French Federation of Speleology 10 years, named the "Bulletin of the CNS". Simultaneously, the SSF ceased publication of its periodical bulletin to provide its official information bulletin in the new "CNS". From 1952, cave training courses were organised in partnership with the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. From 1953, Guy Lavaur organised cave diving activities. In conjunction with the Fédération nationale de sauvetage (National Rescue Federation), a certificate of first degree fitness was created in 1954. The first International Congress of Speleology was held in Paris from 7–12 September 1953 under the patronage of the Minister of National Education, as well as the
Scientific enterprise is essential for the long-term health of their chosen field. Note that a successful scientific enterprise is not equivalent to a successful high-tech enterprise or to a successful business enterprise, but that they form an ecology, a "food chain". Scientific enterprise Scientific enterprise refers to science-based projects developed by, or in cooperation with, private entrepreneurs. For example, in the Age of Exploration, leaders like Henry the Navigator founded schools of navigation, from which stemmed voyages of exploration. Each of the organizations listed below, have the ability to conduct scientific research on an extended basis, involving multiple researchers over an extended