{
    "file_diffs": [
        {
            "old_file_content": "import pytest\n\nfrom PIL import Image, ImagePalette\n\nfrom .helper import assert_image_equal, assert_image_equal_tofile\n\n\ndef test_sanity():\n\n    palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette(\"RGB\", list(range(256)) * 3)\n    assert len(palette.colors) == 256\n\n    with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n        ImagePalette.ImagePalette(\"RGB\", list(range(256)) * 3, 10)\n\n\ndef test_reload():\n    im = Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.gif\")\n    original = im.copy()\n    im.palette.dirty = 1\n    assert_image_equal(im.convert(\"RGB\"), original.convert(\"RGB\"))\n\n\ndef test_getcolor():\n\n    palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette()\n    assert len(palette.palette) == 0\n    assert len(palette.colors) == 0\n\n    test_map = {}\n    for i in range(256):\n        test_map[palette.getcolor((i, i, i))] = i\n    assert len(test_map) == 256\n\n    # Colors can be converted between RGB and RGBA\n    rgba_palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette(\"RGBA\")\n    assert rgba_palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0)) == rgba_palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0, 255))\n\n    assert palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0)) == palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0, 255))\n\n    # An error is raised when the palette is full\n    with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n        palette.getcolor((1, 2, 3))\n    # But not if the image is not using one of the palette entries\n    palette.getcolor((1, 2, 3), image=Image.new(\"P\", (1, 1)))\n\n    # Test unknown color specifier\n    with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n        palette.getcolor(\"unknown\")\n\n\ndef test_file(tmp_path):\n\n    palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette(\"RGB\", list(range(256)) * 3)\n\n    f = str(tmp_path / \"temp.lut\")\n\n    palette.save(f)\n\n    p = ImagePalette.load(f)\n\n    # load returns raw palette information\n    assert len(p[0]) == 768\n    assert p[1] == \"RGB\"\n\n    p = ImagePalette.raw(p[1], p[0])\n    assert isinstance(p, ImagePalette.ImagePalette)\n    assert p.palette == palette.tobytes()\n\n\ndef test_make_linear_lut():\n    # Arrange\n    black = 0\n    white = 255\n\n    # Act\n    lut = ImagePalette.make_linear_lut(black, white)\n\n    # Assert\n    assert isinstance(lut, list)\n    assert len(lut) == 256\n    # Check values\n    for i in range(0, len(lut)):\n        assert lut[i] == i\n\n\ndef test_make_linear_lut_not_yet_implemented():\n    # Update after FIXME\n    # Arrange\n    black = 1\n    white = 255\n\n    # Act\n    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):\n        ImagePalette.make_linear_lut(black, white)\n\n\ndef test_make_gamma_lut():\n    # Arrange\n    exp = 5\n\n    # Act\n    lut = ImagePalette.make_gamma_lut(exp)\n\n    # Assert\n    assert isinstance(lut, list)\n    assert len(lut) == 256\n    # Check a few values\n    assert lut[0] == 0\n    assert lut[63] == 0\n    assert lut[127] == 8\n    assert lut[191] == 60\n    assert lut[255] == 255\n\n\ndef test_rawmode_valueerrors(tmp_path):\n    # Arrange\n    palette = ImagePalette.raw(\"RGB\", list(range(256)) * 3)\n\n    # Act / Assert\n    with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n        palette.tobytes()\n    with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n        palette.getcolor((1, 2, 3))\n    f = str(tmp_path / \"temp.lut\")\n    with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n        palette.save(f)\n\n\ndef test_getdata():\n    # Arrange\n    data_in = list(range(256)) * 3\n    palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette(\"RGB\", data_in)\n\n    # Act\n    mode, data_out = palette.getdata()\n\n    # Assert\n    assert mode == \"RGB\"\n\n\ndef test_rawmode_getdata():\n    # Arrange\n    data_in = list(range(256)) * 3\n    palette = ImagePalette.raw(\"RGB\", data_in)\n\n    # Act\n    rawmode, data_out = palette.getdata()\n\n    # Assert\n    assert rawmode == \"RGB\"\n    assert data_in == data_out\n\n\ndef test_2bit_palette(tmp_path):\n    # issue #2258, 2 bit palettes are corrupted.\n    outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.png\")\n\n    rgb = b\"\\x00\" * 2 + b\"\\x01\" * 2 + b\"\\x02\" * 2\n    img = Image.frombytes(\"P\", (6, 1), rgb)\n    img.putpalette(b\"\\xFF\\x00\\x00\\x00\\xFF\\x00\\x00\\x00\\xFF\")  # RGB\n    img.save(outfile, format=\"PNG\")\n\n    assert_image_equal_tofile(img, outfile)\n\n\ndef test_invalid_palette():\n    with pytest.raises(OSError):\n        ImagePalette.load(\"Tests/images/hopper.jpg\")\n",
            "new_file_content": "import pytest\n\nfrom PIL import Image, ImagePalette\n\nfrom .helper import assert_image_equal, assert_image_equal_tofile\n\n\ndef test_sanity():\n\n    palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette(\"RGB\", list(range(256)) * 3)\n    assert len(palette.colors) == 256\n\n    with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n        ImagePalette.ImagePalette(\"RGB\", list(range(256)) * 3, 10)\n\n\ndef test_reload():\n    im = Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.gif\")\n    original = im.copy()\n    im.palette.dirty = 1\n    assert_image_equal(im.convert(\"RGB\"), original.convert(\"RGB\"))\n\n\ndef test_getcolor():\n\n    palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette()\n    assert len(palette.palette) == 0\n    assert len(palette.colors) == 0\n\n    test_map = {}\n    for i in range(256):\n        test_map[palette.getcolor((i, i, i))] = i\n    assert len(test_map) == 256\n\n    # Colors can be converted between RGB and RGBA\n    rgba_palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette(\"RGBA\")\n    assert rgba_palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0)) == rgba_palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0, 255))\n\n    assert palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0)) == palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0, 255))\n\n    # An error is raised when the palette is full\n    with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n        palette.getcolor((1, 2, 3))\n    # But not if the image is not using one of the palette entries\n    palette.getcolor((1, 2, 3), image=Image.new(\"P\", (1, 1)))\n\n    # Test unknown color specifier\n    with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n        palette.getcolor(\"unknown\")\n\n\n@pytest.mark.parametrize(\n    \"index, palette\",\n    [\n        # Test when the palette is not full\n        (0, ImagePalette.ImagePalette()),\n        # Test when the palette is full\n        (255, ImagePalette.ImagePalette(\"RGB\", list(range(256)) * 3)),\n    ],\n)\ndef test_getcolor_not_special(index, palette):\n    im = Image.new(\"P\", (1, 1))\n\n    # Do not use transparency index as a new color\n    im.info[\"transparency\"] = index\n    index1 = palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0), im)\n    assert index1 != index\n\n    # Do not use background index as a new color\n    im.info[\"background\"] = index1\n    index2 = palette.getcolor((0, 0, 1), im)\n    assert index2 not in (index, index1)\n\n\ndef test_file(tmp_path):\n\n    palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette(\"RGB\", list(range(256)) * 3)\n\n    f = str(tmp_path / \"temp.lut\")\n\n    palette.save(f)\n\n    p = ImagePalette.load(f)\n\n    # load returns raw palette information\n    assert len(p[0]) == 768\n    assert p[1] == \"RGB\"\n\n    p = ImagePalette.raw(p[1], p[0])\n    assert isinstance(p, ImagePalette.ImagePalette)\n    assert p.palette == palette.tobytes()\n\n\ndef test_make_linear_lut():\n    # Arrange\n    black = 0\n    white = 255\n\n    # Act\n    lut = ImagePalette.make_linear_lut(black, white)\n\n    # Assert\n    assert isinstance(lut, list)\n    assert len(lut) == 256\n    # Check values\n    for i in range(0, len(lut)):\n        assert lut[i] == i\n\n\ndef test_make_linear_lut_not_yet_implemented():\n    # Update after FIXME\n    # Arrange\n    black = 1\n    white = 255\n\n    # Act\n    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):\n        ImagePalette.make_linear_lut(black, white)\n\n\ndef test_make_gamma_lut():\n    # Arrange\n    exp = 5\n\n    # Act\n    lut = ImagePalette.make_gamma_lut(exp)\n\n    # Assert\n    assert isinstance(lut, list)\n    assert len(lut) == 256\n    # Check a few values\n    assert lut[0] == 0\n    assert lut[63] == 0\n    assert lut[127] == 8\n    assert lut[191] == 60\n    assert lut[255] == 255\n\n\ndef test_rawmode_valueerrors(tmp_path):\n    # Arrange\n    palette = ImagePalette.raw(\"RGB\", list(range(256)) * 3)\n\n    # Act / Assert\n    with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n        palette.tobytes()\n    with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n        palette.getcolor((1, 2, 3))\n    f = str(tmp_path / \"temp.lut\")\n    with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n        palette.save(f)\n\n\ndef test_getdata():\n    # Arrange\n    data_in = list(range(256)) * 3\n    palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette(\"RGB\", data_in)\n\n    # Act\n    mode, data_out = palette.getdata()\n\n    # Assert\n    assert mode == \"RGB\"\n\n\ndef test_rawmode_getdata():\n    # Arrange\n    data_in = list(range(256)) * 3\n    palette = ImagePalette.raw(\"RGB\", data_in)\n\n    # Act\n    rawmode, data_out = palette.getdata()\n\n    # Assert\n    assert rawmode == \"RGB\"\n    assert data_in == data_out\n\n\ndef test_2bit_palette(tmp_path):\n    # issue #2258, 2 bit palettes are corrupted.\n    outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.png\")\n\n    rgb = b\"\\x00\" * 2 + b\"\\x01\" * 2 + b\"\\x02\" * 2\n    img = Image.frombytes(\"P\", (6, 1), rgb)\n    img.putpalette(b\"\\xFF\\x00\\x00\\x00\\xFF\\x00\\x00\\x00\\xFF\")  # RGB\n    img.save(outfile, format=\"PNG\")\n\n    assert_image_equal_tofile(img, outfile)\n\n\ndef test_invalid_palette():\n    with pytest.raises(OSError):\n        ImagePalette.load(\"Tests/images/hopper.jpg\")\n",
            "header": {
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                    "path": "Tests/test_imagepalette.py"
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                "new_commit_hash": "ecfbda1d8",
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                        "old_range": {
                            "start": 49,
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                        },
                        "section": "def test_getcolor():"
                    },
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                            {
                                "content": "        palette.getcolor(\"unknown\")",
                                "type": "context"
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                                "content": "",
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                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
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                            {
                                "content": "@pytest.mark.parametrize(",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    \"index, palette\",",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    [",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        # Test when the palette is not full",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        (0, ImagePalette.ImagePalette()),",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        # Test when the palette is full",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        (255, ImagePalette.ImagePalette(\"RGB\", list(range(256)) * 3)),",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    ],",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": ")",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "def test_getcolor_not_special(index, palette):",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    im = Image.new(\"P\", (1, 1))",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    # Do not use transparency index as a new color",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    im.info[\"transparency\"] = index",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    index1 = palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0), im)",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    assert index1 != index",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    # Do not use background index as a new color",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    im.info[\"background\"] = index1",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    index2 = palette.getcolor((0, 0, 1), im)",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    assert index2 not in (index, index1)",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "added"
