Nemrut (volcano) of the earliest trade routes. Two eruptions of Nemrut were probably witnessed by people of Urartu, an ancient state located in the eastern Turkey. These eruptions occurred c. 787 BC (period of King Menua) and c. 657 BC (period of King Rusa II), and the latter eruption might cause the sudden disappearance of the city Uaiais located 30 km east of Süphan. In the 1980s, Japanese volcanologists studied the evolution of gases inside the caldera of Nemrut. They found that the ratio of helium isotopes He/He is 1.06, which indicates volcanic activity (most of the measured helium evolved from the
Mount Batu Mount Batu Mount Batu is one of the highest of the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia, as well as of the Oromia Region. Part of the Bale National Park, and located at , it reaches an elevation of 4,307 meters. It consists of two peaks, Tinnish Batu ("Little Batu"), which is actually higher than Tilliq Batu ("Big Batu") to the south. The reason for these deceptive names is explained by Paul Henze, who reports that upon viewing them, "it appeared that the peak behind Tinnish Batu was definitely higher." The first European to climb Mount Batu was the Finnish professor Helmer