This work, as with other recent work, makes clear that the most severely aggressive youth tend to engage in high R2 levels of both proactive and reactive aggression and are otherwise also generally more distressed and dysregulated, as compared with youth who are more moderately aggressive and tend to engage in reactive aggression only, and youth who have low levels of aggression.
All the measures are self-reported. This artificially inflates the link between the study variables. Acknowledging this problem in the limitations does not solve it. Some measures such as self-reports of peers’ delinquency are also flawed because of a possible projection bias.