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                            {
                                "content": "def test_file(tmp_path):",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette(\"RGB\", list(range(256)) * 3)",
                                "type": "context"
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                            "content": "def test_getcolor_not_special(index, palette):\n    im = Image.new(\"P\", (1, 1))\n\n    # Do not use transparency index as a new color\n    im.info[\"transparency\"] = index\n    index1 = palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0), im)\n    assert index1 != index\n\n    # Do not use background index as a new color\n    im.info[\"background\"] = index1\n    index2 = palette.getcolor((0, 0, 1), im)\n    assert index2 not in (index, index1)",
                            "ast_type_str": "FunctionDef",
                            "start_lineno": 61,
                            "end_lineno": 72,
                            "parent": null
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            "old_file_content": "#\n# The Python Imaging Library.\n# $Id$\n#\n# image palette object\n#\n# History:\n# 1996-03-11 fl   Rewritten.\n# 1997-01-03 fl   Up and running.\n# 1997-08-23 fl   Added load hack\n# 2001-04-16 fl   Fixed randint shadow bug in random()\n#\n# Copyright (c) 1997-2001 by Secret Labs AB\n# Copyright (c) 1996-1997 by Fredrik Lundh\n#\n# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.\n#\n\nimport array\n\nfrom . import GimpGradientFile, GimpPaletteFile, ImageColor, PaletteFile\n\n\nclass ImagePalette:\n    \"\"\"\n    Color palette for palette mapped images\n\n    :param mode: The mode to use for the Palette. See:\n        :ref:`concept-modes`. Defaults to \"RGB\"\n    :param palette: An optional palette. If given, it must be a bytearray,\n        an array or a list of ints between 0-255 and of length ``size``\n        times the number of colors in ``mode``. The list must be aligned\n        by channel (All R values must be contiguous in the list before G\n        and B values.) Defaults to 0 through 255 per channel.\n    :param size: An optional palette size. If given, it cannot be equal to\n        or greater than 256. Defaults to 0.\n    \"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, mode=\"RGB\", palette=None, size=0):\n        self.mode = mode\n        self.rawmode = None  # if set, palette contains raw data\n        self.palette = palette or bytearray()\n        self.dirty = None\n        if size != 0 and size != len(self.palette):\n            raise ValueError(\"wrong palette size\")\n\n    @property\n    def palette(self):\n        return self._palette\n\n    @palette.setter\n    def palette(self, palette):\n        self._palette = palette\n\n        mode_len = len(self.mode)\n        self.colors = {}\n        for i in range(0, len(self.palette), mode_len):\n            color = tuple(self.palette[i : i + mode_len])\n            if color in self.colors:\n                continue\n            self.colors[color] = i // mode_len\n\n    def copy(self):\n        new = ImagePalette()\n\n        new.mode = self.mode\n        new.rawmode = self.rawmode\n        if self.palette is not None:\n            new.palette = self.palette[:]\n        new.dirty = self.dirty\n\n        return new\n\n    def getdata(self):\n        \"\"\"\n        Get palette contents in format suitable for the low-level\n        ``im.putpalette`` primitive.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            return self.rawmode, self.palette\n        return self.mode, self.tobytes()\n\n    def tobytes(self):\n        \"\"\"Convert palette to bytes.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            raise ValueError(\"palette contains raw palette data\")\n        if isinstance(self.palette, bytes):\n            return self.palette\n        arr = array.array(\"B\", self.palette)\n        return arr.tobytes()\n\n    # Declare tostring as an alias for tobytes\n    tostring = tobytes\n\n    def getcolor(self, color, image=None):\n        \"\"\"Given an rgb tuple, allocate palette entry.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            raise ValueError(\"palette contains raw palette data\")\n        if isinstance(color, tuple):\n            if self.mode == \"RGB\":\n                if len(color) == 4 and color[3] == 255:\n                    color = color[:3]\n            elif self.mode == \"RGBA\":\n                if len(color) == 3:\n                    color += (255,)\n            try:\n                return self.colors[color]\n            except KeyError as e:\n                # allocate new color slot\n                if not isinstance(self.palette, bytearray):\n                    self._palette = bytearray(self.palette)\n                index = len(self.palette) // 3\n                if index >= 256:\n                    if image:\n                        # Search for an unused index\n                        for i, count in reversed(list(enumerate(image.histogram()))):\n                            if count == 0:\n                                index = i\n                                break\n                    if index >= 256:\n                        raise ValueError(\"cannot allocate more than 256 colors\") from e\n                self.colors[color] = index\n                if index * 3 < len(self.palette):\n                    self._palette = (\n                        self.palette[: index * 3]\n                        + bytes(color)\n                        + self.palette[index * 3 + 3 :]\n                    )\n                else:\n                    self._palette += bytes(color)\n                self.dirty = 1\n                return index\n        else:\n            raise ValueError(f\"unknown color specifier: {repr(color)}\")\n\n    def save(self, fp):\n        \"\"\"Save palette to text file.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            raise ValueError(\"palette contains raw palette data\")\n        if isinstance(fp, str):\n            fp = open(fp, \"w\")\n        fp.write(\"# Palette\\n\")\n        fp.write(f\"# Mode: {self.mode}\\n\")\n        for i in range(256):\n            fp.write(f\"{i}\")\n            for j in range(i * len(self.mode), (i + 1) * len(self.mode)):\n                try:\n                    fp.write(f\" {self.palette[j]}\")\n                except IndexError:\n                    fp.write(\" 0\")\n            fp.write(\"\\n\")\n        fp.close()\n\n\n# --------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Internal\n\n\ndef raw(rawmode, data):\n    palette = ImagePalette()\n    palette.rawmode = rawmode\n    palette.palette = data\n    palette.dirty = 1\n    return palette\n\n\n# --------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Factories\n\n\ndef make_linear_lut(black, white):\n    lut = []\n    if black == 0:\n        for i in range(256):\n            lut.append(white * i // 255)\n    else:\n        raise NotImplementedError  # FIXME\n    return lut\n\n\ndef make_gamma_lut(exp):\n    lut = []\n    for i in range(256):\n        lut.append(int(((i / 255.0) ** exp) * 255.0 + 0.5))\n    return lut\n\n\ndef negative(mode=\"RGB\"):\n    palette = list(range(256))\n    palette.reverse()\n    return ImagePalette(mode, palette * len(mode))\n\n\ndef random(mode=\"RGB\"):\n    from random import randint\n\n    palette = []\n    for i in range(256 * len(mode)):\n        palette.append(randint(0, 255))\n    return ImagePalette(mode, palette)\n\n\ndef sepia(white=\"#fff0c0\"):\n    r, g, b = ImageColor.getrgb(white)\n    r = make_linear_lut(0, r)\n    g = make_linear_lut(0, g)\n    b = make_linear_lut(0, b)\n    return ImagePalette(\"RGB\", r + g + b)\n\n\ndef wedge(mode=\"RGB\"):\n    return ImagePalette(mode, list(range(256)) * len(mode))\n\n\ndef load(filename):\n\n    # FIXME: supports GIMP gradients only\n\n    with open(filename, \"rb\") as fp:\n\n        for paletteHandler in [\n            GimpPaletteFile.GimpPaletteFile,\n            GimpGradientFile.GimpGradientFile,\n            PaletteFile.PaletteFile,\n        ]:\n            try:\n                fp.seek(0)\n                lut = paletteHandler(fp).getpalette()\n                if lut:\n                    break\n            except (SyntaxError, ValueError):\n                # import traceback\n                # traceback.print_exc()\n                pass\n        else:\n            raise OSError(\"cannot load palette\")\n\n    return lut  # data, rawmode\n",
            "new_file_content": "#\n# The Python Imaging Library.\n# $Id$\n#\n# image palette object\n#\n# History:\n# 1996-03-11 fl   Rewritten.\n# 1997-01-03 fl   Up and running.\n# 1997-08-23 fl   Added load hack\n# 2001-04-16 fl   Fixed randint shadow bug in random()\n#\n# Copyright (c) 1997-2001 by Secret Labs AB\n# Copyright (c) 1996-1997 by Fredrik Lundh\n#\n# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.\n#\n\nimport array\n\nfrom . import GimpGradientFile, GimpPaletteFile, ImageColor, PaletteFile\n\n\nclass ImagePalette:\n    \"\"\"\n    Color palette for palette mapped images\n\n    :param mode: The mode to use for the Palette. See:\n        :ref:`concept-modes`. Defaults to \"RGB\"\n    :param palette: An optional palette. If given, it must be a bytearray,\n        an array or a list of ints between 0-255 and of length ``size``\n        times the number of colors in ``mode``. The list must be aligned\n        by channel (All R values must be contiguous in the list before G\n        and B values.) Defaults to 0 through 255 per channel.\n    :param size: An optional palette size. If given, it cannot be equal to\n        or greater than 256. Defaults to 0.\n    \"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, mode=\"RGB\", palette=None, size=0):\n        self.mode = mode\n        self.rawmode = None  # if set, palette contains raw data\n        self.palette = palette or bytearray()\n        self.dirty = None\n        if size != 0 and size != len(self.palette):\n            raise ValueError(\"wrong palette size\")\n\n    @property\n    def palette(self):\n        return self._palette\n\n    @palette.setter\n    def palette(self, palette):\n        self._palette = palette\n\n        mode_len = len(self.mode)\n        self.colors = {}\n        for i in range(0, len(self.palette), mode_len):\n            color = tuple(self.palette[i : i + mode_len])\n            if color in self.colors:\n                continue\n            self.colors[color] = i // mode_len\n\n    def copy(self):\n        new = ImagePalette()\n\n        new.mode = self.mode\n        new.rawmode = self.rawmode\n        if self.palette is not None:\n            new.palette = self.palette[:]\n        new.dirty = self.dirty\n\n        return new\n\n    def getdata(self):\n        \"\"\"\n        Get palette contents in format suitable for the low-level\n        ``im.putpalette`` primitive.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            return self.rawmode, self.palette\n        return self.mode, self.tobytes()\n\n    def tobytes(self):\n        \"\"\"Convert palette to bytes.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            raise ValueError(\"palette contains raw palette data\")\n        if isinstance(self.palette, bytes):\n            return self.palette\n        arr = array.array(\"B\", self.palette)\n        return arr.tobytes()\n\n    # Declare tostring as an alias for tobytes\n    tostring = tobytes\n\n    def getcolor(self, color, image=None):\n        \"\"\"Given an rgb tuple, allocate palette entry.