{
    "file_diffs": [
        {
            "old_file_content": "from __future__ import annotations\nimport os\nimport warnings\nfrom io import BytesIO\n\nimport pytest\n\nfrom PIL import Image, ImageFile, TiffImagePlugin, UnidentifiedImageError\nfrom PIL.TiffImagePlugin import RESOLUTION_UNIT, X_RESOLUTION, Y_RESOLUTION\n\nfrom .helper import (\n    assert_image_equal,\n    assert_image_equal_tofile,\n    assert_image_similar,\n    assert_image_similar_tofile,\n    hopper,\n    is_pypy,\n    is_win32,\n)\n\ntry:\n    from defusedxml import ElementTree\nexcept ImportError:\n    ElementTree = None\n\n\nclass TestFileTiff:\n    def test_sanity(self, tmp_path):\n        filename = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        hopper(\"RGB\").save(filename)\n\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            im.load()\n        assert im.mode == \"RGB\"\n        assert im.size == (128, 128)\n        assert im.format == \"TIFF\"\n\n        hopper(\"1\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"L\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"P\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"RGB\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"I\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n    @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason=\"Requires CPython\")\n    def test_unclosed_file(self):\n        def open():\n            im = Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\")\n            im.load()\n\n        with pytest.warns(ResourceWarning):\n            open()\n\n    def test_closed_file(self):\n        with warnings.catch_warnings():\n            im = Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\")\n            im.load()\n            im.close()\n\n    def test_seek_after_close(self):\n        im = Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\")\n        im.close()\n\n        with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n            im.n_frames\n        with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n            im.seek(1)\n\n    def test_context_manager(self):\n        with warnings.catch_warnings():\n            with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n                im.load()\n\n    def test_mac_tiff(self):\n        # Read RGBa images from macOS [@PIL136]\n\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            assert im.mode == \"RGBA\"\n            assert im.size == (55, 43)\n            assert im.tile == [(\"raw\", (0, 0, 55, 43), 8, (\"RGBa\", 0, 1))]\n            im.load()\n\n            assert_image_similar_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/pil136.png\", 1)\n\n    def test_bigtiff(self, tmp_path):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_bigtiff.tif\") as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/hopper.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_bigtiff.tif\") as im:\n            # multistrip support not yet implemented\n            del im.tag_v2[273]\n\n            outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(outfile, save_all=True, append_images=[im], tiffinfo=im.tag_v2)\n\n    def test_set_legacy_api(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        with pytest.raises(Exception) as e:\n            ifd.legacy_api = None\n        assert str(e.value) == \"Not allowing setting of legacy api\"\n\n    def test_xyres_tiff(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil168.tif\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # legacy api\n            assert isinstance(im.tag[X_RESOLUTION][0], tuple)\n            assert isinstance(im.tag[Y_RESOLUTION][0], tuple)\n\n            # v2 api\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (72.0, 72.0)\n\n    def test_xyres_fallback_tiff(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/compression.tif\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # v2 api\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n            with pytest.raises(KeyError):\n                im.tag_v2[RESOLUTION_UNIT]\n\n            # Legacy.\n            assert im.info[\"resolution\"] == (100.0, 100.0)\n            # Fallback \"inch\".\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (100.0, 100.0)\n\n    def test_int_resolution(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil168.tif\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # Try to read a file where X,Y_RESOLUTION are ints\n            im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION] = 71\n            im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION] = 71\n            im._setup()\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (71.0, 71.0)\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\n        \"resolution_unit, dpi\",\n        [(None, 72.8), (2, 72.8), (3, 184.912)],\n    )\n    def test_load_float_dpi(self, resolution_unit, dpi):\n        with Image.open(\n            \"Tests/images/hopper_float_dpi_\" + str(resolution_unit) + \".tif\"\n        ) as im:\n            assert im.tag_v2.get(RESOLUTION_UNIT) == resolution_unit\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (dpi, dpi)\n\n    def test_save_float_dpi(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.tif\") as im:\n            dpi = (72.2, 72.2)\n            im.save(outfile, dpi=dpi)\n\n            with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n                assert reloaded.info[\"dpi\"] == dpi\n\n    def test_save_setting_missing_resolution(self):\n        b = BytesIO()\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/10ct_32bit_128.tiff\") as im:\n            im.save(b, format=\"tiff\", resolution=123.45)\n        with Image.open(b) as im:\n            assert im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION] == 123.45\n            assert im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION] == 123.45\n\n    def test_invalid_file(self):\n        invalid_file = \"Tests/images/flower.jpg\"\n\n        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):\n            TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile(invalid_file)\n\n        TiffImagePlugin.PREFIXES.append(b\"\\xff\\xd8\\xff\\xe0\")\n        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):\n            TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile(invalid_file)\n        TiffImagePlugin.PREFIXES.pop()\n\n    def test_bad_exif(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_bad_exif.jpg\") as i:\n            # Should not raise struct.error.\n            with pytest.warns(UserWarning):\n                i._getexif()\n\n    def test_save_rgba(self, tmp_path):\n        im = hopper(\"RGBA\")\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im.save(outfile)\n\n    def test_save_unsupported_mode(self, tmp_path):\n        im = hopper(\"HSV\")\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with pytest.raises(OSError):\n            im.save(outfile)\n\n    def test_8bit_s(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/8bit.s.tif\") as im:\n            im.load()\n            assert im.mode == \"L\"\n            assert im.getpixel((50, 50)) == 184\n\n    def test_little_endian(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.cropped.tif\") as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480\n            assert im.mode == \"I;16\"\n\n            b = im.tobytes()\n        # Bytes are in image native order (little endian)\n        assert b[0] == ord(b\"\\xe0\")\n        assert b[1] == ord(b\"\\x01\")\n\n    def test_big_endian(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.MM.cropped.tif\") as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480\n            assert im.mode == \"I;16B\"\n\n            b = im.tobytes()\n        # Bytes are in image native order (big endian)\n        assert b[0] == ord(b\"\\x01\")\n        assert b[1] == ord(b\"\\xe0\")\n\n    def test_16bit_r(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.r.tif\") as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480\n            assert im.mode == \"I;16\"\n\n            b = im.tobytes()\n        assert b[0] == ord(b\"\\xe0\")\n        assert b[1] == ord(b\"\\x01\")\n\n    def test_16bit_s(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.s.tif\") as im:\n            im.load()\n            assert im.mode == \"I\"\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 32767\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 1)) == 0\n\n    def test_12bit_rawmode(self):\n        \"\"\"Are we generating the same interpretation\n        of the image as Imagemagick is?\"\"\"\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/12bit.cropped.tif\") as im:\n            # to make the target --\n            # convert 12bit.cropped.tif -depth 16 tmp.tif\n            # convert tmp.tif -evaluate RightShift 4 12in16bit2.tif\n            # imagemagick will auto scale so that a 12bit FFF is 16bit FFF0,\n            # so we need to unshift so that the integer values are the same.\n\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/12in16bit.tif\")\n\n    def test_32bit_float(self):\n        # Issue 614, specific 32-bit float format\n        path = \"Tests/images/10ct_32bit_128.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(path) as im:\n            im.load()\n\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == -0.4526388943195343\n            assert im.getextrema() == (-3.140936851501465, 3.140684127807617)\n\n    def test_unknown_pixel_mode(self):\n        with pytest.raises(OSError):\n            with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_unknown_pixel_mode.tif\"):\n                pass\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\n        \"path, n_frames\",\n        (\n            (\"Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif\", 1),\n            (\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\", 3),\n        ),\n    )\n    def test_n_frames(self, path, n_frames):\n        with Image.open(path) as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == n_frames\n            assert im.is_animated == (n_frames != 1)\n\n    def test_eoferror(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif\") as im:\n            n_frames = im.n_frames\n\n            # Test seeking past the last frame\n            with pytest.raises(EOFError):\n                im.seek(n_frames)\n            assert im.tell() < n_frames\n\n            # Test that seeking to the last frame does not raise an error\n            im.seek(n_frames - 1)\n\n    def test_multipage(self):\n        # issue #862\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n            # file is a multipage tiff: 10x10 green, 10x10 red, 20x20 blue\n\n            im.seek(0)\n            assert im.size == (10, 10)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 128, 0)\n\n            im.seek(1)\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (10, 10)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (255, 0, 0)\n\n            im.seek(0)\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (10, 10)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 128, 0)\n\n            im.seek(2)\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (20, 20)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 255)\n\n    def test_multipage_last_frame(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif\") as im:\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (20, 20)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 255)\n\n    def test_frame_order(self):\n        # A frame can't progress to itself after reading\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage_single_frame_loop.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 1\n\n        # A frame can't progress to a frame that has already been read\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage_multiple_frame_loop.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 2\n\n        # Frames don't have to be in sequence\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage_out_of_order.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 3\n\n    def test___str__(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # Act\n            ret = str(im.ifd)\n\n            # Assert\n            assert isinstance(ret, str)\n\n    def test_dict(self):\n        # Arrange\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # v2 interface\n            v2_tags = {\n                256: 55,\n                257: 43,\n                258: (8, 8, 8, 8),\n                259: 1,\n                262: 2,\n                296: 2,\n                273: (8,),\n                338: (1,),\n                277: 4,\n                279: (9460,),\n                282: 72.0,\n                283: 72.0,\n                284: 1,\n            }\n            assert dict(im.tag_v2) == v2_tags\n\n            # legacy interface\n            legacy_tags = {\n                256: (55,),\n                257: (43,),\n                258: (8, 8, 8, 8),\n                259: (1,),\n                262: (2,),\n                296: (2,),\n                273: (8,),\n                338: (1,),\n                277: (4,),\n                279: (9460,),\n                282: ((720000, 10000),),\n                283: ((720000, 10000),),\n                284: (1,),\n            }\n            assert dict(im.tag) == legacy_tags\n\n    def test__delitem__(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            len_before = len(dict(im.ifd))\n            del im.ifd[256]\n            len_after = len(dict(im.ifd))\n            assert len_before == len_after + 1\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\"legacy_api\", (False, True))\n    def test_load_byte(self, legacy_api):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abc\"\n        ret = ifd.load_byte(data, legacy_api)\n        assert ret == b\"abc\"\n\n    def test_load_string(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abc\\0\"\n        ret = ifd.load_string(data, False)\n        assert ret == \"abc\"\n\n    def test_load_float(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abcdabcd\"\n        ret = ifd.load_float(data, False)\n        assert ret == (1.6777999408082104e22, 1.6777999408082104e22)\n\n    def test_load_double(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abcdefghabcdefgh\"\n        ret = ifd.load_double(data, False)\n        assert ret == (8.540883223036124e194, 8.540883223036124e194)\n\n    def test_ifd_tag_type(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/ifd_tag_type.tiff\") as im:\n            assert 0x8825 in im.tag_v2\n\n    def test_exif(self, tmp_path):\n        def check_exif(exif):\n            assert sorted(exif.keys()) == [\n                256,\n                257,\n                258,\n                259,\n                262,\n                271,\n                272,\n                273,\n                277,\n                278,\n                279,\n                282,\n                283,\n                284,\n                296,\n                297,\n                305,\n                339,\n                700,\n                34665,\n                34853,\n                50735,\n            ]\n            assert exif[256] == 640\n            assert exif[271] == \"FLIR\"\n\n            gps = exif.get_ifd(0x8825)\n            assert list(gps.keys()) == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 18]\n            assert gps[0] == b\"\\x03\\x02\\x00\\x00\"\n            assert gps[18] == \"WGS-84\"\n\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/ifd_tag_type.tiff\") as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            check_exif(exif)\n\n            im.save(outfile, exif=exif)\n\n        outfile2 = str(tmp_path / \"temp2.tif\")\n        with Image.open(outfile) as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            check_exif(exif)\n\n            im.save(outfile2, exif=exif.tobytes())\n\n        with Image.open(outfile2) as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            check_exif(exif)\n\n    def test_modify_exif(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/ifd_tag_type.tiff\") as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            exif[256] = 100\n\n            im.save(outfile, exif=exif)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            assert exif[256] == 100\n\n    def test_reload_exif_after_seek(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            del exif[256]\n            im.seek(1)\n\n            assert 256 in exif\n\n    def test_exif_frames(self):\n        # Test that EXIF data can change across frames\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/g4-multi.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.getexif()[273] == (328, 815)\n\n            im.seek(1)\n            assert im.getexif()[273] == (1408, 1907)\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\"mode\", (\"1\", \"L\"))\n    def test_photometric(self, mode, tmp_path):\n        filename = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im = hopper(mode)\n        im.save(filename, tiffinfo={262: 0})\n        with Image.open(filename) as reloaded:\n            assert reloaded.tag_v2[262] == 0\n            assert_image_equal(im, reloaded)\n\n    def test_seek(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            im.seek(0)\n            assert im.tell() == 0\n\n    def test_seek_eof(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            assert im.tell() == 0\n            with pytest.raises(EOFError):\n                im.seek(-1)\n            with pytest.raises(EOFError):\n                im.seek(1)\n\n    def test__limit_rational_int(self):\n        from PIL.TiffImagePlugin import _limit_rational\n\n        value = 34\n        ret = _limit_rational(value, 65536)\n        assert ret == (34, 1)\n\n    def test__limit_rational_float(self):\n        from PIL.TiffImagePlugin import _limit_rational\n\n        value = 22.3\n        ret = _limit_rational(value, 65536)\n        assert ret == (223, 10)\n\n    def test_4bit(self):\n        test_file = \"Tests/images/hopper_gray_4bpp.tif\"\n        original = hopper(\"L\")\n        with Image.open(test_file) as im:\n            assert im.size == (128, 128)\n            assert im.mode == \"L\"\n            assert_image_similar(im, original, 7.3)\n\n    def test_gray_semibyte_per_pixel(self):\n        test_files = (\n            (\n                24.8,  # epsilon\n                (  # group\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2I.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2R.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2IR.tif\",\n                ),\n            ),\n            (\n                7.3,  # epsilon\n                (  # group\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4I.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4R.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4IR.tif\",\n                ),\n            ),\n        )\n        original = hopper(\"L\")\n        for epsilon, group in test_files:\n            with Image.open(group[0]) as im:\n                assert im.size == (128, 128)\n                assert im.mode == \"L\"\n                assert_image_similar(im, original, epsilon)\n                for file in group[1:]:\n                    with Image.open(file) as im2:\n                        assert im2.size == (128, 128)\n                        assert im2.mode == \"L\"\n                        assert_image_equal(im, im2)\n\n    def test_with_underscores(self, tmp_path):\n        kwargs = {\"resolution_unit\": \"inch\", \"x_resolution\": 72, \"y_resolution\": 36}\n        filename = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        hopper(\"RGB\").save(filename, **kwargs)\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # legacy interface\n            assert im.tag[X_RESOLUTION][0][0] == 72\n            assert im.tag[Y_RESOLUTION][0][0] == 36\n\n            # v2 interface\n            assert im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION] == 72\n            assert im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION] == 36\n\n    def test_roundtrip_tiff_uint16(self, tmp_path):\n        # Test an image of all '0' values\n        pixel_value = 0x1234\n        infile = \"Tests/images/uint16_1_4660.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == pixel_value\n\n            tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(tmpfile)\n\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, tmpfile)\n\n    def test_strip_raw(self):\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_strip_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_strip_planar_raw(self):\n        # gdal_translate -of GTiff -co INTERLEAVE=BAND \\\n        # tiff_strip_raw.tif tiff_strip_planar_raw.tiff\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_strip_planar_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_strip_planar_raw_with_overviews(self):\n        # gdaladdo tiff_strip_planar_raw2.tif 2 4 8 16\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_strip_planar_raw_with_overviews.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_tiled_planar_raw(self):\n        # gdal_translate -of GTiff -co TILED=YES -co BLOCKXSIZE=32 \\\n        # -co BLOCKYSIZE=32 -co INTERLEAVE=BAND \\\n        # tiff_tiled_raw.tif tiff_tiled_planar_raw.tiff\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_tiled_planar_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_planar_configuration_save(self, tmp_path):\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_tiled_planar_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert im._planar_configuration == 2\n\n            outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(outfile)\n\n            with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n                assert_image_equal_tofile(reloaded, infile)\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\"mode\", (\"P\", \"PA\"))\n    def test_palette(self, mode, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        im = hopper(mode)\n        im.save(outfile)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n            assert_image_equal(im.convert(\"RGB\"), reloaded.convert(\"RGB\"))\n\n    def test_tiff_save_all(self):\n        mp = BytesIO()\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n            im.save(mp, format=\"tiff\", save_all=True)\n\n        mp.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)\n        with Image.open(mp) as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 3\n\n        # Test appending images\n        mp = BytesIO()\n        im = Image.new(\"RGB\", (100, 100), \"#f00\")\n        ims = [Image.new(\"RGB\", (100, 100), color) for color in [\"#0f0\", \"#00f\"]]\n        im.copy().save(mp, format=\"TIFF\", save_all=True, append_images=ims)\n\n        mp.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)\n        with Image.open(mp) as reread:\n            assert reread.n_frames == 3\n\n        # Test appending using a generator\n        def im_generator(ims):\n            yield from ims\n\n        mp = BytesIO()\n        im.save(mp, format=\"TIFF\", save_all=True, append_images=im_generator(ims))\n\n        mp.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)\n        with Image.open(mp) as reread:\n            assert reread.n_frames == 3\n\n    def test_saving_icc_profile(self, tmp_path):\n        # Tests saving TIFF with icc_profile set.\n        # At the time of writing this will only work for non-compressed tiffs\n        # as libtiff does not support embedded ICC profiles,\n        # ImageFile._save(..) however does.\n        im = Image.new(\"RGB\", (1, 1))\n        im.info[\"icc_profile\"] = \"Dummy value\"\n\n        # Try save-load round trip to make sure both handle icc_profile.\n        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im.save(tmpfile, \"TIFF\", compression=\"raw\")\n        with Image.open(tmpfile) as reloaded:\n            assert b\"Dummy value\" == reloaded.info[\"icc_profile\"]\n\n    def test_save_icc_profile(self, tmp_path):\n        im = hopper()\n        assert \"icc_profile\" not in im.info\n\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        icc_profile = b\"Dummy value\"\n        im.save(outfile, icc_profile=icc_profile)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n            assert reloaded.info[\"icc_profile\"] == icc_profile\n\n    def test_save_bmp_compression(self, tmp_path):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.bmp\") as im:\n            assert im.info[\"compression\"] == 0\n\n            outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(outfile)\n\n    def test_discard_icc_profile(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/icc_profile.png\") as im:\n            assert \"icc_profile\" in im.info\n\n            im.save(outfile, icc_profile=None)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n            assert \"icc_profile\" not in reloaded.info\n\n    def test_getxmp(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/lab.tif\") as im:\n            if ElementTree is None:\n                with pytest.warns(\n                    UserWarning,\n                    match=\"XMP data cannot be read without defusedxml dependency\",\n                ):\n                    assert im.getxmp() == {}\n            else:\n                xmp = im.getxmp()\n\n                description = xmp[\"xmpmeta\"][\"RDF\"][\"Description\"]\n                assert description[0][\"format\"] == \"image/tiff\"\n                assert description[3][\"BitsPerSample\"][\"Seq\"][\"li\"] == [\"8\", \"8\", \"8\"]\n\n    def test_get_photoshop_blocks(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/lab.tif\") as im:\n            assert list(im.get_photoshop_blocks().keys()) == [\n                1061,\n                1002,\n                1005,\n                1062,\n                1037,\n                1049,\n                1011,\n                1034,\n                10000,\n                1013,\n                1016,\n                1032,\n                1054,\n                1050,\n                1064,\n                1041,\n                1044,\n                1036,\n                1057,\n                4000,\n                4001,\n            ]\n\n    def test_close_on_load_exclusive(self, tmp_path):\n        # similar to test_fd_leak, but runs on unixlike os\n        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/uint16_1_4660.tif\") as im:\n            im.save(tmpfile)\n\n        im = Image.open(tmpfile)\n        fp = im.fp\n        assert not fp.closed\n        im.load()\n        assert fp.closed\n\n    def test_close_on_load_nonexclusive(self, tmp_path):\n        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/uint16_1_4660.tif\") as im:\n            im.save(tmpfile)\n\n        with open(tmpfile, \"rb\") as f:\n            im = Image.open(f)\n            fp = im.fp\n            assert not fp.closed\n            im.load()\n            assert not fp.closed\n\n    # Ignore this UserWarning which triggers for four tags:\n    # \"Possibly corrupt EXIF data.  Expecting to read 50404352 bytes but...\"\n    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(\"ignore:Possibly corrupt EXIF data\")\n    # Ignore this UserWarning:\n    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(\"ignore:Truncated File Read\")\n    @pytest.mark.skipif(\n        not os.path.exists(\"Tests/images/string_dimension.tiff\"),\n        reason=\"Extra image files not installed\",\n    )\n    def test_string_dimension(self):\n        # Assert that an error is raised if one of the dimensions is a string\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/string_dimension.tiff\") as im:\n            with pytest.raises(OSError):\n                im.load()\n\n    @pytest.mark.timeout(6)\n    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(\"ignore:Truncated File Read\")\n    def test_timeout(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/timeout-6646305047838720\") as im:\n            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True\n            im.load()\n            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\n        \"test_file\",\n        [\n            \"Tests/images/oom-225817ca0f8c663be7ab4b9e717b02c661e66834.tif\",\n        ],\n    )\n    @pytest.mark.timeout(2)\n    def test_oom(self, test_file):\n        with pytest.raises(UnidentifiedImageError):\n            with pytest.warns(UserWarning):\n                with Image.open(test_file):\n                    pass\n\n\n@pytest.mark.skipif(not is_win32(), reason=\"Windows only\")\nclass TestFileTiffW32:\n    def test_fd_leak(self, tmp_path):\n        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        # this is an mmaped file.\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/uint16_1_4660.tif\") as im:\n            im.save(tmpfile)\n\n        im = Image.open(tmpfile)\n        fp = im.fp\n        assert not fp.closed\n        with pytest.raises(OSError):\n            os.remove(tmpfile)\n        im.load()\n        assert fp.closed\n\n        # this closes the mmap\n        im.close()\n\n        # this should not fail, as load should have closed the file pointer,\n        # and close should have closed the mmap\n        os.remove(tmpfile)\n",
            "new_file_content": "from __future__ import annotations\nimport os\nimport warnings\nfrom io import BytesIO\n\nimport pytest\n\nfrom PIL import Image, ImageFile, TiffImagePlugin, UnidentifiedImageError\nfrom PIL.TiffImagePlugin import RESOLUTION_UNIT, X_RESOLUTION, Y_RESOLUTION\n\nfrom .helper import (\n    assert_image_equal,\n    assert_image_equal_tofile,\n    assert_image_similar,\n    assert_image_similar_tofile,\n    hopper,\n    is_pypy,\n    is_win32,\n)\n\ntry:\n    from defusedxml import ElementTree\nexcept ImportError:\n    ElementTree = None\n\n\nclass TestFileTiff:\n    def test_sanity(self, tmp_path):\n        filename = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        hopper(\"RGB\").save(filename)\n\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            im.load()\n        assert im.mode == \"RGB\"\n        assert im.size == (128, 128)\n        assert im.format == \"TIFF\"\n\n        hopper(\"1\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"L\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"P\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"RGB\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"I\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n    @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason=\"Requires CPython\")\n    def test_unclosed_file(self):\n        def open():\n            im = Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\")\n            im.load()\n\n        with pytest.warns(ResourceWarning):\n            open()\n\n    def test_closed_file(self):\n        with warnings.catch_warnings():\n            im = Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\")\n            im.load()\n            im.close()\n\n    def test_seek_after_close(self):\n        im = Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\")\n        im.close()\n\n        with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n            im.n_frames\n        with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n            im.seek(1)\n\n    def test_context_manager(self):\n        with warnings.catch_warnings():\n            with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n                im.load()\n\n    def test_mac_tiff(self):\n        # Read RGBa images from macOS [@PIL136]\n\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            assert im.mode == \"RGBA\"\n            assert im.size == (55, 43)\n            assert im.tile == [(\"raw\", (0, 0, 55, 43), 8, (\"RGBa\", 0, 1))]\n            im.load()\n\n            assert_image_similar_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/pil136.png\", 1)\n\n    def test_bigtiff(self, tmp_path):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_bigtiff.tif\") as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/hopper.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_bigtiff.tif\") as im:\n            # multistrip support not yet implemented\n            del im.tag_v2[273]\n\n            outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(outfile, save_all=True, append_images=[im], tiffinfo=im.tag_v2)\n\n    def test_set_legacy_api(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        with pytest.raises(Exception) as e:\n            ifd.legacy_api = None\n        assert str(e.value) == \"Not allowing setting of legacy api\"\n\n    def test_xyres_tiff(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil168.tif\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # legacy api\n            assert isinstance(im.tag[X_RESOLUTION][0], tuple)\n            assert isinstance(im.tag[Y_RESOLUTION][0], tuple)\n\n            # v2 api\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (72.0, 72.0)\n\n    def test_xyres_fallback_tiff(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/compression.tif\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # v2 api\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n            with pytest.raises(KeyError):\n                im.tag_v2[RESOLUTION_UNIT]\n\n            # Legacy.\n            assert im.info[\"resolution\"] == (100.0, 100.0)\n            # Fallback \"inch\".\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (100.0, 100.0)\n\n    def test_int_resolution(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil168.tif\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # Try to read a file where X,Y_RESOLUTION are ints\n            im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION] = 71\n            im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION] = 71\n            im._setup()\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (71.0, 71.0)\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\n        \"resolution_unit, dpi\",\n        [(None, 72.8), (2, 72.8), (3, 184.912)],\n    )\n    def test_load_float_dpi(self, resolution_unit, dpi):\n        with Image.open(\n            \"Tests/images/hopper_float_dpi_\" + str(resolution_unit) + \".tif\"\n        ) as im:\n            assert im.tag_v2.get(RESOLUTION_UNIT) == resolution_unit\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (dpi, dpi)\n\n    def test_save_float_dpi(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.tif\") as im:\n            dpi = (72.2, 72.2)\n            im.save(outfile, dpi=dpi)\n\n            with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n                assert reloaded.info[\"dpi\"] == dpi\n\n    def test_save_setting_missing_resolution(self):\n        b = BytesIO()\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/10ct_32bit_128.tiff\") as im:\n            im.save(b, format=\"tiff\", resolution=123.45)\n        with Image.open(b) as im:\n            assert im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION] == 123.45\n            assert im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION] == 123.45\n\n    def test_invalid_file(self):\n        invalid_file = \"Tests/images/flower.jpg\"\n\n        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):\n            TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile(invalid_file)\n\n        TiffImagePlugin.PREFIXES.append(b\"\\xff\\xd8\\xff\\xe0\")\n        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):\n            TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile(invalid_file)\n        TiffImagePlugin.PREFIXES.pop()\n\n    def test_bad_exif(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_bad_exif.jpg\") as i:\n            # Should not raise struct.error.\n            with pytest.warns(UserWarning):\n                i._getexif()\n\n    def test_save_rgba(self, tmp_path):\n        im = hopper(\"RGBA\")\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im.save(outfile)\n\n    def test_save_unsupported_mode(self, tmp_path):\n        im = hopper(\"HSV\")\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with pytest.raises(OSError):\n            im.save(outfile)\n\n    def test_8bit_s(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/8bit.s.tif\") as im:\n            im.load()\n            assert im.mode == \"L\"\n            assert im.getpixel((50, 50)) == 184\n\n    def test_little_endian(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.cropped.tif\") as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480\n            assert im.mode == \"I;16\"\n\n            b = im.tobytes()\n        # Bytes are in image native order (little endian)\n        assert b[0] == ord(b\"\\xe0\")\n        assert b[1] == ord(b\"\\x01\")\n\n    def test_big_endian(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.MM.cropped.tif\") as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480\n            assert im.mode == \"I;16B\"\n\n            b = im.tobytes()\n        # Bytes are in image native order (big endian)\n        assert b[0] == ord(b\"\\x01\")\n        assert b[1] == ord(b\"\\xe0\")\n\n    def test_16bit_r(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.r.tif\") as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480\n            assert im.mode == \"I;16\"\n\n            b = im.tobytes()\n        assert b[0] == ord(b\"\\xe0\")\n        assert b[1] == ord(b\"\\x01\")\n\n    def test_16bit_s(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.s.tif\") as im:\n            im.load()\n            assert im.mode == \"I\"\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 32767\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 1)) == 0\n\n    def test_12bit_rawmode(self):\n        \"\"\"Are we generating the same interpretation\n        of the image as Imagemagick is?\"\"\"\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/12bit.cropped.tif\") as im:\n            # to make the target --\n            # convert 12bit.cropped.tif -depth 16 tmp.tif\n            # convert tmp.tif -evaluate RightShift 4 12in16bit2.tif\n            # imagemagick will auto scale so that a 12bit FFF is 16bit FFF0,\n            # so we need to unshift so that the integer values are the same.\n\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/12in16bit.tif\")\n\n    def test_32bit_float(self):\n        # Issue 614, specific 32-bit float format\n        path = \"Tests/images/10ct_32bit_128.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(path) as im:\n            im.load()\n\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == -0.4526388943195343\n            assert im.getextrema() == (-3.140936851501465, 3.140684127807617)\n\n    def test_unknown_pixel_mode(self):\n        with pytest.raises(OSError):\n            with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_unknown_pixel_mode.tif\"):\n                pass\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\n        \"path, n_frames\",\n        (\n            (\"Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif\", 1),\n            (\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\", 3),\n        ),\n    )\n    def test_n_frames(self, path, n_frames):\n        with Image.open(path) as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == n_frames\n            assert im.is_animated == (n_frames != 1)\n\n    def test_eoferror(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif\") as im:\n            n_frames = im.n_frames\n\n            # Test seeking past the last frame\n            with pytest.raises(EOFError):\n                im.seek(n_frames)\n            assert im.tell() < n_frames\n\n            # Test that seeking to the last frame does not raise an error\n            im.seek(n_frames - 1)\n\n    def test_multipage(self):\n        # issue #862\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n            # file is a multipage tiff: 10x10 green, 10x10 red, 20x20 blue\n\n            im.seek(0)\n            assert im.size == (10, 10)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 128, 0)\n\n            im.seek(1)\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (10, 10)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (255, 0, 0)\n\n            im.seek(0)\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (10, 10)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 128, 0)\n\n            im.seek(2)\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (20, 20)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 255)\n\n    def test_multipage_last_frame(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif\") as im:\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (20, 20)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 255)\n\n    def test_frame_order(self):\n        # A frame can't progress to itself after reading\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage_single_frame_loop.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 1\n\n        # A frame can't progress to a frame that has already been read\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage_multiple_frame_loop.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 2\n\n        # Frames don't have to be in sequence\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage_out_of_order.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 3\n\n    def test___str__(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # Act\n            ret = str(im.ifd)\n\n            # Assert\n            assert isinstance(ret, str)\n\n    def test_dict(self):\n        # Arrange\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # v2 interface\n            v2_tags = {\n                256: 55,\n                257: 43,\n                258: (8, 8, 8, 8),\n                259: 1,\n                262: 2,\n                296: 2,\n                273: (8,),\n                338: (1,),\n                277: 4,\n                279: (9460,),\n                282: 72.0,\n                283: 72.0,\n                284: 1,\n            }\n            assert dict(im.tag_v2) == v2_tags\n\n            # legacy interface\n            legacy_tags = {\n                256: (55,),\n                257: (43,),\n                258: (8, 8, 8, 8),\n                259: (1,),\n                262: (2,),\n                296: (2,),\n                273: (8,),\n                338: (1,),\n                277: (4,),\n                279: (9460,),\n                282: ((720000, 10000),),\n                283: ((720000, 10000),),\n                284: (1,),\n            }\n            assert dict(im.tag) == legacy_tags\n\n    def test__delitem__(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            len_before = len(dict(im.ifd))\n            del im.ifd[256]\n            len_after = len(dict(im.ifd))\n            assert len_before == len_after + 1\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\"legacy_api\", (False, True))\n    def test_load_byte(self, legacy_api):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abc\"\n        ret = ifd.load_byte(data, legacy_api)\n        assert ret == b\"abc\"\n\n    def test_load_string(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abc\\0\"\n        ret = ifd.load_string(data, False)\n        assert ret == \"abc\"\n\n    def test_load_float(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abcdabcd\"\n        ret = ifd.load_float(data, False)\n        assert ret == (1.6777999408082104e22, 1.6777999408082104e22)\n\n    def test_load_double(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abcdefghabcdefgh\"\n        ret = ifd.load_double(data, False)\n        assert ret == (8.540883223036124e194, 8.540883223036124e194)\n\n    def test_ifd_tag_type(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/ifd_tag_type.tiff\") as im:\n            assert 0x8825 in im.tag_v2\n\n    def test_exif(self, tmp_path):\n        def check_exif(exif):\n            assert sorted(exif.keys()) == [\n                256,\n                257,\n                258,\n                259,\n                262,\n                271,\n                272,\n                273,\n                277,\n                278,\n                279,\n                282,\n                283,\n                284,\n                296,\n                297,\n                305,\n                339,\n                700,\n                34665,\n                34853,\n                50735,\n            ]\n            assert exif[256] == 640\n            assert exif[271] == \"FLIR\"\n\n            gps = exif.get_ifd(0x8825)\n            assert list(gps.keys()) == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 18]\n            assert gps[0] == b\"\\x03\\x02\\x00\\x00\"\n            assert gps[18] == \"WGS-84\"\n\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/ifd_tag_type.tiff\") as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            check_exif(exif)\n\n            im.save(outfile, exif=exif)\n\n        outfile2 = str(tmp_path / \"temp2.tif\")\n        with Image.open(outfile) as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            check_exif(exif)\n\n            im.save(outfile2, exif=exif.tobytes())\n\n        with Image.open(outfile2) as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            check_exif(exif)\n\n    def test_modify_exif(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/ifd_tag_type.tiff\") as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            exif[256] = 100\n\n            im.save(outfile, exif=exif)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            assert exif[256] == 100\n\n    def test_reload_exif_after_seek(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            del exif[256]\n            im.seek(1)\n\n            assert 256 in exif\n\n    def test_exif_frames(self):\n        # Test that EXIF data can change across frames\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/g4-multi.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.getexif()[273] == (328, 815)\n\n            im.seek(1)\n            assert im.getexif()[273] == (1408, 1907)\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\"mode\", (\"1\", \"L\"))\n    def test_photometric(self, mode, tmp_path):\n        filename = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im = hopper(mode)\n        im.save(filename, tiffinfo={262: 0})\n        with Image.open(filename) as reloaded:\n            assert reloaded.tag_v2[262] == 0\n            assert_image_equal(im, reloaded)\n\n    def test_seek(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            im.seek(0)\n            assert im.tell() == 0\n\n    def test_seek_eof(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            assert im.tell() == 0\n            with pytest.raises(EOFError):\n                im.seek(-1)\n            with pytest.raises(EOFError):\n                im.seek(1)\n\n    def test__limit_rational_int(self):\n        from PIL.TiffImagePlugin import _limit_rational\n\n        value = 34\n        ret = _limit_rational(value, 65536)\n        assert ret == (34, 1)\n\n    def test__limit_rational_float(self):\n        from PIL.TiffImagePlugin import _limit_rational\n\n        value = 22.3\n        ret = _limit_rational(value, 65536)\n        assert ret == (223, 10)\n\n    def test_4bit(self):\n        test_file = \"Tests/images/hopper_gray_4bpp.tif\"\n        original = hopper(\"L\")\n        with Image.open(test_file) as im:\n            assert im.size == (128, 128)\n            assert im.mode == \"L\"\n            assert_image_similar(im, original, 7.3)\n\n    def test_gray_semibyte_per_pixel(self):\n        test_files = (\n            (\n                24.8,  # epsilon\n                (  # group\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2I.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2R.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2IR.tif\",\n                ),\n            ),\n            (\n                7.3,  # epsilon\n                (  # group\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4I.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4R.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4IR.tif\",\n                ),\n            ),\n        )\n        original = hopper(\"L\")\n        for epsilon, group in test_files:\n            with Image.open(group[0]) as im:\n                assert im.size == (128, 128)\n                assert im.mode == \"L\"\n                assert_image_similar(im, original, epsilon)\n                for file in group[1:]:\n                    with Image.open(file) as im2:\n                        assert im2.size == (128, 128)\n                        assert im2.mode == \"L\"\n                        assert_image_equal(im, im2)\n\n    def test_with_underscores(self, tmp_path):\n        kwargs = {\"resolution_unit\": \"inch\", \"x_resolution\": 72, \"y_resolution\": 36}\n        filename = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        hopper(\"RGB\").save(filename, **kwargs)\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # legacy interface\n            assert im.tag[X_RESOLUTION][0][0] == 72\n            assert im.tag[Y_RESOLUTION][0][0] == 36\n\n            # v2 interface\n            assert im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION] == 72\n            assert im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION] == 36\n\n    def test_roundtrip_tiff_uint16(self, tmp_path):\n        # Test an image of all '0' values\n        pixel_value = 0x1234\n        infile = \"Tests/images/uint16_1_4660.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == pixel_value\n\n            tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(tmpfile)\n\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, tmpfile)\n\n    def test_rowsperstrip(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im = hopper()\n        im.save(outfile, tiffinfo={278: 256})\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as im:\n            assert im.tag_v2[278] == 256\n\n    def test_strip_raw(self):\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_strip_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_strip_planar_raw(self):\n        # gdal_translate -of GTiff -co INTERLEAVE=BAND \\\n        # tiff_strip_raw.tif tiff_strip_planar_raw.tiff\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_strip_planar_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_strip_planar_raw_with_overviews(self):\n        # gdaladdo tiff_strip_planar_raw2.tif 2 4 8 16\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_strip_planar_raw_with_overviews.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_tiled_planar_raw(self):\n        # gdal_translate -of GTiff -co TILED=YES -co BLOCKXSIZE=32 \\\n        # -co BLOCKYSIZE=32 -co INTERLEAVE=BAND \\\n        # tiff_tiled_raw.tif tiff_tiled_planar_raw.tiff\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_tiled_planar_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_planar_configuration_save(self, tmp_path):\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_tiled_planar_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert im._planar_configuration == 2\n\n            outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(outfile)\n\n            with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n                assert_image_equal_tofile(reloaded, infile)\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\"mode\", (\"P\", \"PA\"))\n    def test_palette(self, mode, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        im = hopper(mode)\n        im.save(outfile)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n            assert_image_equal(im.convert(\"RGB\"), reloaded.convert(\"RGB\"))\n\n    def test_tiff_save_all(self):\n        mp = BytesIO()\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n            im.save(mp, format=\"tiff\", save_all=True)\n\n        mp.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)\n        with Image.open(mp) as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 3\n\n        # Test appending images\n        mp = BytesIO()\n        im = Image.new(\"RGB\", (100, 100), \"#f00\")\n        ims = [Image.new(\"RGB\", (100, 100), color) for color in [\"#0f0\", \"#00f\"]]\n        im.copy().save(mp, format=\"TIFF\", save_all=True, append_images=ims)\n\n        mp.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)\n        with Image.open(mp) as reread:\n            assert reread.n_frames == 3\n\n        # Test appending using a generator\n        def im_generator(ims):\n            yield from ims\n\n        mp = BytesIO()\n        im.save(mp, format=\"TIFF\", save_all=True, append_images=im_generator(ims))\n\n        mp.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)\n        with Image.open(mp) as reread:\n            assert reread.n_frames == 3\n\n    def test_saving_icc_profile(self, tmp_path):\n        # Tests saving TIFF with icc_profile set.\n        # At the time of writing this will only work for non-compressed tiffs\n        # as libtiff does not support embedded ICC profiles,\n        # ImageFile._save(..) however does.\n        im = Image.new(\"RGB\", (1, 1))\n        im.info[\"icc_profile\"] = \"Dummy value\"\n\n        # Try save-load round trip to make sure both handle icc_profile.\n        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im.save(tmpfile, \"TIFF\", compression=\"raw\")\n        with Image.open(tmpfile) as reloaded:\n            assert b\"Dummy value\" == reloaded.info[\"icc_profile\"]\n\n    def test_save_icc_profile(self, tmp_path):\n        im = hopper()\n        assert \"icc_profile\" not in im.info\n\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        icc_profile = b\"Dummy value\"\n        im.save(outfile, icc_profile=icc_profile)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n            assert reloaded.info[\"icc_profile\"] == icc_profile\n\n    def test_save_bmp_compression(self, tmp_path):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.bmp\") as im:\n            assert im.info[\"compression\"] == 0\n\n            outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(outfile)\n\n    def test_discard_icc_profile(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/icc_profile.png\") as im:\n            assert \"icc_profile\" in im.info\n\n            im.save(outfile, icc_profile=None)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n            assert \"icc_profile\" not in reloaded.info\n\n    def test_getxmp(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/lab.tif\") as im:\n            if ElementTree is None:\n                with pytest.warns(\n                    UserWarning,\n                    match=\"XMP data cannot be read without defusedxml dependency\",\n                ):\n                    assert im.getxmp() == {}\n            else:\n                xmp = im.getxmp()\n\n                description = xmp[\"xmpmeta\"][\"RDF\"][\"Description\"]\n                assert description[0][\"format\"] == \"image/tiff\"\n                assert description[3][\"BitsPerSample\"][\"Seq\"][\"li\"] == [\"8\", \"8\", \"8\"]\n\n    def test_get_photoshop_blocks(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/lab.tif\") as im:\n            assert list(im.get_photoshop_blocks().keys()) == [\n                1061,\n                1002,\n                1005,\n                1062,\n                1037,\n                1049,\n                1011,\n                1034,\n                10000,\n                1013,\n                1016,\n                1032,\n                1054,\n                1050,\n                1064,\n                1041,\n                1044,\n                1036,\n                1057,\n                4000,\n                4001,\n            ]\n\n    def test_close_on_load_exclusive(self, tmp_path):\n        # similar to test_fd_leak, but runs on unixlike os\n        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/uint16_1_4660.tif\") as im:\n            im.save(tmpfile)\n\n        im = Image.open(tmpfile)\n        fp = im.fp\n        assert not fp.closed\n        im.load()\n        assert fp.closed\n\n    def test_close_on_load_nonexclusive(self, tmp_path):\n        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/uint16_1_4660.tif\") as im:\n            im.save(tmpfile)\n\n        with open(tmpfile, \"rb\") as f:\n            im = Image.open(f)\n            fp = im.fp\n            assert not fp.closed\n            im.load()\n            assert not fp.closed\n\n    # Ignore this UserWarning which triggers for four tags:\n    # \"Possibly corrupt EXIF data.  Expecting to read 50404352 bytes but...\"\n    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(\"ignore:Possibly corrupt EXIF data\")\n    # Ignore this UserWarning:\n    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(\"ignore:Truncated File Read\")\n    @pytest.mark.skipif(\n        not os.path.exists(\"Tests/images/string_dimension.tiff\"),\n        reason=\"Extra image files not installed\",\n    )\n    def test_string_dimension(self):\n        # Assert that an error is raised if one of the dimensions is a string\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/string_dimension.tiff\") as im:\n            with pytest.raises(OSError):\n                im.load()\n\n    @pytest.mark.timeout(6)\n    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(\"ignore:Truncated File Read\")\n    def test_timeout(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/timeout-6646305047838720\") as im:\n            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True\n            im.load()\n            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\n        \"test_file\",\n        [\n            \"Tests/images/oom-225817ca0f8c663be7ab4b9e717b02c661e66834.tif\",\n        ],\n    )\n    @pytest.mark.timeout(2)\n    def test_oom(self, test_file):\n        with pytest.raises(UnidentifiedImageError):\n            with pytest.warns(UserWarning):\n                with Image.open(test_file):\n                    pass\n\n\n@pytest.mark.skipif(not is_win32(), reason=\"Windows only\")\nclass TestFileTiffW32:\n    def test_fd_leak(self, tmp_path):\n        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        # this is an mmaped file.\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/uint16_1_4660.tif\") as im:\n            im.save(tmpfile)\n\n        im = Image.open(tmpfile)\n        fp = im.fp\n        assert not fp.closed\n        with pytest.raises(OSError):\n            os.remove(tmpfile)\n        im.load()\n        assert fp.closed\n\n        # this closes the mmap\n        im.close()\n\n        # this should not fail, as load should have closed the file pointer,\n        # and close should have closed the mmap\n        os.remove(tmpfile)\n",
            "header": {
                "file": {
                    "path": "Tests/test_file_tiff.py"
                },
                "misc_line": null
            },
            "index_line": {
                "old_commit_hash": "0851796d0",
                "new_commit_hash": "0737c8a2a",
                "mode": "100644"
            },
            "is_binary_file": false,
            "binary_line": null,
            "minus_file": {
                "path": "a/Tests/test_file_tiff.py"
            },
            "plus_file": {
                "path": "b/Tests/test_file_tiff.py"
            },
            "hunks": [
                {
                    "descriptor": {
                        "old_range": {
                            "start": 612,
                            "length": 6
                        },
                        "new_range": {
                            "start": 612,
                            "length": 14
                        },
                        "section": "class TestFileTiff:"
                    },
                    "line_group": {
                        "all_lines": [
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, tmpfile)",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    def test_rowsperstrip(self, tmp_path):",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        im = hopper()",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        im.save(outfile, tiffinfo={278: 256})",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        with Image.open(outfile) as im:",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "            assert im.tag_v2[278] == 256",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    def test_strip_raw(self):",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_strip_raw.tif\"",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        with Image.open(infile) as im:",
                                "type": "context"
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    "modified_entities": [
                        {
                            "file_name": "Tests/test_file_tiff.py",
                            "type": "class",
                            "name": "TestFileTiff",
                            "content": "class TestFileTiff:\n    def test_sanity(self, tmp_path):\n        filename = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        hopper(\"RGB\").save(filename)\n\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            im.load()\n        assert im.mode == \"RGB\"\n        assert im.size == (128, 128)\n        assert im.format == \"TIFF\"\n\n        hopper(\"1\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"L\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"P\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"RGB\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"I\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n    @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason=\"Requires CPython\")\n    def test_unclosed_file(self):\n        def open():\n            im = Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\")\n            im.load()\n\n        with pytest.warns(ResourceWarning):\n            open()\n\n    def test_closed_file(self):\n        with warnings.catch_warnings():\n            im = Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\")\n            im.load()\n            im.close()\n\n    def test_seek_after_close(self):\n        im = Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\")\n        im.close()\n\n        with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n            im.n_frames\n        with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n            im.seek(1)\n\n    def test_context_manager(self):\n        with warnings.catch_warnings():\n            with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n                im.load()\n\n    def test_mac_tiff(self):\n        # Read RGBa images from macOS [@PIL136]\n\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            assert im.mode == \"RGBA\"\n            assert im.size == (55, 43)\n            assert im.tile == [(\"raw\", (0, 0, 55, 43), 8, (\"RGBa\", 0, 1))]\n            im.load()\n\n            assert_image_similar_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/pil136.png\", 1)\n\n    def test_bigtiff(self, tmp_path):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_bigtiff.tif\") as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/hopper.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_bigtiff.tif\") as im:\n            # multistrip support not yet implemented\n            del im.tag_v2[273]\n\n            outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(outfile, save_all=True, append_images=[im], tiffinfo=im.tag_v2)\n\n    def test_set_legacy_api(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        with pytest.raises(Exception) as e:\n            ifd.legacy_api = None\n        assert str(e.value) == \"Not allowing setting of legacy api\"\n\n    def test_xyres_tiff(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil168.tif\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # legacy api\n            assert isinstance(im.tag[X_RESOLUTION][0], tuple)\n            assert isinstance(im.tag[Y_RESOLUTION][0], tuple)\n\n            # v2 api\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (72.0, 72.0)\n\n    def test_xyres_fallback_tiff(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/compression.tif\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # v2 api\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n            with pytest.raises(KeyError):\n                im.tag_v2[RESOLUTION_UNIT]\n\n            # Legacy.\n            assert im.info[\"resolution\"] == (100.0, 100.0)\n            # Fallback \"inch\".\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (100.0, 100.0)\n\n    def test_int_resolution(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil168.tif\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # Try to read a file where X,Y_RESOLUTION are ints\n            im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION] = 71\n            im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION] = 71\n            im._setup()\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (71.0, 71.0)\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\n        \"resolution_unit, dpi\",\n        [(None, 72.8), (2, 72.8), (3, 184.912)],\n    )\n    def test_load_float_dpi(self, resolution_unit, dpi):\n        with Image.open(\n            \"Tests/images/hopper_float_dpi_\" + str(resolution_unit) + \".tif\"\n        ) as im:\n            assert im.tag_v2.get(RESOLUTION_UNIT) == resolution_unit\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (dpi, dpi)\n\n    def test_save_float_dpi(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.tif\") as im:\n            dpi = (72.2, 72.2)\n            im.save(outfile, dpi=dpi)\n\n            with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n                assert reloaded.info[\"dpi\"] == dpi\n\n    def test_save_setting_missing_resolution(self):\n        b = BytesIO()\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/10ct_32bit_128.tiff\") as im:\n            im.save(b, format=\"tiff\", resolution=123.45)\n        with Image.open(b) as im:\n            assert im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION] == 123.45\n            assert im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION] == 123.45\n\n    def test_invalid_file(self):\n        invalid_file = \"Tests/images/flower.jpg\"\n\n        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):\n            TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile(invalid_file)\n\n        TiffImagePlugin.PREFIXES.append(b\"\\xff\\xd8\\xff\\xe0\")\n        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):\n            TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile(invalid_file)\n        TiffImagePlugin.PREFIXES.pop()\n\n    def test_bad_exif(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_bad_exif.jpg\") as i:\n            # Should not raise struct.error.\n            with pytest.warns(UserWarning):\n                i._getexif()\n\n    def test_save_rgba(self, tmp_path):\n        im = hopper(\"RGBA\")\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im.save(outfile)\n\n    def test_save_unsupported_mode(self, tmp_path):\n        im = hopper(\"HSV\")\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with pytest.raises(OSError):\n            im.save(outfile)\n\n    def test_8bit_s(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/8bit.s.tif\") as im:\n            im.load()\n            assert im.mode == \"L\"\n            assert im.getpixel((50, 50)) == 184\n\n    def test_little_endian(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.cropped.tif\") as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480\n            assert im.mode == \"I;16\"\n\n            b = im.tobytes()\n        # Bytes are in image native order (little endian)\n        assert b[0] == ord(b\"\\xe0\")\n        assert b[1] == ord(b\"\\x01\")\n\n    def test_big_endian(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.MM.cropped.tif\") as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480\n            assert im.mode == \"I;16B\"\n\n            b = im.tobytes()\n        # Bytes are in image native order (big endian)\n        assert b[0] == ord(b\"\\x01\")\n        assert b[1] == ord(b\"\\xe0\")\n\n    def test_16bit_r(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.r.tif\") as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480\n            assert im.mode == \"I;16\"\n\n            b = im.tobytes()\n        assert b[0] == ord(b\"\\xe0\")\n        assert b[1] == ord(b\"\\x01\")\n\n    def test_16bit_s(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.s.tif\") as im:\n            im.load()\n            assert im.mode == \"I\"\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 32767\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 1)) == 0\n\n    def test_12bit_rawmode(self):\n        \"\"\"Are we generating the same interpretation\n        of the image as Imagemagick is?\"\"\"\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/12bit.cropped.tif\") as im:\n            # to make the target --\n            # convert 12bit.cropped.tif -depth 16 tmp.tif\n            # convert tmp.tif -evaluate RightShift 4 12in16bit2.tif\n            # imagemagick will auto scale so that a 12bit FFF is 16bit FFF0,\n            # so we need to unshift so that the integer values are the same.\n\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/12in16bit.tif\")\n\n    def test_32bit_float(self):\n        # Issue 614, specific 32-bit float format\n        path = \"Tests/images/10ct_32bit_128.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(path) as im:\n            im.load()\n\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == -0.4526388943195343\n            assert im.getextrema() == (-3.140936851501465, 3.140684127807617)\n\n    def test_unknown_pixel_mode(self):\n        with pytest.raises(OSError):\n            with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_unknown_pixel_mode.tif\"):\n                pass\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\n        \"path, n_frames\",\n        (\n            (\"Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif\", 1),\n            (\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\", 3),\n        ),\n    )\n    def test_n_frames(self, path, n_frames):\n        with Image.open(path) as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == n_frames\n            assert im.is_animated == (n_frames != 1)\n\n    def test_eoferror(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif\") as im:\n            n_frames = im.n_frames\n\n            # Test seeking past the last frame\n            with pytest.raises(EOFError):\n                im.seek(n_frames)\n            assert im.tell() < n_frames\n\n            # Test that seeking to the last frame does not raise an error\n            im.seek(n_frames - 1)\n\n    def test_multipage(self):\n        # issue #862\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n            # file is a multipage tiff: 10x10 green, 10x10 red, 20x20 blue\n\n            im.seek(0)\n            assert im.size == (10, 10)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 128, 0)\n\n            im.seek(1)\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (10, 10)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (255, 0, 0)\n\n            im.seek(0)\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (10, 10)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 128, 0)\n\n            im.seek(2)\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (20, 20)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 255)\n\n    def test_multipage_last_frame(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif\") as im:\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (20, 20)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 255)\n\n    def test_frame_order(self):\n        # A frame can't progress to itself after reading\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage_single_frame_loop.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 1\n\n        # A frame can't progress to a frame that has already been read\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage_multiple_frame_loop.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 2\n\n        # Frames don't have to be in sequence\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage_out_of_order.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 3\n\n    def test___str__(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # Act\n            ret = str(im.ifd)\n\n            # Assert\n            assert isinstance(ret, str)\n\n    def test_dict(self):\n        # Arrange\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # v2 interface\n            v2_tags = {\n                256: 55,\n                257: 43,\n                258: (8, 8, 8, 8),\n                259: 1,\n                262: 2,\n                296: 2,\n                273: (8,),\n                338: (1,),\n                277: 4,\n                279: (9460,),\n                282: 72.0,\n                283: 72.0,\n                284: 1,\n            }\n            assert dict(im.tag_v2) == v2_tags\n\n            # legacy interface\n            legacy_tags = {\n                256: (55,),\n                257: (43,),\n                258: (8, 8, 8, 8),\n                259: (1,),\n                262: (2,),\n                296: (2,),\n                273: (8,),\n                338: (1,),\n                277: (4,),\n                279: (9460,),\n                282: ((720000, 10000),),\n                283: ((720000, 10000),),\n                284: (1,),\n            }\n            assert dict(im.tag) == legacy_tags\n\n    def test__delitem__(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            len_before = len(dict(im.ifd))\n            del im.ifd[256]\n            len_after = len(dict(im.ifd))\n            assert len_before == len_after + 1\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\"legacy_api\", (False, True))\n    def test_load_byte(self, legacy_api):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abc\"\n        ret = ifd.load_byte(data, legacy_api)\n        assert ret == b\"abc\"\n\n    def test_load_string(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abc\\0\"\n        ret = ifd.load_string(data, False)\n        assert ret == \"abc\"\n\n    def test_load_float(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abcdabcd\"\n        ret = ifd.load_float(data, False)\n        assert ret == (1.6777999408082104e22, 1.6777999408082104e22)\n\n    def test_load_double(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abcdefghabcdefgh\"\n        ret = ifd.load_double(data, False)\n        assert ret == (8.540883223036124e194, 8.540883223036124e194)\n\n    def test_ifd_tag_type(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/ifd_tag_type.tiff\") as im:\n            assert 0x8825 in im.tag_v2\n\n    def test_exif(self, tmp_path):\n        def check_exif(exif):\n            assert sorted(exif.keys()) == [\n                256,\n                257,\n                258,\n                259,\n                262,\n                271,\n                272,\n                273,\n                277,\n                278,\n                279,\n                282,\n                283,\n                284,\n                296,\n                297,\n                305,\n                339,\n                700,\n                34665,\n                34853,\n                50735,\n            ]\n            assert exif[256] == 640\n            assert exif[271] == \"FLIR\"\n\n            gps = exif.get_ifd(0x8825)\n            assert list(gps.keys()) == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 18]\n            assert gps[0] == b\"\\x03\\x02\\x00\\x00\"\n            assert gps[18] == \"WGS-84\"\n\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/ifd_tag_type.tiff\") as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            check_exif(exif)\n\n            im.save(outfile, exif=exif)\n\n        outfile2 = str(tmp_path / \"temp2.tif\")\n        with Image.open(outfile) as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            check_exif(exif)\n\n            im.save(outfile2, exif=exif.tobytes())\n\n        with Image.open(outfile2) as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            check_exif(exif)\n\n    def test_modify_exif(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/ifd_tag_type.tiff\") as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            exif[256] = 100\n\n            im.save(outfile, exif=exif)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            assert exif[256] == 100\n\n    def test_reload_exif_after_seek(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            del exif[256]\n            im.seek(1)\n\n            assert 256 in exif\n\n    def test_exif_frames(self):\n        # Test that EXIF data can change across frames\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/g4-multi.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.getexif()[273] == (328, 815)\n\n            im.seek(1)\n            assert im.getexif()[273] == (1408, 1907)\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\"mode\", (\"1\", \"L\"))\n    def test_photometric(self, mode, tmp_path):\n        filename = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im = hopper(mode)\n        im.save(filename, tiffinfo={262: 0})\n        with Image.open(filename) as reloaded:\n            assert reloaded.tag_v2[262] == 0\n            assert_image_equal(im, reloaded)\n\n    def test_seek(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            im.seek(0)\n            assert im.tell() == 0\n\n    def test_seek_eof(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            assert im.tell() == 0\n            with pytest.raises(EOFError):\n                im.seek(-1)\n            with pytest.raises(EOFError):\n                im.seek(1)\n\n    def test__limit_rational_int(self):\n        from PIL.TiffImagePlugin import _limit_rational\n\n        value = 34\n        ret = _limit_rational(value, 65536)\n        assert ret == (34, 1)\n\n    def test__limit_rational_float(self):\n        from PIL.TiffImagePlugin import _limit_rational\n\n        value = 22.3\n        ret = _limit_rational(value, 65536)\n        assert ret == (223, 10)\n\n    def test_4bit(self):\n        test_file = \"Tests/images/hopper_gray_4bpp.tif\"\n        original = hopper(\"L\")\n        with Image.open(test_file) as im:\n            assert im.size == (128, 128)\n            assert im.mode == \"L\"\n            assert_image_similar(im, original, 7.3)\n\n    def test_gray_semibyte_per_pixel(self):\n        test_files = (\n            (\n                24.8,  # epsilon\n                (  # group\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2I.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2R.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2IR.tif\",\n                ),\n            ),\n            (\n                7.3,  # epsilon\n                (  # group\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4I.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4R.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4IR.tif\",\n                ),\n            ),\n        )\n        original = hopper(\"L\")\n        for epsilon, group in test_files:\n            with Image.open(group[0]) as im:\n                assert im.size == (128, 128)\n                assert im.mode == \"L\"\n                assert_image_similar(im, original, epsilon)\n                for file in group[1:]:\n                    with Image.open(file) as im2:\n                        assert im2.size == (128, 128)\n                        assert im2.mode == \"L\"\n                        assert_image_equal(im, im2)\n\n    def test_with_underscores(self, tmp_path):\n        kwargs = {\"resolution_unit\": \"inch\", \"x_resolution\": 72, \"y_resolution\": 36}\n        filename = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        hopper(\"RGB\").save(filename, **kwargs)\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # legacy interface\n            assert im.tag[X_RESOLUTION][0][0] == 72\n            assert im.tag[Y_RESOLUTION][0][0] == 36\n\n            # v2 interface\n            assert im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION] == 72\n            assert im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION] == 36\n\n    def test_roundtrip_tiff_uint16(self, tmp_path):\n        # Test an image of all '0' values\n        pixel_value = 0x1234\n        infile = \"Tests/images/uint16_1_4660.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == pixel_value\n\n            tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(tmpfile)\n\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, tmpfile)\n\n    def test_rowsperstrip(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im = hopper()\n        im.save(outfile, tiffinfo={278: 256})\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as im:\n            assert im.tag_v2[278] == 256\n\n    def test_strip_raw(self):\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_strip_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_strip_planar_raw(self):\n        # gdal_translate -of GTiff -co INTERLEAVE=BAND \\\n        # tiff_strip_raw.tif tiff_strip_planar_raw.tiff\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_strip_planar_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_strip_planar_raw_with_overviews(self):\n        # gdaladdo tiff_strip_planar_raw2.tif 2 4 8 16\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_strip_planar_raw_with_overviews.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_tiled_planar_raw(self):\n        # gdal_translate -of GTiff -co TILED=YES -co BLOCKXSIZE=32 \\\n        # -co BLOCKYSIZE=32 -co INTERLEAVE=BAND \\\n        # tiff_tiled_raw.tif tiff_tiled_planar_raw.tiff\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_tiled_planar_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_planar_configuration_save(self, tmp_path):\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_tiled_planar_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert im._planar_configuration == 2\n\n            outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(outfile)\n\n            with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n                assert_image_equal_tofile(reloaded, infile)\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\"mode\", (\"P\", \"PA\"))\n    def test_palette(self, mode, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        im = hopper(mode)\n        im.save(outfile)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n            assert_image_equal(im.convert(\"RGB\"), reloaded.convert(\"RGB\"))\n\n    def test_tiff_save_all(self):\n        mp = BytesIO()\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n            im.save(mp, format=\"tiff\", save_all=True)\n\n        mp.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)\n        with Image.open(mp) as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 3\n\n        # Test appending images\n        mp = BytesIO()\n        im = Image.new(\"RGB\", (100, 100), \"#f00\")\n        ims = [Image.new(\"RGB\", (100, 100), color) for color in [\"#0f0\", \"#00f\"]]\n        im.copy().save(mp, format=\"TIFF\", save_all=True, append_images=ims)\n\n        mp.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)\n        with Image.open(mp) as reread:\n            assert reread.n_frames == 3\n\n        # Test appending using a generator\n        def im_generator(ims):\n            yield from ims\n\n        mp = BytesIO()\n        im.save(mp, format=\"TIFF\", save_all=True, append_images=im_generator(ims))\n\n        mp.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)\n        with Image.open(mp) as reread:\n            assert reread.n_frames == 3\n\n    def test_saving_icc_profile(self, tmp_path):\n        # Tests saving TIFF with icc_profile set.\n        # At the time of writing this will only work for non-compressed tiffs\n        # as libtiff does not support embedded ICC profiles,\n        # ImageFile._save(..) however does.\n        im = Image.new(\"RGB\", (1, 1))\n        im.info[\"icc_profile\"] = \"Dummy value\"\n\n        # Try save-load round trip to make sure both handle icc_profile.\n        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im.save(tmpfile, \"TIFF\", compression=\"raw\")\n        with Image.open(tmpfile) as reloaded:\n            assert b\"Dummy value\" == reloaded.info[\"icc_profile\"]\n\n    def test_save_icc_profile(self, tmp_path):\n        im = hopper()\n        assert \"icc_profile\" not in im.info\n\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        icc_profile = b\"Dummy value\"\n        im.save(outfile, icc_profile=icc_profile)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n            assert reloaded.info[\"icc_profile\"] == icc_profile\n\n    def test_save_bmp_compression(self, tmp_path):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.bmp\") as im:\n            assert im.info[\"compression\"] == 0\n\n            outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(outfile)\n\n    def test_discard_icc_profile(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/icc_profile.png\") as im:\n            assert \"icc_profile\" in im.info\n\n            im.save(outfile, icc_profile=None)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n            assert \"icc_profile\" not in reloaded.info\n\n    def test_getxmp(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/lab.tif\") as im:\n            if ElementTree is None:\n                with pytest.warns(\n                    UserWarning,\n                    match=\"XMP data cannot be read without defusedxml dependency\",\n                ):\n                    assert im.getxmp() == {}\n            else:\n                xmp = im.getxmp()\n\n                description = xmp[\"xmpmeta\"][\"RDF\"][\"Description\"]\n                assert description[0][\"format\"] == \"image/tiff\"\n                assert description[3][\"BitsPerSample\"][\"Seq\"][\"li\"] == [\"8\", \"8\", \"8\"]\n\n    def test_get_photoshop_blocks(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/lab.tif\") as im:\n            assert list(im.get_photoshop_blocks().keys()) == [\n                1061,\n                1002,\n                1005,\n                1062,\n                1037,\n                1049,\n                1011,\n                1034,\n                10000,\n                1013,\n                1016,\n                1032,\n                1054,\n                1050,\n                1064,\n                1041,\n                1044,\n                1036,\n                1057,\n                4000,\n                4001,\n            ]\n\n    def test_close_on_load_exclusive(self, tmp_path):\n        # similar to test_fd_leak, but runs on unixlike os\n        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/uint16_1_4660.tif\") as im:\n            im.save(tmpfile)\n\n        im = Image.open(tmpfile)\n        fp = im.fp\n        assert not fp.closed\n        im.load()\n        assert fp.closed\n\n    def test_close_on_load_nonexclusive(self, tmp_path):\n        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/uint16_1_4660.tif\") as im:\n            im.save(tmpfile)\n\n        with open(tmpfile, \"rb\") as f:\n            im = Image.open(f)\n            fp = im.fp\n            assert not fp.closed\n            im.load()\n            assert not fp.closed\n\n    # Ignore this UserWarning which triggers for four tags:\n    # \"Possibly corrupt EXIF data.  Expecting to read 50404352 bytes but...\"\n    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(\"ignore:Possibly corrupt EXIF data\")\n    # Ignore this UserWarning:\n    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(\"ignore:Truncated File Read\")\n    @pytest.mark.skipif(\n        not os.path.exists(\"Tests/images/string_dimension.tiff\"),\n        reason=\"Extra image files not installed\",\n    )\n    def test_string_dimension(self):\n        # Assert that an error is raised if one of the dimensions is a string\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/string_dimension.tiff\") as im:\n            with pytest.raises(OSError):\n                im.load()\n\n    @pytest.mark.timeout(6)\n    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(\"ignore:Truncated File Read\")\n    def test_timeout(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/timeout-6646305047838720\") as im:\n            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True\n            im.load()\n            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\n        \"test_file\",\n        [\n            \"Tests/images/oom-225817ca0f8c663be7ab4b9e717b02c661e66834.tif\",\n        ],\n    )\n    @pytest.mark.timeout(2)\n    def test_oom(self, test_file):\n        with pytest.raises(UnidentifiedImageError):\n            with pytest.warns(UserWarning):\n                with Image.open(test_file):\n                    pass",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 27,
                            "end_lineno": 844,
                            "parent": null
                        }
                    ],
                    "added_entities": [
                        {
                            "file_name": "Tests/test_file_tiff.py",
                            "type": "method",
                            "name": "TestFileTiff.test_rowsperstrip",
                            "content": "class TestFileTiff:\n    def test_sanity(self, tmp_path):\n        filename = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        hopper(\"RGB\").save(filename)\n\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            im.load()\n        assert im.mode == \"RGB\"\n        assert im.size == (128, 128)\n        assert im.format == \"TIFF\"\n\n        hopper(\"1\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"L\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"P\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"RGB\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"I\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n    @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason=\"Requires CPython\")\n    def test_unclosed_file(self):\n        def open():\n            im = Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\")\n            im.load()\n\n        with pytest.warns(ResourceWarning):\n            open()\n\n    def test_closed_file(self):\n        with warnings.catch_warnings():\n            im = Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\")\n            im.load()\n            im.close()\n\n    def test_seek_after_close(self):\n        im = Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\")\n        im.close()\n\n        with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n            im.n_frames\n        with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n            im.seek(1)\n\n    def test_context_manager(self):\n        with warnings.catch_warnings():\n            with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n                im.load()\n\n    def test_mac_tiff(self):\n        # Read RGBa images from macOS [@PIL136]\n\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            assert im.mode == \"RGBA\"\n            assert im.size == (55, 43)\n            assert im.tile == [(\"raw\", (0, 0, 55, 43), 8, (\"RGBa\", 0, 1))]\n            im.load()\n\n            assert_image_similar_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/pil136.png\", 1)\n\n    def test_bigtiff(self, tmp_path):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_bigtiff.tif\") as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/hopper.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_bigtiff.tif\") as im:\n            # multistrip support not yet implemented\n            del im.tag_v2[273]\n\n            outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(outfile, save_all=True, append_images=[im], tiffinfo=im.tag_v2)\n\n    def test_set_legacy_api(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        with pytest.raises(Exception) as e:\n            ifd.legacy_api = None\n        assert str(e.value) == \"Not allowing setting of legacy api\"\n\n    def test_xyres_tiff(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil168.tif\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # legacy api\n            assert isinstance(im.tag[X_RESOLUTION][0], tuple)\n            assert isinstance(im.tag[Y_RESOLUTION][0], tuple)\n\n            # v2 api\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (72.0, 72.0)\n\n    def test_xyres_fallback_tiff(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/compression.tif\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # v2 api\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n            with pytest.raises(KeyError):\n                im.tag_v2[RESOLUTION_UNIT]\n\n            # Legacy.\n            assert im.info[\"resolution\"] == (100.0, 100.0)\n            # Fallback \"inch\".\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (100.0, 100.0)\n\n    def test_int_resolution(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil168.tif\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # Try to read a file where X,Y_RESOLUTION are ints\n            im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION] = 71\n            im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION] = 71\n            im._setup()\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (71.0, 71.0)\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\n        \"resolution_unit, dpi\",\n        [(None, 72.8), (2, 72.8), (3, 184.912)],\n    )\n    def test_load_float_dpi(self, resolution_unit, dpi):\n        with Image.open(\n            \"Tests/images/hopper_float_dpi_\" + str(resolution_unit) + \".tif\"\n        ) as im:\n            assert im.tag_v2.get(RESOLUTION_UNIT) == resolution_unit\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (dpi, dpi)\n\n    def test_save_float_dpi(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.tif\") as im:\n            dpi = (72.2, 72.2)\n            im.save(outfile, dpi=dpi)\n\n            with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n                assert reloaded.info[\"dpi\"] == dpi\n\n    def test_save_setting_missing_resolution(self):\n        b = BytesIO()\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/10ct_32bit_128.tiff\") as im:\n            im.save(b, format=\"tiff\", resolution=123.45)\n        with Image.open(b) as im:\n            assert im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION] == 123.45\n            assert im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION] == 123.45\n\n    def test_invalid_file(self):\n        invalid_file = \"Tests/images/flower.jpg\"\n\n        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):\n            TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile(invalid_file)\n\n        TiffImagePlugin.PREFIXES.append(b\"\\xff\\xd8\\xff\\xe0\")\n        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):\n            TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile(invalid_file)\n        TiffImagePlugin.PREFIXES.pop()\n\n    def test_bad_exif(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_bad_exif.jpg\") as i:\n            # Should not raise struct.error.\n            with pytest.warns(UserWarning):\n                i._getexif()\n\n    def test_save_rgba(self, tmp_path):\n        im = hopper(\"RGBA\")\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im.save(outfile)\n\n    def test_save_unsupported_mode(self, tmp_path):\n        im = hopper(\"HSV\")\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with pytest.raises(OSError):\n            im.save(outfile)\n\n    def test_8bit_s(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/8bit.s.tif\") as im:\n            im.load()\n            assert im.mode == \"L\"\n            assert im.getpixel((50, 50)) == 184\n\n    def test_little_endian(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.cropped.tif\") as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480\n            assert im.mode == \"I;16\"\n\n            b = im.tobytes()\n        # Bytes are in image native order (little endian)\n        assert b[0] == ord(b\"\\xe0\")\n        assert b[1] == ord(b\"\\x01\")\n\n    def test_big_endian(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.MM.cropped.tif\") as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480\n            assert im.mode == \"I;16B\"\n\n            b = im.tobytes()\n        # Bytes are in image native order (big endian)\n        assert b[0] == ord(b\"\\x01\")\n        assert b[1] == ord(b\"\\xe0\")\n\n    def test_16bit_r(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.r.tif\") as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480\n            assert im.mode == \"I;16\"\n\n            b = im.tobytes()\n        assert b[0] == ord(b\"\\xe0\")\n        assert b[1] == ord(b\"\\x01\")\n\n    def test_16bit_s(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.s.tif\") as im:\n            im.load()\n            assert im.mode == \"I\"\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 32767\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 1)) == 0\n\n    def test_12bit_rawmode(self):\n        \"\"\"Are we generating the same interpretation\n        of the image as Imagemagick is?\"\"\"\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/12bit.cropped.tif\") as im:\n            # to make the target --\n            # convert 12bit.cropped.tif -depth 16 tmp.tif\n            # convert tmp.tif -evaluate RightShift 4 12in16bit2.tif\n            # imagemagick will auto scale so that a 12bit FFF is 16bit FFF0,\n            # so we need to unshift so that the integer values are the same.\n\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/12in16bit.tif\")\n\n    def test_32bit_float(self):\n        # Issue 614, specific 32-bit float format\n        path = \"Tests/images/10ct_32bit_128.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(path) as im:\n            im.load()\n\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == -0.4526388943195343\n            assert im.getextrema() == (-3.140936851501465, 3.140684127807617)\n\n    def test_unknown_pixel_mode(self):\n        with pytest.raises(OSError):\n            with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_unknown_pixel_mode.tif\"):\n                pass\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\n        \"path, n_frames\",\n        (\n            (\"Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif\", 1),\n            (\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\", 3),\n        ),\n    )\n    def test_n_frames(self, path, n_frames):\n        with Image.open(path) as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == n_frames\n            assert im.is_animated == (n_frames != 1)\n\n    def test_eoferror(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif\") as im:\n            n_frames = im.n_frames\n\n            # Test seeking past the last frame\n            with pytest.raises(EOFError):\n                im.seek(n_frames)\n            assert im.tell() < n_frames\n\n            # Test that seeking to the last frame does not raise an error\n            im.seek(n_frames - 1)\n\n    def test_multipage(self):\n        # issue #862\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n            # file is a multipage tiff: 10x10 green, 10x10 red, 20x20 blue\n\n            im.seek(0)\n            assert im.size == (10, 10)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 128, 0)\n\n            im.seek(1)\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (10, 10)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (255, 0, 0)\n\n            im.seek(0)\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (10, 10)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 128, 0)\n\n            im.seek(2)\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (20, 20)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 255)\n\n    def test_multipage_last_frame(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif\") as im:\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (20, 20)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 255)\n\n    def test_frame_order(self):\n        # A frame can't progress to itself after reading\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage_single_frame_loop.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 1\n\n        # A frame can't progress to a frame that has already been read\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage_multiple_frame_loop.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 2\n\n        # Frames don't have to be in sequence\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage_out_of_order.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 3\n\n    def test___str__(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # Act\n            ret = str(im.ifd)\n\n            # Assert\n            assert isinstance(ret, str)\n\n    def test_dict(self):\n        # Arrange\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # v2 interface\n            v2_tags = {\n                256: 55,\n                257: 43,\n                258: (8, 8, 8, 8),\n                259: 1,\n                262: 2,\n                296: 2,\n                273: (8,),\n                338: (1,),\n                277: 4,\n                279: (9460,),\n                282: 72.0,\n                283: 72.0,\n                284: 1,\n            }\n            assert dict(im.tag_v2) == v2_tags\n\n            # legacy interface\n            legacy_tags = {\n                256: (55,),\n                257: (43,),\n                258: (8, 8, 8, 8),\n                259: (1,),\n                262: (2,),\n                296: (2,),\n                273: (8,),\n                338: (1,),\n                277: (4,),\n                279: (9460,),\n                282: ((720000, 10000),),\n                283: ((720000, 10000),),\n                284: (1,),\n            }\n            assert dict(im.tag) == legacy_tags\n\n    def test__delitem__(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            len_before = len(dict(im.ifd))\n            del im.ifd[256]\n            len_after = len(dict(im.ifd))\n            assert len_before == len_after + 1\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\"legacy_api\", (False, True))\n    def test_load_byte(self, legacy_api):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abc\"\n        ret = ifd.load_byte(data, legacy_api)\n        assert ret == b\"abc\"\n\n    def test_load_string(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abc\\0\"\n        ret = ifd.load_string(data, False)\n        assert ret == \"abc\"\n\n    def test_load_float(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abcdabcd\"\n        ret = ifd.load_float(data, False)\n        assert ret == (1.6777999408082104e22, 1.6777999408082104e22)\n\n    def test_load_double(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abcdefghabcdefgh\"\n        ret = ifd.load_double(data, False)\n        assert ret == (8.540883223036124e194, 8.540883223036124e194)\n\n    def test_ifd_tag_type(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/ifd_tag_type.tiff\") as im:\n            assert 0x8825 in im.tag_v2\n\n    def test_exif(self, tmp_path):\n        def check_exif(exif):\n            assert sorted(exif.keys()) == [\n                256,\n                257,\n                258,\n                259,\n                262,\n                271,\n                272,\n                273,\n                277,\n                278,\n                279,\n                282,\n                283,\n                284,\n                296,\n                297,\n                305,\n                339,\n                700,\n                34665,\n                34853,\n                50735,\n            ]\n            assert exif[256] == 640\n            assert exif[271] == \"FLIR\"\n\n            gps = exif.get_ifd(0x8825)\n            assert list(gps.keys()) == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 18]\n            assert gps[0] == b\"\\x03\\x02\\x00\\x00\"\n            assert gps[18] == \"WGS-84\"\n\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/ifd_tag_type.tiff\") as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            check_exif(exif)\n\n            im.save(outfile, exif=exif)\n\n        outfile2 = str(tmp_path / \"temp2.tif\")\n        with Image.open(outfile) as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            check_exif(exif)\n\n            im.save(outfile2, exif=exif.tobytes())\n\n        with Image.open(outfile2) as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            check_exif(exif)\n\n    def test_modify_exif(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/ifd_tag_type.tiff\") as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            exif[256] = 100\n\n            im.save(outfile, exif=exif)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            assert exif[256] == 100\n\n    def test_reload_exif_after_seek(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            del exif[256]\n            im.seek(1)\n\n            assert 256 in exif\n\n    def test_exif_frames(self):\n        # Test that EXIF data can change across frames\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/g4-multi.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.getexif()[273] == (328, 815)\n\n            im.seek(1)\n            assert im.getexif()[273] == (1408, 1907)\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\"mode\", (\"1\", \"L\"))\n    def test_photometric(self, mode, tmp_path):\n        filename = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im = hopper(mode)\n        im.save(filename, tiffinfo={262: 0})\n        with Image.open(filename) as reloaded:\n            assert reloaded.tag_v2[262] == 0\n            assert_image_equal(im, reloaded)\n\n    def test_seek(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            im.seek(0)\n            assert im.tell() == 0\n\n    def test_seek_eof(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            assert im.tell() == 0\n            with pytest.raises(EOFError):\n                im.seek(-1)\n            with pytest.raises(EOFError):\n                im.seek(1)\n\n    def test__limit_rational_int(self):\n        from PIL.TiffImagePlugin import _limit_rational\n\n        value = 34\n        ret = _limit_rational(value, 65536)\n        assert ret == (34, 1)\n\n    def test__limit_rational_float(self):\n        from PIL.TiffImagePlugin import _limit_rational\n\n        value = 22.3\n        ret = _limit_rational(value, 65536)\n        assert ret == (223, 10)\n\n    def test_4bit(self):\n        test_file = \"Tests/images/hopper_gray_4bpp.tif\"\n        original = hopper(\"L\")\n        with Image.open(test_file) as im:\n            assert im.size == (128, 128)\n            assert im.mode == \"L\"\n            assert_image_similar(im, original, 7.3)\n\n    def test_gray_semibyte_per_pixel(self):\n        test_files = (\n            (\n                24.8,  # epsilon\n                (  # group\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2I.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2R.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2IR.tif\",\n                ),\n            ),\n            (\n                7.3,  # epsilon\n                (  # group\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4I.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4R.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4IR.tif\",\n                ),\n            ),\n        )\n        original = hopper(\"L\")\n        for epsilon, group in test_files:\n            with Image.open(group[0]) as im:\n                assert im.size == (128, 128)\n                assert im.mode == \"L\"\n                assert_image_similar(im, original, epsilon)\n                for file in group[1:]:\n                    with Image.open(file) as im2:\n                        assert im2.size == (128, 128)\n                        assert im2.mode == \"L\"\n                        assert_image_equal(im, im2)\n\n    def test_with_underscores(self, tmp_path):\n        kwargs = {\"resolution_unit\": \"inch\", \"x_resolution\": 72, \"y_resolution\": 36}\n        filename = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        hopper(\"RGB\").save(filename, **kwargs)\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # legacy interface\n            assert im.tag[X_RESOLUTION][0][0] == 72\n            assert im.tag[Y_RESOLUTION][0][0] == 36\n\n            # v2 interface\n            assert im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION] == 72\n            assert im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION] == 36\n\n    def test_roundtrip_tiff_uint16(self, tmp_path):\n        # Test an image of all '0' values\n        pixel_value = 0x1234\n        infile = \"Tests/images/uint16_1_4660.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == pixel_value\n\n            tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(tmpfile)\n\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, tmpfile)\n\n    def test_rowsperstrip(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im = hopper()\n        im.save(outfile, tiffinfo={278: 256})\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as im:\n            assert im.tag_v2[278] == 256\n\n    def test_strip_raw(self):\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_strip_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_strip_planar_raw(self):\n        # gdal_translate -of GTiff -co INTERLEAVE=BAND \\\n        # tiff_strip_raw.tif tiff_strip_planar_raw.tiff\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_strip_planar_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_strip_planar_raw_with_overviews(self):\n        # gdaladdo tiff_strip_planar_raw2.tif 2 4 8 16\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_strip_planar_raw_with_overviews.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_tiled_planar_raw(self):\n        # gdal_translate -of GTiff -co TILED=YES -co BLOCKXSIZE=32 \\\n        # -co BLOCKYSIZE=32 -co INTERLEAVE=BAND \\\n        # tiff_tiled_raw.tif tiff_tiled_planar_raw.tiff\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_tiled_planar_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_planar_configuration_save(self, tmp_path):\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_tiled_planar_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert im._planar_configuration == 2\n\n            outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(outfile)\n\n            with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n                assert_image_equal_tofile(reloaded, infile)\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\"mode\", (\"P\", \"PA\"))\n    def test_palette(self, mode, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        im = hopper(mode)\n        im.save(outfile)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n            assert_image_equal(im.convert(\"RGB\"), reloaded.convert(\"RGB\"))\n\n    def test_tiff_save_all(self):\n        mp = BytesIO()\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n            im.save(mp, format=\"tiff\", save_all=True)\n\n        mp.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)\n        with Image.open(mp) as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 3\n\n        # Test appending images\n        mp = BytesIO()\n        im = Image.new(\"RGB\", (100, 100), \"#f00\")\n        ims = [Image.new(\"RGB\", (100, 100), color) for color in [\"#0f0\", \"#00f\"]]\n        im.copy().save(mp, format=\"TIFF\", save_all=True, append_images=ims)\n\n        mp.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)\n        with Image.open(mp) as reread:\n            assert reread.n_frames == 3\n\n        # Test appending using a generator\n        def im_generator(ims):\n            yield from ims\n\n        mp = BytesIO()\n        im.save(mp, format=\"TIFF\", save_all=True, append_images=im_generator(ims))\n\n        mp.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)\n        with Image.open(mp) as reread:\n            assert reread.n_frames == 3\n\n    def test_saving_icc_profile(self, tmp_path):\n        # Tests saving TIFF with icc_profile set.\n        # At the time of writing this will only work for non-compressed tiffs\n        # as libtiff does not support embedded ICC profiles,\n        # ImageFile._save(..) however does.\n        im = Image.new(\"RGB\", (1, 1))\n        im.info[\"icc_profile\"] = \"Dummy value\"\n\n        # Try save-load round trip to make sure both handle icc_profile.\n        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im.save(tmpfile, \"TIFF\", compression=\"raw\")\n        with Image.open(tmpfile) as reloaded:\n            assert b\"Dummy value\" == reloaded.info[\"icc_profile\"]\n\n    def test_save_icc_profile(self, tmp_path):\n        im = hopper()\n        assert \"icc_profile\" not in im.info\n\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        icc_profile = b\"Dummy value\"\n        im.save(outfile, icc_profile=icc_profile)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n            assert reloaded.info[\"icc_profile\"] == icc_profile\n\n    def test_save_bmp_compression(self, tmp_path):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.bmp\") as im:\n            assert im.info[\"compression\"] == 0\n\n            outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(outfile)\n\n    def test_discard_icc_profile(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/icc_profile.png\") as im:\n            assert \"icc_profile\" in im.info\n\n            im.save(outfile, icc_profile=None)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n            assert \"icc_profile\" not in reloaded.info\n\n    def test_getxmp(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/lab.tif\") as im:\n            if ElementTree is None:\n                with pytest.warns(\n                    UserWarning,\n                    match=\"XMP data cannot be read without defusedxml dependency\",\n                ):\n                    assert im.getxmp() == {}\n            else:\n                xmp = im.getxmp()\n\n                description = xmp[\"xmpmeta\"][\"RDF\"][\"Description\"]\n                assert description[0][\"format\"] == \"image/tiff\"\n                assert description[3][\"BitsPerSample\"][\"Seq\"][\"li\"] == [\"8\", \"8\", \"8\"]\n\n    def test_get_photoshop_blocks(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/lab.tif\") as im:\n            assert list(im.get_photoshop_blocks().keys()) == [\n                1061,\n                1002,\n                1005,\n                1062,\n                1037,\n                1049,\n                1011,\n                1034,\n                10000,\n                1013,\n                1016,\n                1032,\n                1054,\n                1050,\n                1064,\n                1041,\n                1044,\n                1036,\n                1057,\n                4000,\n                4001,\n            ]\n\n    def test_close_on_load_exclusive(self, tmp_path):\n        # similar to test_fd_leak, but runs on unixlike os\n        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/uint16_1_4660.tif\") as im:\n            im.save(tmpfile)\n\n        im = Image.open(tmpfile)\n        fp = im.fp\n        assert not fp.closed\n        im.load()\n        assert fp.closed\n\n    def test_close_on_load_nonexclusive(self, tmp_path):\n        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/uint16_1_4660.tif\") as im:\n            im.save(tmpfile)\n\n        with open(tmpfile, \"rb\") as f:\n            im = Image.open(f)\n            fp = im.fp\n            assert not fp.closed\n            im.load()\n            assert not fp.closed\n\n    # Ignore this UserWarning which triggers for four tags:\n    # \"Possibly corrupt EXIF data.  Expecting to read 50404352 bytes but...\"\n    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(\"ignore:Possibly corrupt EXIF data\")\n    # Ignore this UserWarning:\n    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(\"ignore:Truncated File Read\")\n    @pytest.mark.skipif(\n        not os.path.exists(\"Tests/images/string_dimension.tiff\"),\n        reason=\"Extra image files not installed\",\n    )\n    def test_string_dimension(self):\n        # Assert that an error is raised if one of the dimensions is a string\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/string_dimension.tiff\") as im:\n            with pytest.raises(OSError):\n                im.load()\n\n    @pytest.mark.timeout(6)\n    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(\"ignore:Truncated File Read\")\n    def test_timeout(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/timeout-6646305047838720\") as im:\n            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True\n            im.load()\n            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\n        \"test_file\",\n        [\n            \"Tests/images/oom-225817ca0f8c663be7ab4b9e717b02c661e66834.tif\",\n        ],\n    )\n    @pytest.mark.timeout(2)\n    def test_oom(self, test_file):\n        with pytest.raises(UnidentifiedImageError):\n            with pytest.warns(UserWarning):\n                with Image.open(test_file):\n                    pass",
