Onager Stallions are either solitary or live in groups of two or three. The males have been observed holding harems of females, but in other studies, the dominant stallions defend territories that attract females. Differences in behaviour and social structure likely are the result of changes in climate, vegetation cover, predation, and hunting. The social behavior of the Asian wild ass can be very different, depending on different habitats, ranges, and even threats by predators and humans. In Mongolia and Central Asia ("E. h. hemionus" and ""E. h. kulan"), a stove onager stallion can adopt harem-type social groups with several mares
History of Marine Animal Populations in some cases, cannot know about these changes. Only the interdisciplinary combination of expertise can fully develop the scope of what is known, unknown and unknowable about the environmental history of the oceans. The findings of the HMAP research effort are disseminated in the following forms:<br> Research Datasets: the HMAP Data Pages (at Hull University) is an open access facility that currently holds approximately 750,000 records drawn from historical archives relating to the case studies listed above. History of Marine Animal Populations The History of Marine Animal Populations (HMAP) is an international, interdisciplinary research initiative. It comprises the historical component