Town centre development of indoor shopping malls in major towns and cities. Examples include the Manchester Arndale Centre, the St. James Centre in Edinburgh and the Bullring Centre in Birmingham. They tended to be constructed in a Brutalist or Modernist fashion reflecting the architectural styles of the period. During the Thatcher government of the 1980s, a change in planning policy allowed competing out-of-town shopping and leisure centres to be developed. Examples include the Metro Centre in Gateshead, the Merry Hill Shopping Centre in Dudley, and the Gyle Centre in Edinburgh. Developments of this type have, in a number of places, resulted in
Hansa (shopping centre) Hansa (shopping centre) Hansa (, ) is a shopping centre in the city centre of Turku, in Finland. It is located in the city's VII District, next to the main Market Square. The shopping centre hosts a total of 156 businesses, including nineteen cafés and restaurants. It also contains a theatre. The Turku branch of the Stockmann department store is located in Hansa. Hansa is usually considered as the most important shopping centre in Turku region, though it has lost some of its popularity to the out-of-town Mylly shopping centre in Raisio. The annual sales of Hansa in 2005 totalled