POST',request_param='param',\n                        containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n\n\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view1')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view2')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view3')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view4')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view5')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view6')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view7')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view8')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n        config.add_view(unknown, route_name='root', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate_with_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n\n        config.add_view(\n            unknown,\n            route_name='root',\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=('POST',),\n            xhr=True,\n        )\n\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview___discriminator__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        class IFoo(Interface):\n            pass\n        class IBar(Interface):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IFoo)\n        class Foo(object):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IBar)\n        class Bar(object):\n            pass\n        foo = Foo()\n        bar = Bar()\n\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IFoo)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IBar)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertNotEqual(\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(foo, request),\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(bar, request),\n            )\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_renderer(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(request_type=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, None)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        directlyProvides(request, IDummy)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_noniface(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_view, view, '', None, None, object)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        self.assertNotEqual(request_iface, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper, None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_nonexistant_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationExecutionError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name_exception(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper_exc_view, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('GET', 'POST'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'HEAD'))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_get_implies_head(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'HEAD'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, header='Host:a\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'whatever'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NotHost':'whatever'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'abc'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_missing(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NoHost':'1'}\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/xml']\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/html']\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, context, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            containment='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, path_info='\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/foo')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_check_csrf_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, check_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = \"POST\"\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        request.POST = {'csrf_token': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return True\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates,\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_nomatch(self):\n        import warnings\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return False\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_predicate_bests_standard_predicate(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=(pred1,),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n            config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_more_preds_first_bests_fewer_preds_last(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', xhr=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_same_predicates(self):\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'second'\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'first'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view1)\n        config.add_view(view=view2)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_param(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf='st', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {'st': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {'X-CSRF-Token': 'foo'}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_missing_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request): return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: view(None, request))\n\n    def test_add_view_with_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, permission='view', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               default_permission='view',\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_no_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class DummyPolicy(object): pass # wont be called\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class Mapper(object):\n            def __init__(self, **kw):\n                self.__class__.kw = kw\n            def __call__(self, view):\n                return view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=view, mapper=Mapper, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, None), 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(Mapper.kw['mapper'], Mapper)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_kwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view='pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_nonkwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_doesnt_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IFactory'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.commit() # does not raise\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_conflicts(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_class_method_no_attr(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class DummyViewClass(object):\n            def run(self): pass\n\n        def configure_view():\n            config.add_view(view=DummyViewClass.run, renderer=null_renderer)\n\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, configure_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_no_regular_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertTrue(view is None)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertEqual(view1, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_misconfiguration(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class NotAnException(object):\n            pass\n        self.assertRaises(\n            ConfigurationError,\n            config.add_view, view, context=NotAnException, exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = Exception()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_subclass(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, context=ValueError,\n                                  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(ValueError))\n        context = ValueError()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_exception_only(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment': 'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(\n            view=view,\n            context=Exception,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_derive_view_function(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is dummy_view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_no_explicit_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return 'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.commit()\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        result = config.derive_view(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None).body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_with_explicit_renderer(self):\n        class moo(object): pass\n        class foo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'foo'\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_renderer('foo', foo)\n        config.commit()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer='foo')\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request).body, b'foo')\n\n    def test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_type = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, '__static/')\n        self._assertRoute(config, '__static/', 'static/*subpath')\n        wrapped = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, request_type, Interface), IView, name='')\n        from pyramid.request import Request\n        request = Request.blank('/static/minimal.txt')\n        request.subpath = ('minimal.txt', )\n        result = wrapped(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.status, '200 OK')\n        self.assertTrue(result.body.startswith(b'<div'))\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static',\n                               'pyramid.tests.test_config:files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_absolute(self):\n        import os\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n        static_path = os.path.join(here, 'files')\n        config.add_static_view('static', static_path)\n        self.assertEqual(info.added,\n                         [(config, 'static', static_path, {})])\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config.add_forbidden_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_forbidden_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPForbidden()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: arg\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, (None, request))\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_notfound_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPNotFound()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_notfound_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPTemporaryRedirect, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPTemporaryRedirect))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash_custom_response(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPMovedPermanently, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=HTTPMovedPermanently\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPMovedPermanently))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    # Since Python 3 has to be all cool and fancy and different...\n    def _assertBody(self, response, value):\n        from pyramid.compat import text_type\n        if isinstance(value, text_type):  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.text, value)\n        else:  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.body, value)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        mapper = object()\n        config.set_view_mapper(mapper)\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.set_view_mapper('pyramid.tests.test_config')\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        self.assertEqual(result, test_config)\n\n    def test_add_normal_and_exception_view_intr_derived_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        view = lambda r: 'OK'\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=True)\n        config.add_view(view, context=Exception, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view_intr = introspector.introspectables[-1]\n        self.assertTrue(view_intr.type_name, 'view')\n        self.assertEqual(view_intr['callable'], view)\n        derived_view = view_intr['derived_callable']\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.scheme = 'http'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: derived_view(None, request))\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        self.assertEqual(derived_view(None, request), 'OK')",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 17,
                            "end_lineno": 2390,
                            "parent": null
                        },
                        {
                            "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py",
                            "type": "method",
                            "name": "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_multiview_replaces_multiview",
                            "content": "class TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=False)\n        return config\n\n    def _getViewCallable(self, config, ctx_iface=None, exc_iface=None,\n                         request_iface=None, name=''):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        if exc_iface:\n            classifier = IExceptionViewClassifier\n            ctx_iface = exc_iface\n        else:\n            classifier = IViewClassifier\n        if ctx_iface is None:\n            ctx_iface = Interface\n        if request_iface is None:\n            request_iface = IRequest\n        return config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (classifier, request_iface, ctx_iface), IView, name=name,\n            default=None)\n\n    def _registerRenderer(self, config, name='.txt'):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRendererFactory\n        class Renderer:\n            def __init__(self, info):\n                self.__class__.info = info\n            def __call__(self, *arg):\n                return b'Hello!'\n        config.registry.registerUtility(Renderer, IRendererFactory, name=name)\n        return Renderer\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def _assertNotFound(self, wrapper, *arg):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, *arg)\n\n    def _getRouteRequestIface(self, config, name):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        iface = config.registry.getUtility(IRouteRequest, name)\n        return iface\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_no_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_and_route_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view, view, '', None,\n                          None, True, True)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view,\n                        request_type='pyramid.interfaces.IRequest',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n        directlyProvides(request, IRequest)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_with_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self._registerRenderer(config, name='dummy')\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_introspector_missing(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.introspector = None\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_no_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertFalse(('renderer factories', '.pt') in\n                         introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_with_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector(True)\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        def dummy_factory(helper):\n            return lambda val, system_vals: 'Hello!'\n        config.add_renderer('.pt', dummy_factory)\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertTrue(\n            ('renderer factories', '.pt') in introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_wrapped_view_is_decorated(self):\n        def view(request): # request-only wrapper\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__module__, view.__module__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, view.__name__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__discriminator__(None, None).resolve()[0],\n                         'view')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, name='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name='abc')\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name_unicode(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        name = text_(b'La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        config.add_view(view=view, name=name, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name=name)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=view_wrapper,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator_tuple(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper1(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped1' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        def view_wrapper2(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped2' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=(view_wrapper2, view_wrapper1),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'wrapped2wrapped1OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_http_cache(self):\n        import datetime\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        response = Response('OK')\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return response\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, http_cache=(86400, {'public':True}))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        request = testing.DummyRequest()\n        when = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, response)\n        headers = dict(response.headerlist)\n        self.assertEqual(headers['Cache-Control'], 'max-age=86400, public')\n        expires = parse_httpdate(headers['Expires'])\n        assert_similar_datetime(expires, when)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.context = context\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view,  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for__as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_class(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_iface(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_trumps_for(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, for_=Foo, view=view,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_mixed_case_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/HTML', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views.items()),1)\n        self.assertFalse('text/HTML' in wrapper.media_views)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_views_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views['text/html']), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_mulview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in hot_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(hot_wrapper.views), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_context_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        class ISuper(Interface):\n            pass\n        class ISub(ISuper):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, ISuper), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=ISub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISuper,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISub,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_exception_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        class Super(Exception):\n            pass\n        class Sub(Super):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=Sub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_call_ordering(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'view2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'view3'\n        def view4(context, request): return 'view4'\n        def view5(context, request): return 'view5'\n        def view6(context, request): return 'view6'\n        def view7(context, request): return 'view7'\n        def view8(context, request): return 'view8'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='POST', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view3,request_param='param', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view4, containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view5, request_method='POST',\n                        request_param='param',  renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view6, request_method='POST', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view7, request_param='param', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view8, request_method='POST',request_param='param',\n                        containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n\n\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view1')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view2')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view3')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view4')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view5')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view6')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view7')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view8')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n        config.add_view(unknown, route_name='root', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate_with_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n\n        config.add_view(\n            unknown,\n            route_name='root',\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=('POST',),\n            xhr=True,\n        )\n\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview___discriminator__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        class IFoo(Interface):\n            pass\n        class IBar(Interface):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IFoo)\n        class Foo(object):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IBar)\n        class Bar(object):\n            pass\n        foo = Foo()\n        bar = Bar()\n\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IFoo)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IBar)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertNotEqual(\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(foo, request),\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(bar, request),\n            )\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_renderer(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(request_type=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, None)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        directlyProvides(request, IDummy)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_noniface(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_view, view, '', None, None, object)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        self.assertNotEqual(request_iface, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper, None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_nonexistant_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationExecutionError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name_exception(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper_exc_view, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('GET', 'POST'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'HEAD'))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_get_implies_head(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'HEAD'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, header='Host:a\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'whatever'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NotHost':'whatever'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'abc'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_missing(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NoHost':'1'}\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/xml']\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/html']\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, context, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            containment='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, path_info='\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/foo')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_check_csrf_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, check_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = \"POST\"\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        request.POST = {'csrf_token': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return True\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates,\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_nomatch(self):\n        import warnings\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return False\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_predicate_bests_standard_predicate(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=(pred1,),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n            config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_more_preds_first_bests_fewer_preds_last(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', xhr=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_same_predicates(self):\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'second'\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'first'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view1)\n        config.add_view(view=view2)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_param(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf='st', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {'st': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {'X-CSRF-Token': 'foo'}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_missing_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request): return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: view(None, request))\n\n    def test_add_view_with_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, permission='view', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               default_permission='view',\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_no_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class DummyPolicy(object): pass # wont be called\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class Mapper(object):\n            def __init__(self, **kw):\n                self.__class__.kw = kw\n            def __call__(self, view):\n                return view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=view, mapper=Mapper, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, None), 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(Mapper.kw['mapper'], Mapper)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_kwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view='pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_nonkwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_doesnt_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IFactory'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.commit() # does not raise\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_conflicts(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_class_method_no_attr(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class DummyViewClass(object):\n            def run(self): pass\n\n        def configure_view():\n            config.add_view(view=DummyViewClass.run, renderer=null_renderer)\n\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, configure_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_no_regular_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertTrue(view is None)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertEqual(view1, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_misconfiguration(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class NotAnException(object):\n            pass\n        self.assertRaises(\n            ConfigurationError,\n            config.add_view, view, context=NotAnException, exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = Exception()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_subclass(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, context=ValueError,\n                                  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(ValueError))\n        context = ValueError()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_exception_only(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment': 'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(\n            view=view,\n            context=Exception,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_derive_view_function(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is dummy_view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_no_explicit_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return 'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.commit()\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        result = config.derive_view(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None).body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_with_explicit_renderer(self):\n        class moo(object): pass\n        class foo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'foo'\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_renderer('foo', foo)\n        config.commit()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer='foo')\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request).body, b'foo')\n\n    def test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_type = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, '__static/')\n        self._assertRoute(config, '__static/', 'static/*subpath')\n        wrapped = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, request_type, Interface), IView, name='')\n        from pyramid.request import Request\n        request = Request.blank('/static/minimal.txt')\n        request.subpath = ('minimal.txt', )\n        result = wrapped(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.status, '200 OK')\n        self.assertTrue(result.body.startswith(b'<div'))\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static',\n                               'pyramid.tests.test_config:files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_absolute(self):\n        import os\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n        static_path = os.path.join(here, 'files')\n        config.add_static_view('static', static_path)\n        self.assertEqual(info.added,\n                         [(config, 'static', static_path, {})])\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config.add_forbidden_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_forbidden_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPForbidden()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: arg\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, (None, request))\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_notfound_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPNotFound()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_notfound_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPTemporaryRedirect, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPTemporaryRedirect))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash_custom_response(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPMovedPermanently, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=HTTPMovedPermanently\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPMovedPermanently))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    # Since Python 3 has to be all cool and fancy and different...\n    def _assertBody(self, response, value):\n        from pyramid.compat import text_type\n        if isinstance(value, text_type):  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.text, value)\n        else:  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.body, value)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        mapper = object()\n        config.set_view_mapper(mapper)\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.set_view_mapper('pyramid.tests.test_config')\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        self.assertEqual(result, test_config)\n\n    def test_add_normal_and_exception_view_intr_derived_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        view = lambda r: 'OK'\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=True)\n        config.add_view(view, context=Exception, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view_intr = introspector.introspectables[-1]\n        self.assertTrue(view_intr.type_name, 'view')\n        self.assertEqual(view_intr['callable'], view)\n        derived_view = view_intr['derived_callable']\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.scheme = 'http'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: derived_view(None, request))\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        self.assertEqual(derived_view(None, request), 'OK')",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 830,
                            "end_lineno": 846,
                            "parent": {
                                "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py",
                                "type": "class",
                                "name": "TestViewsConfigurationMixin",
                                "content": "class TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=False)\n        return config\n\n    def _getViewCallable(self, config, ctx_iface=None, exc_iface=None,\n                         request_iface=None, name=''):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        if exc_iface:\n            classifier = IExceptionViewClassifier\n            ctx_iface = exc_iface\n        else:\n            classifier = IViewClassifier\n        if ctx_iface is None:\n            ctx_iface = Interface\n        if request_iface is None:\n            request_iface = IRequest\n        return config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (classifier, request_iface, ctx_iface), IView, name=name,\n            default=None)\n\n    def _registerRenderer(self, config, name='.txt'):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRendererFactory\n        class Renderer:\n            def __init__(self, info):\n                self.__class__.info = info\n            def __call__(self, *arg):\n                return b'Hello!'\n        config.registry.registerUtility(Renderer, IRendererFactory, name=name)\n        return Renderer\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def _assertNotFound(self, wrapper, *arg):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, *arg)\n\n    def _getRouteRequestIface(self, config, name):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        iface = config.registry.getUtility(IRouteRequest, name)\n        return iface\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_no_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_and_route_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view, view, '', None,\n                          None, True, True)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view,\n                        request_type='pyramid.interfaces.IRequest',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n        directlyProvides(request, IRequest)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_with_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self._registerRenderer(config, name='dummy')\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_introspector_missing(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.introspector = None\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_no_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertFalse(('renderer factories', '.pt') in\n                         introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_with_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector(True)\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        def dummy_factory(helper):\n            return lambda val, system_vals: 'Hello!'\n        config.add_renderer('.pt', dummy_factory)\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertTrue(\n            ('renderer factories', '.pt') in introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_wrapped_view_is_decorated(self):\n        def view(request): # request-only wrapper\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__module__, view.__module__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, view.__name__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__discriminator__(None, None).resolve()[0],\n                         'view')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, name='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name='abc')\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name_unicode(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        name = text_(b'La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        config.add_view(view=view, name=name, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name=name)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=view_wrapper,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator_tuple(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper1(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped1' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        def view_wrapper2(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped2' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=(view_wrapper2, view_wrapper1),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'wrapped2wrapped1OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_http_cache(self):\n        import datetime\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        response = Response('OK')\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return response\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, http_cache=(86400, {'public':True}))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        request = testing.DummyRequest()\n        when = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, response)\n        headers = dict(response.headerlist)\n        self.assertEqual(headers['Cache-Control'], 'max-age=86400, public')\n        expires = parse_httpdate(headers['Expires'])\n        assert_similar_datetime(expires, when)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.context = context\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view,  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for__as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_class(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_iface(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_trumps_for(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, for_=Foo, view=view,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_mixed_case_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/HTML', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views.items()),1)\n        self.assertFalse('text/HTML' in wrapper.media_views)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_views_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views['text/html']), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_mulview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in hot_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(hot_wrapper.views), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_context_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        class ISuper(Interface):\n            pass\n        class ISub(ISuper):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, ISuper), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=ISub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISuper,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISub,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_exception_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        class Super(Exception):\n            pass\n        class Sub(Super):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=Sub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_call_ordering(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'view2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'view3'\n        def view4(context, request): return 'view4'\n        def view5(context, request): return 'view5'\n        def view6(context, request): return 'view6'\n        def view7(context, request): return 'view7'\n        def view8(context, request): return 'view8'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='POST', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view3,request_param='param', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view4, containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view5, request_method='POST',\n                        request_param='param',  renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view6, request_method='POST', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view7, request_param='param', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view8, request_method='POST',request_param='param',\n                        containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n\n\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view1')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view2')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view3')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view4')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view5')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view6')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view7')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view8')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n        config.add_view(unknown, route_name='root', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate_with_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n\n        config.add_view(\n            unknown,\n            route_name='root',\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=('POST',),\n            xhr=True,\n        )\n\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview___discriminator__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        class IFoo(Interface):\n            pass\n        class IBar(Interface):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IFoo)\n        class Foo(object):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IBar)\n        class Bar(object):\n            pass\n        foo = Foo()\n        bar = Bar()\n\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IFoo)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IBar)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertNotEqual(\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(foo, request),\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(bar, request),\n            )\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_renderer(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(request_type=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, None)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        directlyProvides(request, IDummy)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_noniface(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_view, view, '', None, None, object)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        self.assertNotEqual(request_iface, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper, None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_nonexistant_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationExecutionError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name_exception(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper_exc_view, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('GET', 'POST'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'HEAD'))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_get_implies_head(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'HEAD'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, header='Host:a\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'whatever'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NotHost':'whatever'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'abc'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_missing(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NoHost':'1'}\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/xml']\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/html']\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, context, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            containment='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, path_info='\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/foo')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_check_csrf_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, check_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = \"POST\"\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        request.POST = {'csrf_token': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return True\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates,\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_nomatch(self):\n        import warnings\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return False\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_predicate_bests_standard_predicate(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=(pred1,),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n            config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_more_preds_first_bests_fewer_preds_last(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', xhr=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_same_predicates(self):\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'second'\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'first'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view1)\n        config.add_view(view=view2)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_param(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf='st', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {'st': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {'X-CSRF-Token': 'foo'}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_missing_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request): return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: view(None, request))\n\n    def test_add_view_with_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, permission='view', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               default_permission='view',\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_no_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class DummyPolicy(object): pass # wont be called\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class Mapper(object):\n            def __init__(self, **kw):\n                self.__class__.kw = kw\n            def __call__(self, view):\n                return view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=view, mapper=Mapper, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, None), 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(Mapper.kw['mapper'], Mapper)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_kwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view='pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_nonkwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_doesnt_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IFactory'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.commit() # does not raise\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_conflicts(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_class_method_no_attr(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class DummyViewClass(object):\n            def run(self): pass\n\n        def configure_view():\n            config.add_view(view=DummyViewClass.run, renderer=null_renderer)\n\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, configure_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_no_regular_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertTrue(view is None)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertEqual(view1, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_misconfiguration(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class NotAnException(object):\n            pass\n        self.assertRaises(\n            ConfigurationError,\n            config.add_view, view, context=NotAnException, exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = Exception()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_subclass(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, context=ValueError,\n                                  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(ValueError))\n        context = ValueError()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_exception_only(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment': 'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(\n            view=view,\n            context=Exception,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_derive_view_function(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is dummy_view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_no_explicit_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return 'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.commit()\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        result = config.derive_view(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None).body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_with_explicit_renderer(self):\n        class moo(object): pass\n        class foo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'foo'\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_renderer('foo', foo)\n        config.commit()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer='foo')\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request).body, b'foo')\n\n    def test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_type = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, '__static/')\n        self._assertRoute(config, '__static/', 'static/*subpath')\n        wrapped = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, request_type, Interface), IView, name='')\n        from pyramid.request import Request\n        request = Request.blank('/static/minimal.txt')\n        request.subpath = ('minimal.txt', )\n        result = wrapped(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.status, '200 OK')\n        self.assertTrue(result.body.startswith(b'<div'))\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static',\n                               'pyramid.tests.test_config:files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_absolute(self):\n        import os\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n        static_path = os.path.join(here, 'files')\n        config.add_static_view('static', static_path)\n        self.assertEqual(info.added,\n                         [(config, 'static', static_path, {})])\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config.add_forbidden_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_forbidden_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPForbidden()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: arg\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, (None, request))\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_notfound_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPNotFound()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_notfound_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPTemporaryRedirect, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPTemporaryRedirect))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash_custom_response(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPMovedPermanently, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=HTTPMovedPermanently\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPMovedPermanently))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    # Since Python 3 has to be all cool and fancy and different...\n    def _assertBody(self, response, value):\n        from pyramid.compat import text_type\n        if isinstance(value, text_type):  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.text, value)\n        else:  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.body, value)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        mapper = object()\n        config.set_view_mapper(mapper)\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.set_view_mapper('pyramid.tests.test_config')\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        self.assertEqual(result, test_config)\n\n    def test_add_normal_and_exception_view_intr_derived_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        view = lambda r: 'OK'\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=True)\n        config.add_view(view, context=Exception, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view_intr = introspector.introspectables[-1]\n        self.assertTrue(view_intr.type_name, 'view')\n        self.assertEqual(view_intr['callable'], view)\n        derived_view = view_intr['derived_callable']\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.scheme = 'http'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: derived_view(None, request))\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        self.assertEqual(derived_view(None, request), 'OK')",
                                "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                                "start_lineno": 17,
                                "end_lineno": 2390,
                                "parent": null
                            }
                        }
                    ],
                    "added_entities": [],
                    "deleted_entities": []
                },
                {
                    "descriptor": {
                        "old_range": {
                            "start": 869,
                            "length": 13
                        },
                        "new_range": {
                            "start": 869,
                            "length": 13
                        },
                        "section": "class TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):"
                    },
                    "line_group": {
                        "all_lines": [
                            {
                                "content": "        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in hot_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual([(x[0], x[2]) for x in hot_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual([(x[0], x[2]) for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview(self):",
                                "type": "context"
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    "modified_entities": [
                        {
                            "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py",
                            "type": "class",
                            "name": "TestViewsConfigurationMixin",
                            "content": "class TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=False)\n        return config\n\n    def _getViewCallable(self, config, ctx_iface=None, exc_iface=None,\n                         request_iface=None, name=''):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        if exc_iface:\n            classifier = IExceptionViewClassifier\n            ctx_iface = exc_iface\n        else:\n            classifier = IViewClassifier\n        if ctx_iface is None:\n            ctx_iface = Interface\n        if request_iface is None:\n            request_iface = IRequest\n        return config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (classifier, request_iface, ctx_iface), IView, name=name,\n            default=None)\n\n    def _registerRenderer(self, config, name='.txt'):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRendererFactory\n        class Renderer:\n            def __init__(self, info):\n                self.__class__.info = info\n            def __call__(self, *arg):\n                return b'Hello!'\n        config.registry.registerUtility(Renderer, IRendererFactory, name=name)\n        return Renderer\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def _assertNotFound(self, wrapper, *arg):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, *arg)\n\n    def _getRouteRequestIface(self, config, name):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        iface = config.registry.getUtility(IRouteRequest, name)\n        return iface\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_no_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_and_route_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view, view, '', None,\n                          None, True, True)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view,\n                        request_type='pyramid.interfaces.IRequest',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n        directlyProvides(request, IRequest)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_with_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self._registerRenderer(config, name='dummy')\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_introspector_missing(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.introspector = None\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_no_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertFalse(('renderer factories', '.pt') in\n                         introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_with_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector(True)\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        def dummy_factory(helper):\n            return lambda val, system_vals: 'Hello!'\n        config.add_renderer('.pt', dummy_factory)\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertTrue(\n            ('renderer factories', '.pt') in introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_wrapped_view_is_decorated(self):\n        def view(request): # request-only wrapper\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__module__, view.__module__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, view.__name__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__discriminator__(None, None).resolve()[0],\n                         'view')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, name='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name='abc')\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name_unicode(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        name = text_(b'La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        config.add_view(view=view, name=name, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name=name)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=view_wrapper,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator_tuple(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper1(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped1' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        def view_wrapper2(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped2' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=(view_wrapper2, view_wrapper1),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'wrapped2wrapped1OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_http_cache(self):\n        import datetime\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        response = Response('OK')\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return response\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, http_cache=(86400, {'public':True}))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        request = testing.DummyRequest()\n        when = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, response)\n        headers = dict(response.headerlist)\n        self.assertEqual(headers['Cache-Control'], 'max-age=86400, public')\n        expires = parse_httpdate(headers['Expires'])\n        assert_similar_datetime(expires, when)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.context = context\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view,  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for__as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_class(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_iface(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_trumps_for(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, for_=Foo, view=view,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_mixed_case_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/HTML', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views.items()),1)\n        self.assertFalse('text/HTML' in wrapper.media_views)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_views_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views['text/html']), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_mulview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in hot_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(hot_wrapper.views), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_context_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        class ISuper(Interface):\n            pass\n        class ISub(ISuper):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, ISuper), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=ISub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISuper,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISub,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_exception_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        class Super(Exception):\n            pass\n        class Sub(Super):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=Sub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_call_ordering(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'view2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'view3'\n        def view4(context, request): return 'view4'\n        def view5(context, request): return 'view5'\n        def view6(context, request): return 'view6'\n        def view7(context, request): return 'view7'\n        def view8(context, request): return 'view8'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='POST', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view3,request_param='param', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view4, containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view5, request_method='POST',\n                        request_param='param',  renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view6, request_method='POST', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view7, request_param='param', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view8, request_method='POST',request_param='param',\n                        containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n\n\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view1')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view2')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view3')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view4')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view5')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view6')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view7')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view8')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n        config.add_view(unknown, route_name='root', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate_with_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n\n        config.add_view(\n            unknown,\n            route_name='root',\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=('POST',),\n            xhr=True,\n        )\n\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview___discriminator__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        class IFoo(Interface):\n            pass\n        class IBar(Interface):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IFoo)\n        class Foo(object):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IBar)\n        class Bar(object):\n            pass\n        foo = Foo()\n        bar = Bar()\n\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IFoo)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IBar)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertNotEqual(\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(foo, request),\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(bar, request),\n            )\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_renderer(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(request_type=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, None)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        directlyProvides(request, IDummy)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_noniface(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_view, view, '', None, None, object)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        self.assertNotEqual(request_iface, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper, None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_nonexistant_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationExecutionError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name_exception(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper_exc_view, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('GET', 'POST'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'HEAD'))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_get_implies_head(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'HEAD'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, header='Host:a\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'whatever'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NotHost':'whatever'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'abc'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_missing(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NoHost':'1'}\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/xml']\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/html']\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, context, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            containment='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, path_info='\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/foo')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_check_csrf_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, check_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = \"POST\"\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        request.POST = {'csrf_token': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return True\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates,\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_nomatch(self):\n        import warnings\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return False\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_predicate_bests_standard_predicate(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=(pred1,),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n            config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_more_preds_first_bests_fewer_preds_last(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', xhr=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_same_predicates(self):\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'second'\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'first'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view1)\n        config.add_view(view=view2)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_param(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf='st', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {'st': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {'X-CSRF-Token': 'foo'}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_missing_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request): return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: view(None, request))\n\n    def test_add_view_with_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, permission='view', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               default_permission='view',\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_no_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class DummyPolicy(object): pass # wont be called\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class Mapper(object):\n            def __init__(self, **kw):\n                self.__class__.kw = kw\n            def __call__(self, view):\n                return view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=view, mapper=Mapper, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, None), 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(Mapper.kw['mapper'], Mapper)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_kwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view='pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_nonkwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_doesnt_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IFactory'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.commit() # does not raise\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_conflicts(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_class_method_no_attr(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class DummyViewClass(object):\n            def run(self): pass\n\n        def configure_view():\n            config.add_view(view=DummyViewClass.run, renderer=null_renderer)\n\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, configure_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_no_regular_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertTrue(view is None)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertEqual(view1, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_misconfiguration(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class NotAnException(object):\n            pass\n        self.assertRaises(\n            ConfigurationError,\n            config.add_view, view, context=NotAnException, exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = Exception()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_subclass(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, context=ValueError,\n                                  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(ValueError))\n        context = ValueError()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_exception_only(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment': 'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(\n            view=view,\n            context=Exception,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_derive_view_function(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is dummy_view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_no_explicit_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return 'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.commit()\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        result = config.derive_view(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None).body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_with_explicit_renderer(self):\n        class moo(object): pass\n        class foo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'foo'\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_renderer('foo', foo)\n        config.commit()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer='foo')\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request).body, b'foo')\n\n    def test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_type = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, '__static/')\n        self._assertRoute(config, '__static/', 'static/*subpath')\n        wrapped = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, request_type, Interface), IView, name='')\n        from pyramid.request import Request\n        request = Request.blank('/static/minimal.txt')\n        request.subpath = ('minimal.txt', )\n        result = wrapped(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.status, '200 OK')\n        self.assertTrue(result.body.startswith(b'<div'))\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static',\n                               'pyramid.tests.test_config:files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_absolute(self):\n        import os\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n        static_path = os.path.join(here, 'files')\n        config.add_static_view('static', static_path)\n        self.assertEqual(info.added,\n                         [(config, 'static', static_path, {})])\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config.add_forbidden_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_forbidden_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPForbidden()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: arg\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, (None, request))\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_notfound_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPNotFound()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_notfound_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPTemporaryRedirect, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPTemporaryRedirect))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash_custom_response(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPMovedPermanently, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=HTTPMovedPermanently\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPMovedPermanently))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    # Since Python 3 has to be all cool and fancy and different...\n    def _assertBody(self, response, value):\n        from pyramid.compat import text_type\n        if isinstance(value, text_type):  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.text, value)\n        else:  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.body, value)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        mapper = object()\n        config.set_view_mapper(mapper)\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.set_view_mapper('pyramid.tests.test_config')\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        self.assertEqual(result, test_config)\n\n    def test_add_normal_and_exception_view_intr_derived_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        view = lambda r: 'OK'\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=True)\n        config.add_view(view, context=Exception, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view_intr = introspector.introspectables[-1]\n        self.assertTrue(view_intr.type_name, 'view')\n        self.assertEqual(view_intr['callable'], view)\n        derived_view = view_intr['derived_callable']\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.scheme = 'http'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: derived_view(None, request))\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        self.assertEqual(derived_view(None, request), 'OK')",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 17,
                            "end_lineno": 2390,
                            "parent": null
                        },
                        {
                            "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py",
                            "type": "method",
                            "name": "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews",
                            "content": "class TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=False)\n        return config\n\n    def _getViewCallable(self, config, ctx_iface=None, exc_iface=None,\n                         request_iface=None, name=''):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        if exc_iface:\n            classifier = IExceptionViewClassifier\n            ctx_iface = exc_iface\n        else:\n            classifier = IViewClassifier\n        if ctx_iface is None:\n            ctx_iface = Interface\n        if request_iface is None:\n            request_iface = IRequest\n        return config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (classifier, request_iface, ctx_iface), IView, name=name,\n            default=None)\n\n    def _registerRenderer(self, config, name='.txt'):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRendererFactory\n        class Renderer:\n            def __init__(self, info):\n                self.__class__.info = info\n            def __call__(self, *arg):\n                return b'Hello!'\n        config.registry.registerUtility(Renderer, IRendererFactory, name=name)\n        return Renderer\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def _assertNotFound(self, wrapper, *arg):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, *arg)\n\n    def _getRouteRequestIface(self, config, name):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        iface = config.registry.getUtility(IRouteRequest, name)\n        return iface\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_no_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_and_route_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view, view, '', None,\n                          None, True, True)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view,\n                        request_type='pyramid.interfaces.IRequest',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n        directlyProvides(request, IRequest)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_with_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self._registerRenderer(config, name='dummy')\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_introspector_missing(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.introspector = None\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_no_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertFalse(('renderer factories', '.pt') in\n                         introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_with_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector(True)\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        def dummy_factory(helper):\n            return lambda val, system_vals: 'Hello!'\n        config.add_renderer('.pt', dummy_factory)\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertTrue(\n            ('renderer factories', '.pt') in introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_wrapped_view_is_decorated(self):\n        def view(request): # request-only wrapper\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__module__, view.__module__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, view.__name__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__discriminator__(None, None).resolve()[0],\n                         'view')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, name='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name='abc')\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name_unicode(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        name = text_(b'La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        config.add_view(view=view, name=name, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name=name)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=view_wrapper,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator_tuple(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper1(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped1' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        def view_wrapper2(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped2' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=(view_wrapper2, view_wrapper1),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'wrapped2wrapped1OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_http_cache(self):\n        import datetime\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        response = Response('OK')\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return response\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, http_cache=(86400, {'public':True}))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        request = testing.DummyRequest()\n        when = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, response)\n        headers = dict(response.headerlist)\n        self.assertEqual(headers['Cache-Control'], 'max-age=86400, public')\n        expires = parse_httpdate(headers['Expires'])\n        assert_similar_datetime(expires, when)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.context = context\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view,  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for__as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_class(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_iface(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_trumps_for(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, for_=Foo, view=view,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_mixed_case_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/HTML', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views.items()),1)\n        self.assertFalse('text/HTML' in wrapper.media_views)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_views_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views['text/html']), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_mulview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in hot_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(hot_wrapper.views), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_context_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        class ISuper(Interface):\n            pass\n        class ISub(ISuper):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, ISuper), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=ISub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISuper,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISub,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_exception_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        class Super(Exception):\n            pass\n        class Sub(Super):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=Sub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_call_ordering(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'view2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'view3'\n        def view4(context, request): return 'view4'\n        def view5(context, request): return 'view5'\n        def view6(context, request): return 'view6'\n        def view7(context, request): return 'view7'\n        def view8(context, request): return 'view8'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='POST', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view3,request_param='param', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view4, containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view5, request_method='POST',\n                        request_param='param',  renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view6, request_method='POST', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view7, request_param='param', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view8, request_method='POST',request_param='param',\n                        containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n\n\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view1')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view2')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view3')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view4')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view5')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view6')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view7')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view8')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n        config.add_view(unknown, route_name='root', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate_with_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n\n        config.add_view(\n            unknown,\n            route_name='root',\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=('POST',),\n            xhr=True,\n        )\n\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview___discriminator__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        class IFoo(Interface):\n            pass\n        class IBar(Interface):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IFoo)\n        class Foo(object):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IBar)\n        class Bar(object):\n            pass\n        foo = Foo()\n        bar = Bar()\n\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IFoo)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IBar)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertNotEqual(\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(foo, request),\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(bar, request),\n            )\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_renderer(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(request_type=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, None)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        directlyProvides(request, IDummy)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_noniface(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_view, view, '', None, None, object)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        self.assertNotEqual(request_iface, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper, None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_nonexistant_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationExecutionError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name_exception(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper_exc_view, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('GET', 'POST'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'HEAD'))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_get_implies_head(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'HEAD'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, header='Host:a\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'whatever'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NotHost':'whatever'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'abc'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_missing(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NoHost':'1'}\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/xml']\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/html']\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, context, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            containment='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, path_info='\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/foo')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_check_csrf_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, check_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = \"POST\"\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        request.POST = {'csrf_token': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return True\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates,\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_nomatch(self):\n        import warnings\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return False\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_predicate_bests_standard_predicate(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=(pred1,),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n            config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_more_preds_first_bests_fewer_preds_last(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', xhr=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_same_predicates(self):\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'second'\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'first'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view1)\n        config.add_view(view=view2)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_param(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf='st', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {'st': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {'X-CSRF-Token': 'foo'}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_missing_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request): return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: view(None, request))\n\n    def test_add_view_with_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, permission='view', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               default_permission='view',\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_no_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class DummyPolicy(object): pass # wont be called\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class Mapper(object):\n            def __init__(self, **kw):\n                self.__class__.kw = kw\n            def __call__(self, view):\n                return view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=view, mapper=Mapper, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, None), 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(Mapper.kw['mapper'], Mapper)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_kwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view='pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_nonkwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_doesnt_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IFactory'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.commit() # does not raise\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_conflicts(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_class_method_no_attr(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class DummyViewClass(object):\n            def run(self): pass\n\n        def configure_view():\n            config.add_view(view=DummyViewClass.run, renderer=null_renderer)\n\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, configure_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_no_regular_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertTrue(view is None)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertEqual(view1, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_misconfiguration(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class NotAnException(object):\n            pass\n        self.assertRaises(\n            ConfigurationError,\n            config.add_view, view, context=NotAnException, exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = Exception()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_subclass(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, context=ValueError,\n                                  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(ValueError))\n        context = ValueError()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_exception_only(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment': 'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(\n            view=view,\n            context=Exception,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_derive_view_function(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is dummy_view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_no_explicit_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return 'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.commit()\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        result = config.derive_view(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None).body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_with_explicit_renderer(self):\n        class moo(object): pass\n        class foo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'foo'\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_renderer('foo', foo)\n        config.commit()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer='foo')\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request).body, b'foo')\n\n    def test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_type = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, '__static/')\n        self._assertRoute(config, '__static/', 'static/*subpath')\n        wrapped = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, request_type, Interface), IView, name='')\n        from pyramid.request import Request\n        request = Request.blank('/static/minimal.txt')\n        request.subpath = ('minimal.txt', )\n        result = wrapped(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.status, '200 OK')\n        self.assertTrue(result.body.startswith(b'<div'))\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static',\n                               'pyramid.tests.test_config:files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_absolute(self):\n        import os\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n        static_path = os.path.join(here, 'files')\n        config.add_static_view('static', static_path)\n        self.assertEqual(info.added,\n                         [(config, 'static', static_path, {})])\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config.add_forbidden_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_forbidden_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPForbidden()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: arg\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, (None, request))\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_notfound_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPNotFound()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_notfound_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPTemporaryRedirect, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPTemporaryRedirect))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash_custom_response(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPMovedPermanently, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=HTTPMovedPermanently\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPMovedPermanently))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    # Since Python 3 has to be all cool and fancy and different...\n    def _assertBody(self, response, value):\n        from pyramid.compat import text_type\n        if isinstance(value, text_type):  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.text, value)\n        else:  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.body, value)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        mapper = object()\n        config.set_view_mapper(mapper)\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.set_view_mapper('pyramid.tests.test_config')\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        self.assertEqual(result, test_config)\n\n    def test_add_normal_and_exception_view_intr_derived_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        view = lambda r: 'OK'\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=True)\n        config.add_view(view, context=Exception, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view_intr = introspector.introspectables[-1]\n        self.assertTrue(view_intr.type_name, 'view')\n        self.assertEqual(view_intr['callable'], view)\n        derived_view = view_intr['derived_callable']\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.scheme = 'http'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: derived_view(None, request))\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        self.assertEqual(derived_view(None, request), 'OK')",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 848,
                            "end_lineno": 879,
                            "parent": {
                                "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py",
                                "type": "class",
                                "name": "TestViewsConfigurationMixin",
                                "content": "class TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=False)\n        return config\n\n    def _getViewCallable(self, config, ctx_iface=None, exc_iface=None,\n                         request_iface=None, name=''):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        if exc_iface:\n            classifier = IExceptionViewClassifier\n            ctx_iface = exc_iface\n        else:\n            classifier = IViewClassifier\n        if ctx_iface is None:\n            ctx_iface = Interface\n        if request_iface is None:\n            request_iface = IRequest\n        return config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (classifier, request_iface, ctx_iface), IView, name=name,\n            default=None)\n\n    def _registerRenderer(self, config, name='.txt'):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRendererFactory\n        class Renderer:\n            def __init__(self, info):\n                self.__class__.info = info\n            def __call__(self, *arg):\n                return b'Hello!'\n        config.registry.registerUtility(Renderer, IRendererFactory, name=name)\n        return Renderer\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def _assertNotFound(self, wrapper, *arg):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, *arg)\n\n    def _getRouteRequestIface(self, config, name):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        iface = config.registry.getUtility(IRouteRequest, name)\n        return iface\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_no_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_and_route_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view, view, '', None,\n                          None, True, True)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view,\n                        request_type='pyramid.interfaces.IRequest',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n        directlyProvides(request, IRequest)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_with_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self._registerRenderer(config, name='dummy')\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_introspector_missing(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.introspector = None\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_no_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertFalse(('renderer factories', '.pt') in\n                         introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_with_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector(True)\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        def dummy_factory(helper):\n            return lambda val, system_vals: 'Hello!'\n        config.add_renderer('.pt', dummy_factory)\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertTrue(\n            ('renderer factories', '.pt') in introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_wrapped_view_is_decorated(self):\n        def view(request): # request-only wrapper\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__module__, view.__module__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, view.__name__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__discriminator__(None, None).resolve()[0],\n                         'view')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, name='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name='abc')\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name_unicode(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        name = text_(b'La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        config.add_view(view=view, name=name, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name=name)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=view_wrapper,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator_tuple(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper1(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped1' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        def view_wrapper2(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped2' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=(view_wrapper2, view_wrapper1),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'wrapped2wrapped1OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_http_cache(self):\n        import datetime\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        response = Response('OK')\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return response\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, http_cache=(86400, {'public':True}))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        request = testing.DummyRequest()\n        when = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, response)\n        headers = dict(response.headerlist)\n        self.assertEqual(headers['Cache-Control'], 'max-age=86400, public')\n        expires = parse_httpdate(headers['Expires'])\n        assert_similar_datetime(expires, when)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.context = context\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view,  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for__as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_class(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_iface(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_trumps_for(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, for_=Foo, view=view,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_mixed_case_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/HTML', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views.items()),1)\n        self.assertFalse('text/HTML' in wrapper.media_views)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_views_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views['text/html']), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_mulview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in hot_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(hot_wrapper.views), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_context_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        class ISuper(Interface):\n            pass\n        class ISub(ISuper):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, ISuper), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=ISub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISuper,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISub,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_exception_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        class Super(Exception):\n            pass\n        class Sub(Super):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=Sub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_call_ordering(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'view2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'view3'\n        def view4(context, request): return 'view4'\n        def view5(context, request): return 'view5'\n        def view6(context, request): return 'view6'\n        def view7(context, request): return 'view7'\n        def view8(context, request): return 'view8'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='POST', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view3,request_param='param', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view4, containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view5, request_method='POST',\n                        request_param='param',  renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view6, request_method='POST', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view7, request_param='param', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view8, request_method='POST',request_param='param',\n                        containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n\n\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view1')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view2')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view3')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view4')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view5')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view6')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view7')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view8')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n        config.add_view(unknown, route_name='root', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate_with_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n\n        config.add_view(\n            unknown,\n            route_name='root',\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=('POST',),\n            xhr=True,\n        )\n\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview___discriminator__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        class IFoo(Interface):\n            pass\n        class IBar(Interface):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IFoo)\n        class Foo(object):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IBar)\n        class Bar(object):\n            pass\n        foo = Foo()\n        bar = Bar()\n\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IFoo)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IBar)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertNotEqual(\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(foo, request),\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(bar, request),\n            )\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_renderer(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(request_type=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, None)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        directlyProvides(request, IDummy)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_noniface(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_view, view, '', None, None, object)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        self.assertNotEqual(request_iface, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper, None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_nonexistant_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationExecutionError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name_exception(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper_exc_view, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('GET', 'POST'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'HEAD'))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_get_implies_head(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'HEAD'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, header='Host:a\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'whatever'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NotHost':'whatever'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'abc'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_missing(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NoHost':'1'}\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/xml']\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/html']\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, context, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            containment='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, path_info='\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/foo')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_check_csrf_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, check_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = \"POST\"\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        request.POST = {'csrf_token': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return True\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates,\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_nomatch(self):\n        import warnings\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return False\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_predicate_bests_standard_predicate(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=(pred1,),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n            config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_more_preds_first_bests_fewer_preds_last(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', xhr=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_same_predicates(self):\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'second'\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'first'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view1)\n        config.add_view(view=view2)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_param(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf='st', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {'st': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {'X-CSRF-Token': 'foo'}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_missing_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request): return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: view(None, request))\n\n    def test_add_view_with_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, permission='view', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               default_permission='view',\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_no_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class DummyPolicy(object): pass # wont be called\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class Mapper(object):\n            def __init__(self, **kw):\n                self.__class__.kw = kw\n            def __call__(self, view):\n                return view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=view, mapper=Mapper, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, None), 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(Mapper.kw['mapper'], Mapper)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_kwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view='pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_nonkwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_doesnt_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IFactory'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.commit() # does not raise\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_conflicts(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_class_method_no_attr(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class DummyViewClass(object):\n            def run(self): pass\n\n        def configure_view():\n            config.add_view(view=DummyViewClass.run, renderer=null_renderer)\n\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, configure_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_no_regular_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertTrue(view is None)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertEqual(view1, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_misconfiguration(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class NotAnException(object):\n            pass\n        self.assertRaises(\n            ConfigurationError,\n            config.add_view, view, context=NotAnException, exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = Exception()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_subclass(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, context=ValueError,\n                                  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(ValueError))\n        context = ValueError()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_exception_only(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment': 'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(\n            view=view,\n            context=Exception,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_derive_view_function(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is dummy_view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_no_explicit_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return 'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.commit()\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        result = config.derive_view(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None).body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_with_explicit_renderer(self):\n        class moo(object): pass\n        class foo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'foo'\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_renderer('foo', foo)\n        config.commit()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer='foo')\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request).body, b'foo')\n\n    def test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_type = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, '__static/')\n        self._assertRoute(config, '__static/', 'static/*subpath')\n        wrapped = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, request_type, Interface), IView, name='')\n        from pyramid.request import Request\n        request = Request.blank('/static/minimal.txt')\n        request.subpath = ('minimal.txt', )\n        result = wrapped(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.status, '200 OK')\n        self.assertTrue(result.body.startswith(b'<div'))\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static',\n                               'pyramid.tests.test_config:files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_absolute(self):\n        import os\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n        static_path = os.path.join(here, 'files')\n        config.add_static_view('static', static_path)\n        self.assertEqual(info.added,\n                         [(config, 'static', static_path, {})])\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config.add_forbidden_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_forbidden_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPForbidden()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: arg\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, (None, request))\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_notfound_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPNotFound()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_notfound_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPTemporaryRedirect, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPTemporaryRedirect))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash_custom_response(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPMovedPermanently, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=HTTPMovedPermanently\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPMovedPermanently))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    # Since Python 3 has to be all cool and fancy and different...\n    def _assertBody(self, response, value):\n        from pyramid.compat import text_type\n        if isinstance(value, text_type):  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.text, value)\n        else:  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.body, value)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        mapper = object()\n        config.set_view_mapper(mapper)\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.set_view_mapper('pyramid.tests.test_config')\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        self.assertEqual(result, test_config)\n\n    def test_add_normal_and_exception_view_intr_derived_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        view = lambda r: 'OK'\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=True)\n        config.add_view(view, context=Exception, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view_intr = introspector.introspectables[-1]\n        self.assertTrue(view_intr.type_name, 'view')\n        self.assertEqual(view_intr['callable'], view)\n        derived_view = view_intr['derived_callable']\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.scheme = 'http'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: derived_view(None, request))\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        self.assertEqual(derived_view(None, request), 'OK')",
