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Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: The users of illicit drugs is endangered by both unpredictable concentrations of the drugs and by unexpected adulterants that may be present. Cocaine has been adulterated or admixed with numerous substances, among them local anesthetics, amphetamine, phencyclidine, and strychnine. We report three cases of thallium poisoning following nasal insufflation of a substance that was believed to have been cocaine.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Thallium poisoning in cocaine abusers. option2: Accessory cells as primary target of human immunodeficiency virus HIV infection [letter]
Output:
|
Thallium poisoning in cocaine abusers.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: Thirty-four of 87 consecutive patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage from a cerebral aneurysm had a premonitory minor leak. There were 12 men and 22 women, aged 25 to 73 years (mean 44.4 years). Twenty-two had a small and 12 had a large aneurysm located on the internal carotid artery (17 cases), anterior communicating artery (10 cases), middle cerebral artery (five cases), and pericallosal artery (two cases). Fifty-two percent of patients with a minor leak from an internal carotid artery aneurysm had ipsilateral, hemicranial, hemifacial, or periorbital pain. Half of the patients initially saw a physician, but in no case was the correct diagnosis made. Twenty-five patients had a major rupture within 24 hours to 4 weeks after findings suggesting a minor leak, with a mortality rate of 53%. Nine other patients were diagnosed by lumbar puncture or computerized tomography (CT) scanning after initial misdiagnosis and were operated on, without mortality, before a major rupture could occur. The CT scans were negative in 55% of patients with a minor leak, but lumbar puncture, when performed, was always positive. A minor leak prior to major aneurysmal rupture is a common occurrence and, if unrecognized, is associated with a high mortality. Computerized tomography scanning is unreliable in diagnosing this event, and lumbar puncture is the examination of choice once intracranial hypertension has been ruled out.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The minor leak preceding subarachnoid hemorrhage. option2: Ovarian histology and function after total abdominal hysterectomy.
Solution:
|
The minor leak preceding subarachnoid hemorrhage.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Residual arteriovenous fistulas are a potential source of morbidity after femorodistal bypass operation has been performed with the in situ great saphenous vein graft. A review of our initial experience with 155 operations in which various methods of intraoperative detection were used showed that fistulas were overlooked in 27 cases (17.4%), causing graft thrombosis in 10 cases (6.4%). After the introduction of a rapid and simple intraoperative test that used retrograde irrigation of the graft, only three superficial fistulas were overlooked in 70 operations (4.2%), with no associated graft thrombosis. The test had no detectable deleterious effects and graft distension pressures were within acceptable limits.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: A clinical method for the detection of arteriovenous fistulas during in situ great saphenous vein bypass. option2: Individualized behavioral and environmental care for the very low birth weight preterm infant at high risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia: neonatal intensive care unit and developmental outcome.