                            "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                            "start_lineno": 615,
                            "end_lineno": 621,
                            "parent": {
                                "file_name": "Tests/test_file_tiff.py",
                                "type": "class",
                                "name": "TestFileTiff",
                                "content": "class TestFileTiff:\n    def test_sanity(self, tmp_path):\n        filename = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        hopper(\"RGB\").save(filename)\n\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            im.load()\n        assert im.mode == \"RGB\"\n        assert im.size == (128, 128)\n        assert im.format == \"TIFF\"\n\n        hopper(\"1\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"L\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"P\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"RGB\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"I\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n    @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason=\"Requires CPython\")\n    def test_unclosed_file(self):\n        def open():\n            im = Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\")\n            im.load()\n\n        with pytest.warns(ResourceWarning):\n            open()\n\n    def test_closed_file(self):\n        with warnings.catch_warnings():\n            im = Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\")\n            im.load()\n            im.close()\n\n    def test_seek_after_close(self):\n        im = Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\")\n        im.close()\n\n        with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n            im.n_frames\n        with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n            im.seek(1)\n\n    def test_context_manager(self):\n        with warnings.catch_warnings():\n            with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n                im.load()\n\n    def test_mac_tiff(self):\n        # Read RGBa images from macOS [@PIL136]\n\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            assert im.mode == \"RGBA\"\n            assert im.size == (55, 43)\n            assert im.tile == [(\"raw\", (0, 0, 55, 43), 8, (\"RGBa\", 0, 1))]\n            im.load()\n\n            assert_image_similar_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/pil136.png\", 1)\n\n    def test_bigtiff(self, tmp_path):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_bigtiff.tif\") as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/hopper.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_bigtiff.tif\") as im:\n            # multistrip support not yet implemented\n            del im.tag_v2[273]\n\n            outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(outfile, save_all=True, append_images=[im], tiffinfo=im.tag_v2)\n\n    def test_set_legacy_api(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        with pytest.raises(Exception) as e:\n            ifd.legacy_api = None\n        assert str(e.value) == \"Not allowing setting of legacy api\"\n\n    def test_xyres_tiff(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil168.tif\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # legacy api\n            assert isinstance(im.tag[X_RESOLUTION][0], tuple)\n            assert isinstance(im.tag[Y_RESOLUTION][0], tuple)\n\n            # v2 api\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (72.0, 72.0)\n\n    def test_xyres_fallback_tiff(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/compression.tif\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # v2 api\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n            with pytest.raises(KeyError):\n                im.tag_v2[RESOLUTION_UNIT]\n\n            # Legacy.\n            assert im.info[\"resolution\"] == (100.0, 100.0)\n            # Fallback \"inch\".\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (100.0, 100.0)\n\n    def test_int_resolution(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil168.tif\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # Try to read a file where X,Y_RESOLUTION are ints\n            im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION] = 71\n            im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION] = 71\n            im._setup()\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (71.0, 71.0)\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\n        \"resolution_unit, dpi\",\n        [(None, 72.8), (2, 72.8), (3, 184.912)],\n    )\n    def test_load_float_dpi(self, resolution_unit, dpi):\n        with Image.open(\n            \"Tests/images/hopper_float_dpi_\" + str(resolution_unit) + \".tif\"\n        ) as im:\n            assert im.tag_v2.get(RESOLUTION_UNIT) == resolution_unit\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (dpi, dpi)\n\n    def test_save_float_dpi(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.tif\") as im:\n            dpi = (72.2, 72.2)\n            im.save(outfile, dpi=dpi)\n\n            with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n                assert reloaded.info[\"dpi\"] == dpi\n\n    def test_save_setting_missing_resolution(self):\n        b = BytesIO()\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/10ct_32bit_128.tiff\") as im:\n            im.save(b, format=\"tiff\", resolution=123.45)\n        with Image.open(b) as im:\n            assert im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION] == 123.45\n            assert im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION] == 123.45\n\n    def test_invalid_file(self):\n        invalid_file = \"Tests/images/flower.jpg\"\n\n        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):\n            TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile(invalid_file)\n\n        TiffImagePlugin.PREFIXES.append(b\"\\xff\\xd8\\xff\\xe0\")\n        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):\n            TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile(invalid_file)\n        TiffImagePlugin.PREFIXES.pop()\n\n    def test_bad_exif(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_bad_exif.jpg\") as i:\n            # Should not raise struct.error.\n            with pytest.warns(UserWarning):\n                i._getexif()\n\n    def test_save_rgba(self, tmp_path):\n        im = hopper(\"RGBA\")\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im.save(outfile)\n\n    def test_save_unsupported_mode(self, tmp_path):\n        im = hopper(\"HSV\")\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with pytest.raises(OSError):\n            im.save(outfile)\n\n    def test_8bit_s(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/8bit.s.tif\") as im:\n            im.load()\n            assert im.mode == \"L\"\n            assert im.getpixel((50, 50)) == 184\n\n    def test_little_endian(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.cropped.tif\") as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480\n            assert im.mode == \"I;16\"\n\n            b = im.tobytes()\n        # Bytes are in image native order (little endian)\n        assert b[0] == ord(b\"\\xe0\")\n        assert b[1] == ord(b\"\\x01\")\n\n    def test_big_endian(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.MM.cropped.tif\") as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480\n            assert im.mode == \"I;16B\"\n\n            b = im.tobytes()\n        # Bytes are in image native order (big endian)\n        assert b[0] == ord(b\"\\x01\")\n        assert b[1] == ord(b\"\\xe0\")\n\n    def test_16bit_r(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.r.tif\") as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480\n            assert im.mode == \"I;16\"\n\n            b = im.tobytes()\n        assert b[0] == ord(b\"\\xe0\")\n        assert b[1] == ord(b\"\\x01\")\n\n    def test_16bit_s(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.s.tif\") as im:\n            im.load()\n            assert im.mode == \"I\"\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 32767\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 1)) == 0\n\n    def test_12bit_rawmode(self):\n        \"\"\"Are we generating the same interpretation\n        of the image as Imagemagick is?\"\"\"\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/12bit.cropped.tif\") as im:\n            # to make the target --\n            # convert 12bit.cropped.tif -depth 16 tmp.tif\n            # convert tmp.tif -evaluate RightShift 4 12in16bit2.tif\n            # imagemagick will auto scale so that a 12bit FFF is 16bit FFF0,\n            # so we need to unshift so that the integer values are the same.\n\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/12in16bit.tif\")\n\n    def test_32bit_float(self):\n        # Issue 614, specific 32-bit float format\n        path = \"Tests/images/10ct_32bit_128.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(path) as im:\n            im.load()\n\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == -0.4526388943195343\n            assert im.getextrema() == (-3.140936851501465, 3.140684127807617)\n\n    def test_unknown_pixel_mode(self):\n        with pytest.raises(OSError):\n            with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_unknown_pixel_mode.tif\"):\n                pass\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\n        \"path, n_frames\",\n        (\n            (\"Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif\", 1),\n            (\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\", 3),\n        ),\n    )\n    def test_n_frames(self, path, n_frames):\n        with Image.open(path) as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == n_frames\n            assert im.is_animated == (n_frames != 1)\n\n    def test_eoferror(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif\") as im:\n            n_frames = im.n_frames\n\n            # Test seeking past the last frame\n            with pytest.raises(EOFError):\n                im.seek(n_frames)\n            assert im.tell() < n_frames\n\n            # Test that seeking to the last frame does not raise an error\n            im.seek(n_frames - 1)\n\n    def test_multipage(self):\n        # issue #862\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n            # file is a multipage tiff: 10x10 green, 10x10 red, 20x20 blue\n\n            im.seek(0)\n            assert im.size == (10, 10)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 128, 0)\n\n            im.seek(1)\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (10, 10)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (255, 0, 0)\n\n            im.seek(0)\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (10, 10)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 128, 0)\n\n            im.seek(2)\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (20, 20)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 255)\n\n    def test_multipage_last_frame(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif\") as im:\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (20, 20)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 255)\n\n    def test_frame_order(self):\n        # A frame can't progress to itself after reading\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage_single_frame_loop.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 1\n\n        # A frame can't progress to a frame that has already been read\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage_multiple_frame_loop.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 2\n\n        # Frames don't have to be in sequence\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage_out_of_order.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 3\n\n    def test___str__(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # Act\n            ret = str(im.ifd)\n\n            # Assert\n            assert isinstance(ret, str)\n\n    def test_dict(self):\n        # Arrange\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # v2 interface\n            v2_tags = {\n                256: 55,\n                257: 43,\n                258: (8, 8, 8, 8),\n                259: 1,\n                262: 2,\n                296: 2,\n                273: (8,),\n                338: (1,),\n                277: 4,\n                279: (9460,),\n                282: 72.0,\n                283: 72.0,\n                284: 1,\n            }\n            assert dict(im.tag_v2) == v2_tags\n\n            # legacy interface\n            legacy_tags = {\n                256: (55,),\n                257: (43,),\n                258: (8, 8, 8, 8),\n                259: (1,),\n                262: (2,),\n                296: (2,),\n                273: (8,),\n                338: (1,),\n                277: (4,),\n                279: (9460,),\n                282: ((720000, 10000),),\n                283: ((720000, 10000),),\n                284: (1,),\n            }\n            assert dict(im.tag) == legacy_tags\n\n    def test__delitem__(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            len_before = len(dict(im.ifd))\n            del im.ifd[256]\n            len_after = len(dict(im.ifd))\n            assert len_before == len_after + 1\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\"legacy_api\", (False, True))\n    def test_load_byte(self, legacy_api):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abc\"\n        ret = ifd.load_byte(data, legacy_api)\n        assert ret == b\"abc\"\n\n    def test_load_string(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abc\\0\"\n        ret = ifd.load_string(data, False)\n        assert ret == \"abc\"\n\n    def test_load_float(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abcdabcd\"\n        ret = ifd.load_float(data, False)\n        assert ret == (1.6777999408082104e22, 1.6777999408082104e22)\n\n    def test_load_double(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abcdefghabcdefgh\"\n        ret = ifd.load_double(data, False)\n        assert ret == (8.540883223036124e194, 8.540883223036124e194)\n\n    def test_ifd_tag_type(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/ifd_tag_type.tiff\") as im:\n            assert 0x8825 in im.tag_v2\n\n    def test_exif(self, tmp_path):\n        def check_exif(exif):\n            assert sorted(exif.keys()) == [\n                256,\n                257,\n                258,\n                259,\n                262,\n                271,\n                272,\n                273,\n                277,\n                278,\n                279,\n                282,\n                283,\n                284,\n                296,\n                297,\n                305,\n                339,\n                700,\n                34665,\n                34853,\n                50735,\n            ]\n            assert exif[256] == 640\n            assert exif[271] == \"FLIR\"\n\n            gps = exif.get_ifd(0x8825)\n            assert list(gps.keys()) == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 18]\n            assert gps[0] == b\"\\x03\\x02\\x00\\x00\"\n            assert gps[18] == \"WGS-84\"\n\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/ifd_tag_type.tiff\") as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            check_exif(exif)\n\n            im.save(outfile, exif=exif)\n\n        outfile2 = str(tmp_path / \"temp2.tif\")\n        with Image.open(outfile) as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            check_exif(exif)\n\n            im.save(outfile2, exif=exif.tobytes())\n\n        with Image.open(outfile2) as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            check_exif(exif)\n\n    def test_modify_exif(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/ifd_tag_type.tiff\") as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            exif[256] = 100\n\n            im.save(outfile, exif=exif)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            assert exif[256] == 100\n\n    def test_reload_exif_after_seek(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            del exif[256]\n            im.seek(1)\n\n            assert 256 in exif\n\n    def test_exif_frames(self):\n        # Test that EXIF data can change across frames\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/g4-multi.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.getexif()[273] == (328, 815)\n\n            im.seek(1)\n            assert im.getexif()[273] == (1408, 1907)\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\"mode\", (\"1\", \"L\"))\n    def test_photometric(self, mode, tmp_path):\n        filename = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im = hopper(mode)\n        im.save(filename, tiffinfo={262: 0})\n        with Image.open(filename) as reloaded:\n            assert reloaded.tag_v2[262] == 0\n            assert_image_equal(im, reloaded)\n\n    def test_seek(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            im.seek(0)\n            assert im.tell() == 0\n\n    def test_seek_eof(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            assert im.tell() == 0\n            with pytest.raises(EOFError):\n                im.seek(-1)\n            with pytest.raises(EOFError):\n                im.seek(1)\n\n    def test__limit_rational_int(self):\n        from PIL.TiffImagePlugin import _limit_rational\n\n        value = 34\n        ret = _limit_rational(value, 65536)\n        assert ret == (34, 1)\n\n    def test__limit_rational_float(self):\n        from PIL.TiffImagePlugin import _limit_rational\n\n        value = 22.3\n        ret = _limit_rational(value, 65536)\n        assert ret == (223, 10)\n\n    def test_4bit(self):\n        test_file = \"Tests/images/hopper_gray_4bpp.tif\"\n        original = hopper(\"L\")\n        with Image.open(test_file) as im:\n            assert im.size == (128, 128)\n            assert im.mode == \"L\"\n            assert_image_similar(im, original, 7.3)\n\n    def test_gray_semibyte_per_pixel(self):\n        test_files = (\n            (\n                24.8,  # epsilon\n                (  # group\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2I.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2R.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2IR.tif\",\n                ),\n            ),\n            (\n                7.3,  # epsilon\n                (  # group\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4I.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4R.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4IR.tif\",\n                ),\n            ),\n        )\n        original = hopper(\"L\")\n        for epsilon, group in test_files:\n            with Image.open(group[0]) as im:\n                assert im.size == (128, 128)\n                assert im.mode == \"L\"\n                assert_image_similar(im, original, epsilon)\n                for file in group[1:]:\n                    with Image.open(file) as im2:\n                        assert im2.size == (128, 128)\n                        assert im2.mode == \"L\"\n                        assert_image_equal(im, im2)\n\n    def test_with_underscores(self, tmp_path):\n        kwargs = {\"resolution_unit\": \"inch\", \"x_resolution\": 72, \"y_resolution\": 36}\n        filename = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        hopper(\"RGB\").save(filename, **kwargs)\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # legacy interface\n            assert im.tag[X_RESOLUTION][0][0] == 72\n            assert im.tag[Y_RESOLUTION][0][0] == 36\n\n            # v2 interface\n            assert im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION] == 72\n            assert im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION] == 36\n\n    def test_roundtrip_tiff_uint16(self, tmp_path):\n        # Test an image of all '0' values\n        pixel_value = 0x1234\n        infile = \"Tests/images/uint16_1_4660.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == pixel_value\n\n            tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(tmpfile)\n\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, tmpfile)\n\n    def test_rowsperstrip(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im = hopper()\n        im.save(outfile, tiffinfo={278: 256})\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as im:\n            assert im.tag_v2[278] == 256\n\n    def test_strip_raw(self):\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_strip_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_strip_planar_raw(self):\n        # gdal_translate -of GTiff -co INTERLEAVE=BAND \\\n        # tiff_strip_raw.tif tiff_strip_planar_raw.tiff\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_strip_planar_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_strip_planar_raw_with_overviews(self):\n        # gdaladdo tiff_strip_planar_raw2.tif 2 4 8 16\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_strip_planar_raw_with_overviews.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_tiled_planar_raw(self):\n        # gdal_translate -of GTiff -co TILED=YES -co BLOCKXSIZE=32 \\\n        # -co BLOCKYSIZE=32 -co INTERLEAVE=BAND \\\n        # tiff_tiled_raw.tif tiff_tiled_planar_raw.tiff\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_tiled_planar_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_planar_configuration_save(self, tmp_path):\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_tiled_planar_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert im._planar_configuration == 2\n\n            outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(outfile)\n\n            with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n                assert_image_equal_tofile(reloaded, infile)\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\"mode\", (\"P\", \"PA\"))\n    def test_palette(self, mode, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        im = hopper(mode)\n        im.save(outfile)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n            assert_image_equal(im.convert(\"RGB\"), reloaded.convert(\"RGB\"))\n\n    def test_tiff_save_all(self):\n        mp = BytesIO()\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n            im.save(mp, format=\"tiff\", save_all=True)\n\n        mp.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)\n        with Image.open(mp) as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 3\n\n        # Test appending images\n        mp = BytesIO()\n        im = Image.new(\"RGB\", (100, 100), \"#f00\")\n        ims = [Image.new(\"RGB\", (100, 100), color) for color in [\"#0f0\", \"#00f\"]]\n        im.copy().save(mp, format=\"TIFF\", save_all=True, append_images=ims)\n\n        mp.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)\n        with Image.open(mp) as reread:\n            assert reread.n_frames == 3\n\n        # Test appending using a generator\n        def im_generator(ims):\n            yield from ims\n\n        mp = BytesIO()\n        im.save(mp, format=\"TIFF\", save_all=True, append_images=im_generator(ims))\n\n        mp.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)\n        with Image.open(mp) as reread:\n            assert reread.n_frames == 3\n\n    def test_saving_icc_profile(self, tmp_path):\n        # Tests saving TIFF with icc_profile set.\n        # At the time of writing this will only work for non-compressed tiffs\n        # as libtiff does not support embedded ICC profiles,\n        # ImageFile._save(..) however does.\n        im = Image.new(\"RGB\", (1, 1))\n        im.info[\"icc_profile\"] = \"Dummy value\"\n\n        # Try save-load round trip to make sure both handle icc_profile.\n        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im.save(tmpfile, \"TIFF\", compression=\"raw\")\n        with Image.open(tmpfile) as reloaded:\n            assert b\"Dummy value\" == reloaded.info[\"icc_profile\"]\n\n    def test_save_icc_profile(self, tmp_path):\n        im = hopper()\n        assert \"icc_profile\" not in im.info\n\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        icc_profile = b\"Dummy value\"\n        im.save(outfile, icc_profile=icc_profile)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n            assert reloaded.info[\"icc_profile\"] == icc_profile\n\n    def test_save_bmp_compression(self, tmp_path):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.bmp\") as im:\n            assert im.info[\"compression\"] == 0\n\n            outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(outfile)\n\n    def test_discard_icc_profile(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/icc_profile.png\") as im:\n            assert \"icc_profile\" in im.info\n\n            im.save(outfile, icc_profile=None)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n            assert \"icc_profile\" not in reloaded.info\n\n    def test_getxmp(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/lab.tif\") as im:\n            if ElementTree is None:\n                with pytest.warns(\n                    UserWarning,\n                    match=\"XMP data cannot be read without defusedxml dependency\",\n                ):\n                    assert im.getxmp() == {}\n            else:\n                xmp = im.getxmp()\n\n                description = xmp[\"xmpmeta\"][\"RDF\"][\"Description\"]\n                assert description[0][\"format\"] == \"image/tiff\"\n                assert description[3][\"BitsPerSample\"][\"Seq\"][\"li\"] == [\"8\", \"8\", \"8\"]\n\n    def test_get_photoshop_blocks(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/lab.tif\") as im:\n            assert list(im.get_photoshop_blocks().keys()) == [\n                1061,\n                1002,\n                1005,\n                1062,\n                1037,\n                1049,\n                1011,\n                1034,\n                10000,\n                1013,\n                1016,\n                1032,\n                1054,\n                1050,\n                1064,\n                1041,\n                1044,\n                1036,\n                1057,\n                4000,\n                4001,\n            ]\n\n    def test_close_on_load_exclusive(self, tmp_path):\n        # similar to test_fd_leak, but runs on unixlike os\n        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/uint16_1_4660.tif\") as im:\n            im.save(tmpfile)\n\n        im = Image.open(tmpfile)\n        fp = im.fp\n        assert not fp.closed\n        im.load()\n        assert fp.closed\n\n    def test_close_on_load_nonexclusive(self, tmp_path):\n        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/uint16_1_4660.tif\") as im:\n            im.save(tmpfile)\n\n        with open(tmpfile, \"rb\") as f:\n            im = Image.open(f)\n            fp = im.fp\n            assert not fp.closed\n            im.load()\n            assert not fp.closed\n\n    # Ignore this UserWarning which triggers for four tags:\n    # \"Possibly corrupt EXIF data.  Expecting to read 50404352 bytes but...\"\n    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(\"ignore:Possibly corrupt EXIF data\")\n    # Ignore this UserWarning:\n    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(\"ignore:Truncated File Read\")\n    @pytest.mark.skipif(\n        not os.path.exists(\"Tests/images/string_dimension.tiff\"),\n        reason=\"Extra image files not installed\",\n    )\n    def test_string_dimension(self):\n        # Assert that an error is raised if one of the dimensions is a string\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/string_dimension.tiff\") as im:\n            with pytest.raises(OSError):\n                im.load()\n\n    @pytest.mark.timeout(6)\n    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(\"ignore:Truncated File Read\")\n    def test_timeout(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/timeout-6646305047838720\") as im:\n            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True\n            im.load()\n            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\n        \"test_file\",\n        [\n            \"Tests/images/oom-225817ca0f8c663be7ab4b9e717b02c661e66834.tif\",\n        ],\n    )\n    @pytest.mark.timeout(2)\n    def test_oom(self, test_file):\n        with pytest.raises(UnidentifiedImageError):\n            with pytest.warns(UserWarning):\n                with Image.open(test_file):\n                    pass",
                                "ast_type_str": "ClassDef",
                                "start_lineno": 27,
                                "end_lineno": 844,
                                "parent": null
                            }
                        }
                    ],
                    "deleted_entities": []
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "old_file_content": "from __future__ import annotations\nimport io\nimport struct\n\nimport pytest\n\nfrom PIL import Image, TiffImagePlugin, TiffTags\nfrom PIL.TiffImagePlugin import IFDRational\n\nfrom .helper import assert_deep_equal, hopper\n\nTAG_IDS = {info.name: info.value for info in TiffTags.TAGS_V2.values()}\n\n\ndef test_rt_metadata(tmp_path):\n    \"\"\"Test writing arbitrary metadata into the tiff image directory\n    Use case is ImageJ private tags, one numeric, one arbitrary\n    data.  https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/291\n    \"\"\"\n\n    img = hopper()\n\n    # Behaviour change: re #1416\n    # Pre ifd rewrite, ImageJMetaData was being written as a string(2),\n    # Post ifd rewrite, it's defined as arbitrary bytes(7). It should\n    # roundtrip with the actual bytes, rather than stripped text\n    # of the premerge tests.\n    #\n    # For text items, we still have to decode('ascii','replace') because\n    # the tiff file format can't take 8 bit bytes in that field.\n\n    base_text_data = \"This is some arbitrary metadata for a text field\"\n    bin_data = base_text_data.encode(\"ascii\") + b\" \\xff\"\n    text_data = base_text_data + \" \" + chr(255)\n    reloaded_text_data = base_text_data + \" ?\"\n    float_data = 12.345\n    double_data = 67.89\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory()\n\n    ImageJMetaData = TAG_IDS[\"ImageJMetaData\"]\n    ImageJMetaDataByteCounts = TAG_IDS[\"ImageJMetaDataByteCounts\"]\n    ImageDescription = TAG_IDS[\"ImageDescription\"]\n\n    info[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] = len(bin_data)\n    info[ImageJMetaData] = bin_data\n    info[TAG_IDS[\"RollAngle\"]] = float_data\n    info.tagtype[TAG_IDS[\"RollAngle\"]] = 11\n    info[TAG_IDS[\"YawAngle\"]] = double_data\n    info.tagtype[TAG_IDS[\"YawAngle\"]] = 12\n\n    info[ImageDescription] = text_data\n\n    f = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n    img.save(f, tiffinfo=info)\n\n    with Image.open(f) as loaded:\n        assert loaded.tag[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] == (len(bin_data),)\n        assert loaded.tag_v2[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] == (len(bin_data),)\n\n        assert loaded.tag[ImageJMetaData] == bin_data\n        assert loaded.tag_v2[ImageJMetaData] == bin_data\n\n        assert loaded.tag[ImageDescription] == (reloaded_text_data,)\n        assert loaded.tag_v2[ImageDescription] == reloaded_text_data\n\n        loaded_float = loaded.tag[TAG_IDS[\"RollAngle\"]][0]\n        assert round(abs(loaded_float - float_data), 5) == 0\n        loaded_double = loaded.tag[TAG_IDS[\"YawAngle\"]][0]\n        assert round(abs(loaded_double - double_data), 7) == 0\n\n    # check with 2 element ImageJMetaDataByteCounts, issue #2006\n\n    info[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] = (8, len(bin_data) - 8)\n    img.save(f, tiffinfo=info)\n    with Image.open(f) as loaded:\n        assert loaded.tag[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] == (8, len(bin_data) - 8)\n        assert loaded.tag_v2[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] == (8, len(bin_data) - 8)\n\n\ndef test_read_metadata():\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_g4.tif\") as img:\n        assert {\n            \"YResolution\": IFDRational(4294967295, 113653537),\n            \"PlanarConfiguration\": 1,\n            \"BitsPerSample\": (1,),\n            \"ImageLength\": 128,\n            \"Compression\": 4,\n            \"FillOrder\": 1,\n            \"RowsPerStrip\": 128,\n            \"ResolutionUnit\": 3,\n            \"PhotometricInterpretation\": 0,\n            \"PageNumber\": (0, 1),\n            \"XResolution\": IFDRational(4294967295, 113653537),\n            \"ImageWidth\": 128,\n            \"Orientation\": 1,\n            \"StripByteCounts\": (1968,),\n            \"SamplesPerPixel\": 1,\n            \"StripOffsets\": (8,),\n        } == img.tag_v2.named()\n\n        assert {\n            \"YResolution\": ((4294967295, 113653537),),\n            \"PlanarConfiguration\": (1,),\n            \"BitsPerSample\": (1,),\n            \"ImageLength\": (128,),\n            \"Compression\": (4,),\n            \"FillOrder\": (1,),\n            \"RowsPerStrip\": (128,),\n            \"ResolutionUnit\": (3,),\n            \"PhotometricInterpretation\": (0,),\n            \"PageNumber\": (0, 1),\n            \"XResolution\": ((4294967295, 113653537),),\n            \"ImageWidth\": (128,),\n            \"Orientation\": (1,),\n            \"StripByteCounts\": (1968,),\n            \"SamplesPerPixel\": (1,),\n            \"StripOffsets\": (8,),\n        } == img.tag.named()\n\n\ndef test_write_metadata(tmp_path):\n    \"\"\"Test metadata writing through the python code\"\"\"\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.tif\") as img:\n        f = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n        img.save(f, tiffinfo=img.tag)\n\n        original = img.tag_v2.named()\n\n    with Image.open(f) as loaded:\n        reloaded = loaded.tag_v2.named()\n\n    ignored = [\"StripByteCounts\", \"RowsPerStrip\", \"PageNumber\", \"StripOffsets\"]\n\n    for tag, value in reloaded.items():\n        if tag in ignored:\n            continue\n        if isinstance(original[tag], tuple) and isinstance(\n            original[tag][0], IFDRational\n        ):\n            # Need to compare element by element in the tuple,\n            # not comparing tuples of object references\n            assert_deep_equal(\n                original[tag],\n                value,\n                f\"{tag} didn't roundtrip, {original[tag]}, {value}\",\n            )\n        else:\n            assert (\n                original[tag] == value\n            ), f\"{tag} didn't roundtrip, {original[tag]}, {value}\"\n\n    for tag, value in original.items():\n        if tag not in ignored:\n            assert value == reloaded[tag], f\"{tag} didn't roundtrip\"\n\n\ndef test_change_stripbytecounts_tag_type(tmp_path):\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.tif\") as im:\n        info = im.tag_v2\n\n        # Resize the image so that STRIPBYTECOUNTS will be larger than a SHORT\n        im = im.resize((500, 500))\n\n        # STRIPBYTECOUNTS can be a SHORT or a LONG\n        info.tagtype[TiffImagePlugin.STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = TiffTags.SHORT\n\n        im.save(out, tiffinfo=info)\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert reloaded.tag_v2.tagtype[TiffImagePlugin.STRIPBYTECOUNTS] == TiffTags.LONG\n\n\ndef test_no_duplicate_50741_tag():\n    assert TAG_IDS[\"MakerNoteSafety\"] == 50741\n    assert TAG_IDS[\"BestQualityScale\"] == 50780\n\n\ndef test_iptc(tmp_path):\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.Lab.tif\") as im:\n        im.save(out)\n\n\n@pytest.mark.parametrize(\"value, expected\", ((b\"test\", \"test\"), (1, \"1\")))\ndef test_writing_other_types_to_ascii(value, expected, tmp_path):\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n\n    tag = TiffTags.TAGS_V2[271]\n    assert tag.type == TiffTags.ASCII\n\n    info[271] = value\n\n    im = hopper()\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info)\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert reloaded.tag_v2[271] == expected\n\n\n@pytest.mark.parametrize(\"value\", (1, IFDRational(1)))\ndef test_writing_other_types_to_bytes(value, tmp_path):\n    im = hopper()\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n\n    tag = TiffTags.TAGS_V2[700]\n    assert tag.type == TiffTags.BYTE\n\n    info[700] = value\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info)\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert reloaded.tag_v2[700] == b\"\\x01\"\n\n\ndef test_writing_other_types_to_undefined(tmp_path):\n    im = hopper()\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n\n    tag = TiffTags.TAGS_V2[33723]\n    assert tag.type == TiffTags.UNDEFINED\n\n    info[33723] = 1\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info)\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert reloaded.tag_v2[33723] == b\"1\"\n\n\ndef test_undefined_zero(tmp_path):\n    # Check that the tag has not been changed since this test was created\n    tag = TiffTags.TAGS_V2[45059]\n    assert tag.type == TiffTags.UNDEFINED\n    assert tag.length == 0\n\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory(b\"II*\\x00\\x08\\x00\\x00\\x00\")\n    info[45059] = b\"test\"\n\n    # Assert that the tag value does not change by setting it to itself\n    original = info[45059]\n    info[45059] = info[45059]\n    assert info[45059] == original\n\n\ndef test_empty_metadata():\n    f = io.BytesIO(b\"II*\\x00\\x08\\x00\\x00\\x00\")\n    head = f.read(8)\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory(head)\n    # Should not raise struct.error.\n    with pytest.warns(UserWarning):\n        info.load(f)\n\n\ndef test_iccprofile(tmp_path):\n    # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/1462\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.iccprofile.tif\") as im:\n        im.save(out)\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert not isinstance(im.info[\"icc_profile\"], tuple)\n        assert im.info[\"icc_profile\"] == reloaded.info[\"icc_profile\"]\n\n\ndef test_iccprofile_binary():\n    # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/1526\n    # We should be able to load this,\n    # but probably won't be able to save it.\n\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.iccprofile_binary.tif\") as im:\n        assert im.tag_v2.tagtype[34675] == 1\n        assert im.info[\"icc_profile\"]\n\n\ndef test_iccprofile_save_png(tmp_path):\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.iccprofile.tif\") as im:\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.png\")\n        im.save(outfile)\n\n\ndef test_iccprofile_binary_save_png(tmp_path):\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.iccprofile_binary.tif\") as im:\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.png\")\n        im.save(outfile)\n\n\ndef test_exif_div_zero(tmp_path):\n    im = hopper()\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n    info[41988] = TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(0, 0)\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression=\"raw\")\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert 0 == reloaded.tag_v2[41988].numerator\n        assert 0 == reloaded.tag_v2[41988].denominator\n\n\ndef test_ifd_unsigned_rational(tmp_path):\n    im = hopper()\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n\n    max_long = 2**32 - 1\n\n    # 4 bytes unsigned long\n    numerator = max_long\n\n    info[41493] = TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(numerator, 1)\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression=\"raw\")\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert max_long == reloaded.tag_v2[41493].numerator\n        assert 1 == reloaded.tag_v2[41493].denominator\n\n    # out of bounds of 4 byte unsigned long\n    numerator = max_long + 1\n\n    info[41493] = TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(numerator, 1)\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression=\"raw\")\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert max_long == reloaded.tag_v2[41493].numerator\n        assert 1 == reloaded.tag_v2[41493].denominator\n\n\ndef test_ifd_signed_rational(tmp_path):\n    im = hopper()\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n\n    # pair of 4 byte signed longs\n    numerator = 2**31 - 1\n    denominator = -(2**31)\n\n    info[37380] = TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(numerator, denominator)\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression=\"raw\")\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert numerator == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].numerator\n        assert denominator == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].denominator\n\n    numerator = -(2**31)\n    denominator = 2**31 - 1\n\n    info[37380] = TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(numerator, denominator)\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression=\"raw\")\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert numerator == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].numerator\n        assert denominator == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].denominator\n\n    # out of bounds of 4 byte signed long\n    numerator = -(2**31) - 1\n    denominator = 1\n\n    info[37380] = TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(numerator, denominator)\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression=\"raw\")\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert 2**31 - 1 == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].numerator\n        assert -1 == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].denominator\n\n\ndef test_ifd_signed_long(tmp_path):\n    im = hopper()\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n\n    info[37000] = -60000\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression=\"raw\")\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert reloaded.tag_v2[37000] == -60000\n\n\ndef test_empty_values():\n    data = io.BytesIO(\n        b\"II*\\x00\\x08\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x03\\x00\\x1a\\x01\\x05\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\"\n        b\"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x1b\\x01\\x05\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\"\n        b\"\\x98\\x82\\x02\\x00\\x07\\x00\\x00\\x002\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00a \"\n        b\"text\\x00\\x00\"\n    )\n    head = data.read(8)\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2(head)\n    info.load(data)\n    # Should not raise ValueError.\n    info = dict(info)\n    assert 33432 in info\n\n\ndef test_photoshop_info(tmp_path):\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/issue_2278.tif\") as im:\n        assert len(im.tag_v2[34377]) == 70\n        assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[34377], bytes)\n        out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n        im.save(out)\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert len(reloaded.tag_v2[34377]) == 70\n        assert isinstance(reloaded.tag_v2[34377], bytes)\n\n\ndef test_too_many_entries():\n    ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n\n    #    277: (\"SamplesPerPixel\", SHORT, 1),\n    ifd._tagdata[277] = struct.pack(\"<hh\", 4, 4)\n    ifd.tagtype[277] = TiffTags.SHORT\n\n    # Should not raise ValueError.\n    with pytest.warns(UserWarning):\n        assert ifd[277] == 4\n\n\ndef test_tag_group_data():\n    base_ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n    interop_ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2(group=40965)\n    for ifd in (base_ifd, interop_ifd):\n        ifd[2] = \"test\"\n        ifd[256] = 10\n\n    assert base_ifd.tagtype[256] == 4\n    assert interop_ifd.tagtype[256] != base_ifd.tagtype[256]\n\n    assert interop_ifd.tagtype[2] == 7\n    assert base_ifd.tagtype[2] != interop_ifd.tagtype[256]\n\n\ndef test_empty_subifd(tmp_path):\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.jpg\")\n\n    im = hopper()\n    exif = im.getexif()\n    exif[TiffImagePlugin.EXIFIFD] = {}\n    im.save(out, exif=exif)\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        exif = reloaded.getexif()\n        assert exif.get_ifd(TiffImagePlugin.EXIFIFD) == {}\n",
            "new_file_content": "from __future__ import annotations\nimport io\nimport struct\n\nimport pytest\n\nfrom PIL import Image, TiffImagePlugin, TiffTags\nfrom PIL.TiffImagePlugin import IFDRational\n\nfrom .helper import assert_deep_equal, hopper\n\nTAG_IDS = {info.name: info.value for info in TiffTags.TAGS_V2.values()}\n\n\ndef test_rt_metadata(tmp_path):\n    \"\"\"Test writing arbitrary metadata into the tiff image directory\n    Use case is ImageJ private tags, one numeric, one arbitrary\n    data.  https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/291\n    \"\"\"\n\n    img = hopper()\n\n    # Behaviour change: re #1416\n    # Pre ifd rewrite, ImageJMetaData was being written as a string(2),\n    # Post ifd rewrite, it's defined as arbitrary bytes(7). It should\n    # roundtrip with the actual bytes, rather than stripped text\n    # of the premerge tests.\n    #\n    # For text items, we still have to decode('ascii','replace') because\n    # the tiff file format can't take 8 bit bytes in that field.\n\n    base_text_data = \"This is some arbitrary metadata for a text field\"\n    bin_data = base_text_data.encode(\"ascii\") + b\" \\xff\"\n    text_data = base_text_data + \" \" + chr(255)\n    reloaded_text_data = base_text_data + \" ?\"\n    float_data = 12.345\n    double_data = 67.89\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory()\n\n    ImageJMetaData = TAG_IDS[\"ImageJMetaData\"]\n    ImageJMetaDataByteCounts = TAG_IDS[\"ImageJMetaDataByteCounts\"]\n    ImageDescription = TAG_IDS[\"ImageDescription\"]\n\n    info[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] = len(bin_data)\n    info[ImageJMetaData] = bin_data\n    info[TAG_IDS[\"RollAngle\"]] = float_data\n    info.tagtype[TAG_IDS[\"RollAngle\"]] = 11\n    info[TAG_IDS[\"YawAngle\"]] = double_data\n    info.tagtype[TAG_IDS[\"YawAngle\"]] = 12\n\n    info[ImageDescription] = text_data\n\n    f = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n    img.save(f, tiffinfo=info)\n\n    with Image.open(f) as loaded:\n        assert loaded.tag[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] == (len(bin_data),)\n        assert loaded.tag_v2[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] == (len(bin_data),)\n\n        assert loaded.tag[ImageJMetaData] == bin_data\n        assert loaded.tag_v2[ImageJMetaData] == bin_data\n\n        assert loaded.tag[ImageDescription] == (reloaded_text_data,)\n        assert loaded.tag_v2[ImageDescription] == reloaded_text_data\n\n        loaded_float = loaded.tag[TAG_IDS[\"RollAngle\"]][0]\n        assert round(abs(loaded_float - float_data), 5) == 0\n        loaded_double = loaded.tag[TAG_IDS[\"YawAngle\"]][0]\n        assert round(abs(loaded_double - double_data), 7) == 0\n\n    # check with 2 element ImageJMetaDataByteCounts, issue #2006\n\n    info[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] = (8, len(bin_data) - 8)\n    img.save(f, tiffinfo=info)\n    with Image.open(f) as loaded:\n        assert loaded.tag[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] == (8, len(bin_data) - 8)\n        assert loaded.tag_v2[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] == (8, len(bin_data) - 8)\n\n\ndef test_read_metadata():\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_g4.tif\") as img:\n        assert {\n            \"YResolution\": IFDRational(4294967295, 113653537),\n            \"PlanarConfiguration\": 1,\n            \"BitsPerSample\": (1,),\n            \"ImageLength\": 128,\n            \"Compression\": 4,\n            \"FillOrder\": 1,\n            \"RowsPerStrip\": 128,\n            \"ResolutionUnit\": 3,\n            \"PhotometricInterpretation\": 0,\n            \"PageNumber\": (0, 1),\n            \"XResolution\": IFDRational(4294967295, 113653537),\n            \"ImageWidth\": 128,\n            \"Orientation\": 1,\n            \"StripByteCounts\": (1968,),\n            \"SamplesPerPixel\": 1,\n            \"StripOffsets\": (8,),\n        } == img.tag_v2.named()\n\n        assert {\n            \"YResolution\": ((4294967295, 113653537),),\n            \"PlanarConfiguration\": (1,),\n            \"BitsPerSample\": (1,),\n            \"ImageLength\": (128,),\n            \"Compression\": (4,),\n            \"FillOrder\": (1,),\n            \"RowsPerStrip\": (128,),\n            \"ResolutionUnit\": (3,),\n            \"PhotometricInterpretation\": (0,),\n            \"PageNumber\": (0, 1),\n            \"XResolution\": ((4294967295, 113653537),),\n            \"ImageWidth\": (128,),\n            \"Orientation\": (1,),\n            \"StripByteCounts\": (1968,),\n            \"SamplesPerPixel\": (1,),\n            \"StripOffsets\": (8,),\n        } == img.tag.named()\n\n\ndef test_write_metadata(tmp_path):\n    \"\"\"Test metadata writing through the python code\"\"\"\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.tif\") as img:\n        f = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n        del img.tag[278]\n        img.save(f, tiffinfo=img.tag)\n\n        original = img.tag_v2.named()\n\n    with Image.open(f) as loaded:\n        reloaded = loaded.tag_v2.named()\n\n    ignored = [\"StripByteCounts\", \"RowsPerStrip\", \"PageNumber\", \"StripOffsets\"]\n\n    for tag, value in reloaded.items():\n        if tag in ignored:\n            continue\n        if isinstance(original[tag], tuple) and isinstance(\n            original[tag][0], IFDRational\n        ):\n            # Need to compare element by element in the tuple,\n            # not comparing tuples of object references\n            assert_deep_equal(\n                original[tag],\n                value,\n                f\"{tag} didn't roundtrip, {original[tag]}, {value}\",\n            )\n        else:\n            assert (\n                original[tag] == value\n            ), f\"{tag} didn't roundtrip, {original[tag]}, {value}\"\n\n    for tag, value in original.items():\n        if tag not in ignored:\n            assert value == reloaded[tag], f\"{tag} didn't roundtrip\"\n\n\ndef test_change_stripbytecounts_tag_type(tmp_path):\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.tif\") as im:\n        info = im.tag_v2\n        del info[278]\n\n        # Resize the image so that STRIPBYTECOUNTS will be larger than a SHORT\n        im = im.resize((500, 500))\n\n        # STRIPBYTECOUNTS can be a SHORT or a LONG\n        info.tagtype[TiffImagePlugin.STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = TiffTags.SHORT\n\n        im.save(out, tiffinfo=info)\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert reloaded.tag_v2.tagtype[TiffImagePlugin.STRIPBYTECOUNTS] == TiffTags.LONG\n\n\ndef test_no_duplicate_50741_tag():\n    assert TAG_IDS[\"MakerNoteSafety\"] == 50741\n    assert TAG_IDS[\"BestQualityScale\"] == 50780\n\n\ndef test_iptc(tmp_path):\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.Lab.tif\") as im:\n        im.save(out)\n\n\n@pytest.mark.parametrize(\"value, expected\", ((b\"test\", \"test\"), (1, \"1\")))\ndef test_writing_other_types_to_ascii(value, expected, tmp_path):\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n\n    tag = TiffTags.TAGS_V2[271]\n    assert tag.type == TiffTags.ASCII\n\n    info[271] = value\n\n    im = hopper()\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info)\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert reloaded.tag_v2[271] == expected\n\n\n@pytest.mark.parametrize(\"value\", (1, IFDRational(1)))\ndef test_writing_other_types_to_bytes(value, tmp_path):\n    im = hopper()\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n\n    tag = TiffTags.TAGS_V2[700]\n    assert tag.type == TiffTags.BYTE\n\n    info[700] = value\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info)\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert reloaded.tag_v2[700] == b\"\\x01\"\n\n\ndef test_writing_other_types_to_undefined(tmp_path):\n    im = hopper()\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n\n    tag = TiffTags.TAGS_V2[33723]\n    assert tag.type == TiffTags.UNDEFINED\n\n    info[33723] = 1\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info)\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert reloaded.tag_v2[33723] == b\"1\"\n\n\ndef test_undefined_zero(tmp_path):\n    # Check that the tag has not been changed since this test was created\n    tag = TiffTags.TAGS_V2[45059]\n    assert tag.type == TiffTags.UNDEFINED\n    assert tag.length == 0\n\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory(b\"II*\\x00\\x08\\x00\\x00\\x00\")\n    info[45059] = b\"test\"\n\n    # Assert that the tag value does not change by setting it to itself\n    original = info[45059]\n    info[45059] = info[45059]\n    assert info[45059] == original\n\n\ndef test_empty_metadata():\n    f = io.BytesIO(b\"II*\\x00\\x08\\x00\\x00\\x00\")\n    head = f.read(8)\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory(head)\n    # Should not raise struct.error.\n    with pytest.warns(UserWarning):\n        info.load(f)\n\n\ndef test_iccprofile(tmp_path):\n    # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/1462\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.iccprofile.tif\") as im:\n        im.save(out)\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert not isinstance(im.info[\"icc_profile\"], tuple)\n        assert im.info[\"icc_profile\"] == reloaded.info[\"icc_profile\"]\n\n\ndef test_iccprofile_binary():\n    # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/1526\n    # We should be able to load this,\n    # but probably won't be able to save it.\n\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.iccprofile_binary.tif\") as im:\n        assert im.tag_v2.tagtype[34675] == 1\n        assert im.info[\"icc_profile\"]\n\n\ndef test_iccprofile_save_png(tmp_path):\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.iccprofile.tif\") as im:\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.png\")\n        im.save(outfile)\n\n\ndef test_iccprofile_binary_save_png(tmp_path):\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.iccprofile_binary.tif\") as im:\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.png\")\n        im.save(outfile)\n\n\ndef test_exif_div_zero(tmp_path):\n    im = hopper()\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n    info[41988] = TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(0, 0)\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression=\"raw\")\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert 0 == reloaded.tag_v2[41988].numerator\n        assert 0 == reloaded.tag_v2[41988].denominator\n\n\ndef test_ifd_unsigned_rational(tmp_path):\n    im = hopper()\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n\n    max_long = 2**32 - 1\n\n    # 4 bytes unsigned long\n    numerator = max_long\n\n    info[41493] = TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(numerator, 1)\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression=\"raw\")\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert max_long == reloaded.tag_v2[41493].numerator\n        assert 1 == reloaded.tag_v2[41493].denominator\n\n    # out of bounds of 4 byte unsigned long\n    numerator = max_long + 1\n\n    info[41493] = TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(numerator, 1)\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression=\"raw\")\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert max_long == reloaded.tag_v2[41493].numerator\n        assert 1 == reloaded.tag_v2[41493].denominator\n\n\ndef test_ifd_signed_rational(tmp_path):\n    im = hopper()\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n\n    # pair of 4 byte signed longs\n    numerator = 2**31 - 1\n    denominator = -(2**31)\n\n    info[37380] = TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(numerator, denominator)\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression=\"raw\")\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert numerator == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].numerator\n        assert denominator == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].denominator\n\n    numerator = -(2**31)\n    denominator = 2**31 - 1\n\n    info[37380] = TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(numerator, denominator)\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression=\"raw\")\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert numerator == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].numerator\n        assert denominator == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].denominator\n\n    # out of bounds of 4 byte signed long\n    numerator = -(2**31) - 1\n    denominator = 1\n\n    info[37380] = TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(numerator, denominator)\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression=\"raw\")\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert 2**31 - 1 == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].numerator\n        assert -1 == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].denominator\n\n\ndef test_ifd_signed_long(tmp_path):\n    im = hopper()\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n\n    info[37000] = -60000\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression=\"raw\")\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert reloaded.tag_v2[37000] == -60000\n\n\ndef test_empty_values():\n    data = io.BytesIO(\n        b\"II*\\x00\\x08\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x03\\x00\\x1a\\x01\\x05\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\"\n        b\"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x1b\\x01\\x05\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\"\n        b\"\\x98\\x82\\x02\\x00\\x07\\x00\\x00\\x002\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00a \"\n        b\"text\\x00\\x00\"\n    )\n    head = data.read(8)\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2(head)\n    info.load(data)\n    # Should not raise ValueError.\n    info = dict(info)\n    assert 33432 in info\n\n\ndef test_photoshop_info(tmp_path):\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/issue_2278.tif\") as im:\n        assert len(im.tag_v2[34377]) == 70\n        assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[34377], bytes)\n        out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n        im.save(out)\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert len(reloaded.tag_v2[34377]) == 70\n        assert isinstance(reloaded.tag_v2[34377], bytes)\n\n\ndef test_too_many_entries():\n    ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n\n    #    277: (\"SamplesPerPixel\", SHORT, 1),\n    ifd._tagdata[277] = struct.pack(\"<hh\", 4, 4)\n    ifd.tagtype[277] = TiffTags.SHORT\n\n    # Should not raise ValueError.\n    with pytest.warns(UserWarning):\n        assert ifd[277] == 4\n\n\ndef test_tag_group_data():\n    base_ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n    interop_ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2(group=40965)\n    for ifd in (base_ifd, interop_ifd):\n        ifd[2] = \"test\"\n        ifd[256] = 10\n\n    assert base_ifd.tagtype[256] == 4\n    assert interop_ifd.tagtype[256] != base_ifd.tagtype[256]\n\n    assert interop_ifd.tagtype[2] == 7\n    assert base_ifd.tagtype[2] != interop_ifd.tagtype[256]\n\n\ndef test_empty_subifd(tmp_path):\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.jpg\")\n\n    im = hopper()\n    exif = im.getexif()\n    exif[TiffImagePlugin.EXIFIFD] = {}\n    im.save(out, exif=exif)\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        exif = reloaded.getexif()\n        assert exif.get_ifd(TiffImagePlugin.EXIFIFD) == {}\n",
            "header": {
                "file": {
                    "path": "Tests/test_file_tiff_metadata.py"
                },
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            "index_line": {
                "old_commit_hash": "edd57e6b5",
                "new_commit_hash": "1a814d97e",
                "mode": "100644"
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            "minus_file": {
                "path": "a/Tests/test_file_tiff_metadata.py"
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                    "descriptor": {
                        "old_range": {
                            "start": 123,
                            "length": 6
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                            "start": 123,
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                        "section": "def test_write_metadata(tmp_path):"
                    },
                    "line_group": {
                        "all_lines": [
                            {
                                "content": "    \"\"\"Test metadata writing through the python code\"\"\"",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.tif\") as img:",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        f = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        del img.tag[278]",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        img.save(f, tiffinfo=img.tag)",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        original = img.tag_v2.named()",
                                "type": "context"
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    "modified_entities": [
                        {
                            "file_name": "Tests/test_file_tiff_metadata.py",
                            "type": "function",
                            "name": "test_write_metadata",
                            "content": "def test_write_metadata(tmp_path):\n    \"\"\"Test metadata writing through the python code\"\"\"\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.tif\") as img:\n        f = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n        del img.tag[278]\n        img.save(f, tiffinfo=img.tag)\n\n        original = img.tag_v2.named()\n\n    with Image.open(f) as loaded:\n        reloaded = loaded.tag_v2.named()\n\n    ignored = [\"StripByteCounts\", \"RowsPerStrip\", \"PageNumber\", \"StripOffsets\"]\n\n    for tag, value in reloaded.items():\n        if tag in ignored:\n            continue\n        if isinstance(original[tag], tuple) and isinstance(\n            original[tag][0], IFDRational\n        ):\n            # Need to compare element by element in the tuple,\n            # not comparing tuples of object references\n            assert_deep_equal(\n                original[tag],\n                value,\n                f\"{tag} didn't roundtrip, {original[tag]}, {value}\",\n            )\n        else:\n            assert (\n                original[tag] == value\n            ), f\"{tag} didn't roundtrip, {original[tag]}, {value}\"\n\n    for tag, value in original.items():\n        if tag not in ignored:\n            assert value == reloaded[tag], f\"{tag} didn't roundtrip\"",
                            "ast_type_str": "FunctionDef",
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                        "section": "def test_change_stripbytecounts_tag_type(tmp_path):"
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                            {
                                "content": "    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")",
                                "type": "context"
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                            {
                                "content": "    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.tif\") as im:",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        info = im.tag_v2",
                                "type": "context"
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                            {
                                "content": "        del info[278]",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        # Resize the image so that STRIPBYTECOUNTS will be larger than a SHORT",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        im = im.resize((500, 500))",
                                "type": "context"
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                        {
                            "file_name": "Tests/test_file_tiff_metadata.py",
                            "type": "function",
                            "name": "test_change_stripbytecounts_tag_type",
                            "content": "def test_change_stripbytecounts_tag_type(tmp_path):\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.tif\") as im:\n        info = im.tag_v2\n        del info[278]\n\n        # Resize the image so that STRIPBYTECOUNTS will be larger than a SHORT\n        im = im.resize((500, 500))\n\n        # STRIPBYTECOUNTS can be a SHORT or a LONG\n        info.tagtype[TiffImagePlugin.STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = TiffTags.SHORT\n\n        im.save(out, tiffinfo=info)\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert reloaded.tag_v2.tagtype[TiffImagePlugin.STRIPBYTECOUNTS] == TiffTags.LONG",
                            "ast_type_str": "FunctionDef",
                            "start_lineno": 159,
                            "end_lineno": 174,
                            "parent": null
                        }
                    ],
                    "added_entities": [],
                    "deleted_entities": []
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "old_file_content": "#\n# The Python Imaging Library.\n# $Id$\n#\n# TIFF file handling\n#\n# TIFF is a flexible, if somewhat aged, image file format originally\n# defined by Aldus.  Although TIFF supports a wide variety of pixel\n# layouts and compression methods, the name doesn't really stand for\n# \"thousands of incompatible file formats,\" it just feels that way.\n#\n# To read TIFF data from a stream, the stream must be seekable.  For\n# progressive decoding, make sure to use TIFF files where the tag\n# directory is placed first in the file.\n#\n# History:\n# 1995-09-01 fl   Created\n# 1996-05-04 fl   Handle JPEGTABLES tag\n# 1996-05-18 fl   Fixed COLORMAP support\n# 1997-01-05 fl   Fixed PREDICTOR support\n# 1997-08-27 fl   Added support for rational tags (from Perry Stoll)\n# 1998-01-10 fl   Fixed seek/tell (from Jan Blom)\n# 1998-07-15 fl   Use private names for internal variables\n# 1999-06-13 fl   Rewritten for PIL 1.0 (1.0)\n# 2000-10-11 fl   Additional fixes for Python 2.0 (1.1)\n# 2001-04-17 fl   Fixed rewind support (seek to frame 0) (1.2)\n# 2001-05-12 fl   Added write support for more tags (from Greg Couch) (1.3)\n# 2001-12-18 fl   Added workaround for broken Matrox library\n# 2002-01-18 fl   Don't mess up if photometric tag is missing (D. Alan Stewart)\n# 2003-05-19 fl   Check FILLORDER tag\n# 2003-09-26 fl   Added RGBa support\n# 2004-02-24 fl   Added DPI support; fixed rational write support\n# 2005-02-07 fl   Added workaround for broken Corel Draw 10 files\n# 2006-01-09 fl   Added support for float/double tags (from Russell Nelson)\n#\n# Copyright (c) 1997-2006 by Secret Labs AB.  All rights reserved.\n# Copyright (c) 1995-1997 by Fredrik Lundh\n#\n# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.\n#\nfrom __future__ import annotations\n\nimport io\nimport itertools\nimport logging\nimport math\nimport os\nimport struct\nimport warnings\nfrom collections.abc import MutableMapping\nfrom fractions import Fraction\nfrom numbers import Number, Rational\n\nfrom . import ExifTags, Image, ImageFile, ImageOps, ImagePalette, TiffTags\nfrom ._binary import i16be as i16\nfrom ._binary import i32be as i32\nfrom ._binary import o8\nfrom .TiffTags import TYPES\n\nlogger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n\n# Set these to true to force use of libtiff for reading or writing.\nREAD_LIBTIFF = False\nWRITE_LIBTIFF = False\nIFD_LEGACY_API = True\nSTRIP_SIZE = 65536\n\nII = b\"II\"  # little-endian (Intel style)\nMM = b\"MM\"  # big-endian (Motorola style)\n\n#\n# --------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Read TIFF files\n\n# a few tag names, just to make the code below a bit more readable\nIMAGEWIDTH = 256\nIMAGELENGTH = 257\nBITSPERSAMPLE = 258\nCOMPRESSION = 259\nPHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION = 262\nFILLORDER = 266\nIMAGEDESCRIPTION = 270\nSTRIPOFFSETS = 273\nSAMPLESPERPIXEL = 277\nROWSPERSTRIP = 278\nSTRIPBYTECOUNTS = 279\nX_RESOLUTION = 282\nY_RESOLUTION = 283\nPLANAR_CONFIGURATION = 284\nRESOLUTION_UNIT = 296\nTRANSFERFUNCTION = 301\nSOFTWARE = 305\nDATE_TIME = 306\nARTIST = 315\nPREDICTOR = 317\nCOLORMAP = 320\nTILEWIDTH = 322\nTILELENGTH = 323\nTILEOFFSETS = 324\nTILEBYTECOUNTS = 325\nSUBIFD = 330\nEXTRASAMPLES = 338\nSAMPLEFORMAT = 339\nJPEGTABLES = 347\nYCBCRSUBSAMPLING = 530\nREFERENCEBLACKWHITE = 532\nCOPYRIGHT = 33432\nIPTC_NAA_CHUNK = 33723  # newsphoto properties\nPHOTOSHOP_CHUNK = 34377  # photoshop properties\nICCPROFILE = 34675\nEXIFIFD = 34665\nXMP = 700\nJPEGQUALITY = 65537  # pseudo-tag by libtiff\n\n# https://github.com/imagej/ImageJA/blob/master/src/main/java/ij/io/TiffDecoder.java\nIMAGEJ_META_DATA_BYTE_COUNTS = 50838\nIMAGEJ_META_DATA = 50839\n\nCOMPRESSION_INFO = {\n    # Compression => pil compression name\n    1: \"raw\",\n    2: \"tiff_ccitt\",\n    3: \"group3\",\n    4: \"group4\",\n    5: \"tiff_lzw\",\n    6: \"tiff_jpeg\",  # obsolete\n    7: \"jpeg\",\n    8: \"tiff_adobe_deflate\",\n    32771: \"tiff_raw_16\",  # 16-bit padding\n    32773: \"packbits\",\n    32809: \"tiff_thunderscan\",\n    32946: \"tiff_deflate\",\n    34676: \"tiff_sgilog\",\n    34677: \"tiff_sgilog24\",\n    34925: \"lzma\",\n    50000: \"zstd\",\n    50001: \"webp\",\n}\n\nCOMPRESSION_INFO_REV = {v: k for k, v in COMPRESSION_INFO.items()}\n\nOPEN_INFO = {\n    # (ByteOrder, PhotoInterpretation, SampleFormat, FillOrder, BitsPerSample,\n    #  ExtraSamples) => mode, rawmode\n    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1;I\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1;I\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1;IR\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1;IR\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1;R\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1;R\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2I\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2I\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2IR\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2IR\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2R\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2R\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4I\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4I\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4IR\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4IR\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4R\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4R\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;I\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;I\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;IR\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;IR\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L\"),\n    (II, 1, (2,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L\"),\n    (MM, 1, (2,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;R\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;R\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (12,), ()): (\"I;16\", \"I;12\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (16,), ()): (\"I;16\", \"I;16\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (16,), ()): (\"I;16\", \"I;16\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (16,), ()): (\"I;16B\", \"I;16B\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (16,), ()): (\"I;16\", \"I;16R\"),\n    (II, 1, (2,), 1, (16,), ()): (\"I\", \"I;16S\"),\n    (MM, 1, (2,), 1, (16,), ()): (\"I\", \"I;16BS\"),\n    (II, 0, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): (\"F\", \"F;32F\"),\n    (MM, 0, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): (\"F\", \"F;32BF\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (32,), ()): (\"I\", \"I;32N\"),\n    (II, 1, (2,), 1, (32,), ()): (\"I\", \"I;32S\"),\n    (MM, 1, (2,), 1, (32,), ()): (\"I\", \"I;32BS\"),\n    (II, 1, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): (\"F\", \"F;32F\"),\n    (MM, 1, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): (\"F\", \"F;32BF\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): (\"LA\", \"LA\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): (\"LA\", \"LA\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGB\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGB\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 2, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGB;R\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 2, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGB;R\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA\"),  # missing ExtraSamples\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA\"),  # missing ExtraSamples\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBX\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBX\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBXX\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBXX\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0, 0)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBXXX\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0, 0)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBXXX\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (1,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBa\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (1,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBa\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBaX\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBaX\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBaXX\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBaXX\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (2,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (2,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBAX\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBAX\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBAXX\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBAXX\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (999,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA\"),  # Corel Draw 10\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (999,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA\"),  # Corel Draw 10\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGB;16L\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGB;16B\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), ()): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA;16L\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), ()): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA;16B\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (0,)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBX;16L\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (0,)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBX;16B\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (1,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBa;16L\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (1,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBa;16B\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (2,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA;16L\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (2,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA;16B\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;1\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;1\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;1R\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;1R\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;2\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;2\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;2R\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;2R\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;4\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;4\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;4R\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;4R\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"P\", \"P\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"P\", \"P\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): (\"PA\", \"PA\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): (\"PA\", \"PA\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;R\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;R\"),\n    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): (\"CMYK\", \"CMYK\"),\n    (MM, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): (\"CMYK\", \"CMYK\"),\n    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): (\"CMYK\", \"CMYKX\"),\n    (MM, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): (\"CMYK\", \"CMYKX\"),\n    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): (\"CMYK\", \"CMYKXX\"),\n    (MM, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): (\"CMYK\", \"CMYKXX\"),\n    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), ()): (\"CMYK\", \"CMYK;16L\"),\n    (II, 6, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L\"),\n    (MM, 6, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L\"),\n    # JPEG compressed images handled by LibTiff and auto-converted to RGBX\n    # Minimal Baseline TIFF requires YCbCr images to have 3 SamplesPerPixel\n    (II, 6, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGBX\"),\n    (MM, 6, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGBX\"),\n    (II, 8, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"LAB\", \"LAB\"),\n    (MM, 8, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"LAB\", \"LAB\"),\n}\n\nMAX_SAMPLESPERPIXEL = max(len(key_tp[4]) for key_tp in OPEN_INFO)\n\nPREFIXES = [\n    b\"MM\\x00\\x2A\",  # Valid TIFF header with big-endian byte order\n    b\"II\\x2A\\x00\",  # Valid TIFF header with little-endian byte order\n    b\"MM\\x2A\\x00\",  # Invalid TIFF header, assume big-endian\n    b\"II\\x00\\x2A\",  # Invalid TIFF header, assume little-endian\n    b\"MM\\x00\\x2B\",  # BigTIFF with big-endian byte order\n    b\"II\\x2B\\x00\",  # BigTIFF with little-endian byte order\n]\n\n\ndef _accept(prefix):\n    return prefix[:4] in PREFIXES\n\n\ndef _limit_rational(val, max_val):\n    inv = abs(val) > 1\n    n_d = IFDRational(1 / val if inv else val).limit_rational(max_val)\n    return n_d[::-1] if inv else n_d\n\n\ndef _limit_signed_rational(val, max_val, min_val):\n    frac = Fraction(val)\n    n_d = frac.numerator, frac.denominator\n\n    if min(n_d) < min_val:\n        n_d = _limit_rational(val, abs(min_val))\n\n    if max(n_d) > max_val:\n        val = Fraction(*n_d)\n        n_d = _limit_rational(val, max_val)\n\n    return n_d\n\n\n##\n# Wrapper for TIFF IFDs.\n\n_load_dispatch = {}\n_write_dispatch = {}\n\n\nclass IFDRational(Rational):\n    \"\"\"Implements a rational class where 0/0 is a legal value to match\n    the in the wild use of exif rationals.\n\n    e.g., DigitalZoomRatio - 0.00/0.00  indicates that no digital zoom was used\n    \"\"\"\n\n    \"\"\" If the denominator is 0, store this as a float('nan'), otherwise store\n    as a fractions.Fraction(). Delegate as appropriate\n\n    \"\"\"\n\n    __slots__ = (\"_numerator\", \"_denominator\", \"_val\")\n\n    def __init__(self, value, denominator=1):\n        \"\"\"\n        :param value: either an integer numerator, a\n        float/rational/other number, or an IFDRational\n        :param denominator: Optional integer denominator\n        \"\"\"\n        if isinstance(value, IFDRational):\n            self._numerator = value.numerator\n            self._denominator = value.denominator\n            self._val = value._val\n            return\n\n        if isinstance(value, Fraction):\n            self._numerator = value.numerator\n            self._denominator = value.denominator\n        else:\n            self._numerator = value\n            self._denominator = denominator\n\n        if denominator == 0:\n            self._val = float(\"nan\")\n        elif denominator == 1:\n            self._val = Fraction(value)\n        else:\n            self._val = Fraction(value, denominator)\n\n    @property\n    def numerator(self):\n        return self._numerator\n\n    @property\n    def denominator(self):\n        return self._denominator\n\n    def limit_rational(self, max_denominator):\n        \"\"\"\n\n        :param max_denominator: Integer, the maximum denominator value\n        :returns: Tuple of (numerator, denominator)\n        \"\"\"\n\n        if self.denominator == 0:\n            return self.numerator, self.denominator\n\n        f = self._val.limit_denominator(max_denominator)\n        return f.numerator, f.denominator\n\n    def __repr__(self):\n        return str(float(self._val))\n\n    def __hash__(self):\n        return self._val.__hash__()\n\n    def __eq__(self, other):\n        val = self._val\n        if isinstance(other, IFDRational):\n            other = other._val\n        if isinstance(other, float):\n            val = float(val)\n        return val == other\n\n    def __getstate__(self):\n        return [self._val, self._numerator, self._denominator]\n\n    def __setstate__(self, state):\n        IFDRational.__init__(self, 0)\n        _val, _numerator, _denominator = state\n        self._val = _val\n        self._numerator = _numerator\n        self._denominator = _denominator\n\n    def _delegate(op):\n        def delegate(self, *args):\n            return getattr(self._val, op)(*args)\n\n        return delegate\n\n    \"\"\" a = ['add','radd', 'sub', 'rsub', 'mul', 'rmul',\n             'truediv', 'rtruediv', 'floordiv', 'rfloordiv',\n             'mod','rmod', 'pow','rpow', 'pos', 'neg',\n             'abs', 'trunc', 'lt', 'gt', 'le', 'ge', 'bool',\n             'ceil', 'floor', 'round']\n        print(\"\\n\".join(\"__%s__ = _delegate('__%s__')\" % (s,s) for s in a))\n        \"\"\"\n\n    __add__ = _delegate(\"__add__\")\n    __radd__ = _delegate(\"__radd__\")\n    __sub__ = _delegate(\"__sub__\")\n    __rsub__ = _delegate(\"__rsub__\")\n    __mul__ = _delegate(\"__mul__\")\n    __rmul__ = _delegate(\"__rmul__\")\n    __truediv__ = _delegate(\"__truediv__\")\n    __rtruediv__ = _delegate(\"__rtruediv__\")\n    __floordiv__ = _delegate(\"__floordiv__\")\n    __rfloordiv__ = _delegate(\"__rfloordiv__\")\n    __mod__ = _delegate(\"__mod__\")\n    __rmod__ = _delegate(\"__rmod__\")\n    __pow__ = _delegate(\"__pow__\")\n    __rpow__ = _delegate(\"__rpow__\")\n    __pos__ = _delegate(\"__pos__\")\n    __neg__ = _delegate(\"__neg__\")\n    __abs__ = _delegate(\"__abs__\")\n    __trunc__ = _delegate(\"__trunc__\")\n    __lt__ = _delegate(\"__lt__\")\n    __gt__ = _delegate(\"__gt__\")\n    __le__ = _delegate(\"__le__\")\n    __ge__ = _delegate(\"__ge__\")\n    __bool__ = _delegate(\"__bool__\")\n    __ceil__ = _delegate(\"__ceil__\")\n    __floor__ = _delegate(\"__floor__\")\n    __round__ = _delegate(\"__round__\")\n    # Python >= 3.11\n    if hasattr(Fraction, \"__int__\"):\n        __int__ = _delegate(\"__int__\")\n\n\nclass ImageFileDirectory_v2(MutableMapping):\n    \"\"\"This class represents a TIFF tag directory.  To speed things up, we\n    don't decode tags unless they're asked for.\n\n    Exposes a dictionary interface of the tags in the directory::\n\n        ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        ifd[key] = 'Some Data'\n        ifd.tagtype[key] = TiffTags.ASCII\n        print(ifd[key])\n        'Some Data'\n\n    Individual values are returned as the strings or numbers, sequences are\n    returned as tuples of the values.\n\n    The tiff metadata type of each item is stored in a dictionary of\n    tag types in\n    :attr:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2.tagtype`. The types\n    are read from a tiff file, guessed from the type added, or added\n    manually.\n\n    Data Structures:\n\n        * ``self.tagtype = {}``\n\n          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number\n          * Value: integer corresponding to the data type from\n            :py:data:`.TiffTags.TYPES`\n\n          .. versionadded:: 3.0.0\n\n    'Internal' data structures:\n\n        * ``self._tags_v2 = {}``\n\n          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number\n          * Value: decoded data, as tuple for multiple values\n\n        * ``self._tagdata = {}``\n\n          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number\n          * Value: undecoded byte string from file\n\n        * ``self._tags_v1 = {}``\n\n          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number\n          * Value: decoded data in the v1 format\n\n    Tags will be found in the private attributes ``self._tagdata``, and in\n    ``self._tags_v2`` once decoded.\n\n    ``self.legacy_api`` is a value for internal use, and shouldn't be changed\n    from outside code. In cooperation with\n    :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`, if ``legacy_api``\n    is true, then decoded tags will be populated into both ``_tags_v1`` and\n    ``_tags_v2``. ``_tags_v2`` will be used if this IFD is used in the TIFF\n    save routine. Tags should be read from ``_tags_v1`` if\n    ``legacy_api == true``.\n\n    \"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, ifh=b\"II\\052\\0\\0\\0\\0\\0\", prefix=None, group=None):\n        \"\"\"Initialize an ImageFileDirectory.\n\n        To construct an ImageFileDirectory from a real file, pass the 8-byte\n        magic header to the constructor.  To only set the endianness, pass it\n        as the 'prefix' keyword argument.\n\n        :param ifh: One of the accepted magic headers (cf. PREFIXES); also sets\n              endianness.\n        :param prefix: Override the endianness of the file.\n        \"\"\"\n        if not _accept(ifh):\n            msg = f\"not a TIFF file (header {repr(ifh)} not valid)\"\n            raise SyntaxError(msg)\n        self._prefix = prefix if prefix is not None else ifh[:2]\n        if self._prefix == MM:\n            self._endian = \">\"\n        elif self._prefix == II:\n            self._endian = \"<\"\n        else:\n            msg = \"not a TIFF IFD\"\n            raise SyntaxError(msg)\n        self._bigtiff = ifh[2] == 43\n        self.group = group\n        self.tagtype = {}\n        \"\"\" Dictionary of tag types \"\"\"\n        self.reset()\n        (self.next,) = (\n            self._unpack(\"Q\", ifh[8:]) if self._bigtiff else self._unpack(\"L\", ifh[4:])\n        )\n        self._legacy_api = False\n\n    prefix = property(lambda self: self._prefix)\n    offset = property(lambda self: self._offset)\n    legacy_api = property(lambda self: self._legacy_api)\n\n    @legacy_api.setter\n    def legacy_api(self, value):\n        msg = \"Not allowing setting of legacy api\"\n        raise Exception(msg)\n\n    def reset(self):\n        self._tags_v1 = {}  # will remain empty if legacy_api is false\n        self._tags_v2 = {}  # main tag storage\n        self._tagdata = {}\n        self.tagtype = {}  # added 2008-06-05 by Florian Hoech\n        self._next = None\n        self._offset = None\n\n    def __str__(self):\n        return str(dict(self))\n\n    def named(self):\n        \"\"\"\n        :returns: dict of name|key: value\n\n        Returns the complete tag dictionary, with named tags where possible.\n        \"\"\"\n        return {\n            TiffTags.lookup(code, self.group).name: value\n            for code, value in self.items()\n        }\n\n    def __len__(self):\n        return len(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v2))\n\n    def __getitem__(self, tag):\n        if tag not in self._tags_v2:  # unpack on the fly\n            data = self._tagdata[tag]\n            typ = self.tagtype[tag]\n            size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]\n            self[tag] = handler(self, data, self.legacy_api)  # check type\n        val = self._tags_v2[tag]\n        if self.legacy_api and not isinstance(val, (tuple, bytes)):\n            val = (val,)\n        return val\n\n    def __contains__(self, tag):\n        return tag in self._tags_v2 or tag in self._tagdata\n\n    def __setitem__(self, tag, value):\n        self._setitem(tag, value, self.legacy_api)\n\n    def _setitem(self, tag, value, legacy_api):\n        basetypes = (Number, bytes, str)\n\n        info = TiffTags.lookup(tag, self.group)\n        values = [value] if isinstance(value, basetypes) else value\n\n        if tag not in self.tagtype:\n            if info.type:\n                self.tagtype[tag] = info.type\n            else:\n                self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.UNDEFINED\n                if all(isinstance(v, IFDRational) for v in values):\n                    self.tagtype[tag] = (\n                        TiffTags.RATIONAL\n                        if all(v >= 0 for v in values)\n                        else TiffTags.SIGNED_RATIONAL\n                    )\n                elif all(isinstance(v, int) for v in values):\n                    if all(0 <= v < 2**16 for v in values):\n                        self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.SHORT\n                    elif all(-(2**15) < v < 2**15 for v in values):\n                        self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.SIGNED_SHORT\n                    else:\n                        self.tagtype[tag] = (\n                            TiffTags.LONG\n                            if all(v >= 0 for v in values)\n                            else TiffTags.SIGNED_LONG\n                        )\n                elif all(isinstance(v, float) for v in values):\n                    self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.DOUBLE\n                elif all(isinstance(v, str) for v in values):\n                    self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.ASCII\n                elif all(isinstance(v, bytes) for v in values):\n                    self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.BYTE\n\n        if self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.UNDEFINED:\n            values = [\n                v.encode(\"ascii\", \"replace\") if isinstance(v, str) else v\n                for v in values\n            ]\n        elif self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.RATIONAL:\n            values = [float(v) if isinstance(v, int) else v for v in values]\n\n        is_ifd = self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.LONG and isinstance(values, dict)\n        if not is_ifd:\n            values = tuple(info.cvt_enum(value) for value in values)\n\n        dest = self._tags_v1 if legacy_api else self._tags_v2\n\n        # Three branches:\n        # Spec'd length == 1, Actual length 1, store as element\n        # Spec'd length == 1, Actual > 1, Warn and truncate. Formerly barfed.\n        # No Spec, Actual length 1, Formerly (<4.2) returned a 1 element tuple.\n        # Don't mess with the legacy api, since it's frozen.\n        if not is_ifd and (\n            (info.length == 1)\n            or self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.BYTE\n            or (info.length is None and len(values) == 1 and not legacy_api)\n        ):\n            # Don't mess with the legacy api, since it's frozen.\n            if legacy_api and self.tagtype[tag] in [\n                TiffTags.RATIONAL,\n                TiffTags.SIGNED_RATIONAL,\n            ]:  # rationals\n                values = (values,)\n            try:\n                (dest[tag],) = values\n            except ValueError:\n                # We've got a builtin tag with 1 expected entry\n                warnings.warn(\n                    f\"Metadata Warning, tag {tag} had too many entries: \"\n                    f\"{len(values)}, expected 1\"\n                )\n                dest[tag] = values[0]\n\n        else:\n            # Spec'd length > 1 or undefined\n            # Unspec'd, and length > 1\n            dest[tag] = values\n\n    def __delitem__(self, tag):\n        self._tags_v2.pop(tag, None)\n        self._tags_v1.pop(tag, None)\n        self._tagdata.pop(tag, None)\n\n    def __iter__(self):\n        return iter(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v2))\n\n    def _unpack(self, fmt, data):\n        return struct.unpack(self._endian + fmt, data)\n\n    def _pack(self, fmt, *values):\n        return struct.pack(self._endian + fmt, *values)\n\n    def _register_loader(idx, size):\n        def decorator(func):\n            from .TiffTags import TYPES\n\n            if func.__name__.startswith(\"load_\"):\n                TYPES[idx] = func.__name__[5:].replace(\"_\", \" \")\n            _load_dispatch[idx] = size, func  # noqa: F821\n            return func\n\n        return decorator\n\n    def _register_writer(idx):\n        def decorator(func):\n            _write_dispatch[idx] = func  # noqa: F821\n            return func\n\n        return decorator\n\n    def _register_basic(idx_fmt_name):\n        from .TiffTags import TYPES\n\n        idx, fmt, name = idx_fmt_name\n        TYPES[idx] = name\n        size = struct.calcsize(\"=\" + fmt)\n        _load_dispatch[idx] = (  # noqa: F821\n            size,\n            lambda self, data, legacy_api=True: (\n                self._unpack(f\"{len(data) // size}{fmt}\", data)\n            ),\n        )\n        _write_dispatch[idx] = lambda self, *values: (  # noqa: F821\n            b\"\".join(self._pack(fmt, value) for value in values)\n        )\n\n    list(\n        map(\n            _register_basic,\n            [\n                (TiffTags.SHORT, \"H\", \"short\"),\n                (TiffTags.LONG, \"L\", \"long\"),\n                (TiffTags.SIGNED_BYTE, \"b\", \"signed byte\"),\n                (TiffTags.SIGNED_SHORT, \"h\", \"signed short\"),\n                (TiffTags.SIGNED_LONG, \"l\", \"signed long\"),\n                (TiffTags.FLOAT, \"f\", \"float\"),\n                (TiffTags.DOUBLE, \"d\", \"double\"),\n                (TiffTags.IFD, \"L\", \"long\"),\n                (TiffTags.LONG8, \"Q\", \"long8\"),\n            ],\n        )\n    )\n\n    @_register_loader(1, 1)  # Basic type, except for the legacy API.\n    def load_byte(self, data, legacy_api=True):\n        return data\n\n    @_register_writer(1)  # Basic type, except for the legacy API.\n    def write_byte(self, data):\n        if isinstance(data, IFDRational):\n            data = int(data)\n        if isinstance(data, int):\n            data = bytes((data,))\n        return data\n\n    @_register_loader(2, 1)\n    def load_string(self, data, legacy_api=True):\n        if data.endswith(b\"\\0\"):\n            data = data[:-1]\n        return data.decode(\"latin-1\", \"replace\")\n\n    @_register_writer(2)\n    def write_string(self, value):\n        # remerge of https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pull/1416\n        if isinstance(value, int):\n            value = str(value)\n        if not isinstance(value, bytes):\n            value = value.encode(\"ascii\", \"replace\")\n        return value + b\"\\0\"\n\n    @_register_loader(5, 8)\n    def load_rational(self, data, legacy_api=True):\n        vals = self._unpack(f\"{len(data) // 4}L\", data)\n\n        def combine(a, b):\n            return (a, b) if legacy_api else IFDRational(a, b)\n\n        return tuple(combine(num, denom) for num, denom in zip(vals[::2], vals[1::2]))\n\n    @_register_writer(5)\n    def write_rational(self, *values):\n        return b\"\".join(\n            self._pack(\"2L\", *_limit_rational(frac, 2**32 - 1)) for frac in values\n        )\n\n    @_register_loader(7, 1)\n    def load_undefined(self, data, legacy_api=True):\n        return data\n\n    @_register_writer(7)\n    def write_undefined(self, value):\n        if isinstance(value, int):\n            value = str(value).encode(\"ascii\", \"replace\")\n        return value\n\n    @_register_loader(10, 8)\n    def load_signed_rational(self, data, legacy_api=True):\n        vals = self._unpack(f\"{len(data) // 4}l\", data)\n\n        def combine(a, b):\n            return (a, b) if legacy_api else IFDRational(a, b)\n\n        return tuple(combine(num, denom) for num, denom in zip(vals[::2], vals[1::2]))\n\n    @_register_writer(10)\n    def write_signed_rational(self, *values):\n        return b\"\".join(\n            self._pack(\"2l\", *_limit_signed_rational(frac, 2**31 - 1, -(2**31)))\n            for frac in values\n        )\n\n    def _ensure_read(self, fp, size):\n        ret = fp.read(size)\n        if len(ret) != size:\n            msg = (\n                \"Corrupt EXIF data.  \"\n                f\"Expecting to read {size} bytes but only got {len(ret)}. \"\n            )\n            raise OSError(msg)\n        return ret\n\n    def load(self, fp):\n        self.reset()\n        self._offset = fp.tell()\n\n        try:\n            tag_count = (\n                self._unpack(\"Q\", self._ensure_read(fp, 8))\n                if self._bigtiff\n                else self._unpack(\"H\", self._ensure_read(fp, 2))\n            )[0]\n            for i in range(tag_count):\n                tag, typ, count, data = (\n                    self._unpack(\"HHQ8s\", self._ensure_read(fp, 20))\n                    if self._bigtiff\n                    else self._unpack(\"HHL4s\", self._ensure_read(fp, 12))\n                )\n\n                tagname = TiffTags.lookup(tag, self.group).name\n                typname = TYPES.get(typ, \"unknown\")\n                msg = f\"tag: {tagname} ({tag}) - type: {typname} ({typ})\"\n\n                try:\n                    unit_size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]\n                except KeyError:\n                    logger.debug(\"%s - unsupported type %s\", msg, typ)\n                    continue  # ignore unsupported type\n                size = count * unit_size\n                if size > (8 if self._bigtiff else 4):\n                    here = fp.tell()\n                    (offset,) = self._unpack(\"Q\" if self._bigtiff else \"L\", data)\n                    msg += f\" Tag Location: {here} - Data Location: {offset}\"\n                    fp.seek(offset)\n                    data = ImageFile._safe_read(fp, size)\n                    fp.seek(here)\n                else:\n                    data = data[:size]\n\n                if len(data) != size:\n                    warnings.warn(\n                        \"Possibly corrupt EXIF data.  \"\n                        f\"Expecting to read {size} bytes but only got {len(data)}.\"\n                        f\" Skipping tag {tag}\"\n                    )\n                    logger.debug(msg)\n                    continue\n\n                if not data:\n                    logger.debug(msg)\n                    continue\n\n                self._tagdata[tag] = data\n                self.tagtype[tag] = typ\n\n                msg += \" - value: \" + (\n                    \"<table: %d bytes>\" % size if size > 32 else repr(data)\n                )\n                logger.debug(msg)\n\n            (self.next,) = (\n                self._unpack(\"Q\", self._ensure_read(fp, 8))\n                if self._bigtiff\n                else self._unpack(\"L\", self._ensure_read(fp, 4))\n            )\n        except OSError as msg:\n            warnings.warn(str(msg))\n            return\n\n    def tobytes(self, offset=0):\n        # FIXME What about tagdata?\n        result = self._pack(\"H\", len(self._tags_v2))\n\n        entries = []\n        offset = offset + len(result) + len(self._tags_v2) * 12 + 4\n        stripoffsets = None\n\n        # pass 1: convert tags to binary format\n        # always write tags in ascending order\n        for tag, value in sorted(self._tags_v2.items()):\n            if tag == STRIPOFFSETS:\n                stripoffsets = len(entries)\n            typ = self.tagtype.get(tag)\n            logger.debug(\"Tag %s, Type: %s, Value: %s\", tag, typ, repr(value))\n            is_ifd = typ == TiffTags.LONG and isinstance(value, dict)\n            if is_ifd:\n                if self._endian == \"<\":\n                    ifh = b\"II\\x2A\\x00\\x08\\x00\\x00\\x00\"\n                else:\n                    ifh = b\"MM\\x00\\x2A\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x08\"\n                ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(ifh, group=tag)\n                values = self._tags_v2[tag]\n                for ifd_tag, ifd_value in values.items():\n                    ifd[ifd_tag] = ifd_value\n                data = ifd.tobytes(offset)\n            else:\n                values = value if isinstance(value, tuple) else (value,)\n                data = self._write_dispatch[typ](self, *values)\n\n            tagname = TiffTags.lookup(tag, self.group).name\n            typname = \"ifd\" if is_ifd else TYPES.get(typ, \"unknown\")\n            msg = f\"save: {tagname} ({tag}) - type: {typname} ({typ})\"\n            msg += \" - value: \" + (\n                \"<table: %d bytes>\" % len(data) if len(data) >= 16 else str(values)\n            )\n            logger.debug(msg)\n\n            # count is sum of lengths for string and arbitrary data\n            if is_ifd:\n                count = 1\n            elif typ in [TiffTags.BYTE, TiffTags.ASCII, TiffTags.UNDEFINED]:\n                count = len(data)\n            else:\n                count = len(values)\n            # figure out if data fits into the entry\n            if len(data) <= 4:\n                entries.append((tag, typ, count, data.ljust(4, b\"\\0\"), b\"\"))\n            else:\n                entries.append((tag, typ, count, self._pack(\"L\", offset), data))\n                offset += (len(data) + 1) // 2 * 2  # pad to word\n\n        # update strip offset data to point beyond auxiliary data\n        if stripoffsets is not None:\n            tag, typ, count, value, data = entries[stripoffsets]\n            if data:\n                msg = \"multistrip support not yet implemented\"\n                raise NotImplementedError(msg)\n            value = self._pack(\"L\", self._unpack(\"L\", value)[0] + offset)\n            entries[stripoffsets] = tag, typ, count, value, data\n\n        # pass 2: write entries to file\n        for tag, typ, count, value, data in entries:\n            logger.debug(\"%s %s %s %s %s\", tag, typ, count, repr(value), repr(data))\n            result += self._pack(\"HHL4s\", tag, typ, count, value)\n\n        # -- overwrite here for multi-page --\n        result += b\"\\0\\0\\0\\0\"  # end of entries\n\n        # pass 3: write auxiliary data to file\n        for tag, typ, count, value, data in entries:\n            result += data\n            if len(data) & 1:\n                result += b\"\\0\"\n\n        return result\n\n    def save(self, fp):\n        if fp.tell() == 0:  # skip TIFF header on subsequent pages\n            # tiff header -- PIL always starts the first IFD at offset 8\n            fp.write(self._prefix + self._pack(\"HL\", 42, 8))\n\n        offset = fp.tell()\n        result = self.tobytes(offset)\n        fp.write(result)\n        return offset + len(result)\n\n\nImageFileDirectory_v2._load_dispatch = _load_dispatch\nImageFileDirectory_v2._write_dispatch = _write_dispatch\nfor idx, name in TYPES.items():\n    name = name.replace(\" \", \"_\")\n    setattr(ImageFileDirectory_v2, \"load_\" + name, _load_dispatch[idx][1])\n    setattr(ImageFileDirectory_v2, \"write_\" + name, _write_dispatch[idx])\ndel _load_dispatch, _write_dispatch, idx, name\n\n\n# Legacy ImageFileDirectory support.\nclass ImageFileDirectory_v1(ImageFileDirectory_v2):\n    \"\"\"This class represents the **legacy** interface to a TIFF tag directory.\n\n    Exposes a dictionary interface of the tags in the directory::\n\n        ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v1()\n        ifd[key] = 'Some Data'\n        ifd.tagtype[key] = TiffTags.ASCII\n        print(ifd[key])\n        ('Some Data',)\n\n    Also contains a dictionary of tag types as read from the tiff image file,\n    :attr:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1.tagtype`.\n\n    Values are returned as a tuple.\n\n    ..  deprecated:: 3.0.0\n    \"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):\n        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)\n        self._legacy_api = True\n\n    tags = property(lambda self: self._tags_v1)\n    tagdata = property(lambda self: self._tagdata)\n\n    # defined in ImageFileDirectory_v2\n    tagtype: dict\n    \"\"\"Dictionary of tag types\"\"\"\n\n    @classmethod\n    def from_v2(cls, original):\n        \"\"\"Returns an\n        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`\n        instance with the same data as is contained in the original\n        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2`\n        instance.\n\n        :returns: :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`\n\n        \"\"\"\n\n        ifd = cls(prefix=original.prefix)\n        ifd._tagdata = original._tagdata\n        ifd.tagtype = original.tagtype\n        ifd.next = original.next  # an indicator for multipage tiffs\n        return ifd\n\n    def to_v2(self):\n        \"\"\"Returns an\n        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2`\n        instance with the same data as is contained in the original\n        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`\n        instance.\n\n        :returns: :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2`\n\n        \"\"\"\n\n        ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(prefix=self.prefix)\n        ifd._tagdata = dict(self._tagdata)\n        ifd.tagtype = dict(self.tagtype)\n        ifd._tags_v2 = dict(self._tags_v2)\n        return ifd\n\n    def __contains__(self, tag):\n        return tag in self._tags_v1 or tag in self._tagdata\n\n    def __len__(self):\n        return len(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v1))\n\n    def __iter__(self):\n        return iter(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v1))\n\n    def __setitem__(self, tag, value):\n        for legacy_api in (False, True):\n            self._setitem(tag, value, legacy_api)\n\n    def __getitem__(self, tag):\n        if tag not in self._tags_v1:  # unpack on the fly\n            data = self._tagdata[tag]\n            typ = self.tagtype[tag]\n            size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]\n            for legacy in (False, True):\n                self._setitem(tag, handler(self, data, legacy), legacy)\n        val = self._tags_v1[tag]\n        if not isinstance(val, (tuple, bytes)):\n            val = (val,)\n        return val\n\n\n# undone -- switch this pointer when IFD_LEGACY_API == False\nImageFileDirectory = ImageFileDirectory_v1\n\n\n##\n# Image plugin for TIFF files.\n\n\nclass TiffImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):\n    format = \"TIFF\"\n    format_description = \"Adobe TIFF\"\n    _close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = False\n\n    def __init__(self, fp=None, filename=None):\n        self.tag_v2 = None\n        \"\"\" Image file directory (tag dictionary) \"\"\"\n\n        self.tag = None\n        \"\"\" Legacy tag entries \"\"\"\n\n        super().__init__(fp, filename)\n\n    def _open(self):\n        \"\"\"Open the first image in a TIFF file\"\"\"\n\n        # Header\n        ifh = self.fp.read(8)\n        if ifh[2] == 43:\n            ifh += self.fp.read(8)\n\n        self.tag_v2 = ImageFileDirectory_v2(ifh)\n\n        # legacy IFD entries will be filled in later\n        self.ifd = None\n\n        # setup frame pointers\n        self.__first = self.__next = self.tag_v2.next\n        self.__frame = -1\n        self._fp = self.fp\n        self._frame_pos = []\n        self._n_frames = None\n\n        logger.debug(\"*** TiffImageFile._open ***\")\n        logger.debug(\"- __first: %s\", self.__first)\n        logger.debug(\"- ifh: %s\", repr(ifh))  # Use repr to avoid str(bytes)\n\n        # and load the first frame\n        self._seek(0)\n\n    @property\n    def n_frames(self):\n        if self._n_frames is None:\n            current = self.tell()\n            self._seek(len(self._frame_pos))\n            while self._n_frames is None:\n                self._seek(self.tell() + 1)\n            self.seek(current)\n        return self._n_frames\n\n    def seek(self, frame):\n        \"\"\"Select a given frame as current image\"\"\"\n        if not self._seek_check(frame):\n            return\n        self._seek(frame)\n        # Create a new core image object on second and\n        # subsequent frames in the image. Image may be\n        # different size/mode.\n        Image._decompression_bomb_check(self.size)\n        self.im = Image.core.new(self.mode, self.size)\n\n    def _seek(self, frame):\n        self.fp = self._fp\n\n        # reset buffered io handle in case fp\n        # was passed to libtiff, invalidating the buffer\n        self.fp.tell()\n\n        while len(self._frame_pos) <= frame:\n            if not self.__next:\n                msg = \"no more images in TIFF file\"\n                raise EOFError(msg)\n            logger.debug(\n                \"Seeking to frame %s, on frame %s, __next %s, location: %s\",\n                frame,\n                self.__frame,\n                self.__next,\n                self.fp.tell(),\n            )\n            self.fp.seek(self.__next)\n            self._frame_pos.append(self.__next)\n            logger.debug(\"Loading tags, location: %s\", self.fp.tell())\n            self.tag_v2.load(self.fp)\n            if self.tag_v2.next in self._frame_pos:\n                # This IFD has already been processed\n                # Declare this to be the end of the image\n                self.__next = 0\n            else:\n                self.__next = self.tag_v2.next\n            if self.__next == 0:\n                self._n_frames = frame + 1\n            if len(self._frame_pos) == 1:\n                self.is_animated = self.__next != 0\n            self.__frame += 1\n        self.fp.seek(self._frame_pos[frame])\n        self.tag_v2.load(self.fp)\n        self._reload_exif()\n        # fill the legacy tag/ifd entries\n        self.tag = self.ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v1.from_v2(self.tag_v2)\n        self.__frame = frame\n        self._setup()\n\n    def tell(self):\n        \"\"\"Return the current frame number\"\"\"\n        return self.__frame\n\n    def getxmp(self):\n        \"\"\"\n        Returns a dictionary containing the XMP tags.\n        Requires defusedxml to be installed.\n\n        :returns: XMP tags in a dictionary.\n        \"\"\"\n        return self._getxmp(self.tag_v2[XMP]) if XMP in self.tag_v2 else {}\n\n    def get_photoshop_blocks(self):\n        \"\"\"\n        Returns a dictionary of Photoshop \"Image Resource Blocks\".\n        The keys are the image resource ID. For more information, see\n        https://www.adobe.com/devnet-apps/photoshop/fileformatashtml/#50577409_pgfId-1037727\n\n        :returns: Photoshop \"Image Resource Blocks\" in a dictionary.\n        \"\"\"\n        blocks = {}\n        val = self.tag_v2.get(ExifTags.Base.ImageResources)\n        if val:\n            while val[:4] == b\"8BIM\":\n                id = i16(val[4:6])\n                n = math.ceil((val[6] + 1) / 2) * 2\n                size = i32(val[6 + n : 10 + n])\n                data = val[10 + n : 10 + n + size]\n                blocks[id] = {\"data\": data}\n\n                val = val[math.ceil((10 + n + size) / 2) * 2 :]\n        return blocks\n\n    def load(self):\n        if self.tile and self.use_load_libtiff:\n            return self._load_libtiff()\n        return super().load()\n\n    def load_end(self):\n        # allow closing if we're on the first frame, there's no next\n        # This is the ImageFile.load path only, libtiff specific below.\n        if not self.is_animated:\n            self._close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = True\n\n            # reset buffered io handle in case fp\n            # was passed to libtiff, invalidating the buffer\n            self.fp.tell()\n\n            # load IFD data from fp before it is closed\n            exif = self.getexif()\n            for key in TiffTags.TAGS_V2_GROUPS:\n                if key not in exif:\n                    continue\n                exif.get_ifd(key)\n\n        ImageOps.exif_transpose(self, in_place=True)\n        if ExifTags.Base.Orientation in self.tag_v2:\n            del self.tag_v2[ExifTags.Base.Orientation]\n\n    def _load_libtiff(self):\n        \"\"\"Overload method triggered when we detect a compressed tiff\n        Calls out to libtiff\"\"\"\n\n        Image.Image.load(self)\n\n        self.load_prepare()\n\n        if not len(self.tile) == 1:\n            msg = \"Not exactly one tile\"\n            raise OSError(msg)\n\n        # (self._compression, (extents tuple),\n        #   0, (rawmode, self._compression, fp))\n        extents = self.tile[0][1]\n        args = list(self.tile[0][3])\n\n        # To be nice on memory footprint, if there's a\n        # file descriptor, use that instead of reading\n        # into a string in python.\n        try:\n            fp = hasattr(self.fp, \"fileno\") and self.fp.fileno()\n            # flush the file descriptor, prevents error on pypy 2.4+\n            # should also eliminate the need for fp.tell\n            # in _seek\n            if hasattr(self.fp, \"flush\"):\n                self.fp.flush()\n        except OSError:\n            # io.BytesIO have a fileno, but returns an OSError if\n            # it doesn't use a file descriptor.\n            fp = False\n\n        if fp:\n            args[2] = fp\n\n        decoder = Image._getdecoder(\n            self.mode, \"libtiff\", tuple(args), self.decoderconfig\n        )\n        try:\n            decoder.setimage(self.im, extents)\n        except ValueError as e:\n            msg = \"Couldn't set the image\"\n            raise OSError(msg) from e\n\n        close_self_fp = self._exclusive_fp and not self.is_animated\n        if hasattr(self.fp, \"getvalue\"):\n            # We've got a stringio like thing passed in. Yay for all in memory.\n            # The decoder needs the entire file in one shot, so there's not\n            # a lot we can do here other than give it the entire file.\n            # unless we could do something like get the address of the\n            # underlying string for stringio.\n            #\n            # Rearranging for supporting byteio items, since they have a fileno\n            # that returns an OSError if there's no underlying fp. Easier to\n            # deal with here by reordering.\n            logger.debug(\"have getvalue. just sending in a string from getvalue\")\n            n, err = decoder.decode(self.fp.getvalue())\n        elif fp:\n            # we've got a actual file on disk, pass in the fp.\n            logger.debug(\"have fileno, calling fileno version of the decoder.\")\n            if not close_self_fp:\n                self.fp.seek(0)\n            # 4 bytes, otherwise the trace might error out\n            n, err = decoder.decode(b\"fpfp\")\n        else:\n            # we have something else.\n            logger.debug(\"don't have fileno or getvalue. just reading\")\n            self.fp.seek(0)\n            # UNDONE -- so much for that buffer size thing.\n            n, err = decoder.decode(self.fp.read())\n\n        self.tile = []\n        self.readonly = 0\n\n        self.load_end()\n\n        if close_self_fp:\n            self.fp.close()\n            self.fp = None  # might be shared\n\n        if err < 0:\n            raise OSError(err)\n\n        return Image.Image.load(self)\n\n    def _setup(self):\n        \"\"\"Setup this image object based on current tags\"\"\"\n\n        if 0xBC01 in self.tag_v2:\n            msg = \"Windows Media Photo files not yet supported\"\n            raise OSError(msg)\n\n        # extract relevant tags\n        self._compression = COMPRESSION_INFO[self.tag_v2.get(COMPRESSION, 1)]\n        self._planar_configuration = self.tag_v2.get(PLANAR_CONFIGURATION, 1)\n\n        # photometric is a required tag, but not everyone is reading\n        # the specification\n        photo = self.tag_v2.get(PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION, 0)\n\n        # old style jpeg compression images most certainly are YCbCr\n        if self._compression == \"tiff_jpeg\":\n            photo = 6\n\n        fillorder = self.tag_v2.get(FILLORDER, 1)\n\n        logger.debug(\"*** Summary ***\")\n        logger.debug(\"- compression: %s\", self._compression)\n        logger.debug(\"- photometric_interpretation: %s\", photo)\n        logger.debug(\"- planar_configuration: %s\", self._planar_configuration)\n        logger.debug(\"- fill_order: %s\", fillorder)\n        logger.debug(\"- YCbCr subsampling: %s\", self.tag.get(YCBCRSUBSAMPLING))\n\n        # size\n        xsize = int(self.tag_v2.get(IMAGEWIDTH))\n        ysize = int(self.tag_v2.get(IMAGELENGTH))\n        self._size = xsize, ysize\n\n        logger.debug(\"- size: %s\", self.size)\n\n        sample_format = self.tag_v2.get(SAMPLEFORMAT, (1,))\n        if len(sample_format) > 1 and max(sample_format) == min(sample_format) == 1:\n            # SAMPLEFORMAT is properly per band, so an RGB image will\n            # be (1,1,1).  But, we don't support per band pixel types,\n            # and anything more than one band is a uint8. So, just\n            # take the first element. Revisit this if adding support\n            # for more exotic images.\n            sample_format = (1,)\n\n        bps_tuple = self.tag_v2.get(BITSPERSAMPLE, (1,))\n        extra_tuple = self.tag_v2.get(EXTRASAMPLES, ())\n        if photo in (2, 6, 8):  # RGB, YCbCr, LAB\n            bps_count = 3\n        elif photo == 5:  # CMYK\n            bps_count = 4\n        else:\n            bps_count = 1\n        bps_count += len(extra_tuple)\n        bps_actual_count = len(bps_tuple)\n        samples_per_pixel = self.tag_v2.get(\n            SAMPLESPERPIXEL,\n            3 if self._compression == \"tiff_jpeg\" and photo in (2, 6) else 1,\n        )\n\n        if samples_per_pixel > MAX_SAMPLESPERPIXEL:\n            # DOS check, samples_per_pixel can be a Long, and we extend the tuple below\n            logger.error(\n                \"More samples per pixel than can be decoded: %s\", samples_per_pixel\n            )\n            msg = \"Invalid value for samples per pixel\"\n            raise SyntaxError(msg)\n\n        if samples_per_pixel < bps_actual_count:\n            # If a file has more values in bps_tuple than expected,\n            # remove the excess.\n            bps_tuple = bps_tuple[:samples_per_pixel]\n        elif samples_per_pixel > bps_actual_count and bps_actual_count == 1:\n            # If a file has only one value in bps_tuple, when it should have more,\n            # presume it is the same number of bits for all of the samples.\n            bps_tuple = bps_tuple * samples_per_pixel\n\n        if len(bps_tuple) != samples_per_pixel:\n            msg = \"unknown data organization\"\n            raise SyntaxError(msg)\n\n        # mode: check photometric interpretation and bits per pixel\n        key = (\n            self.tag_v2.prefix,\n            photo,\n            sample_format,\n            fillorder,\n            bps_tuple,\n            extra_tuple,\n        )\n        logger.debug(\"format key: %s\", key)\n        try:\n            self._mode, rawmode = OPEN_INFO[key]\n        except KeyError as e:\n            logger.debug(\"- unsupported format\")\n            msg = \"unknown pixel mode\"\n            raise SyntaxError(msg) from e\n\n        logger.debug(\"- raw mode: %s\", rawmode)\n        logger.debug(\"- pil mode: %s\", self.mode)\n\n        self.info[\"compression\"] = self._compression\n\n        xres = self.tag_v2.get(X_RESOLUTION, 1)\n        yres = self.tag_v2.get(Y_RESOLUTION, 1)\n\n        if xres and yres:\n            resunit = self.tag_v2.get(RESOLUTION_UNIT)\n            if resunit == 2:  # dots per inch\n                self.info[\"dpi\"] = (xres, yres)\n            elif resunit == 3:  # dots per centimeter. convert to dpi\n                self.info[\"dpi\"] = (xres * 2.54, yres * 2.54)\n            elif resunit is None:  # used to default to 1, but now 2)\n                self.info[\"dpi\"] = (xres, yres)\n                # For backward compatibility,\n                # we also preserve the old behavior\n                self.info[\"resolution\"] = xres, yres\n            else:  # No absolute unit of measurement\n                self.info[\"resolution\"] = xres, yres\n\n        # build tile descriptors\n        x = y = layer = 0\n        self.tile = []\n        self.use_load_libtiff = READ_LIBTIFF or self._compression != \"raw\"\n        if self.use_load_libtiff:\n            # Decoder expects entire file as one tile.\n            # There's a buffer size limit in load (64k)\n            # so large g4 images will fail if we use that\n            # function.\n            #\n            # Setup the one tile for the whole image, then\n            # use the _load_libtiff function.\n\n            # libtiff handles the fillmode for us, so 1;IR should\n            # actually be 1;I. Including the R double reverses the\n            # bits, so stripes of the image are reversed.  See\n            # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/279\n            if fillorder == 2:\n                # Replace fillorder with fillorder=1\n                key = key[:3] + (1,) + key[4:]\n                logger.debug(\"format key: %s\", key)\n                # this should always work, since all the\n                # fillorder==2 modes have a corresponding\n                # fillorder=1 mode\n                self._mode, rawmode = OPEN_INFO[key]\n            # libtiff always returns the bytes in native order.\n            # we're expecting image byte order. So, if the rawmode\n            # contains I;16, we need to convert from native to image\n            # byte order.\n            if rawmode == \"I;16\":\n                rawmode = \"I;16N\"\n            if \";16B\" in rawmode:\n                rawmode = rawmode.replace(\";16B\", \";16N\")\n            if \";16L\" in rawmode:\n                rawmode = rawmode.replace(\";16L\", \";16N\")\n\n            # YCbCr images with new jpeg compression with pixels in one plane\n            # unpacked straight into RGB values\n            if (\n                photo == 6\n                and self._compression == \"jpeg\"\n                and self._planar_configuration == 1\n            ):\n                rawmode = \"RGB\"\n\n            # Offset in the tile tuple is 0, we go from 0,0 to\n            # w,h, and we only do this once -- eds\n            a = (rawmode, self._compression, False, self.tag_v2.offset)\n            self.tile.append((\"libtiff\", (0, 0, xsize, ysize), 0, a))\n\n        elif STRIPOFFSETS in self.tag_v2 or TILEOFFSETS in self.tag_v2:\n            # striped image\n            if STRIPOFFSETS in self.tag_v2:\n                offsets = self.tag_v2[STRIPOFFSETS]\n                h = self.tag_v2.get(ROWSPERSTRIP, ysize)\n                w = self.size[0]\n            else:\n                # tiled image\n                offsets = self.tag_v2[TILEOFFSETS]\n                w = self.tag_v2.get(TILEWIDTH)\n                h = self.tag_v2.get(TILELENGTH)\n\n            for offset in offsets:\n                if x + w > xsize:\n                    stride = w * sum(bps_tuple) / 8  # bytes per line\n                else:\n                    stride = 0\n\n                tile_rawmode = rawmode\n                if self._planar_configuration == 2:\n                    # each band on it's own layer\n                    tile_rawmode = rawmode[layer]\n                    # adjust stride width accordingly\n                    stride /= bps_count\n\n                a = (tile_rawmode, int(stride), 1)\n                self.tile.append(\n                    (\n                        self._compression,\n                        (x, y, min(x + w, xsize), min(y + h, ysize)),\n                        offset,\n                        a,\n                    )\n                )\n                x = x + w\n                if x >= self.size[0]:\n                    x, y = 0, y + h\n                    if y >= self.size[1]:\n                        x = y = 0\n                        layer += 1\n        else:\n            logger.debug(\"- unsupported data organization\")\n            msg = \"unknown data organization\"\n            raise SyntaxError(msg)\n\n        # Fix up info.\n        if ICCPROFILE in self.tag_v2:\n            self.info[\"icc_profile\"] = self.tag_v2[ICCPROFILE]\n\n        # fixup palette descriptor\n\n        if self.mode in [\"P\", \"PA\"]:\n            palette = [o8(b // 256) for b in self.tag_v2[COLORMAP]]\n            self.palette = ImagePalette.raw(\"RGB;L\", b\"\".join(palette))\n\n\n#\n# --------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Write TIFF files\n\n# little endian is default except for image modes with\n# explicit big endian byte-order\n\nSAVE_INFO = {\n    # mode => rawmode, byteorder, photometrics,\n    #           sampleformat, bitspersample, extra\n    \"1\": (\"1\", II, 1, 1, (1,), None),\n    \"L\": (\"L\", II, 1, 1, (8,), None),\n    \"LA\": (\"LA\", II, 1, 1, (8, 8), 2),\n    \"P\": (\"P\", II, 3, 1, (8,), None),\n    \"PA\": (\"PA\", II, 3, 1, (8, 8), 2),\n    \"I\": (\"I;32S\", II, 1, 2, (32,), None),\n    \"I;16\": (\"I;16\", II, 1, 1, (16,), None),\n    \"I;16S\": (\"I;16S\", II, 1, 2, (16,), None),\n    \"F\": (\"F;32F\", II, 1, 3, (32,), None),\n    \"RGB\": (\"RGB\", II, 2, 1, (8, 8, 8), None),\n    \"RGBX\": (\"RGBX\", II, 2, 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), 0),\n    \"RGBA\": (\"RGBA\", II, 2, 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), 2),\n    \"CMYK\": (\"CMYK\", II, 5, 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), None),\n    \"YCbCr\": (\"YCbCr\", II, 6, 1, (8, 8, 8), None),\n    \"LAB\": (\"LAB\", II, 8, 1, (8, 8, 8), None),\n    \"I;32BS\": (\"I;32BS\", MM, 1, 2, (32,), None),\n    \"I;16B\": (\"I;16B\", MM, 1, 1, (16,), None),\n    \"I;16BS\": (\"I;16BS\", MM, 1, 2, (16,), None),\n    \"F;32BF\": (\"F;32BF\", MM, 1, 3, (32,), None),\n}\n\n\ndef _save(im, fp, filename):\n    try:\n        rawmode, prefix, photo, format, bits, extra = SAVE_INFO[im.mode]\n    except KeyError as e:\n        msg = f\"cannot write mode {im.mode} as TIFF\"\n        raise OSError(msg) from e\n\n    ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(prefix=prefix)\n\n    encoderinfo = im.encoderinfo\n    encoderconfig = im.encoderconfig\n    try:\n        compression = encoderinfo[\"compression\"]\n    except KeyError:\n        compression = im.info.get(\"compression\")\n        if isinstance(compression, int):\n            # compression value may be from BMP. Ignore it\n            compression = None\n    if compression is None:\n        compression = \"raw\"\n    elif compression == \"tiff_jpeg\":\n        # OJPEG is obsolete, so use new-style JPEG compression instead\n        compression = \"jpeg\"\n    elif compression == \"tiff_deflate\":\n        compression = \"tiff_adobe_deflate\"\n\n    libtiff = WRITE_LIBTIFF or compression != \"raw\"\n\n    # required for color libtiff images\n    ifd[PLANAR_CONFIGURATION] = 1\n\n    ifd[IMAGEWIDTH] = im.size[0]\n    ifd[IMAGELENGTH] = im.size[1]\n\n    # write any arbitrary tags passed in as an ImageFileDirectory\n    if \"tiffinfo\" in encoderinfo:\n        info = encoderinfo[\"tiffinfo\"]\n    elif \"exif\" in encoderinfo:\n        info = encoderinfo[\"exif\"]\n        if isinstance(info, bytes):\n            exif = Image.Exif()\n            exif.load(info)\n            info = exif\n    else:\n        info = {}\n    logger.debug(\"Tiffinfo Keys: %s\", list(info))\n    if isinstance(info, ImageFileDirectory_v1):\n        info = info.to_v2()\n    for key in info:\n        if isinstance(info, Image.Exif) and key in TiffTags.TAGS_V2_GROUPS:\n            ifd[key] = info.get_ifd(key)\n        else:\n            ifd[key] = info.get(key)\n        try:\n            ifd.tagtype[key] = info.tagtype[key]\n        except Exception:\n            pass  # might not be an IFD. Might not have populated type\n\n    # additions written by Greg Couch, gregc@cgl.ucsf.edu\n    # inspired by image-sig posting from Kevin Cazabon, kcazabon@home.com\n    if hasattr(im, \"tag_v2\"):\n        # preserve tags from original TIFF image file\n        for key in (\n            RESOLUTION_UNIT,\n            X_RESOLUTION,\n            Y_RESOLUTION,\n            IPTC_NAA_CHUNK,\n            PHOTOSHOP_CHUNK,\n            XMP,\n        ):\n            if key in im.tag_v2:\n                ifd[key] = im.tag_v2[key]\n                ifd.tagtype[key] = im.tag_v2.tagtype[key]\n\n    # preserve ICC profile (should also work when saving other formats\n    # which support profiles as TIFF) -- 2008-06-06 Florian Hoech\n    icc = encoderinfo.get(\"icc_profile\", im.info.get(\"icc_profile\"))\n    if icc:\n        ifd[ICCPROFILE] = icc\n\n    for key, name in [\n        (IMAGEDESCRIPTION, \"description\"),\n        (X_RESOLUTION, \"resolution\"),\n        (Y_RESOLUTION, \"resolution\"),\n        (X_RESOLUTION, \"x_resolution\"),\n        (Y_RESOLUTION, \"y_resolution\"),\n        (RESOLUTION_UNIT, \"resolution_unit\"),\n        (SOFTWARE, \"software\"),\n        (DATE_TIME, \"date_time\"),\n        (ARTIST, \"artist\"),\n        (COPYRIGHT, \"copyright\"),\n    ]:\n        if name in encoderinfo:\n            ifd[key] = encoderinfo[name]\n\n    dpi = encoderinfo.get(\"dpi\")\n    if dpi:\n        ifd[RESOLUTION_UNIT] = 2\n        ifd[X_RESOLUTION] = dpi[0]\n        ifd[Y_RESOLUTION] = dpi[1]\n\n    if bits != (1,):\n        ifd[BITSPERSAMPLE] = bits\n        if len(bits) != 1:\n            ifd[SAMPLESPERPIXEL] = len(bits)\n    if extra is not None:\n        ifd[EXTRASAMPLES] = extra\n    if format != 1:\n        ifd[SAMPLEFORMAT] = format\n\n    if PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION not in ifd:\n        ifd[PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION] = photo\n    elif im.mode in (\"1\", \"L\") and ifd[PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION] == 0:\n        if im.mode == \"1\":\n            inverted_im = im.copy()\n            px = inverted_im.load()\n            for y in range(inverted_im.height):\n                for x in range(inverted_im.width):\n                    px[x, y] = 0 if px[x, y] == 255 else 255\n            im = inverted_im\n        else:\n            im = ImageOps.invert(im)\n\n    if im.mode in [\"P\", \"PA\"]:\n        lut = im.im.getpalette(\"RGB\", \"RGB;L\")\n        colormap = []\n        colors = len(lut) // 3\n        for i in range(3):\n            colormap += [v * 256 for v in lut[colors * i : colors * (i + 1)]]\n            colormap += [0] * (256 - colors)\n        ifd[COLORMAP] = colormap\n    # data orientation\n    stride = len(bits) * ((im.size[0] * bits[0] + 7) // 8)\n    # aim for given strip size (64 KB by default) when using libtiff writer\n    if libtiff:\n        im_strip_size = encoderinfo.get(\"strip_size\", STRIP_SIZE)\n        rows_per_strip = 1 if stride == 0 else min(im_strip_size // stride, im.size[1])\n        # JPEG encoder expects multiple of 8 rows\n        if compression == \"jpeg\":\n            rows_per_strip = min(((rows_per_strip + 7) // 8) * 8, im.size[1])\n    else:\n        rows_per_strip = im.size[1]\n    if rows_per_strip == 0:\n        rows_per_strip = 1\n    strip_byte_counts = 1 if stride == 0 else stride * rows_per_strip\n    strips_per_image = (im.size[1] + rows_per_strip - 1) // rows_per_strip\n    ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP] = rows_per_strip\n    if strip_byte_counts >= 2**16:\n        ifd.tagtype[STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = TiffTags.LONG\n    ifd[STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = (strip_byte_counts,) * (strips_per_image - 1) + (\n        stride * im.size[1] - strip_byte_counts * (strips_per_image - 1),\n    )\n    ifd[STRIPOFFSETS] = tuple(\n        range(0, strip_byte_counts * strips_per_image, strip_byte_counts)\n    )  # this is adjusted by IFD writer\n    # no compression by default:\n    ifd[COMPRESSION] = COMPRESSION_INFO_REV.get(compression, 1)\n\n    if im.mode == \"YCbCr\":\n        for tag, value in {\n            YCBCRSUBSAMPLING: (1, 1),\n            REFERENCEBLACKWHITE: (0, 255, 128, 255, 128, 255),\n        }.items():\n            ifd.setdefault(tag, value)\n\n    blocklist = [TILEWIDTH, TILELENGTH, TILEOFFSETS, TILEBYTECOUNTS]\n    if libtiff:\n        if \"quality\" in encoderinfo:\n            quality = encoderinfo[\"quality\"]\n            if not isinstance(quality, int) or quality < 0 or quality > 100:\n                msg = \"Invalid quality setting\"\n                raise ValueError(msg)\n            if compression != \"jpeg\":\n                msg = \"quality setting only supported for 'jpeg' compression\"\n                raise ValueError(msg)\n            ifd[JPEGQUALITY] = quality\n\n        logger.debug(\"Saving using libtiff encoder\")\n        logger.debug(\"Items: %s\", sorted(ifd.items()))\n        _fp = 0\n        if hasattr(fp, \"fileno\"):\n            try:\n                fp.seek(0)\n                _fp = os.dup(fp.fileno())\n            except io.UnsupportedOperation:\n                pass\n\n        # optional types for non core tags\n        types = {}\n        # STRIPOFFSETS and STRIPBYTECOUNTS are added by the library\n        # based on the data in the strip.\n        # The other tags expect arrays with a certain length (fixed or depending on\n        # BITSPERSAMPLE, etc), passing arrays with a different length will result in\n        # segfaults. Block these tags until we add extra validation.\n        # SUBIFD may also cause a segfault.\n        blocklist += [\n            REFERENCEBLACKWHITE,\n            STRIPBYTECOUNTS,\n            STRIPOFFSETS,\n            TRANSFERFUNCTION,\n            SUBIFD,\n        ]\n\n        # bits per sample is a single short in the tiff directory, not a list.\n        atts = {BITSPERSAMPLE: bits[0]}\n        # Merge the ones that we have with (optional) more bits from\n        # the original file, e.g x,y resolution so that we can\n        # save(load('')) == original file.\n        legacy_ifd = {}\n        if hasattr(im, \"tag\"):\n            legacy_ifd = im.tag.to_v2()\n\n        # SAMPLEFORMAT is determined by the image format and should not be copied\n        # from legacy_ifd.\n        supplied_tags = {**getattr(im, \"tag_v2\", {}), **legacy_ifd}\n        if SAMPLEFORMAT in supplied_tags:\n            del supplied_tags[SAMPLEFORMAT]\n\n        for tag, value in itertools.chain(ifd.items(), supplied_tags.items()):\n            # Libtiff can only process certain core items without adding\n            # them to the custom dictionary.\n            # Custom items are supported for int, float, unicode, string and byte\n            # values. Other types and tuples require a tagtype.\n            if tag not in TiffTags.LIBTIFF_CORE:\n                if not getattr(Image.core, \"libtiff_support_custom_tags\", False):\n                    continue\n\n                if tag in ifd.tagtype:\n                    types[tag] = ifd.tagtype[tag]\n                elif not (isinstance(value, (int, float, str, bytes))):\n                    continue\n                else:\n                    type = TiffTags.lookup(tag).type\n                    if type:\n                        types[tag] = type\n            if tag not in atts and tag not in blocklist:\n                if isinstance(value, str):\n                    atts[tag] = value.encode(\"ascii\", \"replace\") + b\"\\0\"\n                elif isinstance(value, IFDRational):\n                    atts[tag] = float(value)\n                else:\n                    atts[tag] = value\n\n        if SAMPLEFORMAT in atts and len(atts[SAMPLEFORMAT]) == 1:\n            atts[SAMPLEFORMAT] = atts[SAMPLEFORMAT][0]\n\n        logger.debug(\"Converted items: %s\", sorted(atts.items()))\n\n        # libtiff always expects the bytes in native order.\n        # we're storing image byte order. So, if the rawmode\n        # contains I;16, we need to convert from native to image\n        # byte order.\n        if im.mode in (\"I;16B\", \"I;16\"):\n            rawmode = \"I;16N\"\n\n        # Pass tags as sorted list so that the tags are set in a fixed order.\n        # This is required by libtiff for some tags. For example, the JPEGQUALITY\n        # pseudo tag requires that the COMPRESS tag was already set.\n        tags = list(atts.items())\n        tags.sort()\n        a = (rawmode, compression, _fp, filename, tags, types)\n        e = Image._getencoder(im.mode, \"libtiff\", a, encoderconfig)\n        e.setimage(im.im, (0, 0) + im.size)\n        while True:\n            # undone, change to self.decodermaxblock:\n            errcode, data = e.encode(16 * 1024)[1:]\n            if not _fp:\n                fp.write(data)\n            if errcode:\n                break\n        if _fp:\n            try:\n                os.close(_fp)\n            except OSError:\n                pass\n        if errcode < 0:\n            msg = f\"encoder error {errcode} when writing image file\"\n            raise OSError(msg)\n\n    else:\n        for tag in blocklist:\n            del ifd[tag]\n        offset = ifd.save(fp)\n\n        ImageFile._save(\n            im, fp, [(\"raw\", (0, 0) + im.size, offset, (rawmode, stride, 1))]\n        )\n\n    # -- helper for multi-page save --\n    if \"_debug_multipage\" in encoderinfo:\n        # just to access o32 and o16 (using correct byte order)\n        im._debug_multipage = ifd\n\n\nclass AppendingTiffWriter:\n    fieldSizes = [\n        0,  # None\n        1,  # byte\n        1,  # ascii\n        2,  # short\n        4,  # long\n        8,  # rational\n        1,  # sbyte\n        1,  # undefined\n        2,  # sshort\n        4,  # slong\n        8,  # srational\n        4,  # float\n        8,  # double\n        4,  # ifd\n        2,  # unicode\n        4,  # complex\n        8,  # long8\n    ]\n\n    Tags = {\n        273,  # StripOffsets\n        288,  # FreeOffsets\n        324,  # TileOffsets\n        519,  # JPEGQTables\n        520,  # JPEGDCTables\n        521,  # JPEGACTables\n    }\n\n    def __init__(self, fn, new=False):\n        if hasattr(fn, \"read\"):\n            self.f = fn\n            self.close_fp = False\n        else:\n            self.name = fn\n            self.close_fp = True\n            try:\n                self.f = open(fn, \"w+b\" if new else \"r+b\")\n            except OSError:\n                self.f = open(fn, \"w+b\")\n        self.beginning = self.f.tell()\n        self.setup()\n\n    def setup(self):\n        # Reset everything.\n        self.f.seek(self.beginning, os.SEEK_SET)\n\n        self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset = None\n        self.offsetOfNewPage = 0\n\n        self.IIMM = iimm = self.f.read(4)\n        if not iimm:\n            # empty file - first page\n            self.isFirst = True\n            return\n\n        self.isFirst = False\n        if iimm == b\"II\\x2a\\x00\":\n            self.setEndian(\"<\")\n        elif iimm == b\"MM\\x00\\x2a\":\n            self.setEndian(\">\")\n        else:\n            msg = \"Invalid TIFF file header\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n        self.skipIFDs()\n        self.goToEnd()\n\n    def finalize(self):\n        if self.isFirst:\n            return\n\n        # fix offsets\n        self.f.seek(self.offsetOfNewPage)\n\n        iimm = self.f.read(4)\n        if not iimm:\n            # Make it easy to finish a frame without committing to a new one.\n            return\n\n        if iimm != self.IIMM:\n            msg = \"IIMM of new page doesn't match IIMM of first page\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n        ifd_offset = self.readLong()\n        ifd_offset += self.offsetOfNewPage\n        self.f.seek(self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset)\n        self.writeLong(ifd_offset)\n        self.f.seek(ifd_offset)\n        self.fixIFD()\n\n    def newFrame(self):\n        # Call this to finish a frame.\n        self.finalize()\n        self.setup()\n\n    def __enter__(self):\n        return self\n\n    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):\n        if self.close_fp:\n            self.close()\n        return False\n\n    def tell(self):\n        return self.f.tell() - self.offsetOfNewPage\n\n    def seek(self, offset, whence=io.SEEK_SET):\n        if whence == os.SEEK_SET:\n            offset += self.offsetOfNewPage\n\n        self.f.seek(offset, whence)\n        return self.tell()\n\n    def goToEnd(self):\n        self.f.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)\n        pos = self.f.tell()\n\n        # pad to 16 byte boundary\n        pad_bytes = 16 - pos % 16\n        if 0 < pad_bytes < 16:\n            self.f.write(bytes(pad_bytes))\n        self.offsetOfNewPage = self.f.tell()\n\n    def setEndian(self, endian):\n        self.endian = endian\n        self.longFmt = self.endian + \"L\"\n        self.shortFmt = self.endian + \"H\"\n        self.tagFormat = self.endian + \"HHL\"\n\n    def skipIFDs(self):\n        while True:\n            ifd_offset = self.readLong()\n            if ifd_offset == 0:\n                self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset = self.f.tell() - 4\n                break\n\n            self.f.seek(ifd_offset)\n            num_tags = self.readShort()\n            self.f.seek(num_tags * 12, os.SEEK_CUR)\n\n    def write(self, data):\n        return self.f.write(data)\n\n    def readShort(self):\n        (value,) = struct.unpack(self.shortFmt, self.f.read(2))\n        return value\n\n    def readLong(self):\n        (value,) = struct.unpack(self.longFmt, self.f.read(4))\n        return value\n\n    def rewriteLastShortToLong(self, value):\n        self.f.seek(-2, os.SEEK_CUR)\n        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.longFmt, value))\n        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 4:\n            msg = f\"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 4\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n    def rewriteLastShort(self, value):\n        self.f.seek(-2, os.SEEK_CUR)\n        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.shortFmt, value))\n        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 2:\n            msg = f\"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 2\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n    def rewriteLastLong(self, value):\n        self.f.seek(-4, os.SEEK_CUR)\n        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.longFmt, value))\n        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 4:\n            msg = f\"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 4\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n    def writeShort(self, value):\n        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.shortFmt, value))\n        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 2:\n            msg = f\"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 2\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n    def writeLong(self, value):\n        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.longFmt, value))\n        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 4:\n            msg = f\"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 4\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n    def close(self):\n        self.finalize()\n        self.f.close()\n\n    def fixIFD(self):\n        num_tags = self.readShort()\n\n        for i in range(num_tags):\n            tag, field_type, count = struct.unpack(self.tagFormat, self.f.read(8))\n\n            field_size = self.fieldSizes[field_type]\n            total_size = field_size * count\n            is_local = total_size <= 4\n            if not is_local:\n                offset = self.readLong()\n                offset += self.offsetOfNewPage\n                self.rewriteLastLong(offset)\n\n            if tag in self.Tags:\n                cur_pos = self.f.tell()\n\n                if is_local:\n                    self.fixOffsets(\n                        count, isShort=(field_size == 2), isLong=(field_size == 4)\n                    )\n                    self.f.seek(cur_pos + 4)\n                else:\n                    self.f.seek(offset)\n                    self.fixOffsets(\n                        count, isShort=(field_size == 2), isLong=(field_size == 4)\n                    )\n                    self.f.seek(cur_pos)\n\n                offset = cur_pos = None\n\n            elif is_local:\n                # skip the locally stored value that is not an offset\n                self.f.seek(4, os.SEEK_CUR)\n\n    def fixOffsets(self, count, isShort=False, isLong=False):\n        if not isShort and not isLong:\n            msg = \"offset is neither short nor long\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n        for i in range(count):\n            offset = self.readShort() if isShort else self.readLong()\n            offset += self.offsetOfNewPage\n            if isShort and offset >= 65536:\n                # offset is now too large - we must convert shorts to longs\n                if count != 1:\n                    msg = \"not implemented\"\n                    raise RuntimeError(msg)  # XXX TODO\n\n                # simple case - the offset is just one and therefore it is\n                # local (not referenced with another offset)\n                self.rewriteLastShortToLong(offset)\n                self.f.seek(-10, os.SEEK_CUR)\n                self.writeShort(TiffTags.LONG)  # rewrite the type to LONG\n                self.f.seek(8, os.SEEK_CUR)\n            elif isShort:\n                self.rewriteLastShort(offset)\n            else:\n                self.rewriteLastLong(offset)\n\n\ndef _save_all(im, fp, filename):\n    encoderinfo = im.encoderinfo.copy()\n    encoderconfig = im.encoderconfig\n    append_images = list(encoderinfo.get(\"append_images\", []))\n    if not hasattr(im, \"n_frames\") and not append_images:\n        return _save(im, fp, filename)\n\n    cur_idx = im.tell()\n    try:\n        with AppendingTiffWriter(fp) as tf:\n            for ims in [im] + append_images:\n                ims.encoderinfo = encoderinfo\n                ims.encoderconfig = encoderconfig\n                if not hasattr(ims, \"n_frames\"):\n                    nfr = 1\n                else:\n                    nfr = ims.n_frames\n\n                for idx in range(nfr):\n                    ims.seek(idx)\n                    ims.load()\n                    _save(ims, tf, filename)\n                    tf.newFrame()\n    finally:\n        im.seek(cur_idx)\n\n\n#\n# --------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Register\n\nImage.register_open(TiffImageFile.format, TiffImageFile, _accept)\nImage.register_save(TiffImageFile.format, _save)\nImage.register_save_all(TiffImageFile.format, _save_all)\n\nImage.register_extensions(TiffImageFile.format, [\".tif\", \".tiff\"])\n\nImage.register_mime(TiffImageFile.format, \"image/tiff\")\n",
            "new_file_content": "#\n# The Python Imaging Library.\n# $Id$\n#\n# TIFF file handling\n#\n# TIFF is a flexible, if somewhat aged, image file format originally\n# defined by Aldus.  Although TIFF supports a wide variety of pixel\n# layouts and compression methods, the name doesn't really stand for\n# \"thousands of incompatible file formats,\" it just feels that way.\n#\n# To read TIFF data from a stream, the stream must be seekable.  For\n# progressive decoding, make sure to use TIFF files where the tag\n# directory is placed first in the file.\n#\n# History:\n# 1995-09-01 fl   Created\n# 1996-05-04 fl   Handle JPEGTABLES tag\n# 1996-05-18 fl   Fixed COLORMAP support\n# 1997-01-05 fl   Fixed PREDICTOR support\n# 1997-08-27 fl   Added support for rational tags (from Perry Stoll)\n# 1998-01-10 fl   Fixed seek/tell (from Jan Blom)\n# 1998-07-15 fl   Use private names for internal variables\n# 1999-06-13 fl   Rewritten for PIL 1.0 (1.0)\n# 2000-10-11 fl   Additional fixes for Python 2.0 (1.1)\n# 2001-04-17 fl   Fixed rewind support (seek to frame 0) (1.2)\n# 2001-05-12 fl   Added write support for more tags (from Greg Couch) (1.3)\n# 2001-12-18 fl   Added workaround for broken Matrox library\n# 2002-01-18 fl   Don't mess up if photometric tag is missing (D. Alan Stewart)\n# 2003-05-19 fl   Check FILLORDER tag\n# 2003-09-26 fl   Added RGBa support\n# 2004-02-24 fl   Added DPI support; fixed rational write support\n# 2005-02-07 fl   Added workaround for broken Corel Draw 10 files\n# 2006-01-09 fl   Added support for float/double tags (from Russell Nelson)\n#\n# Copyright (c) 1997-2006 by Secret Labs AB.  All rights reserved.\n# Copyright (c) 1995-1997 by Fredrik Lundh\n#\n# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.\n#\nfrom __future__ import annotations\n\nimport io\nimport itertools\nimport logging\nimport math\nimport os\nimport struct\nimport warnings\nfrom collections.abc import MutableMapping\nfrom fractions import Fraction\nfrom numbers import Number, Rational\n\nfrom . import ExifTags, Image, ImageFile, ImageOps, ImagePalette, TiffTags\nfrom ._binary import i16be as i16\nfrom ._binary import i32be as i32\nfrom ._binary import o8\nfrom .TiffTags import TYPES\n\nlogger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n\n# Set these to true to force use of libtiff for reading or writing.\nREAD_LIBTIFF = False\nWRITE_LIBTIFF = False\nIFD_LEGACY_API = True\nSTRIP_SIZE = 65536\n\nII = b\"II\"  # little-endian (Intel style)\nMM = b\"MM\"  # big-endian (Motorola style)\n\n#\n# --------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Read TIFF files\n\n# a few tag names, just to make the code below a bit more readable\nIMAGEWIDTH = 256\nIMAGELENGTH = 257\nBITSPERSAMPLE = 258\nCOMPRESSION = 259\nPHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION = 262\nFILLORDER = 266\nIMAGEDESCRIPTION = 270\nSTRIPOFFSETS = 273\nSAMPLESPERPIXEL = 277\nROWSPERSTRIP = 278\nSTRIPBYTECOUNTS = 279\nX_RESOLUTION = 282\nY_RESOLUTION = 283\nPLANAR_CONFIGURATION = 284\nRESOLUTION_UNIT = 296\nTRANSFERFUNCTION = 301\nSOFTWARE = 305\nDATE_TIME = 306\nARTIST = 315\nPREDICTOR = 317\nCOLORMAP = 320\nTILEWIDTH = 322\nTILELENGTH = 323\nTILEOFFSETS = 324\nTILEBYTECOUNTS = 325\nSUBIFD = 330\nEXTRASAMPLES = 338\nSAMPLEFORMAT = 339\nJPEGTABLES = 347\nYCBCRSUBSAMPLING = 530\nREFERENCEBLACKWHITE = 532\nCOPYRIGHT = 33432\nIPTC_NAA_CHUNK = 33723  # newsphoto properties\nPHOTOSHOP_CHUNK = 34377  # photoshop properties\nICCPROFILE = 34675\nEXIFIFD = 34665\nXMP = 700\nJPEGQUALITY = 65537  # pseudo-tag by libtiff\n\n# https://github.com/imagej/ImageJA/blob/master/src/main/java/ij/io/TiffDecoder.java\nIMAGEJ_META_DATA_BYTE_COUNTS = 50838\nIMAGEJ_META_DATA = 50839\n\nCOMPRESSION_INFO = {\n    # Compression => pil compression name\n    1: \"raw\",\n    2: \"tiff_ccitt\",\n    3: \"group3\",\n    4: \"group4\",\n    5: \"tiff_lzw\",\n    6: \"tiff_jpeg\",  # obsolete\n    7: \"jpeg\",\n    8: \"tiff_adobe_deflate\",\n    32771: \"tiff_raw_16\",  # 16-bit padding\n    32773: \"packbits\",\n    32809: \"tiff_thunderscan\",\n    32946: \"tiff_deflate\",\n    34676: \"tiff_sgilog\",\n    34677: \"tiff_sgilog24\",\n    34925: \"lzma\",\n    50000: \"zstd\",\n    50001: \"webp\",\n}\n\nCOMPRESSION_INFO_REV = {v: k for k, v in COMPRESSION_INFO.items()}\n\nOPEN_INFO = {\n    # (ByteOrder, PhotoInterpretation, SampleFormat, FillOrder, BitsPerSample,\n    #  ExtraSamples) => mode, rawmode\n    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1;I\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1;I\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1;IR\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1;IR\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1;R\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1;R\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2I\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2I\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2IR\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2IR\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2R\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2R\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4I\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4I\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4IR\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4IR\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4R\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4R\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;I\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;I\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;IR\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;IR\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L\"),\n    (II, 1, (2,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L\"),\n    (MM, 1, (2,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;R\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;R\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (12,), ()): (\"I;16\", \"I;12\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (16,), ()): (\"I;16\", \"I;16\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (16,), ()): (\"I;16\", \"I;16\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (16,), ()): (\"I;16B\", \"I;16B\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (16,), ()): (\"I;16\", \"I;16R\"),\n    (II, 1, (2,), 1, (16,), ()): (\"I\", \"I;16S\"),\n    (MM, 1, (2,), 1, (16,), ()): (\"I\", \"I;16BS\"),\n    (II, 0, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): (\"F\", \"F;32F\"),\n    (MM, 0, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): (\"F\", \"F;32BF\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (32,), ()): (\"I\", \"I;32N\"),\n    (II, 1, (2,), 1, (32,), ()): (\"I\", \"I;32S\"),\n    (MM, 1, (2,), 1, (32,), ()): (\"I\", \"I;32BS\"),\n    (II, 1, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): (\"F\", \"F;32F\"),\n    (MM, 1, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): (\"F\", \"F;32BF\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): (\"LA\", \"LA\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): (\"LA\", \"LA\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGB\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGB\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 2, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGB;R\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 2, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGB;R\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA\"),  # missing ExtraSamples\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA\"),  # missing ExtraSamples\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBX\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBX\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBXX\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBXX\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0, 0)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBXXX\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0, 0)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBXXX\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (1,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBa\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (1,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBa\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBaX\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBaX\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBaXX\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBaXX\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (2,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (2,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBAX\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBAX\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBAXX\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBAXX\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (999,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA\"),  # Corel Draw 10\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (999,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA\"),  # Corel Draw 10\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGB;16L\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGB;16B\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), ()): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA;16L\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), ()): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA;16B\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (0,)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBX;16L\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (0,)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBX;16B\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (1,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBa;16L\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (1,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBa;16B\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (2,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA;16L\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (2,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA;16B\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;1\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;1\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;1R\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;1R\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;2\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;2\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;2R\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;2R\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;4\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;4\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;4R\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;4R\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"P\", \"P\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"P\", \"P\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): (\"PA\", \"PA\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): (\"PA\", \"PA\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;R\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;R\"),\n    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): (\"CMYK\", \"CMYK\"),\n    (MM, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): (\"CMYK\", \"CMYK\"),\n    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): (\"CMYK\", \"CMYKX\"),\n    (MM, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): (\"CMYK\", \"CMYKX\"),\n    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): (\"CMYK\", \"CMYKXX\"),\n    (MM, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): (\"CMYK\", \"CMYKXX\"),\n    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), ()): (\"CMYK\", \"CMYK;16L\"),\n    (II, 6, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L\"),\n    (MM, 6, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L\"),\n    # JPEG compressed images handled by LibTiff and auto-converted to RGBX\n    # Minimal Baseline TIFF requires YCbCr images to have 3 SamplesPerPixel\n    (II, 6, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGBX\"),\n    (MM, 6, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGBX\"),\n    (II, 8, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"LAB\", \"LAB\"),\n    (MM, 8, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"LAB\", \"LAB\"),\n}\n\nMAX_SAMPLESPERPIXEL = max(len(key_tp[4]) for key_tp in OPEN_INFO)\n\nPREFIXES = [\n    b\"MM\\x00\\x2A\",  # Valid TIFF header with big-endian byte order\n    b\"II\\x2A\\x00\",  # Valid TIFF header with little-endian byte order\n    b\"MM\\x2A\\x00\",  # Invalid TIFF header, assume big-endian\n    b\"II\\x00\\x2A\",  # Invalid TIFF header, assume little-endian\n    b\"MM\\x00\\x2B\",  # BigTIFF with big-endian byte order\n    b\"II\\x2B\\x00\",  # BigTIFF with little-endian byte order\n]\n\n\ndef _accept(prefix):\n    return prefix[:4] in PREFIXES\n\n\ndef _limit_rational(val, max_val):\n    inv = abs(val) > 1\n    n_d = IFDRational(1 / val if inv else val).limit_rational(max_val)\n    return n_d[::-1] if inv else n_d\n\n\ndef _limit_signed_rational(val, max_val, min_val):\n    frac = Fraction(val)\n    n_d = frac.numerator, frac.denominator\n\n    if min(n_d) < min_val:\n        n_d = _limit_rational(val, abs(min_val))\n\n    if max(n_d) > max_val:\n        val = Fraction(*n_d)\n        n_d = _limit_rational(val, max_val)\n\n    return n_d\n\n\n##\n# Wrapper for TIFF IFDs.\n\n_load_dispatch = {}\n_write_dispatch = {}\n\n\nclass IFDRational(Rational):\n    \"\"\"Implements a rational class where 0/0 is a legal value to match\n    the in the wild use of exif rationals.\n\n    e.g., DigitalZoomRatio - 0.00/0.00  indicates that no digital zoom was used\n    \"\"\"\n\n    \"\"\" If the denominator is 0, store this as a float('nan'), otherwise store\n    as a fractions.Fraction(). Delegate as appropriate\n\n    \"\"\"\n\n    __slots__ = (\"_numerator\", \"_denominator\", \"_val\")\n\n    def __init__(self, value, denominator=1):\n        \"\"\"\n        :param value: either an integer numerator, a\n        float/rational/other number, or an IFDRational\n        :param denominator: Optional integer denominator\n        \"\"\"\n        if isinstance(value, IFDRational):\n            self._numerator = value.numerator\n            self._denominator = value.denominator\n            self._val = value._val\n            return\n\n        if isinstance(value, Fraction):\n            self._numerator = value.numerator\n            self._denominator = value.denominator\n        else:\n            self._numerator = value\n            self._denominator = denominator\n\n        if denominator == 0:\n            self._val = float(\"nan\")\n        elif denominator == 1:\n            self._val = Fraction(value)\n        else:\n            self._val = Fraction(value, denominator)\n\n    @property\n    def numerator(self):\n        return self._numerator\n\n    @property\n    def denominator(self):\n        return self._denominator\n\n    def limit_rational(self, max_denominator):\n        \"\"\"\n\n        :param max_denominator: Integer, the maximum denominator value\n        :returns: Tuple of (numerator, denominator)\n        \"\"\"\n\n        if self.denominator == 0:\n            return self.numerator, self.denominator\n\n        f = self._val.limit_denominator(max_denominator)\n        return f.numerator, f.denominator\n\n    def __repr__(self):\n        return str(float(self._val))\n\n    def __hash__(self):\n        return self._val.__hash__()\n\n    def __eq__(self, other):\n        val = self._val\n        if isinstance(other, IFDRational):\n            other = other._val\n        if isinstance(other, float):\n            val = float(val)\n        return val == other\n\n    def __getstate__(self):\n        return [self._val, self._numerator, self._denominator]\n\n    def __setstate__(self, state):\n        IFDRational.__init__(self, 0)\n        _val, _numerator, _denominator = state\n        self._val = _val\n        self._numerator = _numerator\n        self._denominator = _denominator\n\n    def _delegate(op):\n        def delegate(self, *args):\n            return getattr(self._val, op)(*args)\n\n        return delegate\n\n    \"\"\" a = ['add','radd', 'sub', 'rsub', 'mul', 'rmul',\n             'truediv', 'rtruediv', 'floordiv', 'rfloordiv',\n             'mod','rmod', 'pow','rpow', 'pos', 'neg',\n             'abs', 'trunc', 'lt', 'gt', 'le', 'ge', 'bool',\n             'ceil', 'floor', 'round']\n        print(\"\\n\".join(\"__%s__ = _delegate('__%s__')\" % (s,s) for s in a))\n        \"\"\"\n\n    __add__ = _delegate(\"__add__\")\n    __radd__ = _delegate(\"__radd__\")\n    __sub__ = _delegate(\"__sub__\")\n    __rsub__ = _delegate(\"__rsub__\")\n    __mul__ = _delegate(\"__mul__\")\n    __rmul__ = _delegate(\"__rmul__\")\n    __truediv__ = _delegate(\"__truediv__\")\n    __rtruediv__ = _delegate(\"__rtruediv__\")\n    __floordiv__ = _delegate(\"__floordiv__\")\n    __rfloordiv__ = _delegate(\"__rfloordiv__\")\n    __mod__ = _delegate(\"__mod__\")\n    __rmod__ = _delegate(\"__rmod__\")\n    __pow__ = _delegate(\"__pow__\")\n    __rpow__ = _delegate(\"__rpow__\")\n    __pos__ = _delegate(\"__pos__\")\n    __neg__ = _delegate(\"__neg__\")\n    __abs__ = _delegate(\"__abs__\")\n    __trunc__ = _delegate(\"__trunc__\")\n    __lt__ = _delegate(\"__lt__\")\n    __gt__ = _delegate(\"__gt__\")\n    __le__ = _delegate(\"__le__\")\n    __ge__ = _delegate(\"__ge__\")\n    __bool__ = _delegate(\"__bool__\")\n    __ceil__ = _delegate(\"__ceil__\")\n    __floor__ = _delegate(\"__floor__\")\n    __round__ = _delegate(\"__round__\")\n    # Python >= 3.11\n    if hasattr(Fraction, \"__int__\"):\n        __int__ = _delegate(\"__int__\")\n\n\nclass ImageFileDirectory_v2(MutableMapping):\n    \"\"\"This class represents a TIFF tag directory.  To speed things up, we\n    don't decode tags unless they're asked for.\n\n    Exposes a dictionary interface of the tags in the directory::\n\n        ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        ifd[key] = 'Some Data'\n        ifd.tagtype[key] = TiffTags.ASCII\n        print(ifd[key])\n        'Some Data'\n\n    Individual values are returned as the strings or numbers, sequences are\n    returned as tuples of the values.\n\n    The tiff metadata type of each item is stored in a dictionary of\n    tag types in\n    :attr:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2.tagtype`. The types\n    are read from a tiff file, guessed from the type added, or added\n    manually.\n\n    Data Structures:\n\n        * ``self.tagtype = {}``\n\n          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number\n          * Value: integer corresponding to the data type from\n            :py:data:`.TiffTags.TYPES`\n\n          .. versionadded:: 3.0.0\n\n    'Internal' data structures:\n\n        * ``self._tags_v2 = {}``\n\n          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number\n          * Value: decoded data, as tuple for multiple values\n\n        * ``self._tagdata = {}``\n\n          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number\n          * Value: undecoded byte string from file\n\n        * ``self._tags_v1 = {}``\n\n          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number\n          * Value: decoded data in the v1 format\n\n    Tags will be found in the private attributes ``self._tagdata``, and in\n    ``self._tags_v2`` once decoded.\n\n    ``self.legacy_api`` is a value for internal use, and shouldn't be changed\n    from outside code. In cooperation with\n    :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`, if ``legacy_api``\n    is true, then decoded tags will be populated into both ``_tags_v1`` and\n    ``_tags_v2``. ``_tags_v2`` will be used if this IFD is used in the TIFF\n    save routine. Tags should be read from ``_tags_v1`` if\n    ``legacy_api == true``.\n\n    \"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, ifh=b\"II\\052\\0\\0\\0\\0\\0\", prefix=None, group=None):\n        \"\"\"Initialize an ImageFileDirectory.\n\n        To construct an ImageFileDirectory from a real file, pass the 8-byte\n        magic header to the constructor.  To only set the endianness, pass it\n        as the 'prefix' keyword argument.\n\n        :param ifh: One of the accepted magic headers (cf. PREFIXES); also sets\n              endianness.\n        :param prefix: Override the endianness of the file.\n        \"\"\"\n        if not _accept(ifh):\n            msg = f\"not a TIFF file (header {repr(ifh)} not valid)\"\n            raise SyntaxError(msg)\n        self._prefix = prefix if prefix is not None else ifh[:2]\n        if self._prefix == MM:\n            self._endian = \">\"\n        elif self._prefix == II:\n            self._endian = \"<\"\n        else:\n            msg = \"not a TIFF IFD\"\n            raise SyntaxError(msg)\n        self._bigtiff = ifh[2] == 43\n        self.group = group\n        self.tagtype = {}\n        \"\"\" Dictionary of tag types \"\"\"\n        self.reset()\n        (self.next,) = (\n            self._unpack(\"Q\", ifh[8:]) if self._bigtiff else self._unpack(\"L\", ifh[4:])\n        )\n        self._legacy_api = False\n\n    prefix = property(lambda self: self._prefix)\n    offset = property(lambda self: self._offset)\n    legacy_api = property(lambda self: self._legacy_api)\n\n    @legacy_api.setter\n    def legacy_api(self, value):\n        msg = \"Not allowing setting of legacy api\"\n        raise Exception(msg)\n\n    def reset(self):\n        self._tags_v1 = {}  # will remain empty if legacy_api is false\n        self._tags_v2 = {}  # main tag storage\n        self._tagdata = {}\n        self.tagtype = {}  # added 2008-06-05 by Florian Hoech\n        self._next = None\n        self._offset = None\n\n    def __str__(self):\n        return str(dict(self))\n\n    def named(self):\n        \"\"\"\n        :returns: dict of name|key: value\n\n        Returns the complete tag dictionary, with named tags where possible.\n        \"\"\"\n        return {\n            TiffTags.lookup(code, self.group).name: value\n            for code, value in self.items()\n        }\n\n    def __len__(self):\n        return len(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v2))\n\n    def __getitem__(self, tag):\n        if tag not in self._tags_v2:  # unpack on the fly\n            data = self._tagdata[tag]\n            typ = self.tagtype[tag]\n            size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]\n            self[tag] = handler(self, data, self.legacy_api)  # check type\n        val = self._tags_v2[tag]\n        if self.legacy_api and not isinstance(val, (tuple, bytes)):\n            val = (val,)\n        return val\n\n    def __contains__(self, tag):\n        return tag in self._tags_v2 or tag in self._tagdata\n\n    def __setitem__(self, tag, value):\n        self._setitem(tag, value, self.legacy_api)\n\n    def _setitem(self, tag, value, legacy_api):\n        basetypes = (Number, bytes, str)\n\n        info = TiffTags.lookup(tag, self.group)\n        values = [value] if isinstance(value, basetypes) else value\n\n        if tag not in self.tagtype:\n            if info.type:\n                self.tagtype[tag] = info.type\n            else:\n                self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.UNDEFINED\n                if all(isinstance(v, IFDRational) for v in values):\n                    self.tagtype[tag] = (\n                        TiffTags.RATIONAL\n                        if all(v >= 0 for v in values)\n                        else TiffTags.SIGNED_RATIONAL\n                    )\n                elif all(isinstance(v, int) for v in values):\n                    if all(0 <= v < 2**16 for v in values):\n                        self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.SHORT\n                    elif all(-(2**15) < v < 2**15 for v in values):\n                        self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.SIGNED_SHORT\n                    else:\n                        self.tagtype[tag] = (\n                            TiffTags.LONG\n                            if all(v >= 0 for v in values)\n                            else TiffTags.SIGNED_LONG\n                        )\n                elif all(isinstance(v, float) for v in values):\n                    self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.DOUBLE\n                elif all(isinstance(v, str) for v in values):\n                    self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.ASCII\n                elif all(isinstance(v, bytes) for v in values):\n                    self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.BYTE\n\n        if self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.UNDEFINED:\n            values = [\n                v.encode(\"ascii\", \"replace\") if isinstance(v, str) else v\n                for v in values\n            ]\n        elif self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.RATIONAL:\n            values = [float(v) if isinstance(v, int) else v for v in values]\n\n        is_ifd = self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.LONG and isinstance(values, dict)\n        if not is_ifd:\n            values = tuple(info.cvt_enum(value) for value in values)\n\n        dest = self._tags_v1 if legacy_api else self._tags_v2\n\n        # Three branches:\n        # Spec'd length == 1, Actual length 1, store as element\n        # Spec'd length == 1, Actual > 1, Warn and truncate. Formerly barfed.\n        # No Spec, Actual length 1, Formerly (<4.2) returned a 1 element tuple.\n        # Don't mess with the legacy api, since it's frozen.\n        if not is_ifd and (\n            (info.length == 1)\n            or self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.BYTE\n            or (info.length is None and len(values) == 1 and not legacy_api)\n        ):\n            # Don't mess with the legacy api, since it's frozen.\n            if legacy_api and self.tagtype[tag] in [\n                TiffTags.RATIONAL,\n                TiffTags.SIGNED_RATIONAL,\n            ]:  # rationals\n                values = (values,)\n            try:\n                (dest[tag],) = values\n            except ValueError:\n                # We've got a builtin tag with 1 expected entry\n                warnings.warn(\n                    f\"Metadata Warning, tag {tag} had too many entries: \"\n                    f\"{len(values)}, expected 1\"\n                )\n                dest[tag] = values[0]\n\n        else:\n            # Spec'd length > 1 or undefined\n            # Unspec'd, and length > 1\n            dest[tag] = values\n\n    def __delitem__(self, tag):\n        self._tags_v2.pop(tag, None)\n        self._tags_v1.pop(tag, None)\n        self._tagdata.pop(tag, None)\n\n    def __iter__(self):\n        return iter(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v2))\n\n    def _unpack(self, fmt, data):\n        return struct.unpack(self._endian + fmt, data)\n\n    def _pack(self, fmt, *values):\n        return struct.pack(self._endian + fmt, *values)\n\n    def _register_loader(idx, size):\n        def decorator(func):\n            from .TiffTags import TYPES\n\n            if func.__name__.startswith(\"load_\"):\n                TYPES[idx] = func.__name__[5:].replace(\"_\", \" \")\n            _load_dispatch[idx] = size, func  # noqa: F821\n            return func\n\n        return decorator\n\n    def _register_writer(idx):\n        def decorator(func):\n            _write_dispatch[idx] = func  # noqa: F821\n            return func\n\n        return decorator\n\n    def _register_basic(idx_fmt_name):\n        from .TiffTags import TYPES\n\n        idx, fmt, name = idx_fmt_name\n        TYPES[idx] = name\n        size = struct.calcsize(\"=\" + fmt)\n        _load_dispatch[idx] = (  # noqa: F821\n            size,\n            lambda self, data, legacy_api=True: (\n                self._unpack(f\"{len(data) // size}{fmt}\", data)\n            ),\n        )\n        _write_dispatch[idx] = lambda self, *values: (  # noqa: F821\n            b\"\".join(self._pack(fmt, value) for value in values)\n        )\n\n    list(\n        map(\n            _register_basic,\n            [\n                (TiffTags.SHORT, \"H\", \"short\"),\n                (TiffTags.LONG, \"L\", \"long\"),\n                (TiffTags.SIGNED_BYTE, \"b\", \"signed byte\"),\n                (TiffTags.SIGNED_SHORT, \"h\", \"signed short\"),\n                (TiffTags.SIGNED_LONG, \"l\", \"signed long\"),\n                (TiffTags.FLOAT, \"f\", \"float\"),\n                (TiffTags.DOUBLE, \"d\", \"double\"),\n                (TiffTags.IFD, \"L\", \"long\"),\n                (TiffTags.LONG8, \"Q\", \"long8\"),\n            ],\n        )\n    )\n\n    @_register_loader(1, 1)  # Basic type, except for the legacy API.\n    def load_byte(self, data, legacy_api=True):\n        return data\n\n    @_register_writer(1)  # Basic type, except for the legacy API.\n    def write_byte(self, data):\n        if isinstance(data, IFDRational):\n            data = int(data)\n        if isinstance(data, int):\n            data = bytes((data,))\n        return data\n\n    @_register_loader(2, 1)\n    def load_string(self, data, legacy_api=True):\n        if data.endswith(b\"\\0\"):\n            data = data[:-1]\n        return data.decode(\"latin-1\", \"replace\")\n\n    @_register_writer(2)\n    def write_string(self, value):\n        # remerge of https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pull/1416\n        if isinstance(value, int):\n            value = str(value)\n        if not isinstance(value, bytes):\n            value = value.encode(\"ascii\", \"replace\")\n        return value + b\"\\0\"\n\n    @_register_loader(5, 8)\n    def load_rational(self, data, legacy_api=True):\n        vals = self._unpack(f\"{len(data) // 4}L\", data)\n\n        def combine(a, b):\n            return (a, b) if legacy_api else IFDRational(a, b)\n\n        return tuple(combine(num, denom) for num, denom in zip(vals[::2], vals[1::2]))\n\n    @_register_writer(5)\n    def write_rational(self, *values):\n        return b\"\".join(\n            self._pack(\"2L\", *_limit_rational(frac, 2**32 - 1)) for frac in values\n        )\n\n    @_register_loader(7, 1)\n    def load_undefined(self, data, legacy_api=True):\n        return data\n\n    @_register_writer(7)\n    def write_undefined(self, value):\n        if isinstance(value, int):\n            value = str(value).encode(\"ascii\", \"replace\")\n        return value\n\n    @_register_loader(10, 8)\n    def load_signed_rational(self, data, legacy_api=True):\n        vals = self._unpack(f\"{len(data) // 4}l\", data)\n\n        def combine(a, b):\n            return (a, b) if legacy_api else IFDRational(a, b)\n\n        return tuple(combine(num, denom) for num, denom in zip(vals[::2], vals[1::2]))\n\n    @_register_writer(10)\n    def write_signed_rational(self, *values):\n        return b\"\".join(\n            self._pack(\"2l\", *_limit_signed_rational(frac, 2**31 - 1, -(2**31)))\n            for frac in values\n        )\n\n    def _ensure_read(self, fp, size):\n        ret = fp.read(size)\n        if len(ret) != size:\n            msg = (\n                \"Corrupt EXIF data.  \"\n                f\"Expecting to read {size} bytes but only got {len(ret)}. \"\n            )\n            raise OSError(msg)\n        return ret\n\n    def load(self, fp):\n        self.reset()\n        self._offset = fp.tell()\n\n        try:\n            tag_count = (\n                self._unpack(\"Q\", self._ensure_read(fp, 8))\n                if self._bigtiff\n                else self._unpack(\"H\", self._ensure_read(fp, 2))\n            )[0]\n            for i in range(tag_count):\n                tag, typ, count, data = (\n                    self._unpack(\"HHQ8s\", self._ensure_read(fp, 20))\n                    if self._bigtiff\n                    else self._unpack(\"HHL4s\", self._ensure_read(fp, 12))\n                )\n\n                tagname = TiffTags.lookup(tag, self.group).name\n                typname = TYPES.get(typ, \"unknown\")\n                msg = f\"tag: {tagname} ({tag}) - type: {typname} ({typ})\"\n\n                try:\n                    unit_size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]\n                except KeyError:\n                    logger.debug(\"%s - unsupported type %s\", msg, typ)\n                    continue  # ignore unsupported type\n                size = count * unit_size\n                if size > (8 if self._bigtiff else 4):\n                    here = fp.tell()\n                    (offset,) = self._unpack(\"Q\" if self._bigtiff else \"L\", data)\n                    msg += f\" Tag Location: {here} - Data Location: {offset}\"\n                    fp.seek(offset)\n                    data = ImageFile._safe_read(fp, size)\n                    fp.seek(here)\n                else:\n                    data = data[:size]\n\n                if len(data) != size:\n                    warnings.warn(\n                        \"Possibly corrupt EXIF data.  \"\n                        f\"Expecting to read {size} bytes but only got {len(data)}.\"\n                        f\" Skipping tag {tag}\"\n                    )\n                    logger.debug(msg)\n                    continue\n\n                if not data:\n                    logger.debug(msg)\n                    continue\n\n                self._tagdata[tag] = data\n                self.tagtype[tag] = typ\n\n                msg += \" - value: \" + (\n                    \"<table: %d bytes>\" % size if size > 32 else repr(data)\n                )\n                logger.debug(msg)\n\n            (self.next,) = (\n                self._unpack(\"Q\", self._ensure_read(fp, 8))\n                if self._bigtiff\n                else self._unpack(\"L\", self._ensure_read(fp, 4))\n            )\n        except OSError as msg:\n            warnings.warn(str(msg))\n            return\n\n    def tobytes(self, offset=0):\n        # FIXME What about tagdata?\n        result = self._pack(\"H\", len(self._tags_v2))\n\n        entries = []\n        offset = offset + len(result) + len(self._tags_v2) * 12 + 4\n        stripoffsets = None\n\n        # pass 1: convert tags to binary format\n        # always write tags in ascending order\n        for tag, value in sorted(self._tags_v2.items()):\n            if tag == STRIPOFFSETS:\n                stripoffsets = len(entries)\n            typ = self.tagtype.get(tag)\n            logger.debug(\"Tag %s, Type: %s, Value: %s\", tag, typ, repr(value))\n            is_ifd = typ == TiffTags.LONG and isinstance(value, dict)\n            if is_ifd:\n                if self._endian == \"<\":\n                    ifh = b\"II\\x2A\\x00\\x08\\x00\\x00\\x00\"\n                else:\n                    ifh = b\"MM\\x00\\x2A\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x08\"\n                ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(ifh, group=tag)\n                values = self._tags_v2[tag]\n                for ifd_tag, ifd_value in values.items():\n                    ifd[ifd_tag] = ifd_value\n                data = ifd.tobytes(offset)\n            else:\n                values = value if isinstance(value, tuple) else (value,)\n                data = self._write_dispatch[typ](self, *values)\n\n            tagname = TiffTags.lookup(tag, self.group).name\n            typname = \"ifd\" if is_ifd else TYPES.get(typ, \"unknown\")\n            msg = f\"save: {tagname} ({tag}) - type: {typname} ({typ})\"\n            msg += \" - value: \" + (\n                \"<table: %d bytes>\" % len(data) if len(data) >= 16 else str(values)\n            )\n            logger.debug(msg)\n\n            # count is sum of lengths for string and arbitrary data\n            if is_ifd:\n                count = 1\n            elif typ in [TiffTags.BYTE, TiffTags.ASCII, TiffTags.UNDEFINED]:\n                count = len(data)\n            else:\n                count = len(values)\n            # figure out if data fits into the entry\n            if len(data) <= 4:\n                entries.append((tag, typ, count, data.ljust(4, b\"\\0\"), b\"\"))\n            else:\n                entries.append((tag, typ, count, self._pack(\"L\", offset), data))\n                offset += (len(data) + 1) // 2 * 2  # pad to word\n\n        # update strip offset data to point beyond auxiliary data\n        if stripoffsets is not None:\n            tag, typ, count, value, data = entries[stripoffsets]\n            if data:\n                msg = \"multistrip support not yet implemented\"\n                raise NotImplementedError(msg)\n            value = self._pack(\"L\", self._unpack(\"L\", value)[0] + offset)\n            entries[stripoffsets] = tag, typ, count, value, data\n\n        # pass 2: write entries to file\n        for tag, typ, count, value, data in entries:\n            logger.debug(\"%s %s %s %s %s\", tag, typ, count, repr(value), repr(data))\n            result += self._pack(\"HHL4s\", tag, typ, count, value)\n\n        # -- overwrite here for multi-page --\n        result += b\"\\0\\0\\0\\0\"  # end of entries\n\n        # pass 3: write auxiliary data to file\n        for tag, typ, count, value, data in entries:\n            result += data\n            if len(data) & 1:\n                result += b\"\\0\"\n\n        return result\n\n    def save(self, fp):\n        if fp.tell() == 0:  # skip TIFF header on subsequent pages\n            # tiff header -- PIL always starts the first IFD at offset 8\n            fp.write(self._prefix + self._pack(\"HL\", 42, 8))\n\n        offset = fp.tell()\n        result = self.tobytes(offset)\n        fp.write(result)\n        return offset + len(result)\n\n\nImageFileDirectory_v2._load_dispatch = _load_dispatch\nImageFileDirectory_v2._write_dispatch = _write_dispatch\nfor idx, name in TYPES.items():\n    name = name.replace(\" \", \"_\")\n    setattr(ImageFileDirectory_v2, \"load_\" + name, _load_dispatch[idx][1])\n    setattr(ImageFileDirectory_v2, \"write_\" + name, _write_dispatch[idx])\ndel _load_dispatch, _write_dispatch, idx, name\n\n\n# Legacy ImageFileDirectory support.\nclass ImageFileDirectory_v1(ImageFileDirectory_v2):\n    \"\"\"This class represents the **legacy** interface to a TIFF tag directory.\n\n    Exposes a dictionary interface of the tags in the directory::\n\n        ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v1()\n        ifd[key] = 'Some Data'\n        ifd.tagtype[key] = TiffTags.ASCII\n        print(ifd[key])\n        ('Some Data',)\n\n    Also contains a dictionary of tag types as read from the tiff image file,\n    :attr:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1.tagtype`.\n\n    Values are returned as a tuple.\n\n    ..  deprecated:: 3.0.0\n    \"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):\n        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)\n        self._legacy_api = True\n\n    tags = property(lambda self: self._tags_v1)\n    tagdata = property(lambda self: self._tagdata)\n\n    # defined in ImageFileDirectory_v2\n    tagtype: dict\n    \"\"\"Dictionary of tag types\"\"\"\n\n    @classmethod\n    def from_v2(cls, original):\n        \"\"\"Returns an\n        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`\n        instance with the same data as is contained in the original\n        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2`\n        instance.\n\n        :returns: :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`\n\n        \"\"\"\n\n        ifd = cls(prefix=original.prefix)\n        ifd._tagdata = original._tagdata\n        ifd.tagtype = original.tagtype\n        ifd.next = original.next  # an indicator for multipage tiffs\n        return ifd\n\n    def to_v2(self):\n        \"\"\"Returns an\n        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2`\n        instance with the same data as is contained in the original\n        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`\n        instance.\n\n        :returns: :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2`\n\n        \"\"\"\n\n        ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(prefix=self.prefix)\n        ifd._tagdata = dict(self._tagdata)\n        ifd.tagtype = dict(self.tagtype)\n        ifd._tags_v2 = dict(self._tags_v2)\n        return ifd\n\n    def __contains__(self, tag):\n        return tag in self._tags_v1 or tag in self._tagdata\n\n    def __len__(self):\n        return len(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v1))\n\n    def __iter__(self):\n        return iter(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v1))\n\n    def __setitem__(self, tag, value):\n        for legacy_api in (False, True):\n            self._setitem(tag, value, legacy_api)\n\n    def __getitem__(self, tag):\n        if tag not in self._tags_v1:  # unpack on the fly\n            data = self._tagdata[tag]\n            typ = self.tagtype[tag]\n            size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]\n            for legacy in (False, True):\n                self._setitem(tag, handler(self, data, legacy), legacy)\n        val = self._tags_v1[tag]\n        if not isinstance(val, (tuple, bytes)):\n            val = (val,)\n        return val\n\n\n# undone -- switch this pointer when IFD_LEGACY_API == False\nImageFileDirectory = ImageFileDirectory_v1\n\n\n##\n# Image plugin for TIFF files.\n\n\nclass TiffImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):\n    format = \"TIFF\"\n    format_description = \"Adobe TIFF\"\n    _close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = False\n\n    def __init__(self, fp=None, filename=None):\n        self.tag_v2 = None\n        \"\"\" Image file directory (tag dictionary) \"\"\"\n\n        self.tag = None\n        \"\"\" Legacy tag entries \"\"\"\n\n        super().__init__(fp, filename)\n\n    def _open(self):\n        \"\"\"Open the first image in a TIFF file\"\"\"\n\n        # Header\n        ifh = self.fp.read(8)\n        if ifh[2] == 43:\n            ifh += self.fp.read(8)\n\n        self.tag_v2 = ImageFileDirectory_v2(ifh)\n\n        # legacy IFD entries will be filled in later\n        self.ifd = None\n\n        # setup frame pointers\n        self.__first = self.__next = self.tag_v2.next\n        self.__frame = -1\n        self._fp = self.fp\n        self._frame_pos = []\n        self._n_frames = None\n\n        logger.debug(\"*** TiffImageFile._open ***\")\n        logger.debug(\"- __first: %s\", self.__first)\n        logger.debug(\"- ifh: %s\", repr(ifh))  # Use repr to avoid str(bytes)\n\n        # and load the first frame\n        self._seek(0)\n\n    @property\n    def n_frames(self):\n        if self._n_frames is None:\n            current = self.tell()\n            self._seek(len(self._frame_pos))\n            while self._n_frames is None:\n                self._seek(self.tell() + 1)\n            self.seek(current)\n        return self._n_frames\n\n    def seek(self, frame):\n        \"\"\"Select a given frame as current image\"\"\"\n        if not self._seek_check(frame):\n            return\n        self._seek(frame)\n        # Create a new core image object on second and\n        # subsequent frames in the image. Image may be\n        # different size/mode.\n        Image._decompression_bomb_check(self.size)\n        self.im = Image.core.new(self.mode, self.size)\n\n    def _seek(self, frame):\n        self.fp = self._fp\n\n        # reset buffered io handle in case fp\n        # was passed to libtiff, invalidating the buffer\n        self.fp.tell()\n\n        while len(self._frame_pos) <= frame:\n            if not self.__next:\n                msg = \"no more images in TIFF file\"\n                raise EOFError(msg)\n            logger.debug(\n                \"Seeking to frame %s, on frame %s, __next %s, location: %s\",\n                frame,\n                self.__frame,\n                self.__next,\n                self.fp.tell(),\n            )\n            self.fp.seek(self.__next)\n            self._frame_pos.append(self.__next)\n            logger.debug(\"Loading tags, location: %s\", self.fp.tell())\n            self.tag_v2.load(self.fp)\n            if self.tag_v2.next in self._frame_pos:\n                # This IFD has already been processed\n                # Declare this to be the end of the image\n                self.__next = 0\n            else:\n                self.__next = self.tag_v2.next\n            if self.__next == 0:\n                self._n_frames = frame + 1\n            if len(self._frame_pos) == 1:\n                self.is_animated = self.__next != 0\n            self.__frame += 1\n        self.fp.seek(self._frame_pos[frame])\n        self.tag_v2.load(self.fp)\n        self._reload_exif()\n        # fill the legacy tag/ifd entries\n        self.tag = self.ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v1.from_v2(self.tag_v2)\n        self.__frame = frame\n        self._setup()\n\n    def tell(self):\n        \"\"\"Return the current frame number\"\"\"\n        return self.__frame\n\n    def getxmp(self):\n        \"\"\"\n        Returns a dictionary containing the XMP tags.\n        Requires defusedxml to be installed.\n\n        :returns: XMP tags in a dictionary.\n        \"\"\"\n        return self._getxmp(self.tag_v2[XMP]) if XMP in self.tag_v2 else {}\n\n    def get_photoshop_blocks(self):\n        \"\"\"\n        Returns a dictionary of Photoshop \"Image Resource Blocks\".\n        The keys are the image resource ID. For more information, see\n        https://www.adobe.com/devnet-apps/photoshop/fileformatashtml/#50577409_pgfId-1037727\n\n        :returns: Photoshop \"Image Resource Blocks\" in a dictionary.\n        \"\"\"\n        blocks = {}\n        val = self.tag_v2.get(ExifTags.Base.ImageResources)\n        if val:\n            while val[:4] == b\"8BIM\":\n                id = i16(val[4:6])\n                n = math.ceil((val[6] + 1) / 2) * 2\n                size = i32(val[6 + n : 10 + n])\n                data = val[10 + n : 10 + n + size]\n                blocks[id] = {\"data\": data}\n\n                val = val[math.ceil((10 + n + size) / 2) * 2 :]\n        return blocks\n\n    def load(self):\n        if self.tile and self.use_load_libtiff:\n            return self._load_libtiff()\n        return super().load()\n\n    def load_end(self):\n        # allow closing if we're on the first frame, there's no next\n        # This is the ImageFile.load path only, libtiff specific below.\n        if not self.is_animated:\n            self._close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = True\n\n            # reset buffered io handle in case fp\n            # was passed to libtiff, invalidating the buffer\n            self.fp.tell()\n\n            # load IFD data from fp before it is closed\n            exif = self.getexif()\n            for key in TiffTags.TAGS_V2_GROUPS:\n                if key not in exif:\n                    continue\n                exif.get_ifd(key)\n\n        ImageOps.exif_transpose(self, in_place=True)\n        if ExifTags.Base.Orientation in self.tag_v2:\n            del self.tag_v2[ExifTags.Base.Orientation]\n\n    def _load_libtiff(self):\n        \"\"\"Overload method triggered when we detect a compressed tiff\n        Calls out to libtiff\"\"\"\n\n        Image.Image.load(self)\n\n        self.load_prepare()\n\n        if not len(self.tile) == 1:\n            msg = \"Not exactly one tile\"\n            raise OSError(msg)\n\n        # (self._compression, (extents tuple),\n        #   0, (rawmode, self._compression, fp))\n        extents = self.tile[0][1]\n        args = list(self.tile[0][3])\n\n        # To be nice on memory footprint, if there's a\n        # file descriptor, use that instead of reading\n        # into a string in python.\n        try:\n            fp = hasattr(self.fp, \"fileno\") and self.fp.fileno()\n            # flush the file descriptor, prevents error on pypy 2.4+\n            # should also eliminate the need for fp.tell\n            # in _seek\n            if hasattr(self.fp, \"flush\"):\n                self.fp.flush()\n        except OSError:\n            # io.BytesIO have a fileno, but returns an OSError if\n            # it doesn't use a file descriptor.\n            fp = False\n\n        if fp:\n            args[2] = fp\n\n        decoder = Image._getdecoder(\n            self.mode, \"libtiff\", tuple(args), self.decoderconfig\n        )\n        try:\n            decoder.setimage(self.im, extents)\n        except ValueError as e:\n            msg = \"Couldn't set the image\"\n            raise OSError(msg) from e\n\n        close_self_fp = self._exclusive_fp and not self.is_animated\n        if hasattr(self.fp, \"getvalue\"):\n            # We've got a stringio like thing passed in. Yay for all in memory.\n            # The decoder needs the entire file in one shot, so there's not\n            # a lot we can do here other than give it the entire file.\n            # unless we could do something like get the address of the\n            # underlying string for stringio.\n            #\n            # Rearranging for supporting byteio items, since they have a fileno\n            # that returns an OSError if there's no underlying fp. Easier to\n            # deal with here by reordering.\n            logger.debug(\"have getvalue. just sending in a string from getvalue\")\n            n, err = decoder.decode(self.fp.getvalue())\n        elif fp:\n            # we've got a actual file on disk, pass in the fp.\n            logger.debug(\"have fileno, calling fileno version of the decoder.\")\n            if not close_self_fp:\n                self.fp.seek(0)\n            # 4 bytes, otherwise the trace might error out\n            n, err = decoder.decode(b\"fpfp\")\n        else:\n            # we have something else.\n            logger.debug(\"don't have fileno or getvalue. just reading\")\n            self.fp.seek(0)\n            # UNDONE -- so much for that buffer size thing.\n            n, err = decoder.decode(self.fp.read())\n\n        self.tile = []\n        self.readonly = 0\n\n        self.load_end()\n\n        if close_self_fp:\n            self.fp.close()\n            self.fp = None  # might be shared\n\n        if err < 0:\n            raise OSError(err)\n\n        return Image.Image.load(self)\n\n    def _setup(self):\n        \"\"\"Setup this image object based on current tags\"\"\"\n\n        if 0xBC01 in self.tag_v2:\n            msg = \"Windows Media Photo files not yet supported\"\n            raise OSError(msg)\n\n        # extract relevant tags\n        self._compression = COMPRESSION_INFO[self.tag_v2.get(COMPRESSION, 1)]\n        self._planar_configuration = self.tag_v2.get(PLANAR_CONFIGURATION, 1)\n\n        # photometric is a required tag, but not everyone is reading\n        # the specification\n        photo = self.tag_v2.get(PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION, 0)\n\n        # old style jpeg compression images most certainly are YCbCr\n        if self._compression == \"tiff_jpeg\":\n            photo = 6\n\n        fillorder = self.tag_v2.get(FILLORDER, 1)\n\n        logger.debug(\"*** Summary ***\")\n        logger.debug(\"- compression: %s\", self._compression)\n        logger.debug(\"- photometric_interpretation: %s\", photo)\n        logger.debug(\"- planar_configuration: %s\", self._planar_configuration)\n        logger.debug(\"- fill_order: %s\", fillorder)\n        logger.debug(\"- YCbCr subsampling: %s\", self.tag.get(YCBCRSUBSAMPLING))\n\n        # size\n        xsize = int(self.tag_v2.get(IMAGEWIDTH))\n        ysize = int(self.tag_v2.get(IMAGELENGTH))\n        self._size = xsize, ysize\n\n        logger.debug(\"- size: %s\", self.size)\n\n        sample_format = self.tag_v2.get(SAMPLEFORMAT, (1,))\n        if len(sample_format) > 1 and max(sample_format) == min(sample_format) == 1:\n            # SAMPLEFORMAT is properly per band, so an RGB image will\n            # be (1,1,1).  But, we don't support per band pixel types,\n            # and anything more than one band is a uint8. So, just\n            # take the first element. Revisit this if adding support\n            # for more exotic images.\n            sample_format = (1,)\n\n        bps_tuple = self.tag_v2.get(BITSPERSAMPLE, (1,))\n        extra_tuple = self.tag_v2.get(EXTRASAMPLES, ())\n        if photo in (2, 6, 8):  # RGB, YCbCr, LAB\n            bps_count = 3\n        elif photo == 5:  # CMYK\n            bps_count = 4\n        else:\n            bps_count = 1\n        bps_count += len(extra_tuple)\n        bps_actual_count = len(bps_tuple)\n        samples_per_pixel = self.tag_v2.get(\n            SAMPLESPERPIXEL,\n            3 if self._compression == \"tiff_jpeg\" and photo in (2, 6) else 1,\n        )\n\n        if samples_per_pixel > MAX_SAMPLESPERPIXEL:\n            # DOS check, samples_per_pixel can be a Long, and we extend the tuple below\n            logger.error(\n                \"More samples per pixel than can be decoded: %s\", samples_per_pixel\n            )\n            msg = \"Invalid value for samples per pixel\"\n            raise SyntaxError(msg)\n\n        if samples_per_pixel < bps_actual_count:\n            # If a file has more values in bps_tuple than expected,\n            # remove the excess.\n            bps_tuple = bps_tuple[:samples_per_pixel]\n        elif samples_per_pixel > bps_actual_count and bps_actual_count == 1:\n            # If a file has only one value in bps_tuple, when it should have more,\n            # presume it is the same number of bits for all of the samples.\n            bps_tuple = bps_tuple * samples_per_pixel\n\n        if len(bps_tuple) != samples_per_pixel:\n            msg = \"unknown data organization\"\n            raise SyntaxError(msg)\n\n        # mode: check photometric interpretation and bits per pixel\n        key = (\n            self.tag_v2.prefix,\n            photo,\n            sample_format,\n            fillorder,\n            bps_tuple,\n            extra_tuple,\n        )\n        logger.debug(\"format key: %s\", key)\n        try:\n            self._mode, rawmode = OPEN_INFO[key]\n        except KeyError as e:\n            logger.debug(\"- unsupported format\")\n            msg = \"unknown pixel mode\"\n            raise SyntaxError(msg) from e\n\n        logger.debug(\"- raw mode: %s\", rawmode)\n        logger.debug(\"- pil mode: %s\", self.mode)\n\n        self.info[\"compression\"] = self._compression\n\n        xres = self.tag_v2.get(X_RESOLUTION, 1)\n        yres = self.tag_v2.get(Y_RESOLUTION, 1)\n\n        if xres and yres:\n            resunit = self.tag_v2.get(RESOLUTION_UNIT)\n            if resunit == 2:  # dots per inch\n                self.info[\"dpi\"] = (xres, yres)\n            elif resunit == 3:  # dots per centimeter. convert to dpi\n                self.info[\"dpi\"] = (xres * 2.54, yres * 2.54)\n            elif resunit is None:  # used to default to 1, but now 2)\n                self.info[\"dpi\"] = (xres, yres)\n                # For backward compatibility,\n                # we also preserve the old behavior\n                self.info[\"resolution\"] = xres, yres\n            else:  # No absolute unit of measurement\n                self.info[\"resolution\"] = xres, yres\n\n        # build tile descriptors\n        x = y = layer = 0\n        self.tile = []\n        self.use_load_libtiff = READ_LIBTIFF or self._compression != \"raw\"\n        if self.use_load_libtiff:\n            # Decoder expects entire file as one tile.