                                "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                                "start_lineno": 17,
                                "end_lineno": 2390,
                                "parent": null
                            }
                        }
                    ],
                    "added_entities": [],
                    "deleted_entities": []
                },
                {
                    "descriptor": {
                        "old_range": {
                            "start": 908,
                            "length": 7
                        },
                        "new_range": {
                            "start": 908,
                            "length": 7
                        },
                        "section": "class TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):"
                    },
                    "line_group": {
                        "all_lines": [
                            {
                                "content": "        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual([(x[0], x[2]) for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    def test_add_view_multiview_context_superclass_then_subclass(self):",
                                "type": "context"
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    "modified_entities": [
                        {
                            "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py",
                            "type": "class",
                            "name": "TestViewsConfigurationMixin",
                            "content": "class TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=False)\n        return config\n\n    def _getViewCallable(self, config, ctx_iface=None, exc_iface=None,\n                         request_iface=None, name=''):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        if exc_iface:\n            classifier = IExceptionViewClassifier\n            ctx_iface = exc_iface\n        else:\n            classifier = IViewClassifier\n        if ctx_iface is None:\n            ctx_iface = Interface\n        if request_iface is None:\n            request_iface = IRequest\n        return config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (classifier, request_iface, ctx_iface), IView, name=name,\n            default=None)\n\n    def _registerRenderer(self, config, name='.txt'):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRendererFactory\n        class Renderer:\n            def __init__(self, info):\n                self.__class__.info = info\n            def __call__(self, *arg):\n                return b'Hello!'\n        config.registry.registerUtility(Renderer, IRendererFactory, name=name)\n        return Renderer\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def _assertNotFound(self, wrapper, *arg):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, *arg)\n\n    def _getRouteRequestIface(self, config, name):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        iface = config.registry.getUtility(IRouteRequest, name)\n        return iface\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_no_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_and_route_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view, view, '', None,\n                          None, True, True)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view,\n                        request_type='pyramid.interfaces.IRequest',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n        directlyProvides(request, IRequest)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_with_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self._registerRenderer(config, name='dummy')\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_introspector_missing(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.introspector = None\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_no_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertFalse(('renderer factories', '.pt') in\n                         introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_with_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector(True)\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        def dummy_factory(helper):\n            return lambda val, system_vals: 'Hello!'\n        config.add_renderer('.pt', dummy_factory)\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertTrue(\n            ('renderer factories', '.pt') in introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_wrapped_view_is_decorated(self):\n        def view(request): # request-only wrapper\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__module__, view.__module__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, view.__name__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__discriminator__(None, None).resolve()[0],\n                         'view')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, name='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name='abc')\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name_unicode(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        name = text_(b'La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        config.add_view(view=view, name=name, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name=name)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=view_wrapper,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator_tuple(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper1(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped1' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        def view_wrapper2(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped2' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=(view_wrapper2, view_wrapper1),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'wrapped2wrapped1OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_http_cache(self):\n        import datetime\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        response = Response('OK')\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return response\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, http_cache=(86400, {'public':True}))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        request = testing.DummyRequest()\n        when = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, response)\n        headers = dict(response.headerlist)\n        self.assertEqual(headers['Cache-Control'], 'max-age=86400, public')\n        expires = parse_httpdate(headers['Expires'])\n        assert_similar_datetime(expires, when)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.context = context\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view,  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for__as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_class(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_iface(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_trumps_for(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, for_=Foo, view=view,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_mixed_case_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/HTML', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views.items()),1)\n        self.assertFalse('text/HTML' in wrapper.media_views)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_views_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views['text/html']), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_mulview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in hot_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(hot_wrapper.views), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_context_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        class ISuper(Interface):\n            pass\n        class ISub(ISuper):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, ISuper), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=ISub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISuper,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISub,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_exception_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        class Super(Exception):\n            pass\n        class Sub(Super):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=Sub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_call_ordering(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'view2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'view3'\n        def view4(context, request): return 'view4'\n        def view5(context, request): return 'view5'\n        def view6(context, request): return 'view6'\n        def view7(context, request): return 'view7'\n        def view8(context, request): return 'view8'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='POST', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view3,request_param='param', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view4, containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view5, request_method='POST',\n                        request_param='param',  renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view6, request_method='POST', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view7, request_param='param', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view8, request_method='POST',request_param='param',\n                        containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n\n\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view1')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view2')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view3')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view4')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view5')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view6')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view7')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view8')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n        config.add_view(unknown, route_name='root', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate_with_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n\n        config.add_view(\n            unknown,\n            route_name='root',\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=('POST',),\n            xhr=True,\n        )\n\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview___discriminator__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        class IFoo(Interface):\n            pass\n        class IBar(Interface):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IFoo)\n        class Foo(object):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IBar)\n        class Bar(object):\n            pass\n        foo = Foo()\n        bar = Bar()\n\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IFoo)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IBar)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertNotEqual(\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(foo, request),\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(bar, request),\n            )\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_renderer(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(request_type=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, None)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        directlyProvides(request, IDummy)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_noniface(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_view, view, '', None, None, object)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        self.assertNotEqual(request_iface, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper, None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_nonexistant_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationExecutionError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name_exception(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper_exc_view, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('GET', 'POST'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'HEAD'))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_get_implies_head(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'HEAD'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, header='Host:a\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'whatever'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NotHost':'whatever'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'abc'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_missing(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NoHost':'1'}\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/xml']\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/html']\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, context, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            containment='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, path_info='\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/foo')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_check_csrf_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, check_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = \"POST\"\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        request.POST = {'csrf_token': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return True\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates,\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_nomatch(self):\n        import warnings\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return False\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_predicate_bests_standard_predicate(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=(pred1,),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n            config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_more_preds_first_bests_fewer_preds_last(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', xhr=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_same_predicates(self):\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'second'\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'first'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view1)\n        config.add_view(view=view2)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_param(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf='st', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {'st': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {'X-CSRF-Token': 'foo'}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_missing_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request): return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: view(None, request))\n\n    def test_add_view_with_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, permission='view', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               default_permission='view',\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_no_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class DummyPolicy(object): pass # wont be called\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class Mapper(object):\n            def __init__(self, **kw):\n                self.__class__.kw = kw\n            def __call__(self, view):\n                return view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=view, mapper=Mapper, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, None), 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(Mapper.kw['mapper'], Mapper)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_kwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view='pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_nonkwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_doesnt_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IFactory'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.commit() # does not raise\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_conflicts(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_class_method_no_attr(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class DummyViewClass(object):\n            def run(self): pass\n\n        def configure_view():\n            config.add_view(view=DummyViewClass.run, renderer=null_renderer)\n\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, configure_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_no_regular_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertTrue(view is None)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertEqual(view1, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_misconfiguration(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class NotAnException(object):\n            pass\n        self.assertRaises(\n            ConfigurationError,\n            config.add_view, view, context=NotAnException, exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = Exception()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_subclass(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, context=ValueError,\n                                  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(ValueError))\n        context = ValueError()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_exception_only(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment': 'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(\n            view=view,\n            context=Exception,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_derive_view_function(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is dummy_view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_no_explicit_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return 'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.commit()\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        result = config.derive_view(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None).body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_with_explicit_renderer(self):\n        class moo(object): pass\n        class foo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'foo'\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_renderer('foo', foo)\n        config.commit()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer='foo')\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request).body, b'foo')\n\n    def test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_type = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, '__static/')\n        self._assertRoute(config, '__static/', 'static/*subpath')\n        wrapped = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, request_type, Interface), IView, name='')\n        from pyramid.request import Request\n        request = Request.blank('/static/minimal.txt')\n        request.subpath = ('minimal.txt', )\n        result = wrapped(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.status, '200 OK')\n        self.assertTrue(result.body.startswith(b'<div'))\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static',\n                               'pyramid.tests.test_config:files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_absolute(self):\n        import os\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n        static_path = os.path.join(here, 'files')\n        config.add_static_view('static', static_path)\n        self.assertEqual(info.added,\n                         [(config, 'static', static_path, {})])\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config.add_forbidden_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_forbidden_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPForbidden()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: arg\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, (None, request))\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_notfound_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPNotFound()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_notfound_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPTemporaryRedirect, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPTemporaryRedirect))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash_custom_response(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPMovedPermanently, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=HTTPMovedPermanently\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPMovedPermanently))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    # Since Python 3 has to be all cool and fancy and different...\n    def _assertBody(self, response, value):\n        from pyramid.compat import text_type\n        if isinstance(value, text_type):  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.text, value)\n        else:  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.body, value)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        mapper = object()\n        config.set_view_mapper(mapper)\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.set_view_mapper('pyramid.tests.test_config')\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        self.assertEqual(result, test_config)\n\n    def test_add_normal_and_exception_view_intr_derived_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        view = lambda r: 'OK'\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=True)\n        config.add_view(view, context=Exception, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view_intr = introspector.introspectables[-1]\n        self.assertTrue(view_intr.type_name, 'view')\n        self.assertEqual(view_intr['callable'], view)\n        derived_view = view_intr['derived_callable']\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.scheme = 'http'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: derived_view(None, request))\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        self.assertEqual(derived_view(None, request), 'OK')",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 17,
                            "end_lineno": 2390,
                            "parent": null
                        },
                        {
                            "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py",
                            "type": "method",
                            "name": "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview",
                            "content": "class TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=False)\n        return config\n\n    def _getViewCallable(self, config, ctx_iface=None, exc_iface=None,\n                         request_iface=None, name=''):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        if exc_iface:\n            classifier = IExceptionViewClassifier\n            ctx_iface = exc_iface\n        else:\n            classifier = IViewClassifier\n        if ctx_iface is None:\n            ctx_iface = Interface\n        if request_iface is None:\n            request_iface = IRequest\n        return config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (classifier, request_iface, ctx_iface), IView, name=name,\n            default=None)\n\n    def _registerRenderer(self, config, name='.txt'):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRendererFactory\n        class Renderer:\n            def __init__(self, info):\n                self.__class__.info = info\n            def __call__(self, *arg):\n                return b'Hello!'\n        config.registry.registerUtility(Renderer, IRendererFactory, name=name)\n        return Renderer\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def _assertNotFound(self, wrapper, *arg):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, *arg)\n\n    def _getRouteRequestIface(self, config, name):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        iface = config.registry.getUtility(IRouteRequest, name)\n        return iface\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_no_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_and_route_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view, view, '', None,\n                          None, True, True)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view,\n                        request_type='pyramid.interfaces.IRequest',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n        directlyProvides(request, IRequest)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_with_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self._registerRenderer(config, name='dummy')\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_introspector_missing(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.introspector = None\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_no_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertFalse(('renderer factories', '.pt') in\n                         introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_with_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector(True)\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        def dummy_factory(helper):\n            return lambda val, system_vals: 'Hello!'\n        config.add_renderer('.pt', dummy_factory)\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertTrue(\n            ('renderer factories', '.pt') in introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_wrapped_view_is_decorated(self):\n        def view(request): # request-only wrapper\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__module__, view.__module__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, view.__name__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__discriminator__(None, None).resolve()[0],\n                         'view')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, name='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name='abc')\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name_unicode(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        name = text_(b'La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        config.add_view(view=view, name=name, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name=name)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=view_wrapper,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator_tuple(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper1(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped1' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        def view_wrapper2(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped2' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=(view_wrapper2, view_wrapper1),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'wrapped2wrapped1OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_http_cache(self):\n        import datetime\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        response = Response('OK')\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return response\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, http_cache=(86400, {'public':True}))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        request = testing.DummyRequest()\n        when = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, response)\n        headers = dict(response.headerlist)\n        self.assertEqual(headers['Cache-Control'], 'max-age=86400, public')\n        expires = parse_httpdate(headers['Expires'])\n        assert_similar_datetime(expires, when)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.context = context\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view,  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for__as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_class(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_iface(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_trumps_for(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, for_=Foo, view=view,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_mixed_case_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/HTML', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views.items()),1)\n        self.assertFalse('text/HTML' in wrapper.media_views)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_views_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views['text/html']), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_mulview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in hot_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(hot_wrapper.views), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_context_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        class ISuper(Interface):\n            pass\n        class ISub(ISuper):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, ISuper), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=ISub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISuper,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISub,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_exception_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        class Super(Exception):\n            pass\n        class Sub(Super):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=Sub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_call_ordering(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'view2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'view3'\n        def view4(context, request): return 'view4'\n        def view5(context, request): return 'view5'\n        def view6(context, request): return 'view6'\n        def view7(context, request): return 'view7'\n        def view8(context, request): return 'view8'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='POST', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view3,request_param='param', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view4, containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view5, request_method='POST',\n                        request_param='param',  renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view6, request_method='POST', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view7, request_param='param', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view8, request_method='POST',request_param='param',\n                        containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n\n\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view1')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view2')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view3')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view4')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view5')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view6')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view7')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view8')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n        config.add_view(unknown, route_name='root', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate_with_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n\n        config.add_view(\n            unknown,\n            route_name='root',\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=('POST',),\n            xhr=True,\n        )\n\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview___discriminator__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        class IFoo(Interface):\n            pass\n        class IBar(Interface):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IFoo)\n        class Foo(object):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IBar)\n        class Bar(object):\n            pass\n        foo = Foo()\n        bar = Bar()\n\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IFoo)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IBar)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertNotEqual(\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(foo, request),\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(bar, request),\n            )\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_renderer(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(request_type=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, None)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        directlyProvides(request, IDummy)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_noniface(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_view, view, '', None, None, object)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        self.assertNotEqual(request_iface, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper, None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_nonexistant_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationExecutionError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name_exception(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper_exc_view, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('GET', 'POST'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'HEAD'))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_get_implies_head(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'HEAD'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, header='Host:a\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'whatever'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NotHost':'whatever'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'abc'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_missing(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NoHost':'1'}\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/xml']\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/html']\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, context, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            containment='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, path_info='\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/foo')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_check_csrf_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, check_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = \"POST\"\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        request.POST = {'csrf_token': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return True\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates,\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_nomatch(self):\n        import warnings\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return False\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_predicate_bests_standard_predicate(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=(pred1,),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n            config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_more_preds_first_bests_fewer_preds_last(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', xhr=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_same_predicates(self):\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'second'\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'first'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view1)\n        config.add_view(view=view2)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_param(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf='st', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {'st': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {'X-CSRF-Token': 'foo'}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_missing_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request): return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: view(None, request))\n\n    def test_add_view_with_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, permission='view', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               default_permission='view',\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_no_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class DummyPolicy(object): pass # wont be called\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class Mapper(object):\n            def __init__(self, **kw):\n                self.__class__.kw = kw\n            def __call__(self, view):\n                return view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=view, mapper=Mapper, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, None), 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(Mapper.kw['mapper'], Mapper)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_kwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view='pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_nonkwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_doesnt_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IFactory'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.commit() # does not raise\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_conflicts(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_class_method_no_attr(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class DummyViewClass(object):\n            def run(self): pass\n\n        def configure_view():\n            config.add_view(view=DummyViewClass.run, renderer=null_renderer)\n\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, configure_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_no_regular_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertTrue(view is None)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertEqual(view1, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_misconfiguration(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class NotAnException(object):\n            pass\n        self.assertRaises(\n            ConfigurationError,\n            config.add_view, view, context=NotAnException, exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = Exception()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_subclass(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, context=ValueError,\n                                  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(ValueError))\n        context = ValueError()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_exception_only(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment': 'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(\n            view=view,\n            context=Exception,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_derive_view_function(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is dummy_view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_no_explicit_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return 'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.commit()\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        result = config.derive_view(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None).body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_with_explicit_renderer(self):\n        class moo(object): pass\n        class foo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'foo'\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_renderer('foo', foo)\n        config.commit()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer='foo')\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request).body, b'foo')\n\n    def test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_type = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, '__static/')\n        self._assertRoute(config, '__static/', 'static/*subpath')\n        wrapped = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, request_type, Interface), IView, name='')\n        from pyramid.request import Request\n        request = Request.blank('/static/minimal.txt')\n        request.subpath = ('minimal.txt', )\n        result = wrapped(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.status, '200 OK')\n        self.assertTrue(result.body.startswith(b'<div'))\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static',\n                               'pyramid.tests.test_config:files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_absolute(self):\n        import os\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n        static_path = os.path.join(here, 'files')\n        config.add_static_view('static', static_path)\n        self.assertEqual(info.added,\n                         [(config, 'static', static_path, {})])\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config.add_forbidden_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_forbidden_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPForbidden()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: arg\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, (None, request))\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_notfound_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPNotFound()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_notfound_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPTemporaryRedirect, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPTemporaryRedirect))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash_custom_response(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPMovedPermanently, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=HTTPMovedPermanently\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPMovedPermanently))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    # Since Python 3 has to be all cool and fancy and different...\n    def _assertBody(self, response, value):\n        from pyramid.compat import text_type\n        if isinstance(value, text_type):  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.text, value)\n        else:  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.body, value)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        mapper = object()\n        config.set_view_mapper(mapper)\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.set_view_mapper('pyramid.tests.test_config')\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        self.assertEqual(result, test_config)\n\n    def test_add_normal_and_exception_view_intr_derived_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        view = lambda r: 'OK'\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=True)\n        config.add_view(view, context=Exception, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view_intr = introspector.introspectables[-1]\n        self.assertTrue(view_intr.type_name, 'view')\n        self.assertEqual(view_intr['callable'], view)\n        derived_view = view_intr['derived_callable']\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.scheme = 'http'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: derived_view(None, request))\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        self.assertEqual(derived_view(None, request), 'OK')",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 881,
                            "end_lineno": 912,
                            "parent": {
                                "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py",
                                "type": "class",
                                "name": "TestViewsConfigurationMixin",
                                "content": "class TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=False)\n        return config\n\n    def _getViewCallable(self, config, ctx_iface=None, exc_iface=None,\n                         request_iface=None, name=''):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        if exc_iface:\n            classifier = IExceptionViewClassifier\n            ctx_iface = exc_iface\n        else:\n            classifier = IViewClassifier\n        if ctx_iface is None:\n            ctx_iface = Interface\n        if request_iface is None:\n            request_iface = IRequest\n        return config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (classifier, request_iface, ctx_iface), IView, name=name,\n            default=None)\n\n    def _registerRenderer(self, config, name='.txt'):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRendererFactory\n        class Renderer:\n            def __init__(self, info):\n                self.__class__.info = info\n            def __call__(self, *arg):\n                return b'Hello!'\n        config.registry.registerUtility(Renderer, IRendererFactory, name=name)\n        return Renderer\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def _assertNotFound(self, wrapper, *arg):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, *arg)\n\n    def _getRouteRequestIface(self, config, name):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        iface = config.registry.getUtility(IRouteRequest, name)\n        return iface\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_no_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_and_route_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view, view, '', None,\n                          None, True, True)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view,\n                        request_type='pyramid.interfaces.IRequest',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n        directlyProvides(request, IRequest)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_with_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self._registerRenderer(config, name='dummy')\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_introspector_missing(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.introspector = None\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_no_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertFalse(('renderer factories', '.pt') in\n                         introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_with_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector(True)\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        def dummy_factory(helper):\n            return lambda val, system_vals: 'Hello!'\n        config.add_renderer('.pt', dummy_factory)\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertTrue(\n            ('renderer factories', '.pt') in introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_wrapped_view_is_decorated(self):\n        def view(request): # request-only wrapper\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__module__, view.__module__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, view.__name__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__discriminator__(None, None).resolve()[0],\n                         'view')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, name='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name='abc')\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name_unicode(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        name = text_(b'La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        config.add_view(view=view, name=name, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name=name)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=view_wrapper,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator_tuple(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper1(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped1' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        def view_wrapper2(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped2' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=(view_wrapper2, view_wrapper1),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'wrapped2wrapped1OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_http_cache(self):\n        import datetime\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        response = Response('OK')\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return response\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, http_cache=(86400, {'public':True}))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        request = testing.DummyRequest()\n        when = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, response)\n        headers = dict(response.headerlist)\n        self.assertEqual(headers['Cache-Control'], 'max-age=86400, public')\n        expires = parse_httpdate(headers['Expires'])\n        assert_similar_datetime(expires, when)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.context = context\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view,  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for__as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_class(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_iface(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_trumps_for(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, for_=Foo, view=view,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_mixed_case_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/HTML', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views.items()),1)\n        self.assertFalse('text/HTML' in wrapper.media_views)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_views_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views['text/html']), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_mulview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in hot_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(hot_wrapper.views), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_context_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        class ISuper(Interface):\n            pass\n        class ISub(ISuper):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, ISuper), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=ISub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISuper,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISub,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_exception_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        class Super(Exception):\n            pass\n        class Sub(Super):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=Sub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_call_ordering(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'view2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'view3'\n        def view4(context, request): return 'view4'\n        def view5(context, request): return 'view5'\n        def view6(context, request): return 'view6'\n        def view7(context, request): return 'view7'\n        def view8(context, request): return 'view8'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='POST', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view3,request_param='param', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view4, containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view5, request_method='POST',\n                        request_param='param',  renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view6, request_method='POST', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view7, request_param='param', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view8, request_method='POST',request_param='param',\n                        containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n\n\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view1')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view2')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view3')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view4')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view5')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view6')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view7')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view8')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n        config.add_view(unknown, route_name='root', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate_with_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n\n        config.add_view(\n            unknown,\n            route_name='root',\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=('POST',),\n            xhr=True,\n        )\n\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview___discriminator__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        class IFoo(Interface):\n            pass\n        class IBar(Interface):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IFoo)\n        class Foo(object):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IBar)\n        class Bar(object):\n            pass\n        foo = Foo()\n        bar = Bar()\n\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IFoo)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IBar)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertNotEqual(\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(foo, request),\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(bar, request),\n            )\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_renderer(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(request_type=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, None)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        directlyProvides(request, IDummy)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_noniface(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_view, view, '', None, None, object)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        self.assertNotEqual(request_iface, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper, None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_nonexistant_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationExecutionError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name_exception(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper_exc_view, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('GET', 'POST'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'HEAD'))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_get_implies_head(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'HEAD'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, header='Host:a\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'whatever'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NotHost':'whatever'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'abc'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_missing(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NoHost':'1'}\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/xml']\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/html']\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, context, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            containment='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, path_info='\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/foo')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_check_csrf_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, check_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = \"POST\"\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        request.POST = {'csrf_token': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return True\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates,\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_nomatch(self):\n        import warnings\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return False\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_predicate_bests_standard_predicate(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=(pred1,),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n            config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_more_preds_first_bests_fewer_preds_last(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', xhr=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_same_predicates(self):\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'second'\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'first'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view1)\n        config.add_view(view=view2)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_param(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf='st', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {'st': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {'X-CSRF-Token': 'foo'}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_missing_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request): return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: view(None, request))\n\n    def test_add_view_with_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, permission='view', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               default_permission='view',\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_no_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class DummyPolicy(object): pass # wont be called\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class Mapper(object):\n            def __init__(self, **kw):\n                self.__class__.kw = kw\n            def __call__(self, view):\n                return view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=view, mapper=Mapper, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, None), 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(Mapper.kw['mapper'], Mapper)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_kwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view='pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_nonkwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_doesnt_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IFactory'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.commit() # does not raise\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_conflicts(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_class_method_no_attr(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class DummyViewClass(object):\n            def run(self): pass\n\n        def configure_view():\n            config.add_view(view=DummyViewClass.run, renderer=null_renderer)\n\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, configure_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_no_regular_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertTrue(view is None)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertEqual(view1, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_misconfiguration(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class NotAnException(object):\n            pass\n        self.assertRaises(\n            ConfigurationError,\n            config.add_view, view, context=NotAnException, exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = Exception()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_subclass(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, context=ValueError,\n                                  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(ValueError))\n        context = ValueError()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_exception_only(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment': 'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(\n            view=view,\n            context=Exception,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_derive_view_function(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is dummy_view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_no_explicit_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return 'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.commit()\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        result = config.derive_view(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None).body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_with_explicit_renderer(self):\n        class moo(object): pass\n        class foo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'foo'\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_renderer('foo', foo)\n        config.commit()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer='foo')\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request).body, b'foo')\n\n    def test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_type = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, '__static/')\n        self._assertRoute(config, '__static/', 'static/*subpath')\n        wrapped = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, request_type, Interface), IView, name='')\n        from pyramid.request import Request\n        request = Request.blank('/static/minimal.txt')\n        request.subpath = ('minimal.txt', )\n        result = wrapped(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.status, '200 OK')\n        self.assertTrue(result.body.startswith(b'<div'))\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static',\n                               'pyramid.tests.test_config:files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_absolute(self):\n        import os\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n        static_path = os.path.join(here, 'files')\n        config.add_static_view('static', static_path)\n        self.assertEqual(info.added,\n                         [(config, 'static', static_path, {})])\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config.add_forbidden_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_forbidden_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPForbidden()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: arg\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, (None, request))\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_notfound_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPNotFound()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_notfound_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPTemporaryRedirect, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPTemporaryRedirect))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash_custom_response(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPMovedPermanently, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=HTTPMovedPermanently\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPMovedPermanently))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    # Since Python 3 has to be all cool and fancy and different...\n    def _assertBody(self, response, value):\n        from pyramid.compat import text_type\n        if isinstance(value, text_type):  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.text, value)\n        else:  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.body, value)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        mapper = object()\n        config.set_view_mapper(mapper)\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.set_view_mapper('pyramid.tests.test_config')\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        self.assertEqual(result, test_config)\n\n    def test_add_normal_and_exception_view_intr_derived_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        view = lambda r: 'OK'\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=True)\n        config.add_view(view, context=Exception, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view_intr = introspector.introspectables[-1]\n        self.assertTrue(view_intr.type_name, 'view')\n        self.assertEqual(view_intr['callable'], view)\n        derived_view = view_intr['derived_callable']\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.scheme = 'http'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: derived_view(None, request))\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        self.assertEqual(derived_view(None, request), 'OK')",
                                "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                                "start_lineno": 17,
                                "end_lineno": 2390,
                                "parent": null
                            }
                        }
                    ],
                    "added_entities": [],
                    "deleted_entities": []
                },
                {
                    "descriptor": {
                        "old_range": {
                            "start": 1465,
                            "length": 7
                        },
                        "new_range": {
                            "start": 1465,
                            "length": 7
                        },
                        "section": "class TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):"
                    },
                    "line_group": {
                        "all_lines": [
                            {
                                "content": "        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml', renderer=null_renderer)",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        request = self._makeRequest(config)",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        request.accept = ['text/xml']",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/xml')",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    def test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch(self):",
                                "type": "context"
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    "modified_entities": [
                        {
                            "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py",
                            "type": "class",
                            "name": "TestViewsConfigurationMixin",
                            "content": "class TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=False)\n        return config\n\n    def _getViewCallable(self, config, ctx_iface=None, exc_iface=None,\n                         request_iface=None, name=''):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        if exc_iface:\n            classifier = IExceptionViewClassifier\n            ctx_iface = exc_iface\n        else:\n            classifier = IViewClassifier\n        if ctx_iface is None:\n            ctx_iface = Interface\n        if request_iface is None:\n            request_iface = IRequest\n        return config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (classifier, request_iface, ctx_iface), IView, name=name,\n            default=None)\n\n    def _registerRenderer(self, config, name='.txt'):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRendererFactory\n        class Renderer:\n            def __init__(self, info):\n                self.__class__.info = info\n            def __call__(self, *arg):\n                return b'Hello!'\n        config.registry.registerUtility(Renderer, IRendererFactory, name=name)\n        return Renderer\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def _assertNotFound(self, wrapper, *arg):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, *arg)\n\n    def _getRouteRequestIface(self, config, name):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        iface = config.registry.getUtility(IRouteRequest, name)\n        return iface\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_no_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_and_route_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view, view, '', None,\n                          None, True, True)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view,\n                        request_type='pyramid.interfaces.IRequest',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n        directlyProvides(request, IRequest)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_with_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self._registerRenderer(config, name='dummy')\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_introspector_missing(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.introspector = None\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_no_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertFalse(('renderer factories', '.pt') in\n                         introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_with_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector(True)\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        def dummy_factory(helper):\n            return lambda val, system_vals: 'Hello!'\n        config.add_renderer('.pt', dummy_factory)\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertTrue(\n            ('renderer factories', '.pt') in introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_wrapped_view_is_decorated(self):\n        def view(request): # request-only wrapper\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__module__, view.__module__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, view.__name__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__discriminator__(None, None).resolve()[0],\n                         'view')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, name='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name='abc')\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name_unicode(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        name = text_(b'La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        config.add_view(view=view, name=name, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name=name)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=view_wrapper,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator_tuple(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper1(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped1' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        def view_wrapper2(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped2' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=(view_wrapper2, view_wrapper1),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'wrapped2wrapped1OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_http_cache(self):\n        import datetime\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        response = Response('OK')\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return response\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, http_cache=(86400, {'public':True}))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        request = testing.DummyRequest()\n        when = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, response)\n        headers = dict(response.headerlist)\n        self.assertEqual(headers['Cache-Control'], 'max-age=86400, public')\n        expires = parse_httpdate(headers['Expires'])\n        assert_similar_datetime(expires, when)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.context = context\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view,  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for__as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_class(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_iface(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_trumps_for(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, for_=Foo, view=view,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_mixed_case_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/HTML', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views.items()),1)\n        self.assertFalse('text/HTML' in wrapper.media_views)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_views_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views['text/html']), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_mulview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in hot_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(hot_wrapper.views), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_context_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        class ISuper(Interface):\n            pass\n        class ISub(ISuper):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, ISuper), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=ISub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISuper,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISub,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_exception_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        class Super(Exception):\n            pass\n        class Sub(Super):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=Sub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_call_ordering(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'view2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'view3'\n        def view4(context, request): return 'view4'\n        def view5(context, request): return 'view5'\n        def view6(context, request): return 'view6'\n        def view7(context, request): return 'view7'\n        def view8(context, request): return 'view8'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='POST', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view3,request_param='param', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view4, containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view5, request_method='POST',\n                        request_param='param',  renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view6, request_method='POST', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view7, request_param='param', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view8, request_method='POST',request_param='param',\n                        containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n\n\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view1')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view2')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view3')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view4')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view5')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view6')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view7')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view8')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n        config.add_view(unknown, route_name='root', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate_with_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n\n        config.add_view(\n            unknown,\n            route_name='root',\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=('POST',),\n            xhr=True,\n        )\n\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview___discriminator__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        class IFoo(Interface):\n            pass\n        class IBar(Interface):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IFoo)\n        class Foo(object):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IBar)\n        class Bar(object):\n            pass\n        foo = Foo()\n        bar = Bar()\n\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IFoo)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IBar)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertNotEqual(\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(foo, request),\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(bar, request),\n            )\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_renderer(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(request_type=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, None)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        directlyProvides(request, IDummy)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_noniface(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_view, view, '', None, None, object)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        self.assertNotEqual(request_iface, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper, None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_nonexistant_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationExecutionError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name_exception(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper_exc_view, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('GET', 'POST'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'HEAD'))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_get_implies_head(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'HEAD'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, header='Host:a\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'whatever'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NotHost':'whatever'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'abc'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_missing(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NoHost':'1'}\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/xml']\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/html']\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, context, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            containment='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, path_info='\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/foo')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_check_csrf_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, check_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = \"POST\"\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        request.POST = {'csrf_token': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return True\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates,\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_nomatch(self):\n        import warnings\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return False\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_predicate_bests_standard_predicate(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=(pred1,),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n            config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_more_preds_first_bests_fewer_preds_last(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', xhr=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_same_predicates(self):\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'second'\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'first'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view1)\n        config.add_view(view=view2)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_param(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf='st', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {'st': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {'X-CSRF-Token': 'foo'}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_missing_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request): return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: view(None, request))\n\n    def test_add_view_with_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, permission='view', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               default_permission='view',\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_no_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class DummyPolicy(object): pass # wont be called\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class Mapper(object):\n            def __init__(self, **kw):\n                self.__class__.kw = kw\n            def __call__(self, view):\n                return view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=view, mapper=Mapper, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, None), 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(Mapper.kw['mapper'], Mapper)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_kwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view='pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_nonkwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_doesnt_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IFactory'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.commit() # does not raise\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_conflicts(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_class_method_no_attr(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class DummyViewClass(object):\n            def run(self): pass\n\n        def configure_view():\n            config.add_view(view=DummyViewClass.run, renderer=null_renderer)\n\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, configure_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_no_regular_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertTrue(view is None)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertEqual(view1, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_misconfiguration(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class NotAnException(object):\n            pass\n        self.assertRaises(\n            ConfigurationError,\n            config.add_view, view, context=NotAnException, exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = Exception()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_subclass(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, context=ValueError,\n                                  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(ValueError))\n        context = ValueError()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_exception_only(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment': 'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(\n            view=view,\n            context=Exception,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_derive_view_function(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is dummy_view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_no_explicit_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return 'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.commit()\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        result = config.derive_view(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None).body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_with_explicit_renderer(self):\n        class moo(object): pass\n        class foo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'foo'\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_renderer('foo', foo)\n        config.commit()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer='foo')\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request).body, b'foo')\n\n    def test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_type = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, '__static/')\n        self._assertRoute(config, '__static/', 'static/*subpath')\n        wrapped = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, request_type, Interface), IView, name='')\n        from pyramid.request import Request\n        request = Request.blank('/static/minimal.txt')\n        request.subpath = ('minimal.txt', )\n        result = wrapped(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.status, '200 OK')\n        self.assertTrue(result.body.startswith(b'<div'))\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static',\n                               'pyramid.tests.test_config:files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_absolute(self):\n        import os\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n        static_path = os.path.join(here, 'files')\n        config.add_static_view('static', static_path)\n        self.assertEqual(info.added,\n                         [(config, 'static', static_path, {})])\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config.add_forbidden_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_forbidden_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPForbidden()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: arg\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, (None, request))\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_notfound_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPNotFound()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_notfound_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPTemporaryRedirect, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPTemporaryRedirect))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash_custom_response(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPMovedPermanently, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=HTTPMovedPermanently\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPMovedPermanently))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    # Since Python 3 has to be all cool and fancy and different...\n    def _assertBody(self, response, value):\n        from pyramid.compat import text_type\n        if isinstance(value, text_type):  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.text, value)\n        else:  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.body, value)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        mapper = object()\n        config.set_view_mapper(mapper)\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.set_view_mapper('pyramid.tests.test_config')\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        self.assertEqual(result, test_config)\n\n    def test_add_normal_and_exception_view_intr_derived_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        view = lambda r: 'OK'\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=True)\n        config.add_view(view, context=Exception, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view_intr = introspector.introspectables[-1]\n        self.assertTrue(view_intr.type_name, 'view')\n        self.assertEqual(view_intr['callable'], view)\n        derived_view = view_intr['derived_callable']\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.scheme = 'http'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: derived_view(None, request))\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        self.assertEqual(derived_view(None, request), 'OK')",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 17,
                            "end_lineno": 2390,
                            "parent": null
                        },
                        {
                            "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py",
                            "type": "method",
                            "name": "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_accept_match",
                            "content": "class TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=False)\n        return config\n\n    def _getViewCallable(self, config, ctx_iface=None, exc_iface=None,\n                         request_iface=None, name=''):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        if exc_iface:\n            classifier = IExceptionViewClassifier\n            ctx_iface = exc_iface\n        else:\n            classifier = IViewClassifier\n        if ctx_iface is None:\n            ctx_iface = Interface\n        if request_iface is None:\n            request_iface = IRequest\n        return config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (classifier, request_iface, ctx_iface), IView, name=name,\n            default=None)\n\n    def _registerRenderer(self, config, name='.txt'):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRendererFactory\n        class Renderer:\n            def __init__(self, info):\n                self.__class__.info = info\n            def __call__(self, *arg):\n                return b'Hello!'\n        config.registry.registerUtility(Renderer, IRendererFactory, name=name)\n        return Renderer\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def _assertNotFound(self, wrapper, *arg):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, *arg)\n\n    def _getRouteRequestIface(self, config, name):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        iface = config.registry.getUtility(IRouteRequest, name)\n        return iface\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_no_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_and_route_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view, view, '', None,\n                          None, True, True)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view,\n                        request_type='pyramid.interfaces.IRequest',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n        directlyProvides(request, IRequest)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_with_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self._registerRenderer(config, name='dummy')\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_introspector_missing(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.introspector = None\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_no_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertFalse(('renderer factories', '.pt') in\n                         introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_with_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector(True)\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        def dummy_factory(helper):\n            return lambda val, system_vals: 'Hello!'\n        config.add_renderer('.pt', dummy_factory)\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertTrue(\n            ('renderer factories', '.pt') in introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_wrapped_view_is_decorated(self):\n        def view(request): # request-only wrapper\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__module__, view.__module__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, view.__name__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__discriminator__(None, None).resolve()[0],\n                         'view')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, name='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name='abc')\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name_unicode(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        name = text_(b'La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        config.add_view(view=view, name=name, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name=name)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=view_wrapper,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator_tuple(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper1(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped1' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        def view_wrapper2(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped2' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=(view_wrapper2, view_wrapper1),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'wrapped2wrapped1OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_http_cache(self):\n        import datetime\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        response = Response('OK')\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return response\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, http_cache=(86400, {'public':True}))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        request = testing.DummyRequest()\n        when = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, response)\n        headers = dict(response.headerlist)\n        self.assertEqual(headers['Cache-Control'], 'max-age=86400, public')\n        expires = parse_httpdate(headers['Expires'])\n        assert_similar_datetime(expires, when)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.context = context\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view,  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for__as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_class(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_iface(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_trumps_for(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, for_=Foo, view=view,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_mixed_case_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/HTML', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views.items()),1)\n        self.assertFalse('text/HTML' in wrapper.media_views)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_views_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views['text/html']), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_mulview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in hot_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(hot_wrapper.views), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_context_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        class ISuper(Interface):\n            pass\n        class ISub(ISuper):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, ISuper), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=ISub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISuper,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISub,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_exception_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        class Super(Exception):\n            pass\n        class Sub(Super):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=Sub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_call_ordering(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'view2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'view3'\n        def view4(context, request): return 'view4'\n        def view5(context, request): return 'view5'\n        def view6(context, request): return 'view6'\n        def view7(context, request): return 'view7'\n        def view8(context, request): return 'view8'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='POST', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view3,request_param='param', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view4, containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view5, request_method='POST',\n                        request_param='param',  renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view6, request_method='POST', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view7, request_param='param', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view8, request_method='POST',request_param='param',\n                        containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n\n\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view1')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view2')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view3')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view4')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view5')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view6')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view7')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view8')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n        config.add_view(unknown, route_name='root', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate_with_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n\n        config.add_view(\n            unknown,\n            route_name='root',\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=('POST',),\n            xhr=True,\n        )\n\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview___discriminator__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        class IFoo(Interface):\n            pass\n        class IBar(Interface):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IFoo)\n        class Foo(object):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IBar)\n        class Bar(object):\n            pass\n        foo = Foo()\n        bar = Bar()\n\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IFoo)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IBar)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertNotEqual(\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(foo, request),\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(bar, request),\n            )\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_renderer(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(request_type=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, None)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        directlyProvides(request, IDummy)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_noniface(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_view, view, '', None, None, object)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        self.assertNotEqual(request_iface, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper, None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_nonexistant_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationExecutionError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name_exception(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper_exc_view, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('GET', 'POST'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'HEAD'))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_get_implies_head(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'HEAD'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, header='Host:a\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'whatever'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NotHost':'whatever'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'abc'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_missing(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NoHost':'1'}\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/xml']\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/html']\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, context, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            containment='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, path_info='\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/foo')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_check_csrf_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, check_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = \"POST\"\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        request.POST = {'csrf_token': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return True\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates,\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_nomatch(self):\n        import warnings\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return False\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_predicate_bests_standard_predicate(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=(pred1,),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n            config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_more_preds_first_bests_fewer_preds_last(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', xhr=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_same_predicates(self):\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'second'\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'first'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view1)\n        config.add_view(view=view2)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_param(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf='st', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {'st': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {'X-CSRF-Token': 'foo'}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_missing_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request): return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: view(None, request))\n\n    def test_add_view_with_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, permission='view', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               default_permission='view',\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_no_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class DummyPolicy(object): pass # wont be called\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class Mapper(object):\n            def __init__(self, **kw):\n                self.__class__.kw = kw\n            def __call__(self, view):\n                return view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=view, mapper=Mapper, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, None), 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(Mapper.kw['mapper'], Mapper)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_kwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view='pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_nonkwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_doesnt_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IFactory'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.commit() # does not raise\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_conflicts(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_class_method_no_attr(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class DummyViewClass(object):\n            def run(self): pass\n\n        def configure_view():\n            config.add_view(view=DummyViewClass.run, renderer=null_renderer)\n\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, configure_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_no_regular_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertTrue(view is None)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertEqual(view1, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_misconfiguration(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class NotAnException(object):\n            pass\n        self.assertRaises(\n            ConfigurationError,\n            config.add_view, view, context=NotAnException, exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = Exception()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_subclass(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, context=ValueError,\n                                  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(ValueError))\n        context = ValueError()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_exception_only(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment': 'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(\n            view=view,\n            context=Exception,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_derive_view_function(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is dummy_view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_no_explicit_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return 'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.commit()\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        result = config.derive_view(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None).body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_with_explicit_renderer(self):\n        class moo(object): pass\n        class foo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'foo'\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_renderer('foo', foo)\n        config.commit()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer='foo')\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request).body, b'foo')\n\n    def test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_type = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, '__static/')\n        self._assertRoute(config, '__static/', 'static/*subpath')\n        wrapped = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, request_type, Interface), IView, name='')\n        from pyramid.request import Request\n        request = Request.blank('/static/minimal.txt')\n        request.subpath = ('minimal.txt', )\n        result = wrapped(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.status, '200 OK')\n        self.assertTrue(result.body.startswith(b'<div'))\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static',\n                               'pyramid.tests.test_config:files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_absolute(self):\n        import os\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n        static_path = os.path.join(here, 'files')\n        config.add_static_view('static', static_path)\n        self.assertEqual(info.added,\n                         [(config, 'static', static_path, {})])\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config.add_forbidden_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_forbidden_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPForbidden()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: arg\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, (None, request))\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_notfound_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPNotFound()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_notfound_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPTemporaryRedirect, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPTemporaryRedirect))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash_custom_response(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPMovedPermanently, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=HTTPMovedPermanently\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPMovedPermanently))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    # Since Python 3 has to be all cool and fancy and different...\n    def _assertBody(self, response, value):\n        from pyramid.compat import text_type\n        if isinstance(value, text_type):  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.text, value)\n        else:  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.body, value)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        mapper = object()\n        config.set_view_mapper(mapper)\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.set_view_mapper('pyramid.tests.test_config')\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        self.assertEqual(result, test_config)\n\n    def test_add_normal_and_exception_view_intr_derived_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        view = lambda r: 'OK'\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=True)\n        config.add_view(view, context=Exception, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view_intr = introspector.introspectables[-1]\n        self.assertTrue(view_intr.type_name, 'view')\n        self.assertEqual(view_intr['callable'], view)\n        derived_view = view_intr['derived_callable']\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.scheme = 'http'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: derived_view(None, request))\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        self.assertEqual(derived_view(None, request), 'OK')",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 1461,
                            "end_lineno": 1469,
                            "parent": {
                                "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py",
                                "type": "class",
                                "name": "TestViewsConfigurationMixin",