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            raise ValueError(\"palette contains raw palette data\")\n        if isinstance(color, tuple):\n            if self.mode == \"RGB\":\n                if len(color) == 4 and color[3] == 255:\n                    color = color[:3]\n            elif self.mode == \"RGBA\":\n                if len(color) == 3:\n                    color += (255,)\n            try:\n                return self.colors[color]\n            except KeyError as e:\n                # allocate new color slot\n                if not isinstance(self.palette, bytearray):\n                    self._palette = bytearray(self.palette)\n                index = len(self.palette) // 3\n                special_colors = ()\n                if image:\n                    special_colors = (\n                        image.info.get(\"background\"),\n                        image.info.get(\"transparency\"),\n                    )\n                while index in special_colors:\n                    index += 1\n                if index >= 256:\n                    if image:\n                        # Search for an unused index\n                        for i, count in reversed(list(enumerate(image.histogram()))):\n                            if count == 0 and i not in special_colors:\n                                index = i\n                                break\n                    if index >= 256:\n                        raise ValueError(\"cannot allocate more than 256 colors\") from e\n                self.colors[color] = index\n                if index * 3 < len(self.palette):\n                    self._palette = (\n                        self.palette[: index * 3]\n                        + bytes(color)\n                        + self.palette[index * 3 + 3 :]\n                    )\n                else:\n                    self._palette += bytes(color)\n                self.dirty = 1\n                return index\n        else:\n            raise ValueError(f\"unknown color specifier: {repr(color)}\")\n\n    def save(self, fp):\n        \"\"\"Save palette to text file.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            raise ValueError(\"palette contains raw palette data\")\n        if isinstance(fp, str):\n            fp = open(fp, \"w\")\n        fp.write(\"# Palette\\n\")\n        fp.write(f\"# Mode: {self.mode}\\n\")\n        for i in range(256):\n            fp.write(f\"{i}\")\n            for j in range(i * len(self.mode), (i + 1) * len(self.mode)):\n                try:\n                    fp.write(f\" {self.palette[j]}\")\n                except IndexError:\n                    fp.write(\" 0\")\n            fp.write(\"\\n\")\n        fp.close()\n\n\n# --------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Internal\n\n\ndef raw(rawmode, data):\n    palette = ImagePalette()\n    palette.rawmode = rawmode\n    palette.palette = data\n    palette.dirty = 1\n    return palette\n\n\n# --------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Factories\n\n\ndef make_linear_lut(black, white):\n    lut = []\n    if black == 0:\n        for i in range(256):\n            lut.append(white * i // 255)\n    else:\n        raise NotImplementedError  # FIXME\n    return lut\n\n\ndef make_gamma_lut(exp):\n    lut = []\n    for i in range(256):\n        lut.append(int(((i / 255.0) ** exp) * 255.0 + 0.5))\n    return lut\n\n\ndef negative(mode=\"RGB\"):\n    palette = list(range(256))\n    palette.reverse()\n    return ImagePalette(mode, palette * len(mode))\n\n\ndef random(mode=\"RGB\"):\n    from random import randint\n\n    palette = []\n    for i in range(256 * len(mode)):\n        palette.append(randint(0, 255))\n    return ImagePalette(mode, palette)\n\n\ndef sepia(white=\"#fff0c0\"):\n    r, g, b = ImageColor.getrgb(white)\n    r = make_linear_lut(0, r)\n    g = make_linear_lut(0, g)\n    b = make_linear_lut(0, b)\n    return ImagePalette(\"RGB\", r + g + b)\n\n\ndef wedge(mode=\"RGB\"):\n    return ImagePalette(mode, list(range(256)) * len(mode))\n\n\ndef load(filename):\n\n    # FIXME: supports GIMP gradients only\n\n    with open(filename, \"rb\") as fp:\n\n        for paletteHandler in [\n            GimpPaletteFile.GimpPaletteFile,\n            GimpGradientFile.GimpGradientFile,\n            PaletteFile.PaletteFile,\n        ]:\n            try:\n                fp.seek(0)\n                lut = paletteHandler(fp).getpalette()\n                if lut:\n                    break\n            except (SyntaxError, ValueError):\n                # import traceback\n                # traceback.print_exc()\n                pass\n        else:\n            raise OSError(\"cannot load palette\")\n\n    return lut  # data, rawmode\n",
            "header": {
                "file": {
                    "path": "src/PIL/ImagePalette.py"
                },
                "misc_line": null
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                "old_commit_hash": "76c4c46d5",
                "new_commit_hash": "b0c722b29",
                "mode": "100644"
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            "binary_line": null,
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            "hunks": [
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                            "start": 118,
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                        },
                        "section": "class ImagePalette:"
                    },
                    "line_group": {
                        "all_lines": [
                            {
                                "content": "                if not isinstance(self.palette, bytearray):",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                    self._palette = bytearray(self.palette)",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                index = len(self.palette) // 3",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                special_colors = ()",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                if image:",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                    special_colors = (",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                        image.info.get(\"background\"),",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                        image.info.get(\"transparency\"),",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                    )",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                while index in special_colors:",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                    index += 1",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                if index >= 256:",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                    if image:",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                        # Search for an unused index",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                        for i, count in reversed(list(enumerate(image.histogram()))):",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                            if count == 0:",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                            if count == 0 and i not in special_colors:",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                                index = i",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                                break",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                    if index >= 256:",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
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                    "modified_entities": [
                        {
                            "file_name": "src/PIL/ImagePalette.py",
                            "type": "method",
                            "name": "ImagePalette.getcolor",
                            "content": "class ImagePalette:\n    \"\"\"\n    Color palette for palette mapped images\n\n    :param mode: The mode to use for the Palette. See:\n        :ref:`concept-modes`. Defaults to \"RGB\"\n    :param palette: An optional palette. If given, it must be a bytearray,\n        an array or a list of ints between 0-255 and of length ``size``\n        times the number of colors in ``mode``. The list must be aligned\n        by channel (All R values must be contiguous in the list before G\n        and B values.) Defaults to 0 through 255 per channel.\n    :param size: An optional palette size. If given, it cannot be equal to\n        or greater than 256. Defaults to 0.\n    \"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, mode=\"RGB\", palette=None, size=0):\n        self.mode = mode\n        self.rawmode = None  # if set, palette contains raw data\n        self.palette = palette or bytearray()\n        self.dirty = None\n        if size != 0 and size != len(self.palette):\n            raise ValueError(\"wrong palette size\")\n\n    @property\n    def palette(self):\n        return self._palette\n\n    @palette.setter\n    def palette(self, palette):\n        self._palette = palette\n\n        mode_len = len(self.mode)\n        self.colors = {}\n        for i in range(0, len(self.palette), mode_len):\n            color = tuple(self.palette[i : i + mode_len])\n            if color in self.colors:\n                continue\n            self.colors[color] = i // mode_len\n\n    def copy(self):\n        new = ImagePalette()\n\n        new.mode = self.mode\n        new.rawmode = self.rawmode\n        if self.palette is not None:\n            new.palette = self.palette[:]\n        new.dirty = self.dirty\n\n        return new\n\n    def getdata(self):\n        \"\"\"\n        Get palette contents in format suitable for the low-level\n        ``im.putpalette`` primitive.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            return self.rawmode, self.palette\n        return self.mode, self.tobytes()\n\n    def tobytes(self):\n        \"\"\"Convert palette to bytes.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            raise ValueError(\"palette contains raw palette data\")\n        if isinstance(self.palette, bytes):\n            return self.palette\n        arr = array.array(\"B\", self.palette)\n        return arr.tobytes()\n\n    # Declare tostring as an alias for tobytes\n    tostring = tobytes\n\n    def getcolor(self, color, image=None):\n        \"\"\"Given an rgb tuple, allocate palette entry.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            raise ValueError(\"palette contains raw palette data\")\n        if isinstance(color, tuple):\n            if self.mode == \"RGB\":\n                if len(color) == 4 and color[3] == 255:\n                    color = color[:3]\n            elif self.mode == \"RGBA\":\n                if len(color) == 3:\n                    color += (255,)\n            try:\n                return self.colors[color]\n            except KeyError as e:\n                # allocate new color slot\n                if not isinstance(self.palette, bytearray):\n                    self._palette = bytearray(self.palette)\n                index = len(self.palette) // 3\n                if index >= 256:\n                    if image:\n                        # Search for an unused index\n                        for i, count in reversed(list(enumerate(image.histogram()))):\n                            if count == 0:\n                                index = i\n                                break\n                    if index >= 256:\n                        raise ValueError(\"cannot allocate more than 256 colors\") from e\n                self.colors[color] = index\n                if index * 3 < len(self.palette):\n                    self._palette = (\n                        self.palette[: index * 3]\n                        + bytes(color)\n                        + self.palette[index * 3 + 3 :]\n                    )\n                else:\n                    self._palette += bytes(color)\n                self.dirty = 1\n                return index\n        else:\n            raise ValueError(f\"unknown color specifier: {repr(color)}\")\n\n    def save(self, fp):\n        \"\"\"Save palette to text file.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            raise ValueError(\"palette contains raw palette data\")\n        if isinstance(fp, str):\n            fp = open(fp, \"w\")\n        fp.write(\"# Palette\\n\")\n        fp.write(f\"# Mode: {self.mode}\\n\")\n        for i in range(256):\n            fp.write(f\"{i}\")\n            for j in range(i * len(self.mode), (i + 1) * len(self.mode)):\n                try:\n                    fp.write(f\" {self.palette[j]}\")\n                except IndexError:\n                    fp.write(\" 0\")\n            fp.write(\"\\n\")\n        fp.close()",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 100,
