Petiole (insect anatomy) a pedicel, but in entomology, that term is more correctly reserved for the second segment of the antenna; while in arachnology, 'pedicel' is the accepted term to define the constriction between the cephalothorax and abdomen of spiders. The plump portion of the abdomen posterior to the petiole (and postpetiole in the Myrmicinae) is called the gaster. The structure of the petiole is an easy way to visually classify ants, because the major subfamilies of Formicidae have structural differences: some ants have two-segmented petioles, while others have a single-segmented petiole. Petiole may also be used in the context of wing veins,
Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific Research (KISSR) and Scientific Research (KISSR) was founded in 2005 under the name of Kurdistan Technology and Research Centres with the support of Kurdistan Regional Government and the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. In the late of 2008, it was re-established under the name of Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific Research (KISSR). There are currently four active research centers in Kurdistan Institution in variety of fields, which are: In addition, In addition, Kurdistan Institution includes the following directorates and departments: Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific Research (KISSR) Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific Research (KISSR)