                                "content": "class TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=False)\n        return config\n\n    def _getViewCallable(self, config, ctx_iface=None, exc_iface=None,\n                         request_iface=None, name=''):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        if exc_iface:\n            classifier = IExceptionViewClassifier\n            ctx_iface = exc_iface\n        else:\n            classifier = IViewClassifier\n        if ctx_iface is None:\n            ctx_iface = Interface\n        if request_iface is None:\n            request_iface = IRequest\n        return config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (classifier, request_iface, ctx_iface), IView, name=name,\n            default=None)\n\n    def _registerRenderer(self, config, name='.txt'):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRendererFactory\n        class Renderer:\n            def __init__(self, info):\n                self.__class__.info = info\n            def __call__(self, *arg):\n                return b'Hello!'\n        config.registry.registerUtility(Renderer, IRendererFactory, name=name)\n        return Renderer\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def _assertNotFound(self, wrapper, *arg):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, *arg)\n\n    def _getRouteRequestIface(self, config, name):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        iface = config.registry.getUtility(IRouteRequest, name)\n        return iface\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_no_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_and_route_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view, view, '', None,\n                          None, True, True)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view,\n                        request_type='pyramid.interfaces.IRequest',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n        directlyProvides(request, IRequest)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_with_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self._registerRenderer(config, name='dummy')\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_introspector_missing(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.introspector = None\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_no_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertFalse(('renderer factories', '.pt') in\n                         introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_with_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector(True)\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        def dummy_factory(helper):\n            return lambda val, system_vals: 'Hello!'\n        config.add_renderer('.pt', dummy_factory)\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertTrue(\n            ('renderer factories', '.pt') in introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_wrapped_view_is_decorated(self):\n        def view(request): # request-only wrapper\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__module__, view.__module__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, view.__name__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__discriminator__(None, None).resolve()[0],\n                         'view')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, name='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name='abc')\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name_unicode(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        name = text_(b'La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        config.add_view(view=view, name=name, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name=name)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=view_wrapper,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator_tuple(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper1(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped1' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        def view_wrapper2(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped2' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=(view_wrapper2, view_wrapper1),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'wrapped2wrapped1OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_http_cache(self):\n        import datetime\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        response = Response('OK')\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return response\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, http_cache=(86400, {'public':True}))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        request = testing.DummyRequest()\n        when = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, response)\n        headers = dict(response.headerlist)\n        self.assertEqual(headers['Cache-Control'], 'max-age=86400, public')\n        expires = parse_httpdate(headers['Expires'])\n        assert_similar_datetime(expires, when)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.context = context\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view,  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for__as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_class(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_iface(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_trumps_for(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, for_=Foo, view=view,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_mixed_case_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/HTML', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views.items()),1)\n        self.assertFalse('text/HTML' in wrapper.media_views)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_views_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views['text/html']), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_mulview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in hot_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(hot_wrapper.views), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_context_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        class ISuper(Interface):\n            pass\n        class ISub(ISuper):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, ISuper), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=ISub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISuper,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISub,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_exception_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        class Super(Exception):\n            pass\n        class Sub(Super):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=Sub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_call_ordering(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'view2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'view3'\n        def view4(context, request): return 'view4'\n        def view5(context, request): return 'view5'\n        def view6(context, request): return 'view6'\n        def view7(context, request): return 'view7'\n        def view8(context, request): return 'view8'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='POST', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view3,request_param='param', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view4, containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view5, request_method='POST',\n                        request_param='param',  renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view6, request_method='POST', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view7, request_param='param', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view8, request_method='POST',request_param='param',\n                        containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n\n\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view1')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view2')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view3')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view4')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view5')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view6')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view7')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view8')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n        config.add_view(unknown, route_name='root', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate_with_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n\n        config.add_view(\n            unknown,\n            route_name='root',\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=('POST',),\n            xhr=True,\n        )\n\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview___discriminator__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        class IFoo(Interface):\n            pass\n        class IBar(Interface):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IFoo)\n        class Foo(object):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IBar)\n        class Bar(object):\n            pass\n        foo = Foo()\n        bar = Bar()\n\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IFoo)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IBar)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertNotEqual(\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(foo, request),\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(bar, request),\n            )\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_renderer(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(request_type=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, None)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        directlyProvides(request, IDummy)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_noniface(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_view, view, '', None, None, object)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        self.assertNotEqual(request_iface, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper, None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_nonexistant_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationExecutionError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name_exception(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper_exc_view, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('GET', 'POST'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'HEAD'))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_get_implies_head(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'HEAD'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, header='Host:a\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'whatever'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NotHost':'whatever'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'abc'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_missing(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NoHost':'1'}\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/xml']\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/html']\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, context, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            containment='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, path_info='\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/foo')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_check_csrf_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, check_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = \"POST\"\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        request.POST = {'csrf_token': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return True\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates,\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_nomatch(self):\n        import warnings\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return False\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_predicate_bests_standard_predicate(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=(pred1,),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n            config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_more_preds_first_bests_fewer_preds_last(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', xhr=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_same_predicates(self):\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'second'\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'first'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view1)\n        config.add_view(view=view2)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_param(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf='st', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {'st': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {'X-CSRF-Token': 'foo'}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_missing_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request): return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: view(None, request))\n\n    def test_add_view_with_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, permission='view', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               default_permission='view',\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_no_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class DummyPolicy(object): pass # wont be called\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class Mapper(object):\n            def __init__(self, **kw):\n                self.__class__.kw = kw\n            def __call__(self, view):\n                return view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=view, mapper=Mapper, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, None), 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(Mapper.kw['mapper'], Mapper)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_kwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view='pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_nonkwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_doesnt_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IFactory'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.commit() # does not raise\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_conflicts(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_class_method_no_attr(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class DummyViewClass(object):\n            def run(self): pass\n\n        def configure_view():\n            config.add_view(view=DummyViewClass.run, renderer=null_renderer)\n\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, configure_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_no_regular_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertTrue(view is None)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertEqual(view1, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_misconfiguration(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class NotAnException(object):\n            pass\n        self.assertRaises(\n            ConfigurationError,\n            config.add_view, view, context=NotAnException, exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = Exception()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_subclass(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, context=ValueError,\n                                  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(ValueError))\n        context = ValueError()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_exception_only(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment': 'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(\n            view=view,\n            context=Exception,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_derive_view_function(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is dummy_view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_no_explicit_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return 'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.commit()\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        result = config.derive_view(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None).body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_with_explicit_renderer(self):\n        class moo(object): pass\n        class foo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'foo'\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_renderer('foo', foo)\n        config.commit()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer='foo')\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request).body, b'foo')\n\n    def test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_type = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, '__static/')\n        self._assertRoute(config, '__static/', 'static/*subpath')\n        wrapped = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, request_type, Interface), IView, name='')\n        from pyramid.request import Request\n        request = Request.blank('/static/minimal.txt')\n        request.subpath = ('minimal.txt', )\n        result = wrapped(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.status, '200 OK')\n        self.assertTrue(result.body.startswith(b'<div'))\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static',\n                               'pyramid.tests.test_config:files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_absolute(self):\n        import os\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n        static_path = os.path.join(here, 'files')\n        config.add_static_view('static', static_path)\n        self.assertEqual(info.added,\n                         [(config, 'static', static_path, {})])\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config.add_forbidden_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_forbidden_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPForbidden()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: arg\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, (None, request))\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_notfound_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPNotFound()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_notfound_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPTemporaryRedirect, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPTemporaryRedirect))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash_custom_response(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPMovedPermanently, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=HTTPMovedPermanently\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPMovedPermanently))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    # Since Python 3 has to be all cool and fancy and different...\n    def _assertBody(self, response, value):\n        from pyramid.compat import text_type\n        if isinstance(value, text_type):  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.text, value)\n        else:  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.body, value)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        mapper = object()\n        config.set_view_mapper(mapper)\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.set_view_mapper('pyramid.tests.test_config')\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        self.assertEqual(result, test_config)\n\n    def test_add_normal_and_exception_view_intr_derived_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        view = lambda r: 'OK'\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=True)\n        config.add_view(view, context=Exception, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view_intr = introspector.introspectables[-1]\n        self.assertTrue(view_intr.type_name, 'view')\n        self.assertEqual(view_intr['callable'], view)\n        derived_view = view_intr['derived_callable']\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.scheme = 'http'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: derived_view(None, request))\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        self.assertEqual(derived_view(None, request), 'OK')",
                                "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                                "start_lineno": 17,
                                "end_lineno": 2390,
                                "parent": null
                            }
                        }
                    ],
                    "added_entities": [],
                    "deleted_entities": []
                },
                {
                    "descriptor": {
                        "old_range": {
                            "start": 1474,
                            "length": 7
                        },
                        "new_range": {
                            "start": 1474,
                            "length": 7
                        },
                        "section": "class TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):"
                    },
                    "line_group": {
                        "all_lines": [
                            {
                                "content": "        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml')",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        request = self._makeRequest(config)",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        request.accept = ['text/html']",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    def test_add_view_with_containment_true(self):",
                                "type": "context"
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    "modified_entities": [
                        {
                            "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py",
                            "type": "class",
                            "name": "TestViewsConfigurationMixin",
                            "content": "class TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=False)\n        return config\n\n    def _getViewCallable(self, config, ctx_iface=None, exc_iface=None,\n                         request_iface=None, name=''):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        if exc_iface:\n            classifier = IExceptionViewClassifier\n            ctx_iface = exc_iface\n        else:\n            classifier = IViewClassifier\n        if ctx_iface is None:\n            ctx_iface = Interface\n        if request_iface is None:\n            request_iface = IRequest\n        return config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (classifier, request_iface, ctx_iface), IView, name=name,\n            default=None)\n\n    def _registerRenderer(self, config, name='.txt'):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRendererFactory\n        class Renderer:\n            def __init__(self, info):\n                self.__class__.info = info\n            def __call__(self, *arg):\n                return b'Hello!'\n        config.registry.registerUtility(Renderer, IRendererFactory, name=name)\n        return Renderer\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def _assertNotFound(self, wrapper, *arg):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, *arg)\n\n    def _getRouteRequestIface(self, config, name):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        iface = config.registry.getUtility(IRouteRequest, name)\n        return iface\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_no_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_and_route_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view, view, '', None,\n                          None, True, True)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view,\n                        request_type='pyramid.interfaces.IRequest',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n        directlyProvides(request, IRequest)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_with_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self._registerRenderer(config, name='dummy')\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_introspector_missing(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.introspector = None\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_no_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertFalse(('renderer factories', '.pt') in\n                         introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_with_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector(True)\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        def dummy_factory(helper):\n            return lambda val, system_vals: 'Hello!'\n        config.add_renderer('.pt', dummy_factory)\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertTrue(\n            ('renderer factories', '.pt') in introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_wrapped_view_is_decorated(self):\n        def view(request): # request-only wrapper\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__module__, view.__module__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, view.__name__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__discriminator__(None, None).resolve()[0],\n                         'view')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, name='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name='abc')\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name_unicode(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        name = text_(b'La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        config.add_view(view=view, name=name, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name=name)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=view_wrapper,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator_tuple(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper1(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped1' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        def view_wrapper2(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped2' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=(view_wrapper2, view_wrapper1),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'wrapped2wrapped1OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_http_cache(self):\n        import datetime\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        response = Response('OK')\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return response\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, http_cache=(86400, {'public':True}))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        request = testing.DummyRequest()\n        when = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, response)\n        headers = dict(response.headerlist)\n        self.assertEqual(headers['Cache-Control'], 'max-age=86400, public')\n        expires = parse_httpdate(headers['Expires'])\n        assert_similar_datetime(expires, when)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.context = context\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view,  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for__as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_class(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_iface(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_trumps_for(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, for_=Foo, view=view,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_mixed_case_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/HTML', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views.items()),1)\n        self.assertFalse('text/HTML' in wrapper.media_views)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_views_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views['text/html']), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_mulview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in hot_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(hot_wrapper.views), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_context_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        class ISuper(Interface):\n            pass\n        class ISub(ISuper):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, ISuper), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=ISub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISuper,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISub,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_exception_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        class Super(Exception):\n            pass\n        class Sub(Super):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=Sub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_call_ordering(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'view2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'view3'\n        def view4(context, request): return 'view4'\n        def view5(context, request): return 'view5'\n        def view6(context, request): return 'view6'\n        def view7(context, request): return 'view7'\n        def view8(context, request): return 'view8'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='POST', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view3,request_param='param', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view4, containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view5, request_method='POST',\n                        request_param='param',  renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view6, request_method='POST', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view7, request_param='param', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view8, request_method='POST',request_param='param',\n                        containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n\n\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view1')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view2')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view3')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view4')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view5')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view6')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view7')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view8')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n        config.add_view(unknown, route_name='root', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate_with_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n\n        config.add_view(\n            unknown,\n            route_name='root',\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=('POST',),\n            xhr=True,\n        )\n\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview___discriminator__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        class IFoo(Interface):\n            pass\n        class IBar(Interface):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IFoo)\n        class Foo(object):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IBar)\n        class Bar(object):\n            pass\n        foo = Foo()\n        bar = Bar()\n\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IFoo)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IBar)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertNotEqual(\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(foo, request),\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(bar, request),\n            )\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_renderer(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(request_type=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, None)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        directlyProvides(request, IDummy)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_noniface(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_view, view, '', None, None, object)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        self.assertNotEqual(request_iface, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper, None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_nonexistant_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationExecutionError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name_exception(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper_exc_view, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('GET', 'POST'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'HEAD'))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_get_implies_head(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'HEAD'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, header='Host:a\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'whatever'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NotHost':'whatever'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'abc'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_missing(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NoHost':'1'}\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/xml']\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/html']\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, context, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            containment='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, path_info='\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/foo')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_check_csrf_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, check_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = \"POST\"\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        request.POST = {'csrf_token': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return True\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates,\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_nomatch(self):\n        import warnings\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return False\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_predicate_bests_standard_predicate(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=(pred1,),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n            config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_more_preds_first_bests_fewer_preds_last(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', xhr=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_same_predicates(self):\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'second'\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'first'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view1)\n        config.add_view(view=view2)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_param(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf='st', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {'st': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {'X-CSRF-Token': 'foo'}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_missing_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request): return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: view(None, request))\n\n    def test_add_view_with_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, permission='view', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               default_permission='view',\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_no_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class DummyPolicy(object): pass # wont be called\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class Mapper(object):\n            def __init__(self, **kw):\n                self.__class__.kw = kw\n            def __call__(self, view):\n                return view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=view, mapper=Mapper, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, None), 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(Mapper.kw['mapper'], Mapper)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_kwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view='pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_nonkwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_doesnt_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IFactory'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.commit() # does not raise\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_conflicts(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_class_method_no_attr(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class DummyViewClass(object):\n            def run(self): pass\n\n        def configure_view():\n            config.add_view(view=DummyViewClass.run, renderer=null_renderer)\n\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, configure_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_no_regular_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertTrue(view is None)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertEqual(view1, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_misconfiguration(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class NotAnException(object):\n            pass\n        self.assertRaises(\n            ConfigurationError,\n            config.add_view, view, context=NotAnException, exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = Exception()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_subclass(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, context=ValueError,\n                                  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(ValueError))\n        context = ValueError()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_exception_only(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment': 'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(\n            view=view,\n            context=Exception,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_derive_view_function(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is dummy_view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_no_explicit_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return 'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.commit()\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        result = config.derive_view(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None).body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_with_explicit_renderer(self):\n        class moo(object): pass\n        class foo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'foo'\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_renderer('foo', foo)\n        config.commit()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer='foo')\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request).body, b'foo')\n\n    def test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_type = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, '__static/')\n        self._assertRoute(config, '__static/', 'static/*subpath')\n        wrapped = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, request_type, Interface), IView, name='')\n        from pyramid.request import Request\n        request = Request.blank('/static/minimal.txt')\n        request.subpath = ('minimal.txt', )\n        result = wrapped(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.status, '200 OK')\n        self.assertTrue(result.body.startswith(b'<div'))\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static',\n                               'pyramid.tests.test_config:files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_absolute(self):\n        import os\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n        static_path = os.path.join(here, 'files')\n        config.add_static_view('static', static_path)\n        self.assertEqual(info.added,\n                         [(config, 'static', static_path, {})])\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config.add_forbidden_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_forbidden_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPForbidden()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: arg\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, (None, request))\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_notfound_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPNotFound()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_notfound_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPTemporaryRedirect, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPTemporaryRedirect))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash_custom_response(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPMovedPermanently, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=HTTPMovedPermanently\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPMovedPermanently))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    # Since Python 3 has to be all cool and fancy and different...\n    def _assertBody(self, response, value):\n        from pyramid.compat import text_type\n        if isinstance(value, text_type):  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.text, value)\n        else:  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.body, value)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        mapper = object()\n        config.set_view_mapper(mapper)\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.set_view_mapper('pyramid.tests.test_config')\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        self.assertEqual(result, test_config)\n\n    def test_add_normal_and_exception_view_intr_derived_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        view = lambda r: 'OK'\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=True)\n        config.add_view(view, context=Exception, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view_intr = introspector.introspectables[-1]\n        self.assertTrue(view_intr.type_name, 'view')\n        self.assertEqual(view_intr['callable'], view)\n        derived_view = view_intr['derived_callable']\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.scheme = 'http'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: derived_view(None, request))\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        self.assertEqual(derived_view(None, request), 'OK')",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 17,
                            "end_lineno": 2390,
                            "parent": null
                        },
                        {
                            "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py",
                            "type": "method",
                            "name": "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch",
                            "content": "class TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=False)\n        return config\n\n    def _getViewCallable(self, config, ctx_iface=None, exc_iface=None,\n                         request_iface=None, name=''):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        if exc_iface:\n            classifier = IExceptionViewClassifier\n            ctx_iface = exc_iface\n        else:\n            classifier = IViewClassifier\n        if ctx_iface is None:\n            ctx_iface = Interface\n        if request_iface is None:\n            request_iface = IRequest\n        return config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (classifier, request_iface, ctx_iface), IView, name=name,\n            default=None)\n\n    def _registerRenderer(self, config, name='.txt'):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRendererFactory\n        class Renderer:\n            def __init__(self, info):\n                self.__class__.info = info\n            def __call__(self, *arg):\n                return b'Hello!'\n        config.registry.registerUtility(Renderer, IRendererFactory, name=name)\n        return Renderer\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def _assertNotFound(self, wrapper, *arg):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, *arg)\n\n    def _getRouteRequestIface(self, config, name):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        iface = config.registry.getUtility(IRouteRequest, name)\n        return iface\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_no_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_and_route_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view, view, '', None,\n                          None, True, True)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view,\n                        request_type='pyramid.interfaces.IRequest',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n        directlyProvides(request, IRequest)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_with_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self._registerRenderer(config, name='dummy')\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_introspector_missing(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.introspector = None\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_no_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertFalse(('renderer factories', '.pt') in\n                         introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_with_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector(True)\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        def dummy_factory(helper):\n            return lambda val, system_vals: 'Hello!'\n        config.add_renderer('.pt', dummy_factory)\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertTrue(\n            ('renderer factories', '.pt') in introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_wrapped_view_is_decorated(self):\n        def view(request): # request-only wrapper\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__module__, view.__module__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, view.__name__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__discriminator__(None, None).resolve()[0],\n                         'view')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, name='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name='abc')\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name_unicode(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        name = text_(b'La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        config.add_view(view=view, name=name, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name=name)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=view_wrapper,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator_tuple(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper1(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped1' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        def view_wrapper2(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped2' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=(view_wrapper2, view_wrapper1),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'wrapped2wrapped1OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_http_cache(self):\n        import datetime\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        response = Response('OK')\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return response\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, http_cache=(86400, {'public':True}))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        request = testing.DummyRequest()\n        when = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, response)\n        headers = dict(response.headerlist)\n        self.assertEqual(headers['Cache-Control'], 'max-age=86400, public')\n        expires = parse_httpdate(headers['Expires'])\n        assert_similar_datetime(expires, when)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.context = context\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view,  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for__as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_class(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_iface(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_trumps_for(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, for_=Foo, view=view,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_mixed_case_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/HTML', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views.items()),1)\n        self.assertFalse('text/HTML' in wrapper.media_views)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_views_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views['text/html']), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_mulview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in hot_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(hot_wrapper.views), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_context_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        class ISuper(Interface):\n            pass\n        class ISub(ISuper):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, ISuper), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=ISub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISuper,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISub,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_exception_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        class Super(Exception):\n            pass\n        class Sub(Super):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=Sub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_call_ordering(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'view2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'view3'\n        def view4(context, request): return 'view4'\n        def view5(context, request): return 'view5'\n        def view6(context, request): return 'view6'\n        def view7(context, request): return 'view7'\n        def view8(context, request): return 'view8'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='POST', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view3,request_param='param', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view4, containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view5, request_method='POST',\n                        request_param='param',  renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view6, request_method='POST', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view7, request_param='param', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view8, request_method='POST',request_param='param',\n                        containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n\n\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view1')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view2')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view3')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view4')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view5')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view6')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view7')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view8')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n        config.add_view(unknown, route_name='root', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate_with_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n\n        config.add_view(\n            unknown,\n            route_name='root',\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=('POST',),\n            xhr=True,\n        )\n\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview___discriminator__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        class IFoo(Interface):\n            pass\n        class IBar(Interface):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IFoo)\n        class Foo(object):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IBar)\n        class Bar(object):\n            pass\n        foo = Foo()\n        bar = Bar()\n\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IFoo)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IBar)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertNotEqual(\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(foo, request),\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(bar, request),\n            )\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_renderer(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(request_type=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, None)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        directlyProvides(request, IDummy)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_noniface(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_view, view, '', None, None, object)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        self.assertNotEqual(request_iface, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper, None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_nonexistant_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationExecutionError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name_exception(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper_exc_view, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('GET', 'POST'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'HEAD'))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_get_implies_head(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'HEAD'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, header='Host:a\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'whatever'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NotHost':'whatever'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'abc'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_missing(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NoHost':'1'}\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/xml']\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/html']\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, context, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            containment='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, path_info='\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/foo')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_check_csrf_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, check_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = \"POST\"\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        request.POST = {'csrf_token': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return True\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates,\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_nomatch(self):\n        import warnings\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return False\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_predicate_bests_standard_predicate(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=(pred1,),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n            config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_more_preds_first_bests_fewer_preds_last(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', xhr=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_same_predicates(self):\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'second'\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'first'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view1)\n        config.add_view(view=view2)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_param(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf='st', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {'st': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {'X-CSRF-Token': 'foo'}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_missing_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request): return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: view(None, request))\n\n    def test_add_view_with_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, permission='view', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               default_permission='view',\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_no_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class DummyPolicy(object): pass # wont be called\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class Mapper(object):\n            def __init__(self, **kw):\n                self.__class__.kw = kw\n            def __call__(self, view):\n                return view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=view, mapper=Mapper, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, None), 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(Mapper.kw['mapper'], Mapper)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_kwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view='pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_nonkwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_doesnt_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IFactory'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.commit() # does not raise\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_conflicts(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_class_method_no_attr(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class DummyViewClass(object):\n            def run(self): pass\n\n        def configure_view():\n            config.add_view(view=DummyViewClass.run, renderer=null_renderer)\n\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, configure_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_no_regular_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertTrue(view is None)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertEqual(view1, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_misconfiguration(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class NotAnException(object):\n            pass\n        self.assertRaises(\n            ConfigurationError,\n            config.add_view, view, context=NotAnException, exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = Exception()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_subclass(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, context=ValueError,\n                                  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(ValueError))\n        context = ValueError()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_exception_only(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment': 'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(\n            view=view,\n            context=Exception,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_derive_view_function(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is dummy_view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_no_explicit_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return 'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.commit()\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        result = config.derive_view(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None).body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_with_explicit_renderer(self):\n        class moo(object): pass\n        class foo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'foo'\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_renderer('foo', foo)\n        config.commit()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer='foo')\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request).body, b'foo')\n\n    def test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_type = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, '__static/')\n        self._assertRoute(config, '__static/', 'static/*subpath')\n        wrapped = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, request_type, Interface), IView, name='')\n        from pyramid.request import Request\n        request = Request.blank('/static/minimal.txt')\n        request.subpath = ('minimal.txt', )\n        result = wrapped(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.status, '200 OK')\n        self.assertTrue(result.body.startswith(b'<div'))\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static',\n                               'pyramid.tests.test_config:files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_absolute(self):\n        import os\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n        static_path = os.path.join(here, 'files')\n        config.add_static_view('static', static_path)\n        self.assertEqual(info.added,\n                         [(config, 'static', static_path, {})])\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config.add_forbidden_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_forbidden_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPForbidden()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: arg\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, (None, request))\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_notfound_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPNotFound()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_notfound_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPTemporaryRedirect, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPTemporaryRedirect))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash_custom_response(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPMovedPermanently, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=HTTPMovedPermanently\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPMovedPermanently))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    # Since Python 3 has to be all cool and fancy and different...\n    def _assertBody(self, response, value):\n        from pyramid.compat import text_type\n        if isinstance(value, text_type):  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.text, value)\n        else:  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.body, value)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        mapper = object()\n        config.set_view_mapper(mapper)\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.set_view_mapper('pyramid.tests.test_config')\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        self.assertEqual(result, test_config)\n\n    def test_add_normal_and_exception_view_intr_derived_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        view = lambda r: 'OK'\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=True)\n        config.add_view(view, context=Exception, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view_intr = introspector.introspectables[-1]\n        self.assertTrue(view_intr.type_name, 'view')\n        self.assertEqual(view_intr['callable'], view)\n        derived_view = view_intr['derived_callable']\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.scheme = 'http'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: derived_view(None, request))\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        self.assertEqual(derived_view(None, request), 'OK')",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 1471,
                            "end_lineno": 1478,
                            "parent": {
                                "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py",
                                "type": "class",
                                "name": "TestViewsConfigurationMixin",
                                "content": "class TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=False)\n        return config\n\n    def _getViewCallable(self, config, ctx_iface=None, exc_iface=None,\n                         request_iface=None, name=''):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        if exc_iface:\n            classifier = IExceptionViewClassifier\n            ctx_iface = exc_iface\n        else:\n            classifier = IViewClassifier\n        if ctx_iface is None:\n            ctx_iface = Interface\n        if request_iface is None:\n            request_iface = IRequest\n        return config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (classifier, request_iface, ctx_iface), IView, name=name,\n            default=None)\n\n    def _registerRenderer(self, config, name='.txt'):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRendererFactory\n        class Renderer:\n            def __init__(self, info):\n                self.__class__.info = info\n            def __call__(self, *arg):\n                return b'Hello!'\n        config.registry.registerUtility(Renderer, IRendererFactory, name=name)\n        return Renderer\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def _assertNotFound(self, wrapper, *arg):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, *arg)\n\n    def _getRouteRequestIface(self, config, name):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        iface = config.registry.getUtility(IRouteRequest, name)\n        return iface\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_no_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_and_route_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view, view, '', None,\n                          None, True, True)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view,\n                        request_type='pyramid.interfaces.IRequest',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n        directlyProvides(request, IRequest)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_with_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self._registerRenderer(config, name='dummy')\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_introspector_missing(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.introspector = None\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_no_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertFalse(('renderer factories', '.pt') in\n                         introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_with_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector(True)\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        def dummy_factory(helper):\n            return lambda val, system_vals: 'Hello!'\n        config.add_renderer('.pt', dummy_factory)\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertTrue(\n            ('renderer factories', '.pt') in introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_wrapped_view_is_decorated(self):\n        def view(request): # request-only wrapper\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__module__, view.__module__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, view.__name__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__discriminator__(None, None).resolve()[0],\n                         'view')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, name='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name='abc')\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name_unicode(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        name = text_(b'La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        config.add_view(view=view, name=name, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name=name)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=view_wrapper,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator_tuple(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper1(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped1' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        def view_wrapper2(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped2' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=(view_wrapper2, view_wrapper1),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'wrapped2wrapped1OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_http_cache(self):\n        import datetime\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        response = Response('OK')\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return response\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, http_cache=(86400, {'public':True}))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        request = testing.DummyRequest()\n        when = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, response)\n        headers = dict(response.headerlist)\n        self.assertEqual(headers['Cache-Control'], 'max-age=86400, public')\n        expires = parse_httpdate(headers['Expires'])\n        assert_similar_datetime(expires, when)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.context = context\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view,  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for__as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_class(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_iface(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_trumps_for(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, for_=Foo, view=view,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_mixed_case_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/HTML', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views.items()),1)\n        self.assertFalse('text/HTML' in wrapper.media_views)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_views_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views['text/html']), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_mulview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in hot_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(hot_wrapper.views), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([x[:2] for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_context_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        class ISuper(Interface):\n            pass\n        class ISub(ISuper):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, ISuper), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=ISub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISuper,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISub,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_exception_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        class Super(Exception):\n            pass\n        class Sub(Super):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=Sub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_call_ordering(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'view2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'view3'\n        def view4(context, request): return 'view4'\n        def view5(context, request): return 'view5'\n        def view6(context, request): return 'view6'\n        def view7(context, request): return 'view7'\n        def view8(context, request): return 'view8'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='POST', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view3,request_param='param', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view4, containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view5, request_method='POST',\n                        request_param='param',  renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view6, request_method='POST', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view7, request_param='param', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view8, request_method='POST',request_param='param',\n                        containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n\n\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view1')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view2')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view3')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view4')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view5')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view6')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view7')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view8')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n        config.add_view(unknown, route_name='root', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate_with_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n\n        config.add_view(\n            unknown,\n            route_name='root',\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=('POST',),\n            xhr=True,\n        )\n\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview___discriminator__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        class IFoo(Interface):\n            pass\n        class IBar(Interface):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IFoo)\n        class Foo(object):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IBar)\n        class Bar(object):\n            pass\n        foo = Foo()\n        bar = Bar()\n\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IFoo)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IBar)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertNotEqual(\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(foo, request),\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(bar, request),\n            )\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_renderer(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(request_type=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, None)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        directlyProvides(request, IDummy)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_noniface(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_view, view, '', None, None, object)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        self.assertNotEqual(request_iface, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper, None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_nonexistant_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationExecutionError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name_exception(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper_exc_view, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('GET', 'POST'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'HEAD'))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_get_implies_head(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'HEAD'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, header='Host:a\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'whatever'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NotHost':'whatever'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'abc'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_missing(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NoHost':'1'}\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/xml']\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = ['text/html']\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, context, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            containment='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, path_info='\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/foo')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_check_csrf_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, check_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = \"POST\"\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        request.POST = {'csrf_token': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return True\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates,\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_nomatch(self):\n        import warnings\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return False\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_predicate_bests_standard_predicate(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=(pred1,),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n            config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_more_preds_first_bests_fewer_preds_last(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', xhr=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_same_predicates(self):\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'second'\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'first'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view1)\n        config.add_view(view=view2)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_param(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf='st', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {'st': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {'X-CSRF-Token': 'foo'}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_missing_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request): return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: view(None, request))\n\n    def test_add_view_with_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, permission='view', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               default_permission='view',\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_no_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class DummyPolicy(object): pass # wont be called\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class Mapper(object):\n            def __init__(self, **kw):\n                self.__class__.kw = kw\n            def __call__(self, view):\n                return view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=view, mapper=Mapper, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, None), 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(Mapper.kw['mapper'], Mapper)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_kwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view='pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_nonkwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_doesnt_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IFactory'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.commit() # does not raise\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_conflicts(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_class_method_no_attr(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class DummyViewClass(object):\n            def run(self): pass\n\n        def configure_view():\n            config.add_view(view=DummyViewClass.run, renderer=null_renderer)\n\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, configure_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_no_regular_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertTrue(view is None)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertEqual(view1, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_misconfiguration(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class NotAnException(object):\n            pass\n        self.assertRaises(\n            ConfigurationError,\n            config.add_view, view, context=NotAnException, exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = Exception()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_subclass(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, context=ValueError,\n                                  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(ValueError))\n        context = ValueError()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_exception_only(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment': 'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(\n            view=view,\n            context=Exception,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_derive_view_function(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is dummy_view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_no_explicit_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return 'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.commit()\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        result = config.derive_view(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None).body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_with_explicit_renderer(self):\n        class moo(object): pass\n        class foo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'foo'\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_renderer('foo', foo)\n        config.commit()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer='foo')\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request).body, b'foo')\n\n    def test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_type = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, '__static/')\n        self._assertRoute(config, '__static/', 'static/*subpath')\n        wrapped = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, request_type, Interface), IView, name='')\n        from pyramid.request import Request\n        request = Request.blank('/static/minimal.txt')\n        request.subpath = ('minimal.txt', )\n        result = wrapped(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.status, '200 OK')\n        self.assertTrue(result.body.startswith(b'<div'))\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static',\n                               'pyramid.tests.test_config:files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_absolute(self):\n        import os\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n        static_path = os.path.join(here, 'files')\n        config.add_static_view('static', static_path)\n        self.assertEqual(info.added,\n                         [(config, 'static', static_path, {})])\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config.add_forbidden_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_forbidden_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPForbidden()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: arg\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, (None, request))\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_notfound_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPNotFound()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_notfound_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPTemporaryRedirect, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPTemporaryRedirect))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash_custom_response(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPMovedPermanently, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=HTTPMovedPermanently\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPMovedPermanently))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    # Since Python 3 has to be all cool and fancy and different...\n    def _assertBody(self, response, value):\n        from pyramid.compat import text_type\n        if isinstance(value, text_type):  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.text, value)\n        else:  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.body, value)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        mapper = object()\n        config.set_view_mapper(mapper)\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.set_view_mapper('pyramid.tests.test_config')\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        self.assertEqual(result, test_config)\n\n    def test_add_normal_and_exception_view_intr_derived_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        view = lambda r: 'OK'\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=True)\n        config.add_view(view, context=Exception, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view_intr = introspector.introspectables[-1]\n        self.assertTrue(view_intr.type_name, 'view')\n        self.assertEqual(view_intr['callable'], view)\n        derived_view = view_intr['derived_callable']\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.scheme = 'http'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: derived_view(None, request))\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        self.assertEqual(derived_view(None, request), 'OK')",
                                "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                                "start_lineno": 17,
                                "end_lineno": 2390,
                                "parent": null
                            }
                        }
                    ],
                    "added_entities": [],
                    "deleted_entities": []
                },
                {
                    "descriptor": {
                        "old_range": {
                            "start": 2499,
                            "length": 19
                        },
                        "new_range": {
                            "start": 2499,
                            "length": 17
                        },
                        "section": "class TestMultiView(unittest.TestCase):"
                    },
                    "line_group": {
                        "all_lines": [
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', None)])",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        mv.add('view2', 99)",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        mv.add('view3', 100, 'text/html')",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        mv.add('view3', 100, accept='text/html')",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'], [(100, 'view3', None)])",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        mv.add('view4', 99, 'text/html', 'abc')",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        mv.add('view4', 99, 'abc', accept='text/html')",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                         [(99, 'view4', 'abc'), (100, 'view3', None)])",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        mv.add('view5', 100, 'text/xml')",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        mv.add('view5', 100, accept='text/xml')",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/xml'], [(100, 'view5', None)])",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual(set(mv.accepts), set(['text/xml', 'text/html']))",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        mv.add('view6', 98, 'text/*')",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(98, 'view6', None),",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                                    (99, 'view2', None),",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                                    (100, 'view', None)])",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        mv.add('view6', 98, accept='text/*')",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/*'], [(98, 'view6', None)])",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    def test_add_with_phash(self):",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        mv = self._makeOne()",
                                "type": "context"
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    "modified_entities": [
                        {
                            "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py",
                            "type": "class",
                            "name": "TestMultiView",
                            "content": "class TestMultiView(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _getTargetClass(self):\n        from pyramid.config.views import MultiView\n        return MultiView\n\n    def _makeOne(self, name='name'):\n        return self._getTargetClass()(name)\n\n    def test_class_implements_ISecuredView(self):\n        from zope.interface.verify import verifyClass\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        verifyClass(ISecuredView, self._getTargetClass())\n\n    def test_instance_implements_ISecuredView(self):\n        from zope.interface.verify import verifyObject\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        verifyObject(ISecuredView, self._makeOne())\n\n    def test_add(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add('view', 100)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view2', 99)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view3', 100, 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'], [(100, 'view3', None)])\n        mv.add('view4', 99, 'text/html', 'abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, 'view4', 'abc'), (100, 'view3', None)])\n        mv.add('view5', 100, 'text/xml')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/xml'], [(100, 'view5', None)])\n        self.assertEqual(set(mv.accepts), set(['text/xml', 'text/html']))\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view6', 98, 'text/*')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(98, 'view6', None),\n                                    (99, 'view2', None),\n                                    (100, 'view', None)])\n\n    def test_add_with_phash(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc')])\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc')])\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='def')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc'),\n                                    (100, 'view', 'def')])\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc'),\n                                    (100, 'view', 'def')])\n\n    def test_add_with_phash_override_accept(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view1(): pass\n        def view2(): pass\n        def view3(): pass\n        mv.add(view1, 100, accept='text/html', phash='abc')\n        mv.add(view2, 100, accept='text/html', phash='abc')\n        mv.add(view3, 99, accept='text/html', phash='def')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, view3, 'def'), (100, view2, 'abc')])\n\n    def test_add_with_phash_override_accept2(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view1(): pass\n        def view2(): pass\n        def view3(): pass\n        mv.add(view1, 100, accept='text/html', phash='abc')\n        mv.add(view2, 100, accept='text/html', phash='def')\n        mv.add(view3, 99, accept='text/html', phash='ghi')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, view3, 'ghi'),\n                          (100, view1, 'abc'),\n                          (100, view2, 'def')]\n                         )\n\n    def test_multiple_with_functions_as_views(self):\n        # this failed on py3 at one point, because functions aren't orderable\n        # and we were sorting the views via a plain sort() rather than\n        # sort(key=itemgetter(0)).\n        def view1(request): pass\n        def view2(request): pass\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add(view1, 100, None)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, view1, None)])\n        mv.add(view2, 100, None)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, view1, None), (100, view2, None)])\n\n    def test_get_views_request_has_no_accept(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), mv.views)\n\n    def test_get_views_no_self_accepts(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = True\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.accepts = []\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), mv.views)\n\n    def test_get_views(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.accepts = ['text/html']\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        html_views = [(98, lambda *arg: None)]\n        mv.media_views['text/html'] = html_views\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), html_views + mv.views)\n\n    def test_get_views_best_match_returns_None(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept(None)\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.accepts = ['text/html']\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), mv.views)\n\n    def test_match_not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv.match, context, request)\n\n    def test_match_predicate_fails(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        view.__predicated__ = lambda *arg: False\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv.match, context, request)\n\n    def test_match_predicate_succeeds(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        view.__predicated__ = lambda *arg: True\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        result = mv.match(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, view)\n\n    def test_permitted_no_views(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv.__permitted__, context, request)\n\n    def test_permitted_no_match_with__permitted__(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.__permitted__(None, None), True)\n\n    def test_permitted(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        def permitted(context, request):\n            return False\n        view.__permitted__ = permitted\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        result = mv.__permitted__(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, False)\n\n    def test__call__not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv, context, request)\n\n    def test___call__intermediate_not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view1(context, request):\n            raise PredicateMismatch\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view1, None), (99, view2, None)]\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test___call__raise_not_found_isnt_interpreted_as_pred_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        def view1(context, request):\n            raise  HTTPNotFound\n        def view2(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        mv.views = [(100, view1, None), (99, view2, None)]\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv, context, request)\n\n    def test___call__(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test__call_permissive__not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv, context, request)\n\n    def test___call_permissive_has_call_permissive(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        def permissive(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        view.__call_permissive__ = permissive\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        response = mv.__call_permissive__(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test___call_permissive_has_no_call_permissive(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        response = mv.__call_permissive__(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test__call__with_accept_match(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/xml')\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, None)]\n        mv.media_views['text/xml'] = [(100, view, None)]\n        mv.accepts = ['text/xml']\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test__call__with_accept_miss(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/plain', 'text/html')\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        mv.media_views['text/xml'] = [(100, None, None)]\n        mv.accepts = ['text/xml']\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 2478,
                            "end_lineno": 2761,
                            "parent": null
                        },
                        {
                            "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py",
                            "type": "method",
                            "name": "TestMultiView.test_add",
                            "content": "class TestMultiView(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _getTargetClass(self):\n        from pyramid.config.views import MultiView\n        return MultiView\n\n    def _makeOne(self, name='name'):\n        return self._getTargetClass()(name)\n\n    def test_class_implements_ISecuredView(self):\n        from zope.interface.verify import verifyClass\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        verifyClass(ISecuredView, self._getTargetClass())\n\n    def test_instance_implements_ISecuredView(self):\n        from zope.interface.verify import verifyObject\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        verifyObject(ISecuredView, self._makeOne())\n\n    def test_add(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add('view', 100)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view2', 99)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view3', 100, 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'], [(100, 'view3', None)])\n        mv.add('view4', 99, 'text/html', 'abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, 'view4', 'abc'), (100, 'view3', None)])\n        mv.add('view5', 100, 'text/xml')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/xml'], [(100, 'view5', None)])\n        self.assertEqual(set(mv.accepts), set(['text/xml', 'text/html']))\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view6', 98, 'text/*')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(98, 'view6', None),\n                                    (99, 'view2', None),\n                                    (100, 'view', None)])\n\n    def test_add_with_phash(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc')])\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc')])\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='def')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc'),\n                                    (100, 'view', 'def')])\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc'),\n                                    (100, 'view', 'def')])\n\n    def test_add_with_phash_override_accept(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view1(): pass\n        def view2(): pass\n        def view3(): pass\n        mv.add(view1, 100, accept='text/html', phash='abc')\n        mv.add(view2, 100, accept='text/html', phash='abc')\n        mv.add(view3, 99, accept='text/html', phash='def')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, view3, 'def'), (100, view2, 'abc')])\n\n    def test_add_with_phash_override_accept2(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view1(): pass\n        def view2(): pass\n        def view3(): pass\n        mv.add(view1, 100, accept='text/html', phash='abc')\n        mv.add(view2, 100, accept='text/html', phash='def')\n        mv.add(view3, 99, accept='text/html', phash='ghi')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, view3, 'ghi'),\n                          (100, view1, 'abc'),\n                          (100, view2, 'def')]\n                         )\n\n    def test_multiple_with_functions_as_views(self):\n        # this failed on py3 at one point, because functions aren't orderable\n        # and we were sorting the views via a plain sort() rather than\n        # sort(key=itemgetter(0)).\n        def view1(request): pass\n        def view2(request): pass\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add(view1, 100, None)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, view1, None)])\n        mv.add(view2, 100, None)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, view1, None), (100, view2, None)])\n\n    def test_get_views_request_has_no_accept(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), mv.views)\n\n    def test_get_views_no_self_accepts(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = True\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.accepts = []\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), mv.views)\n\n    def test_get_views(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.accepts = ['text/html']\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        html_views = [(98, lambda *arg: None)]\n        mv.media_views['text/html'] = html_views\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), html_views + mv.views)\n\n    def test_get_views_best_match_returns_None(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept(None)\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.accepts = ['text/html']\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), mv.views)\n\n    def test_match_not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv.match, context, request)\n\n    def test_match_predicate_fails(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        view.__predicated__ = lambda *arg: False\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv.match, context, request)\n\n    def test_match_predicate_succeeds(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        view.__predicated__ = lambda *arg: True\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        result = mv.match(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, view)\n\n    def test_permitted_no_views(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv.__permitted__, context, request)\n\n    def test_permitted_no_match_with__permitted__(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.__permitted__(None, None), True)\n\n    def test_permitted(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        def permitted(context, request):\n            return False\n        view.__permitted__ = permitted\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        result = mv.__permitted__(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, False)\n\n    def test__call__not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv, context, request)\n\n    def test___call__intermediate_not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view1(context, request):\n            raise PredicateMismatch\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view1, None), (99, view2, None)]\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test___call__raise_not_found_isnt_interpreted_as_pred_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        def view1(context, request):\n            raise  HTTPNotFound\n        def view2(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        mv.views = [(100, view1, None), (99, view2, None)]\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv, context, request)\n\n    def test___call__(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test__call_permissive__not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv, context, request)\n\n    def test___call_permissive_has_call_permissive(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        def permissive(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        view.__call_permissive__ = permissive\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        response = mv.__call_permissive__(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test___call_permissive_has_no_call_permissive(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        response = mv.__call_permissive__(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test__call__with_accept_match(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/xml')\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, None)]\n        mv.media_views['text/xml'] = [(100, view, None)]\n        mv.accepts = ['text/xml']\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test__call__with_accept_miss(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/plain', 'text/html')\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        mv.media_views['text/xml'] = [(100, None, None)]\n        mv.accepts = ['text/xml']\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 2496,
                            "end_lineno": 2514,
                            "parent": {
                                "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py",
                                "type": "class",
                                "name": "TestMultiView",
                                "content": "class TestMultiView(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _getTargetClass(self):\n        from pyramid.config.views import MultiView\n        return MultiView\n\n    def _makeOne(self, name='name'):\n        return self._getTargetClass()(name)\n\n    def test_class_implements_ISecuredView(self):\n        from zope.interface.verify import verifyClass\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        verifyClass(ISecuredView, self._getTargetClass())\n\n    def test_instance_implements_ISecuredView(self):\n        from zope.interface.verify import verifyObject\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        verifyObject(ISecuredView, self._makeOne())\n\n    def test_add(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add('view', 100)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view2', 99)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view3', 100, 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'], [(100, 'view3', None)])\n        mv.add('view4', 99, 'text/html', 'abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, 'view4', 'abc'), (100, 'view3', None)])\n        mv.add('view5', 100, 'text/xml')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/xml'], [(100, 'view5', None)])\n        self.assertEqual(set(mv.accepts), set(['text/xml', 'text/html']))\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view6', 98, 'text/*')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(98, 'view6', None),\n                                    (99, 'view2', None),\n                                    (100, 'view', None)])\n\n    def test_add_with_phash(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc')])\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc')])\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='def')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc'),\n                                    (100, 'view', 'def')])\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc'),\n                                    (100, 'view', 'def')])\n\n    def test_add_with_phash_override_accept(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view1(): pass\n        def view2(): pass\n        def view3(): pass\n        mv.add(view1, 100, accept='text/html', phash='abc')\n        mv.add(view2, 100, accept='text/html', phash='abc')\n        mv.add(view3, 99, accept='text/html', phash='def')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, view3, 'def'), (100, view2, 'abc')])\n\n    def test_add_with_phash_override_accept2(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view1(): pass\n        def view2(): pass\n        def view3(): pass\n        mv.add(view1, 100, accept='text/html', phash='abc')\n        mv.add(view2, 100, accept='text/html', phash='def')\n        mv.add(view3, 99, accept='text/html', phash='ghi')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, view3, 'ghi'),\n                          (100, view1, 'abc'),\n                          (100, view2, 'def')]\n                         )\n\n    def test_multiple_with_functions_as_views(self):\n        # this failed on py3 at one point, because functions aren't orderable\n        # and we were sorting the views via a plain sort() rather than\n        # sort(key=itemgetter(0)).\n        def view1(request): pass\n        def view2(request): pass\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add(view1, 100, None)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, view1, None)])\n        mv.add(view2, 100, None)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, view1, None), (100, view2, None)])\n\n    def test_get_views_request_has_no_accept(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), mv.views)\n\n    def test_get_views_no_self_accepts(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = True\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.accepts = []\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), mv.views)\n\n    def test_get_views(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.accepts = ['text/html']\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        html_views = [(98, lambda *arg: None)]\n        mv.media_views['text/html'] = html_views\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), html_views + mv.views)\n\n    def test_get_views_best_match_returns_None(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept(None)\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.accepts = ['text/html']\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), mv.views)\n\n    def test_match_not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv.match, context, request)\n\n    def test_match_predicate_fails(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        view.__predicated__ = lambda *arg: False\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv.match, context, request)\n\n    def test_match_predicate_succeeds(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        view.__predicated__ = lambda *arg: True\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        result = mv.match(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, view)\n\n    def test_permitted_no_views(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv.__permitted__, context, request)\n\n    def test_permitted_no_match_with__permitted__(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.__permitted__(None, None), True)\n\n    def test_permitted(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        def permitted(context, request):\n            return False\n        view.__permitted__ = permitted\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        result = mv.__permitted__(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, False)\n\n    def test__call__not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv, context, request)\n\n    def test___call__intermediate_not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view1(context, request):\n            raise PredicateMismatch\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view1, None), (99, view2, None)]\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test___call__raise_not_found_isnt_interpreted_as_pred_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        def view1(context, request):\n            raise  HTTPNotFound\n        def view2(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        mv.views = [(100, view1, None), (99, view2, None)]\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv, context, request)\n\n    def test___call__(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test__call_permissive__not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv, context, request)\n\n    def test___call_permissive_has_call_permissive(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        def permissive(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        view.__call_permissive__ = permissive\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        response = mv.__call_permissive__(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test___call_permissive_has_no_call_permissive(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        response = mv.__call_permissive__(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test__call__with_accept_match(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/xml')\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, None)]\n        mv.media_views['text/xml'] = [(100, view, None)]\n        mv.accepts = ['text/xml']\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test__call__with_accept_miss(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/plain', 'text/html')\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        mv.media_views['text/xml'] = [(100, None, None)]\n        mv.accepts = ['text/xml']\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)",
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                                "content": "",
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                                "content": "                    self.matches.remove(match)",
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                                "content": "                    return match",
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                                "content": "    def acceptable_offers(self, offers):",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
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                                "content": "        results = []",
                                "type": "added"
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                            {
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                                "type": "added"
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                            {
                                "content": "            if match in offers:",
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                            {
                                "content": "                results.append((match, 1.0))",
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                            {
                                "content": "        return results",
                                "type": "added"
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                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "context"
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                            {
                                "content": "class DummyConfig:",
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                                "content": "    def __init__(self):",
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                            "content": "class DummyAccept(object):\n    def __init__(self, *matches):\n        self.matches = list(matches)\n\n    def acceptable_offers(self, offers):\n        results = []\n        for match in self.matches:\n            if match in offers:\n                results.append((match, 1.0))\n        return results",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
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                                "name": "DummyAccept",
                                "content": "class DummyAccept(object):\n    def __init__(self, *matches):\n        self.matches = list(matches)\n\n    def acceptable_offers(self, offers):\n        results = []\n        for match in self.matches:\n            if match in offers:\n                results.append((match, 1.0))\n        return results",
                                "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
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                                "content": "class DummyAccept(object):\n    def __init__(self, *matches):\n        self.matches = list(matches)\n\n    def best_match(self, offered):\n        if self.matches:\n            for match in self.matches:\n                if match in offered:\n                    self.matches.remove(match)\n                    return match\n    def __contains__(self, val):\n        return val in self.matches",
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                            "content": "class DummyAccept(object):\n    def __init__(self, *matches):\n        self.matches = list(matches)\n\n    def best_match(self, offered):\n        if self.matches:\n            for match in self.matches:\n                if match in offered:\n                    self.matches.remove(match)\n                    return match\n    def __contains__(self, val):\n        return val in self.matches",
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                            "start_lineno": 3449,
                            "end_lineno": 3450,
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                                "name": "DummyAccept",
                                "content": "class DummyAccept(object):\n    def __init__(self, *matches):\n        self.matches = list(matches)\n\n    def best_match(self, offered):\n        if self.matches:\n            for match in self.matches:\n                if match in offered:\n                    self.matches.remove(match)\n                    return match\n    def __contains__(self, val):\n        return val in self.matches",
