Size exclusion is considered the primary removal mechanism for the UF.
Line 46-52: & line 84-85 “Ultrafiltration (UF) as an emerging alternative technology to conventional water treatment processes, has been widely used to remove pollutants such as particles, colloids, bacteria, and viruses, thus reducing the risk of water-borne diseases [10]. Size exclusion is considered the primary removal mechanism for the UF. However, in the case of the PPCPs with a small molecular weight (typically < 600 Da), UF membranes also cannot effectively reject these PPCPs, but nanofiltration and reverse osmosis are able to remove these PPCPs based on the thin-film composite”. Sorry, but I don't see why UF can reject viruses and bacteria but not PPCPs. Is it true that the molecular weight of viruses and bacteria is more than that of PPCPs? Please elaborate.