Chloroquine was added to the cell cultures only at the final hours of the treatment for answering questions related to the mechanism of action, and not for boosting the efficacy of the other treatments. When using chloroquine in animal studies, it is for efficacy purposes, and so it is used throughout the treatment period. Since our animal experiment aimed to examine the efficacy of concomitant TTFields and sorafenib, with no additional agents, chloroquine was not employed.
Also, is there any evidence that TTF may prevent the pretty common resistance to sorafenib observed in clinic?