Pakistan Cave Research & Caving Federation cave & karst research by encouraging original exploration, organizing educational, scientific, recreational caving, and cave rescue conferences and expeditions. PCRCF is a member of the International Union of Speleology (UIS), through its founder and President Hayatullah Khan Durrani, Chairman Malik Abdul Rahim Baabai and media officer Mohammad Abubakar Durrani. In 1990 a group of Chiltan Adventurers went into Kach Mountains Balochistan on the invitation of some local people on abet, they explore, searched a small cave in the middle of vertical rock, Formally to further develop Cave exploration sports, Education cave mapping, surveying, Research and finding new caves, the idea
Deep-sea exploration into the Galápagos rift, off the coast of Ecuador, French, Italian, Mexican, and U.S. scientists found vents, nearly high and about across, discharging a mixture of hot water (up to ) and dissolved metals in dark, smoke-like plumes (see hydrothermal vent,). These hot springs play an important role in the formation of deposits that are enriched in copper, nickel, cadmium, chromium, and uranium. Deep-sea exploration Deep-sea exploration is the investigation of physical, chemical, and biological conditions on the sea bed, for scientific or commercial purposes. Deep-sea exploration is considered as a relatively recent human activity compared to the other areas