A:
|
A clinical method for the detection of arteriovenous fistulas during in situ great saphenous vein bypass.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Trunk-only bath rewarming has often been recommended over whole-body bath rewarming as a method for the treatment of immersion hypothermia. At present, no report of a direct comparison of the relative merits of these techniques has been made. Authorities in favor of trunk-only bath rewarming base their proposal on the assumption that core temperature afterdrop would be minimized by preventing peripheral vasodilation when the subject's limbs are not immersed in the rewarming bath. In the present study, trunk-only and whole-body bath rewarming are compared by rewarming eight mildly hypothermic male subjects twice, once via each technique. It was concluded that trunk-only rewarming is not superior to whole-body bath rewarming as a therapy for mild immersion hypothermia, based on the findings that no significant differences existed between the two techniques, either in size or duration of core temperature afterdrop, or in rate of rewarming.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Bath rewarming from immersion hypothermia [published erratum appears in J Appl Physiol 1986 Dec;61(6):following 2314] option2: Red blood cell porphobilinogen deaminase in the evaluation of acute intermittent porphyria [published erratum appears in JAMA 1987 Mar 13;257(10):1332]
A:
|
Bath rewarming from immersion hypothermia [published erratum appears in J Appl Physiol 1986 Dec;61(6):following 2314]
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Two patients with Behcet's syndrome had severe esophageal involvement. Both presented the complete clinical pattern (oral, genital, and eye lesions) of Behcet's syndrome. In both, esophageal lesions were associated with other gastrointestinal manifestations, in the first a transient episode of ulcerative ileitis, and in the second patient colitis. In both, the differential diagnosis with inflammatory bowel disease was very difficult. Histology of esophageal lesions was nonspecific; no vasculitis was found. Both patients improved on steroid therapy. Esophageal lesions also improved endoscopically and histologically with steroid therapy. When there is obvious gastrointestinal involvement in Behcet's syndrome, the differential diagnosis from inflammatory bowel disease is very difficult.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Esophageal involvement in Behcet's syndrome. option2: India: move to stop sex-test abortion [news]
A:
|
Esophageal involvement in Behcet's syndrome.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Extensive animal testing and 30 years of human experience have established the general safety of DEET when applied episodically to skin or bedclothes. Local and systemic toxic and allergic reactions to DEET have been observed in man. Three weeks prior to admission, for the purpose of self-medication, a 30 year old man began daily applications of the insect repellant, DEET followed by a 1-2 hour period in a light-bulb heated box. Sedation and incoherence were noted for short periods following each application session. Aggressiveness and psychotic ideation led to hospital admission where he displayed psychomotor hyperactivity, rapid and pressured speech, tangentiality, flight of ideas, and grandiose delusions. Treatment was begun with haloperidol. Clinical improvement was complete within 6 days, atypical for classic endogenous mania. Drug and metabolites were identified in the urine more than 2 weeks after the last drug application.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Acute manic psychosis following the dermal application of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) in an adult. option2: Microcephaly and congenital cytomegalovirus infection: a combined prospective and retrospective study of a Swedish infant population.
Output:
|
Acute manic psychosis following the dermal application of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) in an adult.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: We present the case of an 11-month-old baby with a burn that healed normally over a month, but subsequently developed successive crops of blisters over the scar. There were no changes in his general condition. Clinical, immunological, histological and ultrastructural studies provided a diagnosis of mechanical dermatitis produced by microtrauma. Electron microscopy studies revealed the sub-epidermal nature of the blisters and the presence of underlying fibrin deposits.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Blisters over burn scars in a child. option2: Metastatic basal cell carcinoma originating in the supra-parotid region.
Solution:
|
Blisters over burn scars in a child.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Insulin may mediate the hyperandrogenism that frequently occurs in patients with insulin-resistant states. To test this hypothesis, we studied five normal women and one woman with hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans with the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique. Each woman received a 0.1 U/kg insulin bolus dose, followed by a 10 mU/kg X min insulin infusion for 12-16 h. In the normal women, an average insulin level of 1832 +/- 292 (+/- SEM) microU/ml was achieved; serum glucose was clamped at 116 +/- 5 mg/dl. At this level, insulin may bind to the insulin-like growth factor I receptor as well as to its own receptor. Contrary to our working hypothesis, a rise in serum testosterone did not occur in any women during insulin infusion, and in one women, serum testosterone levels decreased. When analyzed as a percentage of the basal value, serum progesterone levels fell 20% in the normal women within the first 2 h of insulin infusion, but did not change thereafter. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels, however, uniformly and progressively decreased by 39% after 12 h of insulin infusion in the normal women and by 31% at 14 h in the woman with hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans. The fall in serum DHEA-S levels was not due to diurnal rhythmicity, as the changes in serum DHEA-S levels did not correlated with those in serum cortisol. Suppression of PRL release also was excluded as a cause of the fall in DHEA-S levels. These results indicate that acute hyperinsulinemia of 12- to 16-h duration does not increase serum testosterone or DHEA-S concentrations and, indeed, can cause a decline in serum DHEA-S levels in both normal women and the single woman studied with hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The effects of hyperinsulinemia on serum testosterone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and cortisol levels in normal women and in a woman with hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans. option2: Duchenne dystrophic muscle develops lesions in long-term coculture with mouse spinal cord.