                                "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                                "start_lineno": 3439,
                                "end_lineno": 3450,
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                                "content": "    def __init__(self):",
                                "type": "context"
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                            {
                                "content": "        self.views = []",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.name = 'name'",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    def add(self, view, order, accept=None, phash=None):",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.views.append((view, accept, phash))",
                                "type": "deleted"
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                                "content": "    def add(self, view, order, phash=None, accept=None, accept_order=None):",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        self.views.append((view, phash, accept, accept_order))",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    def __call__(self, context, request):",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        return 'OK1'",
                                "type": "context"
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                            {
                                "content": "    def __permitted__(self, context, request):",
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                            "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py",
                            "type": "class",
                            "name": "DummyMultiView",
                            "content": "class DummyMultiView:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.views = []\n        self.name = 'name'\n    def add(self, view, order, accept=None, phash=None):\n        self.views.append((view, accept, phash))\n    def __call__(self, context, request):\n        return 'OK1'\n    def __permitted__(self, context, request):\n        \"\"\" \"\"\"",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 3474,
                            "end_lineno": 3483,
                            "parent": null
                        },
                        {
                            "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py",
                            "type": "method",
                            "name": "DummyMultiView.add",
                            "content": "class DummyMultiView:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.views = []\n        self.name = 'name'\n    def add(self, view, order, accept=None, phash=None):\n        self.views.append((view, accept, phash))\n    def __call__(self, context, request):\n        return 'OK1'\n    def __permitted__(self, context, request):\n        \"\"\" \"\"\"",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 3478,
                            "end_lineno": 3479,
                            "parent": {
                                "file_name": "pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py",
                                "type": "class",
                                "name": "DummyMultiView",
                                "content": "class DummyMultiView:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.views = []\n        self.name = 'name'\n    def add(self, view, order, accept=None, phash=None):\n        self.views.append((view, accept, phash))\n    def __call__(self, context, request):\n        return 'OK1'\n    def __permitted__(self, context, request):\n        \"\"\" \"\"\"",
                                "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                                "start_lineno": 3474,
                                "end_lineno": 3483,
                                "parent": null
                            }
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    "old_commit_hash": "c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464^",
    "new_commit_hash": "c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464",
    "commit_message": "fix old tests",
    "commit_date": "2018-09-27T01:22:02-05:00",
    "metadata": {}
}
{
    "repo_name": "pyramid",
    "new_commit_hash": "c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464",
    "test_file_codes": [
        "import os\nimport unittest\nfrom pyramid import testing\n\nfrom pyramid.tests.test_config import IDummy\n\nfrom pyramid.tests.test_config import dummy_view\n\nfrom pyramid.compat import (\n    im_func,\n    text_,\n    )\nfrom pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\nfrom pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationExecutionError\nfrom pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationConflictError\n\nclass TestViewsConfigurationMixin(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=False)\n        return config\n\n    def _getViewCallable(self, config, ctx_iface=None, exc_iface=None,\n                         request_iface=None, name=''):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        if exc_iface:\n            classifier = IExceptionViewClassifier\n            ctx_iface = exc_iface\n        else:\n            classifier = IViewClassifier\n        if ctx_iface is None:\n            ctx_iface = Interface\n        if request_iface is None:\n            request_iface = IRequest\n        return config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (classifier, request_iface, ctx_iface), IView, name=name,\n            default=None)\n\n    def _registerRenderer(self, config, name='.txt'):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRendererFactory\n        class Renderer:\n            def __init__(self, info):\n                self.__class__.info = info\n            def __call__(self, *arg):\n                return b'Hello!'\n        config.registry.registerUtility(Renderer, IRendererFactory, name=name)\n        return Renderer\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def _assertNotFound(self, wrapper, *arg):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, *arg)\n\n    def _getRouteRequestIface(self, config, name):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        iface = config.registry.getUtility(IRouteRequest, name)\n        return iface\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_no_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_and_route_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_view, view, '', None,\n                          None, True, True)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view,\n                        request_type='pyramid.interfaces.IRequest',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n        directlyProvides(request, IRequest)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_None_with_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self._registerRenderer(config, name='dummy')\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_introspector_missing(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.introspector = None\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_no_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertFalse(('renderer factories', '.pt') in\n                         introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, view, None, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_with_renderer_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector(True)\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        def dummy_factory(helper):\n            return lambda val, system_vals: 'Hello!'\n        config.add_renderer('.pt', dummy_factory)\n        config.add_view(renderer='dummy.pt')\n        self.assertTrue(\n            ('renderer factories', '.pt') in introspector.related[-1])\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(b'Hello!' in view(None, None).body)\n\n    def test_add_view_wrapped_view_is_decorated(self):\n        def view(request): # request-only wrapper\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__module__, view.__module__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, view.__name__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__discriminator__(None, None).resolve()[0],\n                         'view')\n\n    def test_add_view_view_callable_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_function_callable_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, name='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name='abc')\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_name_unicode(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        name = text_(b'La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        config.add_view(view=view, name=name, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, name=name)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=view_wrapper,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_decorator_tuple(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return 'OK'\n        def view_wrapper1(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped1' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        def view_wrapper2(fn):\n            def inner(context, request):\n                return 'wrapped2' + fn(context, request)\n            return inner\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, decorator=(view_wrapper2, view_wrapper1),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'wrapped2wrapped1OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_http_cache(self):\n        import datetime\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        response = Response('OK')\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" ABC \"\"\"\n            return response\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, http_cache=(86400, {'public':True}))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(wrapper is view)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__doc__, view.__doc__)\n        request = testing.DummyRequest()\n        when = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, response)\n        headers = dict(response.headerlist)\n        self.assertEqual(headers['Cache-Control'], 'max-age=86400, public')\n        expires = parse_httpdate(headers['Expires'])\n        assert_similar_datetime(expires, when)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instancemethod_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class View:\n            def index(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        config=self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view.index, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_instance_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class AView:\n            def __call__(self, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n                return 'OK'\n        view = AView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, None)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.context = context\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                self.request = request\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(request.__view__.__class__, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_class(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(context='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view,  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for__as_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n                        view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_class(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=Foo, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        foo = implementedBy(Foo)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, foo)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_for_as_iface(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(for_=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_context_trumps_for(self):\n        # ``for_`` is older spelling for ``context``\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class Foo:\n            pass\n        config.add_view(context=IDummy, for_=Foo, view=view,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_register_secured_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__call_permissive__ = view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='', default=None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from hashlib import md5\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        phash = md5()\n        phash.update(b'xhr = True')\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = phash.hexdigest()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, xhr=True, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_no_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_default_phash(self):\n        from pyramid.config.util import DEFAULT_PHASH\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        view.__phash__ = DEFAULT_PHASH\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        def newview(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=newview, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            ISecuredView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, context=RuntimeError, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_mixed_case_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/HTML', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views.items()),1)\n        self.assertFalse('text/HTML' in wrapper.media_views)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_views_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'OK3'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view3, accept='text/html', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views['text/html']), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK3')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, accept='text/html', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_mulview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return 'OK2'\n        view.__accept__ = 'text/html'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(len(wrapper.media_views), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_replaces_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([(x[0], x[2]) for x in wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([(x[0], x[2]) for x in hot_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([(x[0], x[2]) for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        hot_view = DummyMultiView()\n        exc_view = DummyMultiView()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            hot_view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            exc_view,\n            (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, implementedBy(RuntimeError)),\n            IMultiView, name='')\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config.add_view(view=view2, context=RuntimeError, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        hot_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(hot_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(len(hot_wrapper.views), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(hot_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n        exc_wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError))\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(exc_wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual([(x[0], x[2]) for x in exc_wrapper.views], [(view2, None)])\n        self.assertEqual(exc_wrapper(None, None), 'OK1')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_context_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        class ISuper(Interface):\n            pass\n        class ISub(ISuper):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, ISuper), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=ISub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISuper,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=ISub,\n                                        request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_exception_superclass_then_subclass(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionViewClassifier\n        class Super(Exception):\n            pass\n        class Sub(Super):\n            pass\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'OK2'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IExceptionViewClassifier, IRequest, Super), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view2, for_=Sub, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Super), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Sub), request_iface=IRequest)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertFalse(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper_exc_view))\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK2')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview_call_ordering(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'view2'\n        def view3(context, request): return 'view3'\n        def view4(context, request): return 'view4'\n        def view5(context, request): return 'view5'\n        def view6(context, request): return 'view6'\n        def view7(context, request): return 'view7'\n        def view8(context, request): return 'view8'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='POST', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view3,request_param='param', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view4, containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view5, request_method='POST',\n                        request_param='param',  renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view6, request_method='POST', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view7, request_param='param', containment=IDummy,\n                        renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(view=view8, request_method='POST',request_param='param',\n                        containment=IDummy, renderer=nr)\n\n\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view1')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view2')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view3')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view4')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view5')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view6')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view7')\n\n        ctx = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(ctx, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {'param':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(ctx, request), 'view8')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n        config.add_view(unknown, route_name='root', renderer=nr)\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_view_with_most_specific_predicate_with_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.router import Router\n\n        class OtherBase(object): pass\n        class Int1(object): pass\n        class Int2(object): pass\n\n        class Resource(OtherBase, Int1, Int2):\n            def __init__(self, request): pass\n\n        def unknown(context, request): return 'unknown'\n        def view(context, request): return 'hello'\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('root', '/', factory=Resource)\n\n        config.add_view(\n            unknown,\n            route_name='root',\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=('POST',),\n            xhr=True,\n        )\n\n        config.add_view(\n            view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int1, request_method='GET'\n        )\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view, renderer=nr, route_name='root',\n            context=Int2, request_method='POST'\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.params = {}\n        router = Router(config.registry)\n        response = router.handle_request(request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, 'hello')\n\n    def test_add_view_multiview___discriminator__(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        class IFoo(Interface):\n            pass\n        class IBar(Interface):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IFoo)\n        class Foo(object):\n            pass\n        @implementer(IBar)\n        class Bar(object):\n            pass\n        foo = Foo()\n        bar = Bar()\n\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view.__phash__ = 'abc'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerAdapter(\n            view, (IViewClassifier, IRequest, Interface), IView, name='')\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IFoo)\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=null_renderer,\n                        containment=IBar)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(wrapper))\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertNotEqual(\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(foo, request),\n            wrapper.__discriminator__(bar, request),\n            )\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_renderer(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n\n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_view(view=view)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n        self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\n        self.assertEqual(result.name, fixture)\n        self.assertEqual(result.settings, settings)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_iface(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(request_type=IDummy, view=view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, None)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        directlyProvides(request, IDummy)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_type_as_noniface(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_view, view, '', None, None, object)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        self.assertNotEqual(request_iface, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config, request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper, None)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_nonexistant_route_name(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationExecutionError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_route_name_exception(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(view=view, route_name='foo', context=RuntimeError,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_iface = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, 'foo')\n        wrapper_exc_view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertNotEqual(wrapper_exc_view, None)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(RuntimeError),\n            request_iface=request_iface)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view, wrapper)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper_exc_view(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='POST')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'GET'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('GET', 'POST'),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method=('POST', 'HEAD'))\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_method_get_implies_head(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'HEAD'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_request_param_val_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_param='abc=123')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':''}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_xhr_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, xhr=True)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, header='Host:a\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'whatever'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_noval_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header='Host')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NotHost':'whatever'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'1'}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'abc'}\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_header_val_missing(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, header=r'Host:\\d')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'NoHost':'1'}\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/xml')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, accept='text/xml')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_true(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_false(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, containment=IDummy)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, context, None)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_containment_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            containment='pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_badregex(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view, path_info='\\\\')\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_match(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo', renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/foo')\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_path_info_nomatch(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, path_info='/foo')\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_check_csrf_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, check_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = \"POST\"\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        request.POST = {'csrf_token': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_match(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return True\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates,\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_nomatch(self):\n        import warnings\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        def pred2(context, request):\n            return False\n        predicates = (pred1, pred2)\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=predicates)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self._assertNotFound(wrapper, None, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_predicate_bests_standard_predicate(self):\n        import warnings\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request):\n            return True\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_view(view=view, custom_predicates=(pred1,),\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n            config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                            renderer=null_renderer)\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_custom_more_preds_first_bests_fewer_preds_last(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'NOT OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view, request_method='GET', xhr=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(view=view2, request_method='GET',\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_same_predicates(self):\n        view2 = lambda *arg: 'second'\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'first'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_view(view=view1)\n        config.add_view(view=view2)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_param(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf='st', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {'st': 'foo'}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {'X-CSRF-Token': 'foo'}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_missing_csrf_header(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request): return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view, require_csrf=True, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.scheme = \"http\"\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: view(None, request))\n\n    def test_add_view_with_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, permission='view', renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        outerself = self\n        class DummyPolicy(object):\n            def effective_principals(self, r):\n                outerself.assertEqual(r, request)\n                return ['abc']\n            def permits(self, context, principals, permission):\n                outerself.assertEqual(context, None)\n                outerself.assertEqual(principals, ['abc'])\n                outerself.assertEqual(permission, 'view')\n                return True\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               default_permission='view',\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_no_default_permission_no_explicit_permission(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        class DummyPolicy(object): pass # wont be called\n        policy = DummyPolicy()\n        config = self._makeOne(authorization_policy=policy,\n                               authentication_policy=policy,\n                               autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_view_with_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class Mapper(object):\n            def __init__(self, **kw):\n                self.__class__.kw = kw\n            def __call__(self, view):\n                return view\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def view(context, request): return 'OK'\n        config.add_view(view=view, mapper=Mapper, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        self.assertEqual(view(None, None), 'OK')\n        self.assertEqual(Mapper.kw['mapper'], Mapper)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_kwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            view='pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_nonkwarg(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.DummyViewDefaultsClass',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_doesnt_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IFactory'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.commit() # does not raise\n\n    def test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_conflicts(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        class view2(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=False)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        config.add_view(\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationConflictError, config.commit)\n\n    def test_add_view_class_method_no_attr(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class DummyViewClass(object):\n            def run(self): pass\n\n        def configure_view():\n            config.add_view(view=DummyViewClass.run, renderer=null_renderer)\n\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, configure_view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_no_regular_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config, ctx_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertTrue(view is None)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_view(view=view1, context=Exception, exception_only=True,\n                        renderer=null_renderer)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        self.assertEqual(view1, view)\n\n    def test_add_view_exception_only_misconfiguration(self):\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        class NotAnException(object):\n            pass\n        self.assertRaises(\n            ConfigurationError,\n            config.add_view, view, context=NotAnException, exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = Exception()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_subclass(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        view1 = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(view=view1, context=ValueError,\n                                  renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(ValueError))\n        context = ValueError()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_disallows_exception_only(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_exception_view,\n                          context=Exception(),\n                          exception_only=True)\n\n    def test_add_exception_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment': 'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_exception_view(\n            view=view,\n            context=Exception,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(Exception))\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_derive_view_function(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        result = config.derive_view(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_view',\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        self.assertFalse(result is dummy_view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None), 'OK')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_no_explicit_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        class moo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return 'moo'\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.commit()\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        result = config.derive_view(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, None).body, b'moo')\n\n    def test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_with_explicit_renderer(self):\n        class moo(object): pass\n        class foo(object):\n            def __init__(self, view):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self, *arg, **kw):\n                return b'foo'\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_renderer(None, moo)\n        config.add_renderer('foo', foo)\n        config.commit()\n        result = config.derive_view(view, renderer='foo')\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request).body, b'foo')\n\n    def test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_type = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, '__static/')\n        self._assertRoute(config, '__static/', 'static/*subpath')\n        wrapped = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, request_type, Interface), IView, name='')\n        from pyramid.request import Request\n        request = Request.blank('/static/minimal.txt')\n        request.subpath = ('minimal.txt', )\n        result = wrapped(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.status, '200 OK')\n        self.assertTrue(result.body.startswith(b'<div'))\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static',\n                               'pyramid.tests.test_config:files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n        self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\n\n    def test_add_static_view_absolute(self):\n        import os\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n        static_path = os.path.join(here, 'files')\n        config.add_static_view('static', static_path)\n        self.assertEqual(info.added,\n                         [(config, 'static', static_path, {})])\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: 'OK'\n        config.add_forbidden_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_forbidden_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPForbidden()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_forbidden_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: arg\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, (None, request))\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_no_view_argument(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        config.add_notfound_view()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = HTTPNotFound()\n        result = view(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, context)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_allows_other_predicates(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        # doesnt blow up\n        config.add_view_predicate('dummy', DummyPredicate)\n        config.add_notfound_view(renderer=null_renderer, dummy='abc')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, name='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, permission='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_require_csrf(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, require_csrf=True)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, context='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_disallows_for_(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError,\n                          config.add_notfound_view, for_='foo')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPTemporaryRedirect, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPTemporaryRedirect))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_append_slash_custom_response(self):\n        from pyramid.response import Response\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPMovedPermanently, HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/foo/')\n        def view(request): return Response('OK')\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view, renderer=null_renderer,append_slash=HTTPMovedPermanently\n        )\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/foo'\n        request.query_string = 'a=1&b=2'\n        request.path = '/scriptname/foo'\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, HTTPMovedPermanently))\n        self.assertEqual(result.location, '/scriptname/foo/?a=1&b=2')\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_view_defaults(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        from zope.interface import directlyProvides\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        class view(object):\n            __view_defaults__ = {\n                'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n                }\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view=view,\n            renderer=null_renderer)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(\n            config, exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n            request_iface=IRequest)\n        context = DummyContext()\n        directlyProvides(context, IDummy)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertEqual(wrapper(context, request), 'OK')\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        self.assertRaises(PredicateMismatch, wrapper, context, request)\n\n    # Since Python 3 has to be all cool and fancy and different...\n    def _assertBody(self, response, value):\n        from pyramid.compat import text_type\n        if isinstance(value, text_type):  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.text, value)\n        else:  # pragma: no cover\n            self.assertEqual(response.body, value)\n\n    def test_add_notfound_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_notfound_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPNotFound),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_add_forbidden_view_with_renderer(self):\n        from zope.interface import implementedBy\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPForbidden\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        view = lambda *arg: {}\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_forbidden_view(\n            view,\n            renderer='json')\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        view = self._getViewCallable(config,\n                                     exc_iface=implementedBy(HTTPForbidden),\n                                     request_iface=IRequest)\n        result = view(None, request)\n        self._assertBody(result, '{}')\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        mapper = object()\n        config.set_view_mapper(mapper)\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_set_view_mapper_dottedname(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewMapperFactory\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.set_view_mapper('pyramid.tests.test_config')\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(IViewMapperFactory)\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        self.assertEqual(result, test_config)\n\n    def test_add_normal_and_exception_view_intr_derived_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from pyramid.exceptions import BadCSRFToken\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        introspector = DummyIntrospector()\n        config.introspector = introspector\n        view = lambda r: 'OK'\n        config.set_default_csrf_options(require_csrf=True)\n        config.add_view(view, context=Exception, renderer=null_renderer)\n        view_intr = introspector.introspectables[-1]\n        self.assertTrue(view_intr.type_name, 'view')\n        self.assertEqual(view_intr['callable'], view)\n        derived_view = view_intr['derived_callable']\n\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        request.scheme = 'http'\n        request.POST = {}\n        request.headers = {}\n        request.session = DummySession({'csrf_token': 'foo'})\n        self.assertRaises(BadCSRFToken, lambda: derived_view(None, request))\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        self.assertEqual(derived_view(None, request), 'OK')\n\nclass Test_runtime_exc_view(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, view1, view2):\n        from pyramid.config.views import runtime_exc_view\n        return runtime_exc_view(view1, view2)\n\n    def test_call(self):\n        def view1(context, request): return 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        result_view = self._makeOne(view1, view2)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        result = result_view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_call_dispatches_on_exception(self):\n        def view1(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        def view2(context, request): return 'OK'\n        result_view = self._makeOne(view1, view2)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        result = result_view(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_permitted(self):\n        def errfn(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        def view1(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        view1.__permitted__ = lambda c, r: 'OK'\n        def view2(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        view2.__permitted__ = errfn\n        result_view = self._makeOne(view1, view2)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        result = result_view.__permitted__(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\n    def test_permitted_dispatches_on_exception(self):\n        def errfn(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        def view1(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        view1.__permitted__ = errfn\n        def view2(context, request): raise AssertionError\n        view2.__permitted__ = lambda c, r: 'OK'\n        result_view = self._makeOne(view1, view2)\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.exception = Exception()\n        result = result_view.__permitted__(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'OK')\n\nclass Test_requestonly(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _callFUT(self, view, attr=None):\n        from pyramid.config.views import requestonly\n        return requestonly(view, attr=attr)\n\n    def test_defaults(self):\n        def aview(request, a=1, b=2): pass\n        self.assertTrue(self._callFUT(aview))\n\n    def test_otherattr(self):\n        class AView(object):\n            def __init__(self, request, a=1, b=2): pass\n            def bleh(self): pass\n        self.assertTrue(self._callFUT(AView, 'bleh'))\n\nclass Test_isexception(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _callFUT(self, ob):\n        from pyramid.config.views import isexception\n        return isexception(ob)\n\n    def test_is_exception_instance(self):\n        class E(Exception):\n            pass\n        e = E()\n        self.assertEqual(self._callFUT(e), True)\n\n    def test_is_exception_class(self):\n        class E(Exception):\n            pass\n        self.assertEqual(self._callFUT(E), True)\n\n    def test_is_IException(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IException\n        self.assertEqual(self._callFUT(IException), True)\n\n    def test_is_IException_subinterface(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IException\n        class ISubException(IException):\n            pass\n        self.assertEqual(self._callFUT(ISubException), True)\n\nclass TestMultiView(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _getTargetClass(self):\n        from pyramid.config.views import MultiView\n        return MultiView\n\n    def _makeOne(self, name='name'):\n        return self._getTargetClass()(name)\n\n    def test_class_implements_ISecuredView(self):\n        from zope.interface.verify import verifyClass\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        verifyClass(ISecuredView, self._getTargetClass())\n\n    def test_instance_implements_ISecuredView(self):\n        from zope.interface.verify import verifyObject\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISecuredView\n        verifyObject(ISecuredView, self._makeOne())\n\n    def test_add(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add('view', 100)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view2', 99)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view3', 100, accept='text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'], [(100, 'view3', None)])\n        mv.add('view4', 99, 'abc', accept='text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, 'view4', 'abc'), (100, 'view3', None)])\n        mv.add('view5', 100, accept='text/xml')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/xml'], [(100, 'view5', None)])\n        self.assertEqual(set(mv.accepts), set(['text/xml', 'text/html']))\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view6', 98, accept='text/*')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/*'], [(98, 'view6', None)])\n\n    def test_add_with_phash(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc')])\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc')])\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='def')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc'),\n                                    (100, 'view', 'def')])\n        mv.add('view', 100, phash='abc')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', 'abc'),\n                                    (100, 'view', 'def')])\n\n    def test_add_with_phash_override_accept(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view1(): pass\n        def view2(): pass\n        def view3(): pass\n        mv.add(view1, 100, accept='text/html', phash='abc')\n        mv.add(view2, 100, accept='text/html', phash='abc')\n        mv.add(view3, 99, accept='text/html', phash='def')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, view3, 'def'), (100, view2, 'abc')])\n\n    def test_add_with_phash_override_accept2(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view1(): pass\n        def view2(): pass\n        def view3(): pass\n        mv.add(view1, 100, accept='text/html', phash='abc')\n        mv.add(view2, 100, accept='text/html', phash='def')\n        mv.add(view3, 99, accept='text/html', phash='ghi')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, view3, 'ghi'),\n                          (100, view1, 'abc'),\n                          (100, view2, 'def')]\n                         )\n\n    def test_multiple_with_functions_as_views(self):\n        # this failed on py3 at one point, because functions aren't orderable\n        # and we were sorting the views via a plain sort() rather than\n        # sort(key=itemgetter(0)).\n        def view1(request): pass\n        def view2(request): pass\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add(view1, 100, None)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, view1, None)])\n        mv.add(view2, 100, None)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, view1, None), (100, view2, None)])\n\n    def test_get_views_request_has_no_accept(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), mv.views)\n\n    def test_get_views_no_self_accepts(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = True\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.accepts = []\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), mv.views)\n\n    def test_get_views(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.accepts = ['text/html']\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        html_views = [(98, lambda *arg: None)]\n        mv.media_views['text/html'] = html_views\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), html_views + mv.views)\n\n    def test_get_views_best_match_returns_None(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept(None)\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.accepts = ['text/html']\n        mv.views = [(99, lambda *arg: None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.get_views(request), mv.views)\n\n    def test_match_not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv.match, context, request)\n\n    def test_match_predicate_fails(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        view.__predicated__ = lambda *arg: False\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv.match, context, request)\n\n    def test_match_predicate_succeeds(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        view.__predicated__ = lambda *arg: True\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        result = mv.match(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, view)\n\n    def test_permitted_no_views(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv.__permitted__, context, request)\n\n    def test_permitted_no_match_with__permitted__(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        self.assertEqual(mv.__permitted__(None, None), True)\n\n    def test_permitted(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        def permitted(context, request):\n            return False\n        view.__permitted__ = permitted\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        result = mv.__permitted__(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, False)\n\n    def test__call__not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv, context, request)\n\n    def test___call__intermediate_not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import PredicateMismatch\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view1(context, request):\n            raise PredicateMismatch\n        def view2(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view1, None), (99, view2, None)]\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test___call__raise_not_found_isnt_interpreted_as_pred_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        def view1(context, request):\n            raise  HTTPNotFound\n        def view2(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        mv.views = [(100, view1, None), (99, view2, None)]\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv, context, request)\n\n    def test___call__(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test__call_permissive__not_found(self):\n        from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(HTTPNotFound, mv, context, request)\n\n    def test___call_permissive_has_call_permissive(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        def permissive(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        view.__call_permissive__ = permissive\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        response = mv.__call_permissive__(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test___call_permissive_has_no_call_permissive(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.view_name = ''\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        response = mv.__call_permissive__(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test__call__with_accept_match(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html', 'text/xml')\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, None)]\n        mv.media_views['text/xml'] = [(100, view, None)]\n        mv.accepts = ['text/xml']\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n    def test__call__with_accept_miss(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        context = DummyContext()\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/plain', 'text/html')\n        expected_response = DummyResponse()\n        def view(context, request):\n            return expected_response\n        mv.views = [(100, view, None)]\n        mv.media_views['text/xml'] = [(100, None, None)]\n        mv.accepts = ['text/xml']\n        response = mv(context, request)\n        self.assertEqual(response, expected_response)\n\n\n\nclass TestDefaultViewMapper(unittest.TestCase):\n    def setUp(self):\n        self.config = testing.setUp()\n        self.registry = self.config.registry\n\n    def tearDown(self):\n        del self.registry\n        testing.tearDown()\n\n    def _makeOne(self, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config.views import DefaultViewMapper\n        kw['registry'] = self.registry\n        return DefaultViewMapper(**kw)\n\n    def _makeRequest(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = self.registry\n        return request\n\n    def test_view_as_function_context_and_request(self):\n        def view(context, request):\n            return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertTrue(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test__view_as_function_with_attr(self):\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='__name__')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(TypeError, result, None, request)\n\n    def test_view_as_function_requestonly(self):\n        def view(request):\n            return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_function_requestonly_with_attr(self):\n        def view(request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='__name__')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(TypeError, result, None, request)\n\n    def test_view_as_newstyle_class_context_and_request(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_newstyle_class_context_and_request_with_attr(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                pass\n            def index(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='index')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_newstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_newstyle_class_requestonly_with_attr(self):\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def index(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='index')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_oldstyle_class_context_and_request(self):\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_oldstyle_class_context_and_request_with_attr(self):\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                pass\n            def index(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='index')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly(self):\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def __call__(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly_with_attr(self):\n        class view:\n            def __init__(self, request):\n                pass\n            def index(self):\n                return 'OK'\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='index')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_instance_context_and_request(self):\n        class View:\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertTrue(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_instance_context_and_request_and_attr(self):\n        class View:\n            def index(self, context, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='index')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_instance_requestonly(self):\n        class View:\n            def __call__(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        mapper = self._makeOne()\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\n    def test_view_as_instance_requestonly_with_attr(self):\n        class View:\n            def index(self, request):\n                return 'OK'\n        view = View()\n        mapper = self._makeOne(attr='index')\n        result = mapper(view)\n        self.assertFalse(result is view)\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertEqual(result(None, request), 'OK')\n\nclass Test_preserve_view_attrs(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _callFUT(self, view, wrapped_view):\n        from pyramid.config.views import preserve_view_attrs\n        return preserve_view_attrs(view, wrapped_view)\n\n    def test_it_same(self):\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        result = self._callFUT(view, view)\n        self.assertTrue(result is view)\n\n    def test_it_view_is_None(self):\n        def view(context, request):\n            \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        result = self._callFUT(None, view)\n        self.assertTrue(result is view)\n\n    def test_it_different_with_existing_original_view(self):\n        def view1(context, request): pass\n        view1.__original_view__ = 'abc'\n        def view2(context, request): pass\n        result = self._callFUT(view1, view2)\n        self.assertEqual(result.__original_view__, 'abc')\n        self.assertFalse(result is view1)\n\n    def test_it_different(self):\n        class DummyView1:\n            \"\"\" 1 \"\"\"\n            __name__ = '1'\n            __module__ = '1'\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n            def __call_permissive__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n            def __predicated__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n            def __permitted__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        class DummyView2:\n            \"\"\" 2 \"\"\"\n            __name__ = '2'\n            __module__ = '2'\n            def __call__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n            def __call_permissive__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n            def __predicated__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n            def __permitted__(self, context, request):\n                \"\"\" \"\"\"\n        view1 = DummyView1()\n        view2 = DummyView2()\n        result = self._callFUT(view2, view1)\n        self.assertEqual(result, view1)\n        self.assertTrue(view1.__original_view__ is view2)\n        self.assertTrue(view1.__doc__ is view2.__doc__)\n        self.assertTrue(view1.__module__ is view2.__module__)\n        self.assertTrue(view1.__name__ is view2.__name__)\n        self.assertTrue(getattr(view1.__call_permissive__, im_func) is\n                        getattr(view2.__call_permissive__, im_func))\n        self.assertTrue(getattr(view1.__permitted__, im_func) is\n                        getattr(view2.__permitted__, im_func))\n        self.assertTrue(getattr(view1.__predicated__, im_func) is\n                        getattr(view2.__predicated__, im_func))\n\n\nclass TestStaticURLInfo(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _getTargetClass(self):\n        from pyramid.config.views import StaticURLInfo\n        return StaticURLInfo\n\n    def _makeOne(self):\n        return self._getTargetClass()()\n\n    def _makeRequest(self):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = DummyRegistry()\n        return request\n\n    def test_verifyClass(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        from zope.interface.verify import verifyClass\n        verifyClass(IStaticURLInfo, self._getTargetClass())\n\n    def test_verifyObject(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        from zope.interface.verify import verifyObject\n        verifyObject(IStaticURLInfo, self._makeOne())\n\n    def test_generate_missing(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        self.assertRaises(ValueError, inst.generate, 'path', request)\n\n    def test_generate_registration_miss(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [\n            (None, 'spec', 'route_name'),\n            ('http://example.com/foo/', 'package:path/', None)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/abc', request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/foo/abc')\n\n    def test_generate_slash_in_name1(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [('http://example.com/foo/', 'package:path/', None)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/abc', request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/foo/abc')\n\n    def test_generate_slash_in_name2(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [('http://example.com/foo/', 'package:path/', None)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/', request)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/foo/')\n\n    def test_generate_quoting(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        config = testing.setUp()\n        try:\n            config.add_static_view('images', path='mypkg:templates')\n            request = testing.DummyRequest()\n            request.registry = config.registry\n            inst = config.registry.getUtility(IStaticURLInfo)\n            result = inst.generate('mypkg:templates/foo%2Fbar', request)\n            self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/images/foo%252Fbar')\n        finally:\n            testing.tearDown()\n\n    def test_generate_route_url(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [(None, 'package:path/', '__viewname/')]\n        def route_url(n, **kw):\n            self.assertEqual(n, '__viewname/')\n            self.assertEqual(kw, {'subpath':'abc', 'a':1})\n            return 'url'\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        request.route_url = route_url\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/abc', request, a=1)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'url')\n\n    def test_generate_url_unquoted_local(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [(None, 'package:path/', '__viewname/')]\n        def route_url(n, **kw):\n            self.assertEqual(n, '__viewname/')\n            self.assertEqual(kw, {'subpath':'abc def', 'a':1})\n            return 'url'\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        request.route_url = route_url\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/abc def', request, a=1)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'url')\n\n    def test_generate_url_quoted_remote(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [('http://example.com/', 'package:path/', None)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/abc def', request, a=1)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/abc%20def')\n\n    def test_generate_url_with_custom_query(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        registrations = [('http://example.com/', 'package:path/', None)]\n        inst.registrations = registrations\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/abc def', request, a=1,\n                               _query='(openlayers)')\n        self.assertEqual(result,\n                         'http://example.com/abc%20def?(openlayers)')\n\n    def test_generate_url_with_custom_anchor(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [('http://example.com/', 'package:path/', None)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        uc = text_(b'La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        result = inst.generate('package:path/abc def', request, a=1, _anchor=uc)\n        self.assertEqual(result,\n                         'http://example.com/abc%20def#La%20Pe%C3%B1a')\n\n    def test_generate_url_cachebust(self):\n        def cachebust(request, subpath, kw):\n            kw['foo'] = 'bar'\n            return 'foo' + '/' + subpath, kw\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [(None, 'package:path/', '__viewname')]\n        inst.cache_busters = [('package:path/', cachebust, False)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        called = [False]\n        def route_url(n, **kw):\n            called[0] = True\n            self.assertEqual(n, '__viewname')\n            self.assertEqual(kw, {'subpath': 'foo/abc', 'foo': 'bar',\n                                  'pathspec': 'package:path/abc',\n                                  'rawspec': 'package:path/abc'})\n        request.route_url = route_url\n        inst.generate('package:path/abc', request)\n        self.assertTrue(called[0])\n\n    def test_generate_url_cachebust_abspath(self):\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__) + os.sep\n        def cachebust(pathspec, subpath, kw):\n            kw['foo'] = 'bar'\n            return 'foo' + '/' + subpath, kw\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [(None, here, '__viewname')]\n        inst.cache_busters = [(here, cachebust, False)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        called = [False]\n        def route_url(n, **kw):\n            called[0] = True\n            self.assertEqual(n, '__viewname')\n            self.assertEqual(kw, {'subpath': 'foo/abc', 'foo': 'bar',\n                                  'pathspec': here + 'abc',\n                                  'rawspec': here + 'abc'})\n        request.route_url = route_url\n        inst.generate(here + 'abc', request)\n        self.assertTrue(called[0])\n\n    def test_generate_url_cachebust_nomatch(self):\n        def fake_cb(*a, **kw): raise AssertionError\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [(None, 'package:path/', '__viewname')]\n        inst.cache_busters = [('package:path2/', fake_cb, False)]\n        request = self._makeRequest()\n        called = [False]\n        def route_url(n, **kw):\n            called[0] = True\n            self.assertEqual(n, '__viewname')\n            self.assertEqual(kw, {'subpath': 'abc',\n                                  'pathspec': 'package:path/abc',\n                                  'rawspec': 'package:path/abc'})\n        request.route_url = route_url\n        inst.generate('package:path/abc', request)\n        self.assertTrue(called[0])\n\n    def test_generate_url_cachebust_with_overrides(self):\n        config = testing.setUp()\n        try:\n            request = testing.DummyRequest()\n            config.add_static_view('static', 'path')\n            config.override_asset(\n                'pyramid.tests.test_config:path/',\n                'pyramid.tests.test_config:other_path/')\n            def cb(val):\n                def cb_(request, subpath, kw):\n                    kw['_query'] = {'x': val}\n                    return subpath, kw\n                return cb_\n            config.add_cache_buster('path', cb('foo'))\n            result = request.static_url('path/foo.png')\n            self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=foo')\n            config.add_cache_buster('other_path', cb('bar'), explicit=True)\n            result = request.static_url('path/foo.png')\n            self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=bar')\n        finally:\n            testing.tearDown()\n\n    def test_add_already_exists(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.registrations = [('http://example.com/', 'package:path/', None)]\n        inst.add(config, 'http://example.com', 'anotherpackage:path')\n        expected = [('http://example.com/', 'anotherpackage:path/', None)]\n        self.assertEqual(inst.registrations, expected)\n\n    def test_add_package_root(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'http://example.com', 'package:')\n        expected = [('http://example.com/', 'package:', None)]\n        self.assertEqual(inst.registrations, expected)\n\n    def test_add_url_withendslash(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'http://example.com/', 'anotherpackage:path')\n        expected = [('http://example.com/', 'anotherpackage:path/', None)]\n        self.assertEqual(inst.registrations, expected)\n\n    def test_add_url_noendslash(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'http://example.com', 'anotherpackage:path')\n        expected = [('http://example.com/', 'anotherpackage:path/', None)]\n        self.assertEqual(inst.registrations, expected)\n\n    def test_add_url_noscheme(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, '//example.com', 'anotherpackage:path')\n        expected = [('//example.com/', 'anotherpackage:path/', None)]\n        self.assertEqual(inst.registrations, expected)\n\n    def test_add_viewname(self):\n        from pyramid.security import NO_PERMISSION_REQUIRED\n        from pyramid.static import static_view\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'view', 'anotherpackage:path', cache_max_age=1)\n        expected = [(None, 'anotherpackage:path/', '__view/')]\n        self.assertEqual(inst.registrations, expected)\n        self.assertEqual(config.route_args, ('__view/', 'view/*subpath'))\n        self.assertEqual(config.view_kw['permission'], NO_PERMISSION_REQUIRED)\n        self.assertEqual(config.view_kw['view'].__class__, static_view)\n\n    def test_add_viewname_with_route_prefix(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        config.route_prefix = '/abc'\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'view', 'anotherpackage:path',)\n        expected = [(None, 'anotherpackage:path/', '__/abc/view/')]\n        self.assertEqual(inst.registrations, expected)\n        self.assertEqual(config.route_args, ('__/abc/view/', 'view/*subpath'))\n\n    def test_add_viewname_with_permission(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'view', 'anotherpackage:path', cache_max_age=1,\n                 permission='abc')\n        self.assertEqual(config.view_kw['permission'], 'abc')\n\n    def test_add_viewname_with_context(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'view', 'anotherpackage:path', cache_max_age=1,\n                 context=DummyContext)\n        self.assertEqual(config.view_kw['context'], DummyContext)\n\n    def test_add_viewname_with_for_(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'view', 'anotherpackage:path', cache_max_age=1,\n                 for_=DummyContext)\n        self.assertEqual(config.view_kw['context'], DummyContext)\n\n    def test_add_viewname_with_renderer(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add(config, 'view', 'anotherpackage:path', cache_max_age=1,\n                 renderer='mypackage:templates/index.pt')\n        self.assertEqual(config.view_kw['renderer'],\n                         'mypackage:templates/index.pt')\n\n    def test_add_cachebust_prevented(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        config.registry.settings['pyramid.prevent_cachebust'] = True\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        cachebust = DummyCacheBuster('foo')\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path', cachebust)\n        self.assertEqual(inst.cache_busters, [])\n\n    def test_add_cachebuster(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path', DummyCacheBuster('foo'))\n        cachebust = inst.cache_busters[-1][1]\n        subpath, kw = cachebust(None, 'some/path', {})\n        self.assertEqual(subpath, 'some/path')\n        self.assertEqual(kw['x'], 'foo')\n\n    def test_add_cachebuster_abspath(self):\n        here = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        cb = DummyCacheBuster('foo')\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, here, cb)\n        self.assertEqual(inst.cache_busters, [(here + os.sep, cb, False)])\n\n    def test_add_cachebuster_overwrite(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        cb1 = DummyCacheBuster('foo')\n        cb2 = DummyCacheBuster('bar')\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path/', cb1)\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path', cb2)\n        self.assertEqual(inst.cache_busters,\n                         [('mypackage:path/', cb2, False)])\n\n    def test_add_cachebuster_overwrite_explicit(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        cb1 = DummyCacheBuster('foo')\n        cb2 = DummyCacheBuster('bar')\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path/', cb1)\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path', cb2, True)\n        self.assertEqual(inst.cache_busters,\n                         [('mypackage:path/', cb1, False),\n                          ('mypackage:path/', cb2, True)])\n\n    def test_add_cachebuster_for_more_specific_path(self):\n        config = DummyConfig()\n        inst = self._makeOne()\n        cb1 = DummyCacheBuster('foo')\n        cb2 = DummyCacheBuster('bar')\n        cb3 = DummyCacheBuster('baz')\n        cb4 = DummyCacheBuster('xyz')\n        cb5 = DummyCacheBuster('w')\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path', cb1)\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path/sub', cb2, True)\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path/sub/other', cb3)\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path/sub/other', cb4, True)\n        inst.add_cache_buster(config, 'mypackage:path/sub/less', cb5, True)\n        self.assertEqual(\n            inst.cache_busters,\n            [('mypackage:path/', cb1, False),\n             ('mypackage:path/sub/other/', cb3, False),\n             ('mypackage:path/sub/', cb2, True),\n             ('mypackage:path/sub/less/', cb5, True),\n             ('mypackage:path/sub/other/', cb4, True)])\n\nclass Test_view_description(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _callFUT(self, view):\n        from pyramid.config.views import view_description\n        return view_description(view)\n\n    def test_with_text(self):\n        def view(): pass\n        view.__text__ = 'some text'\n        result = self._callFUT(view)\n        self.assertEqual(result, 'some text')\n\n    def test_without_text(self):\n        def view(): pass\n        result = self._callFUT(view)\n        self.assertEqual(result,\n                         'function pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.view')\n\nclass Test_viewdefaults(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, wrapped):\n        from pyramid.decorator import reify\n        return reify(wrapped)\n\n    def test_dunder_attrs_copied(self):\n        from pyramid.config.views import viewdefaults\n        decorator = self._makeOne(viewdefaults)\n        self.assertEqual(decorator.__doc__, viewdefaults.__doc__)\n        self.assertEqual(decorator.__name__, viewdefaults.__name__)\n        self.assertEqual(decorator.__module__, viewdefaults.__module__)\n\n\nclass DummyRegistry:\n    utility = None\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.settings = {}\n\n    def queryUtility(self, type_or_iface, name=None, default=None):\n        return self.utility or default\n\nfrom zope.interface import implementer\nfrom pyramid.interfaces import (\n    IResponse,\n    IRequest,\n    )\n\n@implementer(IResponse)\nclass DummyResponse(object):\n    content_type = None\n    default_content_type = None\n    body = None\n\nclass DummyRequest:\n    subpath = ()\n    matchdict = None\n    request_iface  = IRequest\n    application_url = 'http://example.com/foo'\n\n    def __init__(self, environ=None):\n        if environ is None:\n            environ = {}\n        self.environ = environ\n        self.params = {}\n        self.cookies = {}\n        self.response = DummyResponse()\n\nclass DummyContext:\n    pass\n\nclass DummyAccept(object):\n    def __init__(self, *matches):\n        self.matches = list(matches)\n\n    def acceptable_offers(self, offers):\n        results = []\n        for match in self.matches:\n            if match in offers:\n                results.append((match, 1.0))\n        return results\n\nclass DummyConfig:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.registry = DummyRegistry()\n\n    route_prefix = ''\n    def add_route(self, *args, **kw):\n        self.route_args = args\n        self.route_kw = kw\n\n    def add_view(self, *args, **kw):\n        self.view_args = args\n        self.view_kw = kw\n\n    def action(self, discriminator, callable, introspectables=()):\n        callable()\n\n    def introspectable(self, *arg):\n        return {}\n\nfrom zope.interface import implementer\nfrom pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView\n@implementer(IMultiView)\nclass DummyMultiView:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.views = []\n        self.name = 'name'\n    def add(self, view, order, phash=None, accept=None, accept_order=None):\n        self.views.append((view, phash, accept, accept_order))\n    def __call__(self, context, request):\n        return 'OK1'\n    def __permitted__(self, context, request):\n        \"\"\" \"\"\"\n\nclass DummyCacheBuster(object):\n    def __init__(self, token):\n        self.token = token\n\n    def __call__(self, request, subpath, kw):\n        kw['x'] = self.token\n        return subpath, kw\n\ndef parse_httpdate(s):\n    import datetime\n    # cannot use %Z, must use literal GMT; Jython honors timezone\n    # but CPython does not\n    return datetime.datetime.strptime(s, \"%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT\")\n\ndef assert_similar_datetime(one, two):\n    for attr in ('year', 'month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute'):\n        one_attr = getattr(one, attr)\n        two_attr = getattr(two, attr)\n        if not one_attr == two_attr: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError('%r != %r in %s' % (one_attr, two_attr, attr))\n\nclass DummyStaticURLInfo:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.added = []\n\n    def add(self, config, name, spec, **kw):\n        self.added.append((config, name, spec, kw))\n\nclass DummyViewDefaultsClass(object):\n    __view_defaults__ = {\n        'containment':'pyramid.tests.test_config.IDummy'\n        }\n    def __init__(self, request):\n        pass\n    def __call__(self):\n        return 'OK'\n\nclass DummyPredicate(object):\n    def __init__(self, val, config):\n        self.val = val\n\n    def text(self):\n        return 'dummy'\n\n    phash = text\n\nclass DummyIntrospector(object):\n    def __init__(self, getval=None):\n        self.related = []\n        self.introspectables = []\n        self.getval = getval\n    def add(self, introspectable):\n        self.introspectables.append(introspectable)\n    def get(self, name, discrim):\n        return self.getval\n    def relate(self, a, b):\n        self.related.append((a, b))\n\nclass DummySession(dict):\n    def get_csrf_token(self):\n        return self['csrf_token']\n",
        "import unittest\n\nfrom pyramid.tests.test_config import dummyfactory\nfrom pyramid.tests.test_config import DummyContext\nfrom pyramid.compat import text_\n\nclass RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests(unittest.TestCase):\n    def _makeOne(self, *arg, **kw):\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        config = Configurator(*arg, **kw)\n        return config\n\n    def _assertRoute(self, config, name, path, num_predicates=0):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        mapper = config.registry.getUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        routes = mapper.get_routes()\n        route = routes[0]\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)\n        self.assertEqual(route.name, name)\n        self.assertEqual(route.path, path)\n        self.assertEqual(len(routes[0].predicates), num_predicates)\n        return route\n\n    def _makeRequest(self, config):\n        request = DummyRequest()\n        request.registry = config.registry\n        return request\n\n    def test_get_routes_mapper_not_yet_registered(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        mapper = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(mapper.routelist, [])\n\n    def test_get_routes_mapper_already_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        mapper = object()\n        config.registry.registerUtility(mapper, IRoutesMapper)\n        result = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(result, mapper)\n\n    def test_add_route_defaults(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_route_prefix(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.route_prefix = 'root'\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'root/path')\n\n    def test_add_route_discriminator(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_route('name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(config.action_state.actions[-1]['discriminator'],\n                         ('route', 'name'))\n\n    def test_add_route_with_factory(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        factory = object()\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', factory=factory)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(route.factory, factory)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_static(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path/{foo}', static=True)\n        mapper = config.get_routes_mapper()\n        self.assertEqual(len(mapper.get_routes()), 0)\n        self.assertEqual(mapper.generate('name', {\"foo\":\"a\"}), '/path/a')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_factory_dottedname(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route(\n            'name', 'path',\n            factory='pyramid.tests.test_config.dummyfactory')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n        self.assertEqual(route.factory, dummyfactory)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_xhr(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', xhr=True)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = True\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.is_xhr = False\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_request_method(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', request_method='GET')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'GET'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.method = 'POST'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', path_info='/foo')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = '/foo'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = '/'\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info_highorder(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path',\n                         path_info=text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8'))\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_path_info_regex(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path',\n                         path_info=text_(br'/La Pe\\w*', 'utf-8'))\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_(b'/La Pe\\xc3\\xb1a', 'utf-8')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.upath_info = text_('/')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_request_param(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', request_param='abc')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {'abc':'123'}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.params = {}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_custom_predicates(self):\n        import warnings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        def pred1(context, request): pass\n        def pred2(context, request): pass\n        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:\n            warnings.filterwarnings('always')\n            config.add_route('name', 'path', custom_predicates=(pred1, pred2))\n            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 2)\n        self.assertEqual(len(route.predicates), 2)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_header(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', header='Host')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {'Host':'example.com'}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.headers = {}\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_accept(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', accept='text/xml')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/xml')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_with_accept_list(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', accept=['text/xml', 'text/plain'])\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/xml')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/plain')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), False)\n\n    def test_add_route_no_pattern_with_path(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', path='path')\n        self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path')\n\n    def test_add_route_no_path_no_pattern(self):\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        self.assertRaises(ConfigurationError, config.add_route, 'name')\n\n    def test_add_route_with_pregenerator(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'pattern', pregenerator='123')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'pattern')\n        self.assertEqual(route.pregenerator, '123')\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_attr(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_attr='abc')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_context(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_context=DummyContext)\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_permission(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_permission='edit')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\n    def test_add_route_no_view_with_view_renderer(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\n        try:\n            config.add_route('name', '/pattern', view_renderer='json')\n        except ConfigurationError:\n            pass\n        else: # pragma: no cover\n            raise AssertionError\n\nclass DummyRequest:\n    subpath = ()\n    matchdict = None\n    def __init__(self, environ=None):\n        if environ is None:\n            environ = {}\n        self.environ = environ\n        self.params = {}\n        self.cookies = {}\n\nclass DummyAccept(object):\n    def __init__(self, *matches):\n        self.matches = list(matches)\n\n    def acceptable_offers(self, offers):\n        results = []\n        for match in self.matches:\n            if match in offers:\n                results.append((match, 1.0))\n        return results\n"
    ],
    "test_file_names": [
        "test_1.py",
        "test_2.py"
    ],
    "setup_res_code": 0,
    "setup_res_stdout": "",
    "setup_res_stderr": "Using CPython 3.8.20\nCreating virtual environment at: .venv\nActivate with: source .venv/bin/activate\nResolved 11 packages in 780ms\nPrepared 1 package in 966ms\nInstalled 11 packages in 20ms\n + hupper==1.12.1\n + pastedeploy==3.1.0\n + plaster==1.1.2\n + plaster-pastedeploy==1.0.1\n + pyramid==1.10.dev0 (from file:///home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464)\n + setuptools==75.3.0\n + translationstring==1.4\n + venusian==3.1.1\n + webob==1.8.9\n + zope-deprecation==5.0\n + zope-interface==7.2\nResolved 24 packages in 21ms\nInstalled 13 packages in 10ms\n + beautifulsoup4==4.12.3\n + coverage==7.6.1\n + distlib==0.3.9\n + filelock==3.16.1\n + nose==1.3.7\n + platformdirs==4.3.6\n + soupsieve==2.6\n + virtualenv==20.29.0\n + waitress==3.0.0\n + webtest==3.0.1\n + zope-component==6.0\n + zope-event==5.0\n + zope-hookable==7.0\nResolved 16 packages in 6ms\nInstalled 12 packages in 29ms\n + cachetools==5.5.0\n + chardet==5.2.0\n + colorama==0.4.6\n + exceptiongroup==1.2.2\n + iniconfig==2.0.0\n + packaging==24.2\n + pluggy==1.5.0\n + pyproject-api==1.8.0\n + pytest==8.3.4\n + tomli==2.2.1\n + tox==4.23.2\n + typing-extensions==4.12.2\n",
    "new_commit_res_code": 1,
    "new_commit_res_stdout": "============================= test session starts ==============================\nplatform linux -- Python 3.8.20, pytest-8.3.4, pluggy-1.5.0\nrootdir: /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464\ncollected 1082 items\n\nr2e_tests/test_1.py ................................FF.................. [  4%]\n........................................................................ [ 11%]\n.......FF.......................................F....................... [ 18%]\n.......................................F.......F.                        [ 22%]\nr2e_tests/test_2.py .........................                            [ 24%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_adapters.py .FF..............F...             [ 26%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py ....F.F...F...FF.FF................ [ 30%]\n.....................................F.F................................ [ 36%]\n                                                                         [ 36%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_factories.py .......................          [ 38%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py FFFF..FF.FFF..                        [ 40%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py ..................................... [ 43%]\n.......F..F.......F..............F...........F.....................FF... [ 50%]\nFFF..............................                                        [ 53%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_rendering.py ...                              [ 53%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_routes.py .........................           [ 55%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_security.py ............                      [ 57%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_settings.py ........................          [ 59%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_testing.py ............                       [ 60%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_tweens.py .................................   [ 63%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_util.py ........................              [ 65%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py .................................F.. [ 68%]\n........................................................................ [ 75%]\n.......................FF.......................................F....... [ 82%]\n.......................................................F.......F.        [ 88%]\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_common.py ..                                 [ 88%]\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py .....................             [ 90%]\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pdistreport.py ..                            [ 90%]\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py ...................              [ 92%]\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py ...........FFFF.F.FF....F..FF.    [ 95%]\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pserve.py .F......                           [ 95%]\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py .................                  [ 97%]\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_ptweens.py .....                             [ 97%]\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py ................F......            [100%]\n\n=================================== FAILURES ===================================\n_ TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered __\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_1.TestViewsConfigurationMixin testMethod=test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered>\n\n    def test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_type = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, '__static/')\n        self._assertRoute(config, '__static/', 'static/*subpath')\n        wrapped = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, request_type, Interface), IView, name='')\n        from pyramid.request import Request\n        request = Request.blank('/static/minimal.txt')\n        request.subpath = ('minimal.txt', )\n>       result = wrapped(None, request)\n\nr2e_tests/test_1.py:2045: \n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \n\nself = <pyramid.static.static_view object at 0x762210094160>, context = None\nrequest = <Request at 0x7622100698b0 GET http://localhost/static/minimal.txt>\n\n    def __call__(self, context, request):\n        if self.use_subpath:\n            path_tuple = request.subpath\n        else:\n            path_tuple = traversal_path_info(request.environ['PATH_INFO'])\n        path = _secure_path(path_tuple)\n    \n        if path is None:\n            raise HTTPNotFound('Out of bounds: %s' % request.url)\n    \n        if self.package_name: # package resource\n            resource_path = '%s/%s' % (self.docroot.rstrip('/'), path)\n            if resource_isdir(self.package_name, resource_path):\n                if not request.path_url.endswith('/'):\n                    self.add_slash_redirect(request)\n                resource_path = '%s/%s' % (\n                    resource_path.rstrip('/'), self.index\n                )\n    \n            if not resource_exists(self.package_name, resource_path):\n>               raise HTTPNotFound(request.url)\nE               pyramid.httpexceptions.HTTPNotFound: http://localhost/static/minimal.txt\n\npyramid/static.py:126: HTTPNotFound\n____ TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_static_view_package_here_relative ____\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_1.TestViewsConfigurationMixin testMethod=test_add_static_view_package_here_relative>\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n>       self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: [(<py[39 chars]62210004ee0>, 'static', 'r2e_tests:files', {})] != [(<py[39 chars]62210004ee0>, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})]\nE       \nE       First differing element 0:\nE       (<pyr[37 chars]762210004ee0>, 'static', 'r2e_tests:files', {})\nE       (<pyr[37 chars]762210004ee0>, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})\nE       \nE         [(<pyramid.config.Configurator object at 0x762210004ee0>,\nE           'static',\nE       -   'r2e_tests:files',\nE       +   'pyramid.tests.test_config:files',\nE           {})]\n\nr2e_tests/test_1.py:2066: AssertionError\n_______ TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_template_renderer _______\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_1.TestViewsConfigurationMixin testMethod=test_add_view_with_template_renderer>\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n    \n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n>       self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\nE       AssertionError: <module 'r2e_tests' from '/home/gcpuser/buckets/lo[93 chars].py'> != <module 'pyramid.tests.test_config' from '/home/gc[125 chars].py'>\n\nr2e_tests/test_1.py:1187: AssertionError\n_ TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable _\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_1.TestViewsConfigurationMixin testMethod=test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable>\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n>       self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\nE       AssertionError: <module 'r2e_tests' from '/home/gcpuser/buckets/lo[93 chars].py'> != <module 'pyramid.tests.test_config' from '/home/gc[125 chars].py'>\n\nr2e_tests/test_1.py:1228: AssertionError\n____________________________ TestMultiView.test_add ____________________________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_1.TestMultiView testMethod=test_add>\n\n    def test_add(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add('view', 100)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view2', 99)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view3', 100, accept='text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'], [(100, 'view3', None)])\n        mv.add('view4', 99, 'abc', accept='text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, 'view4', 'abc'), (100, 'view3', None)])\n        mv.add('view5', 100, accept='text/xml')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/xml'], [(100, 'view5', None)])\n        self.assertEqual(set(mv.accepts), set(['text/xml', 'text/html']))\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])\n>       mv.add('view6', 98, accept='text/*')\n\nr2e_tests/test_1.py:2511: \n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \npyramid/config/views.py:145: in add\n    self.accepts = sort_accept_offers(accepts, accept_order)\npyramid/util.py:730: in sort_accept_offers\n    return sorted(offers, key=offer_sort_key)\npyramid/util.py:708: in offer_sort_key\n    parsed = Accept.parse_offer(value)\n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \n\ncls = <class 'webob.acceptparse.Accept'>, offer = 'text/*'\n\n    @classmethod\n    def parse_offer(cls, offer):\n        \"\"\"\n        Parse an offer into its component parts.\n    \n        :param offer: A media type or range in the format\n                      ``type/subtype[;params]``.\n        :return: A named tuple containing ``(*type*, *subtype*, *params*)``.\n    \n                 | *params* is a list containing ``(*parameter name*, *value*)``\n                   values.\n    \n        :raises ValueError: If the offer does not match the required format.\n    \n        \"\"\"\n        if isinstance(offer, AcceptOffer):\n            return offer\n        match = cls.media_type_compiled_re.match(offer)\n        if not match:\n            raise ValueError('Invalid value for an Accept offer.')\n    \n        groups = match.groups()\n        offer_type, offer_subtype = groups[0].split('/')\n        offer_params = cls._parse_media_type_params(\n            media_type_params_segment=groups[1],\n        )\n        if offer_type == '*' or offer_subtype == '*':\n>           raise ValueError('Invalid value for an Accept offer.')\nE           ValueError: Invalid value for an Accept offer.\n\n.venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/webob/acceptparse.py:460: ValueError\n_________ TestStaticURLInfo.test_generate_url_cachebust_with_overrides _________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_1.TestStaticURLInfo testMethod=test_generate_url_cachebust_with_overrides>\n\n    def test_generate_url_cachebust_with_overrides(self):\n        config = testing.setUp()\n        try:\n            request = testing.DummyRequest()\n            config.add_static_view('static', 'path')\n            config.override_asset(\n                'pyramid.tests.test_config:path/',\n                'pyramid.tests.test_config:other_path/')\n            def cb(val):\n                def cb_(request, subpath, kw):\n                    kw['_query'] = {'x': val}\n                    return subpath, kw\n                return cb_\n            config.add_cache_buster('path', cb('foo'))\n            result = request.static_url('path/foo.png')\n            self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=foo')\n            config.add_cache_buster('other_path', cb('bar'), explicit=True)\n            result = request.static_url('path/foo.png')\n>           self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=bar')\nE           AssertionError: 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=foo' != 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=bar'\nE           - http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=foo\nE           ?                                     ^^^\nE           + http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=bar\nE           ?                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_1.py:3212: AssertionError\n___________________ Test_view_description.test_without_text ____________________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_1.Test_view_description testMethod=test_without_text>\n\n    def test_without_text(self):\n        def view(): pass\n        result = self._callFUT(view)\n>       self.assertEqual(result,\n                         'function pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.view')\nE       AssertionError: 'function r2e_tests.test_1.view' != 'function pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.view'\nE       - function r2e_tests.test_1.view\nE       + function pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.view\n\nr2e_tests/test_1.py:3383: AssertionError\n__ AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_resource_url_adapter_dotted_names ___\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests testMethod=test_add_resource_url_adapter_dotted_names>\n\n    def test_add_resource_url_adapter_dotted_names(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IResourceURL\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_resource_url_adapter(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyResourceURL',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface',\n            )\n        iface = DummyIface()\n>       adapter = config.registry.getMultiAdapter((iface, iface),\n                                                    IResourceURL)\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_adapters.py:280: \n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \n\nself = <Registry r2e_tests.test_config>\nobjects = (<r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface object at 0x762210741370>, <r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface object at 0x762210741370>)\ninterface = <InterfaceClass pyramid.interfaces.IResourceURL>, name = ''\n\n    def getMultiAdapter(self, objects, interface, name=''):\n        adapter = self.adapters.queryMultiAdapter(objects, interface, name)\n        if adapter is None:\n>           raise ComponentLookupError(objects, interface, name)\nE           zope.interface.interfaces.ComponentLookupError: ((<r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface object at 0x762210741370>, <r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface object at 0x762210741370>), <InterfaceClass pyramid.interfaces.IResourceURL>, '')\n\n.venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/zope/interface/registry.py:379: ComponentLookupError\n_ AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_resource_url_adapter_introspectables _\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests testMethod=test_add_resource_url_adapter_introspectables>\n\n    def test_add_resource_url_adapter_introspectables(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_resource_url_adapter(DummyResourceURL, DummyIface)\n        actions = config.action_state.actions\n        self.assertEqual(len(actions), 1)\n        intrs  = actions[0]['introspectables']\n        self.assertEqual(len(intrs), 1)\n        intr = intrs[0]\n        self.assertEqual(intr.type_name, 'resource url adapter')\n        self.assertEqual(intr.discriminator,\n                         ('resource url adapter', DummyIface))\n        self.assertEqual(intr.category_name, 'resource url adapters')\n>       self.assertEqual(\n            intr.title,\n            \"resource url adapter for resource iface \"\n            \"<class 'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface'>\"\n            )\nE       AssertionError: \"reso[34 chars]e <class 'r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface'>\" != \"reso[34 chars]e <class 'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface'>\"\nE       - resource url adapter for resource iface <class 'r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface'>\nE       ?                                                  ^^^\nE       + resource url adapter for resource iface <class 'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface'>\nE       ?                                                 ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_adapters.py:326: AssertionError\n________ AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_traverser_dotted_names ________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests testMethod=test_add_traverser_dotted_names>\n\n    def test_add_traverser_dotted_names(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ITraverser\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_traverser(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyTraverser',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface')\n        iface = DummyIface()\n>       traverser = config.registry.getAdapter(iface, ITraverser)\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_adapters.py:237: \n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \n\nself = <Registry r2e_tests.test_config>\nobject = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface object at 0x762210696310>\ninterface = <InterfaceClass pyramid.interfaces.ITraverser>, name = ''\n\n    def getAdapter(self, object, interface, name=''):\n        adapter = self.adapters.queryAdapter(object, interface, name)\n        if adapter is None:\n>           raise ComponentLookupError(object, interface, name)\nE           zope.interface.interfaces.ComponentLookupError: (<r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface object at 0x762210696310>, <InterfaceClass pyramid.interfaces.ITraverser>, '')\n\n.venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/zope/interface/registry.py:368: ComponentLookupError\n___ TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_directory_with_directory ___\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_assets.TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_override_asset_directory_with_directory>\n\n    def test_override_asset_directory_with_directory(self):\n        from pyramid.config.assets import PackageAssetSource\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        override = DummyUnderOverride()\n        config.override_asset(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset:templates/',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset.subpackage:templates/',\n            _override=override)\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs import asset\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset import subpackage\n        self.assertEqual(override.package, asset)\n        self.assertEqual(override.path, 'templates/')\n        source = override.source\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(source, PackageAssetSource))\n        self.assertEqual(source.package, subpackage)\n        self.assertEqual(source.prefix, 'templates/')\n    \n        resource_name = 'bar.pt'\n        expected = os.path.join(here, 'pkgs', 'asset',\n                                'subpackage', 'templates', 'bar.pt')\n>       self.assertEqual(override.source.get_filename(resource_name),\n                         expected)\nE       AssertionError: '/hom[90 chars]a464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subp[19 chars]r.pt' != '/hom[90 chars]a464/r2e_tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpacka[15 chars]r.pt'\nE       - /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpackage/templates/bar.pt\nE       ?                                                                                                    -- ^^^^^\nE       + /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpackage/templates/bar.pt\nE       ?                                                                                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py:106: AssertionError\n____ TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_directory_with_package ____\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_assets.TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_override_asset_directory_with_package>\n\n    def test_override_asset_directory_with_package(self):\n        from pyramid.config.assets import PackageAssetSource\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        override = DummyUnderOverride()\n        config.override_asset(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset:templates/',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset.subpackage',\n            _override=override)\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs import asset\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset import subpackage\n        self.assertEqual(override.package, asset)\n        self.assertEqual(override.path, 'templates/')\n        source = override.source\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(source, PackageAssetSource))\n        self.assertEqual(source.package, subpackage)\n        self.assertEqual(source.prefix, '')\n    \n        resource_name = 'templates/bar.pt'\n        expected = os.path.join(here, 'pkgs', 'asset',\n                                'subpackage', 'templates', 'bar.pt')\n>       self.assertEqual(override.source.get_filename(resource_name),\n                         expected)\nE       AssertionError: '/hom[90 chars]a464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subp[19 chars]r.pt' != '/hom[90 chars]a464/r2e_tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpacka[15 chars]r.pt'\nE       - /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpackage/templates/bar.pt\nE       ?                                                                                                    -- ^^^^^\nE       + /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpackage/templates/bar.pt\nE       ?                                                                                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py:129: AssertionError\n________ TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_file_with_file ________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_assets.TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_override_asset_file_with_file>\n\n    def test_override_asset_file_with_file(self):\n        from pyramid.config.assets import PackageAssetSource\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        override = DummyUnderOverride()\n        config.override_asset(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset:templates/foo.pt',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset.subpackage:templates/bar.pt',\n            _override=override)\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs import asset\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset import subpackage\n        self.assertEqual(override.package, asset)\n        self.assertEqual(override.path, 'templates/foo.pt')\n        source = override.source\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(source, PackageAssetSource))\n        self.assertEqual(source.package, subpackage)\n        self.assertEqual(source.prefix, 'templates/bar.pt')\n    \n        resource_name = ''\n        expected = os.path.join(here, 'pkgs', 'asset',\n                                'subpackage', 'templates', 'bar.pt')\n>       self.assertEqual(override.source.get_filename(resource_name),\n                         expected)\nE       AssertionError: '/hom[90 chars]a464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subp[19 chars]r.pt' != '/hom[90 chars]a464/r2e_tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpacka[15 chars]r.pt'\nE       - /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpackage/templates/bar.pt\nE       ?                                                                                                    -- ^^^^^\nE       + /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpackage/templates/bar.pt\nE       ?                                                                                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py:60: AssertionError\n____ TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_package_with_directory ____\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_assets.TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_override_asset_package_with_directory>\n\n    def test_override_asset_package_with_directory(self):\n        from pyramid.config.assets import PackageAssetSource\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        override = DummyUnderOverride()\n        config.override_asset(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset.subpackage:templates/',\n            _override=override)\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs import asset\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset import subpackage\n        self.assertEqual(override.package, asset)\n        self.assertEqual(override.path, '')\n        source = override.source\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(source, PackageAssetSource))\n        self.assertEqual(source.package, subpackage)\n        self.assertEqual(source.prefix, 'templates/')\n    \n        resource_name = 'bar.pt'\n        expected = os.path.join(here, 'pkgs', 'asset',\n                                'subpackage', 'templates', 'bar.pt')\n>       self.assertEqual(override.source.get_filename(resource_name),\n                         expected)\nE       AssertionError: '/hom[90 chars]a464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subp[19 chars]r.pt' != '/hom[90 chars]a464/r2e_tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpacka[15 chars]r.pt'\nE       - /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpackage/templates/bar.pt\nE       ?                                                                                                    -- ^^^^^\nE       + /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpackage/templates/bar.pt\nE       ?                                                                                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py:152: AssertionError\n_____ TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_package_with_package _____\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_assets.TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_override_asset_package_with_package>\n\n    def test_override_asset_package_with_package(self):\n        from pyramid.config.assets import PackageAssetSource\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        override = DummyUnderOverride()\n        config.override_asset(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset.subpackage',\n            _override=override)\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs import asset\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset import subpackage\n        self.assertEqual(override.package, asset)\n        self.assertEqual(override.path, '')\n        source = override.source\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(source, PackageAssetSource))\n        self.assertEqual(source.package, subpackage)\n        self.assertEqual(source.prefix, '')\n    \n        resource_name = 'templates/bar.pt'\n        expected = os.path.join(here, 'pkgs', 'asset',\n                                'subpackage', 'templates', 'bar.pt')\n>       self.assertEqual(override.source.get_filename(resource_name),\n                         expected)\nE       AssertionError: '/hom[90 chars]a464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subp[19 chars]r.pt' != '/hom[90 chars]a464/r2e_tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpacka[15 chars]r.pt'\nE       - /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpackage/templates/bar.pt\nE       ?                                                                                                    -- ^^^^^\nE       + /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpackage/templates/bar.pt\nE       ?                                                                                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py:83: AssertionError\n_________ TestOverrideProvider.test_get_resource_filename_no_overrides _________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_assets.TestOverrideProvider testMethod=test_get_resource_filename_no_overrides>\n\n    def test_get_resource_filename_no_overrides(self):\n        resource_name = 'test_assets.py'\n        import pyramid.tests.test_config\n        provider = self._makeOne(pyramid.tests.test_config)\n        expected = os.path.join(here, resource_name)\n        result = provider.get_resource_filename(None, resource_name)\n>       self.assertEqual(result, expected)\nE       AssertionError: '/hom[73 chars]54b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/test_assets.py' != '/hom[73 chars]54b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py'\nE       - /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/test_assets.py\nE       ?                                                                                                    -- ^^^^^\nE       + /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py\nE       ?                                                                                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py:297: AssertionError\n____ TestOverrideProvider.test_get_resource_filename_override_returns_None _____\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_assets.TestOverrideProvider testMethod=test_get_resource_filename_override_returns_None>\n\n    def test_get_resource_filename_override_returns_None(self):\n        overrides = DummyOverrides(None)\n        self._registerOverrides(overrides)\n        resource_name = 'test_assets.py'\n        import pyramid.tests.test_config\n        provider = self._makeOne(pyramid.tests.test_config)\n        expected = os.path.join(here, resource_name)\n        result = provider.get_resource_filename(None, resource_name)\n>       self.assertEqual(result, expected)\nE       AssertionError: '/hom[73 chars]54b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/test_assets.py' != '/hom[73 chars]54b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py'\nE       - /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/test_assets.py\nE       ?                                                                                                    -- ^^^^^\nE       + /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py\nE       ?                                                                                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py:345: AssertionError\n___________________ TestPackageAssetSource.test_get_filename ___________________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_assets.TestPackageAssetSource testMethod=test_get_filename>\n\n    def test_get_filename(self):\n        source = self._makeOne('')\n>       self.assertEqual(source.get_filename('test_assets.py'),\n                         os.path.join(here, 'test_assets.py'))\nE       AssertionError: '/hom[73 chars]54b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/test_assets.py' != '/hom[73 chars]54b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py'\nE       - /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/test_assets.py\nE       ?                                                                                                    -- ^^^^^\nE       + /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py\nE       ?                                                                                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py:716: AssertionError\n_____________ TestPackageAssetSource.test_get_filename_with_prefix _____________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_assets.TestPackageAssetSource testMethod=test_get_filename_with_prefix>\n\n    def test_get_filename_with_prefix(self):\n        source = self._makeOne('test_assets.py')\n>       self.assertEqual(source.get_filename(''),\n                         os.path.join(here, 'test_assets.py'))\nE       AssertionError: '/hom[73 chars]54b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/test_assets.py' != '/hom[73 chars]54b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py'\nE       - /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/test_assets.py\nE       ?                                                                                                    -- ^^^^^\nE       + /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py\nE       ?                                                                                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py:721: AssertionError\n_________ TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_abspath __________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_i18n.TestI18NConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_add_translation_dirs_abspath>\n\n    def test_add_translation_dirs_abspath(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ITranslationDirectories\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n>       config.add_translation_dirs(locale)\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py:102: \n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \npyramid/config/util.py:64: in wrapper\n    result = wrapped(self, *arg, **kw)\npyramid/config/i18n.py:119: in add_translation_dirs\n    self.action(None, register, introspectables=introspectables)\npyramid/config/__init__.py:630: in action\n    callable(*args, **kw)\n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \n\n    def register():\n        directories = []\n        resolver = AssetResolver(self.package_name)\n    \n        # defer spec resolution until register to allow for asset\n        # overrides to take place in an earlier config phase\n        for spec in specs:\n            # the trailing slash helps match asset overrides for folders\n            if not spec.endswith('/'):\n                spec += '/'\n            asset = resolver.resolve(spec)\n            directory = asset.abspath()\n            if not asset.isdir():\n>               raise ConfigurationError('\"%s\" is not a directory' %\n                                        directory)\nE               pyramid.exceptions.ConfigurationError: \"/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale\" is not a directory\n\npyramid/config/i18n.py:100: ConfigurationError\n________ TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_asset_spec ________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_i18n.TestI18NConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_add_translation_dirs_asset_spec>\n\n    def test_add_translation_dirs_asset_spec(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ITranslationDirectories\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_translation_dirs('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale')\n>       self.assertEqual(config.registry.getUtility(ITranslationDirectories),\n                         [locale])\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['/ho[70 chars]cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'] != ['/ho[70 chars]cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale']\nE       \nE       First differing element 0:\nE       '/hom[68 chars]2cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'\nE       '/hom[68 chars]2cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'\nE       \nE       - ['/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale']\nE       ?                                                                                                      -- ^^^^^\nE       \nE       + ['/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale']\nE       ?                                                                                                       ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py:53: AssertionError\n_ TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_asset_spec_existing_translation_dirs _\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_i18n.TestI18NConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_add_translation_dirs_asset_spec_existing_translation_dirs>\n\n    def test_add_translation_dirs_asset_spec_existing_translation_dirs(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ITranslationDirectories\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        directories = ['abc']\n        config.registry.registerUtility(directories, ITranslationDirectories)\n        config.add_translation_dirs('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale')\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(ITranslationDirectories)\n>       self.assertEqual(result, [locale, 'abc'])\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['/ho[77 chars]404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale', 'abc'] != ['/ho[77 chars]404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale', 'abc']\nE       \nE       First differing element 0:\nE       '/hom[68 chars]2cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'\nE       '/hom[68 chars]2cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'\nE       \nE       - ['/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale',\nE       ?                                                                                                      -- ^^^^^\nE       \nE       + ['/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale',\nE       ?                                                                                                       ^^^\nE       \nE          'abc']\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py:63: AssertionError\n_ TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_doesnt_use_override_w_autocommit _\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_i18n.TestI18NConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_add_translation_dirs_doesnt_use_override_w_autocommit>\n\n    def test_add_translation_dirs_doesnt_use_override_w_autocommit(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ITranslationDirectories\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_translation_dirs('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale')\n        config.override_asset('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale/',\n                              'pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale2/')\n>       self.assertEqual(config.registry.getUtility(ITranslationDirectories),\n                         [locale])\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['/ho[70 chars]cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'] != ['/ho[70 chars]cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale']\nE       \nE       First differing element 0:\nE       '/hom[68 chars]2cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'\nE       '/hom[68 chars]2cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'\nE       \nE       - ['/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale']\nE       ?                                                                                                      -- ^^^^^\nE       \nE       + ['/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale']\nE       ?                                                                                                       ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py:122: AssertionError\n______ TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_multiple_specs ______\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_i18n.TestI18NConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_add_translation_dirs_multiple_specs>\n\n    def test_add_translation_dirs_multiple_specs(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ITranslationDirectories\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_translation_dirs('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale',\n                                    'pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale2')\n>       self.assertEqual(config.registry.getUtility(ITranslationDirectories),\n                         [locale, locale2])\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['/ho[91 chars]a464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale', '/h[130 chars]le2'] != ['/ho[91 chars]a464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale', '/home/[122 chars]le2']\nE       \nE       First differing element 0:\nE       '/hom[68 chars]2cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'\nE       '/hom[68 chars]2cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'\nE       \nE       Diff is 1002 characters long. Set self.maxDiff to None to see it.\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py:70: AssertionError\n_ TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_multiple_specs_multiple_calls _\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_i18n.TestI18NConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_add_translation_dirs_multiple_specs_multiple_calls>\n\n    def test_add_translation_dirs_multiple_specs_multiple_calls(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ITranslationDirectories\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_translation_dirs('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale',\n                                    'pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale2')\n        config.add_translation_dirs('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale3')\n>       self.assertEqual(config.registry.getUtility(ITranslationDirectories),\n                         [locale3, locale, locale2])\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['/ho[91 chars]a464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale3', '/[269 chars]le2'] != ['/ho[91 chars]a464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale3', '/home[257 chars]le2']\nE       \nE       First differing element 0:\nE       '/hom[69 chars]cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale3'\nE       '/hom[69 chars]cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale3'\nE       \nE       Diff is 1504 characters long. Set self.maxDiff to None to see it.\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py:79: AssertionError\n_ TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_override_multiple_specs_multiple_calls _\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_i18n.TestI18NConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_add_translation_dirs_override_multiple_specs_multiple_calls>\n\n    def test_add_translation_dirs_override_multiple_specs_multiple_calls(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ITranslationDirectories\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_translation_dirs('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale',\n                                    'pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale2')\n        config.add_translation_dirs('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale3',\n                                    override=True)\n>       self.assertEqual(config.registry.getUtility(ITranslationDirectories),\n                         [locale, locale2, locale3])\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['/ho[91 chars]a464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale', '/h[269 chars]le3'] != ['/ho[91 chars]a464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale', '/home/[257 chars]le3']\nE       \nE       First differing element 0:\nE       '/hom[68 chars]2cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'\nE       '/hom[68 chars]2cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'\nE       \nE       Diff is 1504 characters long. Set self.maxDiff to None to see it.\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py:89: AssertionError\n_ TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_uses_override_out_of_order _\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_i18n.TestI18NConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_add_translation_dirs_uses_override_out_of_order>\n\n    def test_add_translation_dirs_uses_override_out_of_order(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ITranslationDirectories\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_translation_dirs('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale')\n        config.override_asset('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale/',\n                              'pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale2/')\n        config.commit()\n>       self.assertEqual(config.registry.getUtility(ITranslationDirectories),\n                         [locale2])\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['/ho[71 chars]ee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2'] != ['/ho[71 chars]ee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2']\nE       \nE       First differing element 0:\nE       '/hom[69 chars]cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2'\nE       '/hom[69 chars]cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2'\nE       \nE       - ['/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2']\nE       ?                                                                                                      -- ^^^^^\nE       \nE       + ['/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2']\nE       ?                                                                                                       ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py:113: AssertionError\n_ TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_uses_override_w_autocommit _\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_i18n.TestI18NConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_add_translation_dirs_uses_override_w_autocommit>\n\n    def test_add_translation_dirs_uses_override_w_autocommit(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ITranslationDirectories\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.override_asset('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale/',\n                              'pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale2/')\n        config.add_translation_dirs('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale')\n>       self.assertEqual(config.registry.getUtility(ITranslationDirectories),\n                         [locale2])\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['/ho[71 chars]ee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2'] != ['/ho[71 chars]ee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2']\nE       \nE       First differing element 0:\nE       '/hom[69 chars]cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2'\nE       '/hom[69 chars]cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2'\nE       \nE       - ['/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2']\nE       ?                                                                                                      -- ^^^^^\nE       \nE       + ['/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2']\nE       ?                                                                                                       ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py:131: AssertionError\n___________________ ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_no_registry ____________________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.ConfiguratorTests testMethod=test_ctor_no_registry>\n\n    def test_ctor_no_registry(self):\n        import sys\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRendererFactory\n        config = Configurator()\n        this_pkg = sys.modules['pyramid.tests.test_config']\n        self.assertTrue(config.registry.getUtility(ISettings))\n>       self.assertEqual(config.package, this_pkg)\nE       AssertionError: <module 'r2e_tests.test_config' from '/home/gcpuse[117 chars].py'> != <module 'pyramid.tests.test_config' from '/home/gc[125 chars].py'>\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:68: AssertionError\n_________ ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_noreg_debug_logger_None_default __________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.ConfiguratorTests testMethod=test_ctor_noreg_debug_logger_None_default>\n\n    def test_ctor_noreg_debug_logger_None_default(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IDebugLogger\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        logger = config.registry.getUtility(IDebugLogger)\n>       self.assertEqual(logger.name, 'pyramid.tests.test_config')\nE       AssertionError: 'r2e_tests.test_config' != 'pyramid.tests.test_config'\nE       - r2e_tests.test_config\nE       ?  ^^^\nE       + pyramid.tests.test_config\nE       ? ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:181: AssertionError\n_____________ ConfiguratorTests.test_include_constant_root_package _____________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.ConfiguratorTests testMethod=test_include_constant_root_package>\n\n    def test_include_constant_root_package(self):\n        from pyramid import tests\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        config = self._makeOne(root_package=tests)\n        results = {}\n        def include(config):\n            results['package'] = config.package\n            results['root_package'] = config.root_package\n        config.include(include)\n        self.assertEqual(results['root_package'], tests)\n>       self.assertEqual(results['package'], test_config)\nE       AssertionError: <module 'r2e_tests.test_config' from '/home/gcpuse[117 chars].py'> != <module 'pyramid.tests.test_config' from '/home/gc[125 chars].py'>\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:834: AssertionError\n_______________ ConfiguratorTests.test_scan_integration_conflict _______________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.ConfiguratorTests testMethod=test_scan_integration_conflict>\n\n    def test_scan_integration_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs import selfscan\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        c = Configurator()\n        c.scan(selfscan)\n        c.scan(selfscan)\n        try:\n>           c.commit()\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:1106: \n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \npyramid/config/__init__.py:687: in commit\n    self.action_state.execute_actions(introspector=self.introspector)\npyramid/config/__init__.py:1187: in execute_actions\n    action = next(action_iter, None)\n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \n\nactions = [{'args': (), 'callable': <function ViewsConfiguratorMixin.add_view.<locals>.register at 0x76220fd5c8b0>, 'discriminat...220f7fd670>, 'discriminator': ('view', None, 'two', None, 'd41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e'), 'includepath': (), ...}]\nstate = <pyramid.config.ConflictResolverState object at 0x76220fce6c10>\n\n    def resolveConflicts(actions, state=None):\n        \"\"\"Resolve conflicting actions\n    \n        Given an actions list, identify and try to resolve conflicting actions.\n        Actions conflict if they have the same non-None discriminator.\n    \n        Conflicting actions can be resolved if the include path of one of\n        the actions is a prefix of the includepaths of the other\n        conflicting actions and is unequal to the include paths in the\n        other conflicting actions.\n    \n        Actions are resolved on a per-order basis because some discriminators\n        cannot be computed until earlier actions have executed. An action in an\n        earlier order may execute successfully only to find out later that it was\n        overridden by another action with a smaller include path. This will result\n        in a conflict as there is no way to revert the original action.\n    \n        ``state`` may be an instance of ``ConflictResolverState`` that\n        can be used to resume execution and resolve the new actions against the\n        list of executed actions from a previous call.\n    \n        \"\"\"\n        if state is None:\n            state = ConflictResolverState()\n    \n        # pick up where we left off last time, but track the new actions as well\n        state.remaining_actions.extend(normalize_actions(actions))\n        actions = state.remaining_actions\n    \n        def orderandpos(v):\n            n, v = v\n            return (v['order'] or 0, n)\n    \n        def orderonly(v):\n            n, v = v\n            return v['order'] or 0\n    \n        sactions = sorted(enumerate(actions, start=state.start), key=orderandpos)\n        for order, actiongroup in itertools.groupby(sactions, orderonly):\n            # \"order\" is an integer grouping. Actions in a lower order will be\n            # executed before actions in a higher order.  All of the actions in\n            # one grouping will be executed (its callable, if any will be called)\n            # before any of the actions in the next.\n            output = []\n            unique = {}\n    \n            # error out if we went backward in order\n            if state.min_order is not None and order < state.min_order:\n                r = ['Actions were added to order={0} after execution had moved '\n                     'on to order={1}. Conflicting actions: '\n                     .format(order, state.min_order)]\n                for i, action in actiongroup:\n                    for line in str(action['info']).rstrip().split('\\n'):\n                        r.append(\"  \" + line)\n                raise ConfigurationError('\\n'.join(r))\n    \n            for i, action in actiongroup:\n                # Within an order, actions are executed sequentially based on\n                # original action ordering (\"i\").\n    \n                # \"ainfo\" is a tuple of (i, action) where \"i\" is an integer\n                # expressing the relative position of this action in the action\n                # list being resolved, and \"action\" is an action dictionary.  The\n                # purpose of an ainfo is to associate an \"i\" with a particular\n                # action; \"i\" exists for sorting after conflict resolution.\n                ainfo = (i, action)\n    \n                # wait to defer discriminators until we are on their order because\n                # the discriminator may depend on state from a previous order\n                discriminator = undefer(action['discriminator'])\n                action['discriminator'] = discriminator\n    \n                if discriminator is None:\n                    # The discriminator is None, so this action can never conflict.\n                    # We can add it directly to the result.\n                    output.append(ainfo)\n                    continue\n    \n                L = unique.setdefault(discriminator, [])\n                L.append(ainfo)\n    \n            # Check for conflicts\n            conflicts = {}\n            for discriminator, ainfos in unique.items():\n                # We use (includepath, i) as a sort key because we need to\n                # sort the actions by the paths so that the shortest path with a\n                # given prefix comes first.  The \"first\" action is the one with the\n                # shortest include path.  We break sorting ties using \"i\".\n                def bypath(ainfo):\n                    path, i = ainfo[1]['includepath'], ainfo[0]\n                    return path, order, i\n    \n                ainfos.sort(key=bypath)\n                ainfo, rest = ainfos[0], ainfos[1:]\n                _, action = ainfo\n    \n                # ensure this new action does not conflict with a previously\n                # resolved action from an earlier order / invocation\n                prev_ainfo = state.resolved_ainfos.get(discriminator)\n                if prev_ainfo is not None:\n                    _, paction = prev_ainfo\n                    basepath, baseinfo = paction['includepath'], paction['info']\n                    includepath = action['includepath']\n                    # if the new action conflicts with the resolved action then\n                    # note the conflict, otherwise drop the action as it's\n                    # effectively overriden by the previous action\n                    if (includepath[:len(basepath)] != basepath or\n                            includepath == basepath):\n                        L = conflicts.setdefault(discriminator, [baseinfo])\n                        L.append(action['info'])\n    \n                else:\n                    output.append(ainfo)\n    \n                basepath, baseinfo = action['includepath'], action['info']\n                for _, action in rest:\n                    includepath = action['includepath']\n                    # Test whether path is a prefix of opath\n                    if (includepath[:len(basepath)] != basepath or  # not a prefix\n                            includepath == basepath):\n                        L = conflicts.setdefault(discriminator, [baseinfo])\n                        L.append(action['info'])\n    \n            if conflicts:\n>               raise ConfigurationConflictError(conflicts)\nE               pyramid.exceptions.ConfigurationConflictError: Conflicting configuration actions\nE                 For: ('view', None, '', None, 'd41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e')\nE                   Line 4 of file /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/selfscan/__init__.py:\nE                       def abc(request):\nE                   Line 4 of file /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/selfscan/__init__.py:\nE                       def abc(request):\nE                 For: ('view', None, 'two', None, 'd41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e')\nE                   Line 4 of file /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/selfscan/another.py:\nE                       def two(request):\nE                   Line 4 of file /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/selfscan/another.py:\nE                       def two(request):\n\npyramid/config/__init__.py:1369: ConfigurationConflictError\n\nDuring handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.ConfiguratorTests testMethod=test_scan_integration_conflict>\n\n    def test_scan_integration_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs import selfscan\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        c = Configurator()\n        c.scan(selfscan)\n        c.scan(selfscan)\n        try:\n            c.commit()\n        except ConfigurationConflictError as why:\n            def scanconflicts(e):\n                conflicts = e._conflicts.values()\n                for conflict in conflicts:\n                    for confinst in conflict:\n                        yield confinst.src\n            which = list(scanconflicts(why))\n            self.assertEqual(len(which), 4)\n>           self.assertTrue(\"@view_config(renderer='string')\" in which)\nE           AssertionError: False is not true\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:1115: AssertionError\n_______ ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_debug_logger_None_default ________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.ConfiguratorTests testMethod=test_setup_registry_debug_logger_None_default>\n\n    def test_setup_registry_debug_logger_None_default(self):\n        from pyramid.registry import Registry\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IDebugLogger\n        reg = Registry()\n        config = self._makeOne(reg)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        logger = reg.getUtility(IDebugLogger)\n>       self.assertEqual(logger.name, 'pyramid.tests.test_config')\nE       AssertionError: 'r2e_tests.test_config' != 'pyramid.tests.test_config'\nE       - r2e_tests.test_config\nE       ?  ^^^\nE       + pyramid.tests.test_config\nE       ? ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:501: AssertionError\n____ TestConfigurator_add_directive.test_add_directive_with_custom_callable ____\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.TestConfigurator_add_directive testMethod=test_add_directive_with_custom_callable>\n\n    def test_add_directive_with_custom_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        config = self.config\n        config.add_directive(\n                'dummy_callable', 'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_callable')\n        self.assertTrue(hasattr(config, 'dummy_callable'))\n        config.dummy_callable('discrim')\n        after = config.action_state\n        action = after.actions[-1]\n        self.assertEqual(action['discriminator'], 'discrim')\n        self.assertEqual(action['callable'], None)\n>       self.assertEqual(action['args'], test_config)\nE       AssertionError: <module 'r2e_tests.test_config' from '/home/gcpuse[117 chars].py'> != <module 'pyramid.tests.test_config' from '/home/gc[125 chars].py'>\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:1314: AssertionError\n________ TestConfigurator_add_directive.test_add_directive_with_partial ________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.TestConfigurator_add_directive testMethod=test_add_directive_with_partial>\n\n    def test_add_directive_with_partial(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        config = self.config\n        config.add_directive(\n                'dummy_partial', 'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_partial')\n        self.assertTrue(hasattr(config, 'dummy_partial'))\n        config.dummy_partial()\n        after = config.action_state\n        action = after.actions[-1]\n        self.assertEqual(action['discriminator'], 'partial')\n        self.assertEqual(action['callable'], None)\n>       self.assertEqual(action['args'], test_config)\nE       AssertionError: <module 'r2e_tests.test_config' from '/home/gcpuse[117 chars].py'> != <module 'pyramid.tests.test_config' from '/home/gc[125 chars].py'>\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:1301: AssertionError\n_________ TestConfigurator_add_directive.test_extend_with_dotted_name __________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.TestConfigurator_add_directive testMethod=test_extend_with_dotted_name>\n\n    def test_extend_with_dotted_name(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        config = self.config\n        config.add_directive(\n            'dummy_extend', 'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_extend')\n        self.assertTrue(hasattr(config, 'dummy_extend'))\n        config.dummy_extend('discrim')\n        after = config.action_state\n        action = after.actions[-1]\n        self.assertEqual(action['discriminator'], 'discrim')\n        self.assertEqual(action['callable'], None)\n>       self.assertEqual(action['args'], test_config)\nE       AssertionError: <module 'r2e_tests.test_config' from '/home/gcpuse[117 chars].py'> != <module 'pyramid.tests.test_config' from '/home/gc[125 chars].py'>\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:1288: AssertionError\n_______ TestConfigurator_add_directive.test_extend_with_python_callable ________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.TestConfigurator_add_directive testMethod=test_extend_with_python_callable>\n\n    def test_extend_with_python_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        config = self.config\n        config.add_directive(\n            'dummy_extend', dummy_extend)\n        self.assertTrue(hasattr(config, 'dummy_extend'))\n        config.dummy_extend('discrim')\n        after = config.action_state\n        action = after.actions[-1]\n        self.assertEqual(action['discriminator'], 'discrim')\n        self.assertEqual(action['callable'], None)\n>       self.assertEqual(action['args'], test_config)\nE       AssertionError: <module 'r2e_tests.test_config' from '/home/gcpuse[117 chars].py'> != <module 'pyramid.tests.test_config' from '/home/gc[125 chars].py'>\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:1327: AssertionError\n_________ TestConfigurator__add_predicate.test_factory_as_dotted_name __________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.TestConfigurator__add_predicate testMethod=test_factory_as_dotted_name>\n\n    def test_factory_as_dotted_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n    \n        def _fakeAction(discriminator, callable=None, args=(),\n                        kw=None, order=0, introspectables=(), **extra):\n            self.assertEqual(len(introspectables), 1)\n            self.assertEqual(introspectables[0]['name'], 'testing')\n            self.assertEqual(introspectables[0]['factory'], DummyPredicate)\n    \n        config.action = _fakeAction\n>       config._add_predicate(\n            'route',\n            'testing',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_init.DummyPredicate'\n            )\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:1391: \n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \npyramid/config/__init__.py:560: in _add_predicate\n    self.action(discriminator, register, introspectables=(intr,),\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:1388: in _fakeAction\n    self.assertEqual(introspectables[0]['factory'], DummyPredicate)\nE   AssertionError: <class 'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_init.DummyPredicate'> != <class 'r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.DummyPredicate'>\n____ TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_static_view_package_here_relative ____\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_views.TestViewsConfigurationMixin testMethod=test_add_static_view_package_here_relative>\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n>       self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: [(<py[39 chars]6220facc610>, 'static', 'r2e_tests.test_config:files', {})] != [(<py[39 chars]6220facc610>, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})]\nE       \nE       First differing element 0:\nE       (<pyr[37 chars]76220facc610>, 'static', 'r2e_tests.test_config:files', {})\nE       (<pyr[37 chars]76220facc610>, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})\nE       \nE         [(<pyramid.config.Configurator object at 0x76220facc610>,\nE           'static',\nE       -   'r2e_tests.test_config:files',\nE       ?     ^^^\nE       \nE       +   'pyramid.tests.test_config:files',\nE       ?    ++ ^^^^^\nE       \nE           {})]\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py:2066: AssertionError\n_______ TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_template_renderer _______\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_views.TestViewsConfigurationMixin testMethod=test_add_view_with_template_renderer>\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n    \n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n>       self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\nE       AssertionError: <module 'r2e_tests.test_config' from '/home/gcpuse[117 chars].py'> != <module 'pyramid.tests.test_config' from '/home/gc[125 chars].py'>\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py:1187: AssertionError\n_ TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable _\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_views.TestViewsConfigurationMixin testMethod=test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable>\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n>       self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\nE       AssertionError: <module 'r2e_tests.test_config' from '/home/gcpuse[117 chars].py'> != <module 'pyramid.tests.test_config' from '/home/gc[125 chars].py'>\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py:1228: AssertionError\n____________________________ TestMultiView.test_add ____________________________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_views.TestMultiView testMethod=test_add>\n\n    def test_add(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add('view', 100)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view2', 99)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view3', 100, accept='text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'], [(100, 'view3', None)])\n        mv.add('view4', 99, 'abc', accept='text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, 'view4', 'abc'), (100, 'view3', None)])\n        mv.add('view5', 100, accept='text/xml')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/xml'], [(100, 'view5', None)])\n        self.assertEqual(set(mv.accepts), set(['text/xml', 'text/html']))\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])\n>       mv.add('view6', 98, accept='text/*')\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py:2511: \n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \npyramid/config/views.py:145: in add\n    self.accepts = sort_accept_offers(accepts, accept_order)\npyramid/util.py:730: in sort_accept_offers\n    return sorted(offers, key=offer_sort_key)\npyramid/util.py:708: in offer_sort_key\n    parsed = Accept.parse_offer(value)\n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \n\ncls = <class 'webob.acceptparse.Accept'>, offer = 'text/*'\n\n    @classmethod\n    def parse_offer(cls, offer):\n        \"\"\"\n        Parse an offer into its component parts.\n    \n        :param offer: A media type or range in the format\n                      ``type/subtype[;params]``.\n        :return: A named tuple containing ``(*type*, *subtype*, *params*)``.\n    \n                 | *params* is a list containing ``(*parameter name*, *value*)``\n                   values.\n    \n        :raises ValueError: If the offer does not match the required format.\n    \n        \"\"\"\n        if isinstance(offer, AcceptOffer):\n            return offer\n        match = cls.media_type_compiled_re.match(offer)\n        if not match:\n            raise ValueError('Invalid value for an Accept offer.')\n    \n        groups = match.groups()\n        offer_type, offer_subtype = groups[0].split('/')\n        offer_params = cls._parse_media_type_params(\n            media_type_params_segment=groups[1],\n        )\n        if offer_type == '*' or offer_subtype == '*':\n>           raise ValueError('Invalid value for an Accept offer.')\nE           ValueError: Invalid value for an Accept offer.\n\n.venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/webob/acceptparse.py:460: ValueError\n_________ TestStaticURLInfo.test_generate_url_cachebust_with_overrides _________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_views.TestStaticURLInfo testMethod=test_generate_url_cachebust_with_overrides>\n\n    def test_generate_url_cachebust_with_overrides(self):\n        config = testing.setUp()\n        try:\n            request = testing.DummyRequest()\n            config.add_static_view('static', 'path')\n            config.override_asset(\n                'pyramid.tests.test_config:path/',\n                'pyramid.tests.test_config:other_path/')\n            def cb(val):\n                def cb_(request, subpath, kw):\n                    kw['_query'] = {'x': val}\n                    return subpath, kw\n                return cb_\n            config.add_cache_buster('path', cb('foo'))\n            result = request.static_url('path/foo.png')\n            self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=foo')\n            config.add_cache_buster('other_path', cb('bar'), explicit=True)\n            result = request.static_url('path/foo.png')\n>           self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=bar')\nE           AssertionError: 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=foo' != 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=bar'\nE           - http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=foo\nE           ?                                     ^^^\nE           + http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=bar\nE           ?                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py:3212: AssertionError\n___________________ Test_view_description.test_without_text ____________________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_views.Test_view_description testMethod=test_without_text>\n\n    def test_without_text(self):\n        def view(): pass\n        result = self._callFUT(view)\n>       self.assertEqual(result,\n                         'function pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.view')\nE       AssertionError: 'function r2e_tests.test_config.test_views.view' != 'function pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.view'\nE       - function r2e_tests.test_config.test_views.view\nE       ?           ^^^\nE       + function pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.view\nE       ?          ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py:3383: AssertionError\n_________ TestPRoutesCommand.test_one_route_all_methods_view_only_post _________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.TestPRoutesCommand testMethod=test_one_route_all_methods_view_only_post>\n\n    def test_one_route_all_methods_view_only_post(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n    \n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n    \n        config = self._makeConfig(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(\n            route_name='foo',\n            view=view1,\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method='POST'\n        )\n    \n        command = self._makeOne()\n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        command.bootstrap = dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=config.registry)\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)\n        compare_to = L[-1].split()\n        expected = [\n            'foo', '/a/b',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST'\n        ]\n>       self.assertEqual(compare_to, expected)\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST'] != ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST']\nE       \nE       First differing element 2:\nE       'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       \nE       - ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST']\nE       ?                   ^^^\nE       \nE       + ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST']\nE       ?                  ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py:342: AssertionError\n_________ TestPRoutesCommand.test_one_route_only_post_view_all_methods _________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.TestPRoutesCommand testMethod=test_one_route_only_post_view_all_methods>\n\n    def test_one_route_only_post_view_all_methods(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n    \n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n    \n        config = self._makeConfig(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b', request_method='POST')\n        config.add_view(\n            route_name='foo',\n            view=view1,\n            renderer=nr,\n        )\n    \n        command = self._makeOne()\n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        command.bootstrap = dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=config.registry)\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)\n        compare_to = L[-1].split()\n        expected = [\n            'foo', '/a/b',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST'\n        ]\n>       self.assertEqual(compare_to, expected)\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST'] != ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST']\nE       \nE       First differing element 2:\nE       'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       \nE       - ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST']\nE       ?                   ^^^\nE       \nE       + ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST']\nE       ?                  ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py:369: AssertionError\n________ TestPRoutesCommand.test_one_route_only_post_view_post_and_get _________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.TestPRoutesCommand testMethod=test_one_route_only_post_view_post_and_get>\n\n    def test_one_route_only_post_view_post_and_get(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n    \n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n    \n        config = self._makeConfig(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b', request_method='POST')\n        config.add_view(\n            route_name='foo',\n            view=view1,\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=('POST', 'GET')\n        )\n    \n        command = self._makeOne()\n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        command.bootstrap = dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=config.registry)\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)\n        compare_to = L[-1].split()\n        expected = [\n            'foo', '/a/b',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST'\n        ]\n>       self.assertEqual(compare_to, expected)\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST'] != ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST']\nE       \nE       First differing element 2:\nE       'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       \nE       - ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST']\nE       ?                   ^^^\nE       \nE       + ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST']\nE       ?                  ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py:397: AssertionError\n_____ TestPRoutesCommand.test_one_route_with_long_name_one_view_registered _____\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.TestPRoutesCommand testMethod=test_one_route_with_long_name_one_view_registered>\n\n    def test_one_route_with_long_name_one_view_registered(self):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        registry = self._makeRegistry()\n    \n        def view():pass\n    \n        class IMyRoute(Interface):\n            pass\n    \n        registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IMyRoute, Interface),\n            IView, ''\n        )\n    \n        registry.registerUtility(IMyRoute, IRouteRequest,\n                                 name='very_long_name_123')\n    \n        command = self._makeOne()\n        route = dummy.DummyRoute(\n            'very_long_name_123',\n            '/and_very_long_pattern_as_well'\n        )\n        mapper = dummy.DummyMapper(route)\n        command._get_mapper = lambda *arg: mapper\n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        command.bootstrap = dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=registry)\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)\n        compare_to = L[-1].split()[:3]\n>       self.assertEqual(\n            compare_to,\n            ['very_long_name_123',\n             '/and_very_long_pattern_as_well',\n             'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view']\n        )\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['ver[36 chars]ttern_as_well', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view'] != ['ver[36 chars]ttern_as_well', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view']\nE       \nE       First differing element 2:\nE       'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view'\nE       'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view'\nE       \nE         ['very_long_name_123',\nE          '/and_very_long_pattern_as_well',\nE       -  'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view']\nE       ?    ^^^\nE       \nE       +  'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view']\nE       ?   ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py:201: AssertionError\n______ TestPRoutesCommand.test_route_is_get_view_request_method_not_post _______\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.TestPRoutesCommand testMethod=test_route_is_get_view_request_method_not_post>\n\n    def test_route_is_get_view_request_method_not_post(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.config import not_\n    \n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n    \n        config = self._makeConfig(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b', request_method='GET')\n        config.add_view(\n            route_name='foo',\n            view=view1,\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=not_('POST')\n        )\n    \n        command = self._makeOne()\n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        command.bootstrap = dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=config.registry)\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)\n        compare_to = L[-1].split()\n        expected = [\n            'foo', '/a/b',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1',\n            'GET'\n        ]\n>       self.assertEqual(compare_to, expected)\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'GET'] != ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'GET']\nE       \nE       First differing element 2:\nE       'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       \nE       - ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'GET']\nE       ?                   ^^^\nE       \nE       + ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'GET']\nE       ?                  ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py:537: AssertionError\n____________ TestPRoutesCommand.test_route_request_method_mismatch _____________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.TestPRoutesCommand testMethod=test_route_request_method_mismatch>\n\n    def test_route_request_method_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n    \n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n    \n        config = self._makeConfig(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b', request_method='POST')\n        config.add_view(\n            route_name='foo',\n            view=view1,\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method='GET'\n        )\n    \n        command = self._makeOne()\n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        command.bootstrap = dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=config.registry)\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)\n        compare_to = L[-1].split()\n        expected = [\n            'foo', '/a/b',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1',\n            '<route', 'mismatch>'\n        ]\n>       self.assertEqual(compare_to, expected)\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1[20 chars]ch>'] != ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.v[24 chars]ch>']\nE       \nE       First differing element 2:\nE       'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       \nE         ['foo',\nE          '/a/b',\nE       -  'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1',\nE       ?    ^^^\nE       \nE       +  'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1',\nE       ?   ++ ^^^^^\nE       \nE          '<route',\nE          'mismatch>']\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py:426: AssertionError\n__________________ TestPRoutesCommand.test_route_static_views __________________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.TestPRoutesCommand testMethod=test_route_static_views>\n\n    def test_route_static_views(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        config = self._makeConfig(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'static', cache_max_age=3600)\n        path2 = os.path.normpath('/var/www/static')\n        config.add_static_view(name='static2', path=path2)\n        config.add_static_view(\n            name='pyramid_scaffold',\n            path='pyramid:scaffolds/starter/+package+/static'\n        )\n    \n        command = self._makeOne()\n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        command.bootstrap = dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=config.registry)\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(len(L), 5)\n    \n        expected = [\n            ['__static/', '/static/*subpath',\n             'pyramid.tests.test_scripts:static/', '*'],\n            ['__static2/', '/static2/*subpath', path2 + os.sep, '*'],\n            ['__pyramid_scaffold/', '/pyramid_scaffold/*subpath',\n             'pyramid:scaffolds/starter/+package+/static/',  '*'],\n        ]\n    \n        for index, line in enumerate(L[2:]):\n            data = line.split()\n>           self.assertEqual(data, expected[index])\nE           AssertionError: Lists differ: ['__static/', '/static/*subpath', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts:static/', '*'] != ['__static/', '/static/*subpath', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts:static/', '*']\nE           \nE           First differing element 2:\nE           'r2e_tests.test_scripts:static/'\nE           'pyramid.tests.test_scripts:static/'\nE           \nE           - ['__static/', '/static/*subpath', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts:static/', '*']\nE           ?                                     ^^^\nE           \nE           + ['__static/', '/static/*subpath', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts:static/', '*']\nE           ?                                    ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py:457: AssertionError\n___________ TestPRoutesCommand.test_single_route_one_view_registered ___________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.TestPRoutesCommand testMethod=test_single_route_one_view_registered>\n\n    def test_single_route_one_view_registered(self):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        registry = self._makeRegistry()\n    \n        def view():pass\n        class IMyRoute(Interface):\n            pass\n        registry.registerAdapter(view,\n                                 (IViewClassifier, IMyRoute, Interface),\n                                 IView, '')\n        registry.registerUtility(IMyRoute, IRouteRequest, name='a')\n        command = self._makeOne()\n        route = dummy.DummyRoute('a', '/a')\n        mapper = dummy.DummyMapper(route)\n        command._get_mapper = lambda *arg: mapper\n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        command.bootstrap = dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=registry)\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)\n        compare_to = L[-1].split()[:3]\n>       self.assertEqual(\n            compare_to,\n            ['a', '/a', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view']\n        )\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['a', '/a', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view'] != ['a', '/a', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view']\nE       \nE       First differing element 2:\nE       'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view'\nE       'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view'\nE       \nE       - ['a', '/a', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view']\nE       ?               ^^^\nE       \nE       + ['a', '/a', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view']\nE       ?              ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py:161: AssertionError\n______________________ TestPRoutesCommand.test_view_glob _______________________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.TestPRoutesCommand testMethod=test_view_glob>\n\n    def test_view_glob(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.config import not_\n    \n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'view2'\n    \n        config = self._makeConfig(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(\n            route_name='foo',\n            view=view1,\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=not_('POST')\n        )\n    \n        config.add_route('bar', '/b/a')\n        config.add_view(\n            route_name='bar',\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=not_('POST')\n        )\n    \n        command = self._makeOne()\n        command.args.glob = '*foo*'\n    \n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        command.bootstrap = dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=config.registry)\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)\n        compare_to = L[-1].split()\n        expected = [\n            'foo', '/a/b',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1',\n            '!POST,*'\n        ]\n>       self.assertEqual(compare_to, expected)\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', '!POST,*'] != ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', '!POST,*']\nE       \nE       First differing element 2:\nE       'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       \nE       - ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', '!POST,*']\nE       ?                   ^^^\nE       \nE       + ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', '!POST,*']\nE       ?                  ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py:608: AssertionError\n_____________ TestPRoutesCommand.test_view_request_method_not_post _____________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.TestPRoutesCommand testMethod=test_view_request_method_not_post>\n\n    def test_view_request_method_not_post(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.config import not_\n    \n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n    \n        config = self._makeConfig(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(\n            route_name='foo',\n            view=view1,\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=not_('POST')\n        )\n    \n        command = self._makeOne()\n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        command.bootstrap = dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=config.registry)\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)\n        compare_to = L[-1].split()\n        expected = [\n            'foo', '/a/b',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1',\n            '!POST,*'\n        ]\n>       self.assertEqual(compare_to, expected)\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', '!POST,*'] != ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', '!POST,*']\nE       \nE       First differing element 2:\nE       'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       \nE       - ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', '!POST,*']\nE       ?                   ^^^\nE       \nE       + ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', '!POST,*']\nE       ?                  ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py:567: AssertionError\n_____________ TestPServeCommand.test_config_file_finds_watch_files _____________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_pserve.TestPServeCommand testMethod=test_config_file_finds_watch_files>\n\n    def test_config_file_finds_watch_files(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne('development.ini')\n        loader = self.loader('/base/path.ini')\n        loader.settings = {'pserve': {\n            'watch_files': 'foo\\n/baz\\npyramid.tests.test_scripts:*.py',\n        }}\n        inst.pserve_file_config(loader, global_conf={'a': '1'})\n        self.assertEqual(loader.calls[0]['defaults'], {\n            'a': '1',\n        })\n>       self.assertEqual(inst.watch_files, set([\n            os.path.abspath('/base/foo'),\n            os.path.abspath('/baz'),\n            os.path.abspath(os.path.join(here, '*.py')),\n        ]))\nE       AssertionError: Items in the first set but not the second:\nE       '/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_scripts/*.py'\nE       Items in the second set but not the first:\nE       '/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_scripts/*.py'\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pserve.py:64: AssertionError\n_____ TestPViewsCommand.test_views_command_single_view_function_traversal ______\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_pviews.TestPViewsCommand testMethod=test_views_command_single_view_function_traversal>\n\n    def test_views_command_single_view_function_traversal(self):\n        from pyramid.registry import Registry\n        registry = Registry()\n        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)\n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        def view(): pass\n        view.__request_attrs__ = {'context': 'context', 'view_name': 'a'}\n        command._find_view = lambda arg1: view\n        command.args.config_uri = '/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp'\n        command.args.url = '/a'\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')\n        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')\n        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')\n>       self.assertEqual(L[8],\n                         '    pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_pviews.view')\nE       AssertionError: '    r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_pviews.view' != '    pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_pviews.view'\nE       -     r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_pviews.view\nE       ?      ^^^\nE       +     pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_pviews.view\nE       ?     ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py:301: AssertionError\n==================================== PASSES ====================================\n=========================== short test summary info ============================\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_exception_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_exception_view_disallows_exception_only\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_exception_view_disallows_for_\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_exception_view_disallows_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_exception_view_disallows_permission\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_exception_view_disallows_require_csrf\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_exception_view_with_subclass\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_exception_view_with_view_defaults\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_forbidden_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_forbidden_view_allows_other_predicates\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_context\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_for_\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_permission\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_require_csrf\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_forbidden_view_no_view_argument\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_forbidden_view_with_renderer\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_forbidden_view_with_view_defaults\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_normal_and_exception_view_intr_derived_callable\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_allows_other_predicates\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_append_slash\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_append_slash_custom_response\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_disallows_context\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_disallows_for_\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_disallows_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_disallows_permission\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_disallows_require_csrf\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_no_view_argument\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_with_renderer\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_with_view_defaults\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_static_view_absolute\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_static_view_package_relative\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_as_instance\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_as_instance_requestonly\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_as_instancemethod\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_as_instancemethod_requestonly\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_class_method_no_attr\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_context_as_class\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_context_as_dottedname\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_context_as_iface\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_context_trumps_for\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_custom_more_preds_first_bests_fewer_preds_last\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_custom_predicate_bests_standard_predicate\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_default_phash\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_no_phash\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_default_phash\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_no_phash\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exc_mulview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exc_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exc_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exception_only\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exception_only_misconfiguration\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exception_only_no_regular_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exception_register_secured_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_for__as_dottedname\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_for_as_class\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_for_as_iface\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_mixed_case_replaces_existing_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_multiview___discriminator__\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_multiview_call_ordering\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_multiview_context_superclass_then_subclass\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_multiview_exception_superclass_then_subclass\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_multiview_replaces_multiview\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_register_secured_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_same_predicates\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_view_callable_None_no_renderer\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_view_callable_None_with_renderer\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_view_callable_dottedname\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_accept_match\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_check_csrf_predicates_match\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_containment_dottedname\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_containment_false\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_containment_true\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_csrf_header\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_csrf_param\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_match\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_nomatch\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_decorator\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_decorator_tuple\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_default_permission_no_explicit_permission\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_default_renderer\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_function_callable\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_function_callable_requestonly\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_header_badregex\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_header_noval_match\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_header_noval_nomatch\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_header_val_match\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_header_val_missing\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_header_val_nomatch\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_http_cache\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_mapper\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_missing_csrf_header\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_name_unicode\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_no_default_permission_no_explicit_permission\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_nonexistant_route_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_path_info_badregex\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_path_info_match\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_path_info_nomatch\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_permission\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_method_false\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_method_get_implies_head\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_conflict\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_false\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_true\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_method_true\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_false\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_true\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_param_val_false\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_param_val_true\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_type\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_type_and_route_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_type_as_iface\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_type_as_noniface\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_route_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_route_name_exception\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_introspector_missing\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_no_renderer_factory\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_with_renderer_factory\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_conflicts\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_doesnt_conflict\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_view_defaults\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_kwarg\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_nonkwarg\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_xhr_false\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_xhr_true\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_wrapped_view_is_decorated\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_views_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_derive_view_dottedname\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_derive_view_function\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_no_explicit_renderer\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_with_explicit_renderer\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_set_view_mapper\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_set_view_mapper_dottedname\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_view_with_most_specific_predicate\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_view_with_most_specific_predicate_with_mismatch\nPASSED 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r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test___call_permissive_has_call_permissive\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test___call_permissive_has_no_call_permissive\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test__call__not_found\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test__call__with_accept_match\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test__call__with_accept_miss\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test__call_permissive__not_found\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test_add_with_phash\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test_add_with_phash_override_accept\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test_add_with_phash_override_accept2\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test_class_implements_ISecuredView\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test_get_views\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test_get_views_best_match_returns_None\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test_get_views_no_self_accepts\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test_get_views_request_has_no_accept\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test_instance_implements_ISecuredView\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test_match_not_found\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test_match_predicate_fails\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test_match_predicate_succeeds\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test_multiple_with_functions_as_views\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test_permitted\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test_permitted_no_match_with__permitted__\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test_permitted_no_views\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestDefaultViewMapper::test__view_as_function_with_attr\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestDefaultViewMapper::test_view_as_function_context_and_request\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestDefaultViewMapper::test_view_as_function_requestonly\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestDefaultViewMapper::test_view_as_function_requestonly_with_attr\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestDefaultViewMapper::test_view_as_instance_context_and_request\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestDefaultViewMapper::test_view_as_instance_context_and_request_and_attr\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestDefaultViewMapper::test_view_as_instance_requestonly\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestDefaultViewMapper::test_view_as_instance_requestonly_with_attr\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestDefaultViewMapper::test_view_as_newstyle_class_context_and_request\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestDefaultViewMapper::test_view_as_newstyle_class_context_and_request_with_attr\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestDefaultViewMapper::test_view_as_newstyle_class_requestonly\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestDefaultViewMapper::test_view_as_newstyle_class_requestonly_with_attr\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestDefaultViewMapper::test_view_as_oldstyle_class_context_and_request\nPASSED 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r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_add_cachebuster_for_more_specific_path\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_add_cachebuster_overwrite\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_add_cachebuster_overwrite_explicit\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_add_package_root\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_add_url_noendslash\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_add_url_noscheme\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_add_url_withendslash\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_add_viewname\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_add_viewname_with_context\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_add_viewname_with_for_\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_add_viewname_with_permission\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_add_viewname_with_renderer\nPASSED 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r2e_tests/test_2.py::RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests::test_add_route_no_view_with_view_permission\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_2.py::RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests::test_add_route_no_view_with_view_renderer\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_2.py::RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests::test_add_route_with_accept\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_2.py::RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests::test_add_route_with_accept_list\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_2.py::RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests::test_add_route_with_custom_predicates\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_2.py::RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests::test_add_route_with_factory\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_2.py::RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests::test_add_route_with_factory_dottedname\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_2.py::RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests::test_add_route_with_header\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_2.py::RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests::test_add_route_with_path_info\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_2.py::RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests::test_add_route_with_path_info_highorder\nPASSED 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r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_generate_quoting\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_generate_registration_miss\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_generate_route_url\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_generate_slash_in_name1\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_generate_slash_in_name2\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_generate_url_cachebust\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_generate_url_cachebust_abspath\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_generate_url_cachebust_nomatch\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_generate_url_quoted_remote\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_generate_url_unquoted_local\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_generate_url_with_custom_anchor\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_generate_url_with_custom_query\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_verifyClass\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_verifyObject\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::Test_view_description::test_with_text\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::Test_viewdefaults::test_dunder_attrs_copied\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_common.py::TestParseVars::test_parse_vars_bad\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_common.py::TestParseVars::test_parse_vars_good\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_confirm_override_conflicting_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_force_override_conflicting_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_force_override_site_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_known_scaffold_absolute_path\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_known_scaffold_multiple_rendered\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_known_scaffold_single_rendered\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_known_scaffold_with_path_as_project_target_rendered\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_no_project_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_run_no_scaffold_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_run_no_scaffold_no_args\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_run_show_scaffolds_exist\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_run_show_scaffolds_none_exist\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_scaffold_with_dev_pyramid_long_version\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_scaffold_with_dev_pyramid_version\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_scaffold_with_hyphen_in_project_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_scaffold_with_package_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_scaffold_with_prod_pyramid_long_version\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_scaffold_with_prod_pyramid_unparsable_version\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_scaffold_with_prod_pyramid_version\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_unknown_scaffold_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::Test_main::test_it\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pdistreport.py::TestPDistReportCommand::test_no_dists\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pdistreport.py::TestPDistReportCommand::test_with_dists\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_display_headers\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_has_bad_config_header\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_has_content_type_header_var\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_has_good_header_var\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_has_multiple_header_vars\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_method_configures_logging\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_method_get\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_method_options\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_method_patch\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_method_post\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_method_propfind\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_method_put\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_not_enough_args\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_path_doesnt_start_with_slash\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_response_has_no_charset\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_two_args\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_w_basic_auth\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_with_query_string\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::Test_main::test_it\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test__get_mapper\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_bad_args\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_bad_format\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_class_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_config_format_ini_commas\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_config_format_ini_newlines\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_config_format_ini_spaces\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_good_args\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_good_format\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_no_mapper\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_no_routes\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_route_as_wsgiapp\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_route_no_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_route_with_no_slash_prefix\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_single_route_multiview_registered\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_single_route_no_route_registered\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_single_route_no_views_registered\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_single_route_one_view_registered_with_factory\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_static_routes_included_in_list\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::Test_main::test_it\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pserve.py::TestPServeCommand::test_config_file_finds_open_url\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pserve.py::TestPServeCommand::test_guess_server_url\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pserve.py::TestPServeCommand::test_parse_vars_bad\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pserve.py::TestPServeCommand::test_parse_vars_good\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pserve.py::TestPServeCommand::test_reload_call_hupper_with_correct_args\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pserve.py::TestPServeCommand::test_run_no_args\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pserve.py::Test_main::test_it\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_custom_section_override\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_default_shell_option\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_errors_with_unknown_shell\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_loads_check_variable_override_order\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_loads_custom_items\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_loads_default_shell\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_loads_ipython\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_loads_pythonstartup\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_loads_setup_from_options\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_setup\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_setup_generator\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_list_shells\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_shell_entry_points\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_shell_ordering\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_shell_override\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::Test_python_shell_runner::test_it\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::Test_main::test_it\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_ptweens.py::TestPTweensCommand::test__get_tweens\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_ptweens.py::TestPTweensCommand::test_command_implicit_and_explicit_tweens\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_ptweens.py::TestPTweensCommand::test_command_implicit_tweens_only\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_ptweens.py::TestPTweensCommand::test_command_no_tweens\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_ptweens.py::Test_main::test_it\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test__find_multi_routes_all_match\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test__find_multi_routes_none_match\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test__find_multi_routes_some_match\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test__find_view_no_match\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test__find_view_no_match_multiview_registered\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test__find_view_route_multiview\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test__find_view_route_multiview_no_view_registered\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test__find_view_route_no_multiview\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test__find_view_traversal\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test__find_view_traversal_multiview\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_multi_view_nested\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_multiview\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_multiview_with_permission\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_multiview_with_predicates\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_not_found\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_not_found_url_starts_without_slash\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_single_view_route\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_single_view_route_with_route_predicates\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_single_view_traversal\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_single_view_traversal_with_permission\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_single_view_traversal_with_predicates\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::Test_main::test_it\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_static_view_package_here_relative\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_template_renderer\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test_add - ValueError: Invalid val...\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_generate_url_cachebust_with_overrides\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_1.py::Test_view_description::test_without_text - Assert...\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_adapters.py::AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests::test_add_resource_url_adapter_dotted_names\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_adapters.py::AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests::test_add_resource_url_adapter_introspectables\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_adapters.py::AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests::test_add_traverser_dotted_names\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py::TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin::test_override_asset_directory_with_directory\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py::TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin::test_override_asset_directory_with_package\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py::TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin::test_override_asset_file_with_file\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py::TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin::test_override_asset_package_with_directory\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py::TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin::test_override_asset_package_with_package\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py::TestOverrideProvider::test_get_resource_filename_no_overrides\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py::TestOverrideProvider::test_get_resource_filename_override_returns_None\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py::TestPackageAssetSource::test_get_filename\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py::TestPackageAssetSource::test_get_filename_with_prefix\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py::TestI18NConfiguratorMixin::test_add_translation_dirs_abspath\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py::TestI18NConfiguratorMixin::test_add_translation_dirs_asset_spec\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py::TestI18NConfiguratorMixin::test_add_translation_dirs_asset_spec_existing_translation_dirs\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py::TestI18NConfiguratorMixin::test_add_translation_dirs_doesnt_use_override_w_autocommit\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py::TestI18NConfiguratorMixin::test_add_translation_dirs_multiple_specs\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py::TestI18NConfiguratorMixin::test_add_translation_dirs_multiple_specs_multiple_calls\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py::TestI18NConfiguratorMixin::test_add_translation_dirs_override_multiple_specs_multiple_calls\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py::TestI18NConfiguratorMixin::test_add_translation_dirs_uses_override_out_of_order\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py::TestI18NConfiguratorMixin::test_add_translation_dirs_uses_override_w_autocommit\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py::ConfiguratorTests::test_ctor_no_registry\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py::ConfiguratorTests::test_ctor_noreg_debug_logger_None_default\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py::ConfiguratorTests::test_include_constant_root_package\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py::ConfiguratorTests::test_scan_integration_conflict\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py::ConfiguratorTests::test_setup_registry_debug_logger_None_default\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py::TestConfigurator_add_directive::test_add_directive_with_custom_callable\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py::TestConfigurator_add_directive::test_add_directive_with_partial\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py::TestConfigurator_add_directive::test_extend_with_dotted_name\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py::TestConfigurator_add_directive::test_extend_with_python_callable\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py::TestConfigurator__add_predicate::test_factory_as_dotted_name\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_static_view_package_here_relative\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_template_renderer\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestMultiView::test_add - ValueEr...\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_generate_url_cachebust_with_overrides\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::Test_view_description::test_without_text\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_one_route_all_methods_view_only_post\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_one_route_only_post_view_all_methods\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_one_route_only_post_view_post_and_get\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_one_route_with_long_name_one_view_registered\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_route_is_get_view_request_method_not_post\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_route_request_method_mismatch\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_route_static_views\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_single_route_one_view_registered\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_view_glob\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_view_request_method_not_post\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pserve.py::TestPServeCommand::test_config_file_finds_watch_files\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_single_view_function_traversal\n======================= 56 failed, 1026 passed in 7.28s ========================\n",
    "new_commit_res_stderr": "",
    "old_commit_res_code": 1,