                            "end_lineno": 142,
                            "parent": {
                                "file_name": "src/PIL/ImagePalette.py",
                                "type": "class",
                                "name": "ImagePalette",
                                "content": "class ImagePalette:\n    \"\"\"\n    Color palette for palette mapped images\n\n    :param mode: The mode to use for the Palette. See:\n        :ref:`concept-modes`. Defaults to \"RGB\"\n    :param palette: An optional palette. If given, it must be a bytearray,\n        an array or a list of ints between 0-255 and of length ``size``\n        times the number of colors in ``mode``. The list must be aligned\n        by channel (All R values must be contiguous in the list before G\n        and B values.) Defaults to 0 through 255 per channel.\n    :param size: An optional palette size. If given, it cannot be equal to\n        or greater than 256. Defaults to 0.\n    \"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, mode=\"RGB\", palette=None, size=0):\n        self.mode = mode\n        self.rawmode = None  # if set, palette contains raw data\n        self.palette = palette or bytearray()\n        self.dirty = None\n        if size != 0 and size != len(self.palette):\n            raise ValueError(\"wrong palette size\")\n\n    @property\n    def palette(self):\n        return self._palette\n\n    @palette.setter\n    def palette(self, palette):\n        self._palette = palette\n\n        mode_len = len(self.mode)\n        self.colors = {}\n        for i in range(0, len(self.palette), mode_len):\n            color = tuple(self.palette[i : i + mode_len])\n            if color in self.colors:\n                continue\n            self.colors[color] = i // mode_len\n\n    def copy(self):\n        new = ImagePalette()\n\n        new.mode = self.mode\n        new.rawmode = self.rawmode\n        if self.palette is not None:\n            new.palette = self.palette[:]\n        new.dirty = self.dirty\n\n        return new\n\n    def getdata(self):\n        \"\"\"\n        Get palette contents in format suitable for the low-level\n        ``im.putpalette`` primitive.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            return self.rawmode, self.palette\n        return self.mode, self.tobytes()\n\n    def tobytes(self):\n        \"\"\"Convert palette to bytes.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            raise ValueError(\"palette contains raw palette data\")\n        if isinstance(self.palette, bytes):\n            return self.palette\n        arr = array.array(\"B\", self.palette)\n        return arr.tobytes()\n\n    # Declare tostring as an alias for tobytes\n    tostring = tobytes\n\n    def getcolor(self, color, image=None):\n        \"\"\"Given an rgb tuple, allocate palette entry.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            raise ValueError(\"palette contains raw palette data\")\n        if isinstance(color, tuple):\n            if self.mode == \"RGB\":\n                if len(color) == 4 and color[3] == 255:\n                    color = color[:3]\n            elif self.mode == \"RGBA\":\n                if len(color) == 3:\n                    color += (255,)\n            try:\n                return self.colors[color]\n            except KeyError as e:\n                # allocate new color slot\n                if not isinstance(self.palette, bytearray):\n                    self._palette = bytearray(self.palette)\n                index = len(self.palette) // 3\n                if index >= 256:\n                    if image:\n                        # Search for an unused index\n                        for i, count in reversed(list(enumerate(image.histogram()))):\n                            if count == 0:\n                                index = i\n                                break\n                    if index >= 256:\n                        raise ValueError(\"cannot allocate more than 256 colors\") from e\n                self.colors[color] = index\n                if index * 3 < len(self.palette):\n                    self._palette = (\n                        self.palette[: index * 3]\n                        + bytes(color)\n                        + self.palette[index * 3 + 3 :]\n                    )\n                else:\n                    self._palette += bytes(color)\n                self.dirty = 1\n                return index\n        else:\n            raise ValueError(f\"unknown color specifier: {repr(color)}\")\n\n    def save(self, fp):\n        \"\"\"Save palette to text file.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            raise ValueError(\"palette contains raw palette data\")\n        if isinstance(fp, str):\n            fp = open(fp, \"w\")\n        fp.write(\"# Palette\\n\")\n        fp.write(f\"# Mode: {self.mode}\\n\")\n        for i in range(256):\n            fp.write(f\"{i}\")\n            for j in range(i * len(self.mode), (i + 1) * len(self.mode)):\n                try:\n                    fp.write(f\" {self.palette[j]}\")\n                except IndexError:\n                    fp.write(\" 0\")\n            fp.write(\"\\n\")\n        fp.close()",
                                "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                                "start_lineno": 24,
                                "end_lineno": 163,
                                "parent": null
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "file_name": "src/PIL/ImagePalette.py",
                            "type": "class",
                            "name": "ImagePalette",
                            "content": "class ImagePalette:\n    \"\"\"\n    Color palette for palette mapped images\n\n    :param mode: The mode to use for the Palette. See:\n        :ref:`concept-modes`. Defaults to \"RGB\"\n    :param palette: An optional palette. If given, it must be a bytearray,\n        an array or a list of ints between 0-255 and of length ``size``\n        times the number of colors in ``mode``. The list must be aligned\n        by channel (All R values must be contiguous in the list before G\n        and B values.) Defaults to 0 through 255 per channel.\n    :param size: An optional palette size. If given, it cannot be equal to\n        or greater than 256. Defaults to 0.\n    \"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, mode=\"RGB\", palette=None, size=0):\n        self.mode = mode\n        self.rawmode = None  # if set, palette contains raw data\n        self.palette = palette or bytearray()\n        self.dirty = None\n        if size != 0 and size != len(self.palette):\n            raise ValueError(\"wrong palette size\")\n\n    @property\n    def palette(self):\n        return self._palette\n\n    @palette.setter\n    def palette(self, palette):\n        self._palette = palette\n\n        mode_len = len(self.mode)\n        self.colors = {}\n        for i in range(0, len(self.palette), mode_len):\n            color = tuple(self.palette[i : i + mode_len])\n            if color in self.colors:\n                continue\n            self.colors[color] = i // mode_len\n\n    def copy(self):\n        new = ImagePalette()\n\n        new.mode = self.mode\n        new.rawmode = self.rawmode\n        if self.palette is not None:\n            new.palette = self.palette[:]\n        new.dirty = self.dirty\n\n        return new\n\n    def getdata(self):\n        \"\"\"\n        Get palette contents in format suitable for the low-level\n        ``im.putpalette`` primitive.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            return self.rawmode, self.palette\n        return self.mode, self.tobytes()\n\n    def tobytes(self):\n        \"\"\"Convert palette to bytes.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            raise ValueError(\"palette contains raw palette data\")\n        if isinstance(self.palette, bytes):\n            return self.palette\n        arr = array.array(\"B\", self.palette)\n        return arr.tobytes()\n\n    # Declare tostring as an alias for tobytes\n    tostring = tobytes\n\n    def getcolor(self, color, image=None):\n        \"\"\"Given an rgb tuple, allocate palette entry.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            raise ValueError(\"palette contains raw palette data\")\n        if isinstance(color, tuple):\n            if self.mode == \"RGB\":\n                if len(color) == 4 and color[3] == 255:\n                    color = color[:3]\n            elif self.mode == \"RGBA\":\n                if len(color) == 3:\n                    color += (255,)\n            try:\n                return self.colors[color]\n            except KeyError as e:\n                # allocate new color slot\n                if not isinstance(self.palette, bytearray):\n                    self._palette = bytearray(self.palette)\n                index = len(self.palette) // 3\n                if index >= 256:\n                    if image:\n                        # Search for an unused index\n                        for i, count in reversed(list(enumerate(image.histogram()))):\n                            if count == 0:\n                                index = i\n                                break\n                    if index >= 256:\n                        raise ValueError(\"cannot allocate more than 256 colors\") from e\n                self.colors[color] = index\n                if index * 3 < len(self.palette):\n                    self._palette = (\n                        self.palette[: index * 3]\n                        + bytes(color)\n                        + self.palette[index * 3 + 3 :]\n                    )\n                else:\n                    self._palette += bytes(color)\n                self.dirty = 1\n                return index\n        else:\n            raise ValueError(f\"unknown color specifier: {repr(color)}\")\n\n    def save(self, fp):\n        \"\"\"Save palette to text file.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            raise ValueError(\"palette contains raw palette data\")\n        if isinstance(fp, str):\n            fp = open(fp, \"w\")\n        fp.write(\"# Palette\\n\")\n        fp.write(f\"# Mode: {self.mode}\\n\")\n        for i in range(256):\n            fp.write(f\"{i}\")\n            for j in range(i * len(self.mode), (i + 1) * len(self.mode)):\n                try:\n                    fp.write(f\" {self.palette[j]}\")\n                except IndexError:\n                    fp.write(\" 0\")\n            fp.write(\"\\n\")\n        fp.close()",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 24,
                            "end_lineno": 163,
                            "parent": null
                        }
                    ],
                    "added_entities": [],
                    "deleted_entities": []
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "old_commit_hash": "1b74bddfde5f2b186fd9ad812261adc3739d6f24^",
    "new_commit_hash": "1b74bddfde5f2b186fd9ad812261adc3739d6f24",
    "commit_message": "Merge pull request #5564 from radarhere/getcolor\n\nDo not use background or transparency index for new color",
    "commit_date": "2021-06-30T21:45:21+10:00",
    "metadata": {}
}
{
    "repo_name": "pillow",
    "new_commit_hash": "1b74bddfde5f2b186fd9ad812261adc3739d6f24",
    "test_file_codes": [
