Stone of Destiny (film) Stone of Destiny (film) Stone of Destiny is a 2008 Scottish-Canadian historical adventure/comedy film written and directed by Charles Martin Smith and starring Charlie Cox, Billy Boyd, Robert Carlyle, and Kate Mara. Based on real events, the film tells the story of the removal of the Stone of Scone from Westminster Abbey. The stone, supposedly the Stone of Jacob over which Scottish monarchs were traditionally crowned at Scone in Perthshire, was stolen by King Edward I of England in 1296 and placed under the throne at Westminster Abbey in London. In 1950, a group of Scottish nationalist students succeeded in
White-crowned manakin "pipra" is the Ancient Greek word for a small unidentified bird mentioned by Aristotle. The white-crowned manakin was subsequently placed in the genus "Pipra". In 1992, the American ornithologist Richard Prum published a study of the syringeal morphology of birds in "Pipra". He found that the genus was polyphyletic and proposed that it should be split with the white-crowned manakin placed in the resurrected genus "Dixiphia" that had originally been introduced by the German ornithologist Ludwig Reichenbach in 1850. Subsequent molecular phylogenetic studies confirmed that "Pipra", as traditionally defined, was polyphyletic and most ornithologists followed Prum and placed the white-crowned