Concomitant TTFields with Sorafenib Enhances Treatment Efficacy in Vivo: “Tumor histology and immunostaining for beclin-1 and LC3, GRP78, and cleaved PARP were performed to examine autophagy, ER stress, and apoptosis levels, respectively.
Similarly, low evidence of apoptosis (expression of cleaved PARP) was found in these groups, as shown in Figure 4F.