Speleology to cave science in the world. The growth of speleology is directly linked with that of the sport of caving, both because of the stimulation of public interest and awareness, and the fact that most speleological field-work has been conducted by sport cavers. The creation of an accurate, detailed map is one of the most common technical activities undertaken within a cave. Cave maps, called "surveys", can be used to compare caves to each other by length, depth and volume, may reveal clues on speleogenesis, provide a spatial reference for further scientific study, and assist visitors with route-finding. Caves provide
French Federation of Speleology resumed publication of the "Spelunca" 4th series newsletter with four issues per year. In 1981, printing began on the current (5th) series of "Spelunca", with a new format and numbering system. The FFS has gradually emerged as an entity representative of French caving. It is now delegated public tasks in the field of education, civil protection and promotion of caving practice in all its forms. It has maintained a membership of approximately 7,500 for the last ten years. French Federation of Speleology The French Federation of Speleology (, FFS), is a French organisation that represents all persons practicing or studying