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Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: From a large series of patients referred for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography to one endoscopist, 49 patients had the duodenoscopic appearance of a periampullary tumour. Thirty eight of these lesions were neoplastic, but the remaining 11 patients had inflammatory non-neoplastic lesions (pseudotumours). These could not be distinguished from the neoplasms on endoscopic appearances. The cholangiopancreatograms were similar except that the diameter of the pancreatic duct tended to be higher in the tumour group and gall stones were present significantly more often in the patients with pseudotumour. Endoscopic biopsy correctly diagnosed 28 of 34 ampullary carcinomas. Two of the 11 pseudotumour patients were subjected to surgical excision biopsy because of suspicious histological features of endoscopic biopsy. In the neoplastic group 19 patients underwent Whipple's procedure, seven surgical bypass, seven endoscopic sphincterotomy only and five died without successful biliary drainage. The overall one year survival was 44.7%. By contrast, the patients with pseudotumours were clinically well at a median follow up 24 months (range 12-41 months), after endoscopic sphincterotomy except for one 89 year old patient who died 22 months later from unrelated causes.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Tumours and pseudotumours of the region of the ampulla of Vater: an endoscopic, clinical and pathological study. option2: Leads from the MMWR. Surveillance of hemophilia-associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Solution:
|
Tumours and pseudotumours of the region of the ampulla of Vater: an endoscopic, clinical and pathological study.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Light and electron microscopy were used to demonstrate extensive matrix degradation in a failed chymopapain-treated disc as compared with an untreated degenerative control disc. Both specimens contained viable cells with patches of degenerative cells. There was a loss of disc height in the chymopapain-treated disc, but no improvement of symptoms. These results illustrated that even in well-circumscribed cases with documented disc protrusion into the spinal canal, the disc space narrowing following injection may aggravate the symptoms of nerve root entrapment, especially if a low-grade lateral recess stenosis is associated with the disc protrusion. The persistence or aggravation of symptoms probably is related to these anatomic considerations. The low level of enzyme activity in the injected area may or may not be correlated with the clinical response to treatment.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The effects of chymopapain on prolapsed human intervertebral disc. A clinical and correlative histochemical study. option2: Iontophoresis of vidarabine monophosphate for herpes orolabialis.
Output:
|
The effects of chymopapain on prolapsed human intervertebral disc. A clinical and correlative histochemical study.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: A series of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) was raised in mice against Schistosoma mansoni, which recognized a carbohydrate determinant on a major Mr greater than 200,000 schistosomulum surface antigen. These mAb cross-reacted with the surface of cercariae and miracidia and with schistosomula of S. haematobium and S. bovis. Other mAb were generated that only recognized a Mr 20,000 schistosomulum surface antigen; they did not cross-react with eggs or miracidia and were species specific. The anti-Mr 20,000 mAb of the IgG1 isotype exhibited high levels of complement-dependent cytotoxicity to schistosomula in vitro. IgM mAb that recognized carbohydrate epitopes of the Mr greater than 200,000 surface antigen blocked the lethal activity of the anti-Mr 20,000 mAb. The IgM anti-Mr greater than 200,000 mAb also reduced complement-dependent cytotoxicity of serum from mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: IgM antibodies recognizing carbohydrate epitopes shared between schistosomula and miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni that block in vitro killing. option2: Clinical pharmacology. New hopes for the treatment of coronary heart disease [news]
Output:
|
IgM antibodies recognizing carbohydrate epitopes shared between schistosomula and miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni that block in vitro killing.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: We undertook a study of the separate and combined effects of age and sex on the pulsatile pattern of GH secretion. The 24-h secretory profile of GH was generated by 20-min sampling in 10 young women (aged 18-33 yr), 10 young men (aged 18-33 yr), 8 postmenopausal women (aged greater than 55 yr), and 8 older men (aged greater than 55 yr). A computer-assisted pulse analysis program was used to assess both total GH secretion, as reflected in the 24-h integrated GH concentration (IGHC), and pulsatile secretion, as denoted by pulse frequency, duration, amplitude, and the fraction of GH secreted in pulses during the 24-h period (FGHP). IGHC was significantly greater in women than in men (P less than 0.025) and greater in the young than in the old (P less than 0.003). The mean pulse amplitude, duration, and FGHP were each greater in the young (P less than 0.006, P less than 0.03, and P less than 0.0001, respectively), but not significantly different between the sexes. The mean pulse frequency was not affected by sex or age. The serum concentration of free estradiol, but not free testosterone, correlated with IGHC (r = 0.46; P less than 0.005), pulse amplitude (r = 0.53; P less than 0.001), and FGHP (r = 0.59; P less than 0.0002). After correcting for the effects of estradiol, neither sex nor age influenced IGHC or mean pulse amplitude, while the effect of age on FGHP was reduced from 81% to 29%. Of the indices of GH secretion, FGHP had the strongest correlation (r = 0.43; P less than 0.006) with somatomedin-C. Somatomedin-C declined significantly with age in both sexes. Our results indicate that sex and age have independent and interrelated effects on GH secretion. These effects can be largely accounted for by corresponding variations in endogenous estradiol levels. These observations suggest an amplifying action of estradiol on the neuroendocrine regulation of pulsatile GH release.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Effects of sex and age on the 24-hour profile of growth hormone secretion in man: importance of endogenous estradiol concentrations. option2: Thalidomide neuropathy: an electrophysiologic study.
Output:
|
Effects of sex and age on the 24-hour profile of growth hormone secretion in man: importance of endogenous estradiol concentrations.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Mathematical models have been used since 1976 in an attempt to predict the progression of chronic renal failure. These models have used the serum creatinine level as either a reciprocal or logarithmic plot against time. The accuracy of such predictions are characterized by either a correlation coefficient (r value) or prediction error (time at which dialysis was predicted minus time at which dialysis actually occurred). Retrospectively, we analyzed 37 children who progressed to end-stage renal disease, grouped them by their respective primary diseases, and calculated both r values and prediction error for each individual and group. Although r values for each group (with the exception of patients less than 1 year of age) were comparable, prediction errors were widely disparate among the various groupings. Individuals within each of the groups had disparate values even though identical r values were present. These observations indicate that predictive models using serum creatinine levels are of limited clinical use and are least useful for patients younger than 1 year of age.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Prediction of the progression of chronic renal failure in children: are current models accurate? option2: Proximal gastric vagotomy in emergency peptic ulcer perforation.
|
Prediction of the progression of chronic renal failure in children: are current models accurate?
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The ability to breathe spontaneously through an endotracheal tube is a usual prerequisite before an intubated patient can have it removed. Other researchers have measured air flow resistance through endotracheal tubes. In this study, we evaluated work of breathing in joules per min and tension-time index while three normal volunteers breathed through different sized endotracheal tubes. Four 27.5-cm endotracheal tubes were used. Subjects breathed with a constant tidal volume of 500 ml. By increasing respiratory frequency, minute ventilation was increased from 5 to 30 L/min. As tube diameter decreased, work and the tension-time index increased. Changes were magnified at higher minute ventilations through the 6- and 7-mm endotracheal tubes, and the tension-time index critical fatigue level of 0.15 was approached or exceeded.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Work of breathing through different sized endotracheal tubes. option2: Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale.
A:
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Work of breathing through different sized endotracheal tubes.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: We report a case of monoarthropathy in a patient with Hodgkin's disease, due to invasion of the synovium, with apparently normal juxta-articular bone.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Synovial involvement in Hodgkin's disease. option2: Guidelines for Clinical Use of Cardiac Radionuclide Imaging, December 1986. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Assessment of Cardiovascular Procedures (Subcommittee on Nuclear Imaging).
Output:
|
Synovial involvement in Hodgkin's disease.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Atrial pacing was performed in 16 patients with angina at rest and significant coronary artery stenosis (greater than 70%) over 2 consecutive days in the morning (10 A.M. to 1 P.M.), in the afternoon (4 to 7 P.M.), and at night (12 midnight to 3 A.M.) to assess possible circadian variations of their ischemic threshold. Overall, the incidence of resting angina was highest at night. All pacing results were positive (greater than or equal to 1.0 mm ST segment shift) and tended to be reproducible in nine patients, whereas some or all were negative in seven. Among all positive results, ischemic thresholds at night were significantly lower than those in the morning and in the afternoon (125 +/- 3 vs 138 +/- 3 and 139 +/- 2 beats/min, mean +/- SEM; p less than .005). In nine patients, 19 pacing tests produced ST segment elevation, of which 13 were performed at night (68%). We conclude that patients with resting angina and severe coronary stenosis often exhibit a nocturnal decline in their ischemic threshold, which seems to facilitate development of transmural ischemia during atrial pacing.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Resting angina with fixed coronary artery stenosis: nocturnal decline in ischemic threshold. option2: Is hypertrophic osteoarthropathy really so rare in regional enteritis?
A:
|
Resting angina with fixed coronary artery stenosis: nocturnal decline in ischemic threshold.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: The transsphenoidal route to the pituitary gland is well established in neurosurgical practice, and several approaches to the sphenoidal air sinus have been described. In this paper, the authors describe a technique that utilizes a direct route through the nasal cavity, thereby minimizing disruption of normal tissues.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: A direct transnasal approach to the sphenoid sinus. Technical note. option2: Pregnancy causes a decrease in the number and affinity of myometrial angiotensin II receptors.
A:
|
A direct transnasal approach to the sphenoid sinus. Technical note.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: Non-excretor cirrhotic patients, defined by their inability to normally excrete a standard water load, display variable responses to head-out water immersion. The hemodynamic, hormonal, and renal functional status of fifteen such patients were analyzed relative to water excretion during head-out water immersion. Group 1 patients (N = 7) all excreted less than 40% of the water load during immersion, whereas excretion was greater than 40% in all eight patients in Group 2. Group 1 patients, when compared with Group 2, had more ascites, more diuretic resistance, lower serum sodium concentration (125 +/- 2 vs. 130 +/- 1 mEq/liter, P less than 0.05), and more impaired baseline water excretion (12.9 +/- 1.2 vs. 35.9 +/- 5.9% of water load in 5 hr, P less than 0.005). Systemic hemodynamic responses to water immersion were similar in both groups. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were significantly more impaired in Group 1 patients (inulin clearance 28 +/- 6 vs. 62 +/- 9 ml/min/1.73 m2, P less than 0.05; para-aminohippurate clearance 212 +/- 35 vs. 357 +/- 37 ml/min, P less than 0.05). Concentrations of plasma vasopressin (1.7 +/- 0.5 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.1 pg/ml, P less than 0.05), renin (8.6 +/- 1.7 vs. 3.8 +/- 0.9 ng/ml/hr, P less than 0.05), aldosterone (82 +/- 14 vs. 39 +/- 10 ng/dl, P less than 0.05) and norepinephrine (1155 +/- 183 vs. 603 +/- 126 pg/ml, P less than 0.05) were all significantly higher in Group 1 than Group 2 patients during water immersion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Factors determining renal response to water immersion in non-excretor cirrhotic patients. option2: Primary amebic meningoencephalitis.
Solution:
|
Factors determining renal response to water immersion in non-excretor cirrhotic patients.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Pathologic studies were performed on two specimens of eyelid that had been treated with permanent eyeliner (tattooing with ferrous oxide), one specimen excised four days after injection of the pigment, and the other obtained 12 months later. Each patient had undergone an ectropion repair of the lower eyelid that provided the specimen. The specimen studied four days after injection revealed by light microscopy scattered pigment granules within the epidermis and fine granules and small aggregates dispersed within the dermis. No acute or chronic inflammatory cells were observed in relationship to the deposits. The specimen obtained 12 months after eyeliner injection was studied by both light and electron microscopy. No pigment particles were observed within the epidermis, but rather there were coarse clumps of granular material in the dermis. Apart from scattered mast cells, which occasionally contained fine granules, and apart from the macrophages which appeared to have ingested the pigment granules, no other acute and chronic inflammatory cells were found. Electron microscopy demonstrated that while most of the granular material had been phagocytosed by macrophages, occasional granules were found in small dispersions within the cytoplasm of mast cells and fibroblasts of the dermis. Minimal migration of pigment within macrophages occurred to locations around lymphatic channels and within the superficial orbicularis muscle connective tissue.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Light and electron microscopic findings with permanent eyeliner. option2: Severe scoliosis associated with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. A report of two cases.
Output:
|
Light and electron microscopic findings with permanent eyeliner.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: To study respiratory timing mechanisms in patients with occlusive apnea, inspiratory and expiratory times (TI and TE) were calculated from the diaphragmatic electromyogram obtained in seven patients during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep. Peak diaphragmatic activity (EMGdi) had a curvilinear relationship with TI during the ventilatory and occlusive phases such that TI shortened as EMGdi decreased during the ventilatory phase (r = 0.87, P less than 0.05) and it prolonged as EMGdi increased during the occlusive phase (r = 0.89, P less than 0.02). However, EMGdi vs. TI for the occlusive phase was shifted to the right of that for the ventilatory phase, reflecting the relatively longer TI during upper airway occlusion. TI also had a linear relationship with pleural pressure (r = 0.94, P less than 0.001) that remained unchanged during the ventilatory and occlusive phases such that it prolonged as negative inspiratory pressure increased. These results indicate that respiratory timing is continuously modified in patients with occlusive apnea as inspiratory neural drive fluctuates during NREM sleep and suggest that this modification is due to the net effects of changing inspiratory neural drive and afferent input predominantly from upper airway mechanoreceptors.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Respiratory timing during NREM sleep in patients with occlusive sleep apnea. option2: Ventricular tachycardia associated with non-freon aerosol propellants [letter]
A:
|
Respiratory timing during NREM sleep in patients with occlusive sleep apnea.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Treatment and supervision of epileptic patients is part of specialist medicine. A possible change in the role of specialists and general practitioners in the care of these patients was explored by a questionnaire mailed to all Dutch neurologists and a random sample of general practitioners. Patients were also asked their opinion. The real situation was studied in a group of patients retrieved from the registers of general practitioners. Demographic, psychosocial, and epilepsy characteristics were sampled. Specialists tend not to want a change in their role; general practitioners desire a change. At present, patients do not want a change, but in future a change might be acceptable to them. More patients than expected were supervised by their general practitioner only. Their demographic and psychosocial characteristics did not differ from those in the population at large. Epilepsy characteristics corresponded with those in other studies.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Epilepsy in general practice: the Dutch situation. option2: Adverse reactions and antibody responses to acellular pertussis vaccine.
