Geneva University of Music Geneva University of Music The Geneva Haute école de musique () is a higher music education institution in Geneva, Switzerland. The HEM is a public institution founded in 2009, but the school has its origin back to 1835. It is affiliated to the Music & Performing Arts Faculty of the University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (Haute école spécialisée de Suisse occidentale, HES-SO). Its Bachelor and Master courses are fully recognized by the Swiss authorities. They are compatible with the European educative space, and well recognized abroad. The mission of the HEM includes education at the Bachelor and Master level,
Congress of Peace in Geneva Congress of Peace in Geneva In 1867, the French pacifist Charles Lemonnier (1806-1891) convened the Congress of Peace in Geneva, known as the "International League of Peace and Liberty". It was ultimately at this conference that it was decided to abolish the sovereignty and international relations of the Holy See, something which Pius IX blamed on secret societies. According to Jasper Ridley, at the 1867 Congress of Geneva, Garibaldi referred to "that pestilential institution which is called the Papacy" and proposed giving "the final blow to the monster". This was a reflection of the bitterness that had been generated by