\n            # There's a buffer size limit in load (64k)\n            # so large g4 images will fail if we use that\n            # function.\n            #\n            # Setup the one tile for the whole image, then\n            # use the _load_libtiff function.\n\n            # libtiff handles the fillmode for us, so 1;IR should\n            # actually be 1;I. Including the R double reverses the\n            # bits, so stripes of the image are reversed.  See\n            # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/279\n            if fillorder == 2:\n                # Replace fillorder with fillorder=1\n                key = key[:3] + (1,) + key[4:]\n                logger.debug(\"format key: %s\", key)\n                # this should always work, since all the\n                # fillorder==2 modes have a corresponding\n                # fillorder=1 mode\n                self._mode, rawmode = OPEN_INFO[key]\n            # libtiff always returns the bytes in native order.\n            # we're expecting image byte order. So, if the rawmode\n            # contains I;16, we need to convert from native to image\n            # byte order.\n            if rawmode == \"I;16\":\n                rawmode = \"I;16N\"\n            if \";16B\" in rawmode:\n                rawmode = rawmode.replace(\";16B\", \";16N\")\n            if \";16L\" in rawmode:\n                rawmode = rawmode.replace(\";16L\", \";16N\")\n\n            # YCbCr images with new jpeg compression with pixels in one plane\n            # unpacked straight into RGB values\n            if (\n                photo == 6\n                and self._compression == \"jpeg\"\n                and self._planar_configuration == 1\n            ):\n                rawmode = \"RGB\"\n\n            # Offset in the tile tuple is 0, we go from 0,0 to\n            # w,h, and we only do this once -- eds\n            a = (rawmode, self._compression, False, self.tag_v2.offset)\n            self.tile.append((\"libtiff\", (0, 0, xsize, ysize), 0, a))\n\n        elif STRIPOFFSETS in self.tag_v2 or TILEOFFSETS in self.tag_v2:\n            # striped image\n            if STRIPOFFSETS in self.tag_v2:\n                offsets = self.tag_v2[STRIPOFFSETS]\n                h = self.tag_v2.get(ROWSPERSTRIP, ysize)\n                w = self.size[0]\n            else:\n                # tiled image\n                offsets = self.tag_v2[TILEOFFSETS]\n                w = self.tag_v2.get(TILEWIDTH)\n                h = self.tag_v2.get(TILELENGTH)\n\n            for offset in offsets:\n                if x + w > xsize:\n                    stride = w * sum(bps_tuple) / 8  # bytes per line\n                else:\n                    stride = 0\n\n                tile_rawmode = rawmode\n                if self._planar_configuration == 2:\n                    # each band on it's own layer\n                    tile_rawmode = rawmode[layer]\n                    # adjust stride width accordingly\n                    stride /= bps_count\n\n                a = (tile_rawmode, int(stride), 1)\n                self.tile.append(\n                    (\n                        self._compression,\n                        (x, y, min(x + w, xsize), min(y + h, ysize)),\n                        offset,\n                        a,\n                    )\n                )\n                x = x + w\n                if x >= self.size[0]:\n                    x, y = 0, y + h\n                    if y >= self.size[1]:\n                        x = y = 0\n                        layer += 1\n        else:\n            logger.debug(\"- unsupported data organization\")\n            msg = \"unknown data organization\"\n            raise SyntaxError(msg)\n\n        # Fix up info.\n        if ICCPROFILE in self.tag_v2:\n            self.info[\"icc_profile\"] = self.tag_v2[ICCPROFILE]\n\n        # fixup palette descriptor\n\n        if self.mode in [\"P\", \"PA\"]:\n            palette = [o8(b // 256) for b in self.tag_v2[COLORMAP]]\n            self.palette = ImagePalette.raw(\"RGB;L\", b\"\".join(palette))\n\n\n#\n# --------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Write TIFF files\n\n# little endian is default except for image modes with\n# explicit big endian byte-order\n\nSAVE_INFO = {\n    # mode => rawmode, byteorder, photometrics,\n    #           sampleformat, bitspersample, extra\n    \"1\": (\"1\", II, 1, 1, (1,), None),\n    \"L\": (\"L\", II, 1, 1, (8,), None),\n    \"LA\": (\"LA\", II, 1, 1, (8, 8), 2),\n    \"P\": (\"P\", II, 3, 1, (8,), None),\n    \"PA\": (\"PA\", II, 3, 1, (8, 8), 2),\n    \"I\": (\"I;32S\", II, 1, 2, (32,), None),\n    \"I;16\": (\"I;16\", II, 1, 1, (16,), None),\n    \"I;16S\": (\"I;16S\", II, 1, 2, (16,), None),\n    \"F\": (\"F;32F\", II, 1, 3, (32,), None),\n    \"RGB\": (\"RGB\", II, 2, 1, (8, 8, 8), None),\n    \"RGBX\": (\"RGBX\", II, 2, 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), 0),\n    \"RGBA\": (\"RGBA\", II, 2, 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), 2),\n    \"CMYK\": (\"CMYK\", II, 5, 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), None),\n    \"YCbCr\": (\"YCbCr\", II, 6, 1, (8, 8, 8), None),\n    \"LAB\": (\"LAB\", II, 8, 1, (8, 8, 8), None),\n    \"I;32BS\": (\"I;32BS\", MM, 1, 2, (32,), None),\n    \"I;16B\": (\"I;16B\", MM, 1, 1, (16,), None),\n    \"I;16BS\": (\"I;16BS\", MM, 1, 2, (16,), None),\n    \"F;32BF\": (\"F;32BF\", MM, 1, 3, (32,), None),\n}\n\n\ndef _save(im, fp, filename):\n    try:\n        rawmode, prefix, photo, format, bits, extra = SAVE_INFO[im.mode]\n    except KeyError as e:\n        msg = f\"cannot write mode {im.mode} as TIFF\"\n        raise OSError(msg) from e\n\n    ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(prefix=prefix)\n\n    encoderinfo = im.encoderinfo\n    encoderconfig = im.encoderconfig\n    try:\n        compression = encoderinfo[\"compression\"]\n    except KeyError:\n        compression = im.info.get(\"compression\")\n        if isinstance(compression, int):\n            # compression value may be from BMP. Ignore it\n            compression = None\n    if compression is None:\n        compression = \"raw\"\n    elif compression == \"tiff_jpeg\":\n        # OJPEG is obsolete, so use new-style JPEG compression instead\n        compression = \"jpeg\"\n    elif compression == \"tiff_deflate\":\n        compression = \"tiff_adobe_deflate\"\n\n    libtiff = WRITE_LIBTIFF or compression != \"raw\"\n\n    # required for color libtiff images\n    ifd[PLANAR_CONFIGURATION] = 1\n\n    ifd[IMAGEWIDTH] = im.size[0]\n    ifd[IMAGELENGTH] = im.size[1]\n\n    # write any arbitrary tags passed in as an ImageFileDirectory\n    if \"tiffinfo\" in encoderinfo:\n        info = encoderinfo[\"tiffinfo\"]\n    elif \"exif\" in encoderinfo:\n        info = encoderinfo[\"exif\"]\n        if isinstance(info, bytes):\n            exif = Image.Exif()\n            exif.load(info)\n            info = exif\n    else:\n        info = {}\n    logger.debug(\"Tiffinfo Keys: %s\", list(info))\n    if isinstance(info, ImageFileDirectory_v1):\n        info = info.to_v2()\n    for key in info:\n        if isinstance(info, Image.Exif) and key in TiffTags.TAGS_V2_GROUPS:\n            ifd[key] = info.get_ifd(key)\n        else:\n            ifd[key] = info.get(key)\n        try:\n            ifd.tagtype[key] = info.tagtype[key]\n        except Exception:\n            pass  # might not be an IFD. Might not have populated type\n\n    # additions written by Greg Couch, gregc@cgl.ucsf.edu\n    # inspired by image-sig posting from Kevin Cazabon, kcazabon@home.com\n    if hasattr(im, \"tag_v2\"):\n        # preserve tags from original TIFF image file\n        for key in (\n            RESOLUTION_UNIT,\n            X_RESOLUTION,\n            Y_RESOLUTION,\n            IPTC_NAA_CHUNK,\n            PHOTOSHOP_CHUNK,\n            XMP,\n        ):\n            if key in im.tag_v2:\n                ifd[key] = im.tag_v2[key]\n                ifd.tagtype[key] = im.tag_v2.tagtype[key]\n\n    # preserve ICC profile (should also work when saving other formats\n    # which support profiles as TIFF) -- 2008-06-06 Florian Hoech\n    icc = encoderinfo.get(\"icc_profile\", im.info.get(\"icc_profile\"))\n    if icc:\n        ifd[ICCPROFILE] = icc\n\n    for key, name in [\n        (IMAGEDESCRIPTION, \"description\"),\n        (X_RESOLUTION, \"resolution\"),\n        (Y_RESOLUTION, \"resolution\"),\n        (X_RESOLUTION, \"x_resolution\"),\n        (Y_RESOLUTION, \"y_resolution\"),\n        (RESOLUTION_UNIT, \"resolution_unit\"),\n        (SOFTWARE, \"software\"),\n        (DATE_TIME, \"date_time\"),\n        (ARTIST, \"artist\"),\n        (COPYRIGHT, \"copyright\"),\n    ]:\n        if name in encoderinfo:\n            ifd[key] = encoderinfo[name]\n\n    dpi = encoderinfo.get(\"dpi\")\n    if dpi:\n        ifd[RESOLUTION_UNIT] = 2\n        ifd[X_RESOLUTION] = dpi[0]\n        ifd[Y_RESOLUTION] = dpi[1]\n\n    if bits != (1,):\n        ifd[BITSPERSAMPLE] = bits\n        if len(bits) != 1:\n            ifd[SAMPLESPERPIXEL] = len(bits)\n    if extra is not None:\n        ifd[EXTRASAMPLES] = extra\n    if format != 1:\n        ifd[SAMPLEFORMAT] = format\n\n    if PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION not in ifd:\n        ifd[PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION] = photo\n    elif im.mode in (\"1\", \"L\") and ifd[PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION] == 0:\n        if im.mode == \"1\":\n            inverted_im = im.copy()\n            px = inverted_im.load()\n            for y in range(inverted_im.height):\n                for x in range(inverted_im.width):\n                    px[x, y] = 0 if px[x, y] == 255 else 255\n            im = inverted_im\n        else:\n            im = ImageOps.invert(im)\n\n    if im.mode in [\"P\", \"PA\"]:\n        lut = im.im.getpalette(\"RGB\", \"RGB;L\")\n        colormap = []\n        colors = len(lut) // 3\n        for i in range(3):\n            colormap += [v * 256 for v in lut[colors * i : colors * (i + 1)]]\n            colormap += [0] * (256 - colors)\n        ifd[COLORMAP] = colormap\n    # data orientation\n    stride = len(bits) * ((im.size[0] * bits[0] + 7) // 8)\n    if ROWSPERSTRIP not in ifd:\n        # aim for given strip size (64 KB by default) when using libtiff writer\n        if libtiff:\n            im_strip_size = encoderinfo.get(\"strip_size\", STRIP_SIZE)\n            rows_per_strip = (\n                1 if stride == 0 else min(im_strip_size // stride, im.size[1])\n            )\n            # JPEG encoder expects multiple of 8 rows\n            if compression == \"jpeg\":\n                rows_per_strip = min(((rows_per_strip + 7) // 8) * 8, im.size[1])\n        else:\n            rows_per_strip = im.size[1]\n        if rows_per_strip == 0:\n            rows_per_strip = 1\n        ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP] = rows_per_strip\n    strip_byte_counts = 1 if stride == 0 else stride * ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP]\n    strips_per_image = (im.size[1] + ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP] - 1) // ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP]\n    if strip_byte_counts >= 2**16:\n        ifd.tagtype[STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = TiffTags.LONG\n    ifd[STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = (strip_byte_counts,) * (strips_per_image - 1) + (\n        stride * im.size[1] - strip_byte_counts * (strips_per_image - 1),\n    )\n    ifd[STRIPOFFSETS] = tuple(\n        range(0, strip_byte_counts * strips_per_image, strip_byte_counts)\n    )  # this is adjusted by IFD writer\n    # no compression by default:\n    ifd[COMPRESSION] = COMPRESSION_INFO_REV.get(compression, 1)\n\n    if im.mode == \"YCbCr\":\n        for tag, value in {\n            YCBCRSUBSAMPLING: (1, 1),\n            REFERENCEBLACKWHITE: (0, 255, 128, 255, 128, 255),\n        }.items():\n            ifd.setdefault(tag, value)\n\n    blocklist = [TILEWIDTH, TILELENGTH, TILEOFFSETS, TILEBYTECOUNTS]\n    if libtiff:\n        if \"quality\" in encoderinfo:\n            quality = encoderinfo[\"quality\"]\n            if not isinstance(quality, int) or quality < 0 or quality > 100:\n                msg = \"Invalid quality setting\"\n                raise ValueError(msg)\n            if compression != \"jpeg\":\n                msg = \"quality setting only supported for 'jpeg' compression\"\n                raise ValueError(msg)\n            ifd[JPEGQUALITY] = quality\n\n        logger.debug(\"Saving using libtiff encoder\")\n        logger.debug(\"Items: %s\", sorted(ifd.items()))\n        _fp = 0\n        if hasattr(fp, \"fileno\"):\n            try:\n                fp.seek(0)\n                _fp = os.dup(fp.fileno())\n            except io.UnsupportedOperation:\n                pass\n\n        # optional types for non core tags\n        types = {}\n        # STRIPOFFSETS and STRIPBYTECOUNTS are added by the library\n        # based on the data in the strip.\n        # The other tags expect arrays with a certain length (fixed or depending on\n        # BITSPERSAMPLE, etc), passing arrays with a different length will result in\n        # segfaults. Block these tags until we add extra validation.\n        # SUBIFD may also cause a segfault.\n        blocklist += [\n            REFERENCEBLACKWHITE,\n            STRIPBYTECOUNTS,\n            STRIPOFFSETS,\n            TRANSFERFUNCTION,\n            SUBIFD,\n        ]\n\n        # bits per sample is a single short in the tiff directory, not a list.\n        atts = {BITSPERSAMPLE: bits[0]}\n        # Merge the ones that we have with (optional) more bits from\n        # the original file, e.g x,y resolution so that we can\n        # save(load('')) == original file.\n        legacy_ifd = {}\n        if hasattr(im, \"tag\"):\n            legacy_ifd = im.tag.to_v2()\n\n        # SAMPLEFORMAT is determined by the image format and should not be copied\n        # from legacy_ifd.\n        supplied_tags = {**getattr(im, \"tag_v2\", {}), **legacy_ifd}\n        if SAMPLEFORMAT in supplied_tags:\n            del supplied_tags[SAMPLEFORMAT]\n\n        for tag, value in itertools.chain(ifd.items(), supplied_tags.items()):\n            # Libtiff can only process certain core items without adding\n            # them to the custom dictionary.\n            # Custom items are supported for int, float, unicode, string and byte\n            # values. Other types and tuples require a tagtype.\n            if tag not in TiffTags.LIBTIFF_CORE:\n                if not getattr(Image.core, \"libtiff_support_custom_tags\", False):\n                    continue\n\n                if tag in ifd.tagtype:\n                    types[tag] = ifd.tagtype[tag]\n                elif not (isinstance(value, (int, float, str, bytes))):\n                    continue\n                else:\n                    type = TiffTags.lookup(tag).type\n                    if type:\n                        types[tag] = type\n            if tag not in atts and tag not in blocklist:\n                if isinstance(value, str):\n                    atts[tag] = value.encode(\"ascii\", \"replace\") + b\"\\0\"\n                elif isinstance(value, IFDRational):\n                    atts[tag] = float(value)\n                else:\n                    atts[tag] = value\n\n        if SAMPLEFORMAT in atts and len(atts[SAMPLEFORMAT]) == 1:\n            atts[SAMPLEFORMAT] = atts[SAMPLEFORMAT][0]\n\n        logger.debug(\"Converted items: %s\", sorted(atts.items()))\n\n        # libtiff always expects the bytes in native order.\n        # we're storing image byte order. So, if the rawmode\n        # contains I;16, we need to convert from native to image\n        # byte order.\n        if im.mode in (\"I;16B\", \"I;16\"):\n            rawmode = \"I;16N\"\n\n        # Pass tags as sorted list so that the tags are set in a fixed order.\n        # This is required by libtiff for some tags. For example, the JPEGQUALITY\n        # pseudo tag requires that the COMPRESS tag was already set.\n        tags = list(atts.items())\n        tags.sort()\n        a = (rawmode, compression, _fp, filename, tags, types)\n        e = Image._getencoder(im.mode, \"libtiff\", a, encoderconfig)\n        e.setimage(im.im, (0, 0) + im.size)\n        while True:\n            # undone, change to self.decodermaxblock:\n            errcode, data = e.encode(16 * 1024)[1:]\n            if not _fp:\n                fp.write(data)\n            if errcode:\n                break\n        if _fp:\n            try:\n                os.close(_fp)\n            except OSError:\n                pass\n        if errcode < 0:\n            msg = f\"encoder error {errcode} when writing image file\"\n            raise OSError(msg)\n\n    else:\n        for tag in blocklist:\n            del ifd[tag]\n        offset = ifd.save(fp)\n\n        ImageFile._save(\n            im, fp, [(\"raw\", (0, 0) + im.size, offset, (rawmode, stride, 1))]\n        )\n\n    # -- helper for multi-page save --\n    if \"_debug_multipage\" in encoderinfo:\n        # just to access o32 and o16 (using correct byte order)\n        im._debug_multipage = ifd\n\n\nclass AppendingTiffWriter:\n    fieldSizes = [\n        0,  # None\n        1,  # byte\n        1,  # ascii\n        2,  # short\n        4,  # long\n        8,  # rational\n        1,  # sbyte\n        1,  # undefined\n        2,  # sshort\n        4,  # slong\n        8,  # srational\n        4,  # float\n        8,  # double\n        4,  # ifd\n        2,  # unicode\n        4,  # complex\n        8,  # long8\n    ]\n\n    Tags = {\n        273,  # StripOffsets\n        288,  # FreeOffsets\n        324,  # TileOffsets\n        519,  # JPEGQTables\n        520,  # JPEGDCTables\n        521,  # JPEGACTables\n    }\n\n    def __init__(self, fn, new=False):\n        if hasattr(fn, \"read\"):\n            self.f = fn\n            self.close_fp = False\n        else:\n            self.name = fn\n            self.close_fp = True\n            try:\n                self.f = open(fn, \"w+b\" if new else \"r+b\")\n            except OSError:\n                self.f = open(fn, \"w+b\")\n        self.beginning = self.f.tell()\n        self.setup()\n\n    def setup(self):\n        # Reset everything.\n        self.f.seek(self.beginning, os.SEEK_SET)\n\n        self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset = None\n        self.offsetOfNewPage = 0\n\n        self.IIMM = iimm = self.f.read(4)\n        if not iimm:\n            # empty file - first page\n            self.isFirst = True\n            return\n\n        self.isFirst = False\n        if iimm == b\"II\\x2a\\x00\":\n            self.setEndian(\"<\")\n        elif iimm == b\"MM\\x00\\x2a\":\n            self.setEndian(\">\")\n        else:\n            msg = \"Invalid TIFF file header\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n        self.skipIFDs()\n        self.goToEnd()\n\n    def finalize(self):\n        if self.isFirst:\n            return\n\n        # fix offsets\n        self.f.seek(self.offsetOfNewPage)\n\n        iimm = self.f.read(4)\n        if not iimm:\n            # Make it easy to finish a frame without committing to a new one.\n            return\n\n        if iimm != self.IIMM:\n            msg = \"IIMM of new page doesn't match IIMM of first page\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n        ifd_offset = self.readLong()\n        ifd_offset += self.offsetOfNewPage\n        self.f.seek(self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset)\n        self.writeLong(ifd_offset)\n        self.f.seek(ifd_offset)\n        self.fixIFD()\n\n    def newFrame(self):\n        # Call this to finish a frame.\n        self.finalize()\n        self.setup()\n\n    def __enter__(self):\n        return self\n\n    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):\n        if self.close_fp:\n            self.close()\n        return False\n\n    def tell(self):\n        return self.f.tell() - self.offsetOfNewPage\n\n    def seek(self, offset, whence=io.SEEK_SET):\n        if whence == os.SEEK_SET:\n            offset += self.offsetOfNewPage\n\n        self.f.seek(offset, whence)\n        return self.tell()\n\n    def goToEnd(self):\n        self.f.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)\n        pos = self.f.tell()\n\n        # pad to 16 byte boundary\n        pad_bytes = 16 - pos % 16\n        if 0 < pad_bytes < 16:\n            self.f.write(bytes(pad_bytes))\n        self.offsetOfNewPage = self.f.tell()\n\n    def setEndian(self, endian):\n        self.endian = endian\n        self.longFmt = self.endian + \"L\"\n        self.shortFmt = self.endian + \"H\"\n        self.tagFormat = self.endian + \"HHL\"\n\n    def skipIFDs(self):\n        while True:\n            ifd_offset = self.readLong()\n            if ifd_offset == 0:\n                self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset = self.f.tell() - 4\n                break\n\n            self.f.seek(ifd_offset)\n            num_tags = self.readShort()\n            self.f.seek(num_tags * 12, os.SEEK_CUR)\n\n    def write(self, data):\n        return self.f.write(data)\n\n    def readShort(self):\n        (value,) = struct.unpack(self.shortFmt, self.f.read(2))\n        return value\n\n    def readLong(self):\n        (value,) = struct.unpack(self.longFmt, self.f.read(4))\n        return value\n\n    def rewriteLastShortToLong(self, value):\n        self.f.seek(-2, os.SEEK_CUR)\n        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.longFmt, value))\n        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 4:\n            msg = f\"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 4\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n    def rewriteLastShort(self, value):\n        self.f.seek(-2, os.SEEK_CUR)\n        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.shortFmt, value))\n        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 2:\n            msg = f\"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 2\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n    def rewriteLastLong(self, value):\n        self.f.seek(-4, os.SEEK_CUR)\n        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.longFmt, value))\n        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 4:\n            msg = f\"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 4\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n    def writeShort(self, value):\n        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.shortFmt, value))\n        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 2:\n            msg = f\"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 2\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n    def writeLong(self, value):\n        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.longFmt, value))\n        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 4:\n            msg = f\"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 4\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n    def close(self):\n        self.finalize()\n        self.f.close()\n\n    def fixIFD(self):\n        num_tags = self.readShort()\n\n        for i in range(num_tags):\n            tag, field_type, count = struct.unpack(self.tagFormat, self.f.read(8))\n\n            field_size = self.fieldSizes[field_type]\n            total_size = field_size * count\n            is_local = total_size <= 4\n            if not is_local:\n                offset = self.readLong()\n                offset += self.offsetOfNewPage\n                self.rewriteLastLong(offset)\n\n            if tag in self.Tags:\n                cur_pos = self.f.tell()\n\n                if is_local:\n                    self.fixOffsets(\n                        count, isShort=(field_size == 2), isLong=(field_size == 4)\n                    )\n                    self.f.seek(cur_pos + 4)\n                else:\n                    self.f.seek(offset)\n                    self.fixOffsets(\n                        count, isShort=(field_size == 2), isLong=(field_size == 4)\n                    )\n                    self.f.seek(cur_pos)\n\n                offset = cur_pos = None\n\n            elif is_local:\n                # skip the locally stored value that is not an offset\n                self.f.seek(4, os.SEEK_CUR)\n\n    def fixOffsets(self, count, isShort=False, isLong=False):\n        if not isShort and not isLong:\n            msg = \"offset is neither short nor long\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n        for i in range(count):\n            offset = self.readShort() if isShort else self.readLong()\n            offset += self.offsetOfNewPage\n            if isShort and offset >= 65536:\n                # offset is now too large - we must convert shorts to longs\n                if count != 1:\n                    msg = \"not implemented\"\n                    raise RuntimeError(msg)  # XXX TODO\n\n                # simple case - the offset is just one and therefore it is\n                # local (not referenced with another offset)\n                self.rewriteLastShortToLong(offset)\n                self.f.seek(-10, os.SEEK_CUR)\n                self.writeShort(TiffTags.LONG)  # rewrite the type to LONG\n                self.f.seek(8, os.SEEK_CUR)\n            elif isShort:\n                self.rewriteLastShort(offset)\n            else:\n                self.rewriteLastLong(offset)\n\n\ndef _save_all(im, fp, filename):\n    encoderinfo = im.encoderinfo.copy()\n    encoderconfig = im.encoderconfig\n    append_images = list(encoderinfo.get(\"append_images\", []))\n    if not hasattr(im, \"n_frames\") and not append_images:\n        return _save(im, fp, filename)\n\n    cur_idx = im.tell()\n    try:\n        with AppendingTiffWriter(fp) as tf:\n            for ims in [im] + append_images:\n                ims.encoderinfo = encoderinfo\n                ims.encoderconfig = encoderconfig\n                if not hasattr(ims, \"n_frames\"):\n                    nfr = 1\n                else:\n                    nfr = ims.n_frames\n\n                for idx in range(nfr):\n                    ims.seek(idx)\n                    ims.load()\n                    _save(ims, tf, filename)\n                    tf.newFrame()\n    finally:\n        im.seek(cur_idx)\n\n\n#\n# --------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Register\n\nImage.register_open(TiffImageFile.format, TiffImageFile, _accept)\nImage.register_save(TiffImageFile.format, _save)\nImage.register_save_all(TiffImageFile.format, _save_all)\n\nImage.register_extensions(TiffImageFile.format, [\".tif\", \".tiff\"])\n\nImage.register_mime(TiffImageFile.format, \"image/tiff\")\n",
            "header": {
                "file": {
                    "path": "src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py"
                },
                "misc_line": null
            },
            "index_line": {
                "old_commit_hash": "fc242ca64",
                "new_commit_hash": "e9db64e5f",
                "mode": "100644"
            },
            "is_binary_file": false,
            "binary_line": null,
            "minus_file": {
                "path": "a/src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py"
            },
            "plus_file": {
                "path": "b/src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py"
            },
            "hunks": [
                {
                    "descriptor": {
                        "old_range": {
                            "start": 1705,
                            "length": 20
                        },
                        "new_range": {
                            "start": 1705,
                            "length": 23
                        },
                        "section": "def _save(im, fp, filename):"
                    },
                    "line_group": {
                        "all_lines": [
                            {
                                "content": "        ifd[COLORMAP] = colormap",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    # data orientation",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    stride = len(bits) * ((im.size[0] * bits[0] + 7) // 8)",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    # aim for given strip size (64 KB by default) when using libtiff writer",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    if libtiff:",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        im_strip_size = encoderinfo.get(\"strip_size\", STRIP_SIZE)",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        rows_per_strip = 1 if stride == 0 else min(im_strip_size // stride, im.size[1])",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        # JPEG encoder expects multiple of 8 rows",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        if compression == \"jpeg\":",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "            rows_per_strip = min(((rows_per_strip + 7) // 8) * 8, im.size[1])",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    else:",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        rows_per_strip = im.size[1]",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    if rows_per_strip == 0:",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        rows_per_strip = 1",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    strip_byte_counts = 1 if stride == 0 else stride * rows_per_strip",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    strips_per_image = (im.size[1] + rows_per_strip - 1) // rows_per_strip",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP] = rows_per_strip",
                                "type": "deleted"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    if ROWSPERSTRIP not in ifd:",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        # aim for given strip size (64 KB by default) when using libtiff writer",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        if libtiff:",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "            im_strip_size = encoderinfo.get(\"strip_size\", STRIP_SIZE)",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "            rows_per_strip = (",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                1 if stride == 0 else min(im_strip_size // stride, im.size[1])",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "            )",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "            # JPEG encoder expects multiple of 8 rows",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "            if compression == \"jpeg\":",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "                rows_per_strip = min(((rows_per_strip + 7) // 8) * 8, im.size[1])",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        else:",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "            rows_per_strip = im.size[1]",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        if rows_per_strip == 0:",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "            rows_per_strip = 1",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP] = rows_per_strip",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    strip_byte_counts = 1 if stride == 0 else stride * ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP]",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    strips_per_image = (im.size[1] + ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP] - 1) // ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP]",
                                "type": "added"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    if strip_byte_counts >= 2**16:",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "        ifd.tagtype[STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = TiffTags.LONG",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "    ifd[STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = (strip_byte_counts,) * (strips_per_image - 1) + (",
                                "type": "context"
                            },
                            {
                                "content": "",
                                "type": "context"
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    "modified_entities": [
                        {
                            "file_name": "src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py",
                            "type": "function",
                            "name": "_save",
                            "content": "def _save(im, fp, filename):\n    try:\n        rawmode, prefix, photo, format, bits, extra = SAVE_INFO[im.mode]\n    except KeyError as e:\n        msg = f\"cannot write mode {im.mode} as TIFF\"\n        raise OSError(msg) from e\n\n    ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(prefix=prefix)\n\n    encoderinfo = im.encoderinfo\n    encoderconfig = im.encoderconfig\n    try:\n        compression = encoderinfo[\"compression\"]\n    except KeyError:\n        compression = im.info.get(\"compression\")\n        if isinstance(compression, int):\n            # compression value may be from BMP. Ignore it\n            compression = None\n    if compression is None:\n        compression = \"raw\"\n    elif compression == \"tiff_jpeg\":\n        # OJPEG is obsolete, so use new-style JPEG compression instead\n        compression = \"jpeg\"\n    elif compression == \"tiff_deflate\":\n        compression = \"tiff_adobe_deflate\"\n\n    libtiff = WRITE_LIBTIFF or compression != \"raw\"\n\n    # required for color libtiff images\n    ifd[PLANAR_CONFIGURATION] = 1\n\n    ifd[IMAGEWIDTH] = im.size[0]\n    ifd[IMAGELENGTH] = im.size[1]\n\n    # write any arbitrary tags passed in as an ImageFileDirectory\n    if \"tiffinfo\" in encoderinfo:\n        info = encoderinfo[\"tiffinfo\"]\n    elif \"exif\" in encoderinfo:\n        info = encoderinfo[\"exif\"]\n        if isinstance(info, bytes):\n            exif = Image.Exif()\n            exif.load(info)\n            info = exif\n    else:\n        info = {}\n    logger.debug(\"Tiffinfo Keys: %s\", list(info))\n    if isinstance(info, ImageFileDirectory_v1):\n        info = info.to_v2()\n    for key in info:\n        if isinstance(info, Image.Exif) and key in TiffTags.TAGS_V2_GROUPS:\n            ifd[key] = info.get_ifd(key)\n        else:\n            ifd[key] = info.get(key)\n        try:\n            ifd.tagtype[key] = info.tagtype[key]\n        except Exception:\n            pass  # might not be an IFD. Might not have populated type\n\n    # additions written by Greg Couch, gregc@cgl.ucsf.edu\n    # inspired by image-sig posting from Kevin Cazabon, kcazabon@home.com\n    if hasattr(im, \"tag_v2\"):\n        # preserve tags from original TIFF image file\n        for key in (\n            RESOLUTION_UNIT,\n            X_RESOLUTION,\n            Y_RESOLUTION,\n            IPTC_NAA_CHUNK,\n            PHOTOSHOP_CHUNK,\n            XMP,\n        ):\n            if key in im.tag_v2:\n                ifd[key] = im.tag_v2[key]\n                ifd.tagtype[key] = im.tag_v2.tagtype[key]\n\n    # preserve ICC profile (should also work when saving other formats\n    # which support profiles as TIFF) -- 2008-06-06 Florian Hoech\n    icc = encoderinfo.get(\"icc_profile\", im.info.get(\"icc_profile\"))\n    if icc:\n        ifd[ICCPROFILE] = icc\n\n    for key, name in [\n        (IMAGEDESCRIPTION, \"description\"),\n        (X_RESOLUTION, \"resolution\"),\n        (Y_RESOLUTION, \"resolution\"),\n        (X_RESOLUTION, \"x_resolution\"),\n        (Y_RESOLUTION, \"y_resolution\"),\n        (RESOLUTION_UNIT, \"resolution_unit\"),\n        (SOFTWARE, \"software\"),\n        (DATE_TIME, \"date_time\"),\n        (ARTIST, \"artist\"),\n        (COPYRIGHT, \"copyright\"),\n    ]:\n        if name in encoderinfo:\n            ifd[key] = encoderinfo[name]\n\n    dpi = encoderinfo.get(\"dpi\")\n    if dpi:\n        ifd[RESOLUTION_UNIT] = 2\n        ifd[X_RESOLUTION] = dpi[0]\n        ifd[Y_RESOLUTION] = dpi[1]\n\n    if bits != (1,):\n        ifd[BITSPERSAMPLE] = bits\n        if len(bits) != 1:\n            ifd[SAMPLESPERPIXEL] = len(bits)\n    if extra is not None:\n        ifd[EXTRASAMPLES] = extra\n    if format != 1:\n        ifd[SAMPLEFORMAT] = format\n\n    if PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION not in ifd:\n        ifd[PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION] = photo\n    elif im.mode in (\"1\", \"L\") and ifd[PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION] == 0:\n        if im.mode == \"1\":\n            inverted_im = im.copy()\n            px = inverted_im.load()\n            for y in range(inverted_im.height):\n                for x in range(inverted_im.width):\n                    px[x, y] = 0 if px[x, y] == 255 else 255\n            im = inverted_im\n        else:\n            im = ImageOps.invert(im)\n\n    if im.mode in [\"P\", \"PA\"]:\n        lut = im.im.getpalette(\"RGB\", \"RGB;L\")\n        colormap = []\n        colors = len(lut) // 3\n        for i in range(3):\n            colormap += [v * 256 for v in lut[colors * i : colors * (i + 1)]]\n            colormap += [0] * (256 - colors)\n        ifd[COLORMAP] = colormap\n    # data orientation\n    stride = len(bits) * ((im.size[0] * bits[0] + 7) // 8)\n    # aim for given strip size (64 KB by default) when using libtiff writer\n    if libtiff:\n        im_strip_size = encoderinfo.get(\"strip_size\", STRIP_SIZE)\n        rows_per_strip = 1 if stride == 0 else min(im_strip_size // stride, im.size[1])\n        # JPEG encoder expects multiple of 8 rows\n        if compression == \"jpeg\":\n            rows_per_strip = min(((rows_per_strip + 7) // 8) * 8, im.size[1])\n    else:\n        rows_per_strip = im.size[1]\n    if rows_per_strip == 0:\n        rows_per_strip = 1\n    strip_byte_counts = 1 if stride == 0 else stride * rows_per_strip\n    strips_per_image = (im.size[1] + rows_per_strip - 1) // rows_per_strip\n    ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP] = rows_per_strip\n    if strip_byte_counts >= 2**16:\n        ifd.tagtype[STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = TiffTags.LONG\n    ifd[STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = (strip_byte_counts,) * (strips_per_image - 1) + (\n        stride * im.size[1] - strip_byte_counts * (strips_per_image - 1),\n    )\n    ifd[STRIPOFFSETS] = tuple(\n        range(0, strip_byte_counts * strips_per_image, strip_byte_counts)\n    )  # this is adjusted by IFD writer\n    # no compression by default:\n    ifd[COMPRESSION] = COMPRESSION_INFO_REV.get(compression, 1)\n\n    if im.mode == \"YCbCr\":\n        for tag, value in {\n            YCBCRSUBSAMPLING: (1, 1),\n            REFERENCEBLACKWHITE: (0, 255, 128, 255, 128, 255),\n        }.items():\n            ifd.setdefault(tag, value)\n\n    blocklist = [TILEWIDTH, TILELENGTH, TILEOFFSETS, TILEBYTECOUNTS]\n    if libtiff:\n        if \"quality\" in encoderinfo:\n            quality = encoderinfo[\"quality\"]\n            if not isinstance(quality, int) or quality < 0 or quality > 100:\n                msg = \"Invalid quality setting\"\n                raise ValueError(msg)\n            if compression != \"jpeg\":\n                msg = \"quality setting only supported for 'jpeg' compression\"\n                raise ValueError(msg)\n            ifd[JPEGQUALITY] = quality\n\n        logger.debug(\"Saving using libtiff encoder\")\n        logger.debug(\"Items: %s\", sorted(ifd.items()))\n        _fp = 0\n        if hasattr(fp, \"fileno\"):\n            try:\n                fp.seek(0)\n                _fp = os.dup(fp.fileno())\n            except io.UnsupportedOperation:\n                pass\n\n        # optional types for non core tags\n        types = {}\n        # STRIPOFFSETS and STRIPBYTECOUNTS are added by the library\n        # based on the data in the strip.\n        # The other tags expect arrays with a certain length (fixed or depending on\n        # BITSPERSAMPLE, etc), passing arrays with a different length will result in\n        # segfaults. Block these tags until we add extra validation.\n        # SUBIFD may also cause a segfault.\n        blocklist += [\n            REFERENCEBLACKWHITE,\n            STRIPBYTECOUNTS,\n            STRIPOFFSETS,\n            TRANSFERFUNCTION,\n            SUBIFD,\n        ]\n\n        # bits per sample is a single short in the tiff directory, not a list.\n        atts = {BITSPERSAMPLE: bits[0]}\n        # Merge the ones that we have with (optional) more bits from\n        # the original file, e.g x,y resolution so that we can\n        # save(load('')) == original file.\n        legacy_ifd = {}\n        if hasattr(im, \"tag\"):\n            legacy_ifd = im.tag.to_v2()\n\n        # SAMPLEFORMAT is determined by the image format and should not be copied\n        # from legacy_ifd.\n        supplied_tags = {**getattr(im, \"tag_v2\", {}), **legacy_ifd}\n        if SAMPLEFORMAT in supplied_tags:\n            del supplied_tags[SAMPLEFORMAT]\n\n        for tag, value in itertools.chain(ifd.items(), supplied_tags.items()):\n            # Libtiff can only process certain core items without adding\n            # them to the custom dictionary.\n            # Custom items are supported for int, float, unicode, string and byte\n            # values. Other types and tuples require a tagtype.\n            if tag not in TiffTags.LIBTIFF_CORE:\n                if not getattr(Image.core, \"libtiff_support_custom_tags\", False):\n                    continue\n\n                if tag in ifd.tagtype:\n                    types[tag] = ifd.tagtype[tag]\n                elif not (isinstance(value, (int, float, str, bytes))):\n                    continue\n                else:\n                    type = TiffTags.lookup(tag).type\n                    if type:\n                        types[tag] = type\n            if tag not in atts and tag not in blocklist:\n                if isinstance(value, str):\n                    atts[tag] = value.encode(\"ascii\", \"replace\") + b\"\\0\"\n                elif isinstance(value, IFDRational):\n                    atts[tag] = float(value)\n                else:\n                    atts[tag] = value\n\n        if SAMPLEFORMAT in atts and len(atts[SAMPLEFORMAT]) == 1:\n            atts[SAMPLEFORMAT] = atts[SAMPLEFORMAT][0]\n\n        logger.debug(\"Converted items: %s\", sorted(atts.items()))\n\n        # libtiff always expects the bytes in native order.\n        # we're storing image byte order. So, if the rawmode\n        # contains I;16, we need to convert from native to image\n        # byte order.\n        if im.mode in (\"I;16B\", \"I;16\"):\n            rawmode = \"I;16N\"\n\n        # Pass tags as sorted list so that the tags are set in a fixed order.\n        # This is required by libtiff for some tags. For example, the JPEGQUALITY\n        # pseudo tag requires that the COMPRESS tag was already set.\n        tags = list(atts.items())\n        tags.sort()\n        a = (rawmode, compression, _fp, filename, tags, types)\n        e = Image._getencoder(im.mode, \"libtiff\", a, encoderconfig)\n        e.setimage(im.im, (0, 0) + im.size)\n        while True:\n            # undone, change to self.decodermaxblock:\n            errcode, data = e.encode(16 * 1024)[1:]\n            if not _fp:\n                fp.write(data)\n            if errcode:\n                break\n        if _fp:\n            try:\n                os.close(_fp)\n            except OSError:\n                pass\n        if errcode < 0:\n            msg = f\"encoder error {errcode} when writing image file\"\n            raise OSError(msg)\n\n    else:\n        for tag in blocklist:\n            del ifd[tag]\n        offset = ifd.save(fp)\n\n        ImageFile._save(\n            im, fp, [(\"raw\", (0, 0) + im.size, offset, (rawmode, stride, 1))]\n        )\n\n    # -- helper for multi-page save --\n    if \"_debug_multipage\" in encoderinfo:\n        # just to access o32 and o16 (using correct byte order)\n        im._debug_multipage = ifd",
                            "ast_type_str": "FunctionDef",
                            "start_lineno": 1575,
                            "end_lineno": 1866,
                            "parent": null
                        }
                    ],
                    "added_entities": [],
                    "deleted_entities": []
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "old_commit_hash": "f7ec665bf1656245e9e3b483ff92e9eb1e0ef465^",
    "new_commit_hash": "f7ec665bf1656245e9e3b483ff92e9eb1e0ef465",
    "commit_message": "Support setting ROWSPERSTRIP tag",
    "commit_date": "2023-12-29T23:00:14+11:00",
    "metadata": {}
}
{
    "repo_name": "pillow",
    "new_commit_hash": "f7ec665bf1656245e9e3b483ff92e9eb1e0ef465",
    "test_file_codes": [
        "from __future__ import annotations\nimport io\nimport struct\n\nimport pytest\n\nfrom PIL import Image, TiffImagePlugin, TiffTags\nfrom PIL.TiffImagePlugin import IFDRational\n\nfrom .helper import assert_deep_equal, hopper\n\nTAG_IDS = {info.name: info.value for info in TiffTags.TAGS_V2.values()}\n\n\ndef test_rt_metadata(tmp_path):\n    \"\"\"Test writing arbitrary metadata into the tiff image directory\n    Use case is ImageJ private tags, one numeric, one arbitrary\n    data.  https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/291\n    \"\"\"\n\n    img = hopper()\n\n    # Behaviour change: re #1416\n    # Pre ifd rewrite, ImageJMetaData was being written as a string(2),\n    # Post ifd rewrite, it's defined as arbitrary bytes(7). It should\n    # roundtrip with the actual bytes, rather than stripped text\n    # of the premerge tests.\n    #\n    # For text items, we still have to decode('ascii','replace') because\n    # the tiff file format can't take 8 bit bytes in that field.\n\n    base_text_data = \"This is some arbitrary metadata for a text field\"\n    bin_data = base_text_data.encode(\"ascii\") + b\" \\xff\"\n    text_data = base_text_data + \" \" + chr(255)\n    reloaded_text_data = base_text_data + \" ?\"\n    float_data = 12.345\n    double_data = 67.89\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory()\n\n    ImageJMetaData = TAG_IDS[\"ImageJMetaData\"]\n    ImageJMetaDataByteCounts = TAG_IDS[\"ImageJMetaDataByteCounts\"]\n    ImageDescription = TAG_IDS[\"ImageDescription\"]\n\n    info[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] = len(bin_data)\n    info[ImageJMetaData] = bin_data\n    info[TAG_IDS[\"RollAngle\"]] = float_data\n    info.tagtype[TAG_IDS[\"RollAngle\"]] = 11\n    info[TAG_IDS[\"YawAngle\"]] = double_data\n    info.tagtype[TAG_IDS[\"YawAngle\"]] = 12\n\n    info[ImageDescription] = text_data\n\n    f = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n    img.save(f, tiffinfo=info)\n\n    with Image.open(f) as loaded:\n        assert loaded.tag[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] == (len(bin_data),)\n        assert loaded.tag_v2[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] == (len(bin_data),)\n\n        assert loaded.tag[ImageJMetaData] == bin_data\n        assert loaded.tag_v2[ImageJMetaData] == bin_data\n\n        assert loaded.tag[ImageDescription] == (reloaded_text_data,)\n        assert loaded.tag_v2[ImageDescription] == reloaded_text_data\n\n        loaded_float = loaded.tag[TAG_IDS[\"RollAngle\"]][0]\n        assert round(abs(loaded_float - float_data), 5) == 0\n        loaded_double = loaded.tag[TAG_IDS[\"YawAngle\"]][0]\n        assert round(abs(loaded_double - double_data), 7) == 0\n\n    # check with 2 element ImageJMetaDataByteCounts, issue #2006\n\n    info[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] = (8, len(bin_data) - 8)\n    img.save(f, tiffinfo=info)\n    with Image.open(f) as loaded:\n        assert loaded.tag[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] == (8, len(bin_data) - 8)\n        assert loaded.tag_v2[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] == (8, len(bin_data) - 8)\n\n\ndef test_read_metadata():\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_g4.tif\") as img:\n        assert {\n            \"YResolution\": IFDRational(4294967295, 113653537),\n            \"PlanarConfiguration\": 1,\n            \"BitsPerSample\": (1,),\n            \"ImageLength\": 128,\n            \"Compression\": 4,\n            \"FillOrder\": 1,\n            \"RowsPerStrip\": 128,\n            \"ResolutionUnit\": 3,\n            \"PhotometricInterpretation\": 0,\n            \"PageNumber\": (0, 1),\n            \"XResolution\": IFDRational(4294967295, 113653537),\n            \"ImageWidth\": 128,\n            \"Orientation\": 1,\n            \"StripByteCounts\": (1968,),\n            \"SamplesPerPixel\": 1,\n            \"StripOffsets\": (8,),\n        } == img.tag_v2.named()\n\n        assert {\n            \"YResolution\": ((4294967295, 113653537),),\n            \"PlanarConfiguration\": (1,),\n            \"BitsPerSample\": (1,),\n            \"ImageLength\": (128,),\n            \"Compression\": (4,),\n            \"FillOrder\": (1,),\n            \"RowsPerStrip\": (128,),\n            \"ResolutionUnit\": (3,),\n            \"PhotometricInterpretation\": (0,),\n            \"PageNumber\": (0, 1),\n            \"XResolution\": ((4294967295, 113653537),),\n            \"ImageWidth\": (128,),\n            \"Orientation\": (1,),\n            \"StripByteCounts\": (1968,),\n            \"SamplesPerPixel\": (1,),\n            \"StripOffsets\": (8,),\n        } == img.tag.named()\n\n\ndef test_write_metadata(tmp_path):\n    \"\"\"Test metadata writing through the python code\"\"\"\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.tif\") as img:\n        f = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n        del img.tag[278]\n        img.save(f, tiffinfo=img.tag)\n\n        original = img.tag_v2.named()\n\n    with Image.open(f) as loaded:\n        reloaded = loaded.tag_v2.named()\n\n    ignored = [\"StripByteCounts\", \"RowsPerStrip\", \"PageNumber\", \"StripOffsets\"]\n\n    for tag, value in reloaded.items():\n        if tag in ignored:\n            continue\n        if isinstance(original[tag], tuple) and isinstance(\n            original[tag][0], IFDRational\n        ):\n            # Need to compare element by element in the tuple,\n            # not comparing tuples of object references\n            assert_deep_equal(\n                original[tag],\n                value,\n                f\"{tag} didn't roundtrip, {original[tag]}, {value}\",\n            )\n        else:\n            assert (\n                original[tag] == value\n            ), f\"{tag} didn't roundtrip, {original[tag]}, {value}\"\n\n    for tag, value in original.items():\n        if tag not in ignored:\n            assert value == reloaded[tag], f\"{tag} didn't roundtrip\"\n\n\ndef test_change_stripbytecounts_tag_type(tmp_path):\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.tif\") as im:\n        info = im.tag_v2\n        del info[278]\n\n        # Resize the image so that STRIPBYTECOUNTS will be larger than a SHORT\n        im = im.resize((500, 500))\n\n        # STRIPBYTECOUNTS can be a SHORT or a LONG\n        info.tagtype[TiffImagePlugin.STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = TiffTags.SHORT\n\n        im.save(out, tiffinfo=info)\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert reloaded.tag_v2.tagtype[TiffImagePlugin.STRIPBYTECOUNTS] == TiffTags.LONG\n\n\ndef test_no_duplicate_50741_tag():\n    assert TAG_IDS[\"MakerNoteSafety\"] == 50741\n    assert TAG_IDS[\"BestQualityScale\"] == 50780\n\n\ndef test_iptc(tmp_path):\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.Lab.tif\") as im:\n        im.save(out)\n\n\n@pytest.mark.parametrize(\"value, expected\", ((b\"test\", \"test\"), (1, \"1\")))\ndef test_writing_other_types_to_ascii(value, expected, tmp_path):\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n\n    tag = TiffTags.TAGS_V2[271]\n    assert tag.type == TiffTags.ASCII\n\n    info[271] = value\n\n    im = hopper()\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info)\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert reloaded.tag_v2[271] == expected\n\n\n@pytest.mark.parametrize(\"value\", (1, IFDRational(1)))\ndef test_writing_other_types_to_bytes(value, tmp_path):\n    im = hopper()\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n\n    tag = TiffTags.TAGS_V2[700]\n    assert tag.type == TiffTags.BYTE\n\n    info[700] = value\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info)\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert reloaded.tag_v2[700] == b\"\\x01\"\n\n\ndef test_writing_other_types_to_undefined(tmp_path):\n    im = hopper()\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n\n    tag = TiffTags.TAGS_V2[33723]\n    assert tag.type == TiffTags.UNDEFINED\n\n    info[33723] = 1\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info)\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert reloaded.tag_v2[33723] == b\"1\"\n\n\ndef test_undefined_zero(tmp_path):\n    # Check that the tag has not been changed since this test was created\n    tag = TiffTags.TAGS_V2[45059]\n    assert tag.type == TiffTags.UNDEFINED\n    assert tag.length == 0\n\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory(b\"II*\\x00\\x08\\x00\\x00\\x00\")\n    info[45059] = b\"test\"\n\n    # Assert that the tag value does not change by setting it to itself\n    original = info[45059]\n    info[45059] = info[45059]\n    assert info[45059] == original\n\n\ndef test_empty_metadata():\n    f = io.BytesIO(b\"II*\\x00\\x08\\x00\\x00\\x00\")\n    head = f.read(8)\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory(head)\n    # Should not raise struct.error.\n    with pytest.warns(UserWarning):\n        info.load(f)\n\n\ndef test_iccprofile(tmp_path):\n    # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/1462\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.iccprofile.tif\") as im:\n        im.save(out)\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert not isinstance(im.info[\"icc_profile\"], tuple)\n        assert im.info[\"icc_profile\"] == reloaded.info[\"icc_profile\"]\n\n\ndef test_iccprofile_binary():\n    # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/1526\n    # We should be able to load this,\n    # but probably won't be able to save it.\n\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.iccprofile_binary.tif\") as im:\n        assert im.tag_v2.tagtype[34675] == 1\n        assert im.info[\"icc_profile\"]\n\n\ndef test_iccprofile_save_png(tmp_path):\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.iccprofile.tif\") as im:\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.png\")\n        im.save(outfile)\n\n\ndef test_iccprofile_binary_save_png(tmp_path):\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.iccprofile_binary.tif\") as im:\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.png\")\n        im.save(outfile)\n\n\ndef test_exif_div_zero(tmp_path):\n    im = hopper()\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n    info[41988] = TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(0, 0)\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression=\"raw\")\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert 0 == reloaded.tag_v2[41988].numerator\n        assert 0 == reloaded.tag_v2[41988].denominator\n\n\ndef test_ifd_unsigned_rational(tmp_path):\n    im = hopper()\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n\n    max_long = 2**32 - 1\n\n    # 4 bytes unsigned long\n    numerator = max_long\n\n    info[41493] = TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(numerator, 1)\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression=\"raw\")\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert max_long == reloaded.tag_v2[41493].numerator\n        assert 1 == reloaded.tag_v2[41493].denominator\n\n    # out of bounds of 4 byte unsigned long\n    numerator = max_long + 1\n\n    info[41493] = TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(numerator, 1)\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression=\"raw\")\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert max_long == reloaded.tag_v2[41493].numerator\n        assert 1 == reloaded.tag_v2[41493].denominator\n\n\ndef test_ifd_signed_rational(tmp_path):\n    im = hopper()\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n\n    # pair of 4 byte signed longs\n    numerator = 2**31 - 1\n    denominator = -(2**31)\n\n    info[37380] = TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(numerator, denominator)\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression=\"raw\")\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert numerator == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].numerator\n        assert denominator == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].denominator\n\n    numerator = -(2**31)\n    denominator = 2**31 - 1\n\n    info[37380] = TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(numerator, denominator)\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression=\"raw\")\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert numerator == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].numerator\n        assert denominator == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].denominator\n\n    # out of bounds of 4 byte signed long\n    numerator = -(2**31) - 1\n    denominator = 1\n\n    info[37380] = TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(numerator, denominator)\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression=\"raw\")\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert 2**31 - 1 == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].numerator\n        assert -1 == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].denominator\n\n\ndef test_ifd_signed_long(tmp_path):\n    im = hopper()\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n\n    info[37000] = -60000\n\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression=\"raw\")\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert reloaded.tag_v2[37000] == -60000\n\n\ndef test_empty_values():\n    data = io.BytesIO(\n        b\"II*\\x00\\x08\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x03\\x00\\x1a\\x01\\x05\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\"\n        b\"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x1b\\x01\\x05\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\"\n        b\"\\x98\\x82\\x02\\x00\\x07\\x00\\x00\\x002\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00a \"\n        b\"text\\x00\\x00\"\n    )\n    head = data.read(8)\n    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2(head)\n    info.load(data)\n    # Should not raise ValueError.\n    info = dict(info)\n    assert 33432 in info\n\n\ndef test_photoshop_info(tmp_path):\n    with Image.open(\"Tests/images/issue_2278.tif\") as im:\n        assert len(im.tag_v2[34377]) == 70\n        assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[34377], bytes)\n        out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tiff\")\n        im.save(out)\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        assert len(reloaded.tag_v2[34377]) == 70\n        assert isinstance(reloaded.tag_v2[34377], bytes)\n\n\ndef test_too_many_entries():\n    ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n\n    #    277: (\"SamplesPerPixel\", SHORT, 1),\n    ifd._tagdata[277] = struct.pack(\"<hh\", 4, 4)\n    ifd.tagtype[277] = TiffTags.SHORT\n\n    # Should not raise ValueError.\n    with pytest.warns(UserWarning):\n        assert ifd[277] == 4\n\n\ndef test_tag_group_data():\n    base_ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n    interop_ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2(group=40965)\n    for ifd in (base_ifd, interop_ifd):\n        ifd[2] = \"test\"\n        ifd[256] = 10\n\n    assert base_ifd.tagtype[256] == 4\n    assert interop_ifd.tagtype[256] != base_ifd.tagtype[256]\n\n    assert interop_ifd.tagtype[2] == 7\n    assert base_ifd.tagtype[2] != interop_ifd.tagtype[256]\n\n\ndef test_empty_subifd(tmp_path):\n    out = str(tmp_path / \"temp.jpg\")\n\n    im = hopper()\n    exif = im.getexif()\n    exif[TiffImagePlugin.EXIFIFD] = {}\n    im.save(out, exif=exif)\n\n    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:\n        exif = reloaded.getexif()\n        assert exif.get_ifd(TiffImagePlugin.EXIFIFD) == {}\n",
        "from __future__ import annotations\nimport os\nimport warnings\nfrom io import BytesIO\n\nimport pytest\n\nfrom PIL import Image, ImageFile, TiffImagePlugin, UnidentifiedImageError\nfrom PIL.TiffImagePlugin import RESOLUTION_UNIT, X_RESOLUTION, Y_RESOLUTION\n\nfrom .helper import (\n    assert_image_equal,\n    assert_image_equal_tofile,\n    assert_image_similar,\n    assert_image_similar_tofile,\n    hopper,\n    is_pypy,\n    is_win32,\n)\n\ntry:\n    from defusedxml import ElementTree\nexcept ImportError:\n    ElementTree = None\n\n\nclass TestFileTiff:\n    def test_sanity(self, tmp_path):\n        filename = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        hopper(\"RGB\").save(filename)\n\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            im.load()\n        assert im.mode == \"RGB\"\n        assert im.size == (128, 128)\n        assert im.format == \"TIFF\"\n\n        hopper(\"1\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"L\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"P\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"RGB\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n        hopper(\"I\").save(filename)\n        with Image.open(filename):\n            pass\n\n    @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason=\"Requires CPython\")\n    def test_unclosed_file(self):\n        def open():\n            im = Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\")\n            im.load()\n\n        with pytest.warns(ResourceWarning):\n            open()\n\n    def test_closed_file(self):\n        with warnings.catch_warnings():\n            im = Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\")\n            im.load()\n            im.close()\n\n    def test_seek_after_close(self):\n        im = Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\")\n        im.close()\n\n        with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n            im.n_frames\n        with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n            im.seek(1)\n\n    def test_context_manager(self):\n        with warnings.catch_warnings():\n            with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n                im.load()\n\n    def test_mac_tiff(self):\n        # Read RGBa images from macOS [@PIL136]\n\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            assert im.mode == \"RGBA\"\n            assert im.size == (55, 43)\n            assert im.tile == [(\"raw\", (0, 0, 55, 43), 8, (\"RGBa\", 0, 1))]\n            im.load()\n\n            assert_image_similar_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/pil136.png\", 1)\n\n    def test_bigtiff(self, tmp_path):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_bigtiff.tif\") as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/hopper.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_bigtiff.tif\") as im:\n            # multistrip support not yet implemented\n            del im.tag_v2[273]\n\n            outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(outfile, save_all=True, append_images=[im], tiffinfo=im.tag_v2)\n\n    def test_set_legacy_api(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        with pytest.raises(Exception) as e:\n            ifd.legacy_api = None\n        assert str(e.value) == \"Not allowing setting of legacy api\"\n\n    def test_xyres_tiff(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil168.tif\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # legacy api\n            assert isinstance(im.tag[X_RESOLUTION][0], tuple)\n            assert isinstance(im.tag[Y_RESOLUTION][0], tuple)\n\n            # v2 api\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (72.0, 72.0)\n\n    def test_xyres_fallback_tiff(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/compression.tif\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # v2 api\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n            assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)\n            with pytest.raises(KeyError):\n                im.tag_v2[RESOLUTION_UNIT]\n\n            # Legacy.\n            assert im.info[\"resolution\"] == (100.0, 100.0)\n            # Fallback \"inch\".\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (100.0, 100.0)\n\n    def test_int_resolution(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil168.tif\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # Try to read a file where X,Y_RESOLUTION are ints\n            im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION] = 71\n            im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION] = 71\n            im._setup()\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (71.0, 71.0)\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\n        \"resolution_unit, dpi\",\n        [(None, 72.8), (2, 72.8), (3, 184.912)],\n    )\n    def test_load_float_dpi(self, resolution_unit, dpi):\n        with Image.open(\n            \"Tests/images/hopper_float_dpi_\" + str(resolution_unit) + \".tif\"\n        ) as im:\n            assert im.tag_v2.get(RESOLUTION_UNIT) == resolution_unit\n            assert im.info[\"dpi\"] == (dpi, dpi)\n\n    def test_save_float_dpi(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.tif\") as im:\n            dpi = (72.2, 72.2)\n            im.save(outfile, dpi=dpi)\n\n            with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n                assert reloaded.info[\"dpi\"] == dpi\n\n    def test_save_setting_missing_resolution(self):\n        b = BytesIO()\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/10ct_32bit_128.tiff\") as im:\n            im.save(b, format=\"tiff\", resolution=123.45)\n        with Image.open(b) as im:\n            assert im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION] == 123.45\n            assert im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION] == 123.45\n\n    def test_invalid_file(self):\n        invalid_file = \"Tests/images/flower.jpg\"\n\n        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):\n            TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile(invalid_file)\n\n        TiffImagePlugin.PREFIXES.append(b\"\\xff\\xd8\\xff\\xe0\")\n        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):\n            TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile(invalid_file)\n        TiffImagePlugin.PREFIXES.pop()\n\n    def test_bad_exif(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_bad_exif.jpg\") as i:\n            # Should not raise struct.error.\n            with pytest.warns(UserWarning):\n                i._getexif()\n\n    def test_save_rgba(self, tmp_path):\n        im = hopper(\"RGBA\")\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im.save(outfile)\n\n    def test_save_unsupported_mode(self, tmp_path):\n        im = hopper(\"HSV\")\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with pytest.raises(OSError):\n            im.save(outfile)\n\n    def test_8bit_s(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/8bit.s.tif\") as im:\n            im.load()\n            assert im.mode == \"L\"\n            assert im.getpixel((50, 50)) == 184\n\n    def test_little_endian(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.cropped.tif\") as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480\n            assert im.mode == \"I;16\"\n\n            b = im.tobytes()\n        # Bytes are in image native order (little endian)\n        assert b[0] == ord(b\"\\xe0\")\n        assert b[1] == ord(b\"\\x01\")\n\n    def test_big_endian(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.MM.cropped.tif\") as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480\n            assert im.mode == \"I;16B\"\n\n            b = im.tobytes()\n        # Bytes are in image native order (big endian)\n        assert b[0] == ord(b\"\\x01\")\n        assert b[1] == ord(b\"\\xe0\")\n\n    def test_16bit_r(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.r.tif\") as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480\n            assert im.mode == \"I;16\"\n\n            b = im.tobytes()\n        assert b[0] == ord(b\"\\xe0\")\n        assert b[1] == ord(b\"\\x01\")\n\n    def test_16bit_s(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/16bit.s.tif\") as im:\n            im.load()\n            assert im.mode == \"I\"\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 32767\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 1)) == 0\n\n    def test_12bit_rawmode(self):\n        \"\"\"Are we generating the same interpretation\n        of the image as Imagemagick is?\"\"\"\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/12bit.cropped.tif\") as im:\n            # to make the target --\n            # convert 12bit.cropped.tif -depth 16 tmp.tif\n            # convert tmp.tif -evaluate RightShift 4 12in16bit2.tif\n            # imagemagick will auto scale so that a 12bit FFF is 16bit FFF0,\n            # so we need to unshift so that the integer values are the same.\n\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/12in16bit.tif\")\n\n    def test_32bit_float(self):\n        # Issue 614, specific 32-bit float format\n        path = \"Tests/images/10ct_32bit_128.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(path) as im:\n            im.load()\n\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == -0.4526388943195343\n            assert im.getextrema() == (-3.140936851501465, 3.140684127807617)\n\n    def test_unknown_pixel_mode(self):\n        with pytest.raises(OSError):\n            with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper_unknown_pixel_mode.tif\"):\n                pass\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\n        \"path, n_frames\",\n        (\n            (\"Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif\", 1),\n            (\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\", 3),\n        ),\n    )\n    def test_n_frames(self, path, n_frames):\n        with Image.open(path) as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == n_frames\n            assert im.is_animated == (n_frames != 1)\n\n    def test_eoferror(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif\") as im:\n            n_frames = im.n_frames\n\n            # Test seeking past the last frame\n            with pytest.raises(EOFError):\n                im.seek(n_frames)\n            assert im.tell() < n_frames\n\n            # Test that seeking to the last frame does not raise an error\n            im.seek(n_frames - 1)\n\n    def test_multipage(self):\n        # issue #862\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n            # file is a multipage tiff: 10x10 green, 10x10 red, 20x20 blue\n\n            im.seek(0)\n            assert im.size == (10, 10)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 128, 0)\n\n            im.seek(1)\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (10, 10)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (255, 0, 0)\n\n            im.seek(0)\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (10, 10)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 128, 0)\n\n            im.seek(2)\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (20, 20)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 255)\n\n    def test_multipage_last_frame(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif\") as im:\n            im.load()\n            assert im.size == (20, 20)\n            assert im.convert(\"RGB\").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 255)\n\n    def test_frame_order(self):\n        # A frame can't progress to itself after reading\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage_single_frame_loop.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 1\n\n        # A frame can't progress to a frame that has already been read\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage_multiple_frame_loop.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 2\n\n        # Frames don't have to be in sequence\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage_out_of_order.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 3\n\n    def test___str__(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # Act\n            ret = str(im.ifd)\n\n            # Assert\n            assert isinstance(ret, str)\n\n    def test_dict(self):\n        # Arrange\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # v2 interface\n            v2_tags = {\n                256: 55,\n                257: 43,\n                258: (8, 8, 8, 8),\n                259: 1,\n                262: 2,\n                296: 2,\n                273: (8,),\n                338: (1,),\n                277: 4,\n                279: (9460,),\n                282: 72.0,\n                283: 72.0,\n                284: 1,\n            }\n            assert dict(im.tag_v2) == v2_tags\n\n            # legacy interface\n            legacy_tags = {\n                256: (55,),\n                257: (43,),\n                258: (8, 8, 8, 8),\n                259: (1,),\n                262: (2,),\n                296: (2,),\n                273: (8,),\n                338: (1,),\n                277: (4,),\n                279: (9460,),\n                282: ((720000, 10000),),\n                283: ((720000, 10000),),\n                284: (1,),\n            }\n            assert dict(im.tag) == legacy_tags\n\n    def test__delitem__(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            len_before = len(dict(im.ifd))\n            del im.ifd[256]\n            len_after = len(dict(im.ifd))\n            assert len_before == len_after + 1\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\"legacy_api\", (False, True))\n    def test_load_byte(self, legacy_api):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abc\"\n        ret = ifd.load_byte(data, legacy_api)\n        assert ret == b\"abc\"\n\n    def test_load_string(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abc\\0\"\n        ret = ifd.load_string(data, False)\n        assert ret == \"abc\"\n\n    def test_load_float(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abcdabcd\"\n        ret = ifd.load_float(data, False)\n        assert ret == (1.6777999408082104e22, 1.6777999408082104e22)\n\n    def test_load_double(self):\n        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        data = b\"abcdefghabcdefgh\"\n        ret = ifd.load_double(data, False)\n        assert ret == (8.540883223036124e194, 8.540883223036124e194)\n\n    def test_ifd_tag_type(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/ifd_tag_type.tiff\") as im:\n            assert 0x8825 in im.tag_v2\n\n    def test_exif(self, tmp_path):\n        def check_exif(exif):\n            assert sorted(exif.keys()) == [\n                256,\n                257,\n                258,\n                259,\n                262,\n                271,\n                272,\n                273,\n                277,\n                278,\n                279,\n                282,\n                283,\n                284,\n                296,\n                297,\n                305,\n                339,\n                700,\n                34665,\n                34853,\n                50735,\n            ]\n            assert exif[256] == 640\n            assert exif[271] == \"FLIR\"\n\n            gps = exif.get_ifd(0x8825)\n            assert list(gps.keys()) == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 18]\n            assert gps[0] == b\"\\x03\\x02\\x00\\x00\"\n            assert gps[18] == \"WGS-84\"\n\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/ifd_tag_type.tiff\") as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            check_exif(exif)\n\n            im.save(outfile, exif=exif)\n\n        outfile2 = str(tmp_path / \"temp2.tif\")\n        with Image.open(outfile) as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            check_exif(exif)\n\n            im.save(outfile2, exif=exif.tobytes())\n\n        with Image.open(outfile2) as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            check_exif(exif)\n\n    def test_modify_exif(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/ifd_tag_type.tiff\") as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            exif[256] = 100\n\n            im.save(outfile, exif=exif)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            assert exif[256] == 100\n\n    def test_reload_exif_after_seek(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n            exif = im.getexif()\n            del exif[256]\n            im.seek(1)\n\n            assert 256 in exif\n\n    def test_exif_frames(self):\n        # Test that EXIF data can change across frames\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/g4-multi.tiff\") as im:\n            assert im.getexif()[273] == (328, 815)\n\n            im.seek(1)\n            assert im.getexif()[273] == (1408, 1907)\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\"mode\", (\"1\", \"L\"))\n    def test_photometric(self, mode, tmp_path):\n        filename = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im = hopper(mode)\n        im.save(filename, tiffinfo={262: 0})\n        with Image.open(filename) as reloaded:\n            assert reloaded.tag_v2[262] == 0\n            assert_image_equal(im, reloaded)\n\n    def test_seek(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            im.seek(0)\n            assert im.tell() == 0\n\n    def test_seek_eof(self):\n        filename = \"Tests/images/pil136.tiff\"\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            assert im.tell() == 0\n            with pytest.raises(EOFError):\n                im.seek(-1)\n            with pytest.raises(EOFError):\n                im.seek(1)\n\n    def test__limit_rational_int(self):\n        from PIL.TiffImagePlugin import _limit_rational\n\n        value = 34\n        ret = _limit_rational(value, 65536)\n        assert ret == (34, 1)\n\n    def test__limit_rational_float(self):\n        from PIL.TiffImagePlugin import _limit_rational\n\n        value = 22.3\n        ret = _limit_rational(value, 65536)\n        assert ret == (223, 10)\n\n    def test_4bit(self):\n        test_file = \"Tests/images/hopper_gray_4bpp.tif\"\n        original = hopper(\"L\")\n        with Image.open(test_file) as im:\n            assert im.size == (128, 128)\n            assert im.mode == \"L\"\n            assert_image_similar(im, original, 7.3)\n\n    def test_gray_semibyte_per_pixel(self):\n        test_files = (\n            (\n                24.8,  # epsilon\n                (  # group\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2I.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2R.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2IR.tif\",\n                ),\n            ),\n            (\n                7.3,  # epsilon\n                (  # group\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4I.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4R.tif\",\n                    \"Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4IR.tif\",\n                ),\n            ),\n        )\n        original = hopper(\"L\")\n        for epsilon, group in test_files:\n            with Image.open(group[0]) as im:\n                assert im.size == (128, 128)\n                assert im.mode == \"L\"\n                assert_image_similar(im, original, epsilon)\n                for file in group[1:]:\n                    with Image.open(file) as im2:\n                        assert im2.size == (128, 128)\n                        assert im2.mode == \"L\"\n                        assert_image_equal(im, im2)\n\n    def test_with_underscores(self, tmp_path):\n        kwargs = {\"resolution_unit\": \"inch\", \"x_resolution\": 72, \"y_resolution\": 36}\n        filename = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        hopper(\"RGB\").save(filename, **kwargs)\n        with Image.open(filename) as im:\n            # legacy interface\n            assert im.tag[X_RESOLUTION][0][0] == 72\n            assert im.tag[Y_RESOLUTION][0][0] == 36\n\n            # v2 interface\n            assert im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION] == 72\n            assert im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION] == 36\n\n    def test_roundtrip_tiff_uint16(self, tmp_path):\n        # Test an image of all '0' values\n        pixel_value = 0x1234\n        infile = \"Tests/images/uint16_1_4660.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == pixel_value\n\n            tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(tmpfile)\n\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, tmpfile)\n\n    def test_rowsperstrip(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im = hopper()\n        im.save(outfile, tiffinfo={278: 256})\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as im:\n            assert im.tag_v2[278] == 256\n\n    def test_strip_raw(self):\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_strip_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_strip_planar_raw(self):\n        # gdal_translate -of GTiff -co INTERLEAVE=BAND \\\n        # tiff_strip_raw.tif tiff_strip_planar_raw.tiff\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_strip_planar_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_strip_planar_raw_with_overviews(self):\n        # gdaladdo tiff_strip_planar_raw2.tif 2 4 8 16\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_strip_planar_raw_with_overviews.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_tiled_planar_raw(self):\n        # gdal_translate -of GTiff -co TILED=YES -co BLOCKXSIZE=32 \\\n        # -co BLOCKYSIZE=32 -co INTERLEAVE=BAND \\\n        # tiff_tiled_raw.tif tiff_tiled_planar_raw.tiff\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_tiled_planar_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, \"Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png\")\n\n    def test_planar_configuration_save(self, tmp_path):\n        infile = \"Tests/images/tiff_tiled_planar_raw.tif\"\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            assert im._planar_configuration == 2\n\n            outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(outfile)\n\n            with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n                assert_image_equal_tofile(reloaded, infile)\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\"mode\", (\"P\", \"PA\"))\n    def test_palette(self, mode, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        im = hopper(mode)\n        im.save(outfile)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n            assert_image_equal(im.convert(\"RGB\"), reloaded.convert(\"RGB\"))\n\n    def test_tiff_save_all(self):\n        mp = BytesIO()\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/multipage.tiff\") as im:\n            im.save(mp, format=\"tiff\", save_all=True)\n\n        mp.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)\n        with Image.open(mp) as im:\n            assert im.n_frames == 3\n\n        # Test appending images\n        mp = BytesIO()\n        im = Image.new(\"RGB\", (100, 100), \"#f00\")\n        ims = [Image.new(\"RGB\", (100, 100), color) for color in [\"#0f0\", \"#00f\"]]\n        im.copy().save(mp, format=\"TIFF\", save_all=True, append_images=ims)\n\n        mp.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)\n        with Image.open(mp) as reread:\n            assert reread.n_frames == 3\n\n        # Test appending using a generator\n        def im_generator(ims):\n            yield from ims\n\n        mp = BytesIO()\n        im.save(mp, format=\"TIFF\", save_all=True, append_images=im_generator(ims))\n\n        mp.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)\n        with Image.open(mp) as reread:\n            assert reread.n_frames == 3\n\n    def test_saving_icc_profile(self, tmp_path):\n        # Tests saving TIFF with icc_profile set.\n        # At the time of writing this will only work for non-compressed tiffs\n        # as libtiff does not support embedded ICC profiles,\n        # ImageFile._save(..) however does.\n        im = Image.new(\"RGB\", (1, 1))\n        im.info[\"icc_profile\"] = \"Dummy value\"\n\n        # Try save-load round trip to make sure both handle icc_profile.\n        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im.save(tmpfile, \"TIFF\", compression=\"raw\")\n        with Image.open(tmpfile) as reloaded:\n            assert b\"Dummy value\" == reloaded.info[\"icc_profile\"]\n\n    def test_save_icc_profile(self, tmp_path):\n        im = hopper()\n        assert \"icc_profile\" not in im.info\n\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        icc_profile = b\"Dummy value\"\n        im.save(outfile, icc_profile=icc_profile)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n            assert reloaded.info[\"icc_profile\"] == icc_profile\n\n    def test_save_bmp_compression(self, tmp_path):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/hopper.bmp\") as im:\n            assert im.info[\"compression\"] == 0\n\n            outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n            im.save(outfile)\n\n    def test_discard_icc_profile(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/icc_profile.png\") as im:\n            assert \"icc_profile\" in im.info\n\n            im.save(outfile, icc_profile=None)\n\n        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:\n            assert \"icc_profile\" not in reloaded.info\n\n    def test_getxmp(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/lab.tif\") as im:\n            if ElementTree is None:\n                with pytest.warns(\n                    UserWarning,\n                    match=\"XMP data cannot be read without defusedxml dependency\",\n                ):\n                    assert im.getxmp() == {}\n            else:\n                xmp = im.getxmp()\n\n                description = xmp[\"xmpmeta\"][\"RDF\"][\"Description\"]\n                assert description[0][\"format\"] == \"image/tiff\"\n                assert description[3][\"BitsPerSample\"][\"Seq\"][\"li\"] == [\"8\", \"8\", \"8\"]\n\n    def test_get_photoshop_blocks(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/lab.tif\") as im:\n            assert list(im.get_photoshop_blocks().keys()) == [\n                1061,\n                1002,\n                1005,\n                1062,\n                1037,\n                1049,\n                1011,\n                1034,\n                10000,\n                1013,\n                1016,\n                1032,\n                1054,\n                1050,\n                1064,\n                1041,\n                1044,\n                1036,\n                1057,\n                4000,\n                4001,\n            ]\n\n    def test_close_on_load_exclusive(self, tmp_path):\n        # similar to test_fd_leak, but runs on unixlike os\n        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/uint16_1_4660.tif\") as im:\n            im.save(tmpfile)\n\n        im = Image.open(tmpfile)\n        fp = im.fp\n        assert not fp.closed\n        im.load()\n        assert fp.closed\n\n    def test_close_on_load_nonexclusive(self, tmp_path):\n        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/uint16_1_4660.tif\") as im:\n            im.save(tmpfile)\n\n        with open(tmpfile, \"rb\") as f:\n            im = Image.open(f)\n            fp = im.fp\n            assert not fp.closed\n            im.load()\n            assert not fp.closed\n\n    # Ignore this UserWarning which triggers for four tags:\n    # \"Possibly corrupt EXIF data.  Expecting to read 50404352 bytes but...\"\n    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(\"ignore:Possibly corrupt EXIF data\")\n    # Ignore this UserWarning:\n    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(\"ignore:Truncated File Read\")\n    @pytest.mark.skipif(\n        not os.path.exists(\"Tests/images/string_dimension.tiff\"),\n        reason=\"Extra image files not installed\",\n    )\n    def test_string_dimension(self):\n        # Assert that an error is raised if one of the dimensions is a string\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/string_dimension.tiff\") as im:\n            with pytest.raises(OSError):\n                im.load()\n\n    @pytest.mark.timeout(6)\n    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(\"ignore:Truncated File Read\")\n    def test_timeout(self):\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/timeout-6646305047838720\") as im:\n            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True\n            im.load()\n            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False\n\n    @pytest.mark.parametrize(\n        \"test_file\",\n        [\n            \"Tests/images/oom-225817ca0f8c663be7ab4b9e717b02c661e66834.tif\",\n        ],\n    )\n    @pytest.mark.timeout(2)\n    def test_oom(self, test_file):\n        with pytest.raises(UnidentifiedImageError):\n            with pytest.warns(UserWarning):\n                with Image.open(test_file):\n                    pass\n\n\n@pytest.mark.skipif(not is_win32(), reason=\"Windows only\")\nclass TestFileTiffW32:\n    def test_fd_leak(self, tmp_path):\n        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n\n        # this is an mmaped file.\n        with Image.open(\"Tests/images/uint16_1_4660.tif\") as im:\n            im.save(tmpfile)\n\n        im = Image.open(tmpfile)\n        fp = im.fp\n        assert not fp.closed\n        with pytest.raises(OSError):\n            os.remove(tmpfile)\n        im.load()\n        assert fp.closed\n\n        # this closes the mmap\n        im.close()\n\n        # this should not fail, as load should have closed the file pointer,\n        # and close should have closed the mmap\n        os.remove(tmpfile)\n"
    ],
    "test_file_names": [
        "test_1.py",
        "test_2.py"
    ],
    "setup_res_code": 0,
    "setup_res_stdout": "Starting Pillow installation attempts...\nVerifying Pillow installation...\n✅ Pillow installation successful!\nSuccessfully installed Pillow\n",
    "setup_res_stderr": "warning: `VIRTUAL_ENV=/home/gcpuser/r2e-edits-internal/.venv` does not match the project environment path `.venv` and will be ignored\nUsing CPython 3.9.21\nCreating virtual environment at: .venv\nActivate with: source .venv/bin/activate\nResolved 12 packages in 10ms\nInstalled 12 packages in 165ms\n + coverage==7.6.10\n + exceptiongroup==1.2.2\n + iniconfig==2.0.0\n + packaging==24.2\n + pluggy==1.5.0\n + pyqt5==5.15.11\n + pyqt5-qt5==5.15.16\n + pyqt5-sip==12.16.1\n + pytest==8.3.4\n + pytest-cov==6.0.0\n + setuptools==75.8.0\n + tomli==2.2.1\nResolved 1 package in 1.12s\nPrepared 1 package in 35.42s\nInstalled 1 package in 2ms\n + pillow==10.2.0.dev0 (from file:///home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pillow_f7ec665bf1656245e9e3b483ff92e9eb1e0ef465)\n",
    "new_commit_res_code": 0,
    "new_commit_res_stdout": "\u001b[1m============================= test session starts ==============================\u001b[0m\nplatform linux -- Python 3.9.21, pytest-8.3.4, pluggy-1.5.0\nrootdir: /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pillow_f7ec665bf1656245e9e3b483ff92e9eb1e0ef465\nconfigfile: pyproject.toml\nplugins: cov-6.0.0\ncollected 104 items\n\nr2e_tests/test_1.py \u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m                           [ 25%]\u001b[0m\nr2e_tests/test_2.py 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r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_seek_after_close\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_context_manager\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_mac_tiff\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_bigtiff\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_set_legacy_api\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_xyres_tiff\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_xyres_fallback_tiff\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_int_resolution\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_load_float_dpi[None-72.8]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_load_float_dpi[2-72.8]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_load_float_dpi[3-184.912]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_save_float_dpi\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_save_setting_missing_resolution\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_invalid_file\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_bad_exif\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_save_rgba\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_save_unsupported_mode\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_8bit_s\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_little_endian\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_big_endian\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_16bit_r\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_16bit_s\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_12bit_rawmode\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_32bit_float\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_unknown_pixel_mode\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_n_frames[Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif-1]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_n_frames[Tests/images/multipage.tiff-3]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m 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r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_load_float\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_load_double\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_ifd_tag_type\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_exif\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_modify_exif\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_reload_exif_after_seek\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_exif_frames\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_photometric[1]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_photometric[L]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_seek\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_seek_eof\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test__limit_rational_int\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test__limit_rational_float\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_4bit\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_gray_semibyte_per_pixel\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_with_underscores\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_roundtrip_tiff_uint16\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_rowsperstrip\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_strip_raw\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_strip_planar_raw\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_strip_planar_raw_with_overviews\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_tiled_planar_raw\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_planar_configuration_save\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_palette[P]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_palette[PA]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_tiff_save_all\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_saving_icc_profile\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_save_icc_profile\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_save_bmp_compression\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_discard_icc_profile\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_getxmp\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_get_photoshop_blocks\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_close_on_load_exclusive\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_close_on_load_nonexclusive\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_timeout\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_oom[Tests/images/oom-225817ca0f8c663be7ab4b9e717b02c661e66834.tif]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[33mSKIPPED\u001b[0m [1] r2e_tests/test_2.py:812: Extra image files not installed\n\u001b[33mSKIPPED\u001b[0m [1] r2e_tests/test_2.py:849: Windows only\n\u001b[32m======================== \u001b[32m\u001b[1m102 passed\u001b[0m, \u001b[33m2 skipped\u001b[0m\u001b[32m in 0.75s\u001b[0m\u001b[32m ========================\u001b[0m\n",
    "new_commit_res_stderr": "",
    "old_commit_res_code": 1,
    "old_commit_res_stdout": "\u001b[1m============================= test session starts ==============================\u001b[0m\nplatform linux -- Python 3.9.21, pytest-8.3.4, pluggy-1.5.0\nrootdir: /home/gcpuser/buckets/local_repoeval_bucket/repos/pillow_f7ec665bf1656245e9e3b483ff92e9eb1e0ef465\nconfigfile: pyproject.toml\nplugins: cov-6.0.0\ncollected 104 items\n\nr2e_tests/test_1.py \u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m                           [ 25%]\u001b[0m\nr2e_tests/test_2.py 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[ 75%]\n\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[31mF\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[33ms\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m.\u001b[0m\u001b[33ms\u001b[0m\u001b[31m                                               [100%]\u001b[0m\n\n=================================== FAILURES ===================================\n\u001b[31m\u001b[1m________________________ TestFileTiff.test_rowsperstrip ________________________\u001b[0m\n\nself = <r2e_tests.test_2.TestFileTiff object at 0x7d24637ae0d0>\ntmp_path = PosixPath('/tmp/pytest-of-gcpuser/pytest-764/test_rowsperstrip0')\n\n    def test_rowsperstrip(self, tmp_path):\n        outfile = str(tmp_path / \"temp.tif\")\n        im = hopper()\n        im.save(outfile, tiffinfo={278: 256})\n    \n        with Image.open(outfile) as im:\n>           assert im.tag_v2[278] == 256\n\u001b[1m\u001b[31mE           assert 128 == 256\u001b[0m\n\n\u001b[1m\u001b[31mr2e_tests/test_2.py\u001b[0m:621: AssertionError\n==================================== PASSES ====================================\n\u001b[32m\u001b[1m_ TestFileTiff.test_oom[Tests/images/oom-225817ca0f8c663be7ab4b9e717b02c661e66834.tif] _\u001b[0m\n------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------\n\u001b[31m\u001b[1mERROR   \u001b[0m PIL.TiffImagePlugin:TiffImagePlugin.py:1379 More samples per pixel than can be decoded: 303169682\n\u001b[36m\u001b[1m=========================== short test summary info ============================\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_rt_metadata\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_read_metadata\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_write_metadata\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_change_stripbytecounts_tag_type\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_no_duplicate_50741_tag\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_iptc\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_writing_other_types_to_ascii[test-test]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_writing_other_types_to_ascii[1-1]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_writing_other_types_to_bytes[1]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_writing_other_types_to_bytes[value1]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_writing_other_types_to_undefined\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_undefined_zero\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_empty_metadata\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_iccprofile\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_iccprofile_binary\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_iccprofile_save_png\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_iccprofile_binary_save_png\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_exif_div_zero\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_ifd_unsigned_rational\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_ifd_signed_rational\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_ifd_signed_long\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_empty_values\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_photoshop_info\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_too_many_entries\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_tag_group_data\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_1.py::\u001b[1mtest_empty_subifd\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_sanity\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_unclosed_file\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_closed_file\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_seek_after_close\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_context_manager\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_mac_tiff\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_bigtiff\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_set_legacy_api\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_xyres_tiff\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_xyres_fallback_tiff\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_int_resolution\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_load_float_dpi[None-72.8]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_load_float_dpi[2-72.8]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_load_float_dpi[3-184.912]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_save_float_dpi\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_save_setting_missing_resolution\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_invalid_file\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_bad_exif\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_save_rgba\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_save_unsupported_mode\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_8bit_s\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_little_endian\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_big_endian\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_16bit_r\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_16bit_s\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_12bit_rawmode\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_32bit_float\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_unknown_pixel_mode\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_n_frames[Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif-1]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_n_frames[Tests/images/multipage.tiff-3]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_eoferror\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_multipage\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_multipage_last_frame\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_frame_order\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test___str__\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_dict\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test__delitem__\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_load_byte[False]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_load_byte[True]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_load_string\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_load_float\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_load_double\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_ifd_tag_type\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_exif\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_modify_exif\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_reload_exif_after_seek\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_exif_frames\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_photometric[1]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_photometric[L]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_seek\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_seek_eof\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test__limit_rational_int\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test__limit_rational_float\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_4bit\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_gray_semibyte_per_pixel\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_with_underscores\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_roundtrip_tiff_uint16\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_strip_raw\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_strip_planar_raw\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_strip_planar_raw_with_overviews\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_tiled_planar_raw\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_planar_configuration_save\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_palette[P]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_palette[PA]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_tiff_save_all\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_saving_icc_profile\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_save_icc_profile\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_save_bmp_compression\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_discard_icc_profile\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_getxmp\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_get_photoshop_blocks\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_close_on_load_exclusive\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_close_on_load_nonexclusive\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_timeout\u001b[0m\n\u001b[32mPASSED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_oom[Tests/images/oom-225817ca0f8c663be7ab4b9e717b02c661e66834.tif]\u001b[0m\n\u001b[33mSKIPPED\u001b[0m [1] r2e_tests/test_2.py:812: Extra image files not installed\n\u001b[33mSKIPPED\u001b[0m [1] r2e_tests/test_2.py:849: Windows only\n\u001b[31mFAILED\u001b[0m r2e_tests/test_2.py::\u001b[1mTestFileTiff::test_rowsperstrip\u001b[0m - assert 128 == 256\n\u001b[31m=================== \u001b[31m\u001b[1m1 failed\u001b[0m, \u001b[32m101 passed\u001b[0m, \u001b[33m2 skipped\u001b[0m\u001b[31m in 0.59s\u001b[0m\u001b[31m ===================\u001b[0m\n",
    "old_commit_res_stderr": ""
}
Tests/test_file_tiff.py Tests/test_file_tiff_metadata.py src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py
We are currently solving the following issue within our repository. Here is the issue text:
--- BEGIN ISSUE ---
**Analysis:**