A:
|
Epilepsy in general practice: the Dutch situation.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Benign osteoblastoma is a rare, solitary, vascular, osteoid-producing tumor that is rich in osteoblasts. This is the first report of a case of osteoblastoma of the orbit not contiguous with a sinus cavity.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Benign osteoblastoma of the orbit. option2: Pyarthrosis of the sacroiliac joint presenting as lumbar radiculopathy. A case report.
|
Benign osteoblastoma of the orbit.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: The four methods of illumination in the use of slit-lamp biomicroscopy of the anterior segment, described first by Vogt, are equally useful in the posterior part of the eye. Examination of the ocular fundus is more difficult. In particular, photography of the central and peripheral parts of the fundus demands additional technical arrangements if all the appearances of biomicroscopy are to be recorded.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Photographic recording of slit-lamp appearances of the ocular fundus. option2: Doppler echocardiographic assessment of impaired left ventricular filling in patients with right ventricular pressure overload due to primary pulmonary hypertension.
A:
|
Photographic recording of slit-lamp appearances of the ocular fundus.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: Percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone was studied in 18 children (aged from 6 weeks to 14 1/2 years) with atopic or seborrhoeic dermatitis, by measuring their serum cortisol before and after application of 1% hydrocortisone cream. Endogenous secretion of cortisol was suppressed with dexamethasone. A 24 h absorption test was performed on nine children. In six, percutaneous absorption was detected. The highest serum cortisol level was reached within the first 6 h. A 4 h absorption test was developed on the basis of the 24 h test. This short absorption test was performed on nine children, and in eight of them absorption of hydrocortisone was detected. The rise of serum cortisol ranged from 98 to 2669 nmol/l. The 2 h ACTH test was performed to evaluate the effect of previous treatment with topical glucocorticoids. Suppressed adrenocortical function was found in five of 13 children, and was associated significantly with high post-application serum cortisol levels. This occurred more often in infants with a severe skin disorder than in older children or in those with mild or moderate skin disease.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Effect of percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone on adrenocortical responsiveness in infants with severe skin disease. option2: Technetium antimony sulfur colloid scintiscan in selective lymph node dissection for malignant melanoma.
Solution:
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Effect of percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone on adrenocortical responsiveness in infants with severe skin disease.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: The current studies were designed to investigate the effect of calcium channel blockers on chemically induced gastric lesions in rats. Results of this study indicate that pretreatment of male F344 rats with the calcium channel blockers verapamil, diltiazem, or Mg2+ significantly protected against ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric lesions as demonstrated by gross and histopathologic evaluation. Treatment of rats with calcium channel blockers before ethanol or indomethacin administration resulted in a significant decline in the mean number of lesions per glandular stomach, the damaged area of the glandular stomach, and the severity of lesions. Calcium channel blockers also caused a significant decline in the incidence of indomethacin-induced gastric lesions, but had no effect on the incidence of ethanol-induced gastric lesions. These results offer the first evidence that calcium channel blockers may play an important role in the protection against chemically induced gastric lesions and thereby offer insight into the mechanism of gastric ulcer formation. It is speculated that this knowledge may prove important in the development of new and improved therapies for the treatment and prevention of gastric ulcers in humans.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Calcium channel blockers protect against ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric lesions in rats. option2: Late septic complications in adults following splenectomy for trauma: a prospective analysis in 144 patients.
Output:
|
Calcium channel blockers protect against ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric lesions in rats.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Gastrointestinal motor function in patients with primary anorexia nervosa has rarely been investigated. We studied oesophageal motor activity in 30 consecutive patients meeting standard diagnostic criteria for primary anorexia nervosa (Feighner et al; DSM III). Seven were found to suffer from achalasia instead of primary anorexia nervosa, one from diffuse oesophageal spasm and one from severe gastro-oesophageal reflux and upper oesophageal sphincter hypertonicity, while partly non-propulsive and repetitive high amplitude, long duration contractions prevailed in the lower oesophagus of another six. In four patients with oesophageal dysmotility not responding to therapy and in 12 of 15 patients with normal oesophageal manometry, gastric emptying of a semisolid meal was studied. Emptying was normal in only three but markedly delayed in 13 cases (half emptying times 97-330 min, median: 147 min, as compared with 21-119 min, median: 47 min, in 24 healthy controls). In eight patients, the effects of domperidone 10 mg iv and placebo were compared under random double blind conditions. Half emptying times were shortened significantly (p less than 0.01) by domperidone. Conclusions: symptoms of disordered upper gastrointestinal motor activity may be mistaken as indicating primary anorexia nervosa; clinical evaluation of patients with presumed primary anorexia nervosa should rule out the possibility that disordered oesophageal motor activity underlies the symptoms; delayed gastric emptying is a frequent feature in primary anorexia nervosa and might be returned to normal with domperidone.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Oesophageal and gastric motility disorders in patients categorised as having primary anorexia nervosa. option2: Vaginal spermicides and congenital disorders: the validity of a study [letter]
|
Oesophageal and gastric motility disorders in patients categorised as having primary anorexia nervosa.
| 5
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Although an action of corticosteroids to inhibit glucose transport is well known, the mechanism by which this is brought about has been unclear. Some evidence has suggested an action on insulin receptors, but a postbinding or postreceptor effect has also been reported. As hydrogen peroxide acts at a postbinding site to stimulate glucose transport, studies were carried out in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to determine whether corticosteroids would inhibit hydrogen peroxide-induced glucose transport. In this cell type, both insulin and hydrogen peroxide produced a marked increase in glucose transport after a 30-min incubation. The increase produced by hydrogen peroxide, as well as insulin, was inhibited by previous incubation of the cells with dexamethasone. These findings give further support to the conclusion that dexamethasone has effects on glucose transport at a postbinding site. As changes in membrane lipids influence the movement and/or activity of glucose transporters, and dexamethasone alters membrane lipids, dexamethasone-induced changes in the lipids of the plasma membrane may be important in the mediation of the steroid effect upon glucose transport.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Dexamethasone inhibition of hydrogen peroxide-stimulated glucose transport. option2: Effect of antibiotic therapy on the sensitivity of indium-111-labeled leukocyte scans.
A:
|
Dexamethasone inhibition of hydrogen peroxide-stimulated glucose transport.
| 7
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: DNA measurements yield information about the nature of cells and may provide diagnostic and prognostic information. Static cytofluorometry was performed on smears removed at microlaryngoscopy from 107 vocal cord lesions (96 patients). All stem cell lines were diploid except 3; 2 carcinomas and 1 severe dysplasia were polyploid. The mean proliferative activity (percentage of nuclei greater than diploid peak) was 2.1% for the group of epithelia with hyperplasia and mild dysplasia, 3.1% for those with moderate dysplasia, 4.0% for severe dysplasia, and 6.8% for carcinomas. Hypertetraploid cell nuclei (HT cells) were not found in epithelia with hyperplasia and mild dysplasia. Seven out of 15 patients with epithelia showing moderate dysplasia had HT cells; 5 of these patients developed a carcinoma. One of 8 without HT cells developed a severe dysplasia. Nine patients with severe dysplasia had HT cells; 4 had recurrences and 4 developed carcinoma within 4 years. In 14 patients without HT cells, 3 had recurrences and 1 developed a carcinoma 6 years later. HT cells were found in 15 patients with T1 & T2 carcinomas; residual carcinoma was present in 2 after radiotherapy and 4 had recurrences within 11 months. Fourteen patients with T1 & T2 carcinoma did not have any HT cells; one had residual carcinoma after radiotherapy and 3 had recurrences between 18 months and 4 years. DNA measurements and, especially, the demonstration of epithelia with HT cells prove to be of prognostic importance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Hypertetraploid cells in vocal cord epithelia. option2: Lipoxin A-induced inhibition of human natural killer cell cytotoxicity: studies on stereospecificity of inhibition and mode of action.
Solution:
|
Hypertetraploid cells in vocal cord epithelia.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Airflow patterns in the nasal passages influence the distribution of air-pollutant-induced lesions in the airway mucosa. Little is known about airflow characteristics of the complex nasopharyngeal airway of humans and experimental animals. Airflow characteristics in the nasopharyngeal airways of an adult male baboon (13.9 kg body wt) were investigated with thermistor probes and the findings compared with flow visualization, using a cinephotographic technique. A clear, acrylic, hollow cast of a baboon nose was made, and thermistor probes were inserted to record air velocity in the cast lumen using a wind tunnel to propel air through the cast. An identical cast was studied by passing water through the cast, with pulses of dye to reveal flow, and cinephotography was used for determination of flow velocities and flow patterns. Flow rates adjusted on the basis of a Reynolds conversion showed good correlations between the two methods, whereas cinephotography revealed areas of turbulence and vortex-like flow not detected by thermistor probes. These results suggest that water flow may provide useful information in complex airways where airflow cannot be determined by other methods.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Airflow characteristics in a baboon nasal passage cast. option2: Giant basal cell carcinoma with metastases and myelophthisic anemia.
A:
|
Airflow characteristics in a baboon nasal passage cast.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: During a 6-year period, 14 of 898 patients examined at a pediatric electromyographic laboratory had a compressive mononeuropathy. These included five injuries to the peroneal nerve, four to the sciatic nerve, two to the distal radial nerve, and one each to the deep palmar branch of the ulnar nerve, the musculocutaneous nerve, and the long thoracic nerve. A potentially preventable mechanism was identified in 9 of the 14 patients, including prolonged posture in three of the four sciatic and two of the peroneal neuropathies. Four other mononeuropathies were secondary to pressure from an orthopedic appliance or procedure (one injury to the musculocutaneous nerve, one to the long thoracic nerve, two to the peroneal nerve).
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Compressive neuropathy in childhood: a report of 14 cases. option2: Avascular necrosis of the femoral head: morphologic assessment by MR imaging, with CT correlation.
A:
|
Compressive neuropathy in childhood: a report of 14 cases.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: In a stratified random sample of 320 white adults, the prevalence of puncture skin test positivity (ST +) to Lolium perenne (rye grass)-pollen extract (LPE) was 16%. Fifteen percent of all subjects (or 84% of subjects classified LPE IgE antibody positive [Ab +]) was classified IgE Ab + to highly purified Lol p I (Rye I), and 4% of all subjects (or 26% of subjects classified LPE IgE Ab +) was classified IgE Ab + to highly purified Lol p II (Rye II). These data and similar results obtained in an allergy-enriched group of 361 subjects are consistent with previous studies that Lol I is a major allergen and Lol II is a minor allergen of LPE. Whether we studied LPE, Lol I, or Lol II, responder subjects were younger than nonresponder subjects and more male than female subjects were responders. We then investigated the quantitative interrelationships among ST, IgE, and IgG Ab responsiveness to LPE, Lol I, and Lol II in the allergy-enriched group. For each allergen, log-log correlations were strong and significant for ST versus IgE Ab and for IgE Ab versus IgG Ab. All subjects IgE Ab + to Lol I or Lol II were IgG Ab + to that allergen, supporting other evidence for a commonality in the genetic control influencing the production of IgE and IgG Abs to a given allergen. Log-log correlations among ST end points, IgE Ab levels, or IgG Ab levels were strong for LPE versus either Lol I or Lol II but weak between Lol I and Lol II, consistent with the reported lack of cross-reactivity between Lol I and Lol II. Despite these findings, almost all Lol II + subjects were Lol I + by ST (98%), IgE Ab (91%), and IgG Ab (83%), suggesting that the Ia-restricted immune recognition of both these molecules is at least in part under a common genetic control.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: A study of the human immune response to Lolium perenne (rye) pollen and its components, Lol p I and Lol p II (rye I and rye II). I. Prevalence of reactivity to the allergens and correlations among skin test, IgE antibody, and IgG antibody data. option2: A single micromanipulated stem cell gives rise to multiple T-cell receptor gene rearrangements in the thymus in vitro.
Solution:
|
A study of the human immune response to Lolium perenne (rye) pollen and its components, Lol p I and Lol p II (rye I and rye II). I. Prevalence of reactivity to the allergens and correlations among skin test, IgE antibody, and IgG antibody data.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Supramaximal medial and lateral rectus surgery was performed to correct horizontal deviations in seven cases of sixth nerve palsy and three cases of third nerve palsy, with satisfactory results in most cases. The advantages and disadvantages of such procedures are discussed.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Supramaximal horizontal rectus surgery in the management of third and sixth nerve palsy. option2: Lack of acute effects of ascorbic acid on spirometry and airway responsiveness to histamine in subjects with asthma.
A:
|
Supramaximal horizontal rectus surgery in the management of third and sixth nerve palsy.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Chronic inflammation in such diseases as rheumatoid arthritis has been associated with the accumulation of iron in mononuclear phagocytes. Cigarette smoking, which also produces chronic pulmonary inflammation, may be associated with iron accumulation in alveolar macrophages (AM). We have examined the total iron content in human AM and found it to be 43.0 +/- 7.7 (mean +/- SEM) and 12.8 +/- 1.3 nmol/1 X 10(6) cells (P less than 0.01) from smokers and nonsmokers, respectively. Because the higher iron content in smokers' macrophages may reflect increased internalization, the binding and uptake of iron-saturated transferrin was examined in cells from smokers and nonsmokers. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups. The smoking-related alteration in iron content may instead reflect differences in the fate of internalized iron. Iron internalized by AM as iron 59 initially bound to transferrin was distributed to a cytoplasmic, largely ferritin-associated, pool more slowly in smokers than in nonsmokers, during a 24-hour incubation in vitro. Significantly less newly internalized iron was returned to the culture medium by AM from smokers, which by 24 hours had released 11.0% +/- 3.7% of the initially internalized 59Fe compared with 36.0% +/- 2.3% for nonsmokers (P less than 0.01). The increased accumulation of iron by AM in the alveolar space of smokers may modulate hydroxyl radical production in the microenvironment of these cells.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Iron binding, internalization, and fate in human alveolar macrophages. option2: Traumatic aneurysm of the extracranial vertebral artery.
