Berolina chess Berolina chess Berolina chess is a chess variant using a popular fairy chess piece called the Berolina pawn (also known as "Berlin pawn" or "Anti-pawn"). The Berolina pawn was invented by Edmund Nebermann in 1926 and has found frequent use in chess problems. Berolina chess follows the same rules as standard chess, including castling, except that all eight pawns are replaced by Berolina pawns. The Berolina pawn moves, without capturing, one square diagonally forward. It captures one square straight forward. (So, it is the converse of a standard chess pawn, which moves straight forward and captures diagonally forward.) Like a
Chess endgame opinions . Alexander Alekhine said "We cannot define when the middle game ends and the end-game starts" . With the usual system for chess piece relative value, Speelman considers that endgames are positions in which each player has thirteen or fewer points in (not counting the king). Alternatively, an endgame is a position in which the king can be used actively, but there are some famous exceptions to that . Minev characterizes endgames as positions having four or fewer pieces other than kings and pawns . Some authors consider endgames to be positions without queens (e.g. Fine, 1952), while others