        "import pytest\n\nfrom PIL import Image, ImagePalette\n\nfrom .helper import assert_image_equal, assert_image_equal_tofile\n\n\ndef test_sanity():\n\n    palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette(\"RGB\", list(range(256)) * 3)\n    assert len(palette.colors) == 256\n\n    with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n        ImagePalette.ImagePalette(\"RGB\", list(range(256)) * 3, 10)\n\n\ndef test_reload():\n    im = Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.gif\")\n    original = im.copy()\n    im.palette.dirty = 1\n    assert_image_equal(im.convert(\"RGB\"), original.convert(\"RGB\"))\n\n\ndef test_getcolor():\n\n    palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette()\n    assert len(palette.palette) == 0\n    assert len(palette.colors) == 0\n\n    test_map = {}\n    for i in range(256):\n        test_map[palette.getcolor((i, i, i))] = i\n    assert len(test_map) == 256\n\n    # Colors can be converted between RGB and RGBA\n    rgba_palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette(\"RGBA\")\n    assert rgba_palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0)) == rgba_palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0, 255))\n\n    assert palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0)) == palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0, 255))\n\n    # An error is raised when the palette is full\n    with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n        palette.getcolor((1, 2, 3))\n    # But not if the image is not using one of the palette entries\n    palette.getcolor((1, 2, 3), image=Image.new(\"P\", (1, 1)))\n\n    # Test unknown color specifier\n    with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n        palette.getcolor(\"unknown\")\n\n\n@pytest.mark.parametrize(\n    \"index, palette\",\n    [\n        # Test when the palette is not full\n        (0, ImagePalette.ImagePalette()),\n        # Test when the palette is full\n        (255, ImagePalette.ImagePalette(\"RGB\", list(range(256)) * 3)),\n    ],\n)\ndef test_getcolor_not_special(index, palette):\n    im = Image.new(\"P\", (1, 1))\n\n    # Do not use transparency index as a new color\n    im.info[\"transparency\"] = index\n    index1 = palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0), im)\n    assert index1 != index\n\n    # Do not use background index as a new color\n    im.info[\"background\"] = index1\n    index2 = palette.getcolor((0, 0, 1), im)\n    assert index2 not in (index, index1)\n\n\ndef test_file(tmp_path):\n\n    palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette(\"RGB\", list(range(256)) * 3)\n\n    f = str(tmp_path / \"temp.lut\")\n\n    palette.save(f)\n\n    p = ImagePalette.load(f)\n\n    # load returns raw palette information\n    assert len(p[0]) == 768\n    assert p[1] == \"RGB\"\n\n    p = ImagePalette.raw(p[1], p[0])\n    assert isinstance(p, ImagePalette.ImagePalette)\n    assert p.palette == palette.tobytes()\n\n\ndef test_make_linear_lut():\n    # Arrange\n    black = 0\n    white = 255\n\n    # Act\n    lut = ImagePalette.make_linear_lut(black, white)\n\n    # Assert\n    assert isinstance(lut, list)\n    assert len(lut) == 256\n    # Check values\n    for i in range(0, len(lut)):\n        assert lut[i] == i\n\n\ndef test_make_linear_lut_not_yet_implemented():\n    # Update after FIXME\n    # Arrange\n    black = 1\n    white = 255\n\n    # Act\n    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):\n        ImagePalette.make_linear_lut(black, white)\n\n\ndef test_make_gamma_lut():\n    # Arrange\n    exp = 5\n\n    # Act\n    lut = ImagePalette.make_gamma_lut(exp)\n\n    # Assert\n    assert isinstance(lut, list)\n    assert len(lut) == 256\n    # Check a few values\n    assert lut[0] == 0\n    assert lut[63] == 0\n    assert lut[127] == 8\n    assert lut[191] == 60\n    assert lut[255] == 255\n\n\ndef test_rawmode_valueerrors(tmp_path):\n    # Arrange\n    palette = ImagePalette.raw(\"RGB\", list(range(256)) * 3)\n\n    # Act / Assert\n    with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n        palette.tobytes()\n    with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n        palette.getcolor((1, 2, 3))\n    f = str(tmp_path / \"temp.lut\")\n    with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n        palette.save(f)\n\n\ndef test_getdata():\n    # Arrange\n    data_in = list(range(256)) * 3\n    palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette(\"RGB\", data_in)\n\n    # Act\n    mode, data_out = palette.getdata()\n\n    # Assert\n    assert mode == \"RGB\"\n\n\ndef test_rawmode_getdata():\n    # Arrange\n    data_in = list(range(256)) * 3\n    palette = ImagePalette.raw(\"RGB\", data_in)\n\n    # Act\n    rawmode, data_out = palette.getdata()\n\n    # Assert\n    assert rawmode == \"RGB\"\n    assert data_in == data_out\n\n\ndef test_2bit_palette(tmp_path):\n    # issue #2258, 2 bit palettes are corrupted.\n    outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.png\")\n\n    rgb = b\"\\x00\" * 2 + b\"\\x01\" * 2 + b\"\\x02\" * 2\n    img = Image.frombytes(\"P\", (6, 1), rgb)\n    img.putpalette(b\"\\xFF\\x00\\x00\\x00\\xFF\\x00\\x00\\x00\\xFF\")  # RGB\n    img.save(outfile, format=\"PNG\")\n\n    assert_image_equal_tofile(img, outfile)\n\n\ndef test_invalid_palette():\n    with pytest.raises(OSError):\n        ImagePalette.load(\"Tests/images/hopper.jpg\")\n"
    ],
    "test_file_names": [
        "test_1.py"
    ],
    "setup_res_code": 0,
    "setup_res_stdout": "Starting Pillow installation attempts...\nVerifying Pillow installation...\n✅ Pillow installation successful!\nSuccessfully installed Pillow\n",
    "setup_res_stderr": "Using CPython 3.9.21\nCreating virtual environment at: .venv\nActivate with: source .venv/bin/activate\nResolved 12 packages in 14ms\nInstalled 12 packages in 97ms\n + coverage==7.6.10\n + exceptiongroup==1.2.2\n + iniconfig==2.0.0\n + packaging==24.2\n + pluggy==1.5.0\n + pyqt5==5.15.11\n + pyqt5-qt5==5.15.16\n + pyqt5-sip==12.16.1\n + pytest==8.3.4\n + pytest-cov==6.0.0\n + setuptools==75.8.0\n + tomli==2.2.1\nResolved 1 package in 816ms\nPrepared 1 package in 31.83s\nInstalled 1 package in 1ms\n + pillow==8.3.0.dev0 (from file:///home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pillow_1b74bddfde5f2b186fd9ad812261adc3739d6f24)\n",
    "new_commit_res_code": 0,
    "new_commit_res_stdout": "\u001b[1m============================= test session starts ==============================\u001b[0m\nplatform linux -- Python 3.9.21, pytest-8.3.4, pluggy-1.5.0\nrootdir: /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pillow_1b74bddfde5f2b186fd9ad812261adc3739d6f24\nconfigfile: setup.cfg\nplugins: cov-6.0.0\ncollected 14 items\n\nr2e_tests/test_1.py \u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m                                       [100%]\u001b[0m\n\n==================================== PASSES ====================================\n\u001b[36m\u001b[1m=========================== short test summary info ============================\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_sanity\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_reload\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_getcolor\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_getcolor_not_special[0-palette0]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_getcolor_not_special[255-palette1]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_file\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_make_linear_lut\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_make_linear_lut_not_yet_implemented\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_make_gamma_lut\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_rawmode_valueerrors\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_getdata\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_rawmode_getdata\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_2bit_palette\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_invalid_palette\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32m============================== \u001b[32m\u001b[1m14 passed\u001b[0m\u001b[32m in 0.11s\u001b[0m\u001b[32m ==============================\u001b[0m\n",
    "new_commit_res_stderr": "",
    "old_commit_res_code": 1,
    "old_commit_res_stdout": "\u001b[1m============================= test session starts ==============================\u001b[0m\nplatform linux -- Python 3.9.21, pytest-8.3.4, pluggy-1.5.0\nrootdir: /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pillow_1b74bddfde5f2b186fd9ad812261adc3739d6f24\nconfigfile: setup.cfg\nplugins: cov-6.0.0\ncollected 14 items\n\nr2e_tests/test_1.py \u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[31mF\u001b[0m\u001b[31mF\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[31m                                       [100%]\u001b[0m\n\n=================================== FAILURES ===================================\n\u001b[31m\u001b[1m____________________ test_getcolor_not_special[0-palette0] _____________________\u001b[0m\n\nindex = 0, palette = <PIL.ImagePalette.ImagePalette object at 0x715ab81ba0d0>\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\n        \"index, palette\",\n        [\n            # Test when the palette is not full\n            (0, ImagePalette.ImagePalette()),\n            # Test when the palette is full\n            (255, ImagePalette.ImagePalette(\"RGB\", list(range(256)) * 3)),\n        ],\n    )\n    def test_getcolor_not_special(index, palette):\n        im = Image.new(\"P\", (1, 1))\n    \n        # Do not use transparency index as a new color\n        im.info[\"transparency\"] = index\n        index1 = palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0), im)\n>       assert index1 != index\n\u001b[1m\u001b[31mE       assert 0 != 0\u001b[0m\n\n\u001b[1m\u001b[31mr2e_tests/test_1.py\u001b[0m:67: AssertionError\n\u001b[31m\u001b[1m___________________ test_getcolor_not_special[255-palette1] ____________________\u001b[0m\n\nindex = 255, palette = <PIL.ImagePalette.ImagePalette object at 0x715ab81ba820>\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\n        \"index, palette\",\n        [\n            # Test when the palette is not full\n            (0, ImagePalette.ImagePalette()),\n            # Test when the palette is full\n            (255, ImagePalette.ImagePalette(\"RGB\", list(range(256)) * 3)),\n        ],\n    )\n    def test_getcolor_not_special(index, palette):\n        im = Image.new(\"P\", (1, 1))\n    \n        # Do not use transparency index as a new color\n        im.info[\"transparency\"] = index\n        index1 = palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0), im)\n>       assert index1 != index\n\u001b[1m\u001b[31mE       assert 255 != 255\u001b[0m\n\n\u001b[1m\u001b[31mr2e_tests/test_1.py\u001b[0m:67: AssertionError\n==================================== PASSES ====================================\n\u001b[36m\u001b[1m=========================== short test summary info ============================\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_sanity\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_reload\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_getcolor\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_file\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_make_linear_lut\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_make_linear_lut_not_yet_implemented\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_make_gamma_lut\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_rawmode_valueerrors\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_getdata\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_rawmode_getdata\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_2bit_palette\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_invalid_palette\u001b[0m\n\u001b[31mFAILED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_getcolor_not_special[0-palette0]\u001b[0m - assert 0 != 0\n\u001b[31mFAILED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_getcolor_not_special[255-palette1]\u001b[0m - assert 255 != 255\n\u001b[31m========================= \u001b[31m\u001b[1m2 failed\u001b[0m, \u001b[32m12 passed\u001b[0m\u001b[31m in 0.12s\u001b[0m\u001b[31m =========================\u001b[0m\n",
    "old_commit_res_stderr": ""
}
Tests/test_imagepalette.py src/PIL/ImagePalette.py
We are currently solving the following issue within our repository. Here is the issue text:
--- BEGIN ISSUE ---
[ISSUE]
**Title:** `getcolor` Assigns New Colors to Reserved Palette Indices Like Background or Transparency