- **Key Parts:**
  - **Commit Message:** "Support setting ROWSPERSTRIP tag."
  - **Test Failure Before Commit:** The test `test_rowsperstrip` expected the `ROWSPERSTRIP` tag to be `256`, but it was `128`.
  - **Commit Patch:** Modified how `ROWSPERSTRIP` is set, ensuring it only sets the tag if it's not already present.
  
- **Main Problem:** Before the commit, when setting the `ROWSPERSTRIP` tag to a specific value (e.g., `256`), the saved TIFF file did not retain this value and instead set it to `128`, causing discrepancies in expected strip sizes.

- **Expected Behavior:** When specifying the `ROWSPERSTRIP` tag during saving, the TIFF file should retain the specified value.

- **Actual Behavior:** The `ROWSPERSTRIP` tag does not retain the specified value and is set to a default or incorrect value instead.

- **Issue Description:** The issue should clearly describe the failure to retain the specified `ROWSPERSTRIP` value, provide a concise code example demonstrating the problem, and explain the discrepancy between expected and actual behavior.

---

**Drafted GitHub Issue:**

[ISSUE]
**Title:** Setting ROWSPERSTRIP tag does not retain specified value in saved TIFF files

**Description:**
When attempting to set the `ROWSPERSTRIP` tag to a specific value during the saving of a TIFF image, the saved file does not retain this value. Instead, it defaults to an unexpected value, leading to inconsistencies in how the image data is stored.

**Example Code:**
```python
from PIL import Image

# Create a simple image
im = Image.new("RGB", (100, 100))

# Save the image with ROWSPERSTRIP set to 256
im.save("temp.tif", tiffinfo={278: 256})

# Open the saved image and check the ROWSPERSTRIP tag
with Image.open("temp.tif") as im_saved:
    rows_per_strip = im_saved.tag_v2[278]
    print(f"ROWSPERSTRIP: {rows_per_strip}")  # Expected: 256
```

**Expected Behavior:**
The `ROWSPERSTRIP` tag in the saved TIFF file should be set to the specified value (`256` in this example), ensuring that the image data is divided into strips of 256 rows each.

**Actual Behavior:**
The `ROWSPERSTRIP` tag is set to a different value (`128` in this case), ignoring the specified setting and defaulting to an unexpected number of rows per strip.

[/ISSUE]
--- END ISSUE ---

Below are some code segments, each from a relevant file. One or more of these files may contain bugs.