    "old_commit_res_stdout": "============================= test session starts ==============================\nplatform linux -- Python 3.8.20, pytest-8.3.4, pluggy-1.5.0\nrootdir: /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464\ncollected 1082 items\n\nr2e_tests/test_1.py ................................FF.................. [  4%]\n........................................................................ [ 11%]\n.......FF.......................................F....................... [ 18%]\n.......................................F.......F.                        [ 22%]\nr2e_tests/test_2.py ........FF...............                            [ 24%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_adapters.py .FF..............F...             [ 26%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py ....F.F...F...FF.FF................ [ 30%]\n.....................................F.F................................ [ 36%]\n                                                                         [ 36%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_factories.py .......................          [ 38%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py FFFF..FF.FFF..                        [ 40%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py ..................................... [ 43%]\n.......F..F.......F..............F...........F.....................FF... [ 50%]\nFFF..............................                                        [ 53%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_rendering.py ...                              [ 53%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_routes.py ........FF...............           [ 55%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_security.py ............                      [ 57%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_settings.py ........................          [ 59%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_testing.py ............                       [ 60%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_tweens.py .................................   [ 63%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_util.py ........................              [ 65%]\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py .................................F.. [ 68%]\n........................................................................ [ 75%]\n.......................FF.......................................F....... [ 82%]\n.......................................................F.......F.        [ 88%]\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_common.py ..                                 [ 88%]\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py .....................             [ 90%]\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pdistreport.py ..                            [ 90%]\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py ...................              [ 92%]\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py ...........FFFF.F.FF....F..FF.    [ 95%]\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pserve.py .F......                           [ 95%]\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py .................                  [ 97%]\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_ptweens.py .....                             [ 97%]\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py ................F......            [100%]\n\n=================================== FAILURES ===================================\n_ TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered __\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_1.TestViewsConfigurationMixin testMethod=test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered>\n\n    def test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files', renderer=null_renderer)\n        request_type = self._getRouteRequestIface(config, '__static/')\n        self._assertRoute(config, '__static/', 'static/*subpath')\n        wrapped = config.registry.adapters.lookup(\n            (IViewClassifier, request_type, Interface), IView, name='')\n        from pyramid.request import Request\n        request = Request.blank('/static/minimal.txt')\n        request.subpath = ('minimal.txt', )\n>       result = wrapped(None, request)\n\nr2e_tests/test_1.py:2045: \n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \n\nself = <pyramid.static.static_view object at 0x7eea568e46d0>, context = None\nrequest = <Request at 0x7eea569d2fa0 GET http://localhost/static/minimal.txt>\n\n    def __call__(self, context, request):\n        if self.use_subpath:\n            path_tuple = request.subpath\n        else:\n            path_tuple = traversal_path_info(request.environ['PATH_INFO'])\n        path = _secure_path(path_tuple)\n    \n        if path is None:\n            raise HTTPNotFound('Out of bounds: %s' % request.url)\n    \n        if self.package_name: # package resource\n            resource_path = '%s/%s' % (self.docroot.rstrip('/'), path)\n            if resource_isdir(self.package_name, resource_path):\n                if not request.path_url.endswith('/'):\n                    self.add_slash_redirect(request)\n                resource_path = '%s/%s' % (\n                    resource_path.rstrip('/'), self.index\n                )\n    \n            if not resource_exists(self.package_name, resource_path):\n>               raise HTTPNotFound(request.url)\nE               pyramid.httpexceptions.HTTPNotFound: http://localhost/static/minimal.txt\n\npyramid/static.py:126: HTTPNotFound\n____ TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_static_view_package_here_relative ____\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_1.TestViewsConfigurationMixin testMethod=test_add_static_view_package_here_relative>\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n>       self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: [(<py[39 chars]eea55e9f280>, 'static', 'r2e_tests:files', {})] != [(<py[39 chars]eea55e9f280>, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})]\nE       \nE       First differing element 0:\nE       (<pyr[37 chars]7eea55e9f280>, 'static', 'r2e_tests:files', {})\nE       (<pyr[37 chars]7eea55e9f280>, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})\nE       \nE         [(<pyramid.config.Configurator object at 0x7eea55e9f280>,\nE           'static',\nE       -   'r2e_tests:files',\nE       +   'pyramid.tests.test_config:files',\nE           {})]\n\nr2e_tests/test_1.py:2066: AssertionError\n_______ TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_template_renderer _______\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_1.TestViewsConfigurationMixin testMethod=test_add_view_with_template_renderer>\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n    \n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n>       self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\nE       AssertionError: <module 'r2e_tests' from '/home/gcpuser/buckets/lo[93 chars].py'> != <module 'pyramid.tests.test_config' from '/home/gc[125 chars].py'>\n\nr2e_tests/test_1.py:1187: AssertionError\n_ TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable _\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_1.TestViewsConfigurationMixin testMethod=test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable>\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n>       self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\nE       AssertionError: <module 'r2e_tests' from '/home/gcpuser/buckets/lo[93 chars].py'> != <module 'pyramid.tests.test_config' from '/home/gc[125 chars].py'>\n\nr2e_tests/test_1.py:1228: AssertionError\n____________________________ TestMultiView.test_add ____________________________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_1.TestMultiView testMethod=test_add>\n\n    def test_add(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add('view', 100)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view2', 99)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view3', 100, accept='text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'], [(100, 'view3', None)])\n        mv.add('view4', 99, 'abc', accept='text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, 'view4', 'abc'), (100, 'view3', None)])\n        mv.add('view5', 100, accept='text/xml')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/xml'], [(100, 'view5', None)])\n        self.assertEqual(set(mv.accepts), set(['text/xml', 'text/html']))\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])\n>       mv.add('view6', 98, accept='text/*')\n\nr2e_tests/test_1.py:2511: \n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \npyramid/config/views.py:145: in add\n    self.accepts = sort_accept_offers(accepts, accept_order)\npyramid/util.py:730: in sort_accept_offers\n    return sorted(offers, key=offer_sort_key)\npyramid/util.py:708: in offer_sort_key\n    parsed = Accept.parse_offer(value)\n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \n\ncls = <class 'webob.acceptparse.Accept'>, offer = 'text/*'\n\n    @classmethod\n    def parse_offer(cls, offer):\n        \"\"\"\n        Parse an offer into its component parts.\n    \n        :param offer: A media type or range in the format\n                      ``type/subtype[;params]``.\n        :return: A named tuple containing ``(*type*, *subtype*, *params*)``.\n    \n                 | *params* is a list containing ``(*parameter name*, *value*)``\n                   values.\n    \n        :raises ValueError: If the offer does not match the required format.\n    \n        \"\"\"\n        if isinstance(offer, AcceptOffer):\n            return offer\n        match = cls.media_type_compiled_re.match(offer)\n        if not match:\n            raise ValueError('Invalid value for an Accept offer.')\n    \n        groups = match.groups()\n        offer_type, offer_subtype = groups[0].split('/')\n        offer_params = cls._parse_media_type_params(\n            media_type_params_segment=groups[1],\n        )\n        if offer_type == '*' or offer_subtype == '*':\n>           raise ValueError('Invalid value for an Accept offer.')\nE           ValueError: Invalid value for an Accept offer.\n\n.venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/webob/acceptparse.py:460: ValueError\n_________ TestStaticURLInfo.test_generate_url_cachebust_with_overrides _________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_1.TestStaticURLInfo testMethod=test_generate_url_cachebust_with_overrides>\n\n    def test_generate_url_cachebust_with_overrides(self):\n        config = testing.setUp()\n        try:\n            request = testing.DummyRequest()\n            config.add_static_view('static', 'path')\n            config.override_asset(\n                'pyramid.tests.test_config:path/',\n                'pyramid.tests.test_config:other_path/')\n            def cb(val):\n                def cb_(request, subpath, kw):\n                    kw['_query'] = {'x': val}\n                    return subpath, kw\n                return cb_\n            config.add_cache_buster('path', cb('foo'))\n            result = request.static_url('path/foo.png')\n            self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=foo')\n            config.add_cache_buster('other_path', cb('bar'), explicit=True)\n            result = request.static_url('path/foo.png')\n>           self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=bar')\nE           AssertionError: 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=foo' != 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=bar'\nE           - http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=foo\nE           ?                                     ^^^\nE           + http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=bar\nE           ?                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_1.py:3212: AssertionError\n___________________ Test_view_description.test_without_text ____________________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_1.Test_view_description testMethod=test_without_text>\n\n    def test_without_text(self):\n        def view(): pass\n        result = self._callFUT(view)\n>       self.assertEqual(result,\n                         'function pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.view')\nE       AssertionError: 'function r2e_tests.test_1.view' != 'function pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.view'\nE       - function r2e_tests.test_1.view\nE       + function pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.view\n\nr2e_tests/test_1.py:3383: AssertionError\n___________ RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_with_accept ____________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_2.RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests testMethod=test_add_route_with_accept>\n\n    def test_add_route_with_accept(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', accept='text/xml')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/xml')\n>       self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\nE       AssertionError: False != True\n\nr2e_tests/test_2.py:186: AssertionError\n_________ RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_with_accept_list _________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_2.RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests testMethod=test_add_route_with_accept_list>\n\n    def test_add_route_with_accept_list(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n>       config.add_route('name', 'path', accept=['text/xml', 'text/plain'])\n\nr2e_tests/test_2.py:193: \n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \npyramid/config/util.py:64: in wrapper\n    result = wrapped(self, *arg, **kw)\npyramid/config/routes.py:302: in add_route\n    accept = [accept_option.lower() for accept_option in accept]\n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \n\n.0 = <list_iterator object at 0x7eea5629d4c0>\n\n>   accept = [accept_option.lower() for accept_option in accept]\nE   AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'lower'\n\npyramid/config/routes.py:302: AttributeError\n__ AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_resource_url_adapter_dotted_names ___\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests testMethod=test_add_resource_url_adapter_dotted_names>\n\n    def test_add_resource_url_adapter_dotted_names(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IResourceURL\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_resource_url_adapter(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyResourceURL',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface',\n            )\n        iface = DummyIface()\n>       adapter = config.registry.getMultiAdapter((iface, iface),\n                                                    IResourceURL)\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_adapters.py:280: \n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \n\nself = <Registry r2e_tests.test_config>\nobjects = (<r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface object at 0x7eea55f116d0>, <r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface object at 0x7eea55f116d0>)\ninterface = <InterfaceClass pyramid.interfaces.IResourceURL>, name = ''\n\n    def getMultiAdapter(self, objects, interface, name=''):\n        adapter = self.adapters.queryMultiAdapter(objects, interface, name)\n        if adapter is None:\n>           raise ComponentLookupError(objects, interface, name)\nE           zope.interface.interfaces.ComponentLookupError: ((<r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface object at 0x7eea55f116d0>, <r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface object at 0x7eea55f116d0>), <InterfaceClass pyramid.interfaces.IResourceURL>, '')\n\n.venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/zope/interface/registry.py:379: ComponentLookupError\n_ AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_resource_url_adapter_introspectables _\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests testMethod=test_add_resource_url_adapter_introspectables>\n\n    def test_add_resource_url_adapter_introspectables(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_resource_url_adapter(DummyResourceURL, DummyIface)\n        actions = config.action_state.actions\n        self.assertEqual(len(actions), 1)\n        intrs  = actions[0]['introspectables']\n        self.assertEqual(len(intrs), 1)\n        intr = intrs[0]\n        self.assertEqual(intr.type_name, 'resource url adapter')\n        self.assertEqual(intr.discriminator,\n                         ('resource url adapter', DummyIface))\n        self.assertEqual(intr.category_name, 'resource url adapters')\n>       self.assertEqual(\n            intr.title,\n            \"resource url adapter for resource iface \"\n            \"<class 'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface'>\"\n            )\nE       AssertionError: \"reso[34 chars]e <class 'r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface'>\" != \"reso[34 chars]e <class 'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface'>\"\nE       - resource url adapter for resource iface <class 'r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface'>\nE       ?                                                  ^^^\nE       + resource url adapter for resource iface <class 'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface'>\nE       ?                                                 ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_adapters.py:326: AssertionError\n________ AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_traverser_dotted_names ________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests testMethod=test_add_traverser_dotted_names>\n\n    def test_add_traverser_dotted_names(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ITraverser\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_traverser(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyTraverser',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface')\n        iface = DummyIface()\n>       traverser = config.registry.getAdapter(iface, ITraverser)\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_adapters.py:237: \n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \n\nself = <Registry r2e_tests.test_config>\nobject = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface object at 0x7eea55dd47f0>\ninterface = <InterfaceClass pyramid.interfaces.ITraverser>, name = ''\n\n    def getAdapter(self, object, interface, name=''):\n        adapter = self.adapters.queryAdapter(object, interface, name)\n        if adapter is None:\n>           raise ComponentLookupError(object, interface, name)\nE           zope.interface.interfaces.ComponentLookupError: (<r2e_tests.test_config.test_adapters.DummyIface object at 0x7eea55dd47f0>, <InterfaceClass pyramid.interfaces.ITraverser>, '')\n\n.venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/zope/interface/registry.py:368: ComponentLookupError\n___ TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_directory_with_directory ___\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_assets.TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_override_asset_directory_with_directory>\n\n    def test_override_asset_directory_with_directory(self):\n        from pyramid.config.assets import PackageAssetSource\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        override = DummyUnderOverride()\n        config.override_asset(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset:templates/',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset.subpackage:templates/',\n            _override=override)\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs import asset\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset import subpackage\n        self.assertEqual(override.package, asset)\n        self.assertEqual(override.path, 'templates/')\n        source = override.source\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(source, PackageAssetSource))\n        self.assertEqual(source.package, subpackage)\n        self.assertEqual(source.prefix, 'templates/')\n    \n        resource_name = 'bar.pt'\n        expected = os.path.join(here, 'pkgs', 'asset',\n                                'subpackage', 'templates', 'bar.pt')\n>       self.assertEqual(override.source.get_filename(resource_name),\n                         expected)\nE       AssertionError: '/hom[90 chars]a464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subp[19 chars]r.pt' != '/hom[90 chars]a464/r2e_tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpacka[15 chars]r.pt'\nE       - /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpackage/templates/bar.pt\nE       ?                                                                                                    -- ^^^^^\nE       + /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpackage/templates/bar.pt\nE       ?                                                                                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py:106: AssertionError\n____ TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_directory_with_package ____\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_assets.TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_override_asset_directory_with_package>\n\n    def test_override_asset_directory_with_package(self):\n        from pyramid.config.assets import PackageAssetSource\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        override = DummyUnderOverride()\n        config.override_asset(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset:templates/',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset.subpackage',\n            _override=override)\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs import asset\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset import subpackage\n        self.assertEqual(override.package, asset)\n        self.assertEqual(override.path, 'templates/')\n        source = override.source\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(source, PackageAssetSource))\n        self.assertEqual(source.package, subpackage)\n        self.assertEqual(source.prefix, '')\n    \n        resource_name = 'templates/bar.pt'\n        expected = os.path.join(here, 'pkgs', 'asset',\n                                'subpackage', 'templates', 'bar.pt')\n>       self.assertEqual(override.source.get_filename(resource_name),\n                         expected)\nE       AssertionError: '/hom[90 chars]a464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subp[19 chars]r.pt' != '/hom[90 chars]a464/r2e_tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpacka[15 chars]r.pt'\nE       - /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpackage/templates/bar.pt\nE       ?                                                                                                    -- ^^^^^\nE       + /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpackage/templates/bar.pt\nE       ?                                                                                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py:129: AssertionError\n________ TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_file_with_file ________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_assets.TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_override_asset_file_with_file>\n\n    def test_override_asset_file_with_file(self):\n        from pyramid.config.assets import PackageAssetSource\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        override = DummyUnderOverride()\n        config.override_asset(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset:templates/foo.pt',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset.subpackage:templates/bar.pt',\n            _override=override)\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs import asset\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset import subpackage\n        self.assertEqual(override.package, asset)\n        self.assertEqual(override.path, 'templates/foo.pt')\n        source = override.source\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(source, PackageAssetSource))\n        self.assertEqual(source.package, subpackage)\n        self.assertEqual(source.prefix, 'templates/bar.pt')\n    \n        resource_name = ''\n        expected = os.path.join(here, 'pkgs', 'asset',\n                                'subpackage', 'templates', 'bar.pt')\n>       self.assertEqual(override.source.get_filename(resource_name),\n                         expected)\nE       AssertionError: '/hom[90 chars]a464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subp[19 chars]r.pt' != '/hom[90 chars]a464/r2e_tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpacka[15 chars]r.pt'\nE       - /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpackage/templates/bar.pt\nE       ?                                                                                                    -- ^^^^^\nE       + /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpackage/templates/bar.pt\nE       ?                                                                                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py:60: AssertionError\n____ TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_package_with_directory ____\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_assets.TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_override_asset_package_with_directory>\n\n    def test_override_asset_package_with_directory(self):\n        from pyramid.config.assets import PackageAssetSource\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        override = DummyUnderOverride()\n        config.override_asset(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset.subpackage:templates/',\n            _override=override)\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs import asset\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset import subpackage\n        self.assertEqual(override.package, asset)\n        self.assertEqual(override.path, '')\n        source = override.source\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(source, PackageAssetSource))\n        self.assertEqual(source.package, subpackage)\n        self.assertEqual(source.prefix, 'templates/')\n    \n        resource_name = 'bar.pt'\n        expected = os.path.join(here, 'pkgs', 'asset',\n                                'subpackage', 'templates', 'bar.pt')\n>       self.assertEqual(override.source.get_filename(resource_name),\n                         expected)\nE       AssertionError: '/hom[90 chars]a464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subp[19 chars]r.pt' != '/hom[90 chars]a464/r2e_tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpacka[15 chars]r.pt'\nE       - /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpackage/templates/bar.pt\nE       ?                                                                                                    -- ^^^^^\nE       + /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpackage/templates/bar.pt\nE       ?                                                                                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py:152: AssertionError\n_____ TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_package_with_package _____\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_assets.TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_override_asset_package_with_package>\n\n    def test_override_asset_package_with_package(self):\n        from pyramid.config.assets import PackageAssetSource\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        override = DummyUnderOverride()\n        config.override_asset(\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset.subpackage',\n            _override=override)\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs import asset\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs.asset import subpackage\n        self.assertEqual(override.package, asset)\n        self.assertEqual(override.path, '')\n        source = override.source\n        self.assertTrue(isinstance(source, PackageAssetSource))\n        self.assertEqual(source.package, subpackage)\n        self.assertEqual(source.prefix, '')\n    \n        resource_name = 'templates/bar.pt'\n        expected = os.path.join(here, 'pkgs', 'asset',\n                                'subpackage', 'templates', 'bar.pt')\n>       self.assertEqual(override.source.get_filename(resource_name),\n                         expected)\nE       AssertionError: '/hom[90 chars]a464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subp[19 chars]r.pt' != '/hom[90 chars]a464/r2e_tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpacka[15 chars]r.pt'\nE       - /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpackage/templates/bar.pt\nE       ?                                                                                                    -- ^^^^^\nE       + /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/pkgs/asset/subpackage/templates/bar.pt\nE       ?                                                                                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py:83: AssertionError\n_________ TestOverrideProvider.test_get_resource_filename_no_overrides _________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_assets.TestOverrideProvider testMethod=test_get_resource_filename_no_overrides>\n\n    def test_get_resource_filename_no_overrides(self):\n        resource_name = 'test_assets.py'\n        import pyramid.tests.test_config\n        provider = self._makeOne(pyramid.tests.test_config)\n        expected = os.path.join(here, resource_name)\n        result = provider.get_resource_filename(None, resource_name)\n>       self.assertEqual(result, expected)\nE       AssertionError: '/hom[73 chars]54b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/test_assets.py' != '/hom[73 chars]54b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py'\nE       - /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/test_assets.py\nE       ?                                                                                                    -- ^^^^^\nE       + /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py\nE       ?                                                                                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py:297: AssertionError\n____ TestOverrideProvider.test_get_resource_filename_override_returns_None _____\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_assets.TestOverrideProvider testMethod=test_get_resource_filename_override_returns_None>\n\n    def test_get_resource_filename_override_returns_None(self):\n        overrides = DummyOverrides(None)\n        self._registerOverrides(overrides)\n        resource_name = 'test_assets.py'\n        import pyramid.tests.test_config\n        provider = self._makeOne(pyramid.tests.test_config)\n        expected = os.path.join(here, resource_name)\n        result = provider.get_resource_filename(None, resource_name)\n>       self.assertEqual(result, expected)\nE       AssertionError: '/hom[73 chars]54b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/test_assets.py' != '/hom[73 chars]54b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py'\nE       - /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/test_assets.py\nE       ?                                                                                                    -- ^^^^^\nE       + /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py\nE       ?                                                                                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py:345: AssertionError\n___________________ TestPackageAssetSource.test_get_filename ___________________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_assets.TestPackageAssetSource testMethod=test_get_filename>\n\n    def test_get_filename(self):\n        source = self._makeOne('')\n>       self.assertEqual(source.get_filename('test_assets.py'),\n                         os.path.join(here, 'test_assets.py'))\nE       AssertionError: '/hom[73 chars]54b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/test_assets.py' != '/hom[73 chars]54b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py'\nE       - /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/test_assets.py\nE       ?                                                                                                    -- ^^^^^\nE       + /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py\nE       ?                                                                                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py:716: AssertionError\n_____________ TestPackageAssetSource.test_get_filename_with_prefix _____________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_assets.TestPackageAssetSource testMethod=test_get_filename_with_prefix>\n\n    def test_get_filename_with_prefix(self):\n        source = self._makeOne('test_assets.py')\n>       self.assertEqual(source.get_filename(''),\n                         os.path.join(here, 'test_assets.py'))\nE       AssertionError: '/hom[73 chars]54b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/test_assets.py' != '/hom[73 chars]54b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py'\nE       - /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/test_assets.py\nE       ?                                                                                                    -- ^^^^^\nE       + /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py\nE       ?                                                                                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py:721: AssertionError\n_________ TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_abspath __________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_i18n.TestI18NConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_add_translation_dirs_abspath>\n\n    def test_add_translation_dirs_abspath(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ITranslationDirectories\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n>       config.add_translation_dirs(locale)\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py:102: \n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \npyramid/config/util.py:64: in wrapper\n    result = wrapped(self, *arg, **kw)\npyramid/config/i18n.py:119: in add_translation_dirs\n    self.action(None, register, introspectables=introspectables)\npyramid/config/__init__.py:630: in action\n    callable(*args, **kw)\n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \n\n    def register():\n        directories = []\n        resolver = AssetResolver(self.package_name)\n    \n        # defer spec resolution until register to allow for asset\n        # overrides to take place in an earlier config phase\n        for spec in specs:\n            # the trailing slash helps match asset overrides for folders\n            if not spec.endswith('/'):\n                spec += '/'\n            asset = resolver.resolve(spec)\n            directory = asset.abspath()\n            if not asset.isdir():\n>               raise ConfigurationError('\"%s\" is not a directory' %\n                                        directory)\nE               pyramid.exceptions.ConfigurationError: \"/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale\" is not a directory\n\npyramid/config/i18n.py:100: ConfigurationError\n________ TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_asset_spec ________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_i18n.TestI18NConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_add_translation_dirs_asset_spec>\n\n    def test_add_translation_dirs_asset_spec(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ITranslationDirectories\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_translation_dirs('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale')\n>       self.assertEqual(config.registry.getUtility(ITranslationDirectories),\n                         [locale])\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['/ho[70 chars]cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'] != ['/ho[70 chars]cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale']\nE       \nE       First differing element 0:\nE       '/hom[68 chars]2cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'\nE       '/hom[68 chars]2cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'\nE       \nE       - ['/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale']\nE       ?                                                                                                      -- ^^^^^\nE       \nE       + ['/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale']\nE       ?                                                                                                       ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py:53: AssertionError\n_ TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_asset_spec_existing_translation_dirs _\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_i18n.TestI18NConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_add_translation_dirs_asset_spec_existing_translation_dirs>\n\n    def test_add_translation_dirs_asset_spec_existing_translation_dirs(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ITranslationDirectories\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        directories = ['abc']\n        config.registry.registerUtility(directories, ITranslationDirectories)\n        config.add_translation_dirs('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale')\n        result = config.registry.getUtility(ITranslationDirectories)\n>       self.assertEqual(result, [locale, 'abc'])\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['/ho[77 chars]404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale', 'abc'] != ['/ho[77 chars]404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale', 'abc']\nE       \nE       First differing element 0:\nE       '/hom[68 chars]2cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'\nE       '/hom[68 chars]2cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'\nE       \nE       - ['/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale',\nE       ?                                                                                                      -- ^^^^^\nE       \nE       + ['/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale',\nE       ?                                                                                                       ^^^\nE       \nE          'abc']\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py:63: AssertionError\n_ TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_doesnt_use_override_w_autocommit _\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_i18n.TestI18NConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_add_translation_dirs_doesnt_use_override_w_autocommit>\n\n    def test_add_translation_dirs_doesnt_use_override_w_autocommit(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ITranslationDirectories\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_translation_dirs('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale')\n        config.override_asset('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale/',\n                              'pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale2/')\n>       self.assertEqual(config.registry.getUtility(ITranslationDirectories),\n                         [locale])\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['/ho[70 chars]cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'] != ['/ho[70 chars]cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale']\nE       \nE       First differing element 0:\nE       '/hom[68 chars]2cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'\nE       '/hom[68 chars]2cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'\nE       \nE       - ['/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale']\nE       ?                                                                                                      -- ^^^^^\nE       \nE       + ['/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale']\nE       ?                                                                                                       ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py:122: AssertionError\n______ TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_multiple_specs ______\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_i18n.TestI18NConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_add_translation_dirs_multiple_specs>\n\n    def test_add_translation_dirs_multiple_specs(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ITranslationDirectories\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_translation_dirs('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale',\n                                    'pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale2')\n>       self.assertEqual(config.registry.getUtility(ITranslationDirectories),\n                         [locale, locale2])\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['/ho[91 chars]a464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale', '/h[130 chars]le2'] != ['/ho[91 chars]a464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale', '/home/[122 chars]le2']\nE       \nE       First differing element 0:\nE       '/hom[68 chars]2cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'\nE       '/hom[68 chars]2cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'\nE       \nE       Diff is 1002 characters long. Set self.maxDiff to None to see it.\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py:70: AssertionError\n_ TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_multiple_specs_multiple_calls _\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_i18n.TestI18NConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_add_translation_dirs_multiple_specs_multiple_calls>\n\n    def test_add_translation_dirs_multiple_specs_multiple_calls(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ITranslationDirectories\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_translation_dirs('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale',\n                                    'pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale2')\n        config.add_translation_dirs('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale3')\n>       self.assertEqual(config.registry.getUtility(ITranslationDirectories),\n                         [locale3, locale, locale2])\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['/ho[91 chars]a464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale3', '/[269 chars]le2'] != ['/ho[91 chars]a464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale3', '/home[257 chars]le2']\nE       \nE       First differing element 0:\nE       '/hom[69 chars]cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale3'\nE       '/hom[69 chars]cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale3'\nE       \nE       Diff is 1504 characters long. Set self.maxDiff to None to see it.\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py:79: AssertionError\n_ TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_override_multiple_specs_multiple_calls _\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_i18n.TestI18NConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_add_translation_dirs_override_multiple_specs_multiple_calls>\n\n    def test_add_translation_dirs_override_multiple_specs_multiple_calls(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ITranslationDirectories\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_translation_dirs('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale',\n                                    'pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale2')\n        config.add_translation_dirs('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale3',\n                                    override=True)\n>       self.assertEqual(config.registry.getUtility(ITranslationDirectories),\n                         [locale, locale2, locale3])\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['/ho[91 chars]a464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale', '/h[269 chars]le3'] != ['/ho[91 chars]a464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale', '/home/[257 chars]le3']\nE       \nE       First differing element 0:\nE       '/hom[68 chars]2cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'\nE       '/hom[68 chars]2cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale'\nE       \nE       Diff is 1504 characters long. Set self.maxDiff to None to see it.\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py:89: AssertionError\n_ TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_uses_override_out_of_order _\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_i18n.TestI18NConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_add_translation_dirs_uses_override_out_of_order>\n\n    def test_add_translation_dirs_uses_override_out_of_order(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ITranslationDirectories\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        config.add_translation_dirs('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale')\n        config.override_asset('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale/',\n                              'pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale2/')\n        config.commit()\n>       self.assertEqual(config.registry.getUtility(ITranslationDirectories),\n                         [locale2])\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['/ho[71 chars]ee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2'] != ['/ho[71 chars]ee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2']\nE       \nE       First differing element 0:\nE       '/hom[69 chars]cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2'\nE       '/hom[69 chars]cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2'\nE       \nE       - ['/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2']\nE       ?                                                                                                      -- ^^^^^\nE       \nE       + ['/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2']\nE       ?                                                                                                       ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py:113: AssertionError\n_ TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_uses_override_w_autocommit _\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_i18n.TestI18NConfiguratorMixin testMethod=test_add_translation_dirs_uses_override_w_autocommit>\n\n    def test_add_translation_dirs_uses_override_w_autocommit(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ITranslationDirectories\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.override_asset('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale/',\n                              'pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale2/')\n        config.add_translation_dirs('pyramid.tests.pkgs.localeapp:locale')\n>       self.assertEqual(config.registry.getUtility(ITranslationDirectories),\n                         [locale2])\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['/ho[71 chars]ee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2'] != ['/ho[71 chars]ee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2']\nE       \nE       First differing element 0:\nE       '/hom[69 chars]cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2'\nE       '/hom[69 chars]cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2'\nE       \nE       - ['/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2']\nE       ?                                                                                                      -- ^^^^^\nE       \nE       + ['/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/pkgs/localeapp/locale2']\nE       ?                                                                                                       ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py:131: AssertionError\n___________________ ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_no_registry ____________________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.ConfiguratorTests testMethod=test_ctor_no_registry>\n\n    def test_ctor_no_registry(self):\n        import sys\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRendererFactory\n        config = Configurator()\n        this_pkg = sys.modules['pyramid.tests.test_config']\n        self.assertTrue(config.registry.getUtility(ISettings))\n>       self.assertEqual(config.package, this_pkg)\nE       AssertionError: <module 'r2e_tests.test_config' from '/home/gcpuse[117 chars].py'> != <module 'pyramid.tests.test_config' from '/home/gc[125 chars].py'>\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:68: AssertionError\n_________ ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_noreg_debug_logger_None_default __________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.ConfiguratorTests testMethod=test_ctor_noreg_debug_logger_None_default>\n\n    def test_ctor_noreg_debug_logger_None_default(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IDebugLogger\n        config = self._makeOne()\n        logger = config.registry.getUtility(IDebugLogger)\n>       self.assertEqual(logger.name, 'pyramid.tests.test_config')\nE       AssertionError: 'r2e_tests.test_config' != 'pyramid.tests.test_config'\nE       - r2e_tests.test_config\nE       ?  ^^^\nE       + pyramid.tests.test_config\nE       ? ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:181: AssertionError\n_____________ ConfiguratorTests.test_include_constant_root_package _____________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.ConfiguratorTests testMethod=test_include_constant_root_package>\n\n    def test_include_constant_root_package(self):\n        from pyramid import tests\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        config = self._makeOne(root_package=tests)\n        results = {}\n        def include(config):\n            results['package'] = config.package\n            results['root_package'] = config.root_package\n        config.include(include)\n        self.assertEqual(results['root_package'], tests)\n>       self.assertEqual(results['package'], test_config)\nE       AssertionError: <module 'r2e_tests.test_config' from '/home/gcpuse[117 chars].py'> != <module 'pyramid.tests.test_config' from '/home/gc[125 chars].py'>\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:834: AssertionError\n_______________ ConfiguratorTests.test_scan_integration_conflict _______________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.ConfiguratorTests testMethod=test_scan_integration_conflict>\n\n    def test_scan_integration_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs import selfscan\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        c = Configurator()\n        c.scan(selfscan)\n        c.scan(selfscan)\n        try:\n>           c.commit()\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:1106: \n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \npyramid/config/__init__.py:687: in commit\n    self.action_state.execute_actions(introspector=self.introspector)\npyramid/config/__init__.py:1187: in execute_actions\n    action = next(action_iter, None)\n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \n\nactions = [{'args': (), 'callable': <function ViewsConfiguratorMixin.add_view.<locals>.register at 0x7eea559983a0>, 'discriminat...ea55e4cd30>, 'discriminator': ('view', None, 'two', None, 'd41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e'), 'includepath': (), ...}]\nstate = <pyramid.config.ConflictResolverState object at 0x7eea5620b4f0>\n\n    def resolveConflicts(actions, state=None):\n        \"\"\"Resolve conflicting actions\n    \n        Given an actions list, identify and try to resolve conflicting actions.\n        Actions conflict if they have the same non-None discriminator.\n    \n        Conflicting actions can be resolved if the include path of one of\n        the actions is a prefix of the includepaths of the other\n        conflicting actions and is unequal to the include paths in the\n        other conflicting actions.\n    \n        Actions are resolved on a per-order basis because some discriminators\n        cannot be computed until earlier actions have executed. An action in an\n        earlier order may execute successfully only to find out later that it was\n        overridden by another action with a smaller include path. This will result\n        in a conflict as there is no way to revert the original action.\n    \n        ``state`` may be an instance of ``ConflictResolverState`` that\n        can be used to resume execution and resolve the new actions against the\n        list of executed actions from a previous call.\n    \n        \"\"\"\n        if state is None:\n            state = ConflictResolverState()\n    \n        # pick up where we left off last time, but track the new actions as well\n        state.remaining_actions.extend(normalize_actions(actions))\n        actions = state.remaining_actions\n    \n        def orderandpos(v):\n            n, v = v\n            return (v['order'] or 0, n)\n    \n        def orderonly(v):\n            n, v = v\n            return v['order'] or 0\n    \n        sactions = sorted(enumerate(actions, start=state.start), key=orderandpos)\n        for order, actiongroup in itertools.groupby(sactions, orderonly):\n            # \"order\" is an integer grouping. Actions in a lower order will be\n            # executed before actions in a higher order.  All of the actions in\n            # one grouping will be executed (its callable, if any will be called)\n            # before any of the actions in the next.\n            output = []\n            unique = {}\n    \n            # error out if we went backward in order\n            if state.min_order is not None and order < state.min_order:\n                r = ['Actions were added to order={0} after execution had moved '\n                     'on to order={1}. Conflicting actions: '\n                     .format(order, state.min_order)]\n                for i, action in actiongroup:\n                    for line in str(action['info']).rstrip().split('\\n'):\n                        r.append(\"  \" + line)\n                raise ConfigurationError('\\n'.join(r))\n    \n            for i, action in actiongroup:\n                # Within an order, actions are executed sequentially based on\n                # original action ordering (\"i\").\n    \n                # \"ainfo\" is a tuple of (i, action) where \"i\" is an integer\n                # expressing the relative position of this action in the action\n                # list being resolved, and \"action\" is an action dictionary.  The\n                # purpose of an ainfo is to associate an \"i\" with a particular\n                # action; \"i\" exists for sorting after conflict resolution.\n                ainfo = (i, action)\n    \n                # wait to defer discriminators until we are on their order because\n                # the discriminator may depend on state from a previous order\n                discriminator = undefer(action['discriminator'])\n                action['discriminator'] = discriminator\n    \n                if discriminator is None:\n                    # The discriminator is None, so this action can never conflict.\n                    # We can add it directly to the result.\n                    output.append(ainfo)\n                    continue\n    \n                L = unique.setdefault(discriminator, [])\n                L.append(ainfo)\n    \n            # Check for conflicts\n            conflicts = {}\n            for discriminator, ainfos in unique.items():\n                # We use (includepath, i) as a sort key because we need to\n                # sort the actions by the paths so that the shortest path with a\n                # given prefix comes first.  The \"first\" action is the one with the\n                # shortest include path.  We break sorting ties using \"i\".\n                def bypath(ainfo):\n                    path, i = ainfo[1]['includepath'], ainfo[0]\n                    return path, order, i\n    \n                ainfos.sort(key=bypath)\n                ainfo, rest = ainfos[0], ainfos[1:]\n                _, action = ainfo\n    \n                # ensure this new action does not conflict with a previously\n                # resolved action from an earlier order / invocation\n                prev_ainfo = state.resolved_ainfos.get(discriminator)\n                if prev_ainfo is not None:\n                    _, paction = prev_ainfo\n                    basepath, baseinfo = paction['includepath'], paction['info']\n                    includepath = action['includepath']\n                    # if the new action conflicts with the resolved action then\n                    # note the conflict, otherwise drop the action as it's\n                    # effectively overriden by the previous action\n                    if (includepath[:len(basepath)] != basepath or\n                            includepath == basepath):\n                        L = conflicts.setdefault(discriminator, [baseinfo])\n                        L.append(action['info'])\n    \n                else:\n                    output.append(ainfo)\n    \n                basepath, baseinfo = action['includepath'], action['info']\n                for _, action in rest:\n                    includepath = action['includepath']\n                    # Test whether path is a prefix of opath\n                    if (includepath[:len(basepath)] != basepath or  # not a prefix\n                            includepath == basepath):\n                        L = conflicts.setdefault(discriminator, [baseinfo])\n                        L.append(action['info'])\n    \n            if conflicts:\n>               raise ConfigurationConflictError(conflicts)\nE               pyramid.exceptions.ConfigurationConflictError: Conflicting configuration actions\nE                 For: ('view', None, '', None, 'd41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e')\nE                   Line 4 of file /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/selfscan/__init__.py:\nE                       def abc(request):\nE                   Line 4 of file /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/selfscan/__init__.py:\nE                       def abc(request):\nE                 For: ('view', None, 'two', None, 'd41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e')\nE                   Line 4 of file /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/selfscan/another.py:\nE                       def two(request):\nE                   Line 4 of file /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_config/pkgs/selfscan/another.py:\nE                       def two(request):\n\npyramid/config/__init__.py:1369: ConfigurationConflictError\n\nDuring handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.ConfiguratorTests testMethod=test_scan_integration_conflict>\n\n    def test_scan_integration_conflict(self):\n        from pyramid.tests.test_config.pkgs import selfscan\n        from pyramid.config import Configurator\n        c = Configurator()\n        c.scan(selfscan)\n        c.scan(selfscan)\n        try:\n            c.commit()\n        except ConfigurationConflictError as why:\n            def scanconflicts(e):\n                conflicts = e._conflicts.values()\n                for conflict in conflicts:\n                    for confinst in conflict:\n                        yield confinst.src\n            which = list(scanconflicts(why))\n            self.assertEqual(len(which), 4)\n>           self.assertTrue(\"@view_config(renderer='string')\" in which)\nE           AssertionError: False is not true\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:1115: AssertionError\n_______ ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_debug_logger_None_default ________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.ConfiguratorTests testMethod=test_setup_registry_debug_logger_None_default>\n\n    def test_setup_registry_debug_logger_None_default(self):\n        from pyramid.registry import Registry\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IDebugLogger\n        reg = Registry()\n        config = self._makeOne(reg)\n        config.setup_registry()\n        logger = reg.getUtility(IDebugLogger)\n>       self.assertEqual(logger.name, 'pyramid.tests.test_config')\nE       AssertionError: 'r2e_tests.test_config' != 'pyramid.tests.test_config'\nE       - r2e_tests.test_config\nE       ?  ^^^\nE       + pyramid.tests.test_config\nE       ? ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:501: AssertionError\n____ TestConfigurator_add_directive.test_add_directive_with_custom_callable ____\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.TestConfigurator_add_directive testMethod=test_add_directive_with_custom_callable>\n\n    def test_add_directive_with_custom_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        config = self.config\n        config.add_directive(\n                'dummy_callable', 'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_callable')\n        self.assertTrue(hasattr(config, 'dummy_callable'))\n        config.dummy_callable('discrim')\n        after = config.action_state\n        action = after.actions[-1]\n        self.assertEqual(action['discriminator'], 'discrim')\n        self.assertEqual(action['callable'], None)\n>       self.assertEqual(action['args'], test_config)\nE       AssertionError: <module 'r2e_tests.test_config' from '/home/gcpuse[117 chars].py'> != <module 'pyramid.tests.test_config' from '/home/gc[125 chars].py'>\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:1314: AssertionError\n________ TestConfigurator_add_directive.test_add_directive_with_partial ________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.TestConfigurator_add_directive testMethod=test_add_directive_with_partial>\n\n    def test_add_directive_with_partial(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        config = self.config\n        config.add_directive(\n                'dummy_partial', 'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_partial')\n        self.assertTrue(hasattr(config, 'dummy_partial'))\n        config.dummy_partial()\n        after = config.action_state\n        action = after.actions[-1]\n        self.assertEqual(action['discriminator'], 'partial')\n        self.assertEqual(action['callable'], None)\n>       self.assertEqual(action['args'], test_config)\nE       AssertionError: <module 'r2e_tests.test_config' from '/home/gcpuse[117 chars].py'> != <module 'pyramid.tests.test_config' from '/home/gc[125 chars].py'>\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:1301: AssertionError\n_________ TestConfigurator_add_directive.test_extend_with_dotted_name __________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.TestConfigurator_add_directive testMethod=test_extend_with_dotted_name>\n\n    def test_extend_with_dotted_name(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        config = self.config\n        config.add_directive(\n            'dummy_extend', 'pyramid.tests.test_config.dummy_extend')\n        self.assertTrue(hasattr(config, 'dummy_extend'))\n        config.dummy_extend('discrim')\n        after = config.action_state\n        action = after.actions[-1]\n        self.assertEqual(action['discriminator'], 'discrim')\n        self.assertEqual(action['callable'], None)\n>       self.assertEqual(action['args'], test_config)\nE       AssertionError: <module 'r2e_tests.test_config' from '/home/gcpuse[117 chars].py'> != <module 'pyramid.tests.test_config' from '/home/gc[125 chars].py'>\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:1288: AssertionError\n_______ TestConfigurator_add_directive.test_extend_with_python_callable ________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.TestConfigurator_add_directive testMethod=test_extend_with_python_callable>\n\n    def test_extend_with_python_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        config = self.config\n        config.add_directive(\n            'dummy_extend', dummy_extend)\n        self.assertTrue(hasattr(config, 'dummy_extend'))\n        config.dummy_extend('discrim')\n        after = config.action_state\n        action = after.actions[-1]\n        self.assertEqual(action['discriminator'], 'discrim')\n        self.assertEqual(action['callable'], None)\n>       self.assertEqual(action['args'], test_config)\nE       AssertionError: <module 'r2e_tests.test_config' from '/home/gcpuse[117 chars].py'> != <module 'pyramid.tests.test_config' from '/home/gc[125 chars].py'>\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:1327: AssertionError\n_________ TestConfigurator__add_predicate.test_factory_as_dotted_name __________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.TestConfigurator__add_predicate testMethod=test_factory_as_dotted_name>\n\n    def test_factory_as_dotted_name(self):\n        config = self._makeOne()\n    \n        def _fakeAction(discriminator, callable=None, args=(),\n                        kw=None, order=0, introspectables=(), **extra):\n            self.assertEqual(len(introspectables), 1)\n            self.assertEqual(introspectables[0]['name'], 'testing')\n            self.assertEqual(introspectables[0]['factory'], DummyPredicate)\n    \n        config.action = _fakeAction\n>       config._add_predicate(\n            'route',\n            'testing',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_init.DummyPredicate'\n            )\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:1391: \n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \npyramid/config/__init__.py:560: in _add_predicate\n    self.action(discriminator, register, introspectables=(intr,),\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py:1388: in _fakeAction\n    self.assertEqual(introspectables[0]['factory'], DummyPredicate)\nE   AssertionError: <class 'pyramid.tests.test_config.test_init.DummyPredicate'> != <class 'r2e_tests.test_config.test_init.DummyPredicate'>\n___________ RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_with_accept ____________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_routes.RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests testMethod=test_add_route_with_accept>\n\n    def test_add_route_with_accept(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('name', 'path', accept='text/xml')\n        route = self._assertRoute(config, 'name', 'path', 1)\n        predicate = route.predicates[0]\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        request.accept = DummyAccept('text/xml')\n>       self.assertEqual(predicate(None, request), True)\nE       AssertionError: False != True\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_routes.py:186: AssertionError\n_________ RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_with_accept_list _________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_routes.RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests testMethod=test_add_route_with_accept_list>\n\n    def test_add_route_with_accept_list(self):\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n>       config.add_route('name', 'path', accept=['text/xml', 'text/plain'])\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_routes.py:193: \n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \npyramid/config/util.py:64: in wrapper\n    result = wrapped(self, *arg, **kw)\npyramid/config/routes.py:302: in add_route\n    accept = [accept_option.lower() for accept_option in accept]\n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \n\n.0 = <list_iterator object at 0x7eea5627b820>\n\n>   accept = [accept_option.lower() for accept_option in accept]\nE   AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'lower'\n\npyramid/config/routes.py:302: AttributeError\n____ TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_static_view_package_here_relative ____\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_views.TestViewsConfigurationMixin testMethod=test_add_static_view_package_here_relative>\n\n    def test_add_static_view_package_here_relative(self):\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IStaticURLInfo\n        info = DummyStaticURLInfo()\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        config.registry.registerUtility(info, IStaticURLInfo)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'files')\n>       self.assertEqual(\n            info.added,\n            [(config, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})])\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: [(<py[39 chars]eea56863c10>, 'static', 'r2e_tests.test_config:files', {})] != [(<py[39 chars]eea56863c10>, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})]\nE       \nE       First differing element 0:\nE       (<pyr[37 chars]7eea56863c10>, 'static', 'r2e_tests.test_config:files', {})\nE       (<pyr[37 chars]7eea56863c10>, 'static', 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files', {})\nE       \nE         [(<pyramid.config.Configurator object at 0x7eea56863c10>,\nE           'static',\nE       -   'r2e_tests.test_config:files',\nE       ?     ^^^\nE       \nE       +   'pyramid.tests.test_config:files',\nE       ?    ++ ^^^^^\nE       \nE           {})]\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py:2066: AssertionError\n_______ TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_template_renderer _______\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_views.TestViewsConfigurationMixin testMethod=test_add_view_with_template_renderer>\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        class view(object):\n            def __init__(self, context, request):\n                self.request = request\n                self.context = context\n    \n            def __call__(self):\n                return {'a':'1'}\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=view, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n>       self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\nE       AssertionError: <module 'r2e_tests.test_config' from '/home/gcpuse[117 chars].py'> != <module 'pyramid.tests.test_config' from '/home/gc[125 chars].py'>\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py:1187: AssertionError\n_ TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable _\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_views.TestViewsConfigurationMixin testMethod=test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable>\n\n    def test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable(self):\n        from pyramid.tests import test_config\n        from pyramid.interfaces import ISettings\n        config = self._makeOne(autocommit=True)\n        renderer = self._registerRenderer(config)\n        fixture = 'pyramid.tests.test_config:files/minimal.txt'\n        config.introspection = False\n        config.add_view(view=None, renderer=fixture)\n        wrapper = self._getViewCallable(config)\n        request = self._makeRequest(config)\n        result = wrapper(None, request)\n        self.assertEqual(result.body, b'Hello!')\n        settings = config.registry.queryUtility(ISettings)\n        result = renderer.info\n        self.assertEqual(result.registry, config.registry)\n        self.assertEqual(result.type, '.txt')\n>       self.assertEqual(result.package, test_config)\nE       AssertionError: <module 'r2e_tests.test_config' from '/home/gcpuse[117 chars].py'> != <module 'pyramid.tests.test_config' from '/home/gc[125 chars].py'>\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py:1228: AssertionError\n____________________________ TestMultiView.test_add ____________________________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_views.TestMultiView testMethod=test_add>\n\n    def test_add(self):\n        mv = self._makeOne()\n        mv.add('view', 100)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view2', 99)\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])\n        mv.add('view3', 100, accept='text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'], [(100, 'view3', None)])\n        mv.add('view4', 99, 'abc', accept='text/html')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/html'],\n                         [(99, 'view4', 'abc'), (100, 'view3', None)])\n        mv.add('view5', 100, accept='text/xml')\n        self.assertEqual(mv.media_views['text/xml'], [(100, 'view5', None)])\n        self.assertEqual(set(mv.accepts), set(['text/xml', 'text/html']))\n        self.assertEqual(mv.views, [(99, 'view2', None), (100, 'view', None)])\n>       mv.add('view6', 98, accept='text/*')\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py:2511: \n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \npyramid/config/views.py:145: in add\n    self.accepts = sort_accept_offers(accepts, accept_order)\npyramid/util.py:730: in sort_accept_offers\n    return sorted(offers, key=offer_sort_key)\npyramid/util.py:708: in offer_sort_key\n    parsed = Accept.parse_offer(value)\n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \n\ncls = <class 'webob.acceptparse.Accept'>, offer = 'text/*'\n\n    @classmethod\n    def parse_offer(cls, offer):\n        \"\"\"\n        Parse an offer into its component parts.\n    \n        :param offer: A media type or range in the format\n                      ``type/subtype[;params]``.\n        :return: A named tuple containing ``(*type*, *subtype*, *params*)``.\n    \n                 | *params* is a list containing ``(*parameter name*, *value*)``\n                   values.\n    \n        :raises ValueError: If the offer does not match the required format.\n    \n        \"\"\"\n        if isinstance(offer, AcceptOffer):\n            return offer\n        match = cls.media_type_compiled_re.match(offer)\n        if not match:\n            raise ValueError('Invalid value for an Accept offer.')\n    \n        groups = match.groups()\n        offer_type, offer_subtype = groups[0].split('/')\n        offer_params = cls._parse_media_type_params(\n            media_type_params_segment=groups[1],\n        )\n        if offer_type == '*' or offer_subtype == '*':\n>           raise ValueError('Invalid value for an Accept offer.')\nE           ValueError: Invalid value for an Accept offer.\n\n.venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/webob/acceptparse.py:460: ValueError\n_________ TestStaticURLInfo.test_generate_url_cachebust_with_overrides _________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_views.TestStaticURLInfo testMethod=test_generate_url_cachebust_with_overrides>\n\n    def test_generate_url_cachebust_with_overrides(self):\n        config = testing.setUp()\n        try:\n            request = testing.DummyRequest()\n            config.add_static_view('static', 'path')\n            config.override_asset(\n                'pyramid.tests.test_config:path/',\n                'pyramid.tests.test_config:other_path/')\n            def cb(val):\n                def cb_(request, subpath, kw):\n                    kw['_query'] = {'x': val}\n                    return subpath, kw\n                return cb_\n            config.add_cache_buster('path', cb('foo'))\n            result = request.static_url('path/foo.png')\n            self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=foo')\n            config.add_cache_buster('other_path', cb('bar'), explicit=True)\n            result = request.static_url('path/foo.png')\n>           self.assertEqual(result, 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=bar')\nE           AssertionError: 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=foo' != 'http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=bar'\nE           - http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=foo\nE           ?                                     ^^^\nE           + http://example.com/static/foo.png?x=bar\nE           ?                                     ^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py:3212: AssertionError\n___________________ Test_view_description.test_without_text ____________________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_config.test_views.Test_view_description testMethod=test_without_text>\n\n    def test_without_text(self):\n        def view(): pass\n        result = self._callFUT(view)\n>       self.assertEqual(result,\n                         'function pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.view')\nE       AssertionError: 'function r2e_tests.test_config.test_views.view' != 'function pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.view'\nE       - function r2e_tests.test_config.test_views.view\nE       ?           ^^^\nE       + function pyramid.tests.test_config.test_views.view\nE       ?          ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py:3383: AssertionError\n_________ TestPRoutesCommand.test_one_route_all_methods_view_only_post _________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.TestPRoutesCommand testMethod=test_one_route_all_methods_view_only_post>\n\n    def test_one_route_all_methods_view_only_post(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n    \n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n    \n        config = self._makeConfig(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(\n            route_name='foo',\n            view=view1,\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method='POST'\n        )\n    \n        command = self._makeOne()\n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        command.bootstrap = dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=config.registry)\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)\n        compare_to = L[-1].split()\n        expected = [\n            'foo', '/a/b',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST'\n        ]\n>       self.assertEqual(compare_to, expected)\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST'] != ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST']\nE       \nE       First differing element 2:\nE       'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       \nE       - ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST']\nE       ?                   ^^^\nE       \nE       + ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST']\nE       ?                  ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py:342: AssertionError\n_________ TestPRoutesCommand.test_one_route_only_post_view_all_methods _________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.TestPRoutesCommand testMethod=test_one_route_only_post_view_all_methods>\n\n    def test_one_route_only_post_view_all_methods(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n    \n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n    \n        config = self._makeConfig(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b', request_method='POST')\n        config.add_view(\n            route_name='foo',\n            view=view1,\n            renderer=nr,\n        )\n    \n        command = self._makeOne()\n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        command.bootstrap = dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=config.registry)\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)\n        compare_to = L[-1].split()\n        expected = [\n            'foo', '/a/b',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST'\n        ]\n>       self.assertEqual(compare_to, expected)\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST'] != ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST']\nE       \nE       First differing element 2:\nE       'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       \nE       - ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST']\nE       ?                   ^^^\nE       \nE       + ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST']\nE       ?                  ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py:369: AssertionError\n________ TestPRoutesCommand.test_one_route_only_post_view_post_and_get _________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.TestPRoutesCommand testMethod=test_one_route_only_post_view_post_and_get>\n\n    def test_one_route_only_post_view_post_and_get(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n    \n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n    \n        config = self._makeConfig(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b', request_method='POST')\n        config.add_view(\n            route_name='foo',\n            view=view1,\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=('POST', 'GET')\n        )\n    \n        command = self._makeOne()\n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        command.bootstrap = dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=config.registry)\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)\n        compare_to = L[-1].split()\n        expected = [\n            'foo', '/a/b',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST'\n        ]\n>       self.assertEqual(compare_to, expected)\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST'] != ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST']\nE       \nE       First differing element 2:\nE       'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       \nE       - ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST']\nE       ?                   ^^^\nE       \nE       + ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'POST']\nE       ?                  ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py:397: AssertionError\n_____ TestPRoutesCommand.test_one_route_with_long_name_one_view_registered _____\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.TestPRoutesCommand testMethod=test_one_route_with_long_name_one_view_registered>\n\n    def test_one_route_with_long_name_one_view_registered(self):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        registry = self._makeRegistry()\n    \n        def view():pass\n    \n        class IMyRoute(Interface):\n            pass\n    \n        registry.registerAdapter(\n            view,\n            (IViewClassifier, IMyRoute, Interface),\n            IView, ''\n        )\n    \n        registry.registerUtility(IMyRoute, IRouteRequest,\n                                 name='very_long_name_123')\n    \n        command = self._makeOne()\n        route = dummy.DummyRoute(\n            'very_long_name_123',\n            '/and_very_long_pattern_as_well'\n        )\n        mapper = dummy.DummyMapper(route)\n        command._get_mapper = lambda *arg: mapper\n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        command.bootstrap = dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=registry)\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)\n        compare_to = L[-1].split()[:3]\n>       self.assertEqual(\n            compare_to,\n            ['very_long_name_123',\n             '/and_very_long_pattern_as_well',\n             'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view']\n        )\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['ver[36 chars]ttern_as_well', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view'] != ['ver[36 chars]ttern_as_well', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view']\nE       \nE       First differing element 2:\nE       'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view'\nE       'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view'\nE       \nE         ['very_long_name_123',\nE          '/and_very_long_pattern_as_well',\nE       -  'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view']\nE       ?    ^^^\nE       \nE       +  'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view']\nE       ?   ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py:201: AssertionError\n______ TestPRoutesCommand.test_route_is_get_view_request_method_not_post _______\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.TestPRoutesCommand testMethod=test_route_is_get_view_request_method_not_post>\n\n    def test_route_is_get_view_request_method_not_post(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.config import not_\n    \n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n    \n        config = self._makeConfig(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b', request_method='GET')\n        config.add_view(\n            route_name='foo',\n            view=view1,\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=not_('POST')\n        )\n    \n        command = self._makeOne()\n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        command.bootstrap = dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=config.registry)\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)\n        compare_to = L[-1].split()\n        expected = [\n            'foo', '/a/b',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1',\n            'GET'\n        ]\n>       self.assertEqual(compare_to, expected)\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'GET'] != ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'GET']\nE       \nE       First differing element 2:\nE       'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       \nE       - ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'GET']\nE       ?                   ^^^\nE       \nE       + ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', 'GET']\nE       ?                  ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py:537: AssertionError\n____________ TestPRoutesCommand.test_route_request_method_mismatch _____________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.TestPRoutesCommand testMethod=test_route_request_method_mismatch>\n\n    def test_route_request_method_mismatch(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n    \n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n    \n        config = self._makeConfig(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b', request_method='POST')\n        config.add_view(\n            route_name='foo',\n            view=view1,\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method='GET'\n        )\n    \n        command = self._makeOne()\n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        command.bootstrap = dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=config.registry)\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)\n        compare_to = L[-1].split()\n        expected = [\n            'foo', '/a/b',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1',\n            '<route', 'mismatch>'\n        ]\n>       self.assertEqual(compare_to, expected)\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1[20 chars]ch>'] != ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.v[24 chars]ch>']\nE       \nE       First differing element 2:\nE       'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       \nE         ['foo',\nE          '/a/b',\nE       -  'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1',\nE       ?    ^^^\nE       \nE       +  'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1',\nE       ?   ++ ^^^^^\nE       \nE          '<route',\nE          'mismatch>']\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py:426: AssertionError\n__________________ TestPRoutesCommand.test_route_static_views __________________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.TestPRoutesCommand testMethod=test_route_static_views>\n\n    def test_route_static_views(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        config = self._makeConfig(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_static_view('static', 'static', cache_max_age=3600)\n        path2 = os.path.normpath('/var/www/static')\n        config.add_static_view(name='static2', path=path2)\n        config.add_static_view(\n            name='pyramid_scaffold',\n            path='pyramid:scaffolds/starter/+package+/static'\n        )\n    \n        command = self._makeOne()\n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        command.bootstrap = dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=config.registry)\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(len(L), 5)\n    \n        expected = [\n            ['__static/', '/static/*subpath',\n             'pyramid.tests.test_scripts:static/', '*'],\n            ['__static2/', '/static2/*subpath', path2 + os.sep, '*'],\n            ['__pyramid_scaffold/', '/pyramid_scaffold/*subpath',\n             'pyramid:scaffolds/starter/+package+/static/',  '*'],\n        ]\n    \n        for index, line in enumerate(L[2:]):\n            data = line.split()\n>           self.assertEqual(data, expected[index])\nE           AssertionError: Lists differ: ['__static/', '/static/*subpath', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts:static/', '*'] != ['__static/', '/static/*subpath', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts:static/', '*']\nE           \nE           First differing element 2:\nE           'r2e_tests.test_scripts:static/'\nE           'pyramid.tests.test_scripts:static/'\nE           \nE           - ['__static/', '/static/*subpath', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts:static/', '*']\nE           ?                                     ^^^\nE           \nE           + ['__static/', '/static/*subpath', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts:static/', '*']\nE           ?                                    ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py:457: AssertionError\n___________ TestPRoutesCommand.test_single_route_one_view_registered ___________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.TestPRoutesCommand testMethod=test_single_route_one_view_registered>\n\n    def test_single_route_one_view_registered(self):\n        from zope.interface import Interface\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier\n        from pyramid.interfaces import IView\n        registry = self._makeRegistry()\n    \n        def view():pass\n        class IMyRoute(Interface):\n            pass\n        registry.registerAdapter(view,\n                                 (IViewClassifier, IMyRoute, Interface),\n                                 IView, '')\n        registry.registerUtility(IMyRoute, IRouteRequest, name='a')\n        command = self._makeOne()\n        route = dummy.DummyRoute('a', '/a')\n        mapper = dummy.DummyMapper(route)\n        command._get_mapper = lambda *arg: mapper\n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        command.bootstrap = dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=registry)\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)\n        compare_to = L[-1].split()[:3]\n>       self.assertEqual(\n            compare_to,\n            ['a', '/a', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view']\n        )\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['a', '/a', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view'] != ['a', '/a', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view']\nE       \nE       First differing element 2:\nE       'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view'\nE       'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view'\nE       \nE       - ['a', '/a', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view']\nE       ?               ^^^\nE       \nE       + ['a', '/a', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view']\nE       ?              ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py:161: AssertionError\n______________________ TestPRoutesCommand.test_view_glob _______________________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.TestPRoutesCommand testMethod=test_view_glob>\n\n    def test_view_glob(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.config import not_\n    \n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n        def view2(context, request): return 'view2'\n    \n        config = self._makeConfig(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(\n            route_name='foo',\n            view=view1,\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=not_('POST')\n        )\n    \n        config.add_route('bar', '/b/a')\n        config.add_view(\n            route_name='bar',\n            view=view2,\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=not_('POST')\n        )\n    \n        command = self._makeOne()\n        command.args.glob = '*foo*'\n    \n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        command.bootstrap = dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=config.registry)\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)\n        compare_to = L[-1].split()\n        expected = [\n            'foo', '/a/b',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1',\n            '!POST,*'\n        ]\n>       self.assertEqual(compare_to, expected)\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', '!POST,*'] != ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', '!POST,*']\nE       \nE       First differing element 2:\nE       'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       \nE       - ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', '!POST,*']\nE       ?                   ^^^\nE       \nE       + ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', '!POST,*']\nE       ?                  ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py:608: AssertionError\n_____________ TestPRoutesCommand.test_view_request_method_not_post _____________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.TestPRoutesCommand testMethod=test_view_request_method_not_post>\n\n    def test_view_request_method_not_post(self):\n        from pyramid.renderers import null_renderer as nr\n        from pyramid.config import not_\n    \n        def view1(context, request): return 'view1'\n    \n        config = self._makeConfig(autocommit=True)\n        config.add_route('foo', '/a/b')\n        config.add_view(\n            route_name='foo',\n            view=view1,\n            renderer=nr,\n            request_method=not_('POST')\n        )\n    \n        command = self._makeOne()\n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        command.bootstrap = dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=config.registry)\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)\n        compare_to = L[-1].split()\n        expected = [\n            'foo', '/a/b',\n            'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1',\n            '!POST,*'\n        ]\n>       self.assertEqual(compare_to, expected)\nE       AssertionError: Lists differ: ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', '!POST,*'] != ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', '!POST,*']\nE       \nE       First differing element 2:\nE       'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1'\nE       \nE       - ['foo', '/a/b', 'r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', '!POST,*']\nE       ?                   ^^^\nE       \nE       + ['foo', '/a/b', 'pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_proutes.view1', '!POST,*']\nE       ?                  ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py:567: AssertionError\n_____________ TestPServeCommand.test_config_file_finds_watch_files _____________\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_pserve.TestPServeCommand testMethod=test_config_file_finds_watch_files>\n\n    def test_config_file_finds_watch_files(self):\n        inst = self._makeOne('development.ini')\n        loader = self.loader('/base/path.ini')\n        loader.settings = {'pserve': {\n            'watch_files': 'foo\\n/baz\\npyramid.tests.test_scripts:*.py',\n        }}\n        inst.pserve_file_config(loader, global_conf={'a': '1'})\n        self.assertEqual(loader.calls[0]['defaults'], {\n            'a': '1',\n        })\n>       self.assertEqual(inst.watch_files, set([\n            os.path.abspath('/base/foo'),\n            os.path.abspath('/baz'),\n            os.path.abspath(os.path.join(here, '*.py')),\n        ]))\nE       AssertionError: Items in the first set but not the second:\nE       '/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/pyramid/tests/test_scripts/*.py'\nE       Items in the second set but not the first:\nE       '/home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pyramid_c3c83eb71ff3352cee754b404ad4d65ab02fa464/r2e_tests/test_scripts/*.py'\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pserve.py:64: AssertionError\n_____ TestPViewsCommand.test_views_command_single_view_function_traversal ______\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_pviews.TestPViewsCommand testMethod=test_views_command_single_view_function_traversal>\n\n    def test_views_command_single_view_function_traversal(self):\n        from pyramid.registry import Registry\n        registry = Registry()\n        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)\n        L = []\n        command.out = L.append\n        def view(): pass\n        view.__request_attrs__ = {'context': 'context', 'view_name': 'a'}\n        command._find_view = lambda arg1: view\n        command.args.config_uri = '/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp'\n        command.args.url = '/a'\n        result = command.run()\n        self.assertEqual(result, 0)\n        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')\n        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')\n        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')\n>       self.assertEqual(L[8],\n                         '    pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_pviews.view')\nE       AssertionError: '    r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_pviews.view' != '    pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_pviews.view'\nE       -     r2e_tests.test_scripts.test_pviews.view\nE       ?      ^^^\nE       +     pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_pviews.view\nE       ?     ++ ^^^^^\n\nr2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py:301: AssertionError\n==================================== PASSES ====================================\n=========================== short test summary info ============================\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_exception_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_exception_view_disallows_exception_only\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_exception_view_disallows_for_\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_exception_view_disallows_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_exception_view_disallows_permission\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_exception_view_disallows_require_csrf\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_exception_view_with_subclass\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_exception_view_with_view_defaults\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_forbidden_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_forbidden_view_allows_other_predicates\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_context\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_for_\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_permission\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_forbidden_view_disallows_require_csrf\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_forbidden_view_no_view_argument\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_forbidden_view_with_renderer\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_forbidden_view_with_view_defaults\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_normal_and_exception_view_intr_derived_callable\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_allows_other_predicates\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_append_slash\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_append_slash_custom_response\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_disallows_context\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_disallows_for_\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_disallows_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_disallows_permission\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_disallows_require_csrf\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_no_view_argument\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_with_renderer\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_notfound_view_with_view_defaults\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_static_view_absolute\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_static_view_package_relative\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_as_instance\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_as_instance_requestonly\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_as_instancemethod\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_as_instancemethod_requestonly\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_class_method_no_attr\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_context_as_class\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_context_as_dottedname\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_context_as_iface\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_context_trumps_for\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_custom_more_preds_first_bests_fewer_preds_last\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_custom_predicate_bests_standard_predicate\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_default_phash\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_default_phash_overrides_no_phash\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_default_phash\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exc_default_phash_overrides_no_phash\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_existing_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_multiviews\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exc_multiview_replaces_only_exc_multiview\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exc_mulview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exc_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exc_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exception_only\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exception_only_misconfiguration\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exception_only_no_regular_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_exception_register_secured_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_for__as_dottedname\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_for_as_class\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_for_as_iface\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_mixed_case_replaces_existing_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_multiview___discriminator__\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_multiview_call_ordering\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_multiview_context_superclass_then_subclass\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_multiview_exception_superclass_then_subclass\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_securedview\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_multiview_replaces_existing_view_with___accept__\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_multiview_replaces_multiview\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_register_secured_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_same_phash_overrides_existing_single_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_same_predicates\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_view_callable_None_no_renderer\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_view_callable_None_with_renderer\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_view_callable_dottedname\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_accept_match\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_accept_nomatch\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_check_csrf_predicates_match\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_containment_dottedname\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_containment_false\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_containment_true\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_csrf_header\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_csrf_param\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_match\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_custom_predicates_nomatch\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_decorator\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_decorator_tuple\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_default_permission_no_explicit_permission\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_default_renderer\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_function_callable\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_function_callable_requestonly\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_header_badregex\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_header_noval_match\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_header_noval_nomatch\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_header_val_match\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_header_val_missing\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_header_val_nomatch\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_http_cache\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_mapper\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_missing_csrf_header\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_name_unicode\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_no_default_permission_no_explicit_permission\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_nonexistant_route_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_path_info_badregex\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_path_info_match\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_path_info_nomatch\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_permission\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_method_false\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_method_get_implies_head\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_conflict\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_false\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_method_sequence_true\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_method_true\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_false\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_param_noval_true\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_param_val_false\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_param_val_true\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_type\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_type_and_route_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_type_as_iface\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_request_type_as_noniface\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_route_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_route_name_exception\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_introspector_missing\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_no_renderer_factory\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_with_renderer_factory\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_conflicts\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_doesnt_conflict\nPASSED 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r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_run_show_scaffolds_exist\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_run_show_scaffolds_none_exist\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_scaffold_with_dev_pyramid_long_version\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_scaffold_with_dev_pyramid_version\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_scaffold_with_hyphen_in_project_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_scaffold_with_package_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_scaffold_with_prod_pyramid_long_version\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_scaffold_with_prod_pyramid_unparsable_version\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_scaffold_with_prod_pyramid_version\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::TestPCreateCommand::test_unknown_scaffold_name\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pcreate.py::Test_main::test_it\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pdistreport.py::TestPDistReportCommand::test_no_dists\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pdistreport.py::TestPDistReportCommand::test_with_dists\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_display_headers\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_has_bad_config_header\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_has_content_type_header_var\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_has_good_header_var\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_has_multiple_header_vars\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_method_configures_logging\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_method_get\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_method_options\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_method_patch\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_method_post\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_method_propfind\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_method_put\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_not_enough_args\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_path_doesnt_start_with_slash\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_response_has_no_charset\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_two_args\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_w_basic_auth\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::TestPRequestCommand::test_command_with_query_string\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_prequest.py::Test_main::test_it\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test__get_mapper\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_bad_args\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_bad_format\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_class_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_config_format_ini_commas\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_config_format_ini_newlines\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_config_format_ini_spaces\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_good_args\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_good_format\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_no_mapper\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_no_routes\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_route_as_wsgiapp\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_route_no_view\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_route_with_no_slash_prefix\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_single_route_multiview_registered\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_single_route_no_route_registered\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_single_route_no_views_registered\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_single_route_one_view_registered_with_factory\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_static_routes_included_in_list\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::Test_main::test_it\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pserve.py::TestPServeCommand::test_config_file_finds_open_url\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pserve.py::TestPServeCommand::test_guess_server_url\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pserve.py::TestPServeCommand::test_parse_vars_bad\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pserve.py::TestPServeCommand::test_parse_vars_good\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pserve.py::TestPServeCommand::test_reload_call_hupper_with_correct_args\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pserve.py::TestPServeCommand::test_run_no_args\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pserve.py::Test_main::test_it\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_custom_section_override\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_default_shell_option\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_errors_with_unknown_shell\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_loads_check_variable_override_order\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_loads_custom_items\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_loads_default_shell\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_loads_ipython\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_loads_pythonstartup\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_loads_setup_from_options\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_setup\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_command_setup_generator\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_list_shells\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_shell_entry_points\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_shell_ordering\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::TestPShellCommand::test_shell_override\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::Test_python_shell_runner::test_it\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py::Test_main::test_it\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_ptweens.py::TestPTweensCommand::test__get_tweens\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_ptweens.py::TestPTweensCommand::test_command_implicit_and_explicit_tweens\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_ptweens.py::TestPTweensCommand::test_command_implicit_tweens_only\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_ptweens.py::TestPTweensCommand::test_command_no_tweens\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_ptweens.py::Test_main::test_it\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test__find_multi_routes_all_match\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test__find_multi_routes_none_match\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test__find_multi_routes_some_match\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test__find_view_no_match\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test__find_view_no_match_multiview_registered\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test__find_view_route_multiview\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test__find_view_route_multiview_no_view_registered\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test__find_view_route_no_multiview\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test__find_view_traversal\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test__find_view_traversal_multiview\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_multi_view_nested\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_multiview\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_multiview_with_permission\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_multiview_with_predicates\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_not_found\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_not_found_url_starts_without_slash\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_single_view_route\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_single_view_route_with_route_predicates\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_single_view_traversal\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_single_view_traversal_with_permission\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_single_view_traversal_with_predicates\nPASSED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::Test_main::test_it\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_static_view_package_here_relative\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_template_renderer\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestMultiView::test_add - ValueError: Invalid val...\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_1.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_generate_url_cachebust_with_overrides\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_1.py::Test_view_description::test_without_text - Assert...\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_2.py::RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests::test_add_route_with_accept\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_2.py::RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests::test_add_route_with_accept_list\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_adapters.py::AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests::test_add_resource_url_adapter_dotted_names\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_adapters.py::AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests::test_add_resource_url_adapter_introspectables\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_adapters.py::AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests::test_add_traverser_dotted_names\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py::TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin::test_override_asset_directory_with_directory\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py::TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin::test_override_asset_directory_with_package\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py::TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin::test_override_asset_file_with_file\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py::TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin::test_override_asset_package_with_directory\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py::TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin::test_override_asset_package_with_package\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py::TestOverrideProvider::test_get_resource_filename_no_overrides\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py::TestOverrideProvider::test_get_resource_filename_override_returns_None\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py::TestPackageAssetSource::test_get_filename\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_assets.py::TestPackageAssetSource::test_get_filename_with_prefix\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py::TestI18NConfiguratorMixin::test_add_translation_dirs_abspath\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py::TestI18NConfiguratorMixin::test_add_translation_dirs_asset_spec\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py::TestI18NConfiguratorMixin::test_add_translation_dirs_asset_spec_existing_translation_dirs\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py::TestI18NConfiguratorMixin::test_add_translation_dirs_doesnt_use_override_w_autocommit\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py::TestI18NConfiguratorMixin::test_add_translation_dirs_multiple_specs\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py::TestI18NConfiguratorMixin::test_add_translation_dirs_multiple_specs_multiple_calls\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py::TestI18NConfiguratorMixin::test_add_translation_dirs_override_multiple_specs_multiple_calls\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py::TestI18NConfiguratorMixin::test_add_translation_dirs_uses_override_out_of_order\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_i18n.py::TestI18NConfiguratorMixin::test_add_translation_dirs_uses_override_w_autocommit\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py::ConfiguratorTests::test_ctor_no_registry\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py::ConfiguratorTests::test_ctor_noreg_debug_logger_None_default\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py::ConfiguratorTests::test_include_constant_root_package\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py::ConfiguratorTests::test_scan_integration_conflict\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py::ConfiguratorTests::test_setup_registry_debug_logger_None_default\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py::TestConfigurator_add_directive::test_add_directive_with_custom_callable\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py::TestConfigurator_add_directive::test_add_directive_with_partial\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py::TestConfigurator_add_directive::test_extend_with_dotted_name\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py::TestConfigurator_add_directive::test_extend_with_python_callable\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_init.py::TestConfigurator__add_predicate::test_factory_as_dotted_name\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_routes.py::RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests::test_add_route_with_accept\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_routes.py::RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests::test_add_route_with_accept_list\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_static_view_package_here_relative\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_template_renderer\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestViewsConfigurationMixin::test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestMultiView::test_add - ValueEr...\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::TestStaticURLInfo::test_generate_url_cachebust_with_overrides\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_config/test_views.py::Test_view_description::test_without_text\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_one_route_all_methods_view_only_post\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_one_route_only_post_view_all_methods\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_one_route_only_post_view_post_and_get\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_one_route_with_long_name_one_view_registered\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_route_is_get_view_request_method_not_post\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_route_request_method_mismatch\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_route_static_views\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_single_route_one_view_registered\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_view_glob\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py::TestPRoutesCommand::test_view_request_method_not_post\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pserve.py::TestPServeCommand::test_config_file_finds_watch_files\nFAILED r2e_tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py::TestPViewsCommand::test_views_command_single_view_function_traversal\n======================= 60 failed, 1022 passed in 6.29s ========================\n",
    "old_commit_res_stderr": ""
}
pyramid/config/routes.py pyramid/tests/test_config/test_routes.py pyramid/tests/test_config/test_views.py
We are currently solving the following issue within our repository. Here is the issue text:
--- BEGIN ISSUE ---
[ISSUE]
**Title:** AttributeError When Adding Route with 'accept' as a List

