Roman siege engines BC, and surrounded by Roman fortifications. As was standard siege technique at the time, "ballistae" were placed up in the towers with other soldiers armed with either bows or slings. The onager was a post-classical Roman siege engine, which derived its name from the kicking action of the machine, similar to that of an onager (wild ass). It is a type of catapult that uses torsional pressure, generally from twisted rope, to store energy for the shot. The onager consisted of a frame placed on the ground to whose front end a vertical frame of solid timber was rigidly fixed;
Animal repellent chipmunks. Bobcat urine repels moles, mice, voles and other rodents. Wolf urine is used to repel moose. Used cat litter is also effective, but needs repeated application. Chemical repellents mimic natural substances that repel or deter animals, or they are designed to be so irritating to a specific animal or type of animal that the targeted animal will avoid the protected object or area. Some chemical repellents combine both principles. There are many homemade deer repellent recipes on the web. For example, the lawn fertilizer Milorganite is claimed to be an effective repellent due to its smell. Repellents fall into