Output:
|
The effects of hyperinsulinemia on serum testosterone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and cortisol levels in normal women and in a woman with hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: A case of craniopagus twins joined in the temporoparietal area is presented, along with a review of the literature on craniopagus. A large area of brain was shared between the neurologically normal infants, with defects in the scalp, skull, and dura. The twins were separated in a three-step procedure. First, areas of shared brain were divided and separated with silicone sheets. The second procedure consisted of the insertion of scalp expanders to allow primary skin closure. In the third procedure complete separation was performed which was complicated by severe hypotension in one infant that was due to dural sinus hemorrhage. Cerebrospinal fluid leak was the most difficult problem encountered in the postoperative period; this was treated with lumboperitoneal and ventriculoperitoneal shunts. After 2 years, one twin is neurologically normal; the other is severely developmentally delayed, possibly related to the severe hypotension experienced during the third procedure. A review of the literature on craniopagus is presented. Analysis of data in the literature suggests that the area involved in the craniopagus as well as the venous connections are closely related to survival following separation of craniopagus twins.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Temporoparietal craniopagus. Case report and review of the literature. option2: Ovarian cancer recurrences in patients with no macroscopic tumor at second-look laparotomy.
A:
|
Temporoparietal craniopagus. Case report and review of the literature.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Half-hourly sampling of plasma TSH was done across 3 days in four normal young men. Sleep was denied for 64 h from 0700 h on awakening from accommodation sleep until polygraphic sleep was resumed at 7100 h of the third day (D3) such that 2 consecutive nights of usual 2300-0700 h sleep were missed. This protocol allowed examination of any modulatory effects on the daily patterns in TSH concentrations during sleep deprivation on D1-2 (1100-3500, 3500-5900 h) or during resumption of usual nightly sleep on D3 (5900-8300) compared to that of a previously studied group of normal young men. The circadian nature of the daily TSH waveform was evidenced by its daily repetition within a subject both basally and during D1-2 sleep deprivation and by its synchronization within the basal, deprived, or resumed sleep days. The peaks in each subject's daily TSH patterns on D1-2 were consistently longer, and the daily maxima and cosine acrophases on D1-2 were consistently later than those on D3 when basal sleep was resumed. About half the daily TSH concentration maxima and daily cosinor amplitudes on D1-2 were greater than those of the respective sleep-resumed TSH patterns of D3. Both the group mean TSH patterns and the cosinor 95% confidence ellipses also indicated the daily peak in the TSH waveform to be significantly longer, later, and larger during D1-2 sleep deprivation than during the basal or D3 periods. These results indicate that significant alteration of the daily TSH waveform can occur in response to absence of sleep and are compatible with the existence of an inhibitory effect in early nightly sleep on TSH release. The TSH patterns during the 1700-2300 h intervals of rising TSH levels were congruent in the basal, deprived, and resumed sleep periods. Prompt reversion to the basal TSH pattern also occurred when sleep was resumed on D3. Both of these observations suggest the alteration in TSH waveform during sleep deprivation to have arisen from an inhibitory effect in sleep rather than from a change in period or phase of a generating oscillator.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Effect of 64-hour sleep deprivation on the circadian waveform of thyrotropin (TSH): further evidence of sleep-related inhibition of TSH release. option2: Electrophysiologic denervation changes of human muscle fibers in motoneuron diseases.