A:
|
Iron binding, internalization, and fate in human alveolar macrophages.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The relationship between airway responsiveness to inhaled antigen and histamine, immunologic release of lung histamine, immunologic responsiveness of skin, and specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies were examined in 11 inbred allergic dogs immunized with extracts of ragweed and grass and 5 nonimmunized control dogs from the same colony. Airway responsiveness to antigen and histamine was characterized by the doses that increased the airflow resistance of the total respiratory system to twice the control values (ED200). Highly significant correlations were found between airway responsiveness and cutaneous responsiveness to antigen and other immunologic characteristics (e.g., IgE and histamine released from lung by inhaled antigen) in all dogs. In ragweed-sensitized dogs, there was an inverse correlation between immunologic responsiveness (reflected by the cutaneous response to antigen and histamine released from lung by inhaled antigen) and nonimmunologic responsiveness of airways (histamine ED200: r = 0.73, P less than 0.05 and r = 0.75, P less than 0.01, respectively). Antigen ED200 was also correlated with histamine release from lung after antigen inhalation (r = 0.74; P less than 0.01). We conclude that airway reactions to inhaled antigen in allergic dogs are dependent not only on immunologic factors but also on the degree of nonimmunologic airway responsiveness to histamine and that these factors are correlated inversely.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Immunologic and nonimmunologic responsiveness in ragweed-sensitized dogs. option2: The facts of Kathmandu: squatter's palsy [letter]
|
Immunologic and nonimmunologic responsiveness in ragweed-sensitized dogs.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: A limited clinical trial of Interferon-beta (Human Fibroblast Interferon) in the treatment of advanced, hormone-refractory prostate cancer was conducted by the National Prostate Cancer Project (NPCP Protocol 2100). Sixteen patients with metastatic prostate cancer who had failed prior hormone therapy were entered into the study. Treatment consisted of 6 X 10(6) units of Interferon-beta intravenously three times per week for 12 weeks. Chills and fever were seen in ten of the 16 patients (62.5%), and mild hematologic toxicity occurred in four patients. No complete or partial responses were observed. Three patients had stable disease by NPCP criteria for a mean duration of 6.3 months. Progression of disease was seen in 13 of the 16 patients, eight of whom progressed during therapy. The results of this study suggest that Interferon-beta has limited efficacy in the treatment of advanced, hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Interferon-beta treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. option2: Neurovascular entrapment in the regions of the shoulder and posterior triangle of the neck.
Student:
|
Interferon-beta treatment of metastatic prostate cancer.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Over the last two decades, emergency medical services in the United States have been greatly improved. Organization of prehospital providers of health care has improved the outcome of many patients, particularly the trauma patient and the acute cardiac patient. In Seattle as many as 40% of outside-the-hospital cardiac arrest victims with ventricular fibrillation have been saved when there is rapid delivery of basic life support by first responders followed by advanced life support by paramedics. Although these systems are growing and improving health care, many lack adequate medical control or physician involvement. Emergency medical service systems must have physicians involved in their management to meet their full capabilities. It has become apparent that four factors are critical in determining the ability to resuscitate an individual once a cardiac arrest has occurred: time to starting any of the rescue procedures, use of electrical defibrillation when indicated, use of epinephrine, and adequacy of the technique of basic life support, particularly the ventilation component. To provide defibrillation at the earliest possible time, defibrillation by first responders such as emergency medical technicians appears to be of benefit. With the advent of automatic and semiautomatic defibrillators, first responders and family members may also be able to defibrillate victims. The use of defibrillation by people with less training than paramedics, however, must be approached with caution to ensure that there is adequate medical control and that the individuals who use these devices are properly trained.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Emergency medical service systems in acute cardiac care: state of the art. option2: IgG antinuclear antibodies with cross-reactive rheumatoid factor activity.
A:
|
Emergency medical service systems in acute cardiac care: state of the art.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Patients who had undergone proximal selective vagotomy and who had severe postprandial dumping symptoms took in less food, energy, and nutrients than those who were mildly symptomatic or who were healthy.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Dietary habits in patients with dumping syndrome-like symptoms after proximal selective vagotomy. option2: Nuclear safety: NRC investigates Seabrook [news]
A:
|
Dietary habits in patients with dumping syndrome-like symptoms after proximal selective vagotomy.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: The purpose of this study was to add to the limited information available regarding the pharmacology of ritodrine in the peripartum period when treatment fails and labor is not inhibited. Plasma or urine samples from eight parturients and 13 infants were studied; in addition plasma samples at delivery were obtained from a total of 26 mothers and infants. All the mothers received ritodrine in the 24 hours before delivery. Plasma and urine ritodrine (free and conjugated) were determined with HPLC by electrochemical detection. In maternal plasma, an apparent rapid distribution phase with a t1/2 of 32 +/- 21 minutes was followed by a prolonged equilibrium phase with a t1/2 of 17 +/- 10 hours. Seventy-six percent of the ritodrine excreted by the mother was in the form of a conjugate. Ninety percent of the ritodrine excreted by the neonate was also excreted in the form of a conjugate.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Ritodrine pharmacokinetics. option2: Umbilical cord bilirubin levels as a predictor of subsequent hyperbilirubinemia.
Output:
|
Ritodrine pharmacokinetics.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: A comparison of hospitalized epileptic patients with matched normals showed that the mean whole blood manganese (Mn) concentration of the epileptic population was significantly lower than the mean of the normal population. The whole blood Mn concentration in the epileptics did not correlate either with seizure frequency or with anticonvulsant therapy. It was observed, however, that patients whose epilepsy was a result of trauma had significantly higher blood Mn concentrations than patients whose history was negative for trauma.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Association of low blood manganese concentrations with epilepsy. option2: Alcoholism: the missed diagnosis.
Output:
|
Association of low blood manganese concentrations with epilepsy.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Methods of delivery, maternal and neonatal characteristics were examined to determine their role in the occurrence of Erb/Duchenne's palsy. Data from 210,947 Washington state birth certificates from 1980 through 1982 were examined. The incidence was 50.2 cases of Erb's palsy per 100,000 live births. A case control study design was used to analyze 106 cases and 386 controls by both univariable and multivariable analysis. Birth weight was shown to be a significant risk factor regardless of which method of delivery was used. A high birth weight infant (4001-4500 g) had 2.5 times the risk of incurring an upper brachial plexus injury compared with normal size infants (2501-4000 g). The risk for infants greater than 4500 g increased another tenfold (OR = 21.0). When birth weight was controlled for in the analysis, midforceps (OR = 18.3), vacuum extraction (OR = 17.2), and low forceps (OR = 3.7) remained significantly associated with the Erb's palsy. Delivery by cesarean section was associated with a significant protective effect (OR = 0.5) compared with instrumental vaginal delivery. These data demonstrate a high risk for serious birth injury associated with instrumental midpelvic delivery.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Erb/Duchenne's palsy: a consequence of fetal macrosomia and method of delivery. option2: Infarction of the quadriceps muscle: a complication of diabetic vasculopathy.
A:
|
Erb/Duchenne's palsy: a consequence of fetal macrosomia and method of delivery.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Of 21 patients with clinically definite hypokalemic, hyperkalemic, or normokalemic periodic paralysis, 15 (71%) had a greater than normal increase in compound muscle action potential amplitude during 2-5 minutes of intermittent strong voluntary contraction of the muscle. This increase was followed by a progressive decline in amplitude, which was greater than in a control population and which was most rapid during the first 20 minutes after exercise. The amplitude often decreased to a level below the preexercise level. A similar response was seen in six of nine patients with periodic paralysis secondary to disorders such as thyrotoxicosis. This test may have value in the identification of patients with periodic paralysis.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The exercise test in periodic paralysis. option2: Rate of spinal trabecular bone loss in normal perimenopausal women: CT measurement.
Output:
|
The exercise test in periodic paralysis.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Chondrosarcoma of the temporal bone is a rare lesion. Clinically it has been confused with multiple sclerosis, glomus jugulare tumors, meningioma, and chordomas. The cranial nerve palsies frequently observed with the tumors are related to the anatomic locations of the tumors. Thirteen patients with this entity are presented and the eleven other cases in the literature are reviewed. Histologically the tumors are low grade and exhibit myxoid features. The myxoid features must be differentiated from chordoma and chondroid chordoma. The tumor locations preclude surgical excision and conventional radiation therapy can cause unacceptable neurologic sequelae. Proton beam therapy has been effective in short-term results and appears capable of avoiding serious neurologic side effects.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Chondrosarcoma of the temporal bone. Diagnosis and treatment of 13 cases and review of the literature. option2: Treatment of dementia in a medical day care program.
Output:
|
Chondrosarcoma of the temporal bone. Diagnosis and treatment of 13 cases and review of the literature.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: Coronary dissection and total coronary occlusion leading to emergency coronary surgery are the most frequent complications of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and their occurrence usually is unpredictable. To identify angiographic characteristics of coronary stenoses that may affect the incidence of these complications, the diagnostic pre-PTCA coronary angiograms of 38 consecutive patients (group I) undergoing emergency coronary surgery for dissection or occlusion were reviewed and compared with the angiograms of a random sample of 38 patients (stratified for left anterior descending and right coronary arteries) from a group of 1151 who did not need emergency coronary surgery (group II). Stenosis morphology before angioplasty was considered "complicated" if at least one of the following criteria was present: irregular borders, intraluminal lucency, and localization of stenosis in curve or at bifurcation. Baseline characteristics, maximum inflation pressures, types of balloon catheters used, and routinely registered angiographic stenosis properties (severity, length, eccentricity, and calcification) were similar in both groups. Irregular borders before PTCA were present in 22 of 38 patients in group I vs 10 of 38 in group II (p less than .05), intraluminal lucency in 22 of 38 vs nine of 38 (p less than .05), localization in curve in 27 of 38 pts vs 16 of 38 (p less than .05), and localization at bifurcation in 11 of 38 vs 15 of 38 (NS). Complicated angiographic morphology of coronary stenosis may represent a risk factor for dissection or occlusion. Therefore, although the predictive value of these findings is low, detailed evaluation of angiographic morphology of coronary stenoses may improve patient selection and reduce complication rates of PTCA.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Coronary dissection and total coronary occlusion associated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: significance of initial angiographic morphology of coronary stenoses. option2: Prazosin treatment suppresses increased vascular permeability in both acute and passively transferred experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat.
Solution:
|
Coronary dissection and total coronary occlusion associated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: significance of initial angiographic morphology of coronary stenoses.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: We report a case of a small infant apparently dying of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) with a postmortem blood dicyclomine level of 200 ng/mL. Review of the literature and the comparison with blood dicyclomine values from four rabbits given equivalent doses suggests that a blood dicyclomine value of 200 ng/mL probably is in the therapeutic range for infants. Although safely used for years for infantile colic, recently, the administration of dicyclomine has been related to acute episodes of apnea, seizures, and coma. In the absence of those acute reactions, we feel that a 200-ng/mL blood dicyclomine level in a child dying of apparent SIDS should not prevent categorization of the death as SIDS.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Dicyclomine in the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)--a cause of death or an incidental finding? option2: Models of spinal cord injury: Part 2. A mathematical model.
Solution:
|
Dicyclomine in the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)--a cause of death or an incidental finding?
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Trace metal ratios in human bones were examined to determine if there were ratios that were sufficiently consistent within an individual yet varying sufficiently from the bones of another individual so that bones in a mixed grave could be reassembled. The concentrations of 21 elements sampled at 54 places on 30 human bones in each of 5 skeletons indicated that the magnesium/zinc ratio was the most reliable and that the zinc/sodium, magnesium/sodium, and chromium/sodium ratios could be used as supplements to help reassemble human bones belonging to the same individual after all standard techniques had been used.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Reassembling scattered and mixed human bones by trace element ratios. option2: Quality of life in patients 2 to 4 years after closed head injury.
Output:
|
Reassembling scattered and mixed human bones by trace element ratios.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: To assess the influence of time on the inducibility by programmed electrical stimulation of ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction, 18 patients were studied on day 5 and day 24 after infarction with a stimulation protocol employing a maximum of three right ventricular extrastimuli during sinus rhythm and at three paced cycle lengths. All patients were without documented sustained ventricular arrhythmia (sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation) before the investigation. Sustained ventricular arrhythmia was induced in two patients on day 5, but in nine on day 24 after infarction. This difference in incidence was statistically significant (p less than 0.05), as was the change in the distribution ratio of induced sustained ventricular arrhythmia from day 5 to day 24 (p less than 0.05). The types of arrhythmia induced on day 24 were sustained ventricular tachycardia with a mean cycle length of 207 ms in six cases (five monomorphic, one polymorphic), and ventricular fibrillation in three cases. These nine patients did not differ from the remaining nine patients in maximal serum creatine kinase, infarct site, number of stenosed coronary arteries, global left ventricular ejection fraction (47 +/- 7% versus 46 +/- 10%) and results of 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) monitoring, but they had a significantly shorter right ventricular effective refractory period (223 +/- 10 ms versus 259 +/- 28 ms; p less than 0.05). During the follow-up period of 24 +/-5 months no patient died, had syncopal attacks or developed spontaneous episodes of sustained ventricular arrhythmia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Significance of timing programmed electrical stimulation after acute myocardial infarction. option2: Coping with entitlement in medical education.
|
Significance of timing programmed electrical stimulation after acute myocardial infarction.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: Both heparin and fibrinolytic agents carry a risk of bleeding. Because of their beneficial effects in restoring vessel patency, we prefer the use of fibrinolytic agents in patients with acute deep vein thrombosis unless there is some specific contraindication. With the treatment regimen we have outlined, the risk of bleeding is extremely low. We have found that the long-term results achieved with streptokinase therapy are excellent, and normal venous hemodynamics can be restored quickly and effectively.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis with fibrinolytic agents. option2: Management of urinomas by percutaneous drainage procedures.
Student:
|
Treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis with fibrinolytic agents.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: The ICU records of 31 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were reviewed. Of 23 (74%) patients admitted for respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation, 20 (87%) patients had Pneumocystis carinii and/or cytomegalovirus pneumonia. Of the eight patients admitted without respiratory failure, five (63%) were monitored after brain biopsy. Respiratory failure patients remained in the ICU for 10 +/- 1 days, compared to 5 +/- 1 days for those without respiratory failure (p less than .05). Overall mortality was 24 patients (77%); 21 (91%) of 23 respiratory failure patients died, compared to three (38%) of the eight without respiratory failure (p less than .01). All seven ICU survivors lived to hospital discharge.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: ICU survival of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. option2: High-functioning multiple personality patients. Three cases.
