Flightless bird requirement for flightlessness. The kiwi does not exhibit gigantism, along with tinamous, even though they coexisted with the moa and rhea that both exhibit gigantism. This could be the result of different ancestral flighted birds arrival or because of competitive exclusion. The first flightless bird to arrive in each environment utilized the large flightless herbivore or omnivore niche, forcing the later arrivals to remain smaller. In environments where flightless birds are not present, it is possible that after the K/T Boundary there were no niches for them to fill. They were pushed out by other herbivorous mammals. New Zealand had
A Beginning A Beginning "A Beginning" is an instrumental piece composed by the Beatles' producer George Martin and intended as an introduction to "Don't Pass Me By", Ringo Starr's first solo composition from the Beatles' 1968 double album "The Beatles" (also known as the "White Album"). It was instead used as an incidental cue in the Beatles' cartoon film "Yellow Submarine" and heard right before "Eleanor Rigby." It was included on "Anthology 3" as a replacement of a planned "new Beatles song," "Now and Then" (along with "Free as a Bird" and "Real Love.") "A Beginning" was scored by George Martin and