Output:
|
Effect of 64-hour sleep deprivation on the circadian waveform of thyrotropin (TSH): further evidence of sleep-related inhibition of TSH release.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Vaginal discharge is a common complaint, the cause of which can be diagnosed on the basis of the distinguishing characteristics of the fluid itself, the course and symptoms of the infection, and the results of a few simple office laboratory tests. Accurate diagnosis is important because treatment can then be selected specifically rather than empirically. Optimal treatment differs with each of the four major causative agents: Candida, Gardnerella, Trichomonas, and Chlamydia. Prompt eradication of the infection promotes patient and public health.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Vaginal discharge. Its causes and cures. option2: Total or near total thyroidectomy versus limited resection for radiation-associated thyroid nodules: a twelve-year follow-up of patients in a thyroid screening program.
|
Vaginal discharge. Its causes and cures.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Two types of acellular pertussis vaccine are used in Japan: the filamentous hemagglutinin (F-HA) predominant type and the pertussis toxin (PT)-F-HA type. We tested one lot of vaccine from each of three manufacturers (lots A and B, F-HA predominant type; lot C, PT-F-HA type). One hundred fifteen healthy children between the ages of 3 months and 23 months were immunized with one of the three lots of acellular pertussis vaccine to assess adverse reactions and antibody responses. The incidence of fever (temperature greater than or equal to 38 degrees C) was 2.6% for lot A, 1.2% for lot B, and 2.5% for lot C. The incidence of local reactions greater than 5 cm in diameter was 1.9% for lot A, 2.4% for lot B, and 3.3% for lot C. Thus no significant differences in adverse reaction were observed. The anti-PT antibody responses in the tested vaccines were equal to or greater than those in patients with pertussis in the convalescent stage, and the anti-F-HA antibody responses were far higher than those of convalescing patients. Lot C produced the highest anti-PT antibody, and Lot A the highest anti-F-HA antibody.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Adverse reactions and antibody responses to acellular pertussis vaccine. option2: Pathogenesis of senile idiopathic macular holes [letter]
Output:
|
Adverse reactions and antibody responses to acellular pertussis vaccine.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The long-term health consequences of chronic physical activity for patients with type I diabetes are unknown. In the current study, the association of physical activity to diabetic complications was assessed in 696 type I diabetic individuals diagnosed between 1950 and 1964. Participation in team sports in high school or college was not associated with a decreased prevalence of severe retinopathy or blindness later in life. There was, however, a suggestion of a negative association between physical activity and both cardiovascular disease and overall mortality, ie, individuals who participated in team sports were somewhat less likely to report macrovascular disease at follow-up or to have died than nonparticipants. The relationship between physical activity and diabetic complications only appeared in male subjects. The results suggest that activity early in life by patients with type I diabetes does not appear to be associated with an adverse health effect and may, in fact, be beneficial.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Pittsburgh Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Morbidity and Mortality Study: physical activity and diabetic complications. option2: Hollow viscus rupture due to blunt trauma.
A:
|
Pittsburgh Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Morbidity and Mortality Study: physical activity and diabetic complications.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: In recent years it has become increasingly apparent that cough is frequently the sign of airway hyperreactivity. While the association between cough and wheezing is well recognized in asthmatics, cough may be the only clinical manifestation of this problem. Emergency physicians frequently have occasion to evaluate the coughing patient. Awareness of this clinical entity should facilitate appropriate evaluation, management, and referral of these patients.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Cough variant asthma [published erratum appears in Pediatr Emerg Care 1987 Mar;3(1):9] option2: Prediction and evaluation of brainstem function by auditory brainstem responses in patients with uncal herniation.
