Biscogniauxia nummularia decline of European beech ("Fagus sylvatica") in Sicily and Calabria (Italy) has been linked to "B. nummularia" and experiments have suggested that this ascomycete plays a primary pathogenic role under certain environmental conditions. It typically causes strip‐cankering and general wood decay. Biscogniauxia nummularia Biscogniauxia nummularia is a plant pathogen in the family Xylariaceae, known as the beech tarcrust. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin "nummus" meaning a coin, referring to the often rounded and coin-like encrustations. The fruit body forms a thick and shiny black crust, on beech ("Fagus") bark and is found at all times of the
Carex sylvatica Carex sylvatica Carex sylvatica is a species of sedge found in deciduous woodlands across Europe. It typically reaches tall, and has an inflorescence made up of 3–5 pendent female spikes and a single male spike. It is also used as a garden plant, and has been introduced to North America and New Zealand. "Carex sylvatica" "resembles a small "C. pendula"", growing to around tall, or up to in exceptional cases. Its rhizomes are very short, giving the plant a densely cespitose (tufted) form. The leaves are long, wide and thick, with 17–31 parallel veins. The leaves have a slight keel,