Onager Stallions are either solitary or live in groups of two or three. The males have been observed holding harems of females, but in other studies, the dominant stallions defend territories that attract females. Differences in behaviour and social structure likely are the result of changes in climate, vegetation cover, predation, and hunting. The social behavior of the Asian wild ass can be very different, depending on different habitats, ranges, and even threats by predators and humans. In Mongolia and Central Asia ("E. h. hemionus" and ""E. h. kulan"), a stove onager stallion can adopt harem-type social groups with several mares
Animal Sentience (journal) an article asserting that fish feel pain. All articles accepted for publication are open to Open Peer Commentary in which multiple researchers may submit mini-articles criticizing, clarifying, or elaborating on the article from the viewpoint of any research field relevant to its content. The journal is an Open Access journal that charges no fees: neither publication fees to authors nor subscription, license or other access fees to users. Animal Sentience (journal) Animal Sentience: An Interdisciplinary Journal on Animal Feeling is a multidisciplinary academic journal. Its subject matter, animal sentience, concerns what animals think and feel, and the journal also covers