Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, (; 24 June 1850 – 5 June 1916), was a senior British Army officer and colonial administrator who won notoriety for his imperial campaigns, most especially his scorched earth policy against the Boers and his establishment of concentration camps during the Second Boer War, and later played a central role in the early part of the First World War. Kitchener was credited in 1898 for winning the Battle of Omdurman and securing control of the Sudan for which he was made Lord Kitchener of Khartoum, becoming a
First Battle of the Marne afternoon in silent contemplation under an ash tree. At dinner that night he received word of d’Esperey’s plan for counterattack. That night he issued commands to halt the French retreat in his Instruction general 5, with a start date of 6 September for the French counterattack. The next day Joffre spent much of the day confirming that the British would attack as planned. The BEF under Field Marshall John French were under no obligations to follow orders of the French. Joffre first attempted to utilize diplomatic channels to convince the British government to apply pressure on French. Later in the