**Description:**
When configuring a route with the `accept` parameter as a list of MIME types, an `AttributeError` is raised. This occurs because the code attempts to call the `lower()` method on a list object instead of individual string elements within the list.

**Example Code:**
```python
from pyramid.config import Configurator

config = Configurator()
config.add_route('my_route', '/path', accept=['text/xml', 'text/plain'])
```

**Expected Behavior:**
The route should be added successfully, processing each MIME type in the `accept` list by converting them to lowercase without errors.

**Actual Behavior:**
An `AttributeError` is raised:
```
AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'lower'
```

This prevents the route from being added correctly and disrupts the application's routing configuration.

[/ISSUE]
--- END ISSUE ---

Below are some code segments, each from a relevant file. One or more of these files may contain bugs.

--- BEGIN FILE ---
```
### pyramid/config/routes.py
import contextlib
import warnings

from pyramid.compat import urlparse
from pyramid.interfaces import (
    IRequest,
    IRouteRequest,
    IRoutesMapper,
    PHASE2_CONFIG,
    )

from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError
from pyramid.request import route_request_iface
from pyramid.urldispatch import RoutesMapper

from pyramid.util import (
    as_sorted_tuple,
    is_nonstr_iter,
)

import pyramid.predicates

from pyramid.config.util import (
    action_method,
    predvalseq,
)

class RoutesConfiguratorMixin(object):
    @action_method
    def add_route(self,
                  name,
                  pattern=None,
                  factory=None,
                  for_=None,
                  header=None,
                  xhr=None,
                  accept=None,
                  path_info=None,
                  request_method=None,
                  request_param=None,
                  traverse=None,
                  custom_predicates=(),
                  use_global_views=False,
                  path=None,
                  pregenerator=None,
                  static=False,
                  **predicates):
        """ Add a :term:`route configuration` to the current
        configuration state, as well as possibly a :term:`view
        configuration` to be used to specify a :term:`view callable`
        that will be invoked when this route matches.  The arguments
        to this method are divided into *predicate*, *non-predicate*,
        and *view-related* types.  :term:`Route predicate` arguments
        narrow the circumstances in which a route will be match a
        request; non-predicate arguments are informational.

        Non-Predicate Arguments

        name

          The name of the route, e.g. ``myroute``.  This attribute is
          required.  It must be unique among all defined routes in a given
          application.

        factory

          A Python object (often a function or a class) or a :term:`dotted
          Python name` which refers to the same object that will generate a
          :app:`Pyramid` root resource object when this route matches. For
          example, ``mypackage.resources.MyFactory``.  If this argument is
          not specified, a default root factory will be used.  See
          :ref:`the_resource_tree` for more information about root factories.

        traverse

          If you would like to cause the :term:`context` to be
          something other than the :term:`root` object when this route
          matches, you can spell a traversal pattern as the
          ``traverse`` argument.  This traversal pattern will be used
          as the traversal path: traversal will begin at the root
          object implied by this route (either the global root, or the
          object returned by the ``factory`` associated with this
          route).

          The syntax of the ``traverse`` argument is the same as it is
          for ``pattern``. For example, if the ``pattern`` provided to
          ``add_route`` is ``articles/{article}/edit``, and the
          ``traverse`` argument provided to ``add_route`` is
          ``/{article}``, when a request comes in that causes the route
          to match in such a way that the ``article`` match value is
          ``'1'`` (when the request URI is ``/articles/1/edit``), the
          traversal path will be generated as ``/1``.  This means that
          the root object's ``__getitem__`` will be called with the
          name ``'1'`` during the traversal phase.  If the ``'1'`` object
          exists, it will become the :term:`context` of the request.
          :ref:`traversal_chapter` has more information about
          traversal.

          If the traversal path contains segment marker names which
          are not present in the ``pattern`` argument, a runtime error
          will occur.  The ``traverse`` pattern should not contain
          segment markers that do not exist in the ``pattern``
          argument.

          A similar combining of routing and traversal is available
          when a route is matched which contains a ``*traverse``
          remainder marker in its pattern (see
          :ref:`using_traverse_in_a_route_pattern`).  The ``traverse``
          argument to add_route allows you to associate route patterns
          with an arbitrary traversal path without using a
          ``*traverse`` remainder marker; instead you can use other
          match information.

          Note that the ``traverse`` argument to ``add_route`` is
          ignored when attached to a route that has a ``*traverse``
          remainder marker in its pattern.

        pregenerator

           This option should be a callable object that implements the
           :class:`pyramid.interfaces.IRoutePregenerator` interface.  A
           :term:`pregenerator` is a callable called by the
           :meth:`pyramid.request.Request.route_url` function to augment or
           replace the arguments it is passed when generating a URL for the
           route.  This is a feature not often used directly by applications,
           it is meant to be hooked by frameworks that use :app:`Pyramid` as
           a base.

        use_global_views

          When a request matches this route, and view lookup cannot
          find a view which has a ``route_name`` predicate argument
          that matches the route, try to fall back to using a view
          that otherwise matches the context, request, and view name
          (but which does not match the route_name predicate).

        static

          If ``static`` is ``True``, this route will never match an incoming
          request; it will only be useful for URL generation.  By default,
          ``static`` is ``False``.  See :ref:`static_route_narr`.

          .. versionadded:: 1.1

        Predicate Arguments

        pattern

          The pattern of the route e.g. ``ideas/{idea}``.  This
          argument is required.  See :ref:`route_pattern_syntax`
          for information about the syntax of route patterns.  If the
          pattern doesn't match the current URL, route matching
          continues.

          .. note::

             For backwards compatibility purposes (as of :app:`Pyramid` 1.0), a
             ``path`` keyword argument passed to this function will be used to
             represent the pattern value if the ``pattern`` argument is
             ``None``.  If both ``path`` and ``pattern`` are passed, ``pattern``
             wins.

        xhr

          This value should be either ``True`` or ``False``.  If this
          value is specified and is ``True``, the :term:`request` must
          possess an ``HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH`` (aka
          ``X-Requested-With``) header for this route to match.  This
          is useful for detecting AJAX requests issued from jQuery,
          Prototype and other Javascript libraries.  If this predicate
          returns ``False``, route matching continues.

        request_method

          A string representing an HTTP method name, e.g. ``GET``, ``POST``,
          ``HEAD``, ``DELETE``, ``PUT`` or a tuple of elements containing
          HTTP method names.  If this argument is not specified, this route
          will match if the request has *any* request method.  If this
          predicate returns ``False``, route matching continues.

          .. versionchanged:: 1.2
             The ability to pass a tuple of items as ``request_method``.
             Previous versions allowed only a string.

        path_info

          This value represents a regular expression pattern that will
          be tested against the ``PATH_INFO`` WSGI environment
          variable.  If the regex matches, this predicate will return
          ``True``.  If this predicate returns ``False``, route
          matching continues.

        request_param

          This value can be any string or an iterable of strings.  A view
          declaration with this argument ensures that the associated route will
          only match when the request has a key in the ``request.params``
          dictionary (an HTTP ``GET`` or ``POST`` variable) that has a
          name which matches the supplied value.  If the value
          supplied as the argument has a ``=`` sign in it,
          e.g. ``request_param="foo=123"``, then the key
          (``foo``) must both exist in the ``request.params`` dictionary, and
          the value must match the right hand side of the expression (``123``)
          for the route to "match" the current request.  If this predicate
          returns ``False``, route matching continues.

        header

          This argument represents an HTTP header name or a header
          name/value pair.  If the argument contains a ``:`` (colon),
          it will be considered a name/value pair
          (e.g. ``User-Agent:Mozilla/.*`` or ``Host:localhost``).  If
          the value contains a colon, the value portion should be a
          regular expression.  If the value does not contain a colon,
          the entire value will be considered to be the header name
          (e.g. ``If-Modified-Since``).  If the value evaluates to a
          header name only without a value, the header specified by
          the name must be present in the request for this predicate
          to be true.  If the value evaluates to a header name/value
          pair, the header specified by the name must be present in
          the request *and* the regular expression specified as the
          value must match the header value.  Whether or not the value
          represents a header name or a header name/value pair, the
          case of the header name is not significant.  If this
          predicate returns ``False``, route matching continues.

        accept

          A :term:`media type` that will be matched against the ``Accept``
          HTTP request header.  This value may be a specific media type such
          as ``text/html``, or a range like ``text/*``, or a list of the same.
          If the media type is acceptable by the ``Accept`` header of the
          request, or if the ``Accept`` header isn't set at all in the
          request, this predicate will match. If this does not match the
          ``Accept`` header of the request, route matching continues.

          If ``accept`` is not specified, the ``HTTP_ACCEPT`` HTTP header is
          not taken into consideration when deciding whether or not to select
          the route.

        effective_principals

          If specified, this value should be a :term:`principal` identifier or
          a sequence of principal identifiers.  If the
          :attr:`pyramid.request.Request.effective_principals` property
          indicates that every principal named in the argument list is present
          in the current request, this predicate will return True; otherwise it
          will return False.  For example:
          ``effective_principals=pyramid.security.Authenticated`` or
          ``effective_principals=('fred', 'group:admins')``.

          .. versionadded:: 1.4a4

        custom_predicates

          .. deprecated:: 1.5
              This value should be a sequence of references to custom
              predicate callables.  Use custom predicates when no set of
              predefined predicates does what you need.  Custom predicates
              can be combined with predefined predicates as necessary.
              Each custom predicate callable should accept two arguments:
              ``info`` and ``request`` and should return either ``True``
              or ``False`` after doing arbitrary evaluation of the info
              and/or the request.  If all custom and non-custom predicate
              callables return ``True`` the associated route will be
              considered viable for a given request.  If any predicate
              callable returns ``False``, route matching continues.  Note
              that the value ``info`` passed to a custom route predicate
              is a dictionary containing matching information; see
              :ref:`custom_route_predicates` for more information about
              ``info``.

        predicates

          Pass a key/value pair here to use a third-party predicate
          registered via
          :meth:`pyramid.config.Configurator.add_route_predicate`.  More than
          one key/value pair can be used at the same time.  See
          :ref:`view_and_route_predicates` for more information about
          third-party predicates.

          .. versionadded:: 1.4

        """
        if custom_predicates:
            warnings.warn(
                ('The "custom_predicates" argument to Configurator.add_route '
                 'is deprecated as of Pyramid 1.5.  Use '
                 '"config.add_route_predicate" and use the registered '
                 'route predicate as a predicate argument to add_route '
                 'instead. See "Adding A Third Party View, Route, or '
                 'Subscriber Predicate" in the "Hooks" chapter of the '
                 'documentation for more information.'),
                DeprecationWarning,
                stacklevel=3
                )

        if accept is not None:
            if is_nonstr_iter(accept):
                accept = [accept]

            accept = [accept_option.lower() for accept_option in accept]

        # these are route predicates; if they do not match, the next route
        # in the routelist will be tried
        if request_method is not None:
            request_method = as_sorted_tuple(request_method)

        factory = self.maybe_dotted(factory)
        if pattern is None:
            pattern = path
        if pattern is None:
            raise ConfigurationError('"pattern" argument may not be None')

        # check for an external route; an external route is one which is
        # is a full url (e.g. 'http://example.com/{id}')
        parsed = urlparse.urlparse(pattern)
        external_url = pattern

        if parsed.hostname:
            pattern = parsed.path

            original_pregenerator = pregenerator
            def external_url_pregenerator(request, elements, kw):
                if '_app_url' in kw:
                    raise ValueError(
                        'You cannot generate a path to an external route '
                        'pattern via request.route_path nor pass an _app_url '
                        'to request.route_url when generating a URL for an '
                        'external route pattern (pattern was "%s") ' %
                        (pattern,)
                        )
                if '_scheme' in kw:
                    scheme = kw['_scheme']
                elif parsed.scheme:
                    scheme = parsed.scheme
                else:
                    scheme = request.scheme
                kw['_app_url'] = '{0}://{1}'.format(scheme, parsed.netloc)

                if original_pregenerator:
                    elements, kw = original_pregenerator(
                        request, elements, kw)
                return elements, kw

            pregenerator = external_url_pregenerator
            static = True

        elif self.route_prefix:
            pattern = self.route_prefix.rstrip('/') + '/' + pattern.lstrip('/')

        mapper = self.get_routes_mapper()

        introspectables = []

        intr = self.introspectable('routes',
                                   name,
                                   '%s (pattern: %r)' % (name, pattern),
                                   'route')
        intr['name'] = name
        intr['pattern'] = pattern
        intr['factory'] = factory
        intr['xhr'] = xhr
        intr['request_methods'] = request_method
        intr['path_info'] = path_info
        intr['request_param'] = request_param
        intr['header'] = header
        intr['accept'] = accept
        intr['traverse'] = traverse
        intr['custom_predicates'] = custom_predicates
        intr['pregenerator'] = pregenerator
        intr['static'] = static
        intr['use_global_views'] = use_global_views

        if static is True:
            intr['external_url'] = external_url

        introspectables.append(intr)

        if factory:
            factory_intr = self.introspectable('root factories',
                                               name,
                                               self.object_description(factory),
                                               'root factory')
            factory_intr['factory'] = factory
            factory_intr['route_name'] = name
            factory_intr.relate('routes', name)
            introspectables.append(factory_intr)

        def register_route_request_iface():
            request_iface = self.registry.queryUtility(IRouteRequest, name=name)
            if request_iface is None:
                if use_global_views:
                    bases = (IRequest,)
                else:
                    bases = ()
                request_iface = route_request_iface(name, bases)
                self.registry.registerUtility(
                    request_iface, IRouteRequest, name=name)

        def register_connect():
            pvals = predicates.copy()
            pvals.update(
                dict(
                    xhr=xhr,
                    request_method=request_method,
                    path_info=path_info,
                    request_param=request_param,
                    header=header,
                    accept=accept,
                    traverse=traverse,
                    custom=predvalseq(custom_predicates),
                    )
                )

            predlist = self.get_predlist('route')
            _, preds, _ = predlist.make(self, **pvals)
            route = mapper.connect(
                name, pattern, factory, predicates=preds,
                pregenerator=pregenerator, static=static
                )
            intr['object'] = route
            return route

        # We have to connect routes in the order they were provided;
        # we can't use a phase to do that, because when the actions are
        # sorted, actions in the same phase lose relative ordering
        self.action(('route-connect', name), register_connect)

        # But IRouteRequest interfaces must be registered before we begin to
        # process view registrations (in phase 3)
        self.action(('route', name), register_route_request_iface,
                    order=PHASE2_CONFIG, introspectables=introspectables)

    @action_method
    def add_route_predicate(self, name, factory, weighs_more_than=None,
                            weighs_less_than=None):
        """ Adds a route predicate factory.  The view predicate can later be
        named as a keyword argument to
        :meth:`pyramid.config.Configurator.add_route`.

        ``name`` should be the name of the predicate.  It must be a valid
        Python identifier (it will be used as a keyword argument to
        ``add_route``).

        ``factory`` should be a :term:`predicate factory` or :term:`dotted
        Python name` which refers to a predicate factory.

        See :ref:`view_and_route_predicates` for more information.

        .. versionadded:: 1.4
        """
        self._add_predicate(
            'route',
            name,
            factory,
            weighs_more_than=weighs_more_than,
            weighs_less_than=weighs_less_than
            )

    def add_default_route_predicates(self):
        p = pyramid.predicates
        for (name, factory) in (
            ('xhr', p.XHRPredicate),
            ('request_method', p.RequestMethodPredicate),
            ('path_info', p.PathInfoPredicate),
            ('request_param', p.RequestParamPredicate),
            ('header', p.HeaderPredicate),
            ('accept', p.AcceptPredicate),
            ('effective_principals', p.EffectivePrincipalsPredicate),
            ('custom', p.CustomPredicate),
            ('traverse', p.TraversePredicate),
            ):
            self.add_route_predicate(name, factory)

    def get_routes_mapper(self):
        """ Return the :term:`routes mapper` object associated with
        this configurator's :term:`registry`."""
        mapper = self.registry.queryUtility(IRoutesMapper)
        if mapper is None:
            mapper = RoutesMapper()
            self.registry.registerUtility(mapper, IRoutesMapper)
        return mapper

    @contextlib.contextmanager
    def route_prefix_context(self, route_prefix):
        """ Return this configurator with the
        :attr:`pyramid.config.Configurator.route_prefix` attribute mutated to
        include the new ``route_prefix``.

        When the context exits, the ``route_prefix`` is reset to the original.

        Example Usage:

        >>> config = Configurator()
        >>> with config.route_prefix_context('foo'):
        ...     config.add_route('bar', '/bar')

        Arguments

        route_prefix

          A string suitable to be used as a route prefix, or ``None``.

        .. versionadded:: 1.10
        """

        original_route_prefix = self.route_prefix

        if route_prefix is None:
            route_prefix = ''

        old_route_prefix = self.route_prefix
        if old_route_prefix is None:
            old_route_prefix = ''

        route_prefix = '{}/{}'.format(
            old_route_prefix.rstrip('/'),
            route_prefix.lstrip('/'),
        )

        route_prefix = route_prefix.strip('/')

        if not route_prefix:
            route_prefix = None

        self.begin()
        try:
            self.route_prefix = route_prefix
            yield

        finally:
            self.route_prefix = original_route_prefix
            self.end()

```
--- END FILE ---

Please first localize the bug based on the issue statement, and then generate *SEARCH/REPLACE* edits to fix the issue.

Every *SEARCH/REPLACE* edit must use this format:
1. The file path
2. The start of search block: <<<<<<< SEARCH
3. A contiguous chunk of lines to search for in the existing source code
4. The dividing line: =======
5. The lines to replace into the source code
6. The end of the replace block: >>>>>>> REPLACE

Here is an example:

```python
### mathweb/flask/app.py
<<<<<<< SEARCH
from flask import Flask
=======
import math
from flask import Flask
>>>>>>> REPLACE
```
</solution>

Please note that the *SEARCH/REPLACE* edit REQUIRES PROPER INDENTATION. If you would like to add the line '        print(x)', you must fully write that out, with all those spaces before the code!
Wrap each *SEARCH/REPLACE* edit in a code block as shown in the example above. If you have multiple *SEARCH/REPLACE* edits, use a separate code block for each one.
[ISSUE]
**Title:** AttributeError When Adding Route with 'accept' as a List

**Description:**
When configuring a route with the `accept` parameter as a list of MIME types, an `AttributeError` is raised. This occurs because the code attempts to call the `lower()` method on a list object instead of individual string elements within the list.

**Example Code:**
```python
from pyramid.config import Configurator

config = Configurator()
config.add_route('my_route', '/path', accept=['text/xml', 'text/plain'])
```

**Expected Behavior:**
The route should be added successfully, processing each MIME type in the `accept` list by converting them to lowercase without errors.

**Actual Behavior:**
An `AttributeError` is raised:
```
AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'lower'
```

This prevents the route from being added correctly and disrupts the application's routing configuration.

[/ISSUE]
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    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_request_type_and_route_name": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_request_type_as_iface": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_request_type_as_noniface": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_route_name": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_route_name_exception": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_introspector_missing": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_no_renderer_factory": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_tmpl_renderer_factory_with_renderer_factory": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_conflicts": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_view_config_and_view_defaults_doesnt_conflict": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_view_defaults": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_kwarg": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_view_defaults_viewname_is_dottedname_nonkwarg": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_xhr_false": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_xhr_true": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_wrapped_view_is_decorated": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_views_with_accept_multiview_replaces_existing": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_derive_view_dottedname": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_derive_view_function": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_no_explicit_renderer": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_derive_view_with_default_renderer_with_explicit_renderer": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_set_view_mapper": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_set_view_mapper_dottedname": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_view_with_most_specific_predicate": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_view_with_most_specific_predicate_with_mismatch": "PASSED",
    "Test_runtime_exc_view.test_call": "PASSED",
    "Test_runtime_exc_view.test_call_dispatches_on_exception": "PASSED",
    "Test_runtime_exc_view.test_permitted": "PASSED",
    "Test_runtime_exc_view.test_permitted_dispatches_on_exception": "PASSED",
    "Test_requestonly.test_defaults": "PASSED",
    "Test_requestonly.test_otherattr": "PASSED",
    "Test_isexception.test_is_IException": "PASSED",
    "Test_isexception.test_is_IException_subinterface": "PASSED",
    "Test_isexception.test_is_exception_class": "PASSED",
    "Test_isexception.test_is_exception_instance": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test___call__": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test___call__intermediate_not_found": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test___call__raise_not_found_isnt_interpreted_as_pred_mismatch": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test___call_permissive_has_call_permissive": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test___call_permissive_has_no_call_permissive": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test__call__not_found": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test__call__with_accept_match": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test__call__with_accept_miss": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test__call_permissive__not_found": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test_add_with_phash": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test_add_with_phash_override_accept": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test_add_with_phash_override_accept2": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test_class_implements_ISecuredView": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test_get_views": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test_get_views_best_match_returns_None": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test_get_views_no_self_accepts": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test_get_views_request_has_no_accept": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test_instance_implements_ISecuredView": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test_match_not_found": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test_match_predicate_fails": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test_match_predicate_succeeds": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test_multiple_with_functions_as_views": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test_permitted": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test_permitted_no_match_with__permitted__": "PASSED",
    "TestMultiView.test_permitted_no_views": "PASSED",
    "TestDefaultViewMapper.test__view_as_function_with_attr": "PASSED",
    "TestDefaultViewMapper.test_view_as_function_context_and_request": "PASSED",
    "TestDefaultViewMapper.test_view_as_function_requestonly": "PASSED",
    "TestDefaultViewMapper.test_view_as_function_requestonly_with_attr": "PASSED",
    "TestDefaultViewMapper.test_view_as_instance_context_and_request": "PASSED",
    "TestDefaultViewMapper.test_view_as_instance_context_and_request_and_attr": "PASSED",
    "TestDefaultViewMapper.test_view_as_instance_requestonly": "PASSED",
    "TestDefaultViewMapper.test_view_as_instance_requestonly_with_attr": "PASSED",
    "TestDefaultViewMapper.test_view_as_newstyle_class_context_and_request": "PASSED",
    "TestDefaultViewMapper.test_view_as_newstyle_class_context_and_request_with_attr": "PASSED",
    "TestDefaultViewMapper.test_view_as_newstyle_class_requestonly": "PASSED",
    "TestDefaultViewMapper.test_view_as_newstyle_class_requestonly_with_attr": "PASSED",
    "TestDefaultViewMapper.test_view_as_oldstyle_class_context_and_request": "PASSED",
    "TestDefaultViewMapper.test_view_as_oldstyle_class_context_and_request_with_attr": "PASSED",
    "TestDefaultViewMapper.test_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly": "PASSED",
    "TestDefaultViewMapper.test_view_as_oldstyle_class_requestonly_with_attr": "PASSED",
    "Test_preserve_view_attrs.test_it_different": "PASSED",
    "Test_preserve_view_attrs.test_it_different_with_existing_original_view": "PASSED",
    "Test_preserve_view_attrs.test_it_same": "PASSED",
    "Test_preserve_view_attrs.test_it_view_is_None": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_add_already_exists": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_add_cachebust_prevented": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_add_cachebuster": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_add_cachebuster_abspath": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_add_cachebuster_for_more_specific_path": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_add_cachebuster_overwrite": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_add_cachebuster_overwrite_explicit": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_add_package_root": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_add_url_noendslash": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_add_url_noscheme": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_add_url_withendslash": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_add_viewname": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_add_viewname_with_context": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_add_viewname_with_for_": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_add_viewname_with_permission": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_add_viewname_with_renderer": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_add_viewname_with_route_prefix": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_generate_missing": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_generate_quoting": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_generate_registration_miss": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_generate_route_url": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_generate_slash_in_name1": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_generate_slash_in_name2": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_generate_url_cachebust": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_generate_url_cachebust_abspath": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_generate_url_cachebust_nomatch": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_generate_url_quoted_remote": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_generate_url_unquoted_local": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_generate_url_with_custom_anchor": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_generate_url_with_custom_query": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_verifyClass": "PASSED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_verifyObject": "PASSED",
    "Test_view_description.test_with_text": "PASSED",
    "Test_viewdefaults.test_dunder_attrs_copied": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_defaults": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_discriminator": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_no_path_no_pattern": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_no_pattern_with_path": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_no_view_with_view_attr": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_no_view_with_view_context": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_no_view_with_view_permission": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_no_view_with_view_renderer": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_with_accept": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_with_accept_list": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_with_custom_predicates": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_with_factory": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_with_factory_dottedname": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_with_header": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_with_path_info": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_with_path_info_highorder": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_with_path_info_regex": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_with_pregenerator": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_with_request_method": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_with_request_param": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_with_route_prefix": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_with_static": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_route_with_xhr": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_get_routes_mapper_already_registered": "PASSED",
    "RoutesConfiguratorMixinTests.test_get_routes_mapper_not_yet_registered": "PASSED",
    "AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_object_event_subscriber": "PASSED",
    "AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_resource_url_default_resource_iface_means_Interface": "PASSED",
    "AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_resource_url_nodefault_resource_iface": "PASSED",
    "AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_response_adapter": "PASSED",
    "AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_response_adapter_dottednames": "PASSED",
    "AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_response_adapter_self": "PASSED",
    "AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_subscriber_defaults": "PASSED",
    "AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_subscriber_dottednames": "PASSED",
    "AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_subscriber_iface_specified": "PASSED",
    "AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_subscriber_predicate": "PASSED",
    "AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_subscriber_with_default_type_predicates_False": "PASSED",
    "AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_subscriber_with_default_type_predicates_True": "PASSED",
    "AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_subscriber_with_specific_type_and_predicates_False": "PASSED",
    "AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_subscriber_with_specific_type_and_predicates_True": "PASSED",
    "AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_traverser_default_iface_means_Interface": "PASSED",
    "AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_traverser_introspectables": "PASSED",
    "AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_traverser_nondefault_iface": "PASSED",
    "Test_eventonly.test_defaults": "PASSED",
    "TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test__override_already_registered": "PASSED",
    "TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test__override_not_yet_registered": "PASSED",
    "TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_directory_with_absdirectory": "PASSED",
    "TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_directory_with_absfile": "PASSED",
    "TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_directory_with_file": "PASSED",
    "TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_file_with_absdirectory": "PASSED",
    "TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_file_with_absfile": "PASSED",
    "TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_file_with_directory": "PASSED",
    "TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_file_with_missing_abspath": "PASSED",
    "TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_file_with_package": "PASSED",
    "TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_package_with_absdirectory": "PASSED",
    "TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_samename": "PASSED",
    "TestOverrideProvider.test_get_resource_filename_override_returns_value": "PASSED",
    "TestOverrideProvider.test_get_resource_stream_no_overrides": "PASSED",
    "TestOverrideProvider.test_get_resource_stream_override_returns_None": "PASSED",
    "TestOverrideProvider.test_get_resource_stream_override_returns_value": "PASSED",
    "TestOverrideProvider.test_get_resource_string_no_overrides": "PASSED",
    "TestOverrideProvider.test_get_resource_string_override_returns_None": "PASSED",
    "TestOverrideProvider.test_get_resource_string_override_returns_value": "PASSED",
    "TestOverrideProvider.test_has_resource_no_overrides": "PASSED",
    "TestOverrideProvider.test_has_resource_override_returns_None": "PASSED",
    "TestOverrideProvider.test_has_resource_override_returns_True": "PASSED",
    "TestOverrideProvider.test_resource_isdir_no_overrides": "PASSED",
    "TestOverrideProvider.test_resource_isdir_override_returns_False": "PASSED",
    "TestOverrideProvider.test_resource_isdir_override_returns_None": "PASSED",
    "TestOverrideProvider.test_resource_listdir_no_overrides": "PASSED",
    "TestOverrideProvider.test_resource_listdir_override_returns_None": "PASSED",
    "TestOverrideProvider.test_resource_listdir_override_returns_values": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_class_conforms_to_IPEP302Loader": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_class_conforms_to_IPackageOverrides": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_ctor_package_already_has_loader_of_different_type": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_ctor_package_already_has_loader_of_same_type": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_ctor_registers_loader_type": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_ctor_sets_loader": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_ctor_sets_local_state": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_filtered_sources": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_get_code_pkg_has___loader__": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_get_code_pkg_has_no___loader__": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_get_data_pkg_has___loader__": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_get_data_pkg_has_no___loader__": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_get_filename": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_get_filename_file_doesnt_exist": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_get_source_pkg_has___loader__": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_get_source_pkg_has_no___loader__": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_get_stream": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_get_stream_file_doesnt_exist": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_get_string": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_get_string_file_doesnt_exist": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_has_resource": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_has_resource_file_doesnt_exist": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_insert_directory": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_insert_emptystring": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_insert_file": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_instance_conforms_to_IPEP302Loader": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_instance_conforms_to_IPackageOverrides": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_is_package_pkg_has___loader__": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_is_package_pkg_has_no___loader__": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_isdir_doesnt_exist": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_isdir_false": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_isdir_true": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_listdir": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageOverrides.test_listdir_doesnt_exist": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageAssetSource.test_exists": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageAssetSource.test_exists_file_doesnt_exist": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageAssetSource.test_exists_with_prefix": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageAssetSource.test_get_filename_file_doesnt_exist": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageAssetSource.test_get_stream": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageAssetSource.test_get_stream_file_doesnt_exist": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageAssetSource.test_get_stream_with_prefix": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageAssetSource.test_get_string": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageAssetSource.test_get_string_file_doesnt_exist": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageAssetSource.test_get_string_with_prefix": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageAssetSource.test_isdir_doesnt_exist": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageAssetSource.test_isdir_false": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageAssetSource.test_isdir_true": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageAssetSource.test_listdir": "PASSED",
    "TestPackageAssetSource.test_listdir_doesnt_exist": "PASSED",
    "TestFSAssetSource.test_exists": "PASSED",
    "TestFSAssetSource.test_exists_file_doesnt_exist": "PASSED",
    "TestFSAssetSource.test_exists_with_prefix": "PASSED",
    "TestFSAssetSource.test_get_filename": "PASSED",
    "TestFSAssetSource.test_get_filename_file_doesnt_exist": "PASSED",
    "TestFSAssetSource.test_get_filename_with_prefix": "PASSED",
    "TestFSAssetSource.test_get_stream": "PASSED",
    "TestFSAssetSource.test_get_stream_file_doesnt_exist": "PASSED",
    "TestFSAssetSource.test_get_stream_with_prefix": "PASSED",
    "TestFSAssetSource.test_get_string": "PASSED",
    "TestFSAssetSource.test_get_string_file_doesnt_exist": "PASSED",
    "TestFSAssetSource.test_get_string_with_prefix": "PASSED",
    "TestFSAssetSource.test_isdir_doesnt_exist": "PASSED",
    "TestFSAssetSource.test_isdir_false": "PASSED",
    "TestFSAssetSource.test_isdir_true": "PASSED",
    "TestFSAssetSource.test_listdir": "PASSED",
    "TestFSAssetSource.test_listdir_doesnt_exist": "PASSED",
    "TestDirectoryOverride.test_it_match": "PASSED",
    "TestDirectoryOverride.test_it_no_match": "PASSED",
    "TestFileOverride.test_it_match": "PASSED",
    "TestFileOverride.test_it_no_match": "PASSED",
    "TestFactoriesMixin.test_add_request_method_with_None_callable": "PASSED",
    "TestFactoriesMixin.test_add_request_method_with_None_callable_and_no_name": "PASSED",
    "TestFactoriesMixin.test_add_request_method_with_None_callable_conflict": "PASSED",
    "TestFactoriesMixin.test_add_request_method_with_callable": "PASSED",
    "TestFactoriesMixin.test_add_request_method_with_text_type_name": "PASSED",
    "TestFactoriesMixin.test_add_request_method_with_unnamed_callable": "PASSED",
    "TestFactoriesMixin.test_set_execution_policy": "PASSED",
    "TestFactoriesMixin.test_set_execution_policy_to_None": "PASSED",
    "TestFactoriesMixin.test_set_multiple_request_methods_conflict": "PASSED",
    "TestFactoriesMixin.test_set_request_factory": "PASSED",
    "TestFactoriesMixin.test_set_request_factory_dottedname": "PASSED",
    "TestFactoriesMixin.test_set_response_factory": "PASSED",
    "TestFactoriesMixin.test_set_response_factory_dottedname": "PASSED",
    "TestFactoriesMixin.test_set_root_factory": "PASSED",
    "TestFactoriesMixin.test_set_root_factory_as_None": "PASSED",
    "TestFactoriesMixin.test_set_root_factory_dottedname": "PASSED",
    "TestFactoriesMixin.test_set_session_factory": "PASSED",
    "TestFactoriesMixin.test_set_session_factory_dottedname": "PASSED",
    "TestDeprecatedFactoriesMixinMethods.test_set_multiple_request_properties": "PASSED",
    "TestDeprecatedFactoriesMixinMethods.test_set_multiple_request_properties_conflict": "PASSED",
    "TestDeprecatedFactoriesMixinMethods.test_set_request_property_with_callable": "PASSED",
    "TestDeprecatedFactoriesMixinMethods.test_set_request_property_with_property": "PASSED",
    "TestDeprecatedFactoriesMixinMethods.test_set_request_property_with_unnamed_callable": "PASSED",
    "TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_invalid_kwargs": "PASSED",
    "TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_missing_dir": "PASSED",
    "TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_no_specs": "PASSED",
    "TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_set_locale_negotiator": "PASSED",
    "TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_set_locale_negotiator_dottedname": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test___getattr__matches": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test___getattr__matches_no_action_wrap": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test___getattr__missing_when_directives_dont_exist": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test___getattr__missing_when_directives_exist": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test__fix_registry_adds__lock": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test__fix_registry_adds_clear_view_lookup_cache": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test__fix_registry_has_listeners": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test__fix_registry_notify": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test__fix_registry_queryAdapterOrSelf": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test__fix_registry_registerSelfAdapter": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_absolute_asset_spec_already_absolute": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_absolute_asset_spec_notastring": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_absolute_asset_spec_relative": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_action_autocommit_with_introspectables": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_action_autocommit_with_introspectables_introspection_off": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_action_branching_kw_is_None": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_action_branching_kw_is_not_None": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_action_branching_nonautocommit_with_config_info": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_action_branching_nonautocommit_with_introspectables": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_action_branching_nonautocommit_without_config_info": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_action_nonautocommit_with_introspectables_introspection_off": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_autocommit_no_conflicts": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_begin": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_begin_does_not_propagate_request_for_diff_registry": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_begin_overrides_request": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_begin_propagates_request_for_same_registry": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_begin_with_request": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_commit_conflict_resolved_with_include": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_commit_conflict_resolved_with_two_includes_and_local": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_commit_conflict_simple": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_commit_conflict_with_two_includes": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_conflict_set_forbidden_view": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_conflict_set_notfound_view": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_context_manager": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_alternate_renderers": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_authentication_policy": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_authorization_policy_only": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_default_permission": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_default_renderers": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_default_view_mapper": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_default_webob_response_adapter_registered": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_exceptionresponse_view_None": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_exceptionresponse_view_custom": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_httpexception_view_default": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_no_root_factory": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_noreg_custom_settings": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_noreg_debug_logger_non_None": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_session_factory": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_with_introspection": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_with_package_registry": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_with_root_factory": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_end": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_hook_zca": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_include_threadlocals_active": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_include_with_dotted_name": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_include_with_missing_source_file": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_include_with_module_defaults_to_includeme": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_include_with_module_defaults_to_includeme_missing": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_include_with_nested_route_prefix": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_include_with_python_callable": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_include_with_route_prefix": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_introspector_decorator": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_make_wsgi_app": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_maybe_dotted_notstring_success": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_maybe_dotted_string_fail": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_maybe_dotted_string_success": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_scan_integration": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_scan_integration_dottedname_package": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_scan_integration_with_extra_kw": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_scan_integration_with_ignore": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_scan_integration_with_onerror": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_alternate_renderers": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_authentication_policy": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_authentication_policy_dottedname": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_authorization_policy_dottedname": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_authorization_policy_only": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_calls_fix_registry": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_custom_settings": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_debug_logger_name": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_debug_logger_non_None": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_default_permission": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_dottedname_root_factory": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_explicit_notfound_trumps_iexceptionresponse": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_includes": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_includes_spaces": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_locale_negotiator": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_locale_negotiator_dottedname": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_no_default_root_factory": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_registers_default_exceptionresponse_views": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_registers_default_view_predicates": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_registers_default_webob_iresponse_adapter": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_request_factory": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_request_factory_dottedname": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_response_factory": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_tweens": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_unhook_zca": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_with_package": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_with_package_module": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_with_package_package": "PASSED",
    "TestConfigurator_add_directive.test_directive_persists_across_configurator_creations": "PASSED",
    "TestConfigurator_add_directive.test_extend_action_method_successful": "PASSED",
    "TestConfigurator_add_directive.test_extend_same_name_doesnt_conflict": "PASSED",
    "TestConfigurator__add_predicate.test_factory_as_object": "PASSED",
    "TestActionState.test_action_simple": "PASSED",
    "TestActionState.test_action_with_includepath": "PASSED",
    "TestActionState.test_action_with_includepath_and_info": "PASSED",
    "TestActionState.test_action_with_info": "PASSED",
    "TestActionState.test_action_with_introspectables": "PASSED",
    "TestActionState.test_action_with_order": "PASSED",
    "TestActionState.test_execute_actions_dicts": "PASSED",
    "TestActionState.test_execute_actions_error": "PASSED",
    "TestActionState.test_execute_actions_tuples": "PASSED",
    "TestActionState.test_execute_actions_with_introspectable_no_callable": "PASSED",
    "TestActionState.test_execute_actions_with_introspectables": "PASSED",
    "TestActionState.test_executing_conflicting_action_across_orders": "PASSED",
    "TestActionState.test_executing_conflicting_action_across_reentrant_orders": "PASSED",
    "TestActionState.test_it": "PASSED",
    "TestActionState.test_processSpec": "PASSED",
    "TestActionState.test_reentrant_action": "PASSED",
    "TestActionState.test_reentrant_action_error": "PASSED",
    "TestActionState.test_reentrant_action_with_deferred_discriminator": "PASSED",
    "TestActionState.test_reentrant_action_without_clear": "PASSED",
    "Test_reentrant_action_functional.test_deferred_discriminator": "PASSED",
    "Test_reentrant_action_functional.test_functional": "PASSED",
    "Test_resolveConflicts.test_conflicts_across_orders": "PASSED",
    "Test_resolveConflicts.test_it_conflict": "PASSED",
    "Test_resolveConflicts.test_it_success_dicts": "PASSED",
    "Test_resolveConflicts.test_it_success_tuples": "PASSED",
    "Test_resolveConflicts.test_it_with_actions_grouped_by_order": "PASSED",
    "Test_resolveConflicts.test_override_success_across_orders": "PASSED",
    "TestGlobalRegistriesIntegration.test_global_registries": "PASSED",
    "TestGlobalRegistriesIntegration.test_global_registries_empty": "PASSED",
    "TestRenderingConfiguratorMixin.test_add_default_renderers": "PASSED",
    "TestRenderingConfiguratorMixin.test_add_renderer": "PASSED",
    "TestRenderingConfiguratorMixin.test_add_renderer_dottedname_factory": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorSecurityMethodsTests.test_add_permission": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorSecurityMethodsTests.test_changing_set_default_csrf_options": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorSecurityMethodsTests.test_set_authentication_policy_no_authz_policy": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorSecurityMethodsTests.test_set_authentication_policy_no_authz_policy_autocommit": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorSecurityMethodsTests.test_set_authentication_policy_with_authz_policy": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorSecurityMethodsTests.test_set_authentication_policy_with_authz_policy_autocommit": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorSecurityMethodsTests.test_set_authorization_policy_no_authn_policy": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorSecurityMethodsTests.test_set_authorization_policy_no_authn_policy_autocommit": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorSecurityMethodsTests.test_set_authorization_policy_with_authn_policy": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorSecurityMethodsTests.test_set_authorization_policy_with_authn_policy_autocommit": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorSecurityMethodsTests.test_set_default_csrf_options": "PASSED",
    "ConfiguratorSecurityMethodsTests.test_set_default_permission": "PASSED",
    "TestSettingsConfiguratorMixin.test__set_settings_as_None": "PASSED",
    "TestSettingsConfiguratorMixin.test__set_settings_as_dictwithvalues": "PASSED",
    "TestSettingsConfiguratorMixin.test__set_settings_does_not_uses_original_dict": "PASSED",
    "TestSettingsConfiguratorMixin.test_add_settings_settings_None": "PASSED",
    "TestSettingsConfiguratorMixin.test_add_settings_settings_already_registered": "PASSED",
    "TestSettingsConfiguratorMixin.test_add_settings_settings_not_yet_registered": "PASSED",
    "TestSettingsConfiguratorMixin.test_get_settings_nosettings": "PASSED",
    "TestSettingsConfiguratorMixin.test_get_settings_withsettings": "PASSED",
    "TestSettingsConfiguratorMixin.test_settings_parameter_dict_is_never_updated": "PASSED",
    "TestSettings.test_csrf_trusted_origins": "PASSED",
    "TestSettings.test_debug_all": "PASSED",
    "TestSettings.test_debug_authorization": "PASSED",
    "TestSettings.test_debug_notfound": "PASSED",
    "TestSettings.test_debug_routematch": "PASSED",
    "TestSettings.test_debug_templates": "PASSED",
    "TestSettings.test_default_locale_name": "PASSED",
    "TestSettings.test_noargs": "PASSED",
    "TestSettings.test_originals_kept": "PASSED",
    "TestSettings.test_prevent_cachebust": "PASSED",
    "TestSettings.test_prevent_http_cache": "PASSED",
    "TestSettings.test_reload_all": "PASSED",
    "TestSettings.test_reload_assets": "PASSED",
    "TestSettings.test_reload_resources": "PASSED",
    "TestSettings.test_reload_templates": "PASSED",
    "TestingConfiguratorMixinTests.test_testing_add_renderer": "PASSED",
    "TestingConfiguratorMixinTests.test_testing_add_renderer_explicitrenderer": "PASSED",
    "TestingConfiguratorMixinTests.test_testing_add_renderer_twice": "PASSED",
    "TestingConfiguratorMixinTests.test_testing_add_subscriber_defaults": "PASSED",
    "TestingConfiguratorMixinTests.test_testing_add_subscriber_dottedname": "PASSED",
    "TestingConfiguratorMixinTests.test_testing_add_subscriber_multiple": "PASSED",
    "TestingConfiguratorMixinTests.test_testing_add_subscriber_single": "PASSED",
    "TestingConfiguratorMixinTests.test_testing_add_template": "PASSED",
    "TestingConfiguratorMixinTests.test_testing_resources": "PASSED",
    "TestingConfiguratorMixinTests.test_testing_securitypolicy": "PASSED",
    "TestingConfiguratorMixinTests.test_testing_securitypolicy_forget_result": "PASSED",
    "TestingConfiguratorMixinTests.test_testing_securitypolicy_remember_result": "PASSED",
    "TestTweensConfiguratorMixin.test_add_tween_dottedname": "PASSED",
    "TestTweensConfiguratorMixin.test_add_tween_instance": "PASSED",
    "TestTweensConfiguratorMixin.test_add_tween_name_ingress": "PASSED",
    "TestTweensConfiguratorMixin.test_add_tween_name_main": "PASSED",
    "TestTweensConfiguratorMixin.test_add_tween_over_ingress": "PASSED",
    "TestTweensConfiguratorMixin.test_add_tween_over_ingress_iterable": "PASSED",
    "TestTweensConfiguratorMixin.test_add_tween_under_main": "PASSED",
    "TestTweensConfiguratorMixin.test_add_tween_under_main_iterable": "PASSED",
    "TestTweensConfiguratorMixin.test_add_tween_unsuitable": "PASSED",
    "TestTweensConfiguratorMixin.test_add_tweens_conflict": "PASSED",
    "TestTweensConfiguratorMixin.test_add_tweens_names_distinct": "PASSED",
    "TestTweensConfiguratorMixin.test_add_tweens_names_with_over_nonstringoriter": "PASSED",
    "TestTweensConfiguratorMixin.test_add_tweens_names_with_under_nonstringoriter": "PASSED",
    "TestTweensConfiguratorMixin.test_add_tweens_names_with_underover": "PASSED",
    "TestTweens.test___call___explicit": "PASSED",
    "TestTweens.test___call___implicit": "PASSED",
    "TestTweens.test_add_explicit": "PASSED",
    "TestTweens.test_add_implicit": "PASSED",
    "TestTweens.test_implicit_ordering_1": "PASSED",
    "TestTweens.test_implicit_ordering_2": "PASSED",
    "TestTweens.test_implicit_ordering_3": "PASSED",
    "TestTweens.test_implicit_ordering_4": "PASSED",
    "TestTweens.test_implicit_ordering_5": "PASSED",
    "TestTweens.test_implicit_ordering_conflict_direct": "PASSED",
    "TestTweens.test_implicit_ordering_conflict_indirect": "PASSED",
    "TestTweens.test_implicit_ordering_missing_over_and_under_partials": "PASSED",
    "TestTweens.test_implicit_ordering_missing_over_partial": "PASSED",
    "TestTweens.test_implicit_ordering_missing_over_partial_with_fallback": "PASSED",
    "TestTweens.test_implicit_ordering_missing_under_partial": "PASSED",
    "TestTweens.test_implicit_ordering_missing_under_partial_with_fallback": "PASSED",
    "TestTweens.test_implicit_ordering_with_missing_fallbacks": "PASSED",
    "TestTweens.test_implicit_ordering_with_multiple_matching_fallbacks": "PASSED",
    "TestTweens.test_implicit_ordering_with_partial_fallbacks": "PASSED",
    "TestActionInfo.test___str__": "PASSED",
    "TestActionInfo.test_class_conforms": "PASSED",
    "TestActionInfo.test_ctor": "PASSED",
    "TestActionInfo.test_instance_conforms": "PASSED",
    "TestPredicateList.test_custom_predicates_can_affect_traversal": "PASSED",
    "TestPredicateList.test_different_custom_predicates_with_same_hash": "PASSED",
    "TestPredicateList.test_match_param_from_dict": "PASSED",
    "TestPredicateList.test_match_param_from_dict_fails": "PASSED",
    "TestPredicateList.test_match_param_from_string": "PASSED",
    "TestPredicateList.test_match_param_from_string_fails": "PASSED",
    "TestPredicateList.test_notted": "PASSED",
    "TestPredicateList.test_ordering_importance_and_number": "PASSED",
    "TestPredicateList.test_ordering_importance_of_predicates": "PASSED",
    "TestPredicateList.test_ordering_number_of_predicates": "PASSED",
    "TestPredicateList.test_ordering_xhr_and_request_method_trump_only_containment": "PASSED",
    "TestPredicateList.test_predicate_close_matches": "PASSED",
    "TestPredicateList.test_predicate_text_is_correct": "PASSED",
    "TestPredicateList.test_request_method_ordering_hashes_same": "PASSED",
    "TestPredicateList.test_request_method_sequence": "PASSED",
    "TestPredicateList.test_traverse_has_remainder_already": "PASSED",
    "TestPredicateList.test_traverse_matches": "PASSED",
    "TestPredicateList.test_traverse_matches_with_highorder_chars": "PASSED",
    "TestPredicateList.test_unknown_predicate": "PASSED",
    "TestDeprecatedPredicates.test_it": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_static_view_here_no_utility_registered": "FAILED",
    "TestParseVars.test_parse_vars_bad": "PASSED",
    "TestParseVars.test_parse_vars_good": "PASSED",
    "TestPCreateCommand.test_confirm_override_conflicting_name": "PASSED",
    "TestPCreateCommand.test_force_override_conflicting_name": "PASSED",
    "TestPCreateCommand.test_force_override_site_name": "PASSED",
    "TestPCreateCommand.test_known_scaffold_absolute_path": "PASSED",
    "TestPCreateCommand.test_known_scaffold_multiple_rendered": "PASSED",
    "TestPCreateCommand.test_known_scaffold_single_rendered": "PASSED",
    "TestPCreateCommand.test_known_scaffold_with_path_as_project_target_rendered": "PASSED",
    "TestPCreateCommand.test_no_project_name": "PASSED",
    "TestPCreateCommand.test_run_no_scaffold_name": "PASSED",
    "TestPCreateCommand.test_run_no_scaffold_no_args": "PASSED",
    "TestPCreateCommand.test_run_show_scaffolds_exist": "PASSED",
    "TestPCreateCommand.test_run_show_scaffolds_none_exist": "PASSED",
    "TestPCreateCommand.test_scaffold_with_dev_pyramid_long_version": "PASSED",
    "TestPCreateCommand.test_scaffold_with_dev_pyramid_version": "PASSED",
    "TestPCreateCommand.test_scaffold_with_hyphen_in_project_name": "PASSED",
    "TestPCreateCommand.test_scaffold_with_package_name": "PASSED",
    "TestPCreateCommand.test_scaffold_with_prod_pyramid_long_version": "PASSED",
    "TestPCreateCommand.test_scaffold_with_prod_pyramid_unparsable_version": "PASSED",
    "TestPCreateCommand.test_scaffold_with_prod_pyramid_version": "PASSED",
    "TestPCreateCommand.test_unknown_scaffold_name": "PASSED",
    "Test_main.test_it": "PASSED",
    "TestPDistReportCommand.test_no_dists": "PASSED",
    "TestPDistReportCommand.test_with_dists": "PASSED",
    "TestPRequestCommand.test_command_display_headers": "PASSED",
    "TestPRequestCommand.test_command_has_bad_config_header": "PASSED",
    "TestPRequestCommand.test_command_has_content_type_header_var": "PASSED",
    "TestPRequestCommand.test_command_has_good_header_var": "PASSED",
    "TestPRequestCommand.test_command_has_multiple_header_vars": "PASSED",
    "TestPRequestCommand.test_command_method_configures_logging": "PASSED",
    "TestPRequestCommand.test_command_method_get": "PASSED",
    "TestPRequestCommand.test_command_method_options": "PASSED",
    "TestPRequestCommand.test_command_method_patch": "PASSED",
    "TestPRequestCommand.test_command_method_post": "PASSED",
    "TestPRequestCommand.test_command_method_propfind": "PASSED",
    "TestPRequestCommand.test_command_method_put": "PASSED",
    "TestPRequestCommand.test_command_not_enough_args": "PASSED",
    "TestPRequestCommand.test_command_path_doesnt_start_with_slash": "PASSED",
    "TestPRequestCommand.test_command_response_has_no_charset": "PASSED",
    "TestPRequestCommand.test_command_two_args": "PASSED",
    "TestPRequestCommand.test_command_w_basic_auth": "PASSED",
    "TestPRequestCommand.test_command_with_query_string": "PASSED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test__get_mapper": "PASSED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_bad_args": "PASSED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_bad_format": "PASSED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_class_view": "PASSED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_config_format_ini_commas": "PASSED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_config_format_ini_newlines": "PASSED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_config_format_ini_spaces": "PASSED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_good_args": "PASSED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_good_format": "PASSED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_no_mapper": "PASSED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_no_routes": "PASSED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_route_as_wsgiapp": "PASSED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_route_no_view": "PASSED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_route_with_no_slash_prefix": "PASSED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_single_route_multiview_registered": "PASSED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_single_route_no_route_registered": "PASSED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_single_route_no_views_registered": "PASSED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_single_route_one_view_registered_with_factory": "PASSED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_static_routes_included_in_list": "PASSED",
    "TestPServeCommand.test_config_file_finds_open_url": "PASSED",
    "TestPServeCommand.test_guess_server_url": "PASSED",
    "TestPServeCommand.test_parse_vars_bad": "PASSED",
    "TestPServeCommand.test_parse_vars_good": "PASSED",
    "TestPServeCommand.test_reload_call_hupper_with_correct_args": "PASSED",
    "TestPServeCommand.test_run_no_args": "PASSED",
    "TestPShellCommand.test_command_custom_section_override": "PASSED",
    "TestPShellCommand.test_command_default_shell_option": "PASSED",
    "TestPShellCommand.test_command_errors_with_unknown_shell": "PASSED",
    "TestPShellCommand.test_command_loads_check_variable_override_order": "PASSED",
    "TestPShellCommand.test_command_loads_custom_items": "PASSED",
    "TestPShellCommand.test_command_loads_default_shell": "PASSED",
    "TestPShellCommand.test_command_loads_ipython": "PASSED",
    "TestPShellCommand.test_command_loads_pythonstartup": "PASSED",
    "TestPShellCommand.test_command_loads_setup_from_options": "PASSED",
    "TestPShellCommand.test_command_setup": "PASSED",
    "TestPShellCommand.test_command_setup_generator": "PASSED",
    "TestPShellCommand.test_list_shells": "PASSED",
    "TestPShellCommand.test_shell_entry_points": "PASSED",
    "TestPShellCommand.test_shell_ordering": "PASSED",
    "TestPShellCommand.test_shell_override": "PASSED",
    "Test_python_shell_runner.test_it": "PASSED",
    "TestPTweensCommand.test__get_tweens": "PASSED",
    "TestPTweensCommand.test_command_implicit_and_explicit_tweens": "PASSED",
    "TestPTweensCommand.test_command_implicit_tweens_only": "PASSED",
    "TestPTweensCommand.test_command_no_tweens": "PASSED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test__find_multi_routes_all_match": "PASSED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test__find_multi_routes_none_match": "PASSED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test__find_multi_routes_some_match": "PASSED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test__find_view_no_match": "PASSED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test__find_view_no_match_multiview_registered": "PASSED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test__find_view_route_multiview": "PASSED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test__find_view_route_multiview_no_view_registered": "PASSED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test__find_view_route_no_multiview": "PASSED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test__find_view_traversal": "PASSED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test__find_view_traversal_multiview": "PASSED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test_views_command_multi_view_nested": "PASSED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test_views_command_multiview": "PASSED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test_views_command_multiview_with_permission": "PASSED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test_views_command_multiview_with_predicates": "PASSED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test_views_command_not_found": "PASSED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test_views_command_not_found_url_starts_without_slash": "PASSED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test_views_command_single_view_route": "PASSED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test_views_command_single_view_route_with_route_predicates": "PASSED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test_views_command_single_view_traversal": "PASSED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test_views_command_single_view_traversal_with_permission": "PASSED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test_views_command_single_view_traversal_with_predicates": "PASSED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_static_view_package_here_relative": "FAILED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_template_renderer": "FAILED",
    "TestViewsConfigurationMixin.test_add_view_with_template_renderer_no_callable": "FAILED",
    "TestMultiView.test_add": "FAILED",
    "TestStaticURLInfo.test_generate_url_cachebust_with_overrides": "FAILED",
    "Test_view_description.test_without_text": "FAILED",
    "AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_resource_url_adapter_dotted_names": "FAILED",
    "AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_resource_url_adapter_introspectables": "FAILED",
    "AdaptersConfiguratorMixinTests.test_add_traverser_dotted_names": "FAILED",
    "TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_directory_with_directory": "FAILED",
    "TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_directory_with_package": "FAILED",
    "TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_file_with_file": "FAILED",
    "TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_package_with_directory": "FAILED",
    "TestAssetsConfiguratorMixin.test_override_asset_package_with_package": "FAILED",
    "TestOverrideProvider.test_get_resource_filename_no_overrides": "FAILED",
    "TestOverrideProvider.test_get_resource_filename_override_returns_None": "FAILED",
    "TestPackageAssetSource.test_get_filename": "FAILED",
    "TestPackageAssetSource.test_get_filename_with_prefix": "FAILED",
    "TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_abspath": "FAILED",
    "TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_asset_spec": "FAILED",
    "TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_asset_spec_existing_translation_dirs": "FAILED",
    "TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_doesnt_use_override_w_autocommit": "FAILED",
    "TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_multiple_specs": "FAILED",
    "TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_multiple_specs_multiple_calls": "FAILED",
    "TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_override_multiple_specs_multiple_calls": "FAILED",
    "TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_uses_override_out_of_order": "FAILED",
    "TestI18NConfiguratorMixin.test_add_translation_dirs_uses_override_w_autocommit": "FAILED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_no_registry": "FAILED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_ctor_noreg_debug_logger_None_default": "FAILED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_include_constant_root_package": "FAILED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_scan_integration_conflict": "FAILED",
    "ConfiguratorTests.test_setup_registry_debug_logger_None_default": "FAILED",
    "TestConfigurator_add_directive.test_add_directive_with_custom_callable": "FAILED",
    "TestConfigurator_add_directive.test_add_directive_with_partial": "FAILED",
    "TestConfigurator_add_directive.test_extend_with_dotted_name": "FAILED",
    "TestConfigurator_add_directive.test_extend_with_python_callable": "FAILED",
    "TestConfigurator__add_predicate.test_factory_as_dotted_name": "FAILED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_one_route_all_methods_view_only_post": "FAILED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_one_route_only_post_view_all_methods": "FAILED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_one_route_only_post_view_post_and_get": "FAILED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_one_route_with_long_name_one_view_registered": "FAILED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_route_is_get_view_request_method_not_post": "FAILED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_route_request_method_mismatch": "FAILED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_route_static_views": "FAILED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_single_route_one_view_registered": "FAILED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_view_glob": "FAILED",
    "TestPRoutesCommand.test_view_request_method_not_post": "FAILED",
    "TestPServeCommand.test_config_file_finds_watch_files": "FAILED",
    "TestPViewsCommand.test_views_command_single_view_function_traversal": "FAILED"
}
diff --git a/pyramid/config/routes.py b/pyramid/config/routes.py
index e2f2e7782..01917537d 100644
--- a/pyramid/config/routes.py
+++ b/pyramid/config/routes.py
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ class RoutesConfiguratorMixin(object):
                 )
 