**Description:**
When adding a new color to the palette using the `getcolor` method, the color is sometimes assigned to an index reserved for background or transparency. This results in duplicate indices, which can lead to unexpected behavior when handling images that utilize transparency or have a designated background color.

**Example Code:**
```python
from PIL import Image, ImagePalette

# Initialize a full RGB palette
palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette("RGB", list(range(256)) * 3)

# Create a new palette-based image
im = Image.new("P", (1, 1))
im.info["transparency"] = 0  # Reserve index 0 for transparency

# Attempt to add a new color
new_color_index = palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0), im)

# new_color_index should not be 0 since it's reserved for transparency
```

**Expected Behavior:**
The `getcolor` method should assign the new color to an unused palette index that is **not** reserved for background or transparency. This ensures that reserved indices remain unique and are not overwritten or duplicated by new colors.

**Actual Behavior:**
The `getcolor` method assigns the new color to a reserved index (e.g., index `0`), which is designated for transparency. This causes the transparency index to be reused unintentionally, leading to potential issues in image rendering and manipulation.

[/ISSUE]
--- END ISSUE ---

Below are some code segments, each from a relevant file. One or more of these files may contain bugs.

--- BEGIN FILE ---
```
### src/PIL/ImagePalette.py
#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# image palette object
#
# History:
# 1996-03-11 fl   Rewritten.
# 1997-01-03 fl   Up and running.
# 1997-08-23 fl   Added load hack
# 2001-04-16 fl   Fixed randint shadow bug in random()
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2001 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 1996-1997 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#

import array

from . import GimpGradientFile, GimpPaletteFile, ImageColor, PaletteFile


class ImagePalette:
    """
    Color palette for palette mapped images

    :param mode: The mode to use for the Palette. See:
        :ref:`concept-modes`. Defaults to "RGB"
    :param palette: An optional palette. If given, it must be a bytearray,
        an array or a list of ints between 0-255 and of length ``size``
        times the number of colors in ``mode``. The list must be aligned
        by channel (All R values must be contiguous in the list before G
        and B values.) Defaults to 0 through 255 per channel.
    :param size: An optional palette size. If given, it cannot be equal to
        or greater than 256. Defaults to 0.
    """

    def __init__(self, mode="RGB", palette=None, size=0):
        self.mode = mode
        self.rawmode = None  # if set, palette contains raw data
        self.palette = palette or bytearray()
        self.dirty = None
        if size != 0 and size != len(self.palette):
            raise ValueError("wrong palette size")

    @property
    def palette(self):
        return self._palette

    @palette.setter
    def palette(self, palette):
        self._palette = palette

        mode_len = len(self.mode)
        self.colors = {}
        for i in range(0, len(self.palette), mode_len):
            color = tuple(self.palette[i : i + mode_len])
            if color in self.colors:
                continue
            self.colors[color] = i // mode_len

    def copy(self):
        new = ImagePalette()

        new.mode = self.mode
        new.rawmode = self.rawmode
        if self.palette is not None:
            new.palette = self.palette[:]
        new.dirty = self.dirty

        return new

    def getdata(self):
        """
        Get palette contents in format suitable for the low-level
        ``im.putpalette`` primitive.

        .. warning:: This method is experimental.
        """
        if self.rawmode:
            return self.rawmode, self.palette
        return self.mode, self.tobytes()

    def tobytes(self):
        """Convert palette to bytes.

        .. warning:: This method is experimental.
        """
        if self.rawmode:
            raise ValueError("palette contains raw palette data")
        if isinstance(self.palette, bytes):
            return self.palette
        arr = array.array("B", self.palette)
        return arr.tobytes()

    # Declare tostring as an alias for tobytes
    tostring = tobytes

    def getcolor(self, color, image=None):
        """Given an rgb tuple, allocate palette entry.

        .. warning:: This method is experimental.
        """
        if self.rawmode:
            raise ValueError("palette contains raw palette data")
        if isinstance(color, tuple):
            if self.mode == "RGB":
                if len(color) == 4 and color[3] == 255:
                    color = color[:3]
            elif self.mode == "RGBA":
                if len(color) == 3:
                    color += (255,)
            try:
                return self.colors[color]
            except KeyError as e:
                # allocate new color slot
                if not isinstance(self.palette, bytearray):
                    self._palette = bytearray(self.palette)
                index = len(self.palette) // 3
                if index >= 256:
                    if image:
                        # Search for an unused index
                        for i, count in reversed(list(enumerate(image.histogram()))):
                            if count == 0:
                                index = i
                                break
                    if index >= 256:
                        raise ValueError("cannot allocate more than 256 colors") from e
                self.colors[color] = index
                if index * 3 < len(self.palette):
                    self._palette = (
                        self.palette[: index * 3]
                        + bytes(color)
                        + self.palette[index * 3 + 3 :]
                    )
                else:
                    self._palette += bytes(color)
                self.dirty = 1
                return index
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"unknown color specifier: {repr(color)}")

    def save(self, fp):
        """Save palette to text file.

        .. warning:: This method is experimental.
        """
        if self.rawmode:
            raise ValueError("palette contains raw palette data")
        if isinstance(fp, str):
            fp = open(fp, "w")
        fp.write("# Palette\n")
        fp.write(f"# Mode: {self.mode}\n")
        for i in range(256):
            fp.write(f"{i}")
            for j in range(i * len(self.mode), (i + 1) * len(self.mode)):
                try:
                    fp.write(f" {self.palette[j]}")
                except IndexError:
                    fp.write(" 0")
            fp.write("\n")
        fp.close()


# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Internal


def raw(rawmode, data):
    palette = ImagePalette()
    palette.rawmode = rawmode
    palette.palette = data
    palette.dirty = 1
    return palette


# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Factories


def make_linear_lut(black, white):
    lut = []
    if black == 0:
        for i in range(256):
            lut.append(white * i // 255)
    else:
        raise NotImplementedError  # FIXME
    return lut


def make_gamma_lut(exp):
    lut = []
    for i in range(256):
        lut.append(int(((i / 255.0) ** exp) * 255.0 + 0.5))
    return lut


def negative(mode="RGB"):
    palette = list(range(256))
    palette.reverse()
    return ImagePalette(mode, palette * len(mode))


def random(mode="RGB"):
    from random import randint

    palette = []
    for i in range(256 * len(mode)):
        palette.append(randint(0, 255))
    return ImagePalette(mode, palette)


def sepia(white="#fff0c0"):
    r, g, b = ImageColor.getrgb(white)
    r = make_linear_lut(0, r)
    g = make_linear_lut(0, g)
    b = make_linear_lut(0, b)
    return ImagePalette("RGB", r + g + b)


def wedge(mode="RGB"):
    return ImagePalette(mode, list(range(256)) * len(mode))


def load(filename):

    # FIXME: supports GIMP gradients only

    with open(filename, "rb") as fp:

        for paletteHandler in [
            GimpPaletteFile.GimpPaletteFile,
            GimpGradientFile.GimpGradientFile,
            PaletteFile.PaletteFile,
        ]:
            try:
                fp.seek(0)
                lut = paletteHandler(fp).getpalette()
                if lut:
                    break
            except (SyntaxError, ValueError):
                # import traceback
                # traceback.print_exc()
                pass
        else:
            raise OSError("cannot load palette")

    return lut  # data, rawmode

```
--- END FILE ---

Please first localize the bug based on the issue statement, and then generate *SEARCH/REPLACE* edits to fix the issue.