|
Cough variant asthma [published erratum appears in Pediatr Emerg Care 1987 Mar;3(1):9]
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: We observed quinidine-induced prolongation of bleeding time without thrombocytopenia in three subjects. In addition, we noticed a cumulative prolongation of bleeding time by a combination of quinidine and aspirin. We postulated that because both quinidine and aspirin inhibit epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation, a cumulative effect of the two drugs might be responsible for the hemostatic defect. In studies using normal human platelets, we confirmed a marked reduction in epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation by the combination of these two agents. To further study the potential mechanism of this cumulative effect, platelet lysates were incubated with the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist tritiated yohimbine in the presence of quinidine and aspirin. On the basis of the radioligand binding data, the dissociation constant (KD) of alpha 2-adrenoceptors was observed to increase in the presence of quinidine as well as aspirin. The combination of these two agents caused a marked increase in the KD of platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptors without alteration in the number of receptor sites. These data suggest that the cumulative effects of quinidine and aspirin on platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptor KD may relate to the significant reduction in epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation. This phenomenon, coupled with other well-known effects of aspirin on the platelet release reaction and arachidonate metabolism, may lead to bleeding problems in some patients receiving this combination.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Cumulative effects of quinidine and aspirin on bleeding time and platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptors: potential mechanism of bleeding diathesis in patients receiving this combination. option2: Late intracranial metastasis from esthesioneuroblastoma: case report and review of the literature.
|
Cumulative effects of quinidine and aspirin on bleeding time and platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptors: potential mechanism of bleeding diathesis in patients receiving this combination.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: It is well known that LH and human CG (hCG) induce an increase in total ovarian blood flow. The effect of LH/hCG on luteal blood flow, however, is unknown. This work studies the effect of hCG on both luteal and ovarian blood flows at different stages of pseudopregnancy in adult female rats. Pseudopregnancy was induced by mating with sterile male rats. The length of pseudopregnancy was 13 +/- 1 days and, during this time, blood flow was measured by the injection of radioactive microspheres during anesthesia. At autopsy, the corpora lutea were identified and extirpated under a stereomicroscope. These, and the remaining ovary, were then counted for radioactivity and the blood flow was calculated. Progesterone levels were determined in plasma and ovarian tissues. Furthermore, the responsiveness of adenylate cyclase was tested in ovarian tissues at day 6 of pseudopregnancy. An intraarterial injection of hCG (50 IU) or vehicle (saline) was given 20 min before the blood flow determinations in anesthetized rats. The luteal blood flow was not changed by hCG on days 2, 6, and 11 of pseudopregnancy, whereas in the remaining ovary the blood flow increased more than 2-fold, thereby resulting in redistribution of the blood flow. Ten micrograms of NIH-LH-B9, tested at day 6 of pseudopregnancy, mimicked the effect of hCG. At day 6 of pseudopregnancy, hCG (50 IU) was given ip to conscious rats 200 min and 24 h before blood flow determinations. At 200 min after hCG there was a more pronounced redistribution of ovarian blood flow with a 45% reduction in luteal blood flow and a 4-fold increase in flow through the remaining ovary. LH as well as hCG doubled the progesterone content of the remaining ovary. In the corpora lutea an increased progesterone content was seen after 200 min of hCG exposure. At 24 h after hCG injection, all parameters had returned to control levels except that adenylate cyclase was nonresponsive. The increase in the total ovarian blood flow coincides with the increased steroidogenesis and these effects are likely due to release of metabolites and/or vasoactive substances. Despite this increase, the blood flow of the corpus luteum was not increased rendering vascular mechanisms unlikely as a part of the acute LH/hCG effects on corpus luteum of pseudopregnancy.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Redistribution of ovarian blood flow after injection of human chorionic gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone in the adult pseudopregnant rat. option2: Neurosurgical use of human dura mater sterilized by gamma rays and stored in alcohol: long-term results.
