Forest migration northward. Though "Fagus" and "Picea" populations did not expand directionally, they have grown in the Scandinavian range. The movement of "Picea" species in the past 1000 years has shown a strong connection to climate change through a model comparison. In the more recent past, there has been documentation of elevation shifts in distribution of many core forest tree species of Catalonia. The populations of two tree species (European Beech, "Fagus sylvatica"; and Holm Oak, "Quercus ilex") were evaluated in their dynamics over elevations through time. Generally, Holm Oak reside lower on mountain slopes than does European Beech. In the past
Carex sylvatica York and North Carolina, and to New Zealand, where it was first recorded in 1969. In its native range, "C. sylvatica" lives in deciduous woodlands on heavy soils; it is sometimes found in unwooded areas, but usually only as a relic of ancient woodland. In North America, it is generally found in disturbed areas within deciduous woodland. "Carex sylvatica" was first described by the English botanist William Hudson in his 1762 work "Flora Anglica". Hybrids have been reported between "C. sylvatica" and "C. strigosa" (in France) and between "C. sylvatica" and "C. hirta" (in Austria). Its English common name is