Every *SEARCH/REPLACE* edit must use this format:
1. The file path
2. The start of search block: <<<<<<< SEARCH
3. A contiguous chunk of lines to search for in the existing source code
4. The dividing line: =======
5. The lines to replace into the source code
6. The end of the replace block: >>>>>>> REPLACE

Here is an example:

```python
### mathweb/flask/app.py
<<<<<<< SEARCH
from flask import Flask
=======
import math
from flask import Flask
>>>>>>> REPLACE
```
</solution>

Please note that the *SEARCH/REPLACE* edit REQUIRES PROPER INDENTATION. If you would like to add the line '        print(x)', you must fully write that out, with all those spaces before the code!
Wrap each *SEARCH/REPLACE* edit in a code block as shown in the example above. If you have multiple *SEARCH/REPLACE* edits, use a separate code block for each one.
[ISSUE]
**Title:** `getcolor` Assigns New Colors to Reserved Palette Indices Like Background or Transparency

**Description:**
When adding a new color to the palette using the `getcolor` method, the color is sometimes assigned to an index reserved for background or transparency. This results in duplicate indices, which can lead to unexpected behavior when handling images that utilize transparency or have a designated background color.

**Example Code:**
```python
from PIL import Image, ImagePalette

# Initialize a full RGB palette
palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette("RGB", list(range(256)) * 3)

# Create a new palette-based image
im = Image.new("P", (1, 1))
im.info["transparency"] = 0  # Reserve index 0 for transparency

# Attempt to add a new color
new_color_index = palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0), im)

# new_color_index should not be 0 since it's reserved for transparency
```

**Expected Behavior:**
The `getcolor` method should assign the new color to an unused palette index that is **not** reserved for background or transparency. This ensures that reserved indices remain unique and are not overwritten or duplicated by new colors.

**Actual Behavior:**
The `getcolor` method assigns the new color to a reserved index (e.g., index `0`), which is designated for transparency. This causes the transparency index to be reused unintentionally, leading to potential issues in image rendering and manipulation.

[/ISSUE]
{
    "\u001b[1mtest_sanity\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_reload\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_getcolor\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_getcolor_not_special[0-palette0]\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_getcolor_not_special[255-palette1]\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_file\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_make_linear_lut\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_make_linear_lut_not_yet_implemented\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_make_gamma_lut\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_rawmode_valueerrors\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_getdata\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_rawmode_getdata\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_2bit_palette\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_invalid_palette\u001b[0m": "PASSED"
}
diff --git a/src/PIL/ImagePalette.py b/src/PIL/ImagePalette.py
index 76c4c46d5..b0c722b29 100644
--- a/src/PIL/ImagePalette.py
+++ b/src/PIL/ImagePalette.py
@@ -118,11 +118,19 @@ class ImagePalette:
                 if not isinstance(self.palette, bytearray):
                     self._palette = bytearray(self.palette)
                 index = len(self.palette) // 3
+                special_colors = ()
+                if image:
+                    special_colors = (
+                        image.info.get("background"),
+                        image.info.get("transparency"),
+                    )
+                while index in special_colors:
+                    index += 1
                 if index >= 256:
                     if image:
                         # Search for an unused index
                         for i, count in reversed(list(enumerate(image.histogram()))):
-                            if count == 0:
+                            if count == 0 and i not in special_colors:
                                 index = i
                                 break
                     if index >= 256:
 

{"src/PIL/ImagePalette.py": "#\n# The Python Imaging Library.\n# $Id$\n#\n# image palette object\n#\n# History:\n# 1996-03-11 fl   Rewritten.\n# 1997-01-03 fl   Up and running.\n# 1997-08-23 fl   Added load hack\n# 2001-04-16 fl   Fixed randint shadow bug in random()\n#\n# Copyright (c) 1997-2001 by Secret Labs AB\n# Copyright (c) 1996-1997 by Fredrik Lundh\n#\n# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.\n#\n\nimport array\n\nfrom . import GimpGradientFile, GimpPaletteFile, ImageColor, PaletteFile\n\n\nclass ImagePalette:\n    \"\"\"\n    Color palette for palette mapped images\n\n    :param mode: The mode to use for the Palette. See:\n        :ref:`concept-modes`. Defaults to \"RGB\"\n    :param palette: An optional palette. If given, it must be a bytearray,\n        an array or a list of ints between 0-255 and of length ``size``\n        times the number of colors in ``mode``. The list must be aligned\n        by channel (All R values must be contiguous in the list before G\n        and B values.) Defaults to 0 through 255 per channel.\n    :param size: An optional palette size. If given, it cannot be equal to\n        or greater than 256. Defaults to 0.\n    \"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, mode=\"RGB\", palette=None, size=0):\n        self.mode = mode\n        self.rawmode = None  # if set, palette contains raw data\n        self.palette = palette or bytearray()\n        self.dirty = None\n        if size != 0 and size != len(self.palette):\n            raise ValueError(\"wrong palette size\")\n\n    @property\n    def palette(self):\n        return self._palette\n\n    @palette.setter\n    def palette(self, palette):\n        self._palette = palette\n\n        mode_len = len(self.mode)\n        self.colors = {}\n        for i in range(0, len(self.palette), mode_len):\n            color = tuple(self.palette[i : i + mode_len])\n            if color in self.colors:\n                continue\n            self.colors[color] = i // mode_len\n\n    def copy(self):\n        new = ImagePalette()\n\n        new.mode = self.mode\n        new.rawmode = self.rawmode\n        if self.palette is not None:\n            new.palette = self.palette[:]\n        new.dirty = self.dirty\n\n        return new\n\n    def getdata(self):\n        \"\"\"\n        Get palette contents in format suitable for the low-level\n        ``im.putpalette`` primitive.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            return self.rawmode, self.palette\n        return self.mode, self.tobytes()\n\n    def tobytes(self):\n        \"\"\"Convert palette to bytes.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            raise ValueError(\"palette contains raw palette data\")\n        if isinstance(self.palette, bytes):\n            return self.palette\n        arr = array.array(\"B\", self.palette)\n        return arr.tobytes()\n\n    # Declare tostring as an alias for tobytes\n    tostring = tobytes\n\n    def getcolor(self, color, image=None):\n        \"\"\"Given an rgb tuple, allocate palette entry.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            raise ValueError(\"palette contains raw palette data\")\n        if isinstance(color, tuple):\n            if self.mode == \"RGB\":\n                if len(color) == 4 and color[3] == 255:\n                    color = color[:3]\n            elif self.mode == \"RGBA\":\n                if len(color) == 3:\n                    color += (255,)\n            try:\n                return self.colors[color]\n            except KeyError as e:\n                # allocate new color slot\n                if not isinstance(self.palette, bytearray):\n                    self._palette = bytearray(self.palette)\n                index = len(self.palette) // 3\n                if index >= 256:\n                    if image:\n                        # Search for an unused index\n                        for i, count in reversed(list(enumerate(image.histogram()))):\n                            if count == 0:\n                                index = i\n                                break\n                    if index >= 256:\n                        raise ValueError(\"cannot allocate more than 256 colors\") from e\n                self.colors[color] = index\n                if index * 3 < len(self.palette):\n                    self._palette = (\n                        self.palette[: index * 3]\n                        + bytes(color)\n                        + self.palette[index * 3 + 3 :]\n                    )\n                else:\n                    self._palette += bytes(color)\n                self.dirty = 1\n                return index\n        else:\n            raise ValueError(f\"unknown color specifier: {repr(color)}\")\n\n    def save(self, fp):\n        \"\"\"Save palette to text file.\n\n        .. warning:: This method is experimental.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.rawmode:\n            raise ValueError(\"palette contains raw palette data\")\n        if isinstance(fp, str):\n            fp = open(fp, \"w\")\n        fp.write(\"# Palette\\n\")\n        fp.write(f\"# Mode: {self.mode}\\n\")\n        for i in range(256):\n            fp.write(f\"{i}\")\n            for j in range(i * len(self.mode), (i + 1) * len(self.mode)):\n                try:\n                    fp.write(f\" {self.palette[j]}\")\n                except IndexError:\n                    fp.write(\" 0\")\n            fp.write(\"\\n\")\n        fp.close()\n\n\n# --------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Internal\n\n\ndef raw(rawmode, data):\n    palette = ImagePalette()\n    palette.rawmode = rawmode\n    palette.palette = data\n    palette.dirty = 1\n    return palette\n\n\n# --------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Factories\n\n\ndef make_linear_lut(black, white):\n    lut = []\n    if black == 0:\n        for i in range(256):\n            lut.append(white * i // 255)\n    else:\n        raise NotImplementedError  # FIXME\n    return lut\n\n\ndef make_gamma_lut(exp):\n    lut = []\n    for i in range(256):\n        lut.append(int(((i / 255.0) ** exp) * 255.0 + 0.5))\n    return lut\n\n\ndef negative(mode=\"RGB\"):\n    palette = list(range(256))\n    palette.reverse()\n    return ImagePalette(mode, palette * len(mode))\n\n\ndef random(mode=\"RGB\"):\n    from random import randint\n\n    palette = []\n    for i in range(256 * len(mode)):\n        palette.append(randint(0, 255))\n    return ImagePalette(mode, palette)\n\n\ndef sepia(white=\"#fff0c0\"):\n    r, g, b = ImageColor.getrgb(white)\n    r = make_linear_lut(0, r)\n    g = make_linear_lut(0, g)\n    b = make_linear_lut(0, b)\n    return ImagePalette(\"RGB\", r + g + b)\n\n\ndef wedge(mode=\"RGB\"):\n    return ImagePalette(mode, list(range(256)) * len(mode))\n\n\ndef load(filename):\n\n    # FIXME: supports GIMP gradients only\n\n    with open(filename, \"rb\") as fp:\n\n        for paletteHandler in [\n            GimpPaletteFile.GimpPaletteFile,\n            GimpGradientFile.GimpGradientFile,\n            PaletteFile.PaletteFile,\n        ]:\n            try:\n                fp.seek(0)\n                lut = paletteHandler(fp).getpalette()\n                if lut:\n                    break\n            except (SyntaxError, ValueError):\n                # import traceback\n                # traceback.print_exc()\n                pass\n        else:\n            raise OSError(\"cannot load palette\")\n\n    return lut  # data, rawmode\n"}
A user will ask you to solve a task. You should first draft your thinking process (inner monologue). Then, generate the solution.