Output:
|
ICU survival of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: A 4 1/2-month-old, white girl was admitted to the hospital with respiratory distress and persistent polymicrobial bacteremia. Cystic fibrosis associated with malnutrition and a transient defect in peripheral neutrophil chemotaxis was diagnosed. This remarkable combination of presenting features in a patient with cystic fibrosis is the focus of this case report.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Polymicrobial bacterial sepsis and defective neutrophil chemotaxis in an infant with cystic fibrosis. option2: Short latency somatosensory-evoked potentials in children--Part 3. Findings following head injury.
A:
|
Polymicrobial bacterial sepsis and defective neutrophil chemotaxis in an infant with cystic fibrosis.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) was used to investigate trace element patterns in serum, packed cells, and dialysate of CAPD patients. The concentrations of the elements Cs, Cu, Fe, and Mn in serum and packed cells appeared to be maintained within the normal range, while the levels of the non-essential element Br in both serum and packed cells were subnormal. The serum Cr values were extremely high (20 to 50 times higher than the normal serum level). The amount of Cr absorbed from the dialysate was calculated to be ten times higher than the daily dietary uptake. The Co concentrations were normal in packed cells but were significantly increased in serum. The Rb content in packed cells was slightly lower than normal, while the serum value was normal. Se was maintained within the normal range in packed cells, but the serum concentration was slightly lower than normal. The concentrations of Zn were low in serum and appeared to be higher than normal in packed cells. In conclusion, this analysis of the trace element status of CAPD patients reveals two major abnormalities. There is an apparent loss of Br from the blood towards the dialysate and on the other hand, a dramatic accumulation of Cr into the blood as a result of the very high Cr content in the dialysate.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Trace elements in serum, packed cells, and dialysate of CAPD patients. option2: Are the holidays hazardous to your patients' health? [editorial]
A:
|
Trace elements in serum, packed cells, and dialysate of CAPD patients.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: We conducted a randomized trial comparing a high (120 mg/m2 day 1) v a standard (60 mg/m2 day 1) dose of cisplatin in combination with etoposide (120 mg/m2 days 3, 5, and 7) in advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Two hundred forty-one patients were evaluable for survival and 207 for response. We obtained a 25% objective response rate in the standard-dose arm and 29% in the high-dose arm; this difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant improvement in the overall survival or survival of responders with the high-dose regimen. However, toxicity (mainly myelosuppression) was significantly increased in the patients receiving the higher dose of cisplatin. An analysis of prognostic factors showed that disease progression, loss of body weight, performance status, and prior therapy were predictive parameters of survival.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: A randomized study comparing a high and a standard dose of cisplatin in combination with etoposide in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma. option2: Linolenate metabolism [letter]
Output:
|
A randomized study comparing a high and a standard dose of cisplatin in combination with etoposide in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Traditional therapy for malignant pleural effusions includes thoracentesis or tube drainage with instillation of irritants to achieve pleurodesis. This can require a lengthy hospitalization, causes pain and discomfort, and has an appreciable failure rate. Because of these drawbacks, the authors used a shunting device to transfer fluid to the peritoneal cavity in 17 patients with malignant pleural effusions. Eleven patients had undergone previous therapeutic thoracenteses and three had chest tube placement with failed sclerosis. The shunt was a subcutaneous valved pump chamber with attached pleural and peritoneal catheters, which used manual compression to transfer fluid against the normal abdominal/pleural pressure gradient. Operative placement under local or general anesthesia was performed without complication. Five patients achieved minimal benefit, either because of moribund status or their inability to compress the pump effectively. In the other 12 patients, there was radiographic evidence of diminished or stabilized pleural effusion; respiratory symptoms were effectively palliated, and no further treatment for their effusion was required. Peritoneal dissemination of malignant cells has not been clinically detected. We feel that pleuroperitoneal shunting is a valid new method for treatment of malignant pleural effusions which can effectively palliate respiratory symptoms with low morbidity. Advantages include the absence of external tubing and the possibility for only a short hospitalization or even outpatient placement. Shunting is applicable for patients who are able to perform the requisite pumping and is particularly suitable for those with trapped lungs or who have failed attempted pleural sclerosis.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Pleuroperitoneal shunting for malignant pleural effusions. option2: The institutionalization of geriatrics.
A:
|
Pleuroperitoneal shunting for malignant pleural effusions.
| 7
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The occurrence of fever during various blood purification methods was evaluated in a retrospective study. It could be demonstrated, that patients treated chronically by conventional hemodialysis experience six times more febrile episodes than patients on chronic hemofiltration (4.84% versus 0.81%). Since many of the increased temperatures could not be explained by conventional means, it has to be assumed that the treatment itself caused the fever, possibly activating the monocyte hormone interleukin 1. It is of further note that there was no difference in the magnitude of the temperature due to septicaemia or to no obvious cause. This finding necessitates in our opinion an early antibiotic therapy in those cases where fever develops without clear explanation.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The occurrence of fever during hemodialysis and hemofiltration. A comparative study. option2: Elevated atypical creatine kinases [letter]
|
The occurrence of fever during hemodialysis and hemofiltration. A comparative study.
| 5
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The IgG and IgM specific antibodies against a panel of 23 anaerobic gut bacteria were examined in Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and healthy controls. Four of the organisms, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Coprococcus comes (ME46), Coprococcus comes (Sp4), and Eubacterium limosum gave abnormal antibody titres in Crohn's disease compared with those of controls. In Crohn's disease specific IgG antibodies to three of the organisms were low and the IgM antibodies were higher than those of controls. IgM antibodies were also raised in ulcerative colitis. Antigenic cross reactivity could be shown between some of these organisms. The possible clinical importance of these abnormal antibody responses to specific organisms is unexplained.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Antibody response to anaerobic coccoid rods in Crohn's disease. option2: Hypodiploid hemopoietic precursors in myelodysplastic syndromes [letter]
|
Antibody response to anaerobic coccoid rods in Crohn's disease.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The influence of the peptide chain length of partial enzymic hydrolysates of protein on nitrogen and amino acid absorption was studied in 12 subjects using a jejunal perfusion technique. Three hydrolysates of egg white and an equivalent amino acid mixture were perfused at 30 mmol/L and 100 mmol/L in two separate experiments. Two hydrolysates (OH1 and OH2) contained mainly dipeptides and tripeptides, whereas the third (OH3) comprised tripeptide to pentapeptides as judged chromatographically. Nitrogen absorption was significantly slower from the higher chain length mixture, OH3, than from the short chain mixtures, OH1 and OH2, at both concentrations. Similarly, several amino acid residues were absorbed less well from OH3 than from OH1 and OH2. These data demonstrate that the chain length of heterogeneous mixtures of peptides affects absorption of nitrogen and individual amino acid residues, and suggest that brush border hydrolysis of tetrapeptides and pentapeptides limits absorption from enzymic hydrolysates of protein which simulate the composition of the postprandial luminal contents.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Effect of peptide chain length on absorption of egg protein hydrolysates in the normal human jejunum. option2: Acute manic psychosis following the dermal application of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) in an adult.
Output:
|
Effect of peptide chain length on absorption of egg protein hydrolysates in the normal human jejunum.
| 1
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: A review of the authors' experience on the use of Fluosol DA. This includes studies on animals and also clinical trials on patients.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Development and clinical application of perfluorochemical artificial blood. option2: The physician's stake in animal research [letter]
A:
|
Development and clinical application of perfluorochemical artificial blood.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Surgical therapy for DVT in the legs, including reconstruction of the blood circulation system and thrombectomy with a Fogarty catheter, is not always satisfactory, as indicated by the variety of opinions both for and against them. However, it is also a fact that postphlebitic syndrome can result from incomplete treatment. Therefore, surgical approaches should by given priority in the acute stage of the disease. In 5 patients who showed either complete obstruction or insufficient removal of thrombi from the proximal region in leg DVT, we performed crossover femoro-femoral bypass using EPTFE (including two wire reinforced grafts) and were able to obtain good long-term patency over periods of 8-18 months.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Reconstruction with insertion of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (EPTFE) for iliac venous obstruction. option2: CAPS: an office management program.
Output:
|
Reconstruction with insertion of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (EPTFE) for iliac venous obstruction.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: 17 beta-Estradiol increases the growth rate of GH4C1 cells with a half-maximally effective concentration (EC50) that is about 10-fold less than the EC50 for the stimulation of PRL production. We have examined the effects of five other estrogens: estriol, estrone, 17 alpha-estradiol, and the metabolism-resistant analogs ethynyl estradiol and moxestrol. All were full agonists for both effects, and all were more potent for the stimulation of cell growth than for stimulation of PRL production. The order of analog potency for both biological effects was the same as the order of potency for inhibiting saturable [3H]estradiol binding to intact cells. Therefore, both biological effects appear to be mediated through the same receptor, and metabolism of 17 beta-estradiol is unlikely to account for the difference in the concentrations required to elicit the two effects. We selected two estrogen-responsive clones from a cDNA library made from GH4C1 cells. The clones were chosen because they were induced at the estrogen concentrations that stimulate growth. Estradiol caused maximal stimulation of the mRNAs corresponding to the two recombinant clones at 10(-10) M, a concentration over 10-fold lower than that required for maximal stimulation of PRL mRNA. These data indicate that a difference in sensitivity to estrogen occurs at the level of mRNA accumulation as well as at the level of the biological responses.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Regulation of prolactin production and cell growth by estradiol: difference in sensitivity to estradiol occurs at level of messenger ribonucleic acid accumulation. option2: In vivo versus in vitro labeling of red blood cells in hepatic cavernous hemangioma [letter]
|
Regulation of prolactin production and cell growth by estradiol: difference in sensitivity to estradiol occurs at level of messenger ribonucleic acid accumulation.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: In paralytic lesions in which the triceps surae is the only active muscle in the leg, elongation or division of the tendo calcaneus alone may not be enough to prevent recurrence of equinus deformity. In 10 patients (13 limbs) with this pattern of muscle activity, equinus deformity was treated by hemitransplantation of the tendo calcaneus. At follow-up, which was beyond the end of growth in seven limbs, there was no recurrence of deformity in nine. In three of the four failures, a technical fault may have caused loss of activity in the transplanted part of the tendon. The two-stage operation described is recommended in the management of this pattern of paralytic deformity.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Hemitransplantation of the tendo calcaneus in children with spinal neurological disorders. option2: Digital subtraction angiography.
Output:
|
Hemitransplantation of the tendo calcaneus in children with spinal neurological disorders.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Seventy-five patients, 80-90 years old, each having approximately three associated diseases, underwent a total of 104 gastrointestinal endoscopies. Of these, 73 were upper (29 emergencies) and 31 lower endoscopies (21 were rigid sigmoidoscopies). There were two very mild short-lived complications; vomiting and bleeding. We found 16 gastric ulcers, 16 duodenal or pyloric ulcers, and 11 cases of esophagitis. Bleeding duodenal (8) or gastric (4) ulcers and polyps or malignant tumors (7) were seen less often. In 34 of 68 lesions the endoscopic and x-ray findings were the same. In the other 34 there were 10 endoscopic failures to identify colonic diverticula, hiatus hernia, and gastroesophageal reflux that were seen radiologically. In 24 patients, diagnoses were not made radiologically, but were recognized at endoscopy. The safety and accuracy of endoscopy in the old and sick does not differ from that in younger patients.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Gastrointestinal endoscopy in octagenarians. option2: Japan: body light points to health [news]
|
Gastrointestinal endoscopy in octagenarians.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: Metabolic acidosis (MA) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of both osteomalacia and osteopenia. Alterations in the secretion of parathyroid hormone and in the metabolism of vitamin D may contribute to such skeletal changes. To minimize the influence of these factors, quantitative bone histology and measurements of bone formation using double tetracycline labeling were done in thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats with MA induced by ammonium chloride (TPTX-A), and in both non-acidotic TPTX (TPTX-C) and intact (C) controls. To evaluate the response of both cortical and trabecular bone to MA, histologic studies were done at three separate sites in the tibia, cortical bone from the mid-shaft, and trabecular bone from the epiphysis and from the metaphysis. Plasma pH was lower in TPTX-A, 7.24 +/- 0.10, than in either TPTX-C, 7.39 +/- 0.03, or C, 7.43 +/- 0.04, P less than 0.01, and urinary hydroxyproline excretion increased from 89.8 +/- 8.7 in TPTX-C to 150.2 +/- 25.9 micrograms/mg/creatinine in TPTX-A, P less than 0.01. Resorption surface at the epiphysis increased from 1.8 +/- 0.6% in TPTX-C to 4.0 +/- 1.6% in TPTX-A, P less than 0.05, values not different from those in C, 3.1 +/- 1.1%. Resorption surface was unchanged at other skeletal sites, but total bone volume at the metaphysis fell from 15.5 +/- 5.6% in TPTX-C to 9.0 +/- 4.3% in TPTX-A, P less than 0.05. Bone formation was reduced at each skeletal site in TPTX-A vs. TPTX-C, P less than 0.05 for all values, but histologic evidence of osteomalacia was not observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The effects of metabolic acidosis on bone formation and bone resorption in the rat. option2: Influenza update.
Student:
|
The effects of metabolic acidosis on bone formation and bone resorption in the rat.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: These studies were designed to characterize constitutive steroidogenesis in Leydig tumor cells. Constitutive steroidogenesis was investigated by comparing constitutively active R2C Leydig tumor cells to trophic hormone-responsive MA-10 Leydig tumor cells. Unlike the MA-10 cells, R2C cells appeared to synthesize steroid hormones independently of the cAMP-protein kinase pathway. Although the adenylate cyclase of R2C cells could be stimulated in the expected manner by cholera toxin, cAMP concentrations in these cells were low, and R2C cell steroidogenesis could be dissociated from other cAMP-dependent processes. Two cAMP-dependent processes in steroidogenic cells, protein kinase activation and lactate formation, showed low basal activities in R2C cells and could be stimulated by (Bu)2cAMP with a dose dependence similar to that detected in MA-10 cells. Steroid hormone biosynthesis parallelled these other cAMP-dependent processes in MA-10 cells, but not in R2C cells. Cycloheximide, however, caused similar dose-dependent inhibition of steroidogenesis in both the R2C and MA-10 cells. Using a cell component bioassay, it was shown that R2C cells constitutively synthesize an extramitochondrial cycloheximide-sensitive factor that is functionally identical to the factor produced in response to hCG in MA-10 cells. This factor enhanced mitochondrial pregnenolone biosynthesis. Thus, constitutive steroidogenesis in R2C cells could be explained by the cAMP-independent but cycloheximide-sensitive constitutive production of an extramitochondrial factor that activated mitochondrial pregnenolone biosynthesis.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Constitutive steroidogenesis in the R2C Leydig tumor cell line is maintained by the adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-independent production of a cycloheximide-sensitive factor that enhances mitochondrial pregnenolone biosynthesis. option2: Sex-specific criteria for interpretation of thallium-201 myocardial uptake and washout studies.
