Zbrašov aragonite caves and brown rankers. The surface of the protected area is mostly forest canopy cover, which has a near-natural tree composition. There is growing mixed forest consisting of winter oak ("Quercus petraea"), beech ("Fagus sylvatica"), common hornbeam ("Carpinus betulus"), sycamore ("Acer pseudoplatanus"), spruce ash ("Fraxinus excelsio"), maple ("Acer platanoides"), small-leaved lime ("Tilia cordata"), sometimes Norway spruce ("Picea abies") and silver fir ("Abies alba"). Occasionally there are a few mountain elms ("Ulmus glabra"). In the past, these forests were negatively affected by forest management, such as logging and the subsequent planting in favor of spruce trees. In the future, these negative effects
Nyssa sylvatica in the Northeast is "pepperidge." On Martha's Vineyard, in Massachusetts, this species is called "beetlebung", perhaps for its use in making the mallet known as a beetle, used for hammering bungs (stoppers) into barrels. "Nyssa sylvatica" grows to tall, rarely to , with a trunk diameter of , rarely up to . These trees typically have a straight trunk with the branches extending outward at right angles. The bark is dark gray and flaky when young, but it becomes furrowed with age, resembling alligator hide on very old stems. The twigs of this tree are reddish-brown, usually hidden by a