Your response format must follow the template below:
<think>
Your thoughts or/and draft, like working through an exercise on scratch paper. Be as casual and as long as you want until you are confident to generate a correct solution.
</think>
<solution>
Final solution presented to the user.
</solution>
system
We are currently solving the following issue within our repository. Here is the issue text:
--- BEGIN ISSUE ---
[ISSUE]
**Title:** `getcolor` Assigns New Colors to Reserved Palette Indices Like Background or Transparency

**Description:**
When adding a new color to the palette using the `getcolor` method, the color is sometimes assigned to an index reserved for background or transparency. This results in duplicate indices, which can lead to unexpected behavior when handling images that utilize transparency or have a designated background color.

**Example Code:**
```python
from PIL import Image, ImagePalette

# Initialize a full RGB palette
palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette("RGB", list(range(256)) * 3)

# Create a new palette-based image
im = Image.new("P", (1, 1))
im.info["transparency"] = 0  # Reserve index 0 for transparency

# Attempt to add a new color
new_color_index = palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0), im)

# new_color_index should not be 0 since it's reserved for transparency
```

**Expected Behavior:**
The `getcolor` method should assign the new color to an unused palette index that is **not** reserved for background or transparency. This ensures that reserved indices remain unique and are not overwritten or duplicated by new colors.

**Actual Behavior:**
The `getcolor` method assigns the new color to a reserved index (e.g., index `0`), which is designated for transparency. This causes the transparency index to be reused unintentionally, leading to potential issues in image rendering and manipulation.

[/ISSUE]
--- END ISSUE ---

Below are some code segments, each from a relevant file. One or more of these files may contain bugs.

--- BEGIN FILE ---
```
### src/PIL/ImagePalette.py
#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# image palette object
#
# History:
# 1996-03-11 fl   Rewritten.
# 1997-01-03 fl   Up and running.
# 1997-08-23 fl   Added load hack
# 2001-04-16 fl   Fixed randint shadow bug in random()
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2001 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 1996-1997 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#

import array

from . import GimpGradientFile, GimpPaletteFile, ImageColor, PaletteFile


class ImagePalette:
    """
    Color palette for palette mapped images

    :param mode: The mode to use for the Palette. See:
        :ref:`concept-modes`. Defaults to "RGB"
    :param palette: An optional palette. If given, it must be a bytearray,
        an array or a list of ints between 0-255 and of length ``size``
        times the number of colors in ``mode``. The list must be aligned
        by channel (All R values must be contiguous in the list before G
        and B values.) Defaults to 0 through 255 per channel.
    :param size: An optional palette size. If given, it cannot be equal to
        or greater than 256. Defaults to 0.
    """

    def __init__(self, mode="RGB", palette=None, size=0):
        self.mode = mode
        self.rawmode = None  # if set, palette contains raw data
        self.palette = palette or bytearray()
        self.dirty = None
        if size != 0 and size != len(self.palette):
            raise ValueError("wrong palette size")

    @property
    def palette(self):
        return self._palette

    @palette.setter
    def palette(self, palette):
        self._palette = palette

        mode_len = len(self.mode)
        self.colors = {}
        for i in range(0, len(self.palette), mode_len):
            color = tuple(self.palette[i : i + mode_len])
            if color in self.colors:
                continue
            self.colors[color] = i // mode_len

    def copy(self):
        new = ImagePalette()

        new.mode = self.mode
        new.rawmode = self.rawmode
        if self.palette is not None:
            new.palette = self.palette[:]
        new.dirty = self.dirty

        return new

    def getdata(self):
        """
        Get palette contents in format suitable for the low-level
        ``im.putpalette`` primitive.

        .. warning:: This method is experimental.
        """
        if self.rawmode:
            return self.rawmode, self.palette
        return self.mode, self.tobytes()

    def tobytes(self):
        """Convert palette to bytes.

        .. warning:: This method is experimental.
        """
        if self.rawmode:
            raise ValueError("palette contains raw palette data")
        if isinstance(self.palette, bytes):
            return self.palette
        arr = array.array("B", self.palette)
        return arr.tobytes()

    # Declare tostring as an alias for tobytes
    tostring = tobytes

    def getcolor(self, color, image=None):
        """Given an rgb tuple, allocate palette entry.

        .. warning:: This method is experimental.
        """
        if self.rawmode:
            raise ValueError("palette contains raw palette data")
        if isinstance(color, tuple):
            if self.mode == "RGB":
                if len(color) == 4 and color[3] == 255:
                    color = color[:3]
            elif self.mode == "RGBA":
                if len(color) == 3:
                    color += (255,)
            try:
                return self.colors[color]
            except KeyError as e:
                # allocate new color slot
                if not isinstance(self.palette, bytearray):
                    self._palette = bytearray(self.palette)
                index = len(self.palette) // 3
                if index >= 256:
                    if image:
                        # Search for an unused index
                        for i, count in reversed(list(enumerate(image.histogram()))):
                            if count == 0:
                                index = i
                                break
                    if index >= 256:
                        raise ValueError("cannot allocate more than 256 colors") from e
                self.colors[color] = index
                if index * 3 < len(self.palette):
                    self._palette = (
                        self.palette[: index * 3]
                        + bytes(color)
                        + self.palette[index * 3 + 3 :]
                    )
                else:
                    self._palette += bytes(color)
                self.dirty = 1
                return index
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"unknown color specifier: {repr(color)}")

    def save(self, fp):
        """Save palette to text file.

        .. warning:: This method is experimental.
        """
        if self.rawmode:
            raise ValueError("palette contains raw palette data")
        if isinstance(fp, str):
            fp = open(fp, "w")
        fp.write("# Palette\n")
        fp.write(f"# Mode: {self.mode}\n")
        for i in range(256):
            fp.write(f"{i}")
            for j in range(i * len(self.mode), (i + 1) * len(self.mode)):
                try:
                    fp.write(f" {self.palette[j]}")
                except IndexError:
                    fp.write(" 0")
            fp.write("\n")
        fp.close()


# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Internal


def raw(rawmode, data):
    palette = ImagePalette()
    palette.rawmode = rawmode
    palette.palette = data
    palette.dirty = 1
    return palette


# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Factories


def make_linear_lut(black, white):
    lut = []
    if black == 0:
        for i in range(256):
            lut.append(white * i // 255)
    else:
        raise NotImplementedError  # FIXME
    return lut


def make_gamma_lut(exp):
    lut = []
    for i in range(256):
        lut.append(int(((i / 255.0) ** exp) * 255.0 + 0.5))
    return lut


def negative(mode="RGB"):
    palette = list(range(256))
    palette.reverse()
    return ImagePalette(mode, palette * len(mode))


def random(mode="RGB"):
    from random import randint

    palette = []
    for i in range(256 * len(mode)):
        palette.append(randint(0, 255))
    return ImagePalette(mode, palette)


def sepia(white="#fff0c0"):
    r, g, b = ImageColor.getrgb(white)
    r = make_linear_lut(0, r)
    g = make_linear_lut(0, g)
    b = make_linear_lut(0, b)
    return ImagePalette("RGB", r + g + b)


def wedge(mode="RGB"):
    return ImagePalette(mode, list(range(256)) * len(mode))


def load(filename):

    # FIXME: supports GIMP gradients only

    with open(filename, "rb") as fp:

        for paletteHandler in [
            GimpPaletteFile.GimpPaletteFile,
            GimpGradientFile.GimpGradientFile,
            PaletteFile.PaletteFile,
        ]:
            try:
                fp.seek(0)
                lut = paletteHandler(fp).getpalette()
                if lut:
                    break
            except (SyntaxError, ValueError):
                # import traceback
                # traceback.print_exc()
                pass
        else:
            raise OSError("cannot load palette")

    return lut  # data, rawmode

```
--- END FILE ---

Please first localize the bug based on the issue statement, and then generate *SEARCH/REPLACE* edits to fix the issue.

Every *SEARCH/REPLACE* edit must use this format:
1. The file path
2. The start of search block: <<<<<<< SEARCH
3. A contiguous chunk of lines to search for in the existing source code
4. The dividing line: =======
5. The lines to replace into the source code
6. The end of the replace block: >>>>>>> REPLACE

Here is an example:

```python
### mathweb/flask/app.py
<<<<<<< SEARCH
from flask import Flask
=======
import math
from flask import Flask
>>>>>>> REPLACE
```
</solution>

Please note that the *SEARCH/REPLACE* edit REQUIRES PROPER INDENTATION. If you would like to add the line '        print(x)', you must fully write that out, with all those spaces before the code!
Wrap each *SEARCH/REPLACE* edit in a code block as shown in the example above. If you have multiple *SEARCH/REPLACE* edits, use a separate code block for each one.
user