--- BEGIN FILE ---
```
### src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py
#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# TIFF file handling
#
# TIFF is a flexible, if somewhat aged, image file format originally
# defined by Aldus.  Although TIFF supports a wide variety of pixel
# layouts and compression methods, the name doesn't really stand for
# "thousands of incompatible file formats," it just feels that way.
#
# To read TIFF data from a stream, the stream must be seekable.  For
# progressive decoding, make sure to use TIFF files where the tag
# directory is placed first in the file.
#
# History:
# 1995-09-01 fl   Created
# 1996-05-04 fl   Handle JPEGTABLES tag
# 1996-05-18 fl   Fixed COLORMAP support
# 1997-01-05 fl   Fixed PREDICTOR support
# 1997-08-27 fl   Added support for rational tags (from Perry Stoll)
# 1998-01-10 fl   Fixed seek/tell (from Jan Blom)
# 1998-07-15 fl   Use private names for internal variables
# 1999-06-13 fl   Rewritten for PIL 1.0 (1.0)
# 2000-10-11 fl   Additional fixes for Python 2.0 (1.1)
# 2001-04-17 fl   Fixed rewind support (seek to frame 0) (1.2)
# 2001-05-12 fl   Added write support for more tags (from Greg Couch) (1.3)
# 2001-12-18 fl   Added workaround for broken Matrox library
# 2002-01-18 fl   Don't mess up if photometric tag is missing (D. Alan Stewart)
# 2003-05-19 fl   Check FILLORDER tag
# 2003-09-26 fl   Added RGBa support
# 2004-02-24 fl   Added DPI support; fixed rational write support
# 2005-02-07 fl   Added workaround for broken Corel Draw 10 files
# 2006-01-09 fl   Added support for float/double tags (from Russell Nelson)
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2006 by Secret Labs AB.  All rights reserved.
# Copyright (c) 1995-1997 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations

import io
import itertools
import logging
import math
import os
import struct
import warnings
from collections.abc import MutableMapping
from fractions import Fraction
from numbers import Number, Rational

from . import ExifTags, Image, ImageFile, ImageOps, ImagePalette, TiffTags
from ._binary import i16be as i16
from ._binary import i32be as i32
from ._binary import o8
from .TiffTags import TYPES

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# Set these to true to force use of libtiff for reading or writing.
READ_LIBTIFF = False
WRITE_LIBTIFF = False
IFD_LEGACY_API = True
STRIP_SIZE = 65536

II = b"II"  # little-endian (Intel style)
MM = b"MM"  # big-endian (Motorola style)

#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Read TIFF files

# a few tag names, just to make the code below a bit more readable
IMAGEWIDTH = 256
IMAGELENGTH = 257
BITSPERSAMPLE = 258
COMPRESSION = 259
PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION = 262
FILLORDER = 266
IMAGEDESCRIPTION = 270
STRIPOFFSETS = 273
SAMPLESPERPIXEL = 277
ROWSPERSTRIP = 278
STRIPBYTECOUNTS = 279
X_RESOLUTION = 282
Y_RESOLUTION = 283
PLANAR_CONFIGURATION = 284
RESOLUTION_UNIT = 296
TRANSFERFUNCTION = 301
SOFTWARE = 305
DATE_TIME = 306
ARTIST = 315
PREDICTOR = 317
COLORMAP = 320
TILEWIDTH = 322
TILELENGTH = 323
TILEOFFSETS = 324
TILEBYTECOUNTS = 325
SUBIFD = 330
EXTRASAMPLES = 338
SAMPLEFORMAT = 339
JPEGTABLES = 347
YCBCRSUBSAMPLING = 530
REFERENCEBLACKWHITE = 532
COPYRIGHT = 33432
IPTC_NAA_CHUNK = 33723  # newsphoto properties
PHOTOSHOP_CHUNK = 34377  # photoshop properties
ICCPROFILE = 34675
EXIFIFD = 34665
XMP = 700
JPEGQUALITY = 65537  # pseudo-tag by libtiff

# https://github.com/imagej/ImageJA/blob/master/src/main/java/ij/io/TiffDecoder.java
IMAGEJ_META_DATA_BYTE_COUNTS = 50838
IMAGEJ_META_DATA = 50839

COMPRESSION_INFO = {
    # Compression => pil compression name
    1: "raw",
    2: "tiff_ccitt",
    3: "group3",
    4: "group4",
    5: "tiff_lzw",
    6: "tiff_jpeg",  # obsolete
    7: "jpeg",
    8: "tiff_adobe_deflate",
    32771: "tiff_raw_16",  # 16-bit padding
    32773: "packbits",
    32809: "tiff_thunderscan",
    32946: "tiff_deflate",
    34676: "tiff_sgilog",
    34677: "tiff_sgilog24",
    34925: "lzma",
    50000: "zstd",
    50001: "webp",
}

COMPRESSION_INFO_REV = {v: k for k, v in COMPRESSION_INFO.items()}

OPEN_INFO = {
    # (ByteOrder, PhotoInterpretation, SampleFormat, FillOrder, BitsPerSample,
    #  ExtraSamples) => mode, rawmode
    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;I"),
    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;I"),
    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;IR"),
    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;IR"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("1", "1"),
    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("1", "1"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;R"),
    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;R"),
    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2I"),
    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2I"),
    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2IR"),
    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2IR"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2"),
    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2R"),
    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2R"),
    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4I"),
    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4I"),
    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4IR"),
    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4IR"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4"),
    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4R"),
    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4R"),
    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;I"),
    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;I"),
    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;IR"),
    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;IR"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L"),
    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L"),
    (II, 1, (2,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L"),
    (MM, 1, (2,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;R"),
    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;R"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (12,), ()): ("I;16", "I;12"),
    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (16,), ()): ("I;16", "I;16"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (16,), ()): ("I;16", "I;16"),
    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (16,), ()): ("I;16B", "I;16B"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (16,), ()): ("I;16", "I;16R"),
    (II, 1, (2,), 1, (16,), ()): ("I", "I;16S"),
    (MM, 1, (2,), 1, (16,), ()): ("I", "I;16BS"),
    (II, 0, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): ("F", "F;32F"),
    (MM, 0, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): ("F", "F;32BF"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (32,), ()): ("I", "I;32N"),
    (II, 1, (2,), 1, (32,), ()): ("I", "I;32S"),
    (MM, 1, (2,), 1, (32,), ()): ("I", "I;32BS"),
    (II, 1, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): ("F", "F;32F"),
    (MM, 1, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): ("F", "F;32BF"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): ("LA", "LA"),
    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): ("LA", "LA"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGB"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGB"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 2, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGB;R"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 2, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGB;R"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),  # missing ExtraSamples
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),  # missing ExtraSamples
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): ("RGBX", "RGBX"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): ("RGBX", "RGBX"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): ("RGBX", "RGBXX"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): ("RGBX", "RGBXX"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0, 0)): ("RGBX", "RGBXXX"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0, 0)): ("RGBX", "RGBXXX"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (1,)): ("RGBA", "RGBa"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (1,)): ("RGBA", "RGBa"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBaX"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBaX"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBaXX"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBaXX"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (2,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (2,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBAX"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBAX"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBAXX"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBAXX"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (999,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),  # Corel Draw 10
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (999,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),  # Corel Draw 10
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16), ()): ("RGB", "RGB;16L"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16), ()): ("RGB", "RGB;16B"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), ()): ("RGBA", "RGBA;16L"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), ()): ("RGBA", "RGBA;16B"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (0,)): ("RGBX", "RGBX;16L"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (0,)): ("RGBX", "RGBX;16B"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (1,)): ("RGBA", "RGBa;16L"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (1,)): ("RGBA", "RGBa;16B"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (2,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA;16L"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (2,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA;16B"),
    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("P", "P;1"),
    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("P", "P;1"),
    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("P", "P;1R"),
    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("P", "P;1R"),
    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): ("P", "P;2"),
    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): ("P", "P;2"),
    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): ("P", "P;2R"),
    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): ("P", "P;2R"),
    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): ("P", "P;4"),
    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): ("P", "P;4"),
    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): ("P", "P;4R"),
    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): ("P", "P;4R"),
    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("P", "P"),
    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("P", "P"),
    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): ("PA", "PA"),
    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): ("PA", "PA"),
    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("P", "P;R"),
    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("P", "P;R"),
    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): ("CMYK", "CMYK"),
    (MM, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): ("CMYK", "CMYK"),
    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): ("CMYK", "CMYKX"),
    (MM, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): ("CMYK", "CMYKX"),
    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): ("CMYK", "CMYKXX"),
    (MM, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): ("CMYK", "CMYKXX"),
    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), ()): ("CMYK", "CMYK;16L"),
    (II, 6, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L"),
    (MM, 6, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L"),
    # JPEG compressed images handled by LibTiff and auto-converted to RGBX
    # Minimal Baseline TIFF requires YCbCr images to have 3 SamplesPerPixel
    (II, 6, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGBX"),
    (MM, 6, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGBX"),
    (II, 8, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("LAB", "LAB"),
    (MM, 8, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("LAB", "LAB"),
}

MAX_SAMPLESPERPIXEL = max(len(key_tp[4]) for key_tp in OPEN_INFO)

PREFIXES = [
    b"MM\x00\x2A",  # Valid TIFF header with big-endian byte order
    b"II\x2A\x00",  # Valid TIFF header with little-endian byte order
    b"MM\x2A\x00",  # Invalid TIFF header, assume big-endian
    b"II\x00\x2A",  # Invalid TIFF header, assume little-endian
    b"MM\x00\x2B",  # BigTIFF with big-endian byte order
    b"II\x2B\x00",  # BigTIFF with little-endian byte order
]


def _accept(prefix):
    return prefix[:4] in PREFIXES


def _limit_rational(val, max_val):
    inv = abs(val) > 1
    n_d = IFDRational(1 / val if inv else val).limit_rational(max_val)
    return n_d[::-1] if inv else n_d


def _limit_signed_rational(val, max_val, min_val):
    frac = Fraction(val)
    n_d = frac.numerator, frac.denominator

    if min(n_d) < min_val:
        n_d = _limit_rational(val, abs(min_val))

    if max(n_d) > max_val:
        val = Fraction(*n_d)
        n_d = _limit_rational(val, max_val)

    return n_d


##
# Wrapper for TIFF IFDs.

_load_dispatch = {}
_write_dispatch = {}


class IFDRational(Rational):
    """Implements a rational class where 0/0 is a legal value to match
    the in the wild use of exif rationals.

    e.g., DigitalZoomRatio - 0.00/0.00  indicates that no digital zoom was used
    """

    """ If the denominator is 0, store this as a float('nan'), otherwise store
    as a fractions.Fraction(). Delegate as appropriate

    """

    __slots__ = ("_numerator", "_denominator", "_val")

    def __init__(self, value, denominator=1):
        """
        :param value: either an integer numerator, a
        float/rational/other number, or an IFDRational
        :param denominator: Optional integer denominator
        """
        if isinstance(value, IFDRational):
            self._numerator = value.numerator
            self._denominator = value.denominator
            self._val = value._val
            return

        if isinstance(value, Fraction):
            self._numerator = value.numerator
            self._denominator = value.denominator
        else:
            self._numerator = value
            self._denominator = denominator

        if denominator == 0:
            self._val = float("nan")
        elif denominator == 1:
            self._val = Fraction(value)
        else:
            self._val = Fraction(value, denominator)

    @property
    def numerator(self):
        return self._numerator

    @property
    def denominator(self):
        return self._denominator

    def limit_rational(self, max_denominator):
        """

        :param max_denominator: Integer, the maximum denominator value
        :returns: Tuple of (numerator, denominator)
        """

        if self.denominator == 0:
            return self.numerator, self.denominator

        f = self._val.limit_denominator(max_denominator)
        return f.numerator, f.denominator

    def __repr__(self):
        return str(float(self._val))

    def __hash__(self):
        return self._val.__hash__()

    def __eq__(self, other):
        val = self._val
        if isinstance(other, IFDRational):
            other = other._val
        if isinstance(other, float):
            val = float(val)
        return val == other

    def __getstate__(self):
        return [self._val, self._numerator, self._denominator]

    def __setstate__(self, state):
        IFDRational.__init__(self, 0)
        _val, _numerator, _denominator = state
        self._val = _val
        self._numerator = _numerator
        self._denominator = _denominator

    def _delegate(op):
        def delegate(self, *args):
            return getattr(self._val, op)(*args)

        return delegate

    """ a = ['add','radd', 'sub', 'rsub', 'mul', 'rmul',
             'truediv', 'rtruediv', 'floordiv', 'rfloordiv',
             'mod','rmod', 'pow','rpow', 'pos', 'neg',
             'abs', 'trunc', 'lt', 'gt', 'le', 'ge', 'bool',
             'ceil', 'floor', 'round']
        print("\n".join("__%s__ = _delegate('__%s__')" % (s,s) for s in a))
        """

    __add__ = _delegate("__add__")
    __radd__ = _delegate("__radd__")
    __sub__ = _delegate("__sub__")
    __rsub__ = _delegate("__rsub__")
    __mul__ = _delegate("__mul__")
    __rmul__ = _delegate("__rmul__")
    __truediv__ = _delegate("__truediv__")
    __rtruediv__ = _delegate("__rtruediv__")
    __floordiv__ = _delegate("__floordiv__")
    __rfloordiv__ = _delegate("__rfloordiv__")
    __mod__ = _delegate("__mod__")
    __rmod__ = _delegate("__rmod__")
    __pow__ = _delegate("__pow__")
    __rpow__ = _delegate("__rpow__")
    __pos__ = _delegate("__pos__")
    __neg__ = _delegate("__neg__")
    __abs__ = _delegate("__abs__")
    __trunc__ = _delegate("__trunc__")
    __lt__ = _delegate("__lt__")
    __gt__ = _delegate("__gt__")
    __le__ = _delegate("__le__")
    __ge__ = _delegate("__ge__")
    __bool__ = _delegate("__bool__")
    __ceil__ = _delegate("__ceil__")
    __floor__ = _delegate("__floor__")
    __round__ = _delegate("__round__")
    # Python >= 3.11
    if hasattr(Fraction, "__int__"):
        __int__ = _delegate("__int__")


class ImageFileDirectory_v2(MutableMapping):
    """This class represents a TIFF tag directory.  To speed things up, we
    don't decode tags unless they're asked for.

    Exposes a dictionary interface of the tags in the directory::

        ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2()
        ifd[key] = 'Some Data'
        ifd.tagtype[key] = TiffTags.ASCII
        print(ifd[key])
        'Some Data'

    Individual values are returned as the strings or numbers, sequences are
    returned as tuples of the values.

    The tiff metadata type of each item is stored in a dictionary of
    tag types in
    :attr:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2.tagtype`. The types
    are read from a tiff file, guessed from the type added, or added
    manually.

    Data Structures:

        * ``self.tagtype = {}``

          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number
          * Value: integer corresponding to the data type from
            :py:data:`.TiffTags.TYPES`

          .. versionadded:: 3.0.0

    'Internal' data structures:

        * ``self._tags_v2 = {}``

          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number
          * Value: decoded data, as tuple for multiple values

        * ``self._tagdata = {}``

          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number
          * Value: undecoded byte string from file

        * ``self._tags_v1 = {}``

          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number
          * Value: decoded data in the v1 format

    Tags will be found in the private attributes ``self._tagdata``, and in
    ``self._tags_v2`` once decoded.

    ``self.legacy_api`` is a value for internal use, and shouldn't be changed
    from outside code. In cooperation with
    :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`, if ``legacy_api``
    is true, then decoded tags will be populated into both ``_tags_v1`` and
    ``_tags_v2``. ``_tags_v2`` will be used if this IFD is used in the TIFF
    save routine. Tags should be read from ``_tags_v1`` if
    ``legacy_api == true``.

    """

    def __init__(self, ifh=b"II\052\0\0\0\0\0", prefix=None, group=None):
        """Initialize an ImageFileDirectory.

        To construct an ImageFileDirectory from a real file, pass the 8-byte
        magic header to the constructor.  To only set the endianness, pass it
        as the 'prefix' keyword argument.

        :param ifh: One of the accepted magic headers (cf. PREFIXES); also sets
              endianness.
        :param prefix: Override the endianness of the file.
        """
        if not _accept(ifh):
            msg = f"not a TIFF file (header {repr(ifh)} not valid)"
            raise SyntaxError(msg)
        self._prefix = prefix if prefix is not None else ifh[:2]
        if self._prefix == MM:
            self._endian = ">"
        elif self._prefix == II:
            self._endian = "<"
        else:
            msg = "not a TIFF IFD"
            raise SyntaxError(msg)
        self._bigtiff = ifh[2] == 43
        self.group = group
        self.tagtype = {}
        """ Dictionary of tag types """
        self.reset()
        (self.next,) = (
            self._unpack("Q", ifh[8:]) if self._bigtiff else self._unpack("L", ifh[4:])
        )
        self._legacy_api = False

    prefix = property(lambda self: self._prefix)
    offset = property(lambda self: self._offset)
    legacy_api = property(lambda self: self._legacy_api)

    @legacy_api.setter
    def legacy_api(self, value):
        msg = "Not allowing setting of legacy api"
        raise Exception(msg)

    def reset(self):
        self._tags_v1 = {}  # will remain empty if legacy_api is false
        self._tags_v2 = {}  # main tag storage
        self._tagdata = {}
        self.tagtype = {}  # added 2008-06-05 by Florian Hoech
        self._next = None
        self._offset = None

    def __str__(self):
        return str(dict(self))

    def named(self):
        """
        :returns: dict of name|key: value

        Returns the complete tag dictionary, with named tags where possible.
        """
        return {
            TiffTags.lookup(code, self.group).name: value
            for code, value in self.items()
        }

    def __len__(self):
        return len(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v2))

    def __getitem__(self, tag):
        if tag not in self._tags_v2:  # unpack on the fly
            data = self._tagdata[tag]
            typ = self.tagtype[tag]
            size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]
            self[tag] = handler(self, data, self.legacy_api)  # check type
        val = self._tags_v2[tag]
        if self.legacy_api and not isinstance(val, (tuple, bytes)):
            val = (val,)
        return val

    def __contains__(self, tag):
        return tag in self._tags_v2 or tag in self._tagdata

    def __setitem__(self, tag, value):
        self._setitem(tag, value, self.legacy_api)

    def _setitem(self, tag, value, legacy_api):
        basetypes = (Number, bytes, str)

        info = TiffTags.lookup(tag, self.group)
        values = [value] if isinstance(value, basetypes) else value

        if tag not in self.tagtype:
            if info.type:
                self.tagtype[tag] = info.type
            else:
                self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.UNDEFINED
                if all(isinstance(v, IFDRational) for v in values):
                    self.tagtype[tag] = (
                        TiffTags.RATIONAL
                        if all(v >= 0 for v in values)
                        else TiffTags.SIGNED_RATIONAL
                    )
                elif all(isinstance(v, int) for v in values):
                    if all(0 <= v < 2**16 for v in values):
                        self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.SHORT
                    elif all(-(2**15) < v < 2**15 for v in values):
                        self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.SIGNED_SHORT
                    else:
                        self.tagtype[tag] = (
                            TiffTags.LONG
                            if all(v >= 0 for v in values)
                            else TiffTags.SIGNED_LONG
                        )
                elif all(isinstance(v, float) for v in values):
                    self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.DOUBLE
                elif all(isinstance(v, str) for v in values):
                    self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.ASCII
                elif all(isinstance(v, bytes) for v in values):
                    self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.BYTE

        if self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.UNDEFINED:
            values = [
                v.encode("ascii", "replace") if isinstance(v, str) else v
                for v in values
            ]
        elif self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.RATIONAL:
            values = [float(v) if isinstance(v, int) else v for v in values]

        is_ifd = self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.LONG and isinstance(values, dict)
        if not is_ifd:
            values = tuple(info.cvt_enum(value) for value in values)

        dest = self._tags_v1 if legacy_api else self._tags_v2

        # Three branches:
        # Spec'd length == 1, Actual length 1, store as element
        # Spec'd length == 1, Actual > 1, Warn and truncate. Formerly barfed.
        # No Spec, Actual length 1, Formerly (<4.2) returned a 1 element tuple.
        # Don't mess with the legacy api, since it's frozen.
        if not is_ifd and (
            (info.length == 1)
            or self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.BYTE
            or (info.length is None and len(values) == 1 and not legacy_api)
        ):
            # Don't mess with the legacy api, since it's frozen.
            if legacy_api and self.tagtype[tag] in [
                TiffTags.RATIONAL,
                TiffTags.SIGNED_RATIONAL,
            ]:  # rationals
                values = (values,)
            try:
                (dest[tag],) = values
            except ValueError:
                # We've got a builtin tag with 1 expected entry
                warnings.warn(
                    f"Metadata Warning, tag {tag} had too many entries: "
                    f"{len(values)}, expected 1"
                )
                dest[tag] = values[0]

        else:
            # Spec'd length > 1 or undefined
            # Unspec'd, and length > 1
            dest[tag] = values

    def __delitem__(self, tag):
        self._tags_v2.pop(tag, None)
        self._tags_v1.pop(tag, None)
        self._tagdata.pop(tag, None)

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v2))

    def _unpack(self, fmt, data):
        return struct.unpack(self._endian + fmt, data)

    def _pack(self, fmt, *values):
        return struct.pack(self._endian + fmt, *values)

    def _register_loader(idx, size):
        def decorator(func):
            from .TiffTags import TYPES

            if func.__name__.startswith("load_"):
                TYPES[idx] = func.__name__[5:].replace("_", " ")
            _load_dispatch[idx] = size, func  # noqa: F821
            return func

        return decorator

    def _register_writer(idx):
        def decorator(func):
            _write_dispatch[idx] = func  # noqa: F821
            return func

        return decorator

    def _register_basic(idx_fmt_name):
        from .TiffTags import TYPES

        idx, fmt, name = idx_fmt_name
        TYPES[idx] = name
        size = struct.calcsize("=" + fmt)
        _load_dispatch[idx] = (  # noqa: F821
            size,
            lambda self, data, legacy_api=True: (
                self._unpack(f"{len(data) // size}{fmt}", data)
            ),
        )
        _write_dispatch[idx] = lambda self, *values: (  # noqa: F821
            b"".join(self._pack(fmt, value) for value in values)
        )

    list(
        map(
            _register_basic,
            [
                (TiffTags.SHORT, "H", "short"),
                (TiffTags.LONG, "L", "long"),
                (TiffTags.SIGNED_BYTE, "b", "signed byte"),
                (TiffTags.SIGNED_SHORT, "h", "signed short"),
                (TiffTags.SIGNED_LONG, "l", "signed long"),
                (TiffTags.FLOAT, "f", "float"),
                (TiffTags.DOUBLE, "d", "double"),
                (TiffTags.IFD, "L", "long"),
                (TiffTags.LONG8, "Q", "long8"),
            ],
        )
    )

    @_register_loader(1, 1)  # Basic type, except for the legacy API.
    def load_byte(self, data, legacy_api=True):
        return data

    @_register_writer(1)  # Basic type, except for the legacy API.
    def write_byte(self, data):
        if isinstance(data, IFDRational):
            data = int(data)
        if isinstance(data, int):
            data = bytes((data,))
        return data

    @_register_loader(2, 1)
    def load_string(self, data, legacy_api=True):
        if data.endswith(b"\0"):
            data = data[:-1]
        return data.decode("latin-1", "replace")

    @_register_writer(2)
    def write_string(self, value):
        # remerge of https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pull/1416
        if isinstance(value, int):
            value = str(value)
        if not isinstance(value, bytes):
            value = value.encode("ascii", "replace")
        return value + b"\0"

    @_register_loader(5, 8)
    def load_rational(self, data, legacy_api=True):
        vals = self._unpack(f"{len(data) // 4}L", data)

        def combine(a, b):
            return (a, b) if legacy_api else IFDRational(a, b)

        return tuple(combine(num, denom) for num, denom in zip(vals[::2], vals[1::2]))

    @_register_writer(5)
    def write_rational(self, *values):
        return b"".join(
            self._pack("2L", *_limit_rational(frac, 2**32 - 1)) for frac in values
        )

    @_register_loader(7, 1)
    def load_undefined(self, data, legacy_api=True):
        return data

    @_register_writer(7)
    def write_undefined(self, value):
        if isinstance(value, int):
            value = str(value).encode("ascii", "replace")
        return value

    @_register_loader(10, 8)
    def load_signed_rational(self, data, legacy_api=True):
        vals = self._unpack(f"{len(data) // 4}l", data)

        def combine(a, b):
            return (a, b) if legacy_api else IFDRational(a, b)

        return tuple(combine(num, denom) for num, denom in zip(vals[::2], vals[1::2]))

    @_register_writer(10)
    def write_signed_rational(self, *values):
        return b"".join(
            self._pack("2l", *_limit_signed_rational(frac, 2**31 - 1, -(2**31)))
            for frac in values
        )

    def _ensure_read(self, fp, size):
        ret = fp.read(size)
        if len(ret) != size:
            msg = (
                "Corrupt EXIF data.  "
                f"Expecting to read {size} bytes but only got {len(ret)}. "
            )
            raise OSError(msg)
        return ret

    def load(self, fp):
        self.reset()
        self._offset = fp.tell()

        try:
            tag_count = (
                self._unpack("Q", self._ensure_read(fp, 8))
                if self._bigtiff
                else self._unpack("H", self._ensure_read(fp, 2))
            )[0]
            for i in range(tag_count):
                tag, typ, count, data = (
                    self._unpack("HHQ8s", self._ensure_read(fp, 20))
                    if self._bigtiff
                    else self._unpack("HHL4s", self._ensure_read(fp, 12))
                )

                tagname = TiffTags.lookup(tag, self.group).name
                typname = TYPES.get(typ, "unknown")
                msg = f"tag: {tagname} ({tag}) - type: {typname} ({typ})"

                try:
                    unit_size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]
                except KeyError:
                    logger.debug("%s - unsupported type %s", msg, typ)
                    continue  # ignore unsupported type
                size = count * unit_size
                if size > (8 if self._bigtiff else 4):
                    here = fp.tell()
                    (offset,) = self._unpack("Q" if self._bigtiff else "L", data)
                    msg += f" Tag Location: {here} - Data Location: {offset}"
                    fp.seek(offset)
                    data = ImageFile._safe_read(fp, size)
                    fp.seek(here)
                else:
                    data = data[:size]

                if len(data) != size:
                    warnings.warn(
                        "Possibly corrupt EXIF data.  "
                        f"Expecting to read {size} bytes but only got {len(data)}."
                        f" Skipping tag {tag}"
                    )
                    logger.debug(msg)
                    continue

                if not data:
                    logger.debug(msg)
                    continue

                self._tagdata[tag] = data
                self.tagtype[tag] = typ

                msg += " - value: " + (
                    "<table: %d bytes>" % size if size > 32 else repr(data)
                )
                logger.debug(msg)

            (self.next,) = (
                self._unpack("Q", self._ensure_read(fp, 8))
                if self._bigtiff
                else self._unpack("L", self._ensure_read(fp, 4))
            )
        except OSError as msg:
            warnings.warn(str(msg))
            return

    def tobytes(self, offset=0):
        # FIXME What about tagdata?
        result = self._pack("H", len(self._tags_v2))

        entries = []
        offset = offset + len(result) + len(self._tags_v2) * 12 + 4
        stripoffsets = None

        # pass 1: convert tags to binary format
        # always write tags in ascending order
        for tag, value in sorted(self._tags_v2.items()):
            if tag == STRIPOFFSETS:
                stripoffsets = len(entries)
            typ = self.tagtype.get(tag)
            logger.debug("Tag %s, Type: %s, Value: %s", tag, typ, repr(value))
            is_ifd = typ == TiffTags.LONG and isinstance(value, dict)
            if is_ifd:
                if self._endian == "<":
                    ifh = b"II\x2A\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00"
                else:
                    ifh = b"MM\x00\x2A\x00\x00\x00\x08"
                ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(ifh, group=tag)
                values = self._tags_v2[tag]
                for ifd_tag, ifd_value in values.items():
                    ifd[ifd_tag] = ifd_value
                data = ifd.tobytes(offset)
            else:
                values = value if isinstance(value, tuple) else (value,)
                data = self._write_dispatch[typ](self, *values)

            tagname = TiffTags.lookup(tag, self.group).name
            typname = "ifd" if is_ifd else TYPES.get(typ, "unknown")
            msg = f"save: {tagname} ({tag}) - type: {typname} ({typ})"
            msg += " - value: " + (
                "<table: %d bytes>" % len(data) if len(data) >= 16 else str(values)
            )
            logger.debug(msg)

            # count is sum of lengths for string and arbitrary data
            if is_ifd:
                count = 1
            elif typ in [TiffTags.BYTE, TiffTags.ASCII, TiffTags.UNDEFINED]:
                count = len(data)
            else:
                count = len(values)
            # figure out if data fits into the entry
            if len(data) <= 4:
                entries.append((tag, typ, count, data.ljust(4, b"\0"), b""))
            else:
                entries.append((tag, typ, count, self._pack("L", offset), data))
                offset += (len(data) + 1) // 2 * 2  # pad to word

        # update strip offset data to point beyond auxiliary data
        if stripoffsets is not None:
            tag, typ, count, value, data = entries[stripoffsets]
            if data:
                msg = "multistrip support not yet implemented"
                raise NotImplementedError(msg)
            value = self._pack("L", self._unpack("L", value)[0] + offset)
            entries[stripoffsets] = tag, typ, count, value, data

        # pass 2: write entries to file
        for tag, typ, count, value, data in entries:
            logger.debug("%s %s %s %s %s", tag, typ, count, repr(value), repr(data))
            result += self._pack("HHL4s", tag, typ, count, value)

        # -- overwrite here for multi-page --
        result += b"\0\0\0\0"  # end of entries

        # pass 3: write auxiliary data to file
        for tag, typ, count, value, data in entries:
            result += data
            if len(data) & 1:
                result += b"\0"

        return result

    def save(self, fp):
        if fp.tell() == 0:  # skip TIFF header on subsequent pages
            # tiff header -- PIL always starts the first IFD at offset 8
            fp.write(self._prefix + self._pack("HL", 42, 8))

        offset = fp.tell()
        result = self.tobytes(offset)
        fp.write(result)
        return offset + len(result)


ImageFileDirectory_v2._load_dispatch = _load_dispatch
ImageFileDirectory_v2._write_dispatch = _write_dispatch
for idx, name in TYPES.items():
    name = name.replace(" ", "_")
    setattr(ImageFileDirectory_v2, "load_" + name, _load_dispatch[idx][1])
    setattr(ImageFileDirectory_v2, "write_" + name, _write_dispatch[idx])
del _load_dispatch, _write_dispatch, idx, name


# Legacy ImageFileDirectory support.
class ImageFileDirectory_v1(ImageFileDirectory_v2):
    """This class represents the **legacy** interface to a TIFF tag directory.

    Exposes a dictionary interface of the tags in the directory::

        ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v1()
        ifd[key] = 'Some Data'
        ifd.tagtype[key] = TiffTags.ASCII
        print(ifd[key])
        ('Some Data',)

    Also contains a dictionary of tag types as read from the tiff image file,
    :attr:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1.tagtype`.

    Values are returned as a tuple.

    ..  deprecated:: 3.0.0
    """

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self._legacy_api = True

    tags = property(lambda self: self._tags_v1)
    tagdata = property(lambda self: self._tagdata)

    # defined in ImageFileDirectory_v2
    tagtype: dict
    """Dictionary of tag types"""

    @classmethod
    def from_v2(cls, original):
        """Returns an
        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`
        instance with the same data as is contained in the original
        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2`
        instance.

        :returns: :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`

        """

        ifd = cls(prefix=original.prefix)
        ifd._tagdata = original._tagdata
        ifd.tagtype = original.tagtype
        ifd.next = original.next  # an indicator for multipage tiffs
        return ifd

    def to_v2(self):
        """Returns an
        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2`
        instance with the same data as is contained in the original
        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`
        instance.

        :returns: :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2`

        """

        ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(prefix=self.prefix)
        ifd._tagdata = dict(self._tagdata)
        ifd.tagtype = dict(self.tagtype)
        ifd._tags_v2 = dict(self._tags_v2)
        return ifd

    def __contains__(self, tag):
        return tag in self._tags_v1 or tag in self._tagdata

    def __len__(self):
        return len(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v1))

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v1))

    def __setitem__(self, tag, value):
        for legacy_api in (False, True):
            self._setitem(tag, value, legacy_api)

    def __getitem__(self, tag):
        if tag not in self._tags_v1:  # unpack on the fly
            data = self._tagdata[tag]
            typ = self.tagtype[tag]
            size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]
            for legacy in (False, True):
                self._setitem(tag, handler(self, data, legacy), legacy)
        val = self._tags_v1[tag]
        if not isinstance(val, (tuple, bytes)):
            val = (val,)
        return val


# undone -- switch this pointer when IFD_LEGACY_API == False
ImageFileDirectory = ImageFileDirectory_v1


##
# Image plugin for TIFF files.


class TiffImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
    format = "TIFF"
    format_description = "Adobe TIFF"
    _close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = False

    def __init__(self, fp=None, filename=None):
        self.tag_v2 = None
        """ Image file directory (tag dictionary) """

        self.tag = None
        """ Legacy tag entries """

        super().__init__(fp, filename)

    def _open(self):
        """Open the first image in a TIFF file"""

        # Header
        ifh = self.fp.read(8)
        if ifh[2] == 43:
            ifh += self.fp.read(8)

        self.tag_v2 = ImageFileDirectory_v2(ifh)

        # legacy IFD entries will be filled in later
        self.ifd = None

        # setup frame pointers
        self.__first = self.__next = self.tag_v2.next
        self.__frame = -1
        self._fp = self.fp
        self._frame_pos = []
        self._n_frames = None

        logger.debug("*** TiffImageFile._open ***")
        logger.debug("- __first: %s", self.__first)
        logger.debug("- ifh: %s", repr(ifh))  # Use repr to avoid str(bytes)

        # and load the first frame
        self._seek(0)

    @property
    def n_frames(self):
        if self._n_frames is None:
            current = self.tell()
            self._seek(len(self._frame_pos))
            while self._n_frames is None:
                self._seek(self.tell() + 1)
            self.seek(current)
        return self._n_frames

    def seek(self, frame):
        """Select a given frame as current image"""
        if not self._seek_check(frame):
            return
        self._seek(frame)
        # Create a new core image object on second and
        # subsequent frames in the image. Image may be
        # different size/mode.
        Image._decompression_bomb_check(self.size)
        self.im = Image.core.new(self.mode, self.size)

    def _seek(self, frame):
        self.fp = self._fp

        # reset buffered io handle in case fp
        # was passed to libtiff, invalidating the buffer
        self.fp.tell()

        while len(self._frame_pos) <= frame:
            if not self.__next:
                msg = "no more images in TIFF file"
                raise EOFError(msg)
            logger.debug(
                "Seeking to frame %s, on frame %s, __next %s, location: %s",
                frame,
                self.__frame,
                self.__next,
                self.fp.tell(),
            )
            self.fp.seek(self.__next)
            self._frame_pos.append(self.__next)
            logger.debug("Loading tags, location: %s", self.fp.tell())
            self.tag_v2.load(self.fp)
            if self.tag_v2.next in self._frame_pos:
                # This IFD has already been processed
                # Declare this to be the end of the image
                self.__next = 0
            else:
                self.__next = self.tag_v2.next
            if self.__next == 0:
                self._n_frames = frame + 1
            if len(self._frame_pos) == 1:
                self.is_animated = self.__next != 0
            self.__frame += 1
        self.fp.seek(self._frame_pos[frame])
        self.tag_v2.load(self.fp)
        self._reload_exif()
        # fill the legacy tag/ifd entries
        self.tag = self.ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v1.from_v2(self.tag_v2)
        self.__frame = frame
        self._setup()

    def tell(self):
        """Return the current frame number"""
        return self.__frame

    def getxmp(self):
        """
        Returns a dictionary containing the XMP tags.
        Requires defusedxml to be installed.

        :returns: XMP tags in a dictionary.
        """
        return self._getxmp(self.tag_v2[XMP]) if XMP in self.tag_v2 else {}

    def get_photoshop_blocks(self):
        """
        Returns a dictionary of Photoshop "Image Resource Blocks".
        The keys are the image resource ID. For more information, see
        https://www.adobe.com/devnet-apps/photoshop/fileformatashtml/#50577409_pgfId-1037727

        :returns: Photoshop "Image Resource Blocks" in a dictionary.
        """
        blocks = {}
        val = self.tag_v2.get(ExifTags.Base.ImageResources)
        if val:
            while val[:4] == b"8BIM":
                id = i16(val[4:6])
                n = math.ceil((val[6] + 1) / 2) * 2
                size = i32(val[6 + n : 10 + n])
                data = val[10 + n : 10 + n + size]
                blocks[id] = {"data": data}

                val = val[math.ceil((10 + n + size) / 2) * 2 :]
        return blocks

    def load(self):
        if self.tile and self.use_load_libtiff:
            return self._load_libtiff()
        return super().load()

    def load_end(self):
        # allow closing if we're on the first frame, there's no next
        # This is the ImageFile.load path only, libtiff specific below.
        if not self.is_animated:
            self._close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = True

            # reset buffered io handle in case fp
            # was passed to libtiff, invalidating the buffer
            self.fp.tell()

            # load IFD data from fp before it is closed
            exif = self.getexif()
            for key in TiffTags.TAGS_V2_GROUPS:
                if key not in exif:
                    continue
                exif.get_ifd(key)

        ImageOps.exif_transpose(self, in_place=True)
        if ExifTags.Base.Orientation in self.tag_v2:
            del self.tag_v2[ExifTags.Base.Orientation]

    def _load_libtiff(self):
        """Overload method triggered when we detect a compressed tiff
        Calls out to libtiff"""

        Image.Image.load(self)

        self.load_prepare()

        if not len(self.tile) == 1:
            msg = "Not exactly one tile"
            raise OSError(msg)

        # (self._compression, (extents tuple),
        #   0, (rawmode, self._compression, fp))
        extents = self.tile[0][1]
        args = list(self.tile[0][3])

        # To be nice on memory footprint, if there's a
        # file descriptor, use that instead of reading
        # into a string in python.
        try:
            fp = hasattr(self.fp, "fileno") and self.fp.fileno()
            # flush the file descriptor, prevents error on pypy 2.4+
            # should also eliminate the need for fp.tell
            # in _seek
            if hasattr(self.fp, "flush"):
                self.fp.flush()
        except OSError:
            # io.BytesIO have a fileno, but returns an OSError if
            # it doesn't use a file descriptor.
            fp = False

        if fp:
            args[2] = fp

        decoder = Image._getdecoder(
            self.mode, "libtiff", tuple(args), self.decoderconfig
        )
        try:
            decoder.setimage(self.im, extents)
        except ValueError as e:
            msg = "Couldn't set the image"
            raise OSError(msg) from e

        close_self_fp = self._exclusive_fp and not self.is_animated
        if hasattr(self.fp, "getvalue"):
            # We've got a stringio like thing passed in. Yay for all in memory.
            # The decoder needs the entire file in one shot, so there's not
            # a lot we can do here other than give it the entire file.
            # unless we could do something like get the address of the
            # underlying string for stringio.
            #
            # Rearranging for supporting byteio items, since they have a fileno
            # that returns an OSError if there's no underlying fp. Easier to
            # deal with here by reordering.
            logger.debug("have getvalue. just sending in a string from getvalue")
            n, err = decoder.decode(self.fp.getvalue())
        elif fp:
            # we've got a actual file on disk, pass in the fp.
            logger.debug("have fileno, calling fileno version of the decoder.")
            if not close_self_fp:
                self.fp.seek(0)
            # 4 bytes, otherwise the trace might error out
            n, err = decoder.decode(b"fpfp")
        else:
            # we have something else.
            logger.debug("don't have fileno or getvalue. just reading")
            self.fp.seek(0)
            # UNDONE -- so much for that buffer size thing.
            n, err = decoder.decode(self.fp.read())

        self.tile = []
        self.readonly = 0

        self.load_end()

        if close_self_fp:
            self.fp.close()
            self.fp = None  # might be shared

        if err < 0:
            raise OSError(err)

        return Image.Image.load(self)

    def _setup(self):
        """Setup this image object based on current tags"""

        if 0xBC01 in self.tag_v2:
            msg = "Windows Media Photo files not yet supported"
            raise OSError(msg)

        # extract relevant tags
        self._compression = COMPRESSION_INFO[self.tag_v2.get(COMPRESSION, 1)]
        self._planar_configuration = self.tag_v2.get(PLANAR_CONFIGURATION, 1)

        # photometric is a required tag, but not everyone is reading
        # the specification
        photo = self.tag_v2.get(PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION, 0)

        # old style jpeg compression images most certainly are YCbCr
        if self._compression == "tiff_jpeg":
            photo = 6

        fillorder = self.tag_v2.get(FILLORDER, 1)

        logger.debug("*** Summary ***")
        logger.debug("- compression: %s", self._compression)
        logger.debug("- photometric_interpretation: %s", photo)
        logger.debug("- planar_configuration: %s", self._planar_configuration)
        logger.debug("- fill_order: %s", fillorder)
        logger.debug("- YCbCr subsampling: %s", self.tag.get(YCBCRSUBSAMPLING))

        # size
        xsize = int(self.tag_v2.get(IMAGEWIDTH))
        ysize = int(self.tag_v2.get(IMAGELENGTH))
        self._size = xsize, ysize

        logger.debug("- size: %s", self.size)

        sample_format = self.tag_v2.get(SAMPLEFORMAT, (1,))
        if len(sample_format) > 1 and max(sample_format) == min(sample_format) == 1:
            # SAMPLEFORMAT is properly per band, so an RGB image will
            # be (1,1,1).  But, we don't support per band pixel types,
            # and anything more than one band is a uint8. So, just
            # take the first element. Revisit this if adding support
            # for more exotic images.
            sample_format = (1,)

        bps_tuple = self.tag_v2.get(BITSPERSAMPLE, (1,))
        extra_tuple = self.tag_v2.get(EXTRASAMPLES, ())
        if photo in (2, 6, 8):  # RGB, YCbCr, LAB
            bps_count = 3
        elif photo == 5:  # CMYK
            bps_count = 4
        else:
            bps_count = 1
        bps_count += len(extra_tuple)
        bps_actual_count = len(bps_tuple)
        samples_per_pixel = self.tag_v2.get(
            SAMPLESPERPIXEL,
            3 if self._compression == "tiff_jpeg" and photo in (2, 6) else 1,
        )

        if samples_per_pixel > MAX_SAMPLESPERPIXEL:
            # DOS check, samples_per_pixel can be a Long, and we extend the tuple below
            logger.error(
                "More samples per pixel than can be decoded: %s", samples_per_pixel
            )
            msg = "Invalid value for samples per pixel"
            raise SyntaxError(msg)

        if samples_per_pixel < bps_actual_count:
            # If a file has more values in bps_tuple than expected,
            # remove the excess.
            bps_tuple = bps_tuple[:samples_per_pixel]
        elif samples_per_pixel > bps_actual_count and bps_actual_count == 1:
            # If a file has only one value in bps_tuple, when it should have more,
            # presume it is the same number of bits for all of the samples.
            bps_tuple = bps_tuple * samples_per_pixel

        if len(bps_tuple) != samples_per_pixel:
            msg = "unknown data organization"
            raise SyntaxError(msg)

        # mode: check photometric interpretation and bits per pixel
        key = (
            self.tag_v2.prefix,
            photo,
            sample_format,
            fillorder,
            bps_tuple,
            extra_tuple,
        )
        logger.debug("format key: %s", key)
        try:
            self._mode, rawmode = OPEN_INFO[key]
        except KeyError as e:
            logger.debug("- unsupported format")
            msg = "unknown pixel mode"
            raise SyntaxError(msg) from e

        logger.debug("- raw mode: %s", rawmode)
        logger.debug("- pil mode: %s", self.mode)

        self.info["compression"] = self._compression

        xres = self.tag_v2.get(X_RESOLUTION, 1)
        yres = self.tag_v2.get(Y_RESOLUTION, 1)

        if xres and yres:
            resunit = self.tag_v2.get(RESOLUTION_UNIT)
            if resunit == 2:  # dots per inch
                self.info["dpi"] = (xres, yres)
            elif resunit == 3:  # dots per centimeter. convert to dpi
                self.info["dpi"] = (xres * 2.54, yres * 2.54)
            elif resunit is None:  # used to default to 1, but now 2)
                self.info["dpi"] = (xres, yres)
                # For backward compatibility,
                # we also preserve the old behavior
                self.info["resolution"] = xres, yres
            else:  # No absolute unit of measurement
                self.info["resolution"] = xres, yres

        # build tile descriptors
        x = y = layer = 0
        self.tile = []
        self.use_load_libtiff = READ_LIBTIFF or self._compression != "raw"
        if self.use_load_libtiff:
            # Decoder expects entire file as one tile.
            # There's a buffer size limit in load (64k)
            # so large g4 images will fail if we use that
            # function.
            #
            # Setup the one tile for the whole image, then
            # use the _load_libtiff function.

            # libtiff handles the fillmode for us, so 1;IR should
            # actually be 1;I. Including the R double reverses the
            # bits, so stripes of the image are reversed.  See
            # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/279
            if fillorder == 2:
                # Replace fillorder with fillorder=1
                key = key[:3] + (1,) + key[4:]
                logger.debug("format key: %s", key)
                # this should always work, since all the
                # fillorder==2 modes have a corresponding
                # fillorder=1 mode
                self._mode, rawmode = OPEN_INFO[key]
            # libtiff always returns the bytes in native order.
            # we're expecting image byte order. So, if the rawmode
            # contains I;16, we need to convert from native to image
            # byte order.
            if rawmode == "I;16":
                rawmode = "I;16N"
            if ";16B" in rawmode:
                rawmode = rawmode.replace(";16B", ";16N")
            if ";16L" in rawmode:
                rawmode = rawmode.replace(";16L", ";16N")

            # YCbCr images with new jpeg compression with pixels in one plane
            # unpacked straight into RGB values
            if (
                photo == 6
                and self._compression == "jpeg"
                and self._planar_configuration == 1
            ):
                rawmode = "RGB"

            # Offset in the tile tuple is 0, we go from 0,0 to
            # w,h, and we only do this once -- eds
            a = (rawmode, self._compression, False, self.tag_v2.offset)
            self.tile.append(("libtiff", (0, 0, xsize, ysize), 0, a))

        elif STRIPOFFSETS in self.tag_v2 or TILEOFFSETS in self.tag_v2:
            # striped image
            if STRIPOFFSETS in self.tag_v2:
                offsets = self.tag_v2[STRIPOFFSETS]
                h = self.tag_v2.get(ROWSPERSTRIP, ysize)
                w = self.size[0]
            else:
                # tiled image
                offsets = self.tag_v2[TILEOFFSETS]
                w = self.tag_v2.get(TILEWIDTH)
                h = self.tag_v2.get(TILELENGTH)

            for offset in offsets:
                if x + w > xsize:
                    stride = w * sum(bps_tuple) / 8  # bytes per line
                else:
                    stride = 0

                tile_rawmode = rawmode
                if self._planar_configuration == 2:
                    # each band on it's own layer
                    tile_rawmode = rawmode[layer]
                    # adjust stride width accordingly
                    stride /= bps_count

                a = (tile_rawmode, int(stride), 1)
                self.tile.append(
                    (
                        self._compression,
                        (x, y, min(x + w, xsize), min(y + h, ysize)),
                        offset,
                        a,
                    )
                )
                x = x + w
                if x >= self.size[0]:
                    x, y = 0, y + h
                    if y >= self.size[1]:
                        x = y = 0
                        layer += 1
        else:
            logger.debug("- unsupported data organization")
            msg = "unknown data organization"
            raise SyntaxError(msg)

        # Fix up info.
        if ICCPROFILE in self.tag_v2:
            self.info["icc_profile"] = self.tag_v2[ICCPROFILE]

        # fixup palette descriptor

        if self.mode in ["P", "PA"]:
            palette = [o8(b // 256) for b in self.tag_v2[COLORMAP]]
            self.palette = ImagePalette.raw("RGB;L", b"".join(palette))


#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Write TIFF files

# little endian is default except for image modes with
# explicit big endian byte-order

SAVE_INFO = {
    # mode => rawmode, byteorder, photometrics,
    #           sampleformat, bitspersample, extra
    "1": ("1", II, 1, 1, (1,), None),
    "L": ("L", II, 1, 1, (8,), None),
    "LA": ("LA", II, 1, 1, (8, 8), 2),
    "P": ("P", II, 3, 1, (8,), None),
    "PA": ("PA", II, 3, 1, (8, 8), 2),
    "I": ("I;32S", II, 1, 2, (32,), None),
    "I;16": ("I;16", II, 1, 1, (16,), None),
    "I;16S": ("I;16S", II, 1, 2, (16,), None),
    "F": ("F;32F", II, 1, 3, (32,), None),
    "RGB": ("RGB", II, 2, 1, (8, 8, 8), None),
    "RGBX": ("RGBX", II, 2, 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), 0),
    "RGBA": ("RGBA", II, 2, 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), 2),
    "CMYK": ("CMYK", II, 5, 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), None),
    "YCbCr": ("YCbCr", II, 6, 1, (8, 8, 8), None),
    "LAB": ("LAB", II, 8, 1, (8, 8, 8), None),
    "I;32BS": ("I;32BS", MM, 1, 2, (32,), None),
    "I;16B": ("I;16B", MM, 1, 1, (16,), None),
    "I;16BS": ("I;16BS", MM, 1, 2, (16,), None),
    "F;32BF": ("F;32BF", MM, 1, 3, (32,), None),
}


def _save(im, fp, filename):
    try:
        rawmode, prefix, photo, format, bits, extra = SAVE_INFO[im.mode]
    except KeyError as e:
        msg = f"cannot write mode {im.mode} as TIFF"
        raise OSError(msg) from e

    ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(prefix=prefix)

    encoderinfo = im.encoderinfo
    encoderconfig = im.encoderconfig
    try:
        compression = encoderinfo["compression"]
    except KeyError:
        compression = im.info.get("compression")
        if isinstance(compression, int):
            # compression value may be from BMP. Ignore it
            compression = None
    if compression is None:
        compression = "raw"
    elif compression == "tiff_jpeg":
        # OJPEG is obsolete, so use new-style JPEG compression instead
        compression = "jpeg"
    elif compression == "tiff_deflate":
        compression = "tiff_adobe_deflate"

    libtiff = WRITE_LIBTIFF or compression != "raw"

    # required for color libtiff images
    ifd[PLANAR_CONFIGURATION] = 1

    ifd[IMAGEWIDTH] = im.size[0]
    ifd[IMAGELENGTH] = im.size[1]

    # write any arbitrary tags passed in as an ImageFileDirectory
    if "tiffinfo" in encoderinfo:
        info = encoderinfo["tiffinfo"]
    elif "exif" in encoderinfo:
        info = encoderinfo["exif"]
        if isinstance(info, bytes):
            exif = Image.Exif()
            exif.load(info)
            info = exif
    else:
        info = {}
    logger.debug("Tiffinfo Keys: %s", list(info))
    if isinstance(info, ImageFileDirectory_v1):
        info = info.to_v2()
    for key in info:
        if isinstance(info, Image.Exif) and key in TiffTags.TAGS_V2_GROUPS:
            ifd[key] = info.get_ifd(key)
        else:
            ifd[key] = info.get(key)
        try:
            ifd.tagtype[key] = info.tagtype[key]
        except Exception:
            pass  # might not be an IFD. Might not have populated type

    # additions written by Greg Couch, gregc@cgl.ucsf.edu
    # inspired by image-sig posting from Kevin Cazabon, kcazabon@home.com
    if hasattr(im, "tag_v2"):
        # preserve tags from original TIFF image file
        for key in (
            RESOLUTION_UNIT,
            X_RESOLUTION,
            Y_RESOLUTION,
            IPTC_NAA_CHUNK,
            PHOTOSHOP_CHUNK,
            XMP,
        ):
            if key in im.tag_v2:
                ifd[key] = im.tag_v2[key]
                ifd.tagtype[key] = im.tag_v2.tagtype[key]

    # preserve ICC profile (should also work when saving other formats
    # which support profiles as TIFF) -- 2008-06-06 Florian Hoech
    icc = encoderinfo.get("icc_profile", im.info.get("icc_profile"))
    if icc:
        ifd[ICCPROFILE] = icc

    for key, name in [
        (IMAGEDESCRIPTION, "description"),
        (X_RESOLUTION, "resolution"),
        (Y_RESOLUTION, "resolution"),
        (X_RESOLUTION, "x_resolution"),
        (Y_RESOLUTION, "y_resolution"),
        (RESOLUTION_UNIT, "resolution_unit"),
        (SOFTWARE, "software"),
        (DATE_TIME, "date_time"),
        (ARTIST, "artist"),
        (COPYRIGHT, "copyright"),
    ]:
        if name in encoderinfo:
            ifd[key] = encoderinfo[name]

    dpi = encoderinfo.get("dpi")
    if dpi:
        ifd[RESOLUTION_UNIT] = 2
        ifd[X_RESOLUTION] = dpi[0]
        ifd[Y_RESOLUTION] = dpi[1]

    if bits != (1,):
        ifd[BITSPERSAMPLE] = bits
        if len(bits) != 1:
            ifd[SAMPLESPERPIXEL] = len(bits)
    if extra is not None:
        ifd[EXTRASAMPLES] = extra
    if format != 1:
        ifd[SAMPLEFORMAT] = format

    if PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION not in ifd:
        ifd[PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION] = photo
    elif im.mode in ("1", "L") and ifd[PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION] == 0:
        if im.mode == "1":
            inverted_im = im.copy()
            px = inverted_im.load()
            for y in range(inverted_im.height):
                for x in range(inverted_im.width):
                    px[x, y] = 0 if px[x, y] == 255 else 255
            im = inverted_im
        else:
            im = ImageOps.invert(im)

    if im.mode in ["P", "PA"]:
        lut = im.im.getpalette("RGB", "RGB;L")
        colormap = []
        colors = len(lut) // 3
        for i in range(3):
            colormap += [v * 256 for v in lut[colors * i : colors * (i + 1)]]
            colormap += [0] * (256 - colors)
        ifd[COLORMAP] = colormap
    # data orientation
    stride = len(bits) * ((im.size[0] * bits[0] + 7) // 8)
    # aim for given strip size (64 KB by default) when using libtiff writer
    if libtiff:
        im_strip_size = encoderinfo.get("strip_size", STRIP_SIZE)
        rows_per_strip = 1 if stride == 0 else min(im_strip_size // stride, im.size[1])
        # JPEG encoder expects multiple of 8 rows
        if compression == "jpeg":
            rows_per_strip = min(((rows_per_strip + 7) // 8) * 8, im.size[1])
    else:
        rows_per_strip = im.size[1]
    if rows_per_strip == 0:
        rows_per_strip = 1
    strip_byte_counts = 1 if stride == 0 else stride * rows_per_strip
    strips_per_image = (im.size[1] + rows_per_strip - 1) // rows_per_strip
    ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP] = rows_per_strip
    if strip_byte_counts >= 2**16:
        ifd.tagtype[STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = TiffTags.LONG
    ifd[STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = (strip_byte_counts,) * (strips_per_image - 1) + (
        stride * im.size[1] - strip_byte_counts * (strips_per_image - 1),
    )
    ifd[STRIPOFFSETS] = tuple(
        range(0, strip_byte_counts * strips_per_image, strip_byte_counts)
    )  # this is adjusted by IFD writer
    # no compression by default:
    ifd[COMPRESSION] = COMPRESSION_INFO_REV.get(compression, 1)

    if im.mode == "YCbCr":
        for tag, value in {
            YCBCRSUBSAMPLING: (1, 1),
            REFERENCEBLACKWHITE: (0, 255, 128, 255, 128, 255),
        }.items():
            ifd.setdefault(tag, value)

    blocklist = [TILEWIDTH, TILELENGTH, TILEOFFSETS, TILEBYTECOUNTS]
    if libtiff:
        if "quality" in encoderinfo:
            quality = encoderinfo["quality"]
            if not isinstance(quality, int) or quality < 0 or quality > 100:
                msg = "Invalid quality setting"
                raise ValueError(msg)
            if compression != "jpeg":
                msg = "quality setting only supported for 'jpeg' compression"
                raise ValueError(msg)
            ifd[JPEGQUALITY] = quality

        logger.debug("Saving using libtiff encoder")
        logger.debug("Items: %s", sorted(ifd.items()))
        _fp = 0
        if hasattr(fp, "fileno"):
            try:
                fp.seek(0)
                _fp = os.dup(fp.fileno())
            except io.UnsupportedOperation:
                pass

        # optional types for non core tags
        types = {}
        # STRIPOFFSETS and STRIPBYTECOUNTS are added by the library
        # based on the data in the strip.
        # The other tags expect arrays with a certain length (fixed or depending on
        # BITSPERSAMPLE, etc), passing arrays with a different length will result in
        # segfaults. Block these tags until we add extra validation.
        # SUBIFD may also cause a segfault.
        blocklist += [
            REFERENCEBLACKWHITE,
            STRIPBYTECOUNTS,
            STRIPOFFSETS,
            TRANSFERFUNCTION,
            SUBIFD,
        ]

        # bits per sample is a single short in the tiff directory, not a list.
        atts = {BITSPERSAMPLE: bits[0]}
        # Merge the ones that we have with (optional) more bits from
        # the original file, e.g x,y resolution so that we can
        # save(load('')) == original file.
        legacy_ifd = {}
        if hasattr(im, "tag"):
            legacy_ifd = im.tag.to_v2()

        # SAMPLEFORMAT is determined by the image format and should not be copied
        # from legacy_ifd.
        supplied_tags = {**getattr(im, "tag_v2", {}), **legacy_ifd}
        if SAMPLEFORMAT in supplied_tags:
            del supplied_tags[SAMPLEFORMAT]

        for tag, value in itertools.chain(ifd.items(), supplied_tags.items()):
            # Libtiff can only process certain core items without adding
            # them to the custom dictionary.
            # Custom items are supported for int, float, unicode, string and byte
            # values. Other types and tuples require a tagtype.
            if tag not in TiffTags.LIBTIFF_CORE:
                if not getattr(Image.core, "libtiff_support_custom_tags", False):
                    continue

                if tag in ifd.tagtype:
                    types[tag] = ifd.tagtype[tag]
                elif not (isinstance(value, (int, float, str, bytes))):
                    continue
                else:
                    type = TiffTags.lookup(tag).type
                    if type:
                        types[tag] = type
            if tag not in atts and tag not in blocklist:
                if isinstance(value, str):
                    atts[tag] = value.encode("ascii", "replace") + b"\0"
                elif isinstance(value, IFDRational):
                    atts[tag] = float(value)
                else:
                    atts[tag] = value

        if SAMPLEFORMAT in atts and len(atts[SAMPLEFORMAT]) == 1:
            atts[SAMPLEFORMAT] = atts[SAMPLEFORMAT][0]

        logger.debug("Converted items: %s", sorted(atts.items()))

        # libtiff always expects the bytes in native order.
        # we're storing image byte order. So, if the rawmode
        # contains I;16, we need to convert from native to image
        # byte order.
        if im.mode in ("I;16B", "I;16"):
            rawmode = "I;16N"

        # Pass tags as sorted list so that the tags are set in a fixed order.
        # This is required by libtiff for some tags. For example, the JPEGQUALITY
        # pseudo tag requires that the COMPRESS tag was already set.
        tags = list(atts.items())
        tags.sort()
        a = (rawmode, compression, _fp, filename, tags, types)
        e = Image._getencoder(im.mode, "libtiff", a, encoderconfig)
        e.setimage(im.im, (0, 0) + im.size)
        while True:
            # undone, change to self.decodermaxblock:
            errcode, data = e.encode(16 * 1024)[1:]
            if not _fp:
                fp.write(data)
            if errcode:
                break
        if _fp:
            try:
                os.close(_fp)
            except OSError:
                pass
        if errcode < 0:
            msg = f"encoder error {errcode} when writing image file"
            raise OSError(msg)

    else:
        for tag in blocklist:
            del ifd[tag]
        offset = ifd.save(fp)

        ImageFile._save(
            im, fp, [("raw", (0, 0) + im.size, offset, (rawmode, stride, 1))]
        )

    # -- helper for multi-page save --
    if "_debug_multipage" in encoderinfo:
        # just to access o32 and o16 (using correct byte order)
        im._debug_multipage = ifd


class AppendingTiffWriter:
    fieldSizes = [
        0,  # None
        1,  # byte
        1,  # ascii
        2,  # short
        4,  # long
        8,  # rational
        1,  # sbyte
        1,  # undefined
        2,  # sshort
        4,  # slong
        8,  # srational
        4,  # float
        8,  # double
        4,  # ifd
        2,  # unicode
        4,  # complex
        8,  # long8
    ]

    Tags = {
        273,  # StripOffsets
        288,  # FreeOffsets
        324,  # TileOffsets
        519,  # JPEGQTables
        520,  # JPEGDCTables
        521,  # JPEGACTables
    }

    def __init__(self, fn, new=False):
        if hasattr(fn, "read"):
            self.f = fn
            self.close_fp = False
        else:
            self.name = fn
            self.close_fp = True
            try:
                self.f = open(fn, "w+b" if new else "r+b")
            except OSError:
                self.f = open(fn, "w+b")
        self.beginning = self.f.tell()
        self.setup()

    def setup(self):
        # Reset everything.
        self.f.seek(self.beginning, os.SEEK_SET)

        self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset = None
        self.offsetOfNewPage = 0

        self.IIMM = iimm = self.f.read(4)
        if not iimm:
            # empty file - first page
            self.isFirst = True
            return

        self.isFirst = False
        if iimm == b"II\x2a\x00":
            self.setEndian("<")
        elif iimm == b"MM\x00\x2a":
            self.setEndian(">")
        else:
            msg = "Invalid TIFF file header"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)

        self.skipIFDs()
        self.goToEnd()

    def finalize(self):
        if self.isFirst:
            return

        # fix offsets
        self.f.seek(self.offsetOfNewPage)

        iimm = self.f.read(4)
        if not iimm:
            # Make it easy to finish a frame without committing to a new one.
            return

        if iimm != self.IIMM:
            msg = "IIMM of new page doesn't match IIMM of first page"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)

        ifd_offset = self.readLong()
        ifd_offset += self.offsetOfNewPage
        self.f.seek(self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset)
        self.writeLong(ifd_offset)
        self.f.seek(ifd_offset)
        self.fixIFD()

    def newFrame(self):
        # Call this to finish a frame.
        self.finalize()
        self.setup()

    def __enter__(self):
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        if self.close_fp:
            self.close()
        return False

    def tell(self):
        return self.f.tell() - self.offsetOfNewPage

    def seek(self, offset, whence=io.SEEK_SET):
        if whence == os.SEEK_SET:
            offset += self.offsetOfNewPage

        self.f.seek(offset, whence)
        return self.tell()

    def goToEnd(self):
        self.f.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
        pos = self.f.tell()

        # pad to 16 byte boundary
        pad_bytes = 16 - pos % 16
        if 0 < pad_bytes < 16:
            self.f.write(bytes(pad_bytes))
        self.offsetOfNewPage = self.f.tell()

    def setEndian(self, endian):
        self.endian = endian
        self.longFmt = self.endian + "L"
        self.shortFmt = self.endian + "H"
        self.tagFormat = self.endian + "HHL"

    def skipIFDs(self):
        while True:
            ifd_offset = self.readLong()
            if ifd_offset == 0:
                self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset = self.f.tell() - 4
                break

            self.f.seek(ifd_offset)
            num_tags = self.readShort()
            self.f.seek(num_tags * 12, os.SEEK_CUR)

    def write(self, data):
        return self.f.write(data)

    def readShort(self):
        (value,) = struct.unpack(self.shortFmt, self.f.read(2))
        return value

    def readLong(self):
        (value,) = struct.unpack(self.longFmt, self.f.read(4))
        return value

    def rewriteLastShortToLong(self, value):
        self.f.seek(-2, os.SEEK_CUR)
        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.longFmt, value))
        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 4:
            msg = f"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 4"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)

    def rewriteLastShort(self, value):
        self.f.seek(-2, os.SEEK_CUR)
        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.shortFmt, value))
        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 2:
            msg = f"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 2"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)

    def rewriteLastLong(self, value):
        self.f.seek(-4, os.SEEK_CUR)
        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.longFmt, value))
        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 4:
            msg = f"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 4"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)

    def writeShort(self, value):
        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.shortFmt, value))
        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 2:
            msg = f"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 2"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)

    def writeLong(self, value):
        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.longFmt, value))
        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 4:
            msg = f"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 4"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)

    def close(self):
        self.finalize()
        self.f.close()

    def fixIFD(self):
        num_tags = self.readShort()

        for i in range(num_tags):
            tag, field_type, count = struct.unpack(self.tagFormat, self.f.read(8))

            field_size = self.fieldSizes[field_type]
            total_size = field_size * count
            is_local = total_size <= 4
            if not is_local:
                offset = self.readLong()
                offset += self.offsetOfNewPage
                self.rewriteLastLong(offset)

            if tag in self.Tags:
                cur_pos = self.f.tell()

                if is_local:
                    self.fixOffsets(
                        count, isShort=(field_size == 2), isLong=(field_size == 4)
                    )
                    self.f.seek(cur_pos + 4)
                else:
                    self.f.seek(offset)
                    self.fixOffsets(
                        count, isShort=(field_size == 2), isLong=(field_size == 4)
                    )
                    self.f.seek(cur_pos)

                offset = cur_pos = None

            elif is_local:
                # skip the locally stored value that is not an offset
                self.f.seek(4, os.SEEK_CUR)

    def fixOffsets(self, count, isShort=False, isLong=False):
        if not isShort and not isLong:
            msg = "offset is neither short nor long"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)

        for i in range(count):
            offset = self.readShort() if isShort else self.readLong()
            offset += self.offsetOfNewPage
            if isShort and offset >= 65536:
                # offset is now too large - we must convert shorts to longs
                if count != 1:
                    msg = "not implemented"
                    raise RuntimeError(msg)  # XXX TODO

                # simple case - the offset is just one and therefore it is
                # local (not referenced with another offset)
                self.rewriteLastShortToLong(offset)
                self.f.seek(-10, os.SEEK_CUR)
                self.writeShort(TiffTags.LONG)  # rewrite the type to LONG
                self.f.seek(8, os.SEEK_CUR)
            elif isShort:
                self.rewriteLastShort(offset)
            else:
                self.rewriteLastLong(offset)


def _save_all(im, fp, filename):
    encoderinfo = im.encoderinfo.copy()
    encoderconfig = im.encoderconfig
    append_images = list(encoderinfo.get("append_images", []))
    if not hasattr(im, "n_frames") and not append_images:
        return _save(im, fp, filename)

    cur_idx = im.tell()
    try:
        with AppendingTiffWriter(fp) as tf:
            for ims in [im] + append_images:
                ims.encoderinfo = encoderinfo
                ims.encoderconfig = encoderconfig
                if not hasattr(ims, "n_frames"):
                    nfr = 1
                else:
                    nfr = ims.n_frames

                for idx in range(nfr):
                    ims.seek(idx)
                    ims.load()
                    _save(ims, tf, filename)
                    tf.newFrame()
    finally:
        im.seek(cur_idx)


#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Register

Image.register_open(TiffImageFile.format, TiffImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_save(TiffImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_save_all(TiffImageFile.format, _save_all)

Image.register_extensions(TiffImageFile.format, [".tif", ".tiff"])

Image.register_mime(TiffImageFile.format, "image/tiff")

```
--- END FILE ---

Please first localize the bug based on the issue statement, and then generate *SEARCH/REPLACE* edits to fix the issue.

Every *SEARCH/REPLACE* edit must use this format:
1. The file path
2. The start of search block: <<<<<<< SEARCH
3. A contiguous chunk of lines to search for in the existing source code
4. The dividing line: =======
5. The lines to replace into the source code
6. The end of the replace block: >>>>>>> REPLACE

Here is an example:

```python
### mathweb/flask/app.py
<<<<<<< SEARCH
from flask import Flask
=======
import math
from flask import Flask
>>>>>>> REPLACE
```
</solution>

Please note that the *SEARCH/REPLACE* edit REQUIRES PROPER INDENTATION. If you would like to add the line '        print(x)', you must fully write that out, with all those spaces before the code!
Wrap each *SEARCH/REPLACE* edit in a code block as shown in the example above. If you have multiple *SEARCH/REPLACE* edits, use a separate code block for each one.
**Analysis:**

- **Key Parts:**
  - **Commit Message:** "Support setting ROWSPERSTRIP tag."
  - **Test Failure Before Commit:** The test `test_rowsperstrip` expected the `ROWSPERSTRIP` tag to be `256`, but it was `128`.
  - **Commit Patch:** Modified how `ROWSPERSTRIP` is set, ensuring it only sets the tag if it's not already present.
  
- **Main Problem:** Before the commit, when setting the `ROWSPERSTRIP` tag to a specific value (e.g., `256`), the saved TIFF file did not retain this value and instead set it to `128`, causing discrepancies in expected strip sizes.

- **Expected Behavior:** When specifying the `ROWSPERSTRIP` tag during saving, the TIFF file should retain the specified value.

- **Actual Behavior:** The `ROWSPERSTRIP` tag does not retain the specified value and is set to a default or incorrect value instead.

- **Issue Description:** The issue should clearly describe the failure to retain the specified `ROWSPERSTRIP` value, provide a concise code example demonstrating the problem, and explain the discrepancy between expected and actual behavior.

---

**Drafted GitHub Issue:**

[ISSUE]
**Title:** Setting ROWSPERSTRIP tag does not retain specified value in saved TIFF files

**Description:**
When attempting to set the `ROWSPERSTRIP` tag to a specific value during the saving of a TIFF image, the saved file does not retain this value. Instead, it defaults to an unexpected value, leading to inconsistencies in how the image data is stored.

**Example Code:**
```python
from PIL import Image

# Create a simple image
im = Image.new("RGB", (100, 100))

# Save the image with ROWSPERSTRIP set to 256
im.save("temp.tif", tiffinfo={278: 256})

# Open the saved image and check the ROWSPERSTRIP tag
with Image.open("temp.tif") as im_saved:
    rows_per_strip = im_saved.tag_v2[278]
    print(f"ROWSPERSTRIP: {rows_per_strip}")  # Expected: 256
```

**Expected Behavior:**
The `ROWSPERSTRIP` tag in the saved TIFF file should be set to the specified value (`256` in this example), ensuring that the image data is divided into strips of 256 rows each.

**Actual Behavior:**
The `ROWSPERSTRIP` tag is set to a different value (`128` in this case), ignoring the specified setting and defaulting to an unexpected number of rows per strip.