         if accept is not None:
-            if is_nonstr_iter(accept):
+            if not is_nonstr_iter(accept):
                 accept = [accept]
 
             accept = [accept_option.lower() for accept_option in accept]

{"pyramid/config/routes.py": "import contextlib\nimport warnings\n\nfrom pyramid.compat import urlparse\nfrom pyramid.interfaces import (\n    IRequest,\n    IRouteRequest,\n    IRoutesMapper,\n    PHASE2_CONFIG,\n    )\n\nfrom pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError\nfrom pyramid.request import route_request_iface\nfrom pyramid.urldispatch import RoutesMapper\n\nfrom pyramid.util import (\n    as_sorted_tuple,\n    is_nonstr_iter,\n)\n\nimport pyramid.predicates\n\nfrom pyramid.config.util import (\n    action_method,\n    predvalseq,\n)\n\nclass RoutesConfiguratorMixin(object):\n    @action_method\n    def add_route(self,\n                  name,\n                  pattern=None,\n                  factory=None,\n                  for_=None,\n                  header=None,\n                  xhr=None,\n                  accept=None,\n                  path_info=None,\n                  request_method=None,\n                  request_param=None,\n                  traverse=None,\n                  custom_predicates=(),\n                  use_global_views=False,\n                  path=None,\n                  pregenerator=None,\n                  static=False,\n                  **predicates):\n        \"\"\" Add a :term:`route configuration` to the current\n        configuration state, as well as possibly a :term:`view\n        configuration` to be used to specify a :term:`view callable`\n        that will be invoked when this route matches.  The arguments\n        to this method are divided into *predicate*, *non-predicate*,\n        and *view-related* types.  :term:`Route predicate` arguments\n        narrow the circumstances in which a route will be match a\n        request; non-predicate arguments are informational.\n\n        Non-Predicate Arguments\n\n        name\n\n          The name of the route, e.g. ``myroute``.  This attribute is\n          required.  It must be unique among all defined routes in a given\n          application.\n\n        factory\n\n          A Python object (often a function or a class) or a :term:`dotted\n          Python name` which refers to the same object that will generate a\n          :app:`Pyramid` root resource object when this route matches. For\n          example, ``mypackage.resources.MyFactory``.  If this argument is\n          not specified, a default root factory will be used.  See\n          :ref:`the_resource_tree` for more information about root factories.\n\n        traverse\n\n          If you would like to cause the :term:`context` to be\n          something other than the :term:`root` object when this route\n          matches, you can spell a traversal pattern as the\n          ``traverse`` argument.  This traversal pattern will be used\n          as the traversal path: traversal will begin at the root\n          object implied by this route (either the global root, or the\n          object returned by the ``factory`` associated with this\n          route).\n\n          The syntax of the ``traverse`` argument is the same as it is\n          for ``pattern``. For example, if the ``pattern`` provided to\n          ``add_route`` is ``articles/{article}/edit``, and the\n          ``traverse`` argument provided to ``add_route`` is\n          ``/{article}``, when a request comes in that causes the route\n          to match in such a way that the ``article`` match value is\n          ``'1'`` (when the request URI is ``/articles/1/edit``), the\n          traversal path will be generated as ``/1``.  This means that\n          the root object's ``__getitem__`` will be called with the\n          name ``'1'`` during the traversal phase.  If the ``'1'`` object\n          exists, it will become the :term:`context` of the request.\n          :ref:`traversal_chapter` has more information about\n          traversal.\n\n          If the traversal path contains segment marker names which\n          are not present in the ``pattern`` argument, a runtime error\n          will occur.  The ``traverse`` pattern should not contain\n          segment markers that do not exist in the ``pattern``\n          argument.\n\n          A similar combining of routing and traversal is available\n          when a route is matched which contains a ``*traverse``\n          remainder marker in its pattern (see\n          :ref:`using_traverse_in_a_route_pattern`).  The ``traverse``\n          argument to add_route allows you to associate route patterns\n          with an arbitrary traversal path without using a\n          ``*traverse`` remainder marker; instead you can use other\n          match information.\n\n          Note that the ``traverse`` argument to ``add_route`` is\n          ignored when attached to a route that has a ``*traverse``\n          remainder marker in its pattern.\n\n        pregenerator\n\n           This option should be a callable object that implements the\n           :class:`pyramid.interfaces.IRoutePregenerator` interface.  A\n           :term:`pregenerator` is a callable called by the\n           :meth:`pyramid.request.Request.route_url` function to augment or\n           replace the arguments it is passed when generating a URL for the\n           route.  This is a feature not often used directly by applications,\n           it is meant to be hooked by frameworks that use :app:`Pyramid` as\n           a base.\n\n        use_global_views\n\n          When a request matches this route, and view lookup cannot\n          find a view which has a ``route_name`` predicate argument\n          that matches the route, try to fall back to using a view\n          that otherwise matches the context, request, and view name\n          (but which does not match the route_name predicate).\n\n        static\n\n          If ``static`` is ``True``, this route will never match an incoming\n          request; it will only be useful for URL generation.  By default,\n          ``static`` is ``False``.  See :ref:`static_route_narr`.\n\n          .. versionadded:: 1.1\n\n        Predicate Arguments\n\n        pattern\n\n          The pattern of the route e.g. ``ideas/{idea}``.  This\n          argument is required.  See :ref:`route_pattern_syntax`\n          for information about the syntax of route patterns.  If the\n          pattern doesn't match the current URL, route matching\n          continues.\n\n          .. note::\n\n             For backwards compatibility purposes (as of :app:`Pyramid` 1.0), a\n             ``path`` keyword argument passed to this function will be used to\n             represent the pattern value if the ``pattern`` argument is\n             ``None``.  If both ``path`` and ``pattern`` are passed, ``pattern``\n             wins.\n\n        xhr\n\n          This value should be either ``True`` or ``False``.  If this\n          value is specified and is ``True``, the :term:`request` must\n          possess an ``HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH`` (aka\n          ``X-Requested-With``) header for this route to match.  This\n          is useful for detecting AJAX requests issued from jQuery,\n          Prototype and other Javascript libraries.  If this predicate\n          returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n        request_method\n\n          A string representing an HTTP method name, e.g. ``GET``, ``POST``,\n          ``HEAD``, ``DELETE``, ``PUT`` or a tuple of elements containing\n          HTTP method names.  If this argument is not specified, this route\n          will match if the request has *any* request method.  If this\n          predicate returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n          .. versionchanged:: 1.2\n             The ability to pass a tuple of items as ``request_method``.\n             Previous versions allowed only a string.\n\n        path_info\n\n          This value represents a regular expression pattern that will\n          be tested against the ``PATH_INFO`` WSGI environment\n          variable.  If the regex matches, this predicate will return\n          ``True``.  If this predicate returns ``False``, route\n          matching continues.\n\n        request_param\n\n          This value can be any string or an iterable of strings.  A view\n          declaration with this argument ensures that the associated route will\n          only match when the request has a key in the ``request.params``\n          dictionary (an HTTP ``GET`` or ``POST`` variable) that has a\n          name which matches the supplied value.  If the value\n          supplied as the argument has a ``=`` sign in it,\n          e.g. ``request_param=\"foo=123\"``, then the key\n          (``foo``) must both exist in the ``request.params`` dictionary, and\n          the value must match the right hand side of the expression (``123``)\n          for the route to \"match\" the current request.  If this predicate\n          returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n        header\n\n          This argument represents an HTTP header name or a header\n          name/value pair.  If the argument contains a ``:`` (colon),\n          it will be considered a name/value pair\n          (e.g. ``User-Agent:Mozilla/.*`` or ``Host:localhost``).  If\n          the value contains a colon, the value portion should be a\n          regular expression.  If the value does not contain a colon,\n          the entire value will be considered to be the header name\n          (e.g. ``If-Modified-Since``).  If the value evaluates to a\n          header name only without a value, the header specified by\n          the name must be present in the request for this predicate\n          to be true.  If the value evaluates to a header name/value\n          pair, the header specified by the name must be present in\n          the request *and* the regular expression specified as the\n          value must match the header value.  Whether or not the value\n          represents a header name or a header name/value pair, the\n          case of the header name is not significant.  If this\n          predicate returns ``False``, route matching continues.\n\n        accept\n\n          A :term:`media type` that will be matched against the ``Accept``\n          HTTP request header.  This value may be a specific media type such\n          as ``text/html``, or a range like ``text/*``, or a list of the same.\n          If the media type is acceptable by the ``Accept`` header of the\n          request, or if the ``Accept`` header isn't set at all in the\n          request, this predicate will match. If this does not match the\n          ``Accept`` header of the request, route matching continues.\n\n          If ``accept`` is not specified, the ``HTTP_ACCEPT`` HTTP header is\n          not taken into consideration when deciding whether or not to select\n          the route.\n\n        effective_principals\n\n          If specified, this value should be a :term:`principal` identifier or\n          a sequence of principal identifiers.  If the\n          :attr:`pyramid.request.Request.effective_principals` property\n          indicates that every principal named in the argument list is present\n          in the current request, this predicate will return True; otherwise it\n          will return False.  For example:\n          ``effective_principals=pyramid.security.Authenticated`` or\n          ``effective_principals=('fred', 'group:admins')``.\n\n          .. versionadded:: 1.4a4\n\n        custom_predicates\n\n          .. deprecated:: 1.5\n              This value should be a sequence of references to custom\n              predicate callables.  Use custom predicates when no set of\n              predefined predicates does what you need.  Custom predicates\n              can be combined with predefined predicates as necessary.\n              Each custom predicate callable should accept two arguments:\n              ``info`` and ``request`` and should return either ``True``\n              or ``False`` after doing arbitrary evaluation of the info\n              and/or the request.  If all custom and non-custom predicate\n              callables return ``True`` the associated route will be\n              considered viable for a given request.  If any predicate\n              callable returns ``False``, route matching continues.  Note\n              that the value ``info`` passed to a custom route predicate\n              is a dictionary containing matching information; see\n              :ref:`custom_route_predicates` for more information about\n              ``info``.\n\n        predicates\n\n          Pass a key/value pair here to use a third-party predicate\n          registered via\n          :meth:`pyramid.config.Configurator.add_route_predicate`.  More than\n          one key/value pair can be used at the same time.  See\n          :ref:`view_and_route_predicates` for more information about\n          third-party predicates.\n\n          .. versionadded:: 1.4\n\n        \"\"\"\n        if custom_predicates:\n            warnings.warn(\n                ('The \"custom_predicates\" argument to Configurator.add_route '\n                 'is deprecated as of Pyramid 1.5.  Use '\n                 '\"config.add_route_predicate\" and use the registered '\n                 'route predicate as a predicate argument to add_route '\n                 'instead. See \"Adding A Third Party View, Route, or '\n                 'Subscriber Predicate\" in the \"Hooks\" chapter of the '\n                 'documentation for more information.'),\n                DeprecationWarning,\n                stacklevel=3\n                )\n\n        if accept is not None:\n            if is_nonstr_iter(accept):\n                accept = [accept]\n\n            accept = [accept_option.lower() for accept_option in accept]\n\n        # these are route predicates; if they do not match, the next route\n        # in the routelist will be tried\n        if request_method is not None:\n            request_method = as_sorted_tuple(request_method)\n\n        factory = self.maybe_dotted(factory)\n        if pattern is None:\n            pattern = path\n        if pattern is None:\n            raise ConfigurationError('\"pattern\" argument may not be None')\n\n        # check for an external route; an external route is one which is\n        # is a full url (e.g. 'http://example.com/{id}')\n        parsed = urlparse.urlparse(pattern)\n        external_url = pattern\n\n        if parsed.hostname:\n            pattern = parsed.path\n\n            original_pregenerator = pregenerator\n            def external_url_pregenerator(request, elements, kw):\n                if '_app_url' in kw:\n                    raise ValueError(\n                        'You cannot generate a path to an external route '\n                        'pattern via request.route_path nor pass an _app_url '\n                        'to request.route_url when generating a URL for an '\n                        'external route pattern (pattern was \"%s\") ' %\n                        (pattern,)\n                        )\n                if '_scheme' in kw:\n                    scheme = kw['_scheme']\n                elif parsed.scheme:\n                    scheme = parsed.scheme\n                else:\n                    scheme = request.scheme\n                kw['_app_url'] = '{0}://{1}'.format(scheme, parsed.netloc)\n\n                if original_pregenerator:\n                    elements, kw = original_pregenerator(\n                        request, elements, kw)\n                return elements, kw\n\n            pregenerator = external_url_pregenerator\n            static = True\n\n        elif self.route_prefix:\n            pattern = self.route_prefix.rstrip('/') + '/' + pattern.lstrip('/')\n\n        mapper = self.get_routes_mapper()\n\n        introspectables = []\n\n        intr = self.introspectable('routes',\n                                   name,\n                                   '%s (pattern: %r)' % (name, pattern),\n                                   'route')\n        intr['name'] = name\n        intr['pattern'] = pattern\n        intr['factory'] = factory\n        intr['xhr'] = xhr\n        intr['request_methods'] = request_method\n        intr['path_info'] = path_info\n        intr['request_param'] = request_param\n        intr['header'] = header\n        intr['accept'] = accept\n        intr['traverse'] = traverse\n        intr['custom_predicates'] = custom_predicates\n        intr['pregenerator'] = pregenerator\n        intr['static'] = static\n        intr['use_global_views'] = use_global_views\n\n        if static is True:\n            intr['external_url'] = external_url\n\n        introspectables.append(intr)\n\n        if factory:\n            factory_intr = self.introspectable('root factories',\n                                               name,\n                                               self.object_description(factory),\n                                               'root factory')\n            factory_intr['factory'] = factory\n            factory_intr['route_name'] = name\n            factory_intr.relate('routes', name)\n            introspectables.append(factory_intr)\n\n        def register_route_request_iface():\n            request_iface = self.registry.queryUtility(IRouteRequest, name=name)\n            if request_iface is None:\n                if use_global_views:\n                    bases = (IRequest,)\n                else:\n                    bases = ()\n                request_iface = route_request_iface(name, bases)\n                self.registry.registerUtility(\n                    request_iface, IRouteRequest, name=name)\n\n        def register_connect():\n            pvals = predicates.copy()\n            pvals.update(\n                dict(\n                    xhr=xhr,\n                    request_method=request_method,\n                    path_info=path_info,\n                    request_param=request_param,\n                    header=header,\n                    accept=accept,\n                    traverse=traverse,\n                    custom=predvalseq(custom_predicates),\n                    )\n                )\n\n            predlist = self.get_predlist('route')\n            _, preds, _ = predlist.make(self, **pvals)\n            route = mapper.connect(\n                name, pattern, factory, predicates=preds,\n                pregenerator=pregenerator, static=static\n                )\n            intr['object'] = route\n            return route\n\n        # We have to connect routes in the order they were provided;\n        # we can't use a phase to do that, because when the actions are\n        # sorted, actions in the same phase lose relative ordering\n        self.action(('route-connect', name), register_connect)\n\n        # But IRouteRequest interfaces must be registered before we begin to\n        # process view registrations (in phase 3)\n        self.action(('route', name), register_route_request_iface,\n                    order=PHASE2_CONFIG, introspectables=introspectables)\n\n    @action_method\n    def add_route_predicate(self, name, factory, weighs_more_than=None,\n                            weighs_less_than=None):\n        \"\"\" Adds a route predicate factory.  The view predicate can later be\n        named as a keyword argument to\n        :meth:`pyramid.config.Configurator.add_route`.\n\n        ``name`` should be the name of the predicate.  It must be a valid\n        Python identifier (it will be used as a keyword argument to\n        ``add_route``).\n\n        ``factory`` should be a :term:`predicate factory` or :term:`dotted\n        Python name` which refers to a predicate factory.\n\n        See :ref:`view_and_route_predicates` for more information.\n\n        .. versionadded:: 1.4\n        \"\"\"\n        self._add_predicate(\n            'route',\n            name,\n            factory,\n            weighs_more_than=weighs_more_than,\n            weighs_less_than=weighs_less_than\n            )\n\n    def add_default_route_predicates(self):\n        p = pyramid.predicates\n        for (name, factory) in (\n            ('xhr', p.XHRPredicate),\n            ('request_method', p.RequestMethodPredicate),\n            ('path_info', p.PathInfoPredicate),\n            ('request_param', p.RequestParamPredicate),\n            ('header', p.HeaderPredicate),\n            ('accept', p.AcceptPredicate),\n            ('effective_principals', p.EffectivePrincipalsPredicate),\n            ('custom', p.CustomPredicate),\n            ('traverse', p.TraversePredicate),\n            ):\n            self.add_route_predicate(name, factory)\n\n    def get_routes_mapper(self):\n        \"\"\" Return the :term:`routes mapper` object associated with\n        this configurator's :term:`registry`.\"\"\"\n        mapper = self.registry.queryUtility(IRoutesMapper)\n        if mapper is None:\n            mapper = RoutesMapper()\n            self.registry.registerUtility(mapper, IRoutesMapper)\n        return mapper\n\n    @contextlib.contextmanager\n    def route_prefix_context(self, route_prefix):\n        \"\"\" Return this configurator with the\n        :attr:`pyramid.config.Configurator.route_prefix` attribute mutated to\n        include the new ``route_prefix``.\n\n        When the context exits, the ``route_prefix`` is reset to the original.\n\n        Example Usage:\n\n        >>> config = Configurator()\n        >>> with config.route_prefix_context('foo'):\n        ...     config.add_route('bar', '/bar')\n\n        Arguments\n\n        route_prefix\n\n          A string suitable to be used as a route prefix, or ``None``.\n\n        .. versionadded:: 1.10\n        \"\"\"\n\n        original_route_prefix = self.route_prefix\n\n        if route_prefix is None:\n            route_prefix = ''\n\n        old_route_prefix = self.route_prefix\n        if old_route_prefix is None:\n            old_route_prefix = ''\n\n        route_prefix = '{}/{}'.format(\n            old_route_prefix.rstrip('/'),\n            route_prefix.lstrip('/'),\n        )\n\n        route_prefix = route_prefix.strip('/')\n\n        if not route_prefix:\n            route_prefix = None\n\n        self.begin()\n        try:\n            self.route_prefix = route_prefix\n            yield\n\n        finally:\n            self.route_prefix = original_route_prefix\n            self.end()\n"}
A user will ask you to solve a task. You should first draft your thinking process (inner monologue). Then, generate the solution.

Your response format must follow the template below:
<think>
Your thoughts or/and draft, like working through an exercise on scratch paper. Be as casual and as long as you want until you are confident to generate a correct solution.
</think>
<solution>
Final solution presented to the user.
</solution>
system
We are currently solving the following issue within our repository. Here is the issue text:
--- BEGIN ISSUE ---
[ISSUE]
**Title:** AttributeError When Adding Route with 'accept' as a List

**Description:**
When configuring a route with the `accept` parameter as a list of MIME types, an `AttributeError` is raised. This occurs because the code attempts to call the `lower()` method on a list object instead of individual string elements within the list.

**Example Code:**
```python
from pyramid.config import Configurator

config = Configurator()
config.add_route('my_route', '/path', accept=['text/xml', 'text/plain'])
```

**Expected Behavior:**
The route should be added successfully, processing each MIME type in the `accept` list by converting them to lowercase without errors.

**Actual Behavior:**
An `AttributeError` is raised:
```
AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'lower'
```

This prevents the route from being added correctly and disrupts the application's routing configuration.

[/ISSUE]
--- END ISSUE ---

Below are some code segments, each from a relevant file. One or more of these files may contain bugs.

--- BEGIN FILE ---
```
### pyramid/config/routes.py
import contextlib
import warnings

from pyramid.compat import urlparse
from pyramid.interfaces import (
    IRequest,
    IRouteRequest,
    IRoutesMapper,
    PHASE2_CONFIG,
    )

from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError
from pyramid.request import route_request_iface
from pyramid.urldispatch import RoutesMapper

from pyramid.util import (
    as_sorted_tuple,
    is_nonstr_iter,
)

import pyramid.predicates

from pyramid.config.util import (
    action_method,
    predvalseq,
)

class RoutesConfiguratorMixin(object):
    @action_method
    def add_route(self,
                  name,
                  pattern=None,
                  factory=None,
                  for_=None,
                  header=None,
                  xhr=None,
                  accept=None,
                  path_info=None,
                  request_method=None,
                  request_param=None,
                  traverse=None,
                  custom_predicates=(),
                  use_global_views=False,
                  path=None,
                  pregenerator=None,
                  static=False,
                  **predicates):
        """ Add a :term:`route configuration` to the current
        configuration state, as well as possibly a :term:`view
        configuration` to be used to specify a :term:`view callable`
        that will be invoked when this route matches.  The arguments
        to this method are divided into *predicate*, *non-predicate*,
        and *view-related* types.  :term:`Route predicate` arguments
        narrow the circumstances in which a route will be match a
        request; non-predicate arguments are informational.

        Non-Predicate Arguments

        name

          The name of the route, e.g. ``myroute``.  This attribute is
          required.  It must be unique among all defined routes in a given
          application.

        factory

          A Python object (often a function or a class) or a :term:`dotted
          Python name` which refers to the same object that will generate a
          :app:`Pyramid` root resource object when this route matches. For
          example, ``mypackage.resources.MyFactory``.  If this argument is
          not specified, a default root factory will be used.  See
          :ref:`the_resource_tree` for more information about root factories.

        traverse

          If you would like to cause the :term:`context` to be
          something other than the :term:`root` object when this route
          matches, you can spell a traversal pattern as the
          ``traverse`` argument.  This traversal pattern will be used
          as the traversal path: traversal will begin at the root
          object implied by this route (either the global root, or the
          object returned by the ``factory`` associated with this
          route).

          The syntax of the ``traverse`` argument is the same as it is
          for ``pattern``. For example, if the ``pattern`` provided to
          ``add_route`` is ``articles/{article}/edit``, and the
          ``traverse`` argument provided to ``add_route`` is
          ``/{article}``, when a request comes in that causes the route
          to match in such a way that the ``article`` match value is
          ``'1'`` (when the request URI is ``/articles/1/edit``), the
          traversal path will be generated as ``/1``.  This means that
          the root object's ``__getitem__`` will be called with the
          name ``'1'`` during the traversal phase.  If the ``'1'`` object
          exists, it will become the :term:`context` of the request.
          :ref:`traversal_chapter` has more information about
          traversal.

          If the traversal path contains segment marker names which
          are not present in the ``pattern`` argument, a runtime error
          will occur.  The ``traverse`` pattern should not contain
          segment markers that do not exist in the ``pattern``
          argument.

          A similar combining of routing and traversal is available
          when a route is matched which contains a ``*traverse``
          remainder marker in its pattern (see
          :ref:`using_traverse_in_a_route_pattern`).  The ``traverse``
          argument to add_route allows you to associate route patterns
          with an arbitrary traversal path without using a
          ``*traverse`` remainder marker; instead you can use other
          match information.

          Note that the ``traverse`` argument to ``add_route`` is
          ignored when attached to a route that has a ``*traverse``
          remainder marker in its pattern.

        pregenerator

           This option should be a callable object that implements the
           :class:`pyramid.interfaces.IRoutePregenerator` interface.  A
           :term:`pregenerator` is a callable called by the
           :meth:`pyramid.request.Request.route_url` function to augment or
           replace the arguments it is passed when generating a URL for the
           route.  This is a feature not often used directly by applications,
           it is meant to be hooked by frameworks that use :app:`Pyramid` as
           a base.

        use_global_views

          When a request matches this route, and view lookup cannot
          find a view which has a ``route_name`` predicate argument
          that matches the route, try to fall back to using a view
          that otherwise matches the context, request, and view name
          (but which does not match the route_name predicate).

        static

          If ``static`` is ``True``, this route will never match an incoming
          request; it will only be useful for URL generation.  By default,
          ``static`` is ``False``.  See :ref:`static_route_narr`.

          .. versionadded:: 1.1

        Predicate Arguments

        pattern

          The pattern of the route e.g. ``ideas/{idea}``.  This
          argument is required.  See :ref:`route_pattern_syntax`
          for information about the syntax of route patterns.  If the
          pattern doesn't match the current URL, route matching
          continues.

          .. note::

             For backwards compatibility purposes (as of :app:`Pyramid` 1.0), a
             ``path`` keyword argument passed to this function will be used to
             represent the pattern value if the ``pattern`` argument is
             ``None``.  If both ``path`` and ``pattern`` are passed, ``pattern``
             wins.

        xhr

          This value should be either ``True`` or ``False``.  If this
          value is specified and is ``True``, the :term:`request` must
          possess an ``HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH`` (aka
          ``X-Requested-With``) header for this route to match.  This
          is useful for detecting AJAX requests issued from jQuery,
          Prototype and other Javascript libraries.  If this predicate
          returns ``False``, route matching continues.

        request_method

          A string representing an HTTP method name, e.g. ``GET``, ``POST``,
          ``HEAD``, ``DELETE``, ``PUT`` or a tuple of elements containing
          HTTP method names.  If this argument is not specified, this route
          will match if the request has *any* request method.  If this
          predicate returns ``False``, route matching continues.

          .. versionchanged:: 1.2
             The ability to pass a tuple of items as ``request_method``.
             Previous versions allowed only a string.

        path_info

          This value represents a regular expression pattern that will
          be tested against the ``PATH_INFO`` WSGI environment
          variable.  If the regex matches, this predicate will return
          ``True``.  If this predicate returns ``False``, route
          matching continues.

        request_param

          This value can be any string or an iterable of strings.  A view
          declaration with this argument ensures that the associated route will
          only match when the request has a key in the ``request.params``
          dictionary (an HTTP ``GET`` or ``POST`` variable) that has a
          name which matches the supplied value.  If the value
          supplied as the argument has a ``=`` sign in it,
          e.g. ``request_param="foo=123"``, then the key
          (``foo``) must both exist in the ``request.params`` dictionary, and
          the value must match the right hand side of the expression (``123``)
          for the route to "match" the current request.  If this predicate
          returns ``False``, route matching continues.

        header

          This argument represents an HTTP header name or a header
          name/value pair.  If the argument contains a ``:`` (colon),
          it will be considered a name/value pair
          (e.g. ``User-Agent:Mozilla/.*`` or ``Host:localhost``).  If
          the value contains a colon, the value portion should be a
          regular expression.  If the value does not contain a colon,
          the entire value will be considered to be the header name
          (e.g. ``If-Modified-Since``).  If the value evaluates to a
          header name only without a value, the header specified by
          the name must be present in the request for this predicate
          to be true.  If the value evaluates to a header name/value
          pair, the header specified by the name must be present in
          the request *and* the regular expression specified as the
          value must match the header value.  Whether or not the value
          represents a header name or a header name/value pair, the
          case of the header name is not significant.  If this
          predicate returns ``False``, route matching continues.

        accept

          A :term:`media type` that will be matched against the ``Accept``
          HTTP request header.  This value may be a specific media type such
          as ``text/html``, or a range like ``text/*``, or a list of the same.
          If the media type is acceptable by the ``Accept`` header of the
          request, or if the ``Accept`` header isn't set at all in the
          request, this predicate will match. If this does not match the
          ``Accept`` header of the request, route matching continues.

          If ``accept`` is not specified, the ``HTTP_ACCEPT`` HTTP header is
          not taken into consideration when deciding whether or not to select
          the route.

        effective_principals

          If specified, this value should be a :term:`principal` identifier or
          a sequence of principal identifiers.  If the
          :attr:`pyramid.request.Request.effective_principals` property
          indicates that every principal named in the argument list is present
          in the current request, this predicate will return True; otherwise it
          will return False.  For example:
          ``effective_principals=pyramid.security.Authenticated`` or
          ``effective_principals=('fred', 'group:admins')``.

          .. versionadded:: 1.4a4

        custom_predicates

          .. deprecated:: 1.5
              This value should be a sequence of references to custom
              predicate callables.  Use custom predicates when no set of
              predefined predicates does what you need.  Custom predicates
              can be combined with predefined predicates as necessary.
              Each custom predicate callable should accept two arguments:
              ``info`` and ``request`` and should return either ``True``
              or ``False`` after doing arbitrary evaluation of the info
              and/or the request.  If all custom and non-custom predicate
              callables return ``True`` the associated route will be
              considered viable for a given request.  If any predicate
              callable returns ``False``, route matching continues.  Note
              that the value ``info`` passed to a custom route predicate
              is a dictionary containing matching information; see
              :ref:`custom_route_predicates` for more information about
              ``info``.

        predicates

          Pass a key/value pair here to use a third-party predicate
          registered via
          :meth:`pyramid.config.Configurator.add_route_predicate`.  More than
          one key/value pair can be used at the same time.  See
          :ref:`view_and_route_predicates` for more information about
          third-party predicates.

          .. versionadded:: 1.4

        """
        if custom_predicates:
            warnings.warn(
                ('The "custom_predicates" argument to Configurator.add_route '
                 'is deprecated as of Pyramid 1.5.  Use '
                 '"config.add_route_predicate" and use the registered '
                 'route predicate as a predicate argument to add_route '
                 'instead. See "Adding A Third Party View, Route, or '
                 'Subscriber Predicate" in the "Hooks" chapter of the '
                 'documentation for more information.'),
                DeprecationWarning,
                stacklevel=3
                )

        if accept is not None:
            if is_nonstr_iter(accept):
                accept = [accept]

            accept = [accept_option.lower() for accept_option in accept]

        # these are route predicates; if they do not match, the next route
        # in the routelist will be tried
        if request_method is not None:
            request_method = as_sorted_tuple(request_method)

        factory = self.maybe_dotted(factory)
        if pattern is None:
            pattern = path
        if pattern is None:
            raise ConfigurationError('"pattern" argument may not be None')

        # check for an external route; an external route is one which is
        # is a full url (e.g. 'http://example.com/{id}')
        parsed = urlparse.urlparse(pattern)
        external_url = pattern

        if parsed.hostname:
            pattern = parsed.path

            original_pregenerator = pregenerator
            def external_url_pregenerator(request, elements, kw):
                if '_app_url' in kw:
                    raise ValueError(
                        'You cannot generate a path to an external route '
                        'pattern via request.route_path nor pass an _app_url '
                        'to request.route_url when generating a URL for an '
                        'external route pattern (pattern was "%s") ' %
                        (pattern,)
                        )
                if '_scheme' in kw:
                    scheme = kw['_scheme']
                elif parsed.scheme:
                    scheme = parsed.scheme
                else:
                    scheme = request.scheme
                kw['_app_url'] = '{0}://{1}'.format(scheme, parsed.netloc)

                if original_pregenerator:
                    elements, kw = original_pregenerator(
                        request, elements, kw)
                return elements, kw

            pregenerator = external_url_pregenerator
            static = True

        elif self.route_prefix:
            pattern = self.route_prefix.rstrip('/') + '/' + pattern.lstrip('/')

        mapper = self.get_routes_mapper()

        introspectables = []

        intr = self.introspectable('routes',
                                   name,
                                   '%s (pattern: %r)' % (name, pattern),
                                   'route')
        intr['name'] = name
        intr['pattern'] = pattern
        intr['factory'] = factory
        intr['xhr'] = xhr
        intr['request_methods'] = request_method
        intr['path_info'] = path_info
        intr['request_param'] = request_param
        intr['header'] = header
        intr['accept'] = accept
        intr['traverse'] = traverse
        intr['custom_predicates'] = custom_predicates
        intr['pregenerator'] = pregenerator
        intr['static'] = static
        intr['use_global_views'] = use_global_views

        if static is True:
            intr['external_url'] = external_url

        introspectables.append(intr)

        if factory:
            factory_intr = self.introspectable('root factories',
                                               name,
                                               self.object_description(factory),
                                               'root factory')
            factory_intr['factory'] = factory
            factory_intr['route_name'] = name
            factory_intr.relate('routes', name)
            introspectables.append(factory_intr)

        def register_route_request_iface():
            request_iface = self.registry.queryUtility(IRouteRequest, name=name)
            if request_iface is None:
                if use_global_views:
                    bases = (IRequest,)
                else:
                    bases = ()
                request_iface = route_request_iface(name, bases)
                self.registry.registerUtility(
                    request_iface, IRouteRequest, name=name)

        def register_connect():
            pvals = predicates.copy()
            pvals.update(
                dict(
                    xhr=xhr,
                    request_method=request_method,
                    path_info=path_info,
                    request_param=request_param,
                    header=header,
                    accept=accept,
                    traverse=traverse,
                    custom=predvalseq(custom_predicates),
                    )
                )

            predlist = self.get_predlist('route')
            _, preds, _ = predlist.make(self, **pvals)
            route = mapper.connect(
                name, pattern, factory, predicates=preds,
                pregenerator=pregenerator, static=static
                )
            intr['object'] = route
            return route

        # We have to connect routes in the order they were provided;
        # we can't use a phase to do that, because when the actions are
        # sorted, actions in the same phase lose relative ordering
        self.action(('route-connect', name), register_connect)

        # But IRouteRequest interfaces must be registered before we begin to
        # process view registrations (in phase 3)
        self.action(('route', name), register_route_request_iface,
                    order=PHASE2_CONFIG, introspectables=introspectables)

    @action_method
    def add_route_predicate(self, name, factory, weighs_more_than=None,
                            weighs_less_than=None):
        """ Adds a route predicate factory.  The view predicate can later be
        named as a keyword argument to
        :meth:`pyramid.config.Configurator.add_route`.

        ``name`` should be the name of the predicate.  It must be a valid
        Python identifier (it will be used as a keyword argument to
        ``add_route``).

        ``factory`` should be a :term:`predicate factory` or :term:`dotted
        Python name` which refers to a predicate factory.

        See :ref:`view_and_route_predicates` for more information.

        .. versionadded:: 1.4
        """
        self._add_predicate(
            'route',
            name,
            factory,
            weighs_more_than=weighs_more_than,
            weighs_less_than=weighs_less_than
            )

    def add_default_route_predicates(self):
        p = pyramid.predicates
        for (name, factory) in (
            ('xhr', p.XHRPredicate),
            ('request_method', p.RequestMethodPredicate),
            ('path_info', p.PathInfoPredicate),
            ('request_param', p.RequestParamPredicate),
            ('header', p.HeaderPredicate),
            ('accept', p.AcceptPredicate),
            ('effective_principals', p.EffectivePrincipalsPredicate),
            ('custom', p.CustomPredicate),
            ('traverse', p.TraversePredicate),
            ):
            self.add_route_predicate(name, factory)

    def get_routes_mapper(self):
        """ Return the :term:`routes mapper` object associated with
        this configurator's :term:`registry`."""
        mapper = self.registry.queryUtility(IRoutesMapper)
        if mapper is None:
            mapper = RoutesMapper()
            self.registry.registerUtility(mapper, IRoutesMapper)
        return mapper

    @contextlib.contextmanager
    def route_prefix_context(self, route_prefix):
        """ Return this configurator with the
        :attr:`pyramid.config.Configurator.route_prefix` attribute mutated to
        include the new ``route_prefix``.

        When the context exits, the ``route_prefix`` is reset to the original.

        Example Usage:

        >>> config = Configurator()
        >>> with config.route_prefix_context('foo'):
        ...     config.add_route('bar', '/bar')

        Arguments

        route_prefix

          A string suitable to be used as a route prefix, or ``None``.

        .. versionadded:: 1.10
        """

        original_route_prefix = self.route_prefix

        if route_prefix is None:
            route_prefix = ''

        old_route_prefix = self.route_prefix
        if old_route_prefix is None:
            old_route_prefix = ''

        route_prefix = '{}/{}'.format(
            old_route_prefix.rstrip('/'),
            route_prefix.lstrip('/'),
        )

        route_prefix = route_prefix.strip('/')

        if not route_prefix:
            route_prefix = None

        self.begin()
        try:
            self.route_prefix = route_prefix
            yield

        finally:
            self.route_prefix = original_route_prefix
            self.end()

```
--- END FILE ---

Please first localize the bug based on the issue statement, and then generate *SEARCH/REPLACE* edits to fix the issue.

Every *SEARCH/REPLACE* edit must use this format:
1. The file path
2. The start of search block: <<<<<<< SEARCH
3. A contiguous chunk of lines to search for in the existing source code
4. The dividing line: =======
5. The lines to replace into the source code
6. The end of the replace block: >>>>>>> REPLACE

Here is an example:

```python
### mathweb/flask/app.py
<<<<<<< SEARCH
from flask import Flask
=======
import math
from flask import Flask
>>>>>>> REPLACE
```
</solution>

Please note that the *SEARCH/REPLACE* edit REQUIRES PROPER INDENTATION. If you would like to add the line '        print(x)', you must fully write that out, with all those spaces before the code!
Wrap each *SEARCH/REPLACE* edit in a code block as shown in the example above. If you have multiple *SEARCH/REPLACE* edits, use a separate code block for each one.
user