Culture of Manchester an early author of police procedural novels. Procter's "Hell is a City" (1954) is set in a fictionalised Manchester, later filmed in the city with lead roles for Donald Pleasence and Stanley Baker. Anthony Burgess (born 1917), author of "A Clockwork Orange", was born and educated in Manchester. "Little Wilson and Big God", the first volume of his autobiography, includes a detailed account of his early life in the city between 1917 and 1940. Howard Jacobson, born in Prestwich in 1942, an area with a strong Jewish community, has written about post-war Manchester in "The Mighty Walzer" (1999) and "Kalooki
A Clockwork Orange (film) 1973 and earned $1.5 million in rentals. In the United States, "A Clockwork Orange" was rated X in its original release in 1972. Later, Kubrick voluntarily replaced approximately 30 seconds of sexually explicit footage from two scenes with less explicit action for an R rating re-release in 1973. Current DVDs present the original version (reclassified with an "R" rating), and only some of the early 1980s VHS editions are the edited version. Because of the explicit sex and violence, The National Catholic Office for Motion Pictures rated it "C" ("Condemned"), a rating which forbade Roman Catholics seeing the film. In