A:
|
Constitutive steroidogenesis in the R2C Leydig tumor cell line is maintained by the adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-independent production of a cycloheximide-sensitive factor that enhances mitochondrial pregnenolone biosynthesis.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: We measured serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations in 18 patients with renal cell carcinoma-associated hypercalcemia. Only 2 patients (11%) had low serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (less than 15 pg/ml) levels, and the mean 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level in the 18 patients was 44 +/- 30 (+/- SD) pg/ml, not different from the value of 42 +/- 22 pg/ml in 75 age-matched normocalcemic patients with various malignancies. Eighty-seven percent (26 of 30) of the hypercalcemic patients with extensive skeletal metastases due to other malignancies or with hematological malignancies had suppressed serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels (less than 15 pg/ml). In hypercalcemic patients with other malignancies and no skeletal metastases, only 54% (21 of 39) had low serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels. The mean serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level in the latter group was 21 +/- 26 pg/ml, significantly lower than that in normocalcemic patients. In renal cell carcinoma-associated hypercalcemia, suppression of circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations is uncommon.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations in patients with renal cell carcinoma-associated hypercalcemia are rarely suppressed. option2: Motor amplitude measurement errors--foiled by a millimeter ruler.
Output:
|
Circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations in patients with renal cell carcinoma-associated hypercalcemia are rarely suppressed.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: The development of mouse and human embryos was assessed in human amniotic fluid to determine its suitability as a culture medium for human in vitro fertilization (IVF). Two-cell mouse embryos developed to blastocysts after 72 hours at rates similar to that in Whittingham's T6 + 10% fetal calf serum. Significantly more mouse embryos hatched in amniotic fluid. No difference was found between individual patient's amniotic fluids obtained at 16 to 21 weeks' gestation. A preliminary trial comparing amniotic fluid with T6 + maternal serum in human IVF showed no significant difference in fertilization rate and embryo development during 42 to 48 hours in vitro. Expanded blastocysts were obtained in amniotic fluid after 5 days in vitro. Four pregnancies were obtained in 9 patients' transferred embryos grown in amniotic fluid and with 2 or 12 patients' transferred embryos grown in T6 + maternal serum.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The successful use of human amniotic fluid for mouse embryo culture and human in vitro fertilization, embryo culture, and transfer. option2: National survey of writers of dean's letters for residency applications.
Solution:
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The successful use of human amniotic fluid for mouse embryo culture and human in vitro fertilization, embryo culture, and transfer.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Sequential development of Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes from a noninfective to an infective stage was demonstrated. The generation of infective forms was related to their growth cycle and restricted to stationary stage organisms. Using immunofluorescence techniques, we have noticed that the binding of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against L. braziliensis (VD5/25) increased progressively as the promastigotes developed in culture and was maximal with the infective forms. This antigenic differentiation was not detected with an anti-L. braziliensis polyclonal rabbit antiserum, suggesting that only a few epitopes, including that recognized by VD5/25, have their expression effectively increased on the surface of infective promastigotes. Immunoprecipitation of lysates of surface-iodinated L. braziliensis promastigotes with this mAb revealed two proteins of apparent 65,000 and 50,000 Mr, the 50,000 Mr protein probably representing the unreduced form of the major surface glycoprotein described in several species of Leishmania (GP65). The increasing expression of this epitope was not found with L. chagasi promastigotes, but seems to occur with the parasites from the L. mexicana complex. Intracellular survival of L. braziliensis was completely inhibited when the infective promastigotes were treated with VD5/25. It appears, therefore, that the increasing expression of GP65 on the promastigote surface represents an essential mechanism of leishmania survival in the macrophage.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Infectivity of Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes is dependent on the increasing expression of a 65,000-dalton surface antigen. option2: A cell surface molecule distributed in a dorsoventral gradient in the perinatal rat retina [published erratum appears in Nature 1987 Jan 15-21:284]
A:
|
Infectivity of Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes is dependent on the increasing expression of a 65,000-dalton surface antigen.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: A prospective clinical trial was conducted to estimate the rise in serum glucose level after an intravenous bolus of 50 ml of 50% dextrose solution (D-50) in the emergency department setting. Fifty one subjects with altered levels of consciousness were studied. Of these, 23 patients were known diabetics, and 28 were not diabetic. The change in glucose level for the total study group ranged from a low of 37 mg/dl to a high of 370 mg/dl, with a mean of 166 +/- 77 mg/dl. The mean for the diabetic and non-diabetic groups were 177 +/- 80 mg/dl and 154 +/- 75 mg/dl. These results suggest that serum glucose levels cannot be quantitatively predicted after a single intravenous bolus of D-50.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Serum glucose changes after administration of 50% dextrose solution: pre- and in-hospital calculations. option2: Recognition of protein apparently specific to odontogenic keratocyst fluids.
A:
|
Serum glucose changes after administration of 50% dextrose solution: pre- and in-hospital calculations.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: We examined the occurrence of crystals and casts in the urine of healthy subjects after administration of triamterene and the site of crystal formation in experimental animals. Twenty out of twenty healthy subjects had abundant triamterene crystals and casts in acid urine after receiving a single 100 mg dose. Casts were present in the urine from 2-11 hours after administration of the diuretic. Cast formation occurred in acidic urine and was prevented by alkalinization of the urine with potassium citrate. Animal studies showed that crystallization and cast formation occurred in the medullary and papillary collecting ducts of the rat kidney. These findings provide a possible explanation for the reported nephrotoxicity of triamterene, particularly when given to patients who are receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Triamterene-induced crystalluria and cylinduria: clinical and experimental studies. option2: Anhidrosis and absence of sweat glands in mice hemizygous for the Tabby gene: supportive evidence for the hypothesis of homology between Tabby and human anhidrotic (hypohidrotic) ectodermal dysplasia (Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome).
|
Triamterene-induced crystalluria and cylinduria: clinical and experimental studies.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Both halothane and nitrous oxide can be reduced at the cathode of a polarographic oxygen electrode, causing the electrode current to drift upward and report falsely high oxygen tension. Because transcutaneous oxygen tension is measured by a heated oxygen electrode, there is a potential for significant upward drift of these values. To examine the clinical significance of this drift, the following study was performed. Transcutaneous oxygen tension sensors were calibrated at oxygen tensions of 0 mm Hg and 157 mm Hg (room air) just before clinical use during anesthesia. This calibration was rechecked immediately upon removal of the sensor from the patient at the end of the anesthesia. The predominant anesthetic agent used and the duration of monitoring were noted from the record. Data were collected from 208 patients representing a total of 463.6 hours of anesthesia. The patients were divided into five groups based on anesthetic administered: halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, nitrous oxide-narcotic, and local/regional. The mean zero point recalibration value was 0.4 mm Hg or less for all agents except halothane, for which it was 1.8 +/- 3.2 mm Hg. This halothane drift was significantly greater than that for the other agents (P less than 0.01). Room air recalibration was not significantly different in any of the five groups, varying from 160 +/- 4.9 mm Hg for halothane to 157 +/- 4.9 mm Hg for enflurane. All these drift values are within the manufacturer's specifications. We conclude that the drift of the transcutaneous oxygen tension sensor due to anesthetic agents is not clinically significant. However, caution should be exercised when halothane is used during an extremely long period of anesthesia.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Effects of anesthetic agents on the drift of a transcutaneous oxygen tension sensor. option2: Immunoblot analysis of circulating antibodies against muscle proteins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurologic diseases.
|
Effects of anesthetic agents on the drift of a transcutaneous oxygen tension sensor.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Following nephrectomy and acute potassium loading, animals previously maintained on a high potassium diet have a smaller increment in plasma potassium than do animals on a control diet. The mechanism of this "extrarenal potassium adaptation" is not known. To explore the role of potassium depletion in this process, we studied rats adapted to either a high potassium (HK) or control (C) diet. When dietary potassium was withdrawn, urinary potassium losses in HK rats greatly exceeded those in C rats for at least two days, leading to greater potassium depletion in HK than C animals. A smaller increment in plasma potassium in HK compared to C rats was seen only after prolonged fasting preceded nephrectomy and acute potassium loading. Correction of potassium depletion incurred during fasting abolished extrarenal potassium adaptation. We conclude: after withdrawal of dietary potassium, urinary potassium losses are much greater in HK than in C rats; if the duration of dietary potassium deprivation is sufficient, these urinary potassium losses will cause potassium-adapted animals to paradoxically become more potassium depleted than controls; and this paradoxical potassium depletion may be responsible for extrarenal potassium adaptation.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Paradoxical potassium depletion: a renal mechanism for extrarenal potassium adaptation. option2: A point-source epidemic of leptospirosis. Description of cases, cause, and prevention.
|
Paradoxical potassium depletion: a renal mechanism for extrarenal potassium adaptation.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: When strips of human skeletal muscle from biopsies of normal children and donors with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are explanted in organotypic coculture with fetal mouse spinal cord, many regenerating muscle fibers develop, become innervated, and maintain a remarkable degree of mature structure and function for more than 3-6 months in vitro. Sequential light microscopy in correlation with electron-microscopic and electrophysiologic analyses showed that despite cross-species innervation, these human muscle fibers develop stable cross-striations, peripherally positioned myonuclei, and mature, functional motor endplates. Of special interest is the onset of significant progressive abnormalities, e.g., unusual focal myofibrillar lesions, in substantial numbers of innervated mature DMD muscle fibers after 2-4 months in culture. The focal myofibrillar lesions were not detected in normal muscle fibers maintained as long as 6 months in coculture, nor are they comparable to the generalized loss of cross-striations observed in muscle atrophy following in vitro denervation of mature DMD fibers.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Duchenne dystrophic muscle develops lesions in long-term coculture with mouse spinal cord. option2: Intracranial lesions: flow-related enhancement on MR images using time-of-flight effects.
Solution:
|
Duchenne dystrophic muscle develops lesions in long-term coculture with mouse spinal cord.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Electrocardiographic monitoring and provocative ventricular pacing were used to evaluate control and nadolol treatment groups 6 to 24 hours after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation in the dog. During the 6 to 24 hour period, the control group (n = 20) developed ventricular triplets at rates exceeding 270/min. Seven dogs spontaneously developed sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (421 +/- 12 beats/min) at 13 +/- 2 hours. Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia was present for 38 +/- 8 seconds before ventricular fibrillation developed. One dog developed recurrent monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, with six episodes lasting from 8 to 72 seconds (375 to 425 beats/min). At 24 hours, ventricular pacing produced sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (378 +/- 12 beats/min) in 9 of 13 surviving animals. Nadolol administration 6 hours after coronary artery ligation (n = 19) lowered both the rate (241 +/- 8 versus 328 +/- 8 beats/min; p = 0.001) and the incidence (8 +/- 6 versus 198 +/- 61 per hour; p = 0.004) of rapid ventricular triplets and prevented sudden arrhythmic death (0%; p = 0.005). Nadolol failed to prevent sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (88%; 365 +/- 12 beats/min) produced by ventricular pacing. The data suggest that nadolol prevents spontaneous sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia by selectively suppressing the arrhythmia trigger (rapid ventricular triplets) without altering the underlying arrhythmia substrate.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Mechanism of prevention of sudden death by nadolol: differential actions on arrhythmia triggers and substrate after myocardial infarction in the dog. option2: Accidental profound hypothermia [letter]
Output:
|
Mechanism of prevention of sudden death by nadolol: differential actions on arrhythmia triggers and substrate after myocardial infarction in the dog.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Bed-rest deconditioning is suspected to reduce cardiac reserve, possibly by impairing autonomic function. Heart rate response in normal subjects reveals considerable variability, reflected by a relatively broadband interbeat interval power spectrum. A reduction in this autonomically modulated variability would be predicted to cause a narrowing of the spectrum. We retrospectively analyzed data from 10 aerobically conditioned men (age range 35-49 yr) who had undergone orthostatic tolerance testing with lower body negative pressure pre-bed rest and after 7-10 days of bed rest, while on placebo and after intravenous atropine. Spectra were derived by Fourier analysis of 128 interbeat interval data sets. Spectral power was estimated by computing the root-mean-square (rms) values (mean +/- SD) for the band encompassing the 2nd to 64th harmonics from subjects with a sufficient number of beats: placebo rms is 93 +/- 33 ms for pre-bed rest and 84 +/- 38 ms for bed rest (NS, n = 6); atropine rms is 63 +/- 24 ms for pre-bed rest and 40 +/- 23 ms for bed rest (P less than 0.01; n = 7). These data suggest that atropine "unmasks" a deconditioning effect of bed rest in athletic men, evidenced by a reduction in interbeat interval spectral power not apparent with placebo. Spectral analysis offers a useful means of quantitating the effects of bed-rest deconditioning and autonomic perturbations on cardiac dynamics.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Atropine unmasks bed-rest effect: a spectral analysis of cardiac interbeat intervals. option2: Abstracts. Dutch Society of Nephrology. 29th scientific meeting. Leuven, Belgium, April 12, 1986.
