Criticism of The Da Vinci Code "Smithy Code Jackie Fisher who are you Dreadnought", referring to the British admiral whom Judge Smith admires. As with the book, this secret message made use of Fibonacci numbers for its encoding. Dan Brown has been sued twice in The United States by author Jack Dunn who claims Dan Brown copied his book The Vatican Boys (1997) to create The Da Vinci Code, Angels & Demons and Brown's now famous character Robert Langdon. Jack Dunn calls Dan Brown's actions, "The Largest Literary and Movie Crime in History." At a conference on April 28, 2006 Archbishop Angelo Amato, the secretary of
The Da Vinci Code was derived from a survey of more than 15,000 Australian readers. Salman Rushdie said during a lecture, "Do not start me on "The Da Vinci Code". A novel so bad that it gives bad novels a bad name." Stephen Fry has referred to Brown's writings as "complete loose stool-water" and "arse gravy of the worst kind". In a live chat on June 14, 2006, he clarified, "I just loathe all those book[s] about the Holy Grail and Masons and Catholic conspiracies and all that botty-dribble. I mean, there's so much more that's interesting and exciting in art and in history.