French Federation of Speleology 10 years, named the "Bulletin of the CNS". Simultaneously, the SSF ceased publication of its periodical bulletin to provide its official information bulletin in the new "CNS". From 1952, cave training courses were organised in partnership with the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. From 1953, Guy Lavaur organised cave diving activities. In conjunction with the Fédération nationale de sauvetage (National Rescue Federation), a certificate of first degree fitness was created in 1954. The first International Congress of Speleology was held in Paris from 7–12 September 1953 under the patronage of the Minister of National Education, as well as the
History of scientific method authority of others. Knowledge must be based on experience. In the mid-19th century Claude Bernard was also influential, especially in bringing the scientific method to medicine. In his discourse on scientific method, "An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine" (1865), he described what makes a scientific theory good and what makes a scientist a true discoverer. Unlike many scientific writers of his time, Bernard wrote about his own experiments and thoughts, and used the first person. William Stanley Jevons' "The Principles of Science: a treatise on logic and scientific method" (1873, 1877) Chapter XII "The Inductive or Inverse Method",