Roman siege engines BC, and surrounded by Roman fortifications. As was standard siege technique at the time, "ballistae" were placed up in the towers with other soldiers armed with either bows or slings. The onager was a post-classical Roman siege engine, which derived its name from the kicking action of the machine, similar to that of an onager (wild ass). It is a type of catapult that uses torsional pressure, generally from twisted rope, to store energy for the shot. The onager consisted of a frame placed on the ground to whose front end a vertical frame of solid timber was rigidly fixed;
Animal Sentience (journal) an article asserting that fish feel pain. All articles accepted for publication are open to Open Peer Commentary in which multiple researchers may submit mini-articles criticizing, clarifying, or elaborating on the article from the viewpoint of any research field relevant to its content. The journal is an Open Access journal that charges no fees: neither publication fees to authors nor subscription, license or other access fees to users. Animal Sentience (journal) Animal Sentience: An Interdisciplinary Journal on Animal Feeling is a multidisciplinary academic journal. Its subject matter, animal sentience, concerns what animals think and feel, and the journal also covers