[/ISSUE]
{
    "\u001b[1mtest_rt_metadata\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_read_metadata\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_write_metadata\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_change_stripbytecounts_tag_type\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_no_duplicate_50741_tag\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_iptc\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_writing_other_types_to_ascii[test-test]\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_writing_other_types_to_ascii[1-1]\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_writing_other_types_to_bytes[1]\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_writing_other_types_to_bytes[value1]\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_writing_other_types_to_undefined\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_undefined_zero\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_empty_metadata\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_iccprofile\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_iccprofile_binary\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_iccprofile_save_png\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_iccprofile_binary_save_png\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_exif_div_zero\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_ifd_unsigned_rational\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_ifd_signed_rational\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_ifd_signed_long\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_empty_values\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_photoshop_info\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_too_many_entries\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_tag_group_data\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mtest_empty_subifd\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_sanity\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_unclosed_file\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_closed_file\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_seek_after_close\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_context_manager\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_mac_tiff\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_bigtiff\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_set_legacy_api\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_xyres_tiff\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_xyres_fallback_tiff\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_int_resolution\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_load_float_dpi[None-72.8]\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_load_float_dpi[2-72.8]\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_load_float_dpi[3-184.912]\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_save_float_dpi\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_save_setting_missing_resolution\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_invalid_file\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_bad_exif\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_save_rgba\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_save_unsupported_mode\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_8bit_s\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_little_endian\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_big_endian\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_16bit_r\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_16bit_s\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_12bit_rawmode\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_32bit_float\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_unknown_pixel_mode\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_n_frames[Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif-1]\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_n_frames[Tests/images/multipage.tiff-3]\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_eoferror\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_multipage\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_multipage_last_frame\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_frame_order\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test___str__\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_dict\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test__delitem__\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_load_byte[False]\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_load_byte[True]\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_load_string\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_load_float\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_load_double\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_ifd_tag_type\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_exif\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_modify_exif\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_reload_exif_after_seek\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_exif_frames\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_photometric[1]\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_photometric[L]\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_seek\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_seek_eof\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test__limit_rational_int\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test__limit_rational_float\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_4bit\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_gray_semibyte_per_pixel\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_with_underscores\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_roundtrip_tiff_uint16\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_rowsperstrip\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_strip_raw\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_strip_planar_raw\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_strip_planar_raw_with_overviews\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_tiled_planar_raw\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_planar_configuration_save\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_palette[P]\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_palette[PA]\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_tiff_save_all\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_saving_icc_profile\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_save_icc_profile\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_save_bmp_compression\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_discard_icc_profile\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_getxmp\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_get_photoshop_blocks\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_close_on_load_exclusive\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_close_on_load_nonexclusive\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_timeout\u001b[0m": "PASSED",
    "\u001b[1mTestFileTiff.test_oom[Tests/images/oom-225817ca0f8c663be7ab4b9e717b02c661e66834.tif]\u001b[0m": "PASSED"
}
diff --git a/src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py b/src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py
index fc242ca64..e9db64e5f 100644
--- a/src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py
+++ b/src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py
@@ -1705,20 +1705,23 @@ def _save(im, fp, filename):
         ifd[COLORMAP] = colormap
     # data orientation
     stride = len(bits) * ((im.size[0] * bits[0] + 7) // 8)
-    # aim for given strip size (64 KB by default) when using libtiff writer
-    if libtiff:
-        im_strip_size = encoderinfo.get("strip_size", STRIP_SIZE)
-        rows_per_strip = 1 if stride == 0 else min(im_strip_size // stride, im.size[1])
-        # JPEG encoder expects multiple of 8 rows
-        if compression == "jpeg":
-            rows_per_strip = min(((rows_per_strip + 7) // 8) * 8, im.size[1])
-    else:
-        rows_per_strip = im.size[1]
-    if rows_per_strip == 0:
-        rows_per_strip = 1
-    strip_byte_counts = 1 if stride == 0 else stride * rows_per_strip
-    strips_per_image = (im.size[1] + rows_per_strip - 1) // rows_per_strip
-    ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP] = rows_per_strip
+    if ROWSPERSTRIP not in ifd:
+        # aim for given strip size (64 KB by default) when using libtiff writer
+        if libtiff:
+            im_strip_size = encoderinfo.get("strip_size", STRIP_SIZE)
+            rows_per_strip = (
+                1 if stride == 0 else min(im_strip_size // stride, im.size[1])
+            )
+            # JPEG encoder expects multiple of 8 rows
+            if compression == "jpeg":
+                rows_per_strip = min(((rows_per_strip + 7) // 8) * 8, im.size[1])
+        else:
+            rows_per_strip = im.size[1]
+        if rows_per_strip == 0:
+            rows_per_strip = 1
+        ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP] = rows_per_strip
+    strip_byte_counts = 1 if stride == 0 else stride * ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP]
+    strips_per_image = (im.size[1] + ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP] - 1) // ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP]
     if strip_byte_counts >= 2**16:
         ifd.tagtype[STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = TiffTags.LONG
     ifd[STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = (strip_byte_counts,) * (strips_per_image - 1) + (
 

{"src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py": "#\n# The Python Imaging Library.\n# $Id$\n#\n# TIFF file handling\n#\n# TIFF is a flexible, if somewhat aged, image file format originally\n# defined by Aldus.  Although TIFF supports a wide variety of pixel\n# layouts and compression methods, the name doesn't really stand for\n# \"thousands of incompatible file formats,\" it just feels that way.\n#\n# To read TIFF data from a stream, the stream must be seekable.  For\n# progressive decoding, make sure to use TIFF files where the tag\n# directory is placed first in the file.\n#\n# History:\n# 1995-09-01 fl   Created\n# 1996-05-04 fl   Handle JPEGTABLES tag\n# 1996-05-18 fl   Fixed COLORMAP support\n# 1997-01-05 fl   Fixed PREDICTOR support\n# 1997-08-27 fl   Added support for rational tags (from Perry Stoll)\n# 1998-01-10 fl   Fixed seek/tell (from Jan Blom)\n# 1998-07-15 fl   Use private names for internal variables\n# 1999-06-13 fl   Rewritten for PIL 1.0 (1.0)\n# 2000-10-11 fl   Additional fixes for Python 2.0 (1.1)\n# 2001-04-17 fl   Fixed rewind support (seek to frame 0) (1.2)\n# 2001-05-12 fl   Added write support for more tags (from Greg Couch) (1.3)\n# 2001-12-18 fl   Added workaround for broken Matrox library\n# 2002-01-18 fl   Don't mess up if photometric tag is missing (D. Alan Stewart)\n# 2003-05-19 fl   Check FILLORDER tag\n# 2003-09-26 fl   Added RGBa support\n# 2004-02-24 fl   Added DPI support; fixed rational write support\n# 2005-02-07 fl   Added workaround for broken Corel Draw 10 files\n# 2006-01-09 fl   Added support for float/double tags (from Russell Nelson)\n#\n# Copyright (c) 1997-2006 by Secret Labs AB.  All rights reserved.\n# Copyright (c) 1995-1997 by Fredrik Lundh\n#\n# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.\n#\nfrom __future__ import annotations\n\nimport io\nimport itertools\nimport logging\nimport math\nimport os\nimport struct\nimport warnings\nfrom collections.abc import MutableMapping\nfrom fractions import Fraction\nfrom numbers import Number, Rational\n\nfrom . import ExifTags, Image, ImageFile, ImageOps, ImagePalette, TiffTags\nfrom ._binary import i16be as i16\nfrom ._binary import i32be as i32\nfrom ._binary import o8\nfrom .TiffTags import TYPES\n\nlogger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n\n# Set these to true to force use of libtiff for reading or writing.\nREAD_LIBTIFF = False\nWRITE_LIBTIFF = False\nIFD_LEGACY_API = True\nSTRIP_SIZE = 65536\n\nII = b\"II\"  # little-endian (Intel style)\nMM = b\"MM\"  # big-endian (Motorola style)\n\n#\n# --------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Read TIFF files\n\n# a few tag names, just to make the code below a bit more readable\nIMAGEWIDTH = 256\nIMAGELENGTH = 257\nBITSPERSAMPLE = 258\nCOMPRESSION = 259\nPHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION = 262\nFILLORDER = 266\nIMAGEDESCRIPTION = 270\nSTRIPOFFSETS = 273\nSAMPLESPERPIXEL = 277\nROWSPERSTRIP = 278\nSTRIPBYTECOUNTS = 279\nX_RESOLUTION = 282\nY_RESOLUTION = 283\nPLANAR_CONFIGURATION = 284\nRESOLUTION_UNIT = 296\nTRANSFERFUNCTION = 301\nSOFTWARE = 305\nDATE_TIME = 306\nARTIST = 315\nPREDICTOR = 317\nCOLORMAP = 320\nTILEWIDTH = 322\nTILELENGTH = 323\nTILEOFFSETS = 324\nTILEBYTECOUNTS = 325\nSUBIFD = 330\nEXTRASAMPLES = 338\nSAMPLEFORMAT = 339\nJPEGTABLES = 347\nYCBCRSUBSAMPLING = 530\nREFERENCEBLACKWHITE = 532\nCOPYRIGHT = 33432\nIPTC_NAA_CHUNK = 33723  # newsphoto properties\nPHOTOSHOP_CHUNK = 34377  # photoshop properties\nICCPROFILE = 34675\nEXIFIFD = 34665\nXMP = 700\nJPEGQUALITY = 65537  # pseudo-tag by libtiff\n\n# https://github.com/imagej/ImageJA/blob/master/src/main/java/ij/io/TiffDecoder.java\nIMAGEJ_META_DATA_BYTE_COUNTS = 50838\nIMAGEJ_META_DATA = 50839\n\nCOMPRESSION_INFO = {\n    # Compression => pil compression name\n    1: \"raw\",\n    2: \"tiff_ccitt\",\n    3: \"group3\",\n    4: \"group4\",\n    5: \"tiff_lzw\",\n    6: \"tiff_jpeg\",  # obsolete\n    7: \"jpeg\",\n    8: \"tiff_adobe_deflate\",\n    32771: \"tiff_raw_16\",  # 16-bit padding\n    32773: \"packbits\",\n    32809: \"tiff_thunderscan\",\n    32946: \"tiff_deflate\",\n    34676: \"tiff_sgilog\",\n    34677: \"tiff_sgilog24\",\n    34925: \"lzma\",\n    50000: \"zstd\",\n    50001: \"webp\",\n}\n\nCOMPRESSION_INFO_REV = {v: k for k, v in COMPRESSION_INFO.items()}\n\nOPEN_INFO = {\n    # (ByteOrder, PhotoInterpretation, SampleFormat, FillOrder, BitsPerSample,\n    #  ExtraSamples) => mode, rawmode\n    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1;I\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1;I\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1;IR\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1;IR\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1;R\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): (\"1\", \"1;R\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2I\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2I\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2IR\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2IR\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2R\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;2R\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4I\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4I\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4IR\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4IR\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4R\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;4R\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;I\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;I\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;IR\"),\n    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;IR\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L\"),\n    (II, 1, (2,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L\"),\n    (MM, 1, (2,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;R\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L;R\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (12,), ()): (\"I;16\", \"I;12\"),\n    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (16,), ()): (\"I;16\", \"I;16\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (16,), ()): (\"I;16\", \"I;16\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (16,), ()): (\"I;16B\", \"I;16B\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (16,), ()): (\"I;16\", \"I;16R\"),\n    (II, 1, (2,), 1, (16,), ()): (\"I\", \"I;16S\"),\n    (MM, 1, (2,), 1, (16,), ()): (\"I\", \"I;16BS\"),\n    (II, 0, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): (\"F\", \"F;32F\"),\n    (MM, 0, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): (\"F\", \"F;32BF\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (32,), ()): (\"I\", \"I;32N\"),\n    (II, 1, (2,), 1, (32,), ()): (\"I\", \"I;32S\"),\n    (MM, 1, (2,), 1, (32,), ()): (\"I\", \"I;32BS\"),\n    (II, 1, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): (\"F\", \"F;32F\"),\n    (MM, 1, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): (\"F\", \"F;32BF\"),\n    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): (\"LA\", \"LA\"),\n    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): (\"LA\", \"LA\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGB\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGB\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 2, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGB;R\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 2, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGB;R\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA\"),  # missing ExtraSamples\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA\"),  # missing ExtraSamples\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBX\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBX\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBXX\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBXX\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0, 0)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBXXX\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0, 0)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBXXX\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (1,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBa\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (1,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBa\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBaX\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBaX\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBaXX\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBaXX\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (2,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (2,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBAX\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBAX\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBAXX\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0, 0)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBAXX\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (999,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA\"),  # Corel Draw 10\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (999,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA\"),  # Corel Draw 10\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGB;16L\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGB;16B\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), ()): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA;16L\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), ()): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA;16B\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (0,)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBX;16L\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (0,)): (\"RGBX\", \"RGBX;16B\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (1,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBa;16L\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (1,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBa;16B\"),\n    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (2,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA;16L\"),\n    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (2,)): (\"RGBA\", \"RGBA;16B\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;1\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;1\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;1R\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;1R\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;2\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;2\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;2R\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;2R\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;4\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;4\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;4R\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;4R\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"P\", \"P\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"P\", \"P\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): (\"PA\", \"PA\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): (\"PA\", \"PA\"),\n    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;R\"),\n    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): (\"P\", \"P;R\"),\n    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): (\"CMYK\", \"CMYK\"),\n    (MM, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): (\"CMYK\", \"CMYK\"),\n    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): (\"CMYK\", \"CMYKX\"),\n    (MM, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): (\"CMYK\", \"CMYKX\"),\n    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): (\"CMYK\", \"CMYKXX\"),\n    (MM, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): (\"CMYK\", \"CMYKXX\"),\n    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), ()): (\"CMYK\", \"CMYK;16L\"),\n    (II, 6, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L\"),\n    (MM, 6, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): (\"L\", \"L\"),\n    # JPEG compressed images handled by LibTiff and auto-converted to RGBX\n    # Minimal Baseline TIFF requires YCbCr images to have 3 SamplesPerPixel\n    (II, 6, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGBX\"),\n    (MM, 6, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"RGB\", \"RGBX\"),\n    (II, 8, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"LAB\", \"LAB\"),\n    (MM, 8, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): (\"LAB\", \"LAB\"),\n}\n\nMAX_SAMPLESPERPIXEL = max(len(key_tp[4]) for key_tp in OPEN_INFO)\n\nPREFIXES = [\n    b\"MM\\x00\\x2A\",  # Valid TIFF header with big-endian byte order\n    b\"II\\x2A\\x00\",  # Valid TIFF header with little-endian byte order\n    b\"MM\\x2A\\x00\",  # Invalid TIFF header, assume big-endian\n    b\"II\\x00\\x2A\",  # Invalid TIFF header, assume little-endian\n    b\"MM\\x00\\x2B\",  # BigTIFF with big-endian byte order\n    b\"II\\x2B\\x00\",  # BigTIFF with little-endian byte order\n]\n\n\ndef _accept(prefix):\n    return prefix[:4] in PREFIXES\n\n\ndef _limit_rational(val, max_val):\n    inv = abs(val) > 1\n    n_d = IFDRational(1 / val if inv else val).limit_rational(max_val)\n    return n_d[::-1] if inv else n_d\n\n\ndef _limit_signed_rational(val, max_val, min_val):\n    frac = Fraction(val)\n    n_d = frac.numerator, frac.denominator\n\n    if min(n_d) < min_val:\n        n_d = _limit_rational(val, abs(min_val))\n\n    if max(n_d) > max_val:\n        val = Fraction(*n_d)\n        n_d = _limit_rational(val, max_val)\n\n    return n_d\n\n\n##\n# Wrapper for TIFF IFDs.\n\n_load_dispatch = {}\n_write_dispatch = {}\n\n\nclass IFDRational(Rational):\n    \"\"\"Implements a rational class where 0/0 is a legal value to match\n    the in the wild use of exif rationals.\n\n    e.g., DigitalZoomRatio - 0.00/0.00  indicates that no digital zoom was used\n    \"\"\"\n\n    \"\"\" If the denominator is 0, store this as a float('nan'), otherwise store\n    as a fractions.Fraction(). Delegate as appropriate\n\n    \"\"\"\n\n    __slots__ = (\"_numerator\", \"_denominator\", \"_val\")\n\n    def __init__(self, value, denominator=1):\n        \"\"\"\n        :param value: either an integer numerator, a\n        float/rational/other number, or an IFDRational\n        :param denominator: Optional integer denominator\n        \"\"\"\n        if isinstance(value, IFDRational):\n            self._numerator = value.numerator\n            self._denominator = value.denominator\n            self._val = value._val\n            return\n\n        if isinstance(value, Fraction):\n            self._numerator = value.numerator\n            self._denominator = value.denominator\n        else:\n            self._numerator = value\n            self._denominator = denominator\n\n        if denominator == 0:\n            self._val = float(\"nan\")\n        elif denominator == 1:\n            self._val = Fraction(value)\n        else:\n            self._val = Fraction(value, denominator)\n\n    @property\n    def numerator(self):\n        return self._numerator\n\n    @property\n    def denominator(self):\n        return self._denominator\n\n    def limit_rational(self, max_denominator):\n        \"\"\"\n\n        :param max_denominator: Integer, the maximum denominator value\n        :returns: Tuple of (numerator, denominator)\n        \"\"\"\n\n        if self.denominator == 0:\n            return self.numerator, self.denominator\n\n        f = self._val.limit_denominator(max_denominator)\n        return f.numerator, f.denominator\n\n    def __repr__(self):\n        return str(float(self._val))\n\n    def __hash__(self):\n        return self._val.__hash__()\n\n    def __eq__(self, other):\n        val = self._val\n        if isinstance(other, IFDRational):\n            other = other._val\n        if isinstance(other, float):\n            val = float(val)\n        return val == other\n\n    def __getstate__(self):\n        return [self._val, self._numerator, self._denominator]\n\n    def __setstate__(self, state):\n        IFDRational.__init__(self, 0)\n        _val, _numerator, _denominator = state\n        self._val = _val\n        self._numerator = _numerator\n        self._denominator = _denominator\n\n    def _delegate(op):\n        def delegate(self, *args):\n            return getattr(self._val, op)(*args)\n\n        return delegate\n\n    \"\"\" a = ['add','radd', 'sub', 'rsub', 'mul', 'rmul',\n             'truediv', 'rtruediv', 'floordiv', 'rfloordiv',\n             'mod','rmod', 'pow','rpow', 'pos', 'neg',\n             'abs', 'trunc', 'lt', 'gt', 'le', 'ge', 'bool',\n             'ceil', 'floor', 'round']\n        print(\"\\n\".join(\"__%s__ = _delegate('__%s__')\" % (s,s) for s in a))\n        \"\"\"\n\n    __add__ = _delegate(\"__add__\")\n    __radd__ = _delegate(\"__radd__\")\n    __sub__ = _delegate(\"__sub__\")\n    __rsub__ = _delegate(\"__rsub__\")\n    __mul__ = _delegate(\"__mul__\")\n    __rmul__ = _delegate(\"__rmul__\")\n    __truediv__ = _delegate(\"__truediv__\")\n    __rtruediv__ = _delegate(\"__rtruediv__\")\n    __floordiv__ = _delegate(\"__floordiv__\")\n    __rfloordiv__ = _delegate(\"__rfloordiv__\")\n    __mod__ = _delegate(\"__mod__\")\n    __rmod__ = _delegate(\"__rmod__\")\n    __pow__ = _delegate(\"__pow__\")\n    __rpow__ = _delegate(\"__rpow__\")\n    __pos__ = _delegate(\"__pos__\")\n    __neg__ = _delegate(\"__neg__\")\n    __abs__ = _delegate(\"__abs__\")\n    __trunc__ = _delegate(\"__trunc__\")\n    __lt__ = _delegate(\"__lt__\")\n    __gt__ = _delegate(\"__gt__\")\n    __le__ = _delegate(\"__le__\")\n    __ge__ = _delegate(\"__ge__\")\n    __bool__ = _delegate(\"__bool__\")\n    __ceil__ = _delegate(\"__ceil__\")\n    __floor__ = _delegate(\"__floor__\")\n    __round__ = _delegate(\"__round__\")\n    # Python >= 3.11\n    if hasattr(Fraction, \"__int__\"):\n        __int__ = _delegate(\"__int__\")\n\n\nclass ImageFileDirectory_v2(MutableMapping):\n    \"\"\"This class represents a TIFF tag directory.  To speed things up, we\n    don't decode tags unless they're asked for.\n\n    Exposes a dictionary interface of the tags in the directory::\n\n        ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2()\n        ifd[key] = 'Some Data'\n        ifd.tagtype[key] = TiffTags.ASCII\n        print(ifd[key])\n        'Some Data'\n\n    Individual values are returned as the strings or numbers, sequences are\n    returned as tuples of the values.\n\n    The tiff metadata type of each item is stored in a dictionary of\n    tag types in\n    :attr:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2.tagtype`. The types\n    are read from a tiff file, guessed from the type added, or added\n    manually.\n\n    Data Structures:\n\n        * ``self.tagtype = {}``\n\n          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number\n          * Value: integer corresponding to the data type from\n            :py:data:`.TiffTags.TYPES`\n\n          .. versionadded:: 3.0.0\n\n    'Internal' data structures:\n\n        * ``self._tags_v2 = {}``\n\n          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number\n          * Value: decoded data, as tuple for multiple values\n\n        * ``self._tagdata = {}``\n\n          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number\n          * Value: undecoded byte string from file\n\n        * ``self._tags_v1 = {}``\n\n          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number\n          * Value: decoded data in the v1 format\n\n    Tags will be found in the private attributes ``self._tagdata``, and in\n    ``self._tags_v2`` once decoded.\n\n    ``self.legacy_api`` is a value for internal use, and shouldn't be changed\n    from outside code. In cooperation with\n    :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`, if ``legacy_api``\n    is true, then decoded tags will be populated into both ``_tags_v1`` and\n    ``_tags_v2``. ``_tags_v2`` will be used if this IFD is used in the TIFF\n    save routine. Tags should be read from ``_tags_v1`` if\n    ``legacy_api == true``.\n\n    \"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, ifh=b\"II\\052\\0\\0\\0\\0\\0\", prefix=None, group=None):\n        \"\"\"Initialize an ImageFileDirectory.\n\n        To construct an ImageFileDirectory from a real file, pass the 8-byte\n        magic header to the constructor.  To only set the endianness, pass it\n        as the 'prefix' keyword argument.\n\n        :param ifh: One of the accepted magic headers (cf. PREFIXES); also sets\n              endianness.\n        :param prefix: Override the endianness of the file.\n        \"\"\"\n        if not _accept(ifh):\n            msg = f\"not a TIFF file (header {repr(ifh)} not valid)\"\n            raise SyntaxError(msg)\n        self._prefix = prefix if prefix is not None else ifh[:2]\n        if self._prefix == MM:\n            self._endian = \">\"\n        elif self._prefix == II:\n            self._endian = \"<\"\n        else:\n            msg = \"not a TIFF IFD\"\n            raise SyntaxError(msg)\n        self._bigtiff = ifh[2] == 43\n        self.group = group\n        self.tagtype = {}\n        \"\"\" Dictionary of tag types \"\"\"\n        self.reset()\n        (self.next,) = (\n            self._unpack(\"Q\", ifh[8:]) if self._bigtiff else self._unpack(\"L\", ifh[4:])\n        )\n        self._legacy_api = False\n\n    prefix = property(lambda self: self._prefix)\n    offset = property(lambda self: self._offset)\n    legacy_api = property(lambda self: self._legacy_api)\n\n    @legacy_api.setter\n    def legacy_api(self, value):\n        msg = \"Not allowing setting of legacy api\"\n        raise Exception(msg)\n\n    def reset(self):\n        self._tags_v1 = {}  # will remain empty if legacy_api is false\n        self._tags_v2 = {}  # main tag storage\n        self._tagdata = {}\n        self.tagtype = {}  # added 2008-06-05 by Florian Hoech\n        self._next = None\n        self._offset = None\n\n    def __str__(self):\n        return str(dict(self))\n\n    def named(self):\n        \"\"\"\n        :returns: dict of name|key: value\n\n        Returns the complete tag dictionary, with named tags where possible.\n        \"\"\"\n        return {\n            TiffTags.lookup(code, self.group).name: value\n            for code, value in self.items()\n        }\n\n    def __len__(self):\n        return len(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v2))\n\n    def __getitem__(self, tag):\n        if tag not in self._tags_v2:  # unpack on the fly\n            data = self._tagdata[tag]\n            typ = self.tagtype[tag]\n            size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]\n            self[tag] = handler(self, data, self.legacy_api)  # check type\n        val = self._tags_v2[tag]\n        if self.legacy_api and not isinstance(val, (tuple, bytes)):\n            val = (val,)\n        return val\n\n    def __contains__(self, tag):\n        return tag in self._tags_v2 or tag in self._tagdata\n\n    def __setitem__(self, tag, value):\n        self._setitem(tag, value, self.legacy_api)\n\n    def _setitem(self, tag, value, legacy_api):\n        basetypes = (Number, bytes, str)\n\n        info = TiffTags.lookup(tag, self.group)\n        values = [value] if isinstance(value, basetypes) else value\n\n        if tag not in self.tagtype:\n            if info.type:\n                self.tagtype[tag] = info.type\n            else:\n                self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.UNDEFINED\n                if all(isinstance(v, IFDRational) for v in values):\n                    self.tagtype[tag] = (\n                        TiffTags.RATIONAL\n                        if all(v >= 0 for v in values)\n                        else TiffTags.SIGNED_RATIONAL\n                    )\n                elif all(isinstance(v, int) for v in values):\n                    if all(0 <= v < 2**16 for v in values):\n                        self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.SHORT\n                    elif all(-(2**15) < v < 2**15 for v in values):\n                        self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.SIGNED_SHORT\n                    else:\n                        self.tagtype[tag] = (\n                            TiffTags.LONG\n                            if all(v >= 0 for v in values)\n                            else TiffTags.SIGNED_LONG\n                        )\n                elif all(isinstance(v, float) for v in values):\n                    self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.DOUBLE\n                elif all(isinstance(v, str) for v in values):\n                    self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.ASCII\n                elif all(isinstance(v, bytes) for v in values):\n                    self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.BYTE\n\n        if self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.UNDEFINED:\n            values = [\n                v.encode(\"ascii\", \"replace\") if isinstance(v, str) else v\n                for v in values\n            ]\n        elif self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.RATIONAL:\n            values = [float(v) if isinstance(v, int) else v for v in values]\n\n        is_ifd = self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.LONG and isinstance(values, dict)\n        if not is_ifd:\n            values = tuple(info.cvt_enum(value) for value in values)\n\n        dest = self._tags_v1 if legacy_api else self._tags_v2\n\n        # Three branches:\n        # Spec'd length == 1, Actual length 1, store as element\n        # Spec'd length == 1, Actual > 1, Warn and truncate. Formerly barfed.\n        # No Spec, Actual length 1, Formerly (<4.2) returned a 1 element tuple.\n        # Don't mess with the legacy api, since it's frozen.\n        if not is_ifd and (\n            (info.length == 1)\n            or self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.BYTE\n            or (info.length is None and len(values) == 1 and not legacy_api)\n        ):\n            # Don't mess with the legacy api, since it's frozen.\n            if legacy_api and self.tagtype[tag] in [\n                TiffTags.RATIONAL,\n                TiffTags.SIGNED_RATIONAL,\n            ]:  # rationals\n                values = (values,)\n            try:\n                (dest[tag],) = values\n            except ValueError:\n                # We've got a builtin tag with 1 expected entry\n                warnings.warn(\n                    f\"Metadata Warning, tag {tag} had too many entries: \"\n                    f\"{len(values)}, expected 1\"\n                )\n                dest[tag] = values[0]\n\n        else:\n            # Spec'd length > 1 or undefined\n            # Unspec'd, and length > 1\n            dest[tag] = values\n\n    def __delitem__(self, tag):\n        self._tags_v2.pop(tag, None)\n        self._tags_v1.pop(tag, None)\n        self._tagdata.pop(tag, None)\n\n    def __iter__(self):\n        return iter(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v2))\n\n    def _unpack(self, fmt, data):\n        return struct.unpack(self._endian + fmt, data)\n\n    def _pack(self, fmt, *values):\n        return struct.pack(self._endian + fmt, *values)\n\n    def _register_loader(idx, size):\n        def decorator(func):\n            from .TiffTags import TYPES\n\n            if func.__name__.startswith(\"load_\"):\n                TYPES[idx] = func.__name__[5:].replace(\"_\", \" \")\n            _load_dispatch[idx] = size, func  # noqa: F821\n            return func\n\n        return decorator\n\n    def _register_writer(idx):\n        def decorator(func):\n            _write_dispatch[idx] = func  # noqa: F821\n            return func\n\n        return decorator\n\n    def _register_basic(idx_fmt_name):\n        from .TiffTags import TYPES\n\n        idx, fmt, name = idx_fmt_name\n        TYPES[idx] = name\n        size = struct.calcsize(\"=\" + fmt)\n        _load_dispatch[idx] = (  # noqa: F821\n            size,\n            lambda self, data, legacy_api=True: (\n                self._unpack(f\"{len(data) // size}{fmt}\", data)\n            ),\n        )\n        _write_dispatch[idx] = lambda self, *values: (  # noqa: F821\n            b\"\".join(self._pack(fmt, value) for value in values)\n        )\n\n    list(\n        map(\n            _register_basic,\n            [\n                (TiffTags.SHORT, \"H\", \"short\"),\n                (TiffTags.LONG, \"L\", \"long\"),\n                (TiffTags.SIGNED_BYTE, \"b\", \"signed byte\"),\n                (TiffTags.SIGNED_SHORT, \"h\", \"signed short\"),\n                (TiffTags.SIGNED_LONG, \"l\", \"signed long\"),\n                (TiffTags.FLOAT, \"f\", \"float\"),\n                (TiffTags.DOUBLE, \"d\", \"double\"),\n                (TiffTags.IFD, \"L\", \"long\"),\n                (TiffTags.LONG8, \"Q\", \"long8\"),\n            ],\n        )\n    )\n\n    @_register_loader(1, 1)  # Basic type, except for the legacy API.\n    def load_byte(self, data, legacy_api=True):\n        return data\n\n    @_register_writer(1)  # Basic type, except for the legacy API.\n    def write_byte(self, data):\n        if isinstance(data, IFDRational):\n            data = int(data)\n        if isinstance(data, int):\n            data = bytes((data,))\n        return data\n\n    @_register_loader(2, 1)\n    def load_string(self, data, legacy_api=True):\n        if data.endswith(b\"\\0\"):\n            data = data[:-1]\n        return data.decode(\"latin-1\", \"replace\")\n\n    @_register_writer(2)\n    def write_string(self, value):\n        # remerge of https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pull/1416\n        if isinstance(value, int):\n            value = str(value)\n        if not isinstance(value, bytes):\n            value = value.encode(\"ascii\", \"replace\")\n        return value + b\"\\0\"\n\n    @_register_loader(5, 8)\n    def load_rational(self, data, legacy_api=True):\n        vals = self._unpack(f\"{len(data) // 4}L\", data)\n\n        def combine(a, b):\n            return (a, b) if legacy_api else IFDRational(a, b)\n\n        return tuple(combine(num, denom) for num, denom in zip(vals[::2], vals[1::2]))\n\n    @_register_writer(5)\n    def write_rational(self, *values):\n        return b\"\".join(\n            self._pack(\"2L\", *_limit_rational(frac, 2**32 - 1)) for frac in values\n        )\n\n    @_register_loader(7, 1)\n    def load_undefined(self, data, legacy_api=True):\n        return data\n\n    @_register_writer(7)\n    def write_undefined(self, value):\n        if isinstance(value, int):\n            value = str(value).encode(\"ascii\", \"replace\")\n        return value\n\n    @_register_loader(10, 8)\n    def load_signed_rational(self, data, legacy_api=True):\n        vals = self._unpack(f\"{len(data) // 4}l\", data)\n\n        def combine(a, b):\n            return (a, b) if legacy_api else IFDRational(a, b)\n\n        return tuple(combine(num, denom) for num, denom in zip(vals[::2], vals[1::2]))\n\n    @_register_writer(10)\n    def write_signed_rational(self, *values):\n        return b\"\".join(\n            self._pack(\"2l\", *_limit_signed_rational(frac, 2**31 - 1, -(2**31)))\n            for frac in values\n        )\n\n    def _ensure_read(self, fp, size):\n        ret = fp.read(size)\n        if len(ret) != size:\n            msg = (\n                \"Corrupt EXIF data.  \"\n                f\"Expecting to read {size} bytes but only got {len(ret)}. \"\n            )\n            raise OSError(msg)\n        return ret\n\n    def load(self, fp):\n        self.reset()\n        self._offset = fp.tell()\n\n        try:\n            tag_count = (\n                self._unpack(\"Q\", self._ensure_read(fp, 8))\n                if self._bigtiff\n                else self._unpack(\"H\", self._ensure_read(fp, 2))\n            )[0]\n            for i in range(tag_count):\n                tag, typ, count, data = (\n                    self._unpack(\"HHQ8s\", self._ensure_read(fp, 20))\n                    if self._bigtiff\n                    else self._unpack(\"HHL4s\", self._ensure_read(fp, 12))\n                )\n\n                tagname = TiffTags.lookup(tag, self.group).name\n                typname = TYPES.get(typ, \"unknown\")\n                msg = f\"tag: {tagname} ({tag}) - type: {typname} ({typ})\"\n\n                try:\n                    unit_size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]\n                except KeyError:\n                    logger.debug(\"%s - unsupported type %s\", msg, typ)\n                    continue  # ignore unsupported type\n                size = count * unit_size\n                if size > (8 if self._bigtiff else 4):\n                    here = fp.tell()\n                    (offset,) = self._unpack(\"Q\" if self._bigtiff else \"L\", data)\n                    msg += f\" Tag Location: {here} - Data Location: {offset}\"\n                    fp.seek(offset)\n                    data = ImageFile._safe_read(fp, size)\n                    fp.seek(here)\n                else:\n                    data = data[:size]\n\n                if len(data) != size:\n                    warnings.warn(\n                        \"Possibly corrupt EXIF data.  \"\n                        f\"Expecting to read {size} bytes but only got {len(data)}.\"\n                        f\" Skipping tag {tag}\"\n                    )\n                    logger.debug(msg)\n                    continue\n\n                if not data:\n                    logger.debug(msg)\n                    continue\n\n                self._tagdata[tag] = data\n                self.tagtype[tag] = typ\n\n                msg += \" - value: \" + (\n                    \"<table: %d bytes>\" % size if size > 32 else repr(data)\n                )\n                logger.debug(msg)\n\n            (self.next,) = (\n                self._unpack(\"Q\", self._ensure_read(fp, 8))\n                if self._bigtiff\n                else self._unpack(\"L\", self._ensure_read(fp, 4))\n            )\n        except OSError as msg:\n            warnings.warn(str(msg))\n            return\n\n    def tobytes(self, offset=0):\n        # FIXME What about tagdata?\n        result = self._pack(\"H\", len(self._tags_v2))\n\n        entries = []\n        offset = offset + len(result) + len(self._tags_v2) * 12 + 4\n        stripoffsets = None\n\n        # pass 1: convert tags to binary format\n        # always write tags in ascending order\n        for tag, value in sorted(self._tags_v2.items()):\n            if tag == STRIPOFFSETS:\n                stripoffsets = len(entries)\n            typ = self.tagtype.get(tag)\n            logger.debug(\"Tag %s, Type: %s, Value: %s\", tag, typ, repr(value))\n            is_ifd = typ == TiffTags.LONG and isinstance(value, dict)\n            if is_ifd:\n                if self._endian == \"<\":\n                    ifh = b\"II\\x2A\\x00\\x08\\x00\\x00\\x00\"\n                else:\n                    ifh = b\"MM\\x00\\x2A\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x08\"\n                ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(ifh, group=tag)\n                values = self._tags_v2[tag]\n                for ifd_tag, ifd_value in values.items():\n                    ifd[ifd_tag] = ifd_value\n                data = ifd.tobytes(offset)\n            else:\n                values = value if isinstance(value, tuple) else (value,)\n                data = self._write_dispatch[typ](self, *values)\n\n            tagname = TiffTags.lookup(tag, self.group).name\n            typname = \"ifd\" if is_ifd else TYPES.get(typ, \"unknown\")\n            msg = f\"save: {tagname} ({tag}) - type: {typname} ({typ})\"\n            msg += \" - value: \" + (\n                \"<table: %d bytes>\" % len(data) if len(data) >= 16 else str(values)\n            )\n            logger.debug(msg)\n\n            # count is sum of lengths for string and arbitrary data\n            if is_ifd:\n                count = 1\n            elif typ in [TiffTags.BYTE, TiffTags.ASCII, TiffTags.UNDEFINED]:\n                count = len(data)\n            else:\n                count = len(values)\n            # figure out if data fits into the entry\n            if len(data) <= 4:\n                entries.append((tag, typ, count, data.ljust(4, b\"\\0\"), b\"\"))\n            else:\n                entries.append((tag, typ, count, self._pack(\"L\", offset), data))\n                offset += (len(data) + 1) // 2 * 2  # pad to word\n\n        # update strip offset data to point beyond auxiliary data\n        if stripoffsets is not None:\n            tag, typ, count, value, data = entries[stripoffsets]\n            if data:\n                msg = \"multistrip support not yet implemented\"\n                raise NotImplementedError(msg)\n            value = self._pack(\"L\", self._unpack(\"L\", value)[0] + offset)\n            entries[stripoffsets] = tag, typ, count, value, data\n\n        # pass 2: write entries to file\n        for tag, typ, count, value, data in entries:\n            logger.debug(\"%s %s %s %s %s\", tag, typ, count, repr(value), repr(data))\n            result += self._pack(\"HHL4s\", tag, typ, count, value)\n\n        # -- overwrite here for multi-page --\n        result += b\"\\0\\0\\0\\0\"  # end of entries\n\n        # pass 3: write auxiliary data to file\n        for tag, typ, count, value, data in entries:\n            result += data\n            if len(data) & 1:\n                result += b\"\\0\"\n\n        return result\n\n    def save(self, fp):\n        if fp.tell() == 0:  # skip TIFF header on subsequent pages\n            # tiff header -- PIL always starts the first IFD at offset 8\n            fp.write(self._prefix + self._pack(\"HL\", 42, 8))\n\n        offset = fp.tell()\n        result = self.tobytes(offset)\n        fp.write(result)\n        return offset + len(result)\n\n\nImageFileDirectory_v2._load_dispatch = _load_dispatch\nImageFileDirectory_v2._write_dispatch = _write_dispatch\nfor idx, name in TYPES.items():\n    name = name.replace(\" \", \"_\")\n    setattr(ImageFileDirectory_v2, \"load_\" + name, _load_dispatch[idx][1])\n    setattr(ImageFileDirectory_v2, \"write_\" + name, _write_dispatch[idx])\ndel _load_dispatch, _write_dispatch, idx, name\n\n\n# Legacy ImageFileDirectory support.\nclass ImageFileDirectory_v1(ImageFileDirectory_v2):\n    \"\"\"This class represents the **legacy** interface to a TIFF tag directory.\n\n    Exposes a dictionary interface of the tags in the directory::\n\n        ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v1()\n        ifd[key] = 'Some Data'\n        ifd.tagtype[key] = TiffTags.ASCII\n        print(ifd[key])\n        ('Some Data',)\n\n    Also contains a dictionary of tag types as read from the tiff image file,\n    :attr:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1.tagtype`.\n\n    Values are returned as a tuple.\n\n    ..  deprecated:: 3.0.0\n    \"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):\n        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)\n        self._legacy_api = True\n\n    tags = property(lambda self: self._tags_v1)\n    tagdata = property(lambda self: self._tagdata)\n\n    # defined in ImageFileDirectory_v2\n    tagtype: dict\n    \"\"\"Dictionary of tag types\"\"\"\n\n    @classmethod\n    def from_v2(cls, original):\n        \"\"\"Returns an\n        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`\n        instance with the same data as is contained in the original\n        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2`\n        instance.\n\n        :returns: :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`\n\n        \"\"\"\n\n        ifd = cls(prefix=original.prefix)\n        ifd._tagdata = original._tagdata\n        ifd.tagtype = original.tagtype\n        ifd.next = original.next  # an indicator for multipage tiffs\n        return ifd\n\n    def to_v2(self):\n        \"\"\"Returns an\n        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2`\n        instance with the same data as is contained in the original\n        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`\n        instance.\n\n        :returns: :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2`\n\n        \"\"\"\n\n        ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(prefix=self.prefix)\n        ifd._tagdata = dict(self._tagdata)\n        ifd.tagtype = dict(self.tagtype)\n        ifd._tags_v2 = dict(self._tags_v2)\n        return ifd\n\n    def __contains__(self, tag):\n        return tag in self._tags_v1 or tag in self._tagdata\n\n    def __len__(self):\n        return len(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v1))\n\n    def __iter__(self):\n        return iter(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v1))\n\n    def __setitem__(self, tag, value):\n        for legacy_api in (False, True):\n            self._setitem(tag, value, legacy_api)\n\n    def __getitem__(self, tag):\n        if tag not in self._tags_v1:  # unpack on the fly\n            data = self._tagdata[tag]\n            typ = self.tagtype[tag]\n            size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]\n            for legacy in (False, True):\n                self._setitem(tag, handler(self, data, legacy), legacy)\n        val = self._tags_v1[tag]\n        if not isinstance(val, (tuple, bytes)):\n            val = (val,)\n        return val\n\n\n# undone -- switch this pointer when IFD_LEGACY_API == False\nImageFileDirectory = ImageFileDirectory_v1\n\n\n##\n# Image plugin for TIFF files.\n\n\nclass TiffImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):\n    format = \"TIFF\"\n    format_description = \"Adobe TIFF\"\n    _close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = False\n\n    def __init__(self, fp=None, filename=None):\n        self.tag_v2 = None\n        \"\"\" Image file directory (tag dictionary) \"\"\"\n\n        self.tag = None\n        \"\"\" Legacy tag entries \"\"\"\n\n        super().__init__(fp, filename)\n\n    def _open(self):\n        \"\"\"Open the first image in a TIFF file\"\"\"\n\n        # Header\n        ifh = self.fp.read(8)\n        if ifh[2] == 43:\n            ifh += self.fp.read(8)\n\n        self.tag_v2 = ImageFileDirectory_v2(ifh)\n\n        # legacy IFD entries will be filled in later\n        self.ifd = None\n\n        # setup frame pointers\n        self.__first = self.__next = self.tag_v2.next\n        self.__frame = -1\n        self._fp = self.fp\n        self._frame_pos = []\n        self._n_frames = None\n\n        logger.debug(\"*** TiffImageFile._open ***\")\n        logger.debug(\"- __first: %s\", self.__first)\n        logger.debug(\"- ifh: %s\", repr(ifh))  # Use repr to avoid str(bytes)\n\n        # and load the first frame\n        self._seek(0)\n\n    @property\n    def n_frames(self):\n        if self._n_frames is None:\n            current = self.tell()\n            self._seek(len(self._frame_pos))\n            while self._n_frames is None:\n                self._seek(self.tell() + 1)\n            self.seek(current)\n        return self._n_frames\n\n    def seek(self, frame):\n        \"\"\"Select a given frame as current image\"\"\"\n        if not self._seek_check(frame):\n            return\n        self._seek(frame)\n        # Create a new core image object on second and\n        # subsequent frames in the image. Image may be\n        # different size/mode.\n        Image._decompression_bomb_check(self.size)\n        self.im = Image.core.new(self.mode, self.size)\n\n    def _seek(self, frame):\n        self.fp = self._fp\n\n        # reset buffered io handle in case fp\n        # was passed to libtiff, invalidating the buffer\n        self.fp.tell()\n\n        while len(self._frame_pos) <= frame:\n            if not self.__next:\n                msg = \"no more images in TIFF file\"\n                raise EOFError(msg)\n            logger.debug(\n                \"Seeking to frame %s, on frame %s, __next %s, location: %s\",\n                frame,\n                self.__frame,\n                self.__next,\n                self.fp.tell(),\n            )\n            self.fp.seek(self.__next)\n            self._frame_pos.append(self.__next)\n            logger.debug(\"Loading tags, location: %s\", self.fp.tell())\n            self.tag_v2.load(self.fp)\n            if self.tag_v2.next in self._frame_pos:\n                # This IFD has already been processed\n                # Declare this to be the end of the image\n                self.__next = 0\n            else:\n                self.__next = self.tag_v2.next\n            if self.__next == 0:\n                self._n_frames = frame + 1\n            if len(self._frame_pos) == 1:\n                self.is_animated = self.__next != 0\n            self.__frame += 1\n        self.fp.seek(self._frame_pos[frame])\n        self.tag_v2.load(self.fp)\n        self._reload_exif()\n        # fill the legacy tag/ifd entries\n        self.tag = self.ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v1.from_v2(self.tag_v2)\n        self.__frame = frame\n        self._setup()\n\n    def tell(self):\n        \"\"\"Return the current frame number\"\"\"\n        return self.__frame\n\n    def getxmp(self):\n        \"\"\"\n        Returns a dictionary containing the XMP tags.\n        Requires defusedxml to be installed.\n\n        :returns: XMP tags in a dictionary.\n        \"\"\"\n        return self._getxmp(self.tag_v2[XMP]) if XMP in self.tag_v2 else {}\n\n    def get_photoshop_blocks(self):\n        \"\"\"\n        Returns a dictionary of Photoshop \"Image Resource Blocks\".\n        The keys are the image resource ID. For more information, see\n        https://www.adobe.com/devnet-apps/photoshop/fileformatashtml/#50577409_pgfId-1037727\n\n        :returns: Photoshop \"Image Resource Blocks\" in a dictionary.\n        \"\"\"\n        blocks = {}\n        val = self.tag_v2.get(ExifTags.Base.ImageResources)\n        if val:\n            while val[:4] == b\"8BIM\":\n                id = i16(val[4:6])\n                n = math.ceil((val[6] + 1) / 2) * 2\n                size = i32(val[6 + n : 10 + n])\n                data = val[10 + n : 10 + n + size]\n                blocks[id] = {\"data\": data}\n\n                val = val[math.ceil((10 + n + size) / 2) * 2 :]\n        return blocks\n\n    def load(self):\n        if self.tile and self.use_load_libtiff:\n            return self._load_libtiff()\n        return super().load()\n\n    def load_end(self):\n        # allow closing if we're on the first frame, there's no next\n        # This is the ImageFile.load path only, libtiff specific below.\n        if not self.is_animated:\n            self._close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = True\n\n            # reset buffered io handle in case fp\n            # was passed to libtiff, invalidating the buffer\n            self.fp.tell()\n\n            # load IFD data from fp before it is closed\n            exif = self.getexif()\n            for key in TiffTags.TAGS_V2_GROUPS:\n                if key not in exif:\n                    continue\n                exif.get_ifd(key)\n\n        ImageOps.exif_transpose(self, in_place=True)\n        if ExifTags.Base.Orientation in self.tag_v2:\n            del self.tag_v2[ExifTags.Base.Orientation]\n\n    def _load_libtiff(self):\n        \"\"\"Overload method triggered when we detect a compressed tiff\n        Calls out to libtiff\"\"\"\n\n        Image.Image.load(self)\n\n        self.load_prepare()\n\n        if not len(self.tile) == 1:\n            msg = \"Not exactly one tile\"\n            raise OSError(msg)\n\n        # (self._compression, (extents tuple),\n        #   0, (rawmode, self._compression, fp))\n        extents = self.tile[0][1]\n        args = list(self.tile[0][3])\n\n        # To be nice on memory footprint, if there's a\n        # file descriptor, use that instead of reading\n        # into a string in python.\n        try:\n            fp = hasattr(self.fp, \"fileno\") and self.fp.fileno()\n            # flush the file descriptor, prevents error on pypy 2.4+\n            # should also eliminate the need for fp.tell\n            # in _seek\n            if hasattr(self.fp, \"flush\"):\n                self.fp.flush()\n        except OSError:\n            # io.BytesIO have a fileno, but returns an OSError if\n            # it doesn't use a file descriptor.\n            fp = False\n\n        if fp:\n            args[2] = fp\n\n        decoder = Image._getdecoder(\n            self.mode, \"libtiff\", tuple(args), self.decoderconfig\n        )\n        try:\n            decoder.setimage(self.im, extents)\n        except ValueError as e:\n            msg = \"Couldn't set the image\"\n            raise OSError(msg) from e\n\n        close_self_fp = self._exclusive_fp and not self.is_animated\n        if hasattr(self.fp, \"getvalue\"):\n            # We've got a stringio like thing passed in. Yay for all in memory.\n            # The decoder needs the entire file in one shot, so there's not\n            # a lot we can do here other than give it the entire file.\n            # unless we could do something like get the address of the\n            # underlying string for stringio.\n            #\n            # Rearranging for supporting byteio items, since they have a fileno\n            # that returns an OSError if there's no underlying fp. Easier to\n            # deal with here by reordering.\n            logger.debug(\"have getvalue. just sending in a string from getvalue\")\n            n, err = decoder.decode(self.fp.getvalue())\n        elif fp:\n            # we've got a actual file on disk, pass in the fp.\n            logger.debug(\"have fileno, calling fileno version of the decoder.\")\n            if not close_self_fp:\n                self.fp.seek(0)\n            # 4 bytes, otherwise the trace might error out\n            n, err = decoder.decode(b\"fpfp\")\n        else:\n            # we have something else.\n            logger.debug(\"don't have fileno or getvalue. just reading\")\n            self.fp.seek(0)\n            # UNDONE -- so much for that buffer size thing.\n            n, err = decoder.decode(self.fp.read())\n\n        self.tile = []\n        self.readonly = 0\n\n        self.load_end()\n\n        if close_self_fp:\n            self.fp.close()\n            self.fp = None  # might be shared\n\n        if err < 0:\n            raise OSError(err)\n\n        return Image.Image.load(self)\n\n    def _setup(self):\n        \"\"\"Setup this image object based on current tags\"\"\"\n\n        if 0xBC01 in self.tag_v2:\n            msg = \"Windows Media Photo files not yet supported\"\n            raise OSError(msg)\n\n        # extract relevant tags\n        self._compression = COMPRESSION_INFO[self.tag_v2.get(COMPRESSION, 1)]\n        self._planar_configuration = self.tag_v2.get(PLANAR_CONFIGURATION, 1)\n\n        # photometric is a required tag, but not everyone is reading\n        # the specification\n        photo = self.tag_v2.get(PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION, 0)\n\n        # old style jpeg compression images most certainly are YCbCr\n        if self._compression == \"tiff_jpeg\":\n            photo = 6\n\n        fillorder = self.tag_v2.get(FILLORDER, 1)\n\n        logger.debug(\"*** Summary ***\")\n        logger.debug(\"- compression: %s\", self._compression)\n        logger.debug(\"- photometric_interpretation: %s\", photo)\n        logger.debug(\"- planar_configuration: %s\", self._planar_configuration)\n        logger.debug(\"- fill_order: %s\", fillorder)\n        logger.debug(\"- YCbCr subsampling: %s\", self.tag.get(YCBCRSUBSAMPLING))\n\n        # size\n        xsize = int(self.tag_v2.get(IMAGEWIDTH))\n        ysize = int(self.tag_v2.get(IMAGELENGTH))\n        self._size = xsize, ysize\n\n        logger.debug(\"- size: %s\", self.size)\n\n        sample_format = self.tag_v2.get(SAMPLEFORMAT, (1,))\n        if len(sample_format) > 1 and max(sample_format) == min(sample_format) == 1:\n            # SAMPLEFORMAT is properly per band, so an RGB image will\n            # be (1,1,1).  But, we don't support per band pixel types,\n            # and anything more than one band is a uint8. So, just\n            # take the first element. Revisit this if adding support\n            # for more exotic images.\n            sample_format = (1,)\n\n        bps_tuple = self.tag_v2.get(BITSPERSAMPLE, (1,))\n        extra_tuple = self.tag_v2.get(EXTRASAMPLES, ())\n        if photo in (2, 6, 8):  # RGB, YCbCr, LAB\n            bps_count = 3\n        elif photo == 5:  # CMYK\n            bps_count = 4\n        else:\n            bps_count = 1\n        bps_count += len(extra_tuple)\n        bps_actual_count = len(bps_tuple)\n        samples_per_pixel = self.tag_v2.get(\n            SAMPLESPERPIXEL,\n            3 if self._compression == \"tiff_jpeg\" and photo in (2, 6) else 1,\n        )\n\n        if samples_per_pixel > MAX_SAMPLESPERPIXEL:\n            # DOS check, samples_per_pixel can be a Long, and we extend the tuple below\n            logger.error(\n                \"More samples per pixel than can be decoded: %s\", samples_per_pixel\n            )\n            msg = \"Invalid value for samples per pixel\"\n            raise SyntaxError(msg)\n\n        if samples_per_pixel < bps_actual_count:\n            # If a file has more values in bps_tuple than expected,\n            # remove the excess.\n            bps_tuple = bps_tuple[:samples_per_pixel]\n        elif samples_per_pixel > bps_actual_count and bps_actual_count == 1:\n            # If a file has only one value in bps_tuple, when it should have more,\n            # presume it is the same number of bits for all of the samples.\n            bps_tuple = bps_tuple * samples_per_pixel\n\n        if len(bps_tuple) != samples_per_pixel:\n            msg = \"unknown data organization\"\n            raise SyntaxError(msg)\n\n        # mode: check photometric interpretation and bits per pixel\n        key = (\n            self.tag_v2.prefix,\n            photo,\n            sample_format,\n            fillorder,\n            bps_tuple,\n            extra_tuple,\n        )\n        logger.debug(\"format key: %s\", key)\n        try:\n            self._mode, rawmode = OPEN_INFO[key]\n        except KeyError as e:\n            logger.debug(\"- unsupported format\")\n            msg = \"unknown pixel mode\"\n            raise SyntaxError(msg) from e\n\n        logger.debug(\"- raw mode: %s\", rawmode)\n        logger.debug(\"- pil mode: %s\", self.mode)\n\n        self.info[\"compression\"] = self._compression\n\n        xres = self.tag_v2.get(X_RESOLUTION, 1)\n        yres = self.tag_v2.get(Y_RESOLUTION, 1)\n\n        if xres and yres:\n            resunit = self.tag_v2.get(RESOLUTION_UNIT)\n            if resunit == 2:  # dots per inch\n                self.info[\"dpi\"] = (xres, yres)\n            elif resunit == 3:  # dots per centimeter. convert to dpi\n                self.info[\"dpi\"] = (xres * 2.54, yres * 2.54)\n            elif resunit is None:  # used to default to 1, but now 2)\n                self.info[\"dpi\"] = (xres, yres)\n                # For backward compatibility,\n                # we also preserve the old behavior\n                self.info[\"resolution\"] = xres, yres\n            else:  # No absolute unit of measurement\n                self.info[\"resolution\"] = xres, yres\n\n        # build tile descriptors\n        x = y = layer = 0\n        self.tile = []\n        self.use_load_libtiff = READ_LIBTIFF or self._compression != \"raw\"\n        if self.use_load_libtiff:\n            # Decoder expects entire file as one tile.\n            # There's a buffer size limit in load (64k)\n            # so large g4 images will fail if we use that\n            # function.\n            #\n            # Setup the one tile for the whole image, then\n            # use the _load_libtiff function.\n\n            # libtiff handles the fillmode for us, so 1;IR should\n            # actually be 1;I. Including the R double reverses the\n            # bits, so stripes of the image are reversed.  See\n            # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/279\n            if fillorder == 2:\n                # Replace fillorder with fillorder=1\n                key = key[:3] + (1,) + key[4:]\n                logger.debug(\"format key: %s\", key)\n                # this should always work, since all the\n                # fillorder==2 modes have a corresponding\n                # fillorder=1 mode\n                self._mode, rawmode = OPEN_INFO[key]\n            # libtiff always returns the bytes in native order.\n            # we're expecting image byte order. So, if the rawmode\n            # contains I;16, we need to convert from native to image\n            # byte order.\n            if rawmode == \"I;16\":\n                rawmode = \"I;16N\"\n            if \";16B\" in rawmode:\n                rawmode = rawmode.replace(\";16B\", \";16N\")\n            if \";16L\" in rawmode:\n                rawmode = rawmode.replace(\";16L\", \";16N\")\n\n            # YCbCr images with new jpeg compression with pixels in one plane\n            # unpacked straight into RGB values\n            if (\n                photo == 6\n                and self._compression == \"jpeg\"\n                and self._planar_configuration == 1\n            ):\n                rawmode = \"RGB\"\n\n            # Offset in the tile tuple is 0, we go from 0,0 to\n            # w,h, and we only do this once -- eds\n            a = (rawmode, self._compression, False, self.tag_v2.offset)\n            self.tile.append((\"libtiff\", (0, 0, xsize, ysize), 0, a))\n\n        elif STRIPOFFSETS in self.tag_v2 or TILEOFFSETS in self.tag_v2:\n            # striped image\n            if STRIPOFFSETS in self.tag_v2:\n                offsets = self.tag_v2[STRIPOFFSETS]\n                h = self.tag_v2.get(ROWSPERSTRIP, ysize)\n                w = self.size[0]\n            else:\n                # tiled image\n                offsets = self.tag_v2[TILEOFFSETS]\n                w = self.tag_v2.get(TILEWIDTH)\n                h = self.tag_v2.get(TILELENGTH)\n\n            for offset in offsets:\n                if x + w > xsize:\n                    stride = w * sum(bps_tuple) / 8  # bytes per line\n                else:\n                    stride = 0\n\n                tile_rawmode = rawmode\n                if self._planar_configuration == 2:\n                    # each band on it's own layer\n                    tile_rawmode = rawmode[layer]\n                    # adjust stride width accordingly\n                    stride /= bps_count\n\n                a = (tile_rawmode, int(stride), 1)\n                self.tile.append(\n                    (\n                        self._compression,\n                        (x, y, min(x + w, xsize), min(y + h, ysize)),\n                        offset,\n                        a,\n                    )\n                )\n                x = x + w\n                if x >= self.size[0]:\n                    x, y = 0, y + h\n                    if y >= self.size[1]:\n                        x = y = 0\n                        layer += 1\n        else:\n            logger.debug(\"- unsupported data organization\")\n            msg = \"unknown data organization\"\n            raise SyntaxError(msg)\n\n        # Fix up info.\n        if ICCPROFILE in self.tag_v2:\n            self.info[\"icc_profile\"] = self.tag_v2[ICCPROFILE]\n\n        # fixup palette descriptor\n\n        if self.mode in [\"P\", \"PA\"]:\n            palette = [o8(b // 256) for b in self.tag_v2[COLORMAP]]\n            self.palette = ImagePalette.raw(\"RGB;L\", b\"\".join(palette))\n\n\n#\n# --------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Write TIFF files\n\n# little endian is default except for image modes with\n# explicit big endian byte-order\n\nSAVE_INFO = {\n    # mode => rawmode, byteorder, photometrics,\n    #           sampleformat, bitspersample, extra\n    \"1\": (\"1\", II, 1, 1, (1,), None),\n    \"L\": (\"L\", II, 1, 1, (8,), None),\n    \"LA\": (\"LA\", II, 1, 1, (8, 8), 2),\n    \"P\": (\"P\", II, 3, 1, (8,), None),\n    \"PA\": (\"PA\", II, 3, 1, (8, 8), 2),\n    \"I\": (\"I;32S\", II, 1, 2, (32,), None),\n    \"I;16\": (\"I;16\", II, 1, 1, (16,), None),\n    \"I;16S\": (\"I;16S\", II, 1, 2, (16,), None),\n    \"F\": (\"F;32F\", II, 1, 3, (32,), None),\n    \"RGB\": (\"RGB\", II, 2, 1, (8, 8, 8), None),\n    \"RGBX\": (\"RGBX\", II, 2, 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), 0),\n    \"RGBA\": (\"RGBA\", II, 2, 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), 2),\n    \"CMYK\": (\"CMYK\", II, 5, 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), None),\n    \"YCbCr\": (\"YCbCr\", II, 6, 1, (8, 8, 8), None),\n    \"LAB\": (\"LAB\", II, 8, 1, (8, 8, 8), None),\n    \"I;32BS\": (\"I;32BS\", MM, 1, 2, (32,), None),\n    \"I;16B\": (\"I;16B\", MM, 1, 1, (16,), None),\n    \"I;16BS\": (\"I;16BS\", MM, 1, 2, (16,), None),\n    \"F;32BF\": (\"F;32BF\", MM, 1, 3, (32,), None),\n}\n\n\ndef _save(im, fp, filename):\n    try:\n        rawmode, prefix, photo, format, bits, extra = SAVE_INFO[im.mode]\n    except KeyError as e:\n        msg = f\"cannot write mode {im.mode} as TIFF\"\n        raise OSError(msg) from e\n\n    ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(prefix=prefix)\n\n    encoderinfo = im.encoderinfo\n    encoderconfig = im.encoderconfig\n    try:\n        compression = encoderinfo[\"compression\"]\n    except KeyError:\n        compression = im.info.get(\"compression\")\n        if isinstance(compression, int):\n            # compression value may be from BMP. Ignore it\n            compression = None\n    if compression is None:\n        compression = \"raw\"\n    elif compression == \"tiff_jpeg\":\n        # OJPEG is obsolete, so use new-style JPEG compression instead\n        compression = \"jpeg\"\n    elif compression == \"tiff_deflate\":\n        compression = \"tiff_adobe_deflate\"\n\n    libtiff = WRITE_LIBTIFF or compression != \"raw\"\n\n    # required for color libtiff images\n    ifd[PLANAR_CONFIGURATION] = 1\n\n    ifd[IMAGEWIDTH] = im.size[0]\n    ifd[IMAGELENGTH] = im.size[1]\n\n    # write any arbitrary tags passed in as an ImageFileDirectory\n    if \"tiffinfo\" in encoderinfo:\n        info = encoderinfo[\"tiffinfo\"]\n    elif \"exif\" in encoderinfo:\n        info = encoderinfo[\"exif\"]\n        if isinstance(info, bytes):\n            exif = Image.Exif()\n            exif.load(info)\n            info = exif\n    else:\n        info = {}\n    logger.debug(\"Tiffinfo Keys: %s\", list(info))\n    if isinstance(info, ImageFileDirectory_v1):\n        info = info.to_v2()\n    for key in info:\n        if isinstance(info, Image.Exif) and key in TiffTags.TAGS_V2_GROUPS:\n            ifd[key] = info.get_ifd(key)\n        else:\n            ifd[key] = info.get(key)\n        try:\n            ifd.tagtype[key] = info.tagtype[key]\n        except Exception:\n            pass  # might not be an IFD. Might not have populated type\n\n    # additions written by Greg Couch, gregc@cgl.ucsf.edu\n    # inspired by image-sig posting from Kevin Cazabon, kcazabon@home.com\n    if hasattr(im, \"tag_v2\"):\n        # preserve tags from original TIFF image file\n        for key in (\n            RESOLUTION_UNIT,\n            X_RESOLUTION,\n            Y_RESOLUTION,\n            IPTC_NAA_CHUNK,\n            PHOTOSHOP_CHUNK,\n            XMP,\n        ):\n            if key in im.tag_v2:\n                ifd[key] = im.tag_v2[key]\n                ifd.tagtype[key] = im.tag_v2.tagtype[key]\n\n    # preserve ICC profile (should also work when saving other formats\n    # which support profiles as TIFF) -- 2008-06-06 Florian Hoech\n    icc = encoderinfo.get(\"icc_profile\", im.info.get(\"icc_profile\"))\n    if icc:\n        ifd[ICCPROFILE] = icc\n\n    for key, name in [\n        (IMAGEDESCRIPTION, \"description\"),\n        (X_RESOLUTION, \"resolution\"),\n        (Y_RESOLUTION, \"resolution\"),\n        (X_RESOLUTION, \"x_resolution\"),\n        (Y_RESOLUTION, \"y_resolution\"),\n        (RESOLUTION_UNIT, \"resolution_unit\"),\n        (SOFTWARE, \"software\"),\n        (DATE_TIME, \"date_time\"),\n        (ARTIST, \"artist\"),\n        (COPYRIGHT, \"copyright\"),\n    ]:\n        if name in encoderinfo:\n            ifd[key] = encoderinfo[name]\n\n    dpi = encoderinfo.get(\"dpi\")\n    if dpi:\n        ifd[RESOLUTION_UNIT] = 2\n        ifd[X_RESOLUTION] = dpi[0]\n        ifd[Y_RESOLUTION] = dpi[1]\n\n    if bits != (1,):\n        ifd[BITSPERSAMPLE] = bits\n        if len(bits) != 1:\n            ifd[SAMPLESPERPIXEL] = len(bits)\n    if extra is not None:\n        ifd[EXTRASAMPLES] = extra\n    if format != 1:\n        ifd[SAMPLEFORMAT] = format\n\n    if PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION not in ifd:\n        ifd[PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION] = photo\n    elif im.mode in (\"1\", \"L\") and ifd[PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION] == 0:\n        if im.mode == \"1\":\n            inverted_im = im.copy()\n            px = inverted_im.load()\n            for y in range(inverted_im.height):\n                for x in range(inverted_im.width):\n                    px[x, y] = 0 if px[x, y] == 255 else 255\n            im = inverted_im\n        else:\n            im = ImageOps.invert(im)\n\n    if im.mode in [\"P\", \"PA\"]:\n        lut = im.im.getpalette(\"RGB\", \"RGB;L\")\n        colormap = []\n        colors = len(lut) // 3\n        for i in range(3):\n            colormap += [v * 256 for v in lut[colors * i : colors * (i + 1)]]\n            colormap += [0] * (256 - colors)\n        ifd[COLORMAP] = colormap\n    # data orientation\n    stride = len(bits) * ((im.size[0] * bits[0] + 7) // 8)\n    # aim for given strip size (64 KB by default) when using libtiff writer\n    if libtiff:\n        im_strip_size = encoderinfo.get(\"strip_size\", STRIP_SIZE)\n        rows_per_strip = 1 if stride == 0 else min(im_strip_size // stride, im.size[1])\n        # JPEG encoder expects multiple of 8 rows\n        if compression == \"jpeg\":\n            rows_per_strip = min(((rows_per_strip + 7) // 8) * 8, im.size[1])\n    else:\n        rows_per_strip = im.size[1]\n    if rows_per_strip == 0:\n        rows_per_strip = 1\n    strip_byte_counts = 1 if stride == 0 else stride * rows_per_strip\n    strips_per_image = (im.size[1] + rows_per_strip - 1) // rows_per_strip\n    ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP] = rows_per_strip\n    if strip_byte_counts >= 2**16:\n        ifd.tagtype[STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = TiffTags.LONG\n    ifd[STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = (strip_byte_counts,) * (strips_per_image - 1) + (\n        stride * im.size[1] - strip_byte_counts * (strips_per_image - 1),\n    )\n    ifd[STRIPOFFSETS] = tuple(\n        range(0, strip_byte_counts * strips_per_image, strip_byte_counts)\n    )  # this is adjusted by IFD writer\n    # no compression by default:\n    ifd[COMPRESSION] = COMPRESSION_INFO_REV.get(compression, 1)\n\n    if im.mode == \"YCbCr\":\n        for tag, value in {\n            YCBCRSUBSAMPLING: (1, 1),\n            REFERENCEBLACKWHITE: (0, 255, 128, 255, 128, 255),\n        }.items():\n            ifd.setdefault(tag, value)\n\n    blocklist = [TILEWIDTH, TILELENGTH, TILEOFFSETS, TILEBYTECOUNTS]\n    if libtiff:\n        if \"quality\" in encoderinfo:\n            quality = encoderinfo[\"quality\"]\n            if not isinstance(quality, int) or quality < 0 or quality > 100:\n                msg = \"Invalid quality setting\"\n                raise ValueError(msg)\n            if compression != \"jpeg\":\n                msg = \"quality setting only supported for 'jpeg' compression\"\n                raise ValueError(msg)\n            ifd[JPEGQUALITY] = quality\n\n        logger.debug(\"Saving using libtiff encoder\")\n        logger.debug(\"Items: %s\", sorted(ifd.items()))\n        _fp = 0\n        if hasattr(fp, \"fileno\"):\n            try:\n                fp.seek(0)\n                _fp = os.dup(fp.fileno())\n            except io.UnsupportedOperation:\n                pass\n\n        # optional types for non core tags\n        types = {}\n        # STRIPOFFSETS and STRIPBYTECOUNTS are added by the library\n        # based on the data in the strip.\n        # The other tags expect arrays with a certain length (fixed or depending on\n        # BITSPERSAMPLE, etc), passing arrays with a different length will result in\n        # segfaults. Block these tags until we add extra validation.\n        # SUBIFD may also cause a segfault.\n        blocklist += [\n            REFERENCEBLACKWHITE,\n            STRIPBYTECOUNTS,\n            STRIPOFFSETS,\n            TRANSFERFUNCTION,\n            SUBIFD,\n        ]\n\n        # bits per sample is a single short in the tiff directory, not a list.\n        atts = {BITSPERSAMPLE: bits[0]}\n        # Merge the ones that we have with (optional) more bits from\n        # the original file, e.g x,y resolution so that we can\n        # save(load('')) == original file.\n        legacy_ifd = {}\n        if hasattr(im, \"tag\"):\n            legacy_ifd = im.tag.to_v2()\n\n        # SAMPLEFORMAT is determined by the image format and should not be copied\n        # from legacy_ifd.\n        supplied_tags = {**getattr(im, \"tag_v2\", {}), **legacy_ifd}\n        if SAMPLEFORMAT in supplied_tags:\n            del supplied_tags[SAMPLEFORMAT]\n\n        for tag, value in itertools.chain(ifd.items(), supplied_tags.items()):\n            # Libtiff can only process certain core items without adding\n            # them to the custom dictionary.\n            # Custom items are supported for int, float, unicode, string and byte\n            # values. Other types and tuples require a tagtype.\n            if tag not in TiffTags.LIBTIFF_CORE:\n                if not getattr(Image.core, \"libtiff_support_custom_tags\", False):\n                    continue\n\n                if tag in ifd.tagtype:\n                    types[tag] = ifd.tagtype[tag]\n                elif not (isinstance(value, (int, float, str, bytes))):\n                    continue\n                else:\n                    type = TiffTags.lookup(tag).type\n                    if type:\n                        types[tag] = type\n            if tag not in atts and tag not in blocklist:\n                if isinstance(value, str):\n                    atts[tag] = value.encode(\"ascii\", \"replace\") + b\"\\0\"\n                elif isinstance(value, IFDRational):\n                    atts[tag] = float(value)\n                else:\n                    atts[tag] = value\n\n        if SAMPLEFORMAT in atts and len(atts[SAMPLEFORMAT]) == 1:\n            atts[SAMPLEFORMAT] = atts[SAMPLEFORMAT][0]\n\n        logger.debug(\"Converted items: %s\", sorted(atts.items()))\n\n        # libtiff always expects the bytes in native order.\n        # we're storing image byte order. So, if the rawmode\n        # contains I;16, we need to convert from native to image\n        # byte order.\n        if im.mode in (\"I;16B\", \"I;16\"):\n            rawmode = \"I;16N\"\n\n        # Pass tags as sorted list so that the tags are set in a fixed order.\n        # This is required by libtiff for some tags. For example, the JPEGQUALITY\n        # pseudo tag requires that the COMPRESS tag was already set.\n        tags = list(atts.items())\n        tags.sort()\n        a = (rawmode, compression, _fp, filename, tags, types)\n        e = Image._getencoder(im.mode, \"libtiff\", a, encoderconfig)\n        e.setimage(im.im, (0, 0) + im.size)\n        while True:\n            # undone, change to self.decodermaxblock:\n            errcode, data = e.encode(16 * 1024)[1:]\n            if not _fp:\n                fp.write(data)\n            if errcode:\n                break\n        if _fp:\n            try:\n                os.close(_fp)\n            except OSError:\n                pass\n        if errcode < 0:\n            msg = f\"encoder error {errcode} when writing image file\"\n            raise OSError(msg)\n\n    else:\n        for tag in blocklist:\n            del ifd[tag]\n        offset = ifd.save(fp)\n\n        ImageFile._save(\n            im, fp, [(\"raw\", (0, 0) + im.size, offset, (rawmode, stride, 1))]\n        )\n\n    # -- helper for multi-page save --\n    if \"_debug_multipage\" in encoderinfo:\n        # just to access o32 and o16 (using correct byte order)\n        im._debug_multipage = ifd\n\n\nclass AppendingTiffWriter:\n    fieldSizes = [\n        0,  # None\n        1,  # byte\n        1,  # ascii\n        2,  # short\n        4,  # long\n        8,  # rational\n        1,  # sbyte\n        1,  # undefined\n        2,  # sshort\n        4,  # slong\n        8,  # srational\n        4,  # float\n        8,  # double\n        4,  # ifd\n        2,  # unicode\n        4,  # complex\n        8,  # long8\n    ]\n\n    Tags = {\n        273,  # StripOffsets\n        288,  # FreeOffsets\n        324,  # TileOffsets\n        519,  # JPEGQTables\n        520,  # JPEGDCTables\n        521,  # JPEGACTables\n    }\n\n    def __init__(self, fn, new=False):\n        if hasattr(fn, \"read\"):\n            self.f = fn\n            self.close_fp = False\n        else:\n            self.name = fn\n            self.close_fp = True\n            try:\n                self.f = open(fn, \"w+b\" if new else \"r+b\")\n            except OSError:\n                self.f = open(fn, \"w+b\")\n        self.beginning = self.f.tell()\n        self.setup()\n\n    def setup(self):\n        # Reset everything.\n        self.f.seek(self.beginning, os.SEEK_SET)\n\n        self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset = None\n        self.offsetOfNewPage = 0\n\n        self.IIMM = iimm = self.f.read(4)\n        if not iimm:\n            # empty file - first page\n            self.isFirst = True\n            return\n\n        self.isFirst = False\n        if iimm == b\"II\\x2a\\x00\":\n            self.setEndian(\"<\")\n        elif iimm == b\"MM\\x00\\x2a\":\n            self.setEndian(\">\")\n        else:\n            msg = \"Invalid TIFF file header\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n        self.skipIFDs()\n        self.goToEnd()\n\n    def finalize(self):\n        if self.isFirst:\n            return\n\n        # fix offsets\n        self.f.seek(self.offsetOfNewPage)\n\n        iimm = self.f.read(4)\n        if not iimm:\n            # Make it easy to finish a frame without committing to a new one.\n            return\n\n        if iimm != self.IIMM:\n            msg = \"IIMM of new page doesn't match IIMM of first page\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n        ifd_offset = self.readLong()\n        ifd_offset += self.offsetOfNewPage\n        self.f.seek(self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset)\n        self.writeLong(ifd_offset)\n        self.f.seek(ifd_offset)\n        self.fixIFD()\n\n    def newFrame(self):\n        # Call this to finish a frame.\n        self.finalize()\n        self.setup()\n\n    def __enter__(self):\n        return self\n\n    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):\n        if self.close_fp:\n            self.close()\n        return False\n\n    def tell(self):\n        return self.f.tell() - self.offsetOfNewPage\n\n    def seek(self, offset, whence=io.SEEK_SET):\n        if whence == os.SEEK_SET:\n            offset += self.offsetOfNewPage\n\n        self.f.seek(offset, whence)\n        return self.tell()\n\n    def goToEnd(self):\n        self.f.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)\n        pos = self.f.tell()\n\n        # pad to 16 byte boundary\n        pad_bytes = 16 - pos % 16\n        if 0 < pad_bytes < 16:\n            self.f.write(bytes(pad_bytes))\n        self.offsetOfNewPage = self.f.tell()\n\n    def setEndian(self, endian):\n        self.endian = endian\n        self.longFmt = self.endian + \"L\"\n        self.shortFmt = self.endian + \"H\"\n        self.tagFormat = self.endian + \"HHL\"\n\n    def skipIFDs(self):\n        while True:\n            ifd_offset = self.readLong()\n            if ifd_offset == 0:\n                self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset = self.f.tell() - 4\n                break\n\n            self.f.seek(ifd_offset)\n            num_tags = self.readShort()\n            self.f.seek(num_tags * 12, os.SEEK_CUR)\n\n    def write(self, data):\n        return self.f.write(data)\n\n    def readShort(self):\n        (value,) = struct.unpack(self.shortFmt, self.f.read(2))\n        return value\n\n    def readLong(self):\n        (value,) = struct.unpack(self.longFmt, self.f.read(4))\n        return value\n\n    def rewriteLastShortToLong(self, value):\n        self.f.seek(-2, os.SEEK_CUR)\n        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.longFmt, value))\n        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 4:\n            msg = f\"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 4\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n    def rewriteLastShort(self, value):\n        self.f.seek(-2, os.SEEK_CUR)\n        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.shortFmt, value))\n        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 2:\n            msg = f\"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 2\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n    def rewriteLastLong(self, value):\n        self.f.seek(-4, os.SEEK_CUR)\n        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.longFmt, value))\n        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 4:\n            msg = f\"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 4\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n    def writeShort(self, value):\n        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.shortFmt, value))\n        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 2:\n            msg = f\"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 2\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n    def writeLong(self, value):\n        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.longFmt, value))\n        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 4:\n            msg = f\"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 4\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n    def close(self):\n        self.finalize()\n        self.f.close()\n\n    def fixIFD(self):\n        num_tags = self.readShort()\n\n        for i in range(num_tags):\n            tag, field_type, count = struct.unpack(self.tagFormat, self.f.read(8))\n\n            field_size = self.fieldSizes[field_type]\n            total_size = field_size * count\n            is_local = total_size <= 4\n            if not is_local:\n                offset = self.readLong()\n                offset += self.offsetOfNewPage\n                self.rewriteLastLong(offset)\n\n            if tag in self.Tags:\n                cur_pos = self.f.tell()\n\n                if is_local:\n                    self.fixOffsets(\n                        count, isShort=(field_size == 2), isLong=(field_size == 4)\n                    )\n                    self.f.seek(cur_pos + 4)\n                else:\n                    self.f.seek(offset)\n                    self.fixOffsets(\n                        count, isShort=(field_size == 2), isLong=(field_size == 4)\n                    )\n                    self.f.seek(cur_pos)\n\n                offset = cur_pos = None\n\n            elif is_local:\n                # skip the locally stored value that is not an offset\n                self.f.seek(4, os.SEEK_CUR)\n\n    def fixOffsets(self, count, isShort=False, isLong=False):\n        if not isShort and not isLong:\n            msg = \"offset is neither short nor long\"\n            raise RuntimeError(msg)\n\n        for i in range(count):\n            offset = self.readShort() if isShort else self.readLong()\n            offset += self.offsetOfNewPage\n            if isShort and offset >= 65536:\n                # offset is now too large - we must convert shorts to longs\n                if count != 1:\n                    msg = \"not implemented\"\n                    raise RuntimeError(msg)  # XXX TODO\n\n                # simple case - the offset is just one and therefore it is\n                # local (not referenced with another offset)\n                self.rewriteLastShortToLong(offset)\n                self.f.seek(-10, os.SEEK_CUR)\n                self.writeShort(TiffTags.LONG)  # rewrite the type to LONG\n                self.f.seek(8, os.SEEK_CUR)\n            elif isShort:\n                self.rewriteLastShort(offset)\n            else:\n                self.rewriteLastLong(offset)\n\n\ndef _save_all(im, fp, filename):\n    encoderinfo = im.encoderinfo.copy()\n    encoderconfig = im.encoderconfig\n    append_images = list(encoderinfo.get(\"append_images\", []))\n    if not hasattr(im, \"n_frames\") and not append_images:\n        return _save(im, fp, filename)\n\n    cur_idx = im.tell()\n    try:\n        with AppendingTiffWriter(fp) as tf:\n            for ims in [im] + append_images:\n                ims.encoderinfo = encoderinfo\n                ims.encoderconfig = encoderconfig\n                if not hasattr(ims, \"n_frames\"):\n                    nfr = 1\n                else:\n                    nfr = ims.n_frames\n\n                for idx in range(nfr):\n                    ims.seek(idx)\n                    ims.load()\n                    _save(ims, tf, filename)\n                    tf.newFrame()\n    finally:\n        im.seek(cur_idx)\n\n\n#\n# --------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Register\n\nImage.register_open(TiffImageFile.format, TiffImageFile, _accept)\nImage.register_save(TiffImageFile.format, _save)\nImage.register_save_all(TiffImageFile.format, _save_all)\n\nImage.register_extensions(TiffImageFile.format, [\".tif\", \".tiff\"])\n\nImage.register_mime(TiffImageFile.format, \"image/tiff\")\n"}
A user will ask you to solve a task. You should first draft your thinking process (inner monologue). Then, generate the solution.