A:
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Atropine unmasks bed-rest effect: a spectral analysis of cardiac interbeat intervals.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: A family is described in which the father and three (and probably all four) of his children had a decreased capacity for the oxidation of medium-chain fatty acids. One of the children suddenly died at the age of 16 months following an episode of a rapidly deteriorating Reye syndrome-like illness with hypoketotic hypoglycemia and dicarboxylic aciduria, but without any previous alarming symptoms. The eldest sibling had died at the age of 19 months under similar conditions. The other family members had always been healthy. On fasting, all affected family members accumulated in their plasma the medium-chain fatty acids octanoic, decanoic, and cis-4-decenoic acids. Their urinary organic acid excretion profile could be characterized as "dicarboxylic aciduria." A deficiency of medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase was demonstrated in a postmortem liver sample of the index patient. Cultured fibroblasts from the father and the two healthy children had a decreased rate of [14C]octanoate oxidation. It is suggested that a deficiency of medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase may lead to a life-threatening illness when other complicating factors such as diarrhea and vomiting result in an abnormal depletion of the body's glycogen stores. Careful monitoring of at-risk patients during a minor illness is necessary.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Sudden child death and 'healthy' affected family members with medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. option2: A needle in the sole of the foot.
A:
|
Sudden child death and 'healthy' affected family members with medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency.
| 4
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: This article presents a protocol for the examination of the shoulder complex. The examination is divided into subjective and objective components. A primary focus of this article is on the functional portion of the objective examination and its interpretation. The functional examination consists of active and passive range-of-motion tests, accessory mobility tests, resisted tests, and palpation. This approach enables the examiner to classify movement disorders of the shoulder complex into dysfunctions of the noncontractile tissues and of the contractile tissues. Factors that enable the examiner to determine the severity of a pathological condition or to identify stages of the healing process are discussed. This information will assist the physical therapist in establishing treatment goals and in selecting appropriate strategies of therapeutic intervention.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Examination of the shoulder complex. option2: The efficacy of simultaneous fine-needle aspiration and large-needle biopsy of the thyroid gland.
A:
|
Examination of the shoulder complex.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The results of forty core-decompression procedures that were performed for ischemic necrosis of the femoral head in thirty-one patients over a four-year period were retrospectively reviewed to ascertain the effectiveness of the procedure. The data did not support the published rates of success of the procedure for Stage-1 and Stage-2 lesions. With a mean length of follow-up of eighteen months, 60 per cent of the hips that had a decompression prior to collapse of the femoral head demonstrated progression of the lesion and were judged to be a failure by clinical or radiographic criteria. Computerized tomographic scans and magnetic resonance imaging proved to be 100 per cent sensitive for diagnosis in preoperative testing; isotopic bone-scanning was less sensitive (80 per cent). Functional intraoperative testing by the method of Ficat did not provide added sensitivity or specificity to the results of the preoperative bone scan. A postoperative or intraoperative fracture occurred in four hips, for an incidence that exceeded any in previously published reports. We concluded that core decompression should be considered a relatively ineffective procedure with significant morbidity.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Core decompression of the femoral head for osteonecrosis. option2: Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma incidence, clinical presentation, and surgical approach.
|
Core decompression of the femoral head for osteonecrosis.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: The pharmacokinetics of the long-acting anticholinesterase drug, galanthamine, were investigated in eight patients. After i.v. injection of 0.3 mg kg-1, the decrease in the serum concentration of galanthamine followed a biexponential curve. The serum concentration decreased rapidly from 543 +/- 47 ng ml-1 to 128 +/- 14 ng ml-1 between 2 and 30 min with a T1/2 alpha of 6.42 +/- 2.15 min, and then declined more slowly with a T1/2 beta of 264 +/- 28 min. Total serum clearance of galanthamine amounted to 5.37 +/- 0.87 ml min-1 kg-1, and the renal clearance was 1.36 +/- 0.10 ml min-1 kg-1. The cumulative urinary excretion of galanthamine between 0 and 48 h after injection amounted to 28.0 +/- 5.4% of the administered dose. The biliary excretion of galanthamine during 24 h amounted to 0.2 +/- 0.1% of the dose. There was no evidence of glucuronide or sulphate conjugation of galanthamine.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Pharmacokinetics of galanthamine (a long-acting anticholinesterase drug) in anaesthetized patients. option2: Correlation between vitiligo antibodies and extent of depigmentation in vitiligo.
Solution:
|
Pharmacokinetics of galanthamine (a long-acting anticholinesterase drug) in anaesthetized patients.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The effect of 17 beta-estradiol (17 beta E2) on anterior pituitary dopaminergic receptor (D2) content was studied in vitro in relation to PRL secretion. Anterior pituitaries from ovariectomized rats were incubated for short periods in medium 199, with or without the steroid. Dopamine (DA) receptors in partially purified pituitary membranes were quantified by equilibrium binding using [3H]spiperone; the PRL released into the incubation medium was analyzed by RIA. Addition of 10(-10) to 10(-6) M 17 beta E2 to the incubation medium of anterior pituitaries rapidly and reversibly decreased the number of DA receptors (P less than 0.01 to 0.001), while increasing PRL release, in a dose-related fashion. The maximal effect on both receptor numbers and PRL secretion was obtained with 10(-8) M 17 beta E2. This effect involved no change in receptor affinity (Kd = 0.11 +/- 0.01 nM in presence or in absence of 17 beta E2). This estrogen-induced decrease in DA-binding capacity was apparently not the result of the occupation of spiperone binding sites by the steroid, since after a 30-min incubation with 10(-8) M [3H]17 beta E2, no radioactivity was detectable on the partially purified membranes. Moreover, the presence of 17 beta E2 at the same time as the labeled D2 ligand did not modify the kinetics of association or dissociation of spiperone with pituitary membranes. This decrease in anterior pituitary DA receptor content and the increase in PRL release were already significant after a 7-min incubation in the presence of 10(-8) M 17 beta E2. Finally, these effects of 17 beta E2 were not mimicked by its 17 alpha-stereoisomer, nor by progesterone, or testosterone. These results suggest that the stimulatory effect of 17 beta E2 on PRL secretion may be due, at least in part, to the desensitization of anterior pituitary cells to DA. The steroid may produce this desensitization directly by decreasing the number of D2. The short latency of this effect likely discards the possibility of a genomic action of 17 beta E2.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Direct effect of estradiol on the number of dopamine receptors in the anterior pituitary of ovariectomized rats. option2: Regional isolated limb perfusion of melanoma intransit metastases using mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard).
|
Direct effect of estradiol on the number of dopamine receptors in the anterior pituitary of ovariectomized rats.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The clostridial neurotoxins tetanus and botulinum toxin type A are known to block transmitter release from nerve terminals, probably by interfering with some essential process controlling exocytosis after the entry of Ca2+ ions. Although exocytosis occurs in many secretory cells, these toxins show a high specificity for neurones and the secretory response of cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells is not inhibited by exposure to medium containing tetanus or botulinum toxin type A (although it is by botulinum toxin type D). Here we report that when tetanus toxin and botulinum neurotoxin type A are injected intracellularly into chromaffin cells they strongly inhibit secretion, as revealed by the measurement of cell capacitance. These results indicate that these toxins are normally ineffective in chromaffin cells because they are not bound and internalized, so do not reach their site of action. Furthermore, we have localized the secretion-blocking effects of the toxin to a fragment comprising the light chain covalently linked to part of the heavy chain, suggesting that this part of the molecule contains the active site.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Intracellularly injected tetanus toxin inhibits exocytosis in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. option2: Enlarged parathyroid glands: high-resolution local coil MR imaging [published erratum appears in Radiology 1987 Aug;164(2):586]
|
Intracellularly injected tetanus toxin inhibits exocytosis in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: A prospective study of sixty-four men was conducted before they underwent a total hip arthroplasty to try to identify the factors that are predictive of postoperative urinary retention. Although neither the urological history nor the physical examination provided information that was helpful in accurately identifying the patients who were at risk, those whose peak urinary flow rate was less than seventeen milliliters per second did have a statistically significant likelihood of the development of urinary retention. A system of management that we hope will reduce the incidence of this complication is proposed.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Urinary retention in men after total hip arthroplasty. option2: The Fontan operation. Ventricular hypertrophy, age, and date of operation as risk factors.
Output:
|
Urinary retention in men after total hip arthroplasty.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: A previously healthy 3-year-old boy was referred because of persistent fever and anterior neck swelling and pain. The diagnosis of a mixed bacterial abscess of the thyroid gland was made. Incision and drainage were performed, and fever abated immediately. Antibiotic therapy was given in the hospital and for ten days after discharge. Acute suppurative thyroiditis is a rarely encountered infection. The majority of cases reported in the recent literature are from Japan. The case presented here, from the United States, demonstrates the difficulty that can be encountered in diagnosing this type of thyroiditis.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Acute suppurative thyroiditis in a 3-year-old boy. option2: The tiny parathyroid adenoma.
A:
|
Acute suppurative thyroiditis in a 3-year-old boy.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The ultimate cause of destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) after oxidative damage with Heinz body formation is not well understood. We correlated the changes in RBC morphology and membrane protein composition after oxidant treatment with the alterations in deformability of whole cells and cell membranes. The incubation of RBCs with phenylhydrazine concentrations of 0.3 to 100 mg/dL at 37 degrees C for one hour led to a dose-dependent formation of Heinz bodies, ranging from isolated Heinz bodies at 1 mg/dL to a confluent coating of the inner membrane surface at 100 mg/dL phenylhydrazine. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of a large quantity of hemoglobin bound to the ghost membrane of treated RBCs. Electrophoresis with and without dithiothreitol indicated that disulfide bridges are abundant between hemoglobin molecules and are also present among membrane proteins but are not the major bond between hemoglobin and membrane. Changes of spectrin, ankyrin, band 3, and band 6 and the appearance of a 260,000-dalton complex were also observed. With phenylhydrazine concentrations below 30 mg/dL, even in the presence of multiple Heinz bodies, the RBC deformability measured by filtration through 2.6-, 4.5-, and 6.8-microns pores and the membrane deformability determined by a filter aspiration technique were not altered. With 100 mg/dL phenylhydrazine, when the entire membrane was coated with Heinz bodies, RBC filterability and membrane deformability were drastically reduced. These results indicate that oxidative damage of RBCs with discrete Heinz body formation causes focal membrane rigidification but does not affect the global cellular deformability until the Heinz bodies nearly cover the entire cell endoface.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Quantitative relationship between Heinz body formation and red blood cell deformability. option2: Long-term outcome after repair of coarctation in infancy: subclavian angioplasty does not reduce the need for reoperation.
A:
|
Quantitative relationship between Heinz body formation and red blood cell deformability.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: We treated a case of congenital membranous stenosis of the esophagus successfully by transendoscopic incision. We discuss various types of true congenital esophageal stenosis and their treatment, to distinguish these rare anomalies from the more frequently encountered acquired variety.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Congenital esophageal stenosis. Transendoscopic web incision. option2: Inhibitory neurones of a motor pattern generator in Xenopus revealed by antibodies to glycine.
Output:
|
Congenital esophageal stenosis. Transendoscopic web incision.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: 17 beta-Estradiol (E2) affects the sensitivity of pituitary cells to several neurohormones as LHRH, TRH, or dopamine, presumably by modulating receptor coupling mechanisms. We attempted to pinpoint the membrane processes underlying this modulation and studied the effect of E2 on pituitary membrane phospholipid methylation. Anterior pituitary membranes prepared from ovariectomized (ovx) or ovx plus E2-treated rats were assayed for phospholipid methylation. Methylated phospholipids were separated by TLC. Incorporation of [3H]methyl groups into phospholipids increased with membrane concentration and incubation time with S-adenosyl-L-methyl [3H]methionine; it was not Mg2+ dependent and was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, methyltransferase inhibitor. pH was found to be critical. Formation of phosphatidyl-monoethanolamine, phosphatidyl-dimethylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine was markedly stimulated by treatment with E2. The effect increased progressively when animals were killed 15 h to 5 days after E2 implantation. The response involved a shift in the maximum velocity (Vmax) although there was no change in the available substrate for the methylating enzyme. This change in Vmax probably reflects changes in the amount of the methylating enzyme itself. Administration of 17 alpha-estradiol, an inactive stereoisomer of E2 was ineffective, pointing to a stereospecific interaction. After differential centrifugation of pituitary membranes, the highest specific methyltransferase activity was found in light mitochondrial (L) and microsomal (P) fractions and the lowest in nuclei (N) and the heavy mitochondrial (M) fractions. After sucrose density gradient centrifugation, methylated phospholipids were preferentially recovered from fractions corresponding to the endoplasmic reticulum and/or secretory granules. E2 treatment for 5 days did not modify the subcellular distribution of methyltransferase activity but stimulated it in all fractions; in contrast, it did not modify the activity of the other enzymes measured as fraction markers. Under the same experimental conditions, phospholipid methylation in membranes prepared from cortex, and anterior and mediobasal hypothalamic structures was not affected by the steroid, with the exception of a slight increment of [3H]methyl incorporation into mediobasal hypothalamic membrane phospholipids after 5 days of E2 treatment. These results indicate that E2-induced changes in pituitary responsiveness might be concomitant with selective effects of the steroid on specific membrane enzymatic activities involved in coupling mechanisms.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Estradiol activates methylating enzyme(s) involved in the conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine in rat pituitary membranes. option2: Chondroma of the cervical spine. Case report.
A:
|
Estradiol activates methylating enzyme(s) involved in the conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine in rat pituitary membranes.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: T lymphocytes differentiate and mature in the thymus. It is here that thymocytes with reactivities to self antigens are eliminated and those with specificities to 'altered' self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene products are positively selected. The selections are presumably carried out on the basis of their T-cell antigen receptors (TcR). The genes of the alpha- and beta-chain T-cell antigen receptors have been cloned. A third T-cell specific gene capable of undergoing somatic rearrangement has also been identified; the role of this third gene is not known. An order of expression of gamma, beta, then alpha is found during T-cell ontogeny. But although alpha- and beta-chain messages are often functional, gamma transcripts are rarely functional in thymocytes or mature T cells. To define the sequential order of expression of these genes further and to continue the search for a possible role for the TcR gamma gene products, we investigated the expression of 'functional' alpha-, beta- and gamma-chain transcripts in young athymic mice. These mice express an undetectable amount (less than one in 8 X 10(5) spleen messages) of 'full-length' alpha- and beta-chain T-cell receptor transcripts, but an increased level of expression of 'full-length' gamma chain messages. Nucleotide sequence analysis of four gamma complementary DNAs show that all four gamma transcripts sequenced are functional. These findings suggest that gamma gene products may be important in a prethymic or extrathymic pathway and may represent a second type of T-cell recognition, possibly in a lineage in which alpha and beta genes are not used.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Athymic mice express a high level of functional gamma-chain but greatly reduced levels of alpha- and beta-chain T-cell receptor messages. option2: Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy and lithotripsy: a multi-institutional survey of complications.
