Berolina chess Berolina chess Berolina chess is a chess variant using a popular fairy chess piece called the Berolina pawn (also known as "Berlin pawn" or "Anti-pawn"). The Berolina pawn was invented by Edmund Nebermann in 1926 and has found frequent use in chess problems. Berolina chess follows the same rules as standard chess, including castling, except that all eight pawns are replaced by Berolina pawns. The Berolina pawn moves, without capturing, one square diagonally forward. It captures one square straight forward. (So, it is the converse of a standard chess pawn, which moves straight forward and captures diagonally forward.) Like a
School of chess that maintaining the of pawns was the most important strategic factor of chess, and he discussed pawn structure, particularly isolated pawns, doubled pawns, and backward pawns. Philidor's writings were widely praised and misunderstood for 90 years. His ideas were taken up by the English school in the 1840s. In 1925 Aron Nimzowitsch recognized the importance of pawn mobility. Philidor has increasingly been recognized as the founder of modern chess strategy . The Modenese school is due to three 18th-century players known as the Modenese Masters: Domenico Lorenzo Ponziani, Giambattista Lolli, and Ercole del Rio. They recommended playing the Italian Game