Bazaar Grand Bazaar in Istanbul is "Kapalıçarşı" (gated shopping area), while the Spice Bazaar is the "Mısır Çarşısı" (Egyptian shopping area). The Arabic term, souk (souq or suk) is a synonym for bazaar in Arab-speaking countries. Bazaars originated in the Middle East, probably in Persia. Pourjafara et al., point to historical records documenting the concept of a bazaar as early as 3000 BC. By the 4th century (CE), a network of bazaars had sprung up alongside ancient caravan trade routes. Bazaars were typically situated in close proximity to ruling palaces, citadels or mosques, not only because the city afforded traders some
Letter (alphabet) the surrounding letters or etymology of the word. Regional accents have a significant effect; the letter "a" can range from five to twelve sounds depending on the origin of the speaker. As an example of positional effects, the letter "c" is pronounced [k] before "a, o, u," or consonants (e.g. "critical"), but is pronounced [s] before "e," "i," or "y" (e.g. "democracy"). Conversely, the same phoneme may be shared by more than one letter, as shown by the "c" and "s" in "fence" and "tense". A pair of letters designating a single phoneme is called a digraph. Examples of digraphs