Polka Denmark (galopp, hopsa), Estonia (polka), Finland (pariisipolkka, polkka), Iceland, Norway (galopp, hamborgar, hopsa/hopsar, parisarpolka, polka, polkett, skotsk) and Sweden (polka). The beats are not as heavy as those from Central Europe and the dance steps and holds also have variations not found further south. The polka is considered a part of the gammeldans tradition of music and dance. While it is nowhere near as old as the older Nordic dance and music traditions, there are still hundreds of polka tunes in each of the Nordic countries. They are played by solo instrumentalists or by bands/ensembles, most frequently with lead instruments
Polonaise (clothing) such example was the witzchoura, a fur-lined cloak with sleeves sometimes described as being "à la Polonaise". In May 1868 the "Ladies' Monthly Magazine" published a coloured fashion plate showing a green silk dress with an asymmetrically opening front described as being made "à la Polonaise", along with a pattern for making it up. During the very late 1860s references to historical dress became fashionable, including draped overskirts loosely based on the 18th century "robe à la polonaise". In 1871 "Peterson's Magazine" stated that the polonaise was an overdress based on the 18th century sacque, with the bodice cut in