Pain management techniques such as thermal agents and electrotherapy, as well as therapeutic exercise and behavioral therapy, alone or in tandem with interventional techniques and conventional pharmacotherapy to treat pain, usually as part of an interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary program. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation has been found to be ineffective for lower back pain, however, it might help with diabetic neuropathy. Acupuncture involves the insertion and manipulation of needles into specific points on the body to relieve pain or for therapeutic purposes. An analysis of the 13 highest quality studies of pain treatment with acupuncture, published in January 2009 in the "British Medical
Practical Management of Pain Pain" was described in "The New England Journal of Medicine" as "a masterly, readable, comprehensive treatise". The third edition was recognized in "Anesthesia and Analgesia" as "a definitive text for the care of the pain patient. Although the fourth edition of "Practical Management of Pain" received criticism for being biased towards a North American readership, it was acknowledged as a "trusted reference source" for both trainees and consultants in pain medicine. Practical Management of Pain Practical Management of Pain is a medical textbook on pain management. First published in 1986 by Year Book Medical Publishers which subsequently became part of