Culture of Manchester an early author of police procedural novels. Procter's "Hell is a City" (1954) is set in a fictionalised Manchester, later filmed in the city with lead roles for Donald Pleasence and Stanley Baker. Anthony Burgess (born 1917), author of "A Clockwork Orange", was born and educated in Manchester. "Little Wilson and Big God", the first volume of his autobiography, includes a detailed account of his early life in the city between 1917 and 1940. Howard Jacobson, born in Prestwich in 1942, an area with a strong Jewish community, has written about post-war Manchester in "The Mighty Walzer" (1999) and "Kalooki
A Clockwork Orange (film) and Clyde" (1967), "Night of the Living Dead" (1968), "The Wild Bunch" (1969), "Soldier Blue" (1970), "Dirty Harry" (1971), and "Straw Dogs" (1971), the film is considered a landmark in the relaxation of control on violence in the cinema. "A Clockwork Orange" remains an influential work in cinema and other media. The film is frequently referenced in popular culture, which Adam Chandler of "The Atlantic" attributes to Kubrick's "genre-less" directing techniques that brought novel innovation in filming, music, and production that had not been seen at the time of the film's original release. "A Clockwork Orange" appears several times on