Speleology meteorology and cartography to develop portraits of caves as complex, evolving systems. Prior to the mid-nineteenth century the scientific value of caves was considered only in its contribution to other branches of science, and cave studies were considered part of the larger disciplines of geography, geology or archaeology. Very little cave-specific study was undertaken prior to the work of Édouard-Alfred Martel (1859–1938), the 'father of modern speleology', who through his extensive and well-publicised cave explorations introduced in France the concept of speleology as a distinct area of study. In 1895 Martel founded the Société de Spéléologie, the first organization devoted
Society for the Scientific Study of Psychopathy include: Society for the Scientific Study of Psychopathy The Society for the Scientific Study of Psychopathy (abbreviated SSSP) is an international learned society dedicated to promoting and advancing scientific research on the personality disorder psychopathy. It was established in 2005 and held its first meeting that year in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Since then, the society has held biennial conferences to provide a venue for psychopathy researchers to present their most recent findings. As of 2009, the society had over 160 members, most of whom were from the United States. The current president of the SSSP is Adelle Forth. Previous