Town centre development of indoor shopping malls in major towns and cities. Examples include the Manchester Arndale Centre, the St. James Centre in Edinburgh and the Bullring Centre in Birmingham. They tended to be constructed in a Brutalist or Modernist fashion reflecting the architectural styles of the period. During the Thatcher government of the 1980s, a change in planning policy allowed competing out-of-town shopping and leisure centres to be developed. Examples include the Metro Centre in Gateshead, the Merry Hill Shopping Centre in Dudley, and the Gyle Centre in Edinburgh. Developments of this type have, in a number of places, resulted in
Kluuvi shopping centre façade of a relief of a working-class family, sculpted by Aimo Tukiainen. The Kluuvikatu 5 and Yliopistonkatu 6 buildings are old residential and business buildings from the 19th century, and only their façades remain to this day. The Aleksanterinkatu 7b and Kluuvikatu 7 buildings were designed by Castren-Jauhiainen-Nuuttila as supplementary buildings for the city block. The shopping centre can be accessed with the tram lines 3T, 3B, 4, 4T, 7A and 7B, as well as the metro from the Kaisaniemi metro station. Kluuvi shopping centre The Kluuvi shopping centre () is a shopping centre on Aleksanterinkatu in the Kluuvi district