North Atlantic Deep Water be detected by its high salinity, high oxygen content, nutrient minima, high C/C, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs are anthropogenic substances that enter the surface of the ocean from gas exchange with the atmosphere. This distinct composition allows its path to be traced as it mixes with Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), which in turn fills the deep Indian Ocean and part of the South Pacific. NADW and its formation is essential to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), which is responsible for transporting large amounts of water, heat, salt, carbon, nutrients and other substances from the Tropical Atlantic to the Mid
Nereus (underwater vehicle) designing the vehicle, the design team relied on previous experience in developing autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and tethered robots to build a hybrid vehicle that could both fly like an aircraft to explore large areas of the ocean floor, but would be easily converted into a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) able to hover over the small areas to conduct experiments or collect samples of rocks and sea life. The Challenger Deep is located in the Western Pacific Ocean near the island of Guam in the Mariana Trench, the deepest known part of an ocean on earth, and the deepest known