Solution:
|
Redistribution of ovarian blood flow after injection of human chorionic gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone in the adult pseudopregnant rat.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Human growth hormone (hGH) levels were measured during rest, prolonged treadmill exercise at 60% maximum O2 uptake (VO2max), and immediate recovery in four groups of subjects (n = 7/group), ages 21-30 yr, classified as male runners (MR), female runners (FR), male controls (MC), and female controls (FC) to determine whether sex differences in the hGH response are related to resting 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and/or cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE). Glucose (Glc), E2, and hGH levels were determined from serial blood samples taken from an intravenous catheter. Glc did not change significantly during exercise, but different trends for the runners (increases) vs. controls (decreases) resulted in higher (P less than 0.01) postexercise levels in the runners. Resting hGH was higher (P less than 0.05) in the FRs and FCs than the MRs and MCs, respectively, and continued to be higher in the FCs (vs. MCs) during the first 30 min of exercise. The MRs achieved higher peak hGH levels and exhibited higher values than the MCs throughout exercise and recovery. There were no statistically significant training differences in the females. The strongest predictors for peak hGH were absolute work load and group (runners vs. controls), both of which combined accounted for 32-36% of the variability (P less than 0.01) in hGH response. Significant sex-related variables (sex, resting E2) accounted for 11-19% of the variability in peak or percent change in hGH, with E2 having a positive effect at rest but a negative effect during exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Sex and training differences in human growth hormone levels during prolonged exercise. option2: Platelet cationic proteins are present in glomeruli of lupus nephritis patients.
Output:
|
Sex and training differences in human growth hormone levels during prolonged exercise.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Mixed sequence DNA can exist in two right-handed and one left-handed double helical conformations--A, B and Z. Under conditions of high water activity the B conformation prevails. If the water activity is reduced on addition of salt or organic solvents, transformation occurs to A-DNA or, in DNAs with alternating purine-pyrimidine sequences, to the left-handed Z-DNA. In crystal structure analyses of oligonucleotides, the free oxygen atoms of adjacent phosphate groups along the polynucleotide chain in B-DNA are found at least 6.6 A apart and individually hydrated whereas they are as close as 5.3 A in A-DNA and 4.4 A in Z-DNA, and bridged by water molecules. We suggest that this more economical hydration in A- and Z-DNA compared with B-DNA is the underlying cause of B----A and B----Z transitions.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: DNA conformation is determined by economics in the hydration of phosphate groups. option2: Albumin labeled with Gd-DTPA as an intravascular, blood pool-enhancing agent for MR imaging: biodistribution and imaging studies.
|
DNA conformation is determined by economics in the hydration of phosphate groups.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: A retrospective review of hospital records for 333 patients admitted to a large community teaching hospital by family physicians and family practice residents was performed to determine whether teaching programs in family practice led to a significant increase in the cost of care to patients. Three patient populations were identified for comparison: patients admitted by private family physicians when residents were not involved in patient care, patients admitted by the same family physicians while they served as attending physicians on the family practice service and allowed residents to participate in the care of their patients, and patients admitted by residents from the patient population at the Family Practice Center. After taking into account differences in case mix, an analysis of laboratory charges, radiology use, frequency of procedures, and use of consultants showed that the three groups were not different. Family practice residents managed their own patients as cost effectively as physicians in private practice, which suggests that experience alone is not necessary to develop methods of cost-efficient care. When these two groups were combined into a teaching unit, with few exceptions this efficiency was maintained. These results imply that the introduction of family practice residents into patient care does not invariably increase expenses to the patient.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The influence of a family practice residency on the costs of inpatient diagnostic testing. option2: Primary leptomeningeal glioma mimicking an acoustic neuroma: case report with review of the literature.
Solution:
|
The influence of a family practice residency on the costs of inpatient diagnostic testing.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: A specific radioimmunoassay has been established for a growth hormone-dependent insulinlike growth factor (IGF) binding protein (BP) from human plasma. Although the assay was directed against a 53-kD, acid-stable BP subunit, the main immunoreactive BP in the circulation had an apparent molecular mass of approximately 125 kD. Only higher primate species showed cross-reactivity, and IGF-I, IGF-II, and other peptides were without effect. Circulating BP levels in healthy subjects rose threefold from early childhood to puberty. In 65 adults aged 18 to 65, the mean level (+/- SD) was 6.12 +/- 1.43 micrograms/ml, and declined with age. Strong growth hormone-dependence of BP was also seen; there was a 2.2-fold increase in active acromegaly and a 50-80% reduction in growth hormone deficiency. Poorly controlled diabetic subjects had BP levels 40% below normal, whereas in renal failure and third-term pregnancy a mild elevation was seen. Measurement of BP may provide a useful adjunct to IGF assays in growth disorders.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Radioimmunoassay of growth hormone-dependent insulinlike growth factor binding protein in human plasma. option2: Thyroid hypofunction in premenstrual syndrome [letter]
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Radioimmunoassay of growth hormone-dependent insulinlike growth factor binding protein in human plasma.