Output:
|
Athymic mice express a high level of functional gamma-chain but greatly reduced levels of alpha- and beta-chain T-cell receptor messages.
| 1
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Five children, aged 6 to 16 years, were tested for unilateral discrimination and interhemispheric transfer of tactile information as well as tactuomotor learning at various intervals before and after therapeutic callosotomy. Comparison of preoperative and postoperative capacities revealed that younger children are considerably less affected by the interruption of callosal transmission than older children. Bilateral organization of speech and participation of the anterior commissure can largely be excluded as possible compensatory mechanisms. The most plausible explanation for the excellent preservation of interhemispheric integration of tactile functions in the younger patients appears to be continued reliance on ipsilateral pathways. The relatively greater deficits observed in the older children, on the other hand, suggest that sensorimotor functions come to depend more extensively on contralateral pathways as the corpus callosum reaches functional maturity.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Effects of early and late transection of the corpus callosum in children. A study of tactile and tactuomotor transfer and integration. option2: Occupational asthma due to chemical agents.
A:
|
Effects of early and late transection of the corpus callosum in children. A study of tactile and tactuomotor transfer and integration.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: One of the earliest responses of the thyroid cells to TSH is macropinocytosis with formation of intracellular colloid droplets. We demonstrate here that increasing stimulation with TSH not only elicits a highly individual macropinocytotic response among different follicular cells but that the fraction of TSH-responsive cells is also a function of the TSH dose. After pretreatment with T4, mice and rats were injected ip with bovine TSH and killed 2 h later. The macropinocytotic response to TSH was evaluated on periodic acid-Schiff-stained 3-microns sections of the thyroids in terms of droplet number per 25 follicles and, in addition, by assessing recruitment, i.e. percentage of droplet-containing cells. Both variables increased with increasing TSH stimulation until they reached a plateau at about 9 mU TSH in mice and at about 300 mU TSH in rats: the percentage of droplet-containing cells gradually increased in mice from 2% (no TSH) to 67% (9 mU TSH) and in rats from 11% (no TSH) to 54% (300 mU TSH). Overall pinocytotic response as well as thyrocyte recruitment could be modified by extra- and intrathyroidal factors: for example, pretreatment of the mice with an iodine-deficient diet increased the maximal percentage of droplet containing cells to nearly 90%. Obviously, two separate components of the macropinocytotic response of the thyroid gland to TSH can be distinguished: the first is the gradually increasing fraction of droplet-containing cells, the second is the well known increase of the number of colloid droplets in each TSH-responsive cell with progressive TSH stimulation. Recruitment of thyrocytes with a gradually increasing natural threshold to a hormonal stimulus appears to be a fundamental mechanism in the thyroid gland and possibly in other organs.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Progressive recruitment of follicular cells with graded secretory responsiveness during stimulation of the thyroid gland by thyrotropin. option2: Child abuse and recurrent infant apnea.
Solution:
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Progressive recruitment of follicular cells with graded secretory responsiveness during stimulation of the thyroid gland by thyrotropin.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: This study compares the clinical results of two basic variations of the modified Fontan/Kreutzer operation, direct atriopulmonary connection without an interposed valve versus atrioventricular connection using the native pulmonary valve and the potential pumping capability of the subpulmonary ventricular chamber. From January 1979 through June 1985, 84 patients with tricuspid atresia and ventriculoarterial concordance underwent the modified Fontan/Kreutzer operation at the Mayo Clinic. Sixty patients had atriopulmonary connection and 24 patients had atrioventricular connections. Preoperative characteristics of the two patient groups were similar, but there was a greater frequency of Waterston shunts in the atriopulmonary group (38% versus 17%) and greater frequency of Glenn shunts in the atrioventricular group (46% versus 15%). Mean pulmonary arteriolar resistance was 1.9 +/- 0.7 units in the atriopulmonary group and 1.1 +/- 0.8 units in the atrioventricular group (p less than 0.01). Early postoperatively, mean right atrial pressure was slightly higher in the atriopulmonary group than in the atrioventricular group (18 +/- 3 versus 16 +/- 3 mm Hg, p less than 0.01), but this difference was not reflected in the early or late results. Operative mortality was 5% for patients with atriopulmonary connections and 4% for patients with atrioventricular connections. At 3.5 years postoperatively, the overall survival rate was 89% +/- 4% for patients with atriopulmonary connection and 88% +/- 7% for patients with atrioventricular connections. We conclude that there is no important difference in the clinical outcome of patients undergoing modified Fontan/Kreutzer repair for tricuspid atresia with atrioventricular concordance with either of the two operative methods. The choice of the connection should be dictated by the anatomy, such as presence of pulmonary valve or arterial stenoses, size of outlet chamber, and the presence of anomalous coronary arteries.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Comparison of atriopulmonary versus atrioventricular connections for modified Fontan/Kreutzer repair of tricuspid valve atresia. option2: Understanding flap necrosis [editorial]
Output:
|
Comparison of atriopulmonary versus atrioventricular connections for modified Fontan/Kreutzer repair of tricuspid valve atresia.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: We examined the contributions of dietary protein and mineral to fracture-healing by assessing the mechanical properties of fracture callus in rats that were fed a diet that was deficient in or enriched by these nutrients. In order to isolate the effects of diet on fracture-healing, we developed a method for producing a standard closed femoral fracture with minimum-soft-tissue injury. Three groups of animals were studied. Group I was a control group, in which the rats did not undergo an operation. The rats in Group II underwent intramedullary pinning of the right femur, but no fracture was created. The rats in Group III underwent pinning identical to that used for Group II, after which a closed, transverse femoral fracture was produced. Immediately after surgery, the animals in each group were subdivided into five diet-treatment subgroups. Subgroup A received a regular diet; Subgroup B received a protein-free diet; and Subgroup C received a mineral-free diet that was lacking in calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D. Subgroup D received a protein-supplemented diet that was composed of three times the calculated requirement of protein, and Subgroup E received a mineral-supplemented diet that was composed of three times the calculated requirements of calcium and phosphorus as well as a therapeutic dose of vitamin D, equivalent to that used in the treatment of osteomalacia. At the end of five weeks, the animals were killed and the right femur of each one was subjected to torsion-testing to failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The contributions of dietary protein and mineral to the healing of experimental fractures. A biomechanical study. option2: A new technique for repair of aortic coarctation. Subclavian flap aortoplasty with preservation of arterial blood flow to the left arm.
|
The contributions of dietary protein and mineral to the healing of experimental fractures. A biomechanical study.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: There has been concern that the smoking of tobacco can adversely affect the health of non-smokers. This is most cogent in children who are subject to smoke at home. The aim of this study is to relate children's sore throats to the smoking habits of their parents. The parents of 154 children were asked about the age, sex, birthweight, method of postnatal feeding and age at starting school or day nursery of the child, the frequency of sore throats, smoking habits and history of tonsillectomy of all members of the household, the size of family, the dwelling size, and the occupation of the father. Analysis by multiple regression showed a significant association between children's sore throats and maternal smoking. Reduction in domestic cigarette smoke exposure should benefit the child by reducing the number of sore throats he or she suffers.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Children's sore throats related to parental smoking. option2: Effect of surgical stress on murine natural killer cell cytotoxicity.
Student:
|
Children's sore throats related to parental smoking.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: The effects of aging on calcium and bone metabolism have not been systematically examined in men. To identify age-related alterations in vitamin D and PTH physiology and to assess their impact on skeletal health, we studied 62 normal men, aged 30-92 yr. The men were in excellent health, and none had any evidence of metabolic bone disease and/or known risk factors for osteopenia. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations declined steadily with advancing age (r = -0.47; P less than 0.001), and there was a corresponding decline in serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25-(OH)2D] levels (r = -0.41; P less than 0.001). Serum 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations, however, did not vary over this age range (r = -0.07; P = NS). Plasma PTH levels increased with aging (r = -0.24; P less than 0.001), and there was a concomitant increase in urinary cAMP excretion (r = 0.38; P less than 0.001). Renal function (creatinine clearance) clearly declined with increasing age (r = -0.71; P less than 0.001). In conjunction with these changes in calcium metabolism, radial and vertebral bone mineral content declined. Whereas the fall in radial bone mineral content (single photon absorptiometry) at both proximal and distal sites was slight, there was a marked decrease in vertebral bone mineral content, as measured by quantitative computed tomography (r = -0.72; P less than 0.0001). The fall in vertebral bone mineral content correlated well with the declines in serum 25OHD and 24,25-(OH)2D concentrations (r = 0.47; P less than 0.001 and r = 0.51; P less than 0.001, respectively) and with the decline in renal function (r = 0.46; P less than 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the effects of aging on bone mineral content could be accounted for in large part by concomitant changes in mineral metabolism. Both the decline in renal function and the fall in serum 24,25-(OH)2D levels were closely associated with the fall in bone mineral content. These results indicate that a decline in renal function and alterations in vitamin D metabolism occur with aging in normal men. These changes contribute to, if not cause, the associated decline in skeletal mineral content in aging men.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Alterations in calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone physiology in normal men with aging: relationship to the development of senile osteopenia. option2: Effects of exercise and anabolic steroids on total and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in male and female rats.
Student:
|
Alterations in calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone physiology in normal men with aging: relationship to the development of senile osteopenia.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Twenty years of published experience with the Workman-Armstrong equation for predicting walking VO2 is reviewed. The equation is reexpressed in currently accepted terminology, and it is shown that the equation serves well as a basic model of normal walking. Employing this model to analyze VO2/step leads to the elaboration of a three-compartment model of the metabolic cost of walking. This three-compartment model provides a rational estimate of the fraction of walking's metabolic cost that powers the actual walking movement. Doubt is expressed that "comfortable speed of walking" is definable in energy terms. It is suggested that the requirements of maintaining balance while walking may determine both the comfortable speed of walking and the curvilinearity of the relationship between ground-speed and freely chosen step frequency of walking.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Metabolic cost of walking: equation and model. option2: The US health care system in the year 2000.
|
Metabolic cost of walking: equation and model.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: After overnight food and fluid restriction, nine healthy males were examined before, during, and after lower body positive pressure (LBPP) of 11 +/- 1 mmHg (mean +/- SE) for 30 min and before, during, and after graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP) of -10 +/- 1, -20 +/- 2, and -30 +/- 2 mmHg for 20 min each. LBPP and LBNP were performed with the subject in the supine position in a plastic box encasing the subject from the xiphoid process and down, thus including the splanchnic area. Central venous pressure (CVP) during supine rest was 7.5 +/- 0.5 mmHg, increasing to 13.4 +/- 0.8 mmHg (P less than 0.001) during LBPP and decreasing significantly at each step of LBNP to 2.0 +/- 0.5 mmHg (P less than 0.001) at 15 min of -30 +/- 2 mmHg LBNP. Plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) did not change significantly in face of this large variation in CVP of 11.4 mmHg. Mean arterial pressure increased significantly during LBPP from 100 +/- 2 to 117 +/- 3 Torr (P less than 0.001) and only at one point during LBNP of -30 +/- 2 mmHg from 102 +/- 1 to 115 +/- 5 mmHg (P less than 0.05). Heart rate did not change during LBPP but increased slightly from 51 +/- 3 to 55 +/- 3 beats/min (P less than 0.05) only at 7 min of LBNP of -30 +/- 2 mmHg. Plasma osmolality, sodium, and potassium did not change during the experiment. Hemoglobin concentration increased during LBPP and LBNP, whereas hematocrit only increased during LBNP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Influence of central venous pressure change on plasma vasopressin in humans. option2: Outcome of lung cancer patients requiring mechanical ventilation for pulmonary failure.
Solution:
|
Influence of central venous pressure change on plasma vasopressin in humans.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate cortical collecting tubule (CCT) function in normal individuals and in patients with distal renal tubular acidosis (DRTA) using furosemide (80 mg orally) as a tool to stimulate H+ and K+ secretion by enhancing Na delivery and transport in this nephron segment. In ten normal subjects, furosemide resulted in a fall in urine pH below 5.5 and an increase in net acid and K+ excretion. These effects were obliterated by amiloride, a drug which decreases transtubular epithelial voltage (lumen-negative) in the CCT by blocking Na reabsorption. In 13 patients with DRTA, defined by failure to lower urine pH below 5.5 during acidemia, three distinctive responses to furosemide were found. In six patients with the hyperkalemic variety, furosemide failed to lower urine pH below 5.5 and resulted in a blunted increase in K+ excretion, thereby suggesting that a normal transtubular voltage in the CCT could not be generated in such patients. In five patients with classic RTA, furosemide failed to lower urine pH below 5.5, but K+ excretion increased normally. The increase in K+ excretion indicated that a normal transtubular voltage in the CCT could be generated, while the inability to lower urine pH denotes the presence of a proton pump defect involving the CCT. In two patients with classic RTA, furosemide resulted in both a normal fall in urine pH and an increase in K+ excretion, thereby indicating that the CCT was normal in regards to both proton pump function and in its ability to generate a normal transtubular voltage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Segmental characterization of defects in collecting tubule acidification. option2: Stroke rehabilitation. A problem-oriented approach.
Student:
|
Segmental characterization of defects in collecting tubule acidification.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: With the use of initial records of 1128 women who presented for interval tubal ligation, characteristics of those who were sterilized were juxtaposed with characteristics of those who did not return for surgery. Follow-up telephone interviews were conducted to explore regret after sterilization among 268 sterilized women. The subsequent histories of 144 women who did not return for surgery were examined, to determine whether failure to return might have screened, selectively, the women at greatest risk of regret. High levels of subsequent unwanted conception and pregnancy wastage were found in the nonreturn group. Institutional factors were often implicated in failure to return. Variables available at initial presentation are proposed to identify women who risk adverse consequences of postponed sterilization, to facilitate return without increasing regret.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: A study of women requesting interval contraceptive sterilization who do and do not return for surgery. option2: Selected ISSVD (International Society for the Study of Vulvar Disease) abstracts.