Your response format must follow the template below:
<think>
Your thoughts or/and draft, like working through an exercise on scratch paper. Be as casual and as long as you want until you are confident to generate a correct solution.
</think>
<solution>
Final solution presented to the user.
</solution>
system
We are currently solving the following issue within our repository. Here is the issue text:
--- BEGIN ISSUE ---
**Analysis:**

- **Key Parts:**
  - **Commit Message:** "Support setting ROWSPERSTRIP tag."
  - **Test Failure Before Commit:** The test `test_rowsperstrip` expected the `ROWSPERSTRIP` tag to be `256`, but it was `128`.
  - **Commit Patch:** Modified how `ROWSPERSTRIP` is set, ensuring it only sets the tag if it's not already present.
  
- **Main Problem:** Before the commit, when setting the `ROWSPERSTRIP` tag to a specific value (e.g., `256`), the saved TIFF file did not retain this value and instead set it to `128`, causing discrepancies in expected strip sizes.

- **Expected Behavior:** When specifying the `ROWSPERSTRIP` tag during saving, the TIFF file should retain the specified value.

- **Actual Behavior:** The `ROWSPERSTRIP` tag does not retain the specified value and is set to a default or incorrect value instead.

- **Issue Description:** The issue should clearly describe the failure to retain the specified `ROWSPERSTRIP` value, provide a concise code example demonstrating the problem, and explain the discrepancy between expected and actual behavior.

---

**Drafted GitHub Issue:**

[ISSUE]
**Title:** Setting ROWSPERSTRIP tag does not retain specified value in saved TIFF files

**Description:**
When attempting to set the `ROWSPERSTRIP` tag to a specific value during the saving of a TIFF image, the saved file does not retain this value. Instead, it defaults to an unexpected value, leading to inconsistencies in how the image data is stored.

**Example Code:**
```python
from PIL import Image

# Create a simple image
im = Image.new("RGB", (100, 100))

# Save the image with ROWSPERSTRIP set to 256
im.save("temp.tif", tiffinfo={278: 256})

# Open the saved image and check the ROWSPERSTRIP tag
with Image.open("temp.tif") as im_saved:
    rows_per_strip = im_saved.tag_v2[278]
    print(f"ROWSPERSTRIP: {rows_per_strip}")  # Expected: 256
```

**Expected Behavior:**
The `ROWSPERSTRIP` tag in the saved TIFF file should be set to the specified value (`256` in this example), ensuring that the image data is divided into strips of 256 rows each.

**Actual Behavior:**
The `ROWSPERSTRIP` tag is set to a different value (`128` in this case), ignoring the specified setting and defaulting to an unexpected number of rows per strip.

[/ISSUE]
--- END ISSUE ---

Below are some code segments, each from a relevant file. One or more of these files may contain bugs.

--- BEGIN FILE ---
```
### src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py
#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# TIFF file handling
#
# TIFF is a flexible, if somewhat aged, image file format originally
# defined by Aldus.  Although TIFF supports a wide variety of pixel
# layouts and compression methods, the name doesn't really stand for
# "thousands of incompatible file formats," it just feels that way.
#
# To read TIFF data from a stream, the stream must be seekable.  For
# progressive decoding, make sure to use TIFF files where the tag
# directory is placed first in the file.
#
# History:
# 1995-09-01 fl   Created
# 1996-05-04 fl   Handle JPEGTABLES tag
# 1996-05-18 fl   Fixed COLORMAP support
# 1997-01-05 fl   Fixed PREDICTOR support
# 1997-08-27 fl   Added support for rational tags (from Perry Stoll)
# 1998-01-10 fl   Fixed seek/tell (from Jan Blom)
# 1998-07-15 fl   Use private names for internal variables
# 1999-06-13 fl   Rewritten for PIL 1.0 (1.0)
# 2000-10-11 fl   Additional fixes for Python 2.0 (1.1)
# 2001-04-17 fl   Fixed rewind support (seek to frame 0) (1.2)
# 2001-05-12 fl   Added write support for more tags (from Greg Couch) (1.3)
# 2001-12-18 fl   Added workaround for broken Matrox library
# 2002-01-18 fl   Don't mess up if photometric tag is missing (D. Alan Stewart)
# 2003-05-19 fl   Check FILLORDER tag
# 2003-09-26 fl   Added RGBa support
# 2004-02-24 fl   Added DPI support; fixed rational write support
# 2005-02-07 fl   Added workaround for broken Corel Draw 10 files
# 2006-01-09 fl   Added support for float/double tags (from Russell Nelson)
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2006 by Secret Labs AB.  All rights reserved.
# Copyright (c) 1995-1997 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations

import io
import itertools
import logging
import math
import os
import struct
import warnings
from collections.abc import MutableMapping
from fractions import Fraction
from numbers import Number, Rational

from . import ExifTags, Image, ImageFile, ImageOps, ImagePalette, TiffTags
from ._binary import i16be as i16
from ._binary import i32be as i32
from ._binary import o8
from .TiffTags import TYPES

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# Set these to true to force use of libtiff for reading or writing.
READ_LIBTIFF = False
WRITE_LIBTIFF = False
IFD_LEGACY_API = True
STRIP_SIZE = 65536

II = b"II"  # little-endian (Intel style)
MM = b"MM"  # big-endian (Motorola style)

#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Read TIFF files

# a few tag names, just to make the code below a bit more readable
IMAGEWIDTH = 256
IMAGELENGTH = 257
BITSPERSAMPLE = 258
COMPRESSION = 259
PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION = 262
FILLORDER = 266
IMAGEDESCRIPTION = 270
STRIPOFFSETS = 273
SAMPLESPERPIXEL = 277
ROWSPERSTRIP = 278
STRIPBYTECOUNTS = 279
X_RESOLUTION = 282
Y_RESOLUTION = 283
PLANAR_CONFIGURATION = 284
RESOLUTION_UNIT = 296
TRANSFERFUNCTION = 301
SOFTWARE = 305
DATE_TIME = 306
ARTIST = 315
PREDICTOR = 317
COLORMAP = 320
TILEWIDTH = 322
TILELENGTH = 323
TILEOFFSETS = 324
TILEBYTECOUNTS = 325
SUBIFD = 330
EXTRASAMPLES = 338
SAMPLEFORMAT = 339
JPEGTABLES = 347
YCBCRSUBSAMPLING = 530
REFERENCEBLACKWHITE = 532
COPYRIGHT = 33432
IPTC_NAA_CHUNK = 33723  # newsphoto properties
PHOTOSHOP_CHUNK = 34377  # photoshop properties
ICCPROFILE = 34675
EXIFIFD = 34665
XMP = 700
JPEGQUALITY = 65537  # pseudo-tag by libtiff

# https://github.com/imagej/ImageJA/blob/master/src/main/java/ij/io/TiffDecoder.java
IMAGEJ_META_DATA_BYTE_COUNTS = 50838
IMAGEJ_META_DATA = 50839

COMPRESSION_INFO = {
    # Compression => pil compression name
    1: "raw",
    2: "tiff_ccitt",
    3: "group3",
    4: "group4",
    5: "tiff_lzw",
    6: "tiff_jpeg",  # obsolete
    7: "jpeg",
    8: "tiff_adobe_deflate",
    32771: "tiff_raw_16",  # 16-bit padding
    32773: "packbits",
    32809: "tiff_thunderscan",
    32946: "tiff_deflate",
    34676: "tiff_sgilog",
    34677: "tiff_sgilog24",
    34925: "lzma",
    50000: "zstd",
    50001: "webp",
}

COMPRESSION_INFO_REV = {v: k for k, v in COMPRESSION_INFO.items()}

OPEN_INFO = {
    # (ByteOrder, PhotoInterpretation, SampleFormat, FillOrder, BitsPerSample,
    #  ExtraSamples) => mode, rawmode
    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;I"),
    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;I"),
    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;IR"),
    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;IR"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("1", "1"),
    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("1", "1"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;R"),
    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;R"),
    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2I"),
    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2I"),
    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2IR"),
    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2IR"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2"),
    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2R"),
    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2R"),
    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4I"),
    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4I"),
    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4IR"),
    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4IR"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4"),
    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4R"),
    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4R"),
    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;I"),
    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;I"),
    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;IR"),
    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;IR"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L"),
    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L"),
    (II, 1, (2,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L"),
    (MM, 1, (2,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;R"),
    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;R"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (12,), ()): ("I;16", "I;12"),
    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (16,), ()): ("I;16", "I;16"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (16,), ()): ("I;16", "I;16"),
    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (16,), ()): ("I;16B", "I;16B"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (16,), ()): ("I;16", "I;16R"),
    (II, 1, (2,), 1, (16,), ()): ("I", "I;16S"),
    (MM, 1, (2,), 1, (16,), ()): ("I", "I;16BS"),
    (II, 0, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): ("F", "F;32F"),
    (MM, 0, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): ("F", "F;32BF"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (32,), ()): ("I", "I;32N"),
    (II, 1, (2,), 1, (32,), ()): ("I", "I;32S"),
    (MM, 1, (2,), 1, (32,), ()): ("I", "I;32BS"),
    (II, 1, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): ("F", "F;32F"),
    (MM, 1, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): ("F", "F;32BF"),
    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): ("LA", "LA"),
    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): ("LA", "LA"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGB"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGB"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 2, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGB;R"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 2, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGB;R"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),  # missing ExtraSamples
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),  # missing ExtraSamples
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): ("RGBX", "RGBX"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): ("RGBX", "RGBX"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): ("RGBX", "RGBXX"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): ("RGBX", "RGBXX"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0, 0)): ("RGBX", "RGBXXX"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0, 0)): ("RGBX", "RGBXXX"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (1,)): ("RGBA", "RGBa"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (1,)): ("RGBA", "RGBa"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBaX"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBaX"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBaXX"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBaXX"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (2,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (2,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBAX"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBAX"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBAXX"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBAXX"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (999,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),  # Corel Draw 10
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (999,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),  # Corel Draw 10
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16), ()): ("RGB", "RGB;16L"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16), ()): ("RGB", "RGB;16B"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), ()): ("RGBA", "RGBA;16L"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), ()): ("RGBA", "RGBA;16B"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (0,)): ("RGBX", "RGBX;16L"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (0,)): ("RGBX", "RGBX;16B"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (1,)): ("RGBA", "RGBa;16L"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (1,)): ("RGBA", "RGBa;16B"),
    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (2,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA;16L"),
    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (2,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA;16B"),
    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("P", "P;1"),
    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("P", "P;1"),
    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("P", "P;1R"),
    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("P", "P;1R"),
    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): ("P", "P;2"),
    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): ("P", "P;2"),
    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): ("P", "P;2R"),
    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): ("P", "P;2R"),
    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): ("P", "P;4"),
    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): ("P", "P;4"),
    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): ("P", "P;4R"),
    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): ("P", "P;4R"),
    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("P", "P"),
    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("P", "P"),
    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): ("PA", "PA"),
    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): ("PA", "PA"),
    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("P", "P;R"),
    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("P", "P;R"),
    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): ("CMYK", "CMYK"),
    (MM, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): ("CMYK", "CMYK"),
    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): ("CMYK", "CMYKX"),
    (MM, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): ("CMYK", "CMYKX"),
    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): ("CMYK", "CMYKXX"),
    (MM, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): ("CMYK", "CMYKXX"),
    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), ()): ("CMYK", "CMYK;16L"),
    (II, 6, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L"),
    (MM, 6, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L"),
    # JPEG compressed images handled by LibTiff and auto-converted to RGBX
    # Minimal Baseline TIFF requires YCbCr images to have 3 SamplesPerPixel
    (II, 6, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGBX"),
    (MM, 6, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGBX"),
    (II, 8, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("LAB", "LAB"),
    (MM, 8, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("LAB", "LAB"),
}

MAX_SAMPLESPERPIXEL = max(len(key_tp[4]) for key_tp in OPEN_INFO)

PREFIXES = [
    b"MM\x00\x2A",  # Valid TIFF header with big-endian byte order
    b"II\x2A\x00",  # Valid TIFF header with little-endian byte order
    b"MM\x2A\x00",  # Invalid TIFF header, assume big-endian
    b"II\x00\x2A",  # Invalid TIFF header, assume little-endian
    b"MM\x00\x2B",  # BigTIFF with big-endian byte order
    b"II\x2B\x00",  # BigTIFF with little-endian byte order
]


def _accept(prefix):
    return prefix[:4] in PREFIXES


def _limit_rational(val, max_val):
    inv = abs(val) > 1
    n_d = IFDRational(1 / val if inv else val).limit_rational(max_val)
    return n_d[::-1] if inv else n_d


def _limit_signed_rational(val, max_val, min_val):
    frac = Fraction(val)
    n_d = frac.numerator, frac.denominator

    if min(n_d) < min_val:
        n_d = _limit_rational(val, abs(min_val))

    if max(n_d) > max_val:
        val = Fraction(*n_d)
        n_d = _limit_rational(val, max_val)

    return n_d


##
# Wrapper for TIFF IFDs.

_load_dispatch = {}
_write_dispatch = {}


class IFDRational(Rational):
    """Implements a rational class where 0/0 is a legal value to match
    the in the wild use of exif rationals.

    e.g., DigitalZoomRatio - 0.00/0.00  indicates that no digital zoom was used
    """

    """ If the denominator is 0, store this as a float('nan'), otherwise store
    as a fractions.Fraction(). Delegate as appropriate

    """

    __slots__ = ("_numerator", "_denominator", "_val")

    def __init__(self, value, denominator=1):
        """
        :param value: either an integer numerator, a
        float/rational/other number, or an IFDRational
        :param denominator: Optional integer denominator
        """
        if isinstance(value, IFDRational):
            self._numerator = value.numerator
            self._denominator = value.denominator
            self._val = value._val
            return

        if isinstance(value, Fraction):
            self._numerator = value.numerator
            self._denominator = value.denominator
        else:
            self._numerator = value
            self._denominator = denominator

        if denominator == 0:
            self._val = float("nan")
        elif denominator == 1:
            self._val = Fraction(value)
        else:
            self._val = Fraction(value, denominator)

    @property
    def numerator(self):
        return self._numerator

    @property
    def denominator(self):
        return self._denominator

    def limit_rational(self, max_denominator):
        """

        :param max_denominator: Integer, the maximum denominator value
        :returns: Tuple of (numerator, denominator)
        """

        if self.denominator == 0:
            return self.numerator, self.denominator

        f = self._val.limit_denominator(max_denominator)
        return f.numerator, f.denominator

    def __repr__(self):
        return str(float(self._val))

    def __hash__(self):
        return self._val.__hash__()

    def __eq__(self, other):
        val = self._val
        if isinstance(other, IFDRational):
            other = other._val
        if isinstance(other, float):
            val = float(val)
        return val == other

    def __getstate__(self):
        return [self._val, self._numerator, self._denominator]

    def __setstate__(self, state):
        IFDRational.__init__(self, 0)
        _val, _numerator, _denominator = state
        self._val = _val
        self._numerator = _numerator
        self._denominator = _denominator

    def _delegate(op):
        def delegate(self, *args):
            return getattr(self._val, op)(*args)

        return delegate

    """ a = ['add','radd', 'sub', 'rsub', 'mul', 'rmul',
             'truediv', 'rtruediv', 'floordiv', 'rfloordiv',
             'mod','rmod', 'pow','rpow', 'pos', 'neg',
             'abs', 'trunc', 'lt', 'gt', 'le', 'ge', 'bool',
             'ceil', 'floor', 'round']
        print("\n".join("__%s__ = _delegate('__%s__')" % (s,s) for s in a))
        """

    __add__ = _delegate("__add__")
    __radd__ = _delegate("__radd__")
    __sub__ = _delegate("__sub__")
    __rsub__ = _delegate("__rsub__")
    __mul__ = _delegate("__mul__")
    __rmul__ = _delegate("__rmul__")
    __truediv__ = _delegate("__truediv__")
    __rtruediv__ = _delegate("__rtruediv__")
    __floordiv__ = _delegate("__floordiv__")
    __rfloordiv__ = _delegate("__rfloordiv__")
    __mod__ = _delegate("__mod__")
    __rmod__ = _delegate("__rmod__")
    __pow__ = _delegate("__pow__")
    __rpow__ = _delegate("__rpow__")
    __pos__ = _delegate("__pos__")
    __neg__ = _delegate("__neg__")
    __abs__ = _delegate("__abs__")
    __trunc__ = _delegate("__trunc__")
    __lt__ = _delegate("__lt__")
    __gt__ = _delegate("__gt__")
    __le__ = _delegate("__le__")
    __ge__ = _delegate("__ge__")
    __bool__ = _delegate("__bool__")
    __ceil__ = _delegate("__ceil__")
    __floor__ = _delegate("__floor__")
    __round__ = _delegate("__round__")
    # Python >= 3.11
    if hasattr(Fraction, "__int__"):
        __int__ = _delegate("__int__")


class ImageFileDirectory_v2(MutableMapping):
    """This class represents a TIFF tag directory.  To speed things up, we
    don't decode tags unless they're asked for.

    Exposes a dictionary interface of the tags in the directory::

        ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2()
        ifd[key] = 'Some Data'
        ifd.tagtype[key] = TiffTags.ASCII
        print(ifd[key])
        'Some Data'

    Individual values are returned as the strings or numbers, sequences are
    returned as tuples of the values.

    The tiff metadata type of each item is stored in a dictionary of
    tag types in
    :attr:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2.tagtype`. The types
    are read from a tiff file, guessed from the type added, or added
    manually.

    Data Structures:

        * ``self.tagtype = {}``

          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number
          * Value: integer corresponding to the data type from
            :py:data:`.TiffTags.TYPES`

          .. versionadded:: 3.0.0

    'Internal' data structures:

        * ``self._tags_v2 = {}``

          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number
          * Value: decoded data, as tuple for multiple values

        * ``self._tagdata = {}``

          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number
          * Value: undecoded byte string from file

        * ``self._tags_v1 = {}``

          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number
          * Value: decoded data in the v1 format

    Tags will be found in the private attributes ``self._tagdata``, and in
    ``self._tags_v2`` once decoded.

    ``self.legacy_api`` is a value for internal use, and shouldn't be changed
    from outside code. In cooperation with
    :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`, if ``legacy_api``
    is true, then decoded tags will be populated into both ``_tags_v1`` and
    ``_tags_v2``. ``_tags_v2`` will be used if this IFD is used in the TIFF
    save routine. Tags should be read from ``_tags_v1`` if
    ``legacy_api == true``.

    """

    def __init__(self, ifh=b"II\052\0\0\0\0\0", prefix=None, group=None):
        """Initialize an ImageFileDirectory.

        To construct an ImageFileDirectory from a real file, pass the 8-byte
        magic header to the constructor.  To only set the endianness, pass it
        as the 'prefix' keyword argument.

        :param ifh: One of the accepted magic headers (cf. PREFIXES); also sets
              endianness.
        :param prefix: Override the endianness of the file.
        """
        if not _accept(ifh):
            msg = f"not a TIFF file (header {repr(ifh)} not valid)"
            raise SyntaxError(msg)
        self._prefix = prefix if prefix is not None else ifh[:2]
        if self._prefix == MM:
            self._endian = ">"
        elif self._prefix == II:
            self._endian = "<"
        else:
            msg = "not a TIFF IFD"
            raise SyntaxError(msg)
        self._bigtiff = ifh[2] == 43
        self.group = group
        self.tagtype = {}
        """ Dictionary of tag types """
        self.reset()
        (self.next,) = (
            self._unpack("Q", ifh[8:]) if self._bigtiff else self._unpack("L", ifh[4:])
        )
        self._legacy_api = False

    prefix = property(lambda self: self._prefix)
    offset = property(lambda self: self._offset)
    legacy_api = property(lambda self: self._legacy_api)

    @legacy_api.setter
    def legacy_api(self, value):
        msg = "Not allowing setting of legacy api"
        raise Exception(msg)

    def reset(self):
        self._tags_v1 = {}  # will remain empty if legacy_api is false
        self._tags_v2 = {}  # main tag storage
        self._tagdata = {}
        self.tagtype = {}  # added 2008-06-05 by Florian Hoech
        self._next = None
        self._offset = None

    def __str__(self):
        return str(dict(self))

    def named(self):
        """
        :returns: dict of name|key: value

        Returns the complete tag dictionary, with named tags where possible.
        """
        return {
            TiffTags.lookup(code, self.group).name: value
            for code, value in self.items()
        }

    def __len__(self):
        return len(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v2))

    def __getitem__(self, tag):
        if tag not in self._tags_v2:  # unpack on the fly
            data = self._tagdata[tag]
            typ = self.tagtype[tag]
            size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]
            self[tag] = handler(self, data, self.legacy_api)  # check type
        val = self._tags_v2[tag]
        if self.legacy_api and not isinstance(val, (tuple, bytes)):
            val = (val,)
        return val

    def __contains__(self, tag):
        return tag in self._tags_v2 or tag in self._tagdata

    def __setitem__(self, tag, value):
        self._setitem(tag, value, self.legacy_api)

    def _setitem(self, tag, value, legacy_api):
        basetypes = (Number, bytes, str)

        info = TiffTags.lookup(tag, self.group)
        values = [value] if isinstance(value, basetypes) else value

        if tag not in self.tagtype:
            if info.type:
                self.tagtype[tag] = info.type
            else:
                self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.UNDEFINED
                if all(isinstance(v, IFDRational) for v in values):
                    self.tagtype[tag] = (
                        TiffTags.RATIONAL
                        if all(v >= 0 for v in values)
                        else TiffTags.SIGNED_RATIONAL
                    )
                elif all(isinstance(v, int) for v in values):
                    if all(0 <= v < 2**16 for v in values):
                        self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.SHORT
                    elif all(-(2**15) < v < 2**15 for v in values):
                        self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.SIGNED_SHORT
                    else:
                        self.tagtype[tag] = (
                            TiffTags.LONG
                            if all(v >= 0 for v in values)
                            else TiffTags.SIGNED_LONG
                        )
                elif all(isinstance(v, float) for v in values):
                    self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.DOUBLE
                elif all(isinstance(v, str) for v in values):
                    self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.ASCII
                elif all(isinstance(v, bytes) for v in values):
                    self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.BYTE

        if self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.UNDEFINED:
            values = [
                v.encode("ascii", "replace") if isinstance(v, str) else v
                for v in values
            ]
        elif self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.RATIONAL:
            values = [float(v) if isinstance(v, int) else v for v in values]

        is_ifd = self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.LONG and isinstance(values, dict)
        if not is_ifd:
            values = tuple(info.cvt_enum(value) for value in values)

        dest = self._tags_v1 if legacy_api else self._tags_v2

        # Three branches:
        # Spec'd length == 1, Actual length 1, store as element
        # Spec'd length == 1, Actual > 1, Warn and truncate. Formerly barfed.
        # No Spec, Actual length 1, Formerly (<4.2) returned a 1 element tuple.
        # Don't mess with the legacy api, since it's frozen.
        if not is_ifd and (
            (info.length == 1)
            or self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.BYTE
            or (info.length is None and len(values) == 1 and not legacy_api)
        ):
            # Don't mess with the legacy api, since it's frozen.
            if legacy_api and self.tagtype[tag] in [
                TiffTags.RATIONAL,
                TiffTags.SIGNED_RATIONAL,
            ]:  # rationals
                values = (values,)
            try:
                (dest[tag],) = values
            except ValueError:
                # We've got a builtin tag with 1 expected entry
                warnings.warn(
                    f"Metadata Warning, tag {tag} had too many entries: "
                    f"{len(values)}, expected 1"
                )
                dest[tag] = values[0]

        else:
            # Spec'd length > 1 or undefined
            # Unspec'd, and length > 1
            dest[tag] = values

    def __delitem__(self, tag):
        self._tags_v2.pop(tag, None)
        self._tags_v1.pop(tag, None)
        self._tagdata.pop(tag, None)

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v2))

    def _unpack(self, fmt, data):
        return struct.unpack(self._endian + fmt, data)

    def _pack(self, fmt, *values):
        return struct.pack(self._endian + fmt, *values)

    def _register_loader(idx, size):
        def decorator(func):
            from .TiffTags import TYPES

            if func.__name__.startswith("load_"):
                TYPES[idx] = func.__name__[5:].replace("_", " ")
            _load_dispatch[idx] = size, func  # noqa: F821
            return func

        return decorator

    def _register_writer(idx):
        def decorator(func):
            _write_dispatch[idx] = func  # noqa: F821
            return func

        return decorator

    def _register_basic(idx_fmt_name):
        from .TiffTags import TYPES

        idx, fmt, name = idx_fmt_name
        TYPES[idx] = name
        size = struct.calcsize("=" + fmt)
        _load_dispatch[idx] = (  # noqa: F821
            size,
            lambda self, data, legacy_api=True: (
                self._unpack(f"{len(data) // size}{fmt}", data)
            ),
        )
        _write_dispatch[idx] = lambda self, *values: (  # noqa: F821
            b"".join(self._pack(fmt, value) for value in values)
        )

    list(
        map(
            _register_basic,
            [
                (TiffTags.SHORT, "H", "short"),
                (TiffTags.LONG, "L", "long"),
                (TiffTags.SIGNED_BYTE, "b", "signed byte"),
                (TiffTags.SIGNED_SHORT, "h", "signed short"),
                (TiffTags.SIGNED_LONG, "l", "signed long"),
                (TiffTags.FLOAT, "f", "float"),
                (TiffTags.DOUBLE, "d", "double"),
                (TiffTags.IFD, "L", "long"),
                (TiffTags.LONG8, "Q", "long8"),
            ],
        )
    )

    @_register_loader(1, 1)  # Basic type, except for the legacy API.
    def load_byte(self, data, legacy_api=True):
        return data

    @_register_writer(1)  # Basic type, except for the legacy API.
    def write_byte(self, data):
        if isinstance(data, IFDRational):
            data = int(data)
        if isinstance(data, int):
            data = bytes((data,))
        return data

    @_register_loader(2, 1)
    def load_string(self, data, legacy_api=True):
        if data.endswith(b"\0"):
            data = data[:-1]
        return data.decode("latin-1", "replace")

    @_register_writer(2)
    def write_string(self, value):
        # remerge of https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pull/1416
        if isinstance(value, int):
            value = str(value)
        if not isinstance(value, bytes):
            value = value.encode("ascii", "replace")
        return value + b"\0"

    @_register_loader(5, 8)
    def load_rational(self, data, legacy_api=True):
        vals = self._unpack(f"{len(data) // 4}L", data)

        def combine(a, b):
            return (a, b) if legacy_api else IFDRational(a, b)

        return tuple(combine(num, denom) for num, denom in zip(vals[::2], vals[1::2]))

    @_register_writer(5)
    def write_rational(self, *values):
        return b"".join(
            self._pack("2L", *_limit_rational(frac, 2**32 - 1)) for frac in values
        )

    @_register_loader(7, 1)
    def load_undefined(self, data, legacy_api=True):
        return data

    @_register_writer(7)
    def write_undefined(self, value):
        if isinstance(value, int):
            value = str(value).encode("ascii", "replace")
        return value

    @_register_loader(10, 8)
    def load_signed_rational(self, data, legacy_api=True):
        vals = self._unpack(f"{len(data) // 4}l", data)

        def combine(a, b):
            return (a, b) if legacy_api else IFDRational(a, b)

        return tuple(combine(num, denom) for num, denom in zip(vals[::2], vals[1::2]))

    @_register_writer(10)
    def write_signed_rational(self, *values):
        return b"".join(
            self._pack("2l", *_limit_signed_rational(frac, 2**31 - 1, -(2**31)))
            for frac in values
        )

    def _ensure_read(self, fp, size):
        ret = fp.read(size)
        if len(ret) != size:
            msg = (
                "Corrupt EXIF data.  "
                f"Expecting to read {size} bytes but only got {len(ret)}. "
            )
            raise OSError(msg)
        return ret

    def load(self, fp):
        self.reset()
        self._offset = fp.tell()

        try:
            tag_count = (
                self._unpack("Q", self._ensure_read(fp, 8))
                if self._bigtiff
                else self._unpack("H", self._ensure_read(fp, 2))
            )[0]
            for i in range(tag_count):
                tag, typ, count, data = (
                    self._unpack("HHQ8s", self._ensure_read(fp, 20))
                    if self._bigtiff
                    else self._unpack("HHL4s", self._ensure_read(fp, 12))
                )

                tagname = TiffTags.lookup(tag, self.group).name
                typname = TYPES.get(typ, "unknown")
                msg = f"tag: {tagname} ({tag}) - type: {typname} ({typ})"

                try:
                    unit_size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]
                except KeyError:
                    logger.debug("%s - unsupported type %s", msg, typ)
                    continue  # ignore unsupported type
                size = count * unit_size
                if size > (8 if self._bigtiff else 4):
                    here = fp.tell()
                    (offset,) = self._unpack("Q" if self._bigtiff else "L", data)
                    msg += f" Tag Location: {here} - Data Location: {offset}"
                    fp.seek(offset)
                    data = ImageFile._safe_read(fp, size)
                    fp.seek(here)
                else:
                    data = data[:size]

                if len(data) != size:
                    warnings.warn(
                        "Possibly corrupt EXIF data.  "
                        f"Expecting to read {size} bytes but only got {len(data)}."
                        f" Skipping tag {tag}"
                    )
                    logger.debug(msg)
                    continue

                if not data:
                    logger.debug(msg)
                    continue

                self._tagdata[tag] = data
                self.tagtype[tag] = typ

                msg += " - value: " + (
                    "<table: %d bytes>" % size if size > 32 else repr(data)
                )
                logger.debug(msg)

            (self.next,) = (
                self._unpack("Q", self._ensure_read(fp, 8))
                if self._bigtiff
                else self._unpack("L", self._ensure_read(fp, 4))
            )
        except OSError as msg:
            warnings.warn(str(msg))
            return

    def tobytes(self, offset=0):
        # FIXME What about tagdata?
        result = self._pack("H", len(self._tags_v2))

        entries = []
        offset = offset + len(result) + len(self._tags_v2) * 12 + 4
        stripoffsets = None

        # pass 1: convert tags to binary format
        # always write tags in ascending order
        for tag, value in sorted(self._tags_v2.items()):
            if tag == STRIPOFFSETS:
                stripoffsets = len(entries)
            typ = self.tagtype.get(tag)
            logger.debug("Tag %s, Type: %s, Value: %s", tag, typ, repr(value))
            is_ifd = typ == TiffTags.LONG and isinstance(value, dict)
            if is_ifd:
                if self._endian == "<":
                    ifh = b"II\x2A\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00"
                else:
                    ifh = b"MM\x00\x2A\x00\x00\x00\x08"
                ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(ifh, group=tag)
                values = self._tags_v2[tag]
                for ifd_tag, ifd_value in values.items():
                    ifd[ifd_tag] = ifd_value
                data = ifd.tobytes(offset)
            else:
                values = value if isinstance(value, tuple) else (value,)
                data = self._write_dispatch[typ](self, *values)

            tagname = TiffTags.lookup(tag, self.group).name
            typname = "ifd" if is_ifd else TYPES.get(typ, "unknown")
            msg = f"save: {tagname} ({tag}) - type: {typname} ({typ})"
            msg += " - value: " + (
                "<table: %d bytes>" % len(data) if len(data) >= 16 else str(values)
            )
            logger.debug(msg)

            # count is sum of lengths for string and arbitrary data
            if is_ifd:
                count = 1
            elif typ in [TiffTags.BYTE, TiffTags.ASCII, TiffTags.UNDEFINED]:
                count = len(data)
            else:
                count = len(values)
            # figure out if data fits into the entry
            if len(data) <= 4:
                entries.append((tag, typ, count, data.ljust(4, b"\0"), b""))
            else:
                entries.append((tag, typ, count, self._pack("L", offset), data))
                offset += (len(data) + 1) // 2 * 2  # pad to word

        # update strip offset data to point beyond auxiliary data
        if stripoffsets is not None:
            tag, typ, count, value, data = entries[stripoffsets]
            if data:
                msg = "multistrip support not yet implemented"
                raise NotImplementedError(msg)
            value = self._pack("L", self._unpack("L", value)[0] + offset)
            entries[stripoffsets] = tag, typ, count, value, data

        # pass 2: write entries to file
        for tag, typ, count, value, data in entries:
            logger.debug("%s %s %s %s %s", tag, typ, count, repr(value), repr(data))
            result += self._pack("HHL4s", tag, typ, count, value)

        # -- overwrite here for multi-page --
        result += b"\0\0\0\0"  # end of entries

        # pass 3: write auxiliary data to file
        for tag, typ, count, value, data in entries:
            result += data
            if len(data) & 1:
                result += b"\0"

        return result

    def save(self, fp):
        if fp.tell() == 0:  # skip TIFF header on subsequent pages
            # tiff header -- PIL always starts the first IFD at offset 8
            fp.write(self._prefix + self._pack("HL", 42, 8))

        offset = fp.tell()
        result = self.tobytes(offset)
        fp.write(result)
        return offset + len(result)


ImageFileDirectory_v2._load_dispatch = _load_dispatch
ImageFileDirectory_v2._write_dispatch = _write_dispatch
for idx, name in TYPES.items():
    name = name.replace(" ", "_")
    setattr(ImageFileDirectory_v2, "load_" + name, _load_dispatch[idx][1])
    setattr(ImageFileDirectory_v2, "write_" + name, _write_dispatch[idx])
del _load_dispatch, _write_dispatch, idx, name


# Legacy ImageFileDirectory support.
class ImageFileDirectory_v1(ImageFileDirectory_v2):
    """This class represents the **legacy** interface to a TIFF tag directory.

    Exposes a dictionary interface of the tags in the directory::

        ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v1()
        ifd[key] = 'Some Data'
        ifd.tagtype[key] = TiffTags.ASCII
        print(ifd[key])
        ('Some Data',)

    Also contains a dictionary of tag types as read from the tiff image file,
    :attr:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1.tagtype`.

    Values are returned as a tuple.

    ..  deprecated:: 3.0.0
    """

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self._legacy_api = True

    tags = property(lambda self: self._tags_v1)
    tagdata = property(lambda self: self._tagdata)

    # defined in ImageFileDirectory_v2
    tagtype: dict
    """Dictionary of tag types"""

    @classmethod
    def from_v2(cls, original):
        """Returns an
        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`
        instance with the same data as is contained in the original
        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2`
        instance.

        :returns: :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`

        """

        ifd = cls(prefix=original.prefix)
        ifd._tagdata = original._tagdata
        ifd.tagtype = original.tagtype
        ifd.next = original.next  # an indicator for multipage tiffs
        return ifd

    def to_v2(self):
        """Returns an
        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2`
        instance with the same data as is contained in the original
        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`
        instance.

        :returns: :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2`

        """

        ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(prefix=self.prefix)
        ifd._tagdata = dict(self._tagdata)
        ifd.tagtype = dict(self.tagtype)
        ifd._tags_v2 = dict(self._tags_v2)
        return ifd

    def __contains__(self, tag):
        return tag in self._tags_v1 or tag in self._tagdata

    def __len__(self):
        return len(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v1))

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v1))

    def __setitem__(self, tag, value):
        for legacy_api in (False, True):
            self._setitem(tag, value, legacy_api)

    def __getitem__(self, tag):
        if tag not in self._tags_v1:  # unpack on the fly
            data = self._tagdata[tag]
            typ = self.tagtype[tag]
            size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]
            for legacy in (False, True):
                self._setitem(tag, handler(self, data, legacy), legacy)
        val = self._tags_v1[tag]
        if not isinstance(val, (tuple, bytes)):
            val = (val,)
        return val


# undone -- switch this pointer when IFD_LEGACY_API == False
ImageFileDirectory = ImageFileDirectory_v1


##
# Image plugin for TIFF files.


class TiffImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
    format = "TIFF"
    format_description = "Adobe TIFF"
    _close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = False

    def __init__(self, fp=None, filename=None):
        self.tag_v2 = None
        """ Image file directory (tag dictionary) """

        self.tag = None
        """ Legacy tag entries """

        super().__init__(fp, filename)

    def _open(self):
        """Open the first image in a TIFF file"""

        # Header
        ifh = self.fp.read(8)
        if ifh[2] == 43:
            ifh += self.fp.read(8)

        self.tag_v2 = ImageFileDirectory_v2(ifh)

        # legacy IFD entries will be filled in later
        self.ifd = None

        # setup frame pointers
        self.__first = self.__next = self.tag_v2.next
        self.__frame = -1
        self._fp = self.fp
        self._frame_pos = []
        self._n_frames = None

        logger.debug("*** TiffImageFile._open ***")
        logger.debug("- __first: %s", self.__first)
        logger.debug("- ifh: %s", repr(ifh))  # Use repr to avoid str(bytes)

        # and load the first frame
        self._seek(0)

    @property
    def n_frames(self):
        if self._n_frames is None:
            current = self.tell()
            self._seek(len(self._frame_pos))
            while self._n_frames is None:
                self._seek(self.tell() + 1)
            self.seek(current)
        return self._n_frames

    def seek(self, frame):
        """Select a given frame as current image"""
        if not self._seek_check(frame):
            return
        self._seek(frame)
        # Create a new core image object on second and
        # subsequent frames in the image. Image may be
        # different size/mode.
        Image._decompression_bomb_check(self.size)
        self.im = Image.core.new(self.mode, self.size)

    def _seek(self, frame):
        self.fp = self._fp

        # reset buffered io handle in case fp
        # was passed to libtiff, invalidating the buffer
        self.fp.tell()

        while len(self._frame_pos) <= frame:
            if not self.__next:
                msg = "no more images in TIFF file"
                raise EOFError(msg)
            logger.debug(
                "Seeking to frame %s, on frame %s, __next %s, location: %s",
                frame,
                self.__frame,
                self.__next,
                self.fp.tell(),
            )
            self.fp.seek(self.__next)
            self._frame_pos.append(self.__next)
            logger.debug("Loading tags, location: %s", self.fp.tell())
            self.tag_v2.load(self.fp)
            if self.tag_v2.next in self._frame_pos:
                # This IFD has already been processed
                # Declare this to be the end of the image
                self.__next = 0
            else:
                self.__next = self.tag_v2.next
            if self.__next == 0:
                self._n_frames = frame + 1
            if len(self._frame_pos) == 1:
                self.is_animated = self.__next != 0
            self.__frame += 1
        self.fp.seek(self._frame_pos[frame])
        self.tag_v2.load(self.fp)
        self._reload_exif()
        # fill the legacy tag/ifd entries
        self.tag = self.ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v1.from_v2(self.tag_v2)
        self.__frame = frame
        self._setup()

    def tell(self):
        """Return the current frame number"""
        return self.__frame

    def getxmp(self):
        """
        Returns a dictionary containing the XMP tags.
        Requires defusedxml to be installed.

        :returns: XMP tags in a dictionary.
        """
        return self._getxmp(self.tag_v2[XMP]) if XMP in self.tag_v2 else {}

    def get_photoshop_blocks(self):
        """
        Returns a dictionary of Photoshop "Image Resource Blocks".
        The keys are the image resource ID. For more information, see
        https://www.adobe.com/devnet-apps/photoshop/fileformatashtml/#50577409_pgfId-1037727

        :returns: Photoshop "Image Resource Blocks" in a dictionary.
        """
        blocks = {}
        val = self.tag_v2.get(ExifTags.Base.ImageResources)
        if val:
            while val[:4] == b"8BIM":
                id = i16(val[4:6])
                n = math.ceil((val[6] + 1) / 2) * 2
                size = i32(val[6 + n : 10 + n])
                data = val[10 + n : 10 + n + size]
                blocks[id] = {"data": data}

                val = val[math.ceil((10 + n + size) / 2) * 2 :]
        return blocks

    def load(self):
        if self.tile and self.use_load_libtiff:
            return self._load_libtiff()
        return super().load()

    def load_end(self):
        # allow closing if we're on the first frame, there's no next
        # This is the ImageFile.load path only, libtiff specific below.
        if not self.is_animated:
            self._close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = True

            # reset buffered io handle in case fp
            # was passed to libtiff, invalidating the buffer
            self.fp.tell()

            # load IFD data from fp before it is closed
            exif = self.getexif()
            for key in TiffTags.TAGS_V2_GROUPS:
                if key not in exif:
                    continue
                exif.get_ifd(key)

        ImageOps.exif_transpose(self, in_place=True)
        if ExifTags.Base.Orientation in self.tag_v2:
            del self.tag_v2[ExifTags.Base.Orientation]

    def _load_libtiff(self):
        """Overload method triggered when we detect a compressed tiff
        Calls out to libtiff"""

        Image.Image.load(self)

        self.load_prepare()

        if not len(self.tile) == 1:
            msg = "Not exactly one tile"
            raise OSError(msg)

        # (self._compression, (extents tuple),
        #   0, (rawmode, self._compression, fp))
        extents = self.tile[0][1]
        args = list(self.tile[0][3])

        # To be nice on memory footprint, if there's a
        # file descriptor, use that instead of reading
        # into a string in python.
        try:
            fp = hasattr(self.fp, "fileno") and self.fp.fileno()
            # flush the file descriptor, prevents error on pypy 2.4+
            # should also eliminate the need for fp.tell
            # in _seek
            if hasattr(self.fp, "flush"):
                self.fp.flush()
        except OSError:
            # io.BytesIO have a fileno, but returns an OSError if
            # it doesn't use a file descriptor.
            fp = False

        if fp:
            args[2] = fp

        decoder = Image._getdecoder(
            self.mode, "libtiff", tuple(args), self.decoderconfig
        )
        try:
            decoder.setimage(self.im, extents)
        except ValueError as e:
            msg = "Couldn't set the image"
            raise OSError(msg) from e

        close_self_fp = self._exclusive_fp and not self.is_animated
        if hasattr(self.fp, "getvalue"):
            # We've got a stringio like thing passed in. Yay for all in memory.
            # The decoder needs the entire file in one shot, so there's not
            # a lot we can do here other than give it the entire file.
            # unless we could do something like get the address of the
            # underlying string for stringio.
            #
            # Rearranging for supporting byteio items, since they have a fileno
            # that returns an OSError if there's no underlying fp. Easier to
            # deal with here by reordering.
            logger.debug("have getvalue. just sending in a string from getvalue")
            n, err = decoder.decode(self.fp.getvalue())
        elif fp:
            # we've got a actual file on disk, pass in the fp.
            logger.debug("have fileno, calling fileno version of the decoder.")
            if not close_self_fp:
                self.fp.seek(0)
            # 4 bytes, otherwise the trace might error out
            n, err = decoder.decode(b"fpfp")
        else:
            # we have something else.
            logger.debug("don't have fileno or getvalue. just reading")
            self.fp.seek(0)
            # UNDONE -- so much for that buffer size thing.
            n, err = decoder.decode(self.fp.read())

        self.tile = []
        self.readonly = 0

        self.load_end()

        if close_self_fp:
            self.fp.close()
            self.fp = None  # might be shared

        if err < 0:
            raise OSError(err)

        return Image.Image.load(self)

    def _setup(self):
        """Setup this image object based on current tags"""

        if 0xBC01 in self.tag_v2:
            msg = "Windows Media Photo files not yet supported"
            raise OSError(msg)

        # extract relevant tags
        self._compression = COMPRESSION_INFO[self.tag_v2.get(COMPRESSION, 1)]
        self._planar_configuration = self.tag_v2.get(PLANAR_CONFIGURATION, 1)

        # photometric is a required tag, but not everyone is reading
        # the specification
        photo = self.tag_v2.get(PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION, 0)

        # old style jpeg compression images most certainly are YCbCr
        if self._compression == "tiff_jpeg":
            photo = 6

        fillorder = self.tag_v2.get(FILLORDER, 1)

        logger.debug("*** Summary ***")
        logger.debug("- compression: %s", self._compression)
        logger.debug("- photometric_interpretation: %s", photo)
        logger.debug("- planar_configuration: %s", self._planar_configuration)
        logger.debug("- fill_order: %s", fillorder)
        logger.debug("- YCbCr subsampling: %s", self.tag.get(YCBCRSUBSAMPLING))

        # size
        xsize = int(self.tag_v2.get(IMAGEWIDTH))
        ysize = int(self.tag_v2.get(IMAGELENGTH))
        self._size = xsize, ysize

        logger.debug("- size: %s", self.size)

        sample_format = self.tag_v2.get(SAMPLEFORMAT, (1,))
        if len(sample_format) > 1 and max(sample_format) == min(sample_format) == 1:
            # SAMPLEFORMAT is properly per band, so an RGB image will
            # be (1,1,1).  But, we don't support per band pixel types,
            # and anything more than one band is a uint8. So, just
            # take the first element. Revisit this if adding support
            # for more exotic images.
            sample_format = (1,)

        bps_tuple = self.tag_v2.get(BITSPERSAMPLE, (1,))
        extra_tuple = self.tag_v2.get(EXTRASAMPLES, ())
        if photo in (2, 6, 8):  # RGB, YCbCr, LAB
            bps_count = 3
        elif photo == 5:  # CMYK
            bps_count = 4
        else:
            bps_count = 1
        bps_count += len(extra_tuple)
        bps_actual_count = len(bps_tuple)
        samples_per_pixel = self.tag_v2.get(
            SAMPLESPERPIXEL,
            3 if self._compression == "tiff_jpeg" and photo in (2, 6) else 1,
        )

        if samples_per_pixel > MAX_SAMPLESPERPIXEL:
            # DOS check, samples_per_pixel can be a Long, and we extend the tuple below
            logger.error(
                "More samples per pixel than can be decoded: %s", samples_per_pixel
            )
            msg = "Invalid value for samples per pixel"
            raise SyntaxError(msg)

        if samples_per_pixel < bps_actual_count:
            # If a file has more values in bps_tuple than expected,
            # remove the excess.
            bps_tuple = bps_tuple[:samples_per_pixel]
        elif samples_per_pixel > bps_actual_count and bps_actual_count == 1:
            # If a file has only one value in bps_tuple, when it should have more,
            # presume it is the same number of bits for all of the samples.
            bps_tuple = bps_tuple * samples_per_pixel

        if len(bps_tuple) != samples_per_pixel:
            msg = "unknown data organization"
            raise SyntaxError(msg)

        # mode: check photometric interpretation and bits per pixel
        key = (
            self.tag_v2.prefix,
            photo,
            sample_format,
            fillorder,
            bps_tuple,
            extra_tuple,
        )
        logger.debug("format key: %s", key)
        try:
            self._mode, rawmode = OPEN_INFO[key]
        except KeyError as e:
            logger.debug("- unsupported format")
            msg = "unknown pixel mode"
            raise SyntaxError(msg) from e

        logger.debug("- raw mode: %s", rawmode)
        logger.debug("- pil mode: %s", self.mode)

        self.info["compression"] = self._compression

        xres = self.tag_v2.get(X_RESOLUTION, 1)
        yres = self.tag_v2.get(Y_RESOLUTION, 1)

        if xres and yres:
            resunit = self.tag_v2.get(RESOLUTION_UNIT)
            if resunit == 2:  # dots per inch
                self.info["dpi"] = (xres, yres)
            elif resunit == 3:  # dots per centimeter. convert to dpi
                self.info["dpi"] = (xres * 2.54, yres * 2.54)
            elif resunit is None:  # used to default to 1, but now 2)
                self.info["dpi"] = (xres, yres)
                # For backward compatibility,
                # we also preserve the old behavior
                self.info["resolution"] = xres, yres
            else:  # No absolute unit of measurement
                self.info["resolution"] = xres, yres

        # build tile descriptors
        x = y = layer = 0
        self.tile = []
        self.use_load_libtiff = READ_LIBTIFF or self._compression != "raw"
        if self.use_load_libtiff:
            # Decoder expects entire file as one tile.
            # There's a buffer size limit in load (64k)
            # so large g4 images will fail if we use that
            # function.
            #
            # Setup the one tile for the whole image, then
            # use the _load_libtiff function.

            # libtiff handles the fillmode for us, so 1;IR should
            # actually be 1;I. Including the R double reverses the
            # bits, so stripes of the image are reversed.  See
            # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/279
            if fillorder == 2:
                # Replace fillorder with fillorder=1
                key = key[:3] + (1,) + key[4:]
                logger.debug("format key: %s", key)
                # this should always work, since all the
                # fillorder==2 modes have a corresponding
                # fillorder=1 mode
                self._mode, rawmode = OPEN_INFO[key]
            # libtiff always returns the bytes in native order.
            # we're expecting image byte order. So, if the rawmode
            # contains I;16, we need to convert from native to image
            # byte order.
            if rawmode == "I;16":
                rawmode = "I;16N"
            if ";16B" in rawmode:
                rawmode = rawmode.replace(";16B", ";16N")
            if ";16L" in rawmode:
                rawmode = rawmode.replace(";16L", ";16N")

            # YCbCr images with new jpeg compression with pixels in one plane
            # unpacked straight into RGB values
            if (
                photo == 6
                and self._compression == "jpeg"
                and self._planar_configuration == 1
            ):
                rawmode = "RGB"

            # Offset in the tile tuple is 0, we go from 0,0 to
            # w,h, and we only do this once -- eds
            a = (rawmode, self._compression, False, self.tag_v2.offset)
            self.tile.append(("libtiff", (0, 0, xsize, ysize), 0, a))

        elif STRIPOFFSETS in self.tag_v2 or TILEOFFSETS in self.tag_v2:
            # striped image
            if STRIPOFFSETS in self.tag_v2:
                offsets = self.tag_v2[STRIPOFFSETS]
                h = self.tag_v2.get(ROWSPERSTRIP, ysize)
                w = self.size[0]
            else:
                # tiled image
                offsets = self.tag_v2[TILEOFFSETS]
                w = self.tag_v2.get(TILEWIDTH)
                h = self.tag_v2.get(TILELENGTH)

            for offset in offsets:
                if x + w > xsize:
                    stride = w * sum(bps_tuple) / 8  # bytes per line
                else:
                    stride = 0

                tile_rawmode = rawmode
                if self._planar_configuration == 2:
                    # each band on it's own layer
                    tile_rawmode = rawmode[layer]
                    # adjust stride width accordingly
                    stride /= bps_count

                a = (tile_rawmode, int(stride), 1)
                self.tile.append(
                    (
                        self._compression,
                        (x, y, min(x + w, xsize), min(y + h, ysize)),
                        offset,
                        a,
                    )
                )
                x = x + w
                if x >= self.size[0]:
                    x, y = 0, y + h
                    if y >= self.size[1]:
                        x = y = 0
                        layer += 1
        else:
            logger.debug("- unsupported data organization")
            msg = "unknown data organization"
            raise SyntaxError(msg)

        # Fix up info.
        if ICCPROFILE in self.tag_v2:
            self.info["icc_profile"] = self.tag_v2[ICCPROFILE]

        # fixup palette descriptor

        if self.mode in ["P", "PA"]:
            palette = [o8(b // 256) for b in self.tag_v2[COLORMAP]]
            self.palette = ImagePalette.raw("RGB;L", b"".join(palette))


#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Write TIFF files

# little endian is default except for image modes with
# explicit big endian byte-order

SAVE_INFO = {
    # mode => rawmode, byteorder, photometrics,
    #           sampleformat, bitspersample, extra
    "1": ("1", II, 1, 1, (1,), None),
    "L": ("L", II, 1, 1, (8,), None),
    "LA": ("LA", II, 1, 1, (8, 8), 2),
    "P": ("P", II, 3, 1, (8,), None),
    "PA": ("PA", II, 3, 1, (8, 8), 2),
    "I": ("I;32S", II, 1, 2, (32,), None),
    "I;16": ("I;16", II, 1, 1, (16,), None),
    "I;16S": ("I;16S", II, 1, 2, (16,), None),
    "F": ("F;32F", II, 1, 3, (32,), None),
    "RGB": ("RGB", II, 2, 1, (8, 8, 8), None),
    "RGBX": ("RGBX", II, 2, 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), 0),
    "RGBA": ("RGBA", II, 2, 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), 2),
    "CMYK": ("CMYK", II, 5, 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), None),
    "YCbCr": ("YCbCr", II, 6, 1, (8, 8, 8), None),
    "LAB": ("LAB", II, 8, 1, (8, 8, 8), None),
    "I;32BS": ("I;32BS", MM, 1, 2, (32,), None),
    "I;16B": ("I;16B", MM, 1, 1, (16,), None),
    "I;16BS": ("I;16BS", MM, 1, 2, (16,), None),
    "F;32BF": ("F;32BF", MM, 1, 3, (32,), None),
}


def _save(im, fp, filename):
    try:
        rawmode, prefix, photo, format, bits, extra = SAVE_INFO[im.mode]
    except KeyError as e:
        msg = f"cannot write mode {im.mode} as TIFF"
        raise OSError(msg) from e

    ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(prefix=prefix)

    encoderinfo = im.encoderinfo
    encoderconfig = im.encoderconfig
    try:
        compression = encoderinfo["compression"]
    except KeyError:
        compression = im.info.get("compression")
        if isinstance(compression, int):
            # compression value may be from BMP. Ignore it
            compression = None
    if compression is None:
        compression = "raw"
    elif compression == "tiff_jpeg":
        # OJPEG is obsolete, so use new-style JPEG compression instead
        compression = "jpeg"
    elif compression == "tiff_deflate":
        compression = "tiff_adobe_deflate"

    libtiff = WRITE_LIBTIFF or compression != "raw"

    # required for color libtiff images
    ifd[PLANAR_CONFIGURATION] = 1

    ifd[IMAGEWIDTH] = im.size[0]
    ifd[IMAGELENGTH] = im.size[1]

    # write any arbitrary tags passed in as an ImageFileDirectory
    if "tiffinfo" in encoderinfo:
        info = encoderinfo["tiffinfo"]
    elif "exif" in encoderinfo:
        info = encoderinfo["exif"]
        if isinstance(info, bytes):
            exif = Image.Exif()
            exif.load(info)
            info = exif
    else:
        info = {}
    logger.debug("Tiffinfo Keys: %s", list(info))
    if isinstance(info, ImageFileDirectory_v1):
        info = info.to_v2()
    for key in info:
        if isinstance(info, Image.Exif) and key in TiffTags.TAGS_V2_GROUPS:
            ifd[key] = info.get_ifd(key)
        else:
            ifd[key] = info.get(key)
        try:
            ifd.tagtype[key] = info.tagtype[key]
        except Exception:
            pass  # might not be an IFD. Might not have populated type

    # additions written by Greg Couch, gregc@cgl.ucsf.edu
    # inspired by image-sig posting from Kevin Cazabon, kcazabon@home.com
    if hasattr(im, "tag_v2"):
        # preserve tags from original TIFF image file
        for key in (
            RESOLUTION_UNIT,
            X_RESOLUTION,
            Y_RESOLUTION,
            IPTC_NAA_CHUNK,
            PHOTOSHOP_CHUNK,
            XMP,
        ):
            if key in im.tag_v2:
                ifd[key] = im.tag_v2[key]
                ifd.tagtype[key] = im.tag_v2.tagtype[key]

    # preserve ICC profile (should also work when saving other formats
    # which support profiles as TIFF) -- 2008-06-06 Florian Hoech
    icc = encoderinfo.get("icc_profile", im.info.get("icc_profile"))
    if icc:
        ifd[ICCPROFILE] = icc

    for key, name in [
        (IMAGEDESCRIPTION, "description"),
        (X_RESOLUTION, "resolution"),
        (Y_RESOLUTION, "resolution"),
        (X_RESOLUTION, "x_resolution"),
        (Y_RESOLUTION, "y_resolution"),
        (RESOLUTION_UNIT, "resolution_unit"),
        (SOFTWARE, "software"),
        (DATE_TIME, "date_time"),
        (ARTIST, "artist"),
        (COPYRIGHT, "copyright"),
    ]:
        if name in encoderinfo:
            ifd[key] = encoderinfo[name]

    dpi = encoderinfo.get("dpi")
    if dpi:
        ifd[RESOLUTION_UNIT] = 2
        ifd[X_RESOLUTION] = dpi[0]
        ifd[Y_RESOLUTION] = dpi[1]

    if bits != (1,):
        ifd[BITSPERSAMPLE] = bits
        if len(bits) != 1:
            ifd[SAMPLESPERPIXEL] = len(bits)
    if extra is not None:
        ifd[EXTRASAMPLES] = extra
    if format != 1:
        ifd[SAMPLEFORMAT] = format

    if PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION not in ifd:
        ifd[PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION] = photo
    elif im.mode in ("1", "L") and ifd[PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION] == 0:
        if im.mode == "1":
            inverted_im = im.copy()
            px = inverted_im.load()
            for y in range(inverted_im.height):
                for x in range(inverted_im.width):
                    px[x, y] = 0 if px[x, y] == 255 else 255
            im = inverted_im
        else:
            im = ImageOps.invert(im)

    if im.mode in ["P", "PA"]:
        lut = im.im.getpalette("RGB", "RGB;L")
        colormap = []
        colors = len(lut) // 3
        for i in range(3):
            colormap += [v * 256 for v in lut[colors * i : colors * (i + 1)]]
            colormap += [0] * (256 - colors)
        ifd[COLORMAP] = colormap
    # data orientation
    stride = len(bits) * ((im.size[0] * bits[0] + 7) // 8)
    # aim for given strip size (64 KB by default) when using libtiff writer
    if libtiff:
        im_strip_size = encoderinfo.get("strip_size", STRIP_SIZE)
        rows_per_strip = 1 if stride == 0 else min(im_strip_size // stride, im.size[1])
        # JPEG encoder expects multiple of 8 rows
        if compression == "jpeg":
            rows_per_strip = min(((rows_per_strip + 7) // 8) * 8, im.size[1])
    else:
        rows_per_strip = im.size[1]
    if rows_per_strip == 0:
        rows_per_strip = 1
    strip_byte_counts = 1 if stride == 0 else stride * rows_per_strip
    strips_per_image = (im.size[1] + rows_per_strip - 1) // rows_per_strip
    ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP] = rows_per_strip
    if strip_byte_counts >= 2**16:
        ifd.tagtype[STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = TiffTags.LONG
    ifd[STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = (strip_byte_counts,) * (strips_per_image - 1) + (
        stride * im.size[1] - strip_byte_counts * (strips_per_image - 1),
    )
    ifd[STRIPOFFSETS] = tuple(
        range(0, strip_byte_counts * strips_per_image, strip_byte_counts)
    )  # this is adjusted by IFD writer
    # no compression by default:
    ifd[COMPRESSION] = COMPRESSION_INFO_REV.get(compression, 1)

    if im.mode == "YCbCr":
        for tag, value in {
            YCBCRSUBSAMPLING: (1, 1),
            REFERENCEBLACKWHITE: (0, 255, 128, 255, 128, 255),
        }.items():
            ifd.setdefault(tag, value)

    blocklist = [TILEWIDTH, TILELENGTH, TILEOFFSETS, TILEBYTECOUNTS]
    if libtiff:
        if "quality" in encoderinfo:
            quality = encoderinfo["quality"]
            if not isinstance(quality, int) or quality < 0 or quality > 100:
                msg = "Invalid quality setting"
                raise ValueError(msg)
            if compression != "jpeg":
                msg = "quality setting only supported for 'jpeg' compression"
                raise ValueError(msg)
            ifd[JPEGQUALITY] = quality

        logger.debug("Saving using libtiff encoder")
        logger.debug("Items: %s", sorted(ifd.items()))
        _fp = 0
        if hasattr(fp, "fileno"):
            try:
                fp.seek(0)
                _fp = os.dup(fp.fileno())
            except io.UnsupportedOperation:
                pass

        # optional types for non core tags
        types = {}
        # STRIPOFFSETS and STRIPBYTECOUNTS are added by the library
        # based on the data in the strip.
        # The other tags expect arrays with a certain length (fixed or depending on
        # BITSPERSAMPLE, etc), passing arrays with a different length will result in
        # segfaults. Block these tags until we add extra validation.
        # SUBIFD may also cause a segfault.
        blocklist += [
            REFERENCEBLACKWHITE,
            STRIPBYTECOUNTS,
            STRIPOFFSETS,
            TRANSFERFUNCTION,
            SUBIFD,
        ]

        # bits per sample is a single short in the tiff directory, not a list.
        atts = {BITSPERSAMPLE: bits[0]}
        # Merge the ones that we have with (optional) more bits from
        # the original file, e.g x,y resolution so that we can
        # save(load('')) == original file.
        legacy_ifd = {}
        if hasattr(im, "tag"):
            legacy_ifd = im.tag.to_v2()

        # SAMPLEFORMAT is determined by the image format and should not be copied
        # from legacy_ifd.
        supplied_tags = {**getattr(im, "tag_v2", {}), **legacy_ifd}
        if SAMPLEFORMAT in supplied_tags:
            del supplied_tags[SAMPLEFORMAT]

        for tag, value in itertools.chain(ifd.items(), supplied_tags.items()):
            # Libtiff can only process certain core items without adding
            # them to the custom dictionary.
            # Custom items are supported for int, float, unicode, string and byte
            # values. Other types and tuples require a tagtype.
            if tag not in TiffTags.LIBTIFF_CORE:
                if not getattr(Image.core, "libtiff_support_custom_tags", False):
                    continue

                if tag in ifd.tagtype:
                    types[tag] = ifd.tagtype[tag]
                elif not (isinstance(value, (int, float, str, bytes))):
                    continue
                else:
                    type = TiffTags.lookup(tag).type
                    if type:
                        types[tag] = type
            if tag not in atts and tag not in blocklist:
                if isinstance(value, str):
                    atts[tag] = value.encode("ascii", "replace") + b"\0"
                elif isinstance(value, IFDRational):
                    atts[tag] = float(value)
                else:
                    atts[tag] = value

        if SAMPLEFORMAT in atts and len(atts[SAMPLEFORMAT]) == 1:
            atts[SAMPLEFORMAT] = atts[SAMPLEFORMAT][0]

        logger.debug("Converted items: %s", sorted(atts.items()))

        # libtiff always expects the bytes in native order.
        # we're storing image byte order. So, if the rawmode
        # contains I;16, we need to convert from native to image
        # byte order.
        if im.mode in ("I;16B", "I;16"):
            rawmode = "I;16N"

        # Pass tags as sorted list so that the tags are set in a fixed order.
        # This is required by libtiff for some tags. For example, the JPEGQUALITY
        # pseudo tag requires that the COMPRESS tag was already set.
        tags = list(atts.items())
        tags.sort()
        a = (rawmode, compression, _fp, filename, tags, types)
        e = Image._getencoder(im.mode, "libtiff", a, encoderconfig)
        e.setimage(im.im, (0, 0) + im.size)
        while True:
            # undone, change to self.decodermaxblock:
            errcode, data = e.encode(16 * 1024)[1:]
            if not _fp:
                fp.write(data)
            if errcode:
                break
        if _fp:
            try:
                os.close(_fp)
            except OSError:
                pass
        if errcode < 0:
            msg = f"encoder error {errcode} when writing image file"
            raise OSError(msg)

    else:
        for tag in blocklist:
            del ifd[tag]
        offset = ifd.save(fp)

        ImageFile._save(
            im, fp, [("raw", (0, 0) + im.size, offset, (rawmode, stride, 1))]
        )

    # -- helper for multi-page save --
    if "_debug_multipage" in encoderinfo:
        # just to access o32 and o16 (using correct byte order)
        im._debug_multipage = ifd


class AppendingTiffWriter:
    fieldSizes = [
        0,  # None
        1,  # byte
        1,  # ascii
        2,  # short
        4,  # long
        8,  # rational
        1,  # sbyte
        1,  # undefined
        2,  # sshort
        4,  # slong
        8,  # srational
        4,  # float
        8,  # double
        4,  # ifd
        2,  # unicode
        4,  # complex
        8,  # long8
    ]

    Tags = {
        273,  # StripOffsets
        288,  # FreeOffsets
        324,  # TileOffsets
        519,  # JPEGQTables
        520,  # JPEGDCTables
        521,  # JPEGACTables
    }

    def __init__(self, fn, new=False):
        if hasattr(fn, "read"):
            self.f = fn
            self.close_fp = False
        else:
            self.name = fn
            self.close_fp = True
            try:
                self.f = open(fn, "w+b" if new else "r+b")
            except OSError:
                self.f = open(fn, "w+b")
        self.beginning = self.f.tell()
        self.setup()

    def setup(self):
        # Reset everything.
        self.f.seek(self.beginning, os.SEEK_SET)

        self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset = None
        self.offsetOfNewPage = 0

        self.IIMM = iimm = self.f.read(4)
        if not iimm:
            # empty file - first page
            self.isFirst = True
            return

        self.isFirst = False
        if iimm == b"II\x2a\x00":
            self.setEndian("<")
        elif iimm == b"MM\x00\x2a":
            self.setEndian(">")
        else:
            msg = "Invalid TIFF file header"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)

        self.skipIFDs()
        self.goToEnd()

    def finalize(self):
        if self.isFirst:
            return

        # fix offsets
        self.f.seek(self.offsetOfNewPage)

        iimm = self.f.read(4)
        if not iimm:
            # Make it easy to finish a frame without committing to a new one.
            return

        if iimm != self.IIMM:
            msg = "IIMM of new page doesn't match IIMM of first page"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)

        ifd_offset = self.readLong()
        ifd_offset += self.offsetOfNewPage
        self.f.seek(self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset)
        self.writeLong(ifd_offset)
        self.f.seek(ifd_offset)
        self.fixIFD()

    def newFrame(self):
        # Call this to finish a frame.
        self.finalize()
        self.setup()

    def __enter__(self):
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        if self.close_fp:
            self.close()
        return False

    def tell(self):
        return self.f.tell() - self.offsetOfNewPage

    def seek(self, offset, whence=io.SEEK_SET):
        if whence == os.SEEK_SET:
            offset += self.offsetOfNewPage

        self.f.seek(offset, whence)
        return self.tell()

    def goToEnd(self):
        self.f.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
        pos = self.f.tell()

        # pad to 16 byte boundary
        pad_bytes = 16 - pos % 16
        if 0 < pad_bytes < 16:
            self.f.write(bytes(pad_bytes))
        self.offsetOfNewPage = self.f.tell()

    def setEndian(self, endian):
        self.endian = endian
        self.longFmt = self.endian + "L"
        self.shortFmt = self.endian + "H"
        self.tagFormat = self.endian + "HHL"

    def skipIFDs(self):
        while True:
            ifd_offset = self.readLong()
            if ifd_offset == 0:
                self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset = self.f.tell() - 4
                break

            self.f.seek(ifd_offset)
            num_tags = self.readShort()
            self.f.seek(num_tags * 12, os.SEEK_CUR)

    def write(self, data):
        return self.f.write(data)

    def readShort(self):
        (value,) = struct.unpack(self.shortFmt, self.f.read(2))
        return value

    def readLong(self):
        (value,) = struct.unpack(self.longFmt, self.f.read(4))
        return value

    def rewriteLastShortToLong(self, value):
        self.f.seek(-2, os.SEEK_CUR)
        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.longFmt, value))
        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 4:
            msg = f"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 4"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)

    def rewriteLastShort(self, value):
        self.f.seek(-2, os.SEEK_CUR)
        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.shortFmt, value))
        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 2:
            msg = f"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 2"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)

    def rewriteLastLong(self, value):
        self.f.seek(-4, os.SEEK_CUR)
        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.longFmt, value))
        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 4:
            msg = f"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 4"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)

    def writeShort(self, value):
        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.shortFmt, value))
        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 2:
            msg = f"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 2"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)

    def writeLong(self, value):
        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.longFmt, value))
        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != 4:
            msg = f"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 4"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)

    def close(self):
        self.finalize()
        self.f.close()

    def fixIFD(self):
        num_tags = self.readShort()

        for i in range(num_tags):
            tag, field_type, count = struct.unpack(self.tagFormat, self.f.read(8))

            field_size = self.fieldSizes[field_type]
            total_size = field_size * count
            is_local = total_size <= 4
            if not is_local:
                offset = self.readLong()
                offset += self.offsetOfNewPage
                self.rewriteLastLong(offset)

            if tag in self.Tags:
                cur_pos = self.f.tell()

                if is_local:
                    self.fixOffsets(
                        count, isShort=(field_size == 2), isLong=(field_size == 4)
                    )
                    self.f.seek(cur_pos + 4)
                else:
                    self.f.seek(offset)
                    self.fixOffsets(
                        count, isShort=(field_size == 2), isLong=(field_size == 4)
                    )
                    self.f.seek(cur_pos)

                offset = cur_pos = None

            elif is_local:
                # skip the locally stored value that is not an offset
                self.f.seek(4, os.SEEK_CUR)

    def fixOffsets(self, count, isShort=False, isLong=False):
        if not isShort and not isLong:
            msg = "offset is neither short nor long"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)

        for i in range(count):
            offset = self.readShort() if isShort else self.readLong()
            offset += self.offsetOfNewPage
            if isShort and offset >= 65536:
                # offset is now too large - we must convert shorts to longs
                if count != 1:
                    msg = "not implemented"
                    raise RuntimeError(msg)  # XXX TODO

                # simple case - the offset is just one and therefore it is
                # local (not referenced with another offset)
                self.rewriteLastShortToLong(offset)
                self.f.seek(-10, os.SEEK_CUR)
                self.writeShort(TiffTags.LONG)  # rewrite the type to LONG
                self.f.seek(8, os.SEEK_CUR)
            elif isShort:
                self.rewriteLastShort(offset)
            else:
                self.rewriteLastLong(offset)


def _save_all(im, fp, filename):
    encoderinfo = im.encoderinfo.copy()
    encoderconfig = im.encoderconfig
    append_images = list(encoderinfo.get("append_images", []))
    if not hasattr(im, "n_frames") and not append_images:
        return _save(im, fp, filename)

    cur_idx = im.tell()
    try:
        with AppendingTiffWriter(fp) as tf:
            for ims in [im] + append_images:
                ims.encoderinfo = encoderinfo
                ims.encoderconfig = encoderconfig
                if not hasattr(ims, "n_frames"):
                    nfr = 1
                else:
                    nfr = ims.n_frames

                for idx in range(nfr):
                    ims.seek(idx)
                    ims.load()
                    _save(ims, tf, filename)
                    tf.newFrame()
    finally:
        im.seek(cur_idx)


#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Register

Image.register_open(TiffImageFile.format, TiffImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_save(TiffImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_save_all(TiffImageFile.format, _save_all)

Image.register_extensions(TiffImageFile.format, [".tif", ".tiff"])

Image.register_mime(TiffImageFile.format, "image/tiff")

```
--- END FILE ---

Please first localize the bug based on the issue statement, and then generate *SEARCH/REPLACE* edits to fix the issue.

Every *SEARCH/REPLACE* edit must use this format:
1. The file path
2. The start of search block: <<<<<<< SEARCH
3. A contiguous chunk of lines to search for in the existing source code
4. The dividing line: =======
5. The lines to replace into the source code
6. The end of the replace block: >>>>>>> REPLACE

Here is an example:

```python
### mathweb/flask/app.py
<<<<<<< SEARCH
from flask import Flask
=======
import math
from flask import Flask
>>>>>>> REPLACE
```
</solution>

Please note that the *SEARCH/REPLACE* edit REQUIRES PROPER INDENTATION. If you would like to add the line '        print(x)', you must fully write that out, with all those spaces before the code!
Wrap each *SEARCH/REPLACE* edit in a code block as shown in the example above. If you have multiple *SEARCH/REPLACE* edits, use a separate code block for each one.
user