French Federation of Speleology 10 years, named the "Bulletin of the CNS". Simultaneously, the SSF ceased publication of its periodical bulletin to provide its official information bulletin in the new "CNS". From 1952, cave training courses were organised in partnership with the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. From 1953, Guy Lavaur organised cave diving activities. In conjunction with the Fédération nationale de sauvetage (National Rescue Federation), a certificate of first degree fitness was created in 1954. The first International Congress of Speleology was held in Paris from 7–12 September 1953 under the patronage of the Minister of National Education, as well as the
Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality The Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality (SSSS, or "quad-S"), formed in 1957, is a non-profit, international professional membership organization, based in the United States, that says it is "the oldest professional society dedicated to the advancement of knowledge about sexuality." It reports to have more than 1,000 members and has a quarterly newsletter, "Sexual Science". It produces two other publications: According to its website, SSSS was established in 1957 by psychologist Albert Ellis to encourage the rigorous, systematic study of sexuality. In 1980, organizer Robert Francoeur invited Philadelphia biologist Timothy Perper