Output:
|
A study of women requesting interval contraceptive sterilization who do and do not return for surgery.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether), an inflammatory mediator with a wide range of biological activities including neutrophil aggregation and chemotaxis, was studied for its effect on human eosinophil locomotion (chemotaxis and chemokinesis). Human eosinophils (25-95% purity) were obtained from donors with a variety of diseases associated with hypereosinophilia. PAF-acether elicited directional locomotion of eosinophils, in a time- and dose-dependent fashion, at concentrations from 10(-5) to 10(-8) M; lyso-PAF had minimal activity over the same dose range. Compared with PAF-acether, the eosinophil locomotory responsiveness of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), histamine, and the valyl- and alanyl-eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A) tetrapeptides was negligible. Conversely, neutrophil responsiveness to PAF-acether (optimum 10(-6) M) was comparable in effect to LTB4 (optimum dose 10(-8) M). It was shown that PAF-acether elicited both chemotaxis and chemokinesis of eosinophils. Comparison of normal density and light density eosinophils revealed no qualitative difference in the response to PAF-acether and the other chemoattractants, although the light density cells seemed to demonstrate a greater degree of locomotion to PAF-acether and LTB4. Thus, PAF-acether appears to be a potent eosinophilotactic agent which may play a role in inflammatory reactions characterized by eosinophil infiltration.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Platelet-activating factor. A potent chemotactic and chemokinetic factor for human eosinophils. option2: Oral leukoplakia [editorial]
A:
|
Platelet-activating factor. A potent chemotactic and chemokinetic factor for human eosinophils.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: The authors describe four cases of subependymoma studied with computed tomography (CT) and review 18 previously reported cases in an attempt to define the most characteristic CT presentation of this rare, benign tumor. Subependymoma usually appears as an isodense, or even hypodense, intraventricular tumor on plain CT scan and shows minimal or no enhancement in postcontrast studies. Differential diagnosis between subependymoma and the more malignant true ependymoma is difficult, particularly when the tumor occurs in the posterior fossa. Recognition of subependymoma should prompt the surgeon to attempt radical tumor removal because it can be achieved without sacrificing contiguous tissue and carries a good prognosis.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Symptomatic subependymoma: report of four new cases studied with computed tomography and review of the literature. option2: Biliary stricture dilatation: multicenter review of clinical management in 73 patients [letter]
Student:
|
Symptomatic subependymoma: report of four new cases studied with computed tomography and review of the literature.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: The total sialic acid concent of retinoic acid (RA)-resistant or 6-thioguanine (6TG)-resistant HL-60 cells was more than tenfold lower and of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-resistant HL-60 cells was approximately twofold lower than that of parental, wild-type (wt) HL-60 cells. Neuraminidase-inaccessible, ie residual cell-associated sialic acid after neuraminidase treatment, was four- to twelvefold lower in the three differentiation-inducer-resistant sublines than in the parent line. Neuraminidase treatment of 125I-labeled surface membrane glycoproteins (SMGs) from wt HL-60 cells converted the two-dimensional gel electrophoretic pattern to one having features in common with RA- and 6TG-resistant cells. However, neuraminidase treatment did not alter the sensitivity of wt HL-60 cells to differentiation induction by RA, hypoxanthine (purine base), or DMSO. These results indicate that differences in peripheral, neuraminidase-accessible sialic acids are important determinants of the gel electrophoretic mobility of the SMGs of the HL-60 line and sublines but are not likely related to the differentiation-resistance mechanism. Further studies are required to determine if hyposialylation of cryptic, neuraminidase-inaccessible sites has functional significance.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Hyposialylation of differentiation-inducer-resistant HL-60 cells. option2: Pulsed Doppler echocardiography in the preoperative evaluation of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
Output:
|
Hyposialylation of differentiation-inducer-resistant HL-60 cells.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Chronic pain in the perineum is a difficult neurosurgical problem. This article evaluates the effectiveness of sacrococcygeal rhizotomy in 28 patients who had cancer-related pain or coccydynia, underwent rhizotomy, and were followed for an average of 3 years. Good pain relief was obtained in 53% (10 of 19 patients) with malignant pain, as opposed to 22% (2 of 9 patients) with nonmalignant pain. Sacral rhizotomy is a reasonable treatment for cancer-related perineal pain, but it is ineffective for coccydynia and other benign perineal pain problems.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Sacrococcygeal rhizotomy for perineal pain. option2: NIMH review of fraud charge moves slowly [news]
A:
|
Sacrococcygeal rhizotomy for perineal pain.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: To study patient preferences on physician attire and etiquette, we interviewed 200 patients on the general medical services of teaching hospitals in Boston and San Francisco. Of these 200 patients, 65% believed physicians should wear a white coat, 27% believed physicians should not wear tennis shoes, 52% believed physicians should not wear blue jeans, 37% believed male physicians should wear neckties, and 34% believed female physicians should wear dresses or skirts. Forty percent of patients wanted physicians to address them by first name, but only 10% of patients wanted to address their physicians by first name. A concurrent mailed survey of 74 medical house staff members at the two hospitals revealed wide variability in physicians' attire and in how patients were addressed at each institution. Thus, many house officers had habits that were less formal than a substantial portion of their patients preferred.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Patient and house officer attitudes on physician attire and etiquette. option2: Current methods of training residents to manage pediatric cardiopulmonary arrests.
Student:
|
Patient and house officer attitudes on physician attire and etiquette.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: A procedure for the multisystem analysis of bloodstains using the simultaneous separation of the enzymes glyoxalase I, esterase D, and phosphoglucomutase has been developed. The amount of bloodstain required has therefore been reduced threefold without any loss in resolution and sensitivity. Bloodstains at least seven weeks old have been correctly phenotyped in all three systems.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The simultaneous separation of the enzymes glyoxalase I, esterase D, and phosphoglucomutase. option2: Pulsatile versus nonpulsatile blood flow in the treatment of acute cerebral ischemia.
Solution:
|
The simultaneous separation of the enzymes glyoxalase I, esterase D, and phosphoglucomutase.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: When bovine parathyroid cells in culture are exposed to the active vitamin D metabolite 1,25(OH)2D3, a significant decrease in the steady-state levels of pre-proparathyroid hormone (pre-proPTH) mRNA occurs. The possibility that the fall in specific mRNA is due to a decrease in rate of transcription of the PTH gene was examined in this study. In the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3, there was a rapid and steady decline in PTH gene transcription rate which fell to a minimum of 10-15% of control at 24 h. The effect was observed at physiological levels (10(-11)M) and was also fully reversible.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Suppression by 1,25(OH)2D3 of transcription of the pre-proparathyroid hormone gene. option2: Primary spinal melanoma.
Output:
|
Suppression by 1,25(OH)2D3 of transcription of the pre-proparathyroid hormone gene.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: To assess whether continuous arteriovenous ultrafiltration (CAVU) might constitute a useful alternative to hemodialysis in the management of patients with advanced liver failure, we carried out CAVU in 3 patients with decompensated Laennec's cirrhosis. CAVU was utilized in two patients with acute renal failure and pulmonary edema to stabilize renal function and facilitate administration of large amounts of fluid. In the third case, CAVU was successfully utilized to mobilize fluid in a patient refractory to conventional diuretic regimens. We conclude that CAVU may constitute an appropriate alternative to traditional hemodialysis in patients with advanced liver disease and renal functional impairment.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Continuous arterio-venous ultrafiltration in cirrhotic patients with ascites or renal failure. option2: Hepatitis B prophylaxis in dental professionals [letter]
|
Continuous arterio-venous ultrafiltration in cirrhotic patients with ascites or renal failure.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: The creation of a posterior capsulotomy utilizing a neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser is often followed by an increase in the intraocular pressure (IOP). In order to study the cause of this pressure rise, six eyes of three cynomolgus monkeys underwent extracapsular cataract extraction followed 2 to 3 months later by Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. Eyes were evaluated clinically and examined histopathologically at 1 hour, 3 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, and 1 month after laser treatment. Although IOP did not increase after laser capsulotomy, outflow facility was decreased 80% from baseline levels at 3 hours, at 3 hours, 1 day, and 3 days. After laser treatment, the anterior chamber and meshwork contained fibrin, lens material, inflammatory cells, pigmented macrophages, erythrocytes, and free pigment. Most of these elements had cleared the meshwork by 1 month.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The effect of neodymium: YAG laser capsulotomy on aqueous humor dynamics in the monkey eye. option2: Fracture of the axis associated with vertebral artery injury. A case report.
A:
|
The effect of neodymium: YAG laser capsulotomy on aqueous humor dynamics in the monkey eye.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Reductions in left ventricular (LV) mass have been reported after antihypertensive therapy with certain sympatholytic agents and converting enzyme inhibitors, but little or no improvement has been noted after vasodilator therapy. In this study we evaluated the effect of the calcium channel blocker nitrendipine on echocardiographic LV mass. During a 12-month period, nitrendipine was used as monotherapy in 30 patients and in combination with propranolol or a diuretic in an additional 28 patients. Nitrendipine monotherapy lowered supine blood pressure from 148/97 to 136/83 mm Hg, but LV mass did not change significantly. Supine blood pressure decreased from 155/103 to 134/86 mm Hg in patients receiving combination therapy but, again, changes in LV mass were not significant. These data suggest that nitrendipine is effective in lowering blood pressure, but this is not associated with a significant decrease in LV mass in patients with mild hypertension.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Effect of the calcium channel blocker nitrendipine on left ventricular mass in patients with hypertension. option2: A program for family medicine in an era of cost constraints.
|
Effect of the calcium channel blocker nitrendipine on left ventricular mass in patients with hypertension.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Although nondialyzed, chronically uremic patients and patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis often show evidence for wasting and calorie malnutrition and have low dietary energy intakes, their energy expenditure has never been systematically evaluated. It is possible that low energy intakes are an adaptive response to reduced energy needs; alternatively, energy expenditure could be normal or high and the low energy intakes would be inappropriate. Energy expenditure was therefore measured by indirect calorimetry in 12 normal individuals, 10 nondialyzed patients with chronic renal failure, and 16 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Energy expenditure was measured in the resting state, during quiet sitting, during controlled exercise on an exercise bicycle, and for four hours after ingestion of a test meal. Resting energy expenditure (kcal/min/1.73 m2) in the normal subjects, chronically uremic patients and hemodialysis patients was, respectively, 0.94 +/- 0.24 (SD), 0.91 +/- 0.20, and 0.97 +/- 0.10. There was also no difference among the three groups in energy expenditure during sitting, exercise, or the postprandial state. Within each group, energy expenditure during resting and sitting was directly correlated. During bicycling, energy expenditure was directly correlated with work performed, and the regression equation for this relationship was similar in each of the three groups. These findings suggest that for a given physical activity, energy expenditure in nondialyzed, chronically uremic patients and maintenance hemodialysis patients is not different from normal. The low energy intakes of many of these patients may be inadequate for their needs.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Energy expenditure in patients with chronic renal failure. option2: Health-risk appraisal. Helping patients predict and prevent health problems.
|
Energy expenditure in patients with chronic renal failure.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: We have tested the hypothesis that there is a positive relation between arterial elasticity and physical working capacity (PWC) at a given age. The subjects were 28 young men, 16-18 yr old. Arterial elasticity was evaluated by measuring the carotid to femoral pulse-wave velocity (c) at rest. The slope, S(c) of the relation between c and the diastolic blood pressure was studied during a cold pressor test to test vascular reactivity. The relationship between heart rate (HR) and work load was determined using a cycle ergometer; the variables measured were the slope of this relation S(PWC) and the power output at a HR of 170 min-1 (PWC170). The PWC170 ranged from 1.8 to 4.6 W/kg, and values of c ranged from 3.9 to 6.8 m/s. A strong inverse linear relation was found between c and PWC170 (r = -0.76), whereas the HR at rest was positively related to both c (r = 0.68) and PWC170 (r = 0.74). There was no relationship between HR at rest and the slopes S(c) and S(PWC); the latter two variables depend mainly on the sympathetic response. These results show the importance of the intrinsic mechanical properties of the cardiovascular system, particularly arterial elasticity, in human adaptations to muscular exercise.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Arterial elasticity and physical working capacity in young men. option2: Abstracts. Swiss Society of Nephrology. Lucerne, Switzerland, December 6, 1985.
Output:
|
Arterial elasticity and physical working capacity in young men.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: As the use of helicopters for air transport of critically ill patients increases, the availability of monitoring devices for physiological parameters during flight becomes important. It has long been known that arterial PO2 (PaO2) decreases during unsupplemented, non-pressurized flight. In this study, the authors examined the use of the transconjunctival oxygen (cjO2) monitor for assessing the adequacy of arterial oxygenation during helicopter flight in four healthy volunteers. Arterial PaO2 as measured by conventional blood gas analysis was compared with cjO2 at ground level, 5,000 feet, and 10,000 feet altitude. Mean PaO2 dropped significantly from 93.5 to 81.5 to 58.5 mm Hg, respectively (P less than 0.001, analysis of variance with repeated measures). Mean cjO2 also decreased significantly from 63.8 to 52.0 to 34.8 mm Hg, respectively (P less than 0.001, analysis of variance with repeated measures). Within individual subjects, cjO2 was an accurate predictor of PaO2 (P less than 0.001, multiple regression analysis). The relationship between cjO2 and PaO2 was linear with a regression coefficient of 1.147. The authors conclude that the transconjunctival O2 monitor may be useful for monitoring the adequacy of arterial oxygenation during helicopter flight in hemodynamically stable patients. The results of study also support the use of supplemental oxygen in all patients subjected to helicopter transport.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Transconjunctival oxygen monitoring as a predictor of hypoxemia during helicopter transport. option2: Plasma cell granuloma of the thyroid.
|
Transconjunctival oxygen monitoring as a predictor of hypoxemia during helicopter transport.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Intraoral patch testing was performed in 3 subjects, 2 of whom were contact sensitive to nickel. Maxillary acrylic plates carrying test pieces containing 66% nickel were applied for 48 h, and readings were performed 24 h after removal. Few if any clinical signs were detected, but biopsies from the mucosal contact sites showed lichenoid reactions. Biopsies from control sites showed no or slight non-specific inflammatory reactions.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: A new method for intraoral patch testing. option2: Subtyping phosphoglucomutase-1 in semen stains and bloodstains: a report on the method.
A:
|
A new method for intraoral patch testing.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
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