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: The aetiology of pain in the lower leg during exercise has been studied in 110 athletes by monitoring intracompartmental pressure during exercise and by technetium bone scans. Patients were assigned to three diagnostic groups: chronic compartment syndrome, medial tibial syndrome and those with non-specific findings. Our results indicate that subcutaneous fasciotomy of the affected compartment(s) is the treatment of choice for chronic compartment syndrome. The treatment of patients with medial tibial syndrome, either by operation or conservatively, has been unsuccessful; non-specific symptoms have been treated conservatively with success.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Exercise pain in the lower leg. Chronic compartment syndrome and medial tibial syndrome. option2: Effects of tympanic membrane scars on tympanometry: a study in cats.
A:
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Exercise pain in the lower leg. Chronic compartment syndrome and medial tibial syndrome.
| 9
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: We have examined the effects of nonsteroidal antiestrogens (AEs) and estradiol (E) on dopamine (DA) levels and turnover rates in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and on serum and pituitary PRL to gain insight into DA-PRL-E/AE interrelationships. In 21-day-old female rats, E was found to increase MBH DA levels and turnover and serum PRL concentrations in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Changes were observed by 1 day, and after 3 days of E treatment (1 microgram/day), MBH DA levels increased 2-fold (to 1300 pg/mg tissue), and DA turnover rates increased 5-fold (to 1170 pg/mg tissue . h). The AEs tamoxifen, monohydroxytamoxifen, CI628, and LY117018 (50 micrograms/day for 3 days) weakly stimulated uterine weight gain and significantly suppressed the uterotropic action of E. The AEs LY117018, monohydroxytamoxifen, CI628, and tamoxifen competed with E for binding to the MBH estrogen receptor and displayed relative binding affinities of 190%, 185%, 6.7%, and 1.4%, with E set at 100%; these affinities are similar to those found for uterine estrogen receptors. The AEs increased DA turnover rates only 2-fold, and they antagonized the E-induced 5-fold increase in DA turnover rates very successfully. In animals treated with bromocriptine, E and AE failed to increase the low serum PRL levels, yet they evoked significant (approximately 2-fold) increases in DA turnover rates and nearly 2-fold increases in MBH DA content. Hence, a part of the actions of E and AE on MBH DA appears to be exerted independently of changes in circulating PRL and may occur by direct action of these compounds on the estrogen receptor system present in the MBH. In addition, these studies reveal that AEs behave as partial estrogen agonists/antagonists in terms of their effects on MBH DA turnover.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Antiestrogen action in the medial basal hypothalamus and pituitary of immature female rats: insights concerning relationships among estrogen, dopamine, and prolactin. option2: Percutaneous automated discectomy: a new method for lumbar disc removal. Technical note.
A:
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Antiestrogen action in the medial basal hypothalamus and pituitary of immature female rats: insights concerning relationships among estrogen, dopamine, and prolactin.
| 4
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Human IgG4 antibodies directed against phospholipase A, the P1 antigen from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extracts, and cat albumin were found unable to cross-link antigen. Previously, it was demonstrated that IgG4 antibodies, in contrast to IgG1 antibodies, did not cross-link Sepharose-bound antigen and antigen added in solution. To eliminate the possibility that this phenomenon was caused by preferential binding of both IgG4 Fab fragments to the solid-phase-bound antigen, cross-linking of antigen was studied in a fluid-phase system. In this test, incapability of IgG4 antibodies to bridge two antigens was also found. As a result of such a phenomenon, it is expected that immune complexes formed by IgG4 antibodies will be considerably smaller than complexes formed by IgG1. This was confirmed by analysis of the molecular size profiles of IgG1- and IgG4-containing immune complexes in sucrose-density gradients. Moreover, IgG1 was able to precipitate antigen in a radioimmunoprecipitation test, whereas precipitation was not demonstrable by the same amount of IgG4 antibodies. Even 3% polyethylene glycol 8,000 did not precipitate the small IgG4-containing immune complexes efficiently. The antibodies studied were of a high-affinity type, and there was no significant difference in association constants between IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies. Therefore, we were not able to confirm observations reported in the literature that the IgG4 subclass is associated with a low-affinity antibody response; probably, the affinity of the IgG4 antibodies was underestimated by other investigators because of the polyethylene glycol precipitation technique used to separate antibody-bound and free antigen. Our findings stress the point that IgG4 antibodies take a special place in the immune response upon chronic exposure to antigen.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Serologic aspects of IgG4 antibodies. II. IgG4 antibodies form small, nonprecipitating immune complexes due to functional monovalency. option2: 'Capture' of stereopsis by illusory contours [letter]
A:
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Serologic aspects of IgG4 antibodies. II. IgG4 antibodies form small, nonprecipitating immune complexes due to functional monovalency.
| 9
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: To test the hypothesis that occlusive apneas result from sleep-induced periodic breathing in association with some degree of upper airway compromise, periodic breathing was induced during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep by administering hypoxic gas mixtures with and without applied external inspiratory resistance (9 cmH2O X l-1 X s) in five normal male volunteers. In addition to standard polysomnography for sleep staging and respiratory pattern monitoring, esophageal pressure, tidal volume (VT), and airflow were measured via an esophageal catheter and pneumotachograph, respectively, with the latter attached to a tight-fitting face mask, allowing calculation of total pulmonary system resistance (Rp). During stage I/II NREM sleep minimal period breathing was evident in two of the subjects; however, in four subjects during hypoxia and/or relief from hypoxia, with and without added resistance, pronounced periodic breathing developed with waxing and waning of VT, sometimes with apneic phases. Resistive loading without hypoxia did not cause periodicity. At the nadir of periodic changes in VT, Rp was usually at its highest and there was a significant linear relationship between Rp and 1/VT, indicating the development of obstructive hypopneas. In one subject without added resistance and in the same subject and in another during resistive loading, upper airway obstruction at the nadir of the periodic fluctuations in VT was observed. We conclude that periodic breathing resulting in periodic diminution of upper airway muscle activity is associated with increased upper airway resistance that predisposes upper airways to collapse.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Induction of periodic breathing during sleep causes upper airway obstruction in humans. option2: Standards for monitoring during anesthesia at Harvard [letter]
A:
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Induction of periodic breathing during sleep causes upper airway obstruction in humans.
| 7
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: We have reported previously that in ovalbumin-sensitized canine tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) the maximum ability to shorten is increased. This could account for the increased airway narrowing seen in vivo in allergic bronchoconstriction. It was associated with increased velocity of shortening. We now report that, by using an electromagnetic muscle lever system, quick releases were applied to control and sensitized TSM at 0.5-s intervals throughout the course of a lightly preloaded 10-s isotonic contraction. From the records obtained it is possible to determine that, early in contraction, shortening is brought about by relatively rapidly cycling [0.35 optimal muscle length units +/- 0.033/s (SE)] cross bridges. We also report that in the sensitized TSM it is the early bridges that increase their velocity by 26.6% (P less than 0.05) compared with similar bridges in muscles from control animals. Since 70% of the maximum shortening of the muscle occurs when early bridges are operative, it is likely that these bridges are responsible for the major part of the shortening. It is thus probable that increased allergic bronchoconstriction is produced by increased activity of early, rapidly cycling bridges. The bridges that are active late in the shortening show no difference between control and sensitized airway smooth muscles.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Changes in cross-bridge properties of sensitized airway smooth muscle. option2: The influence of immunity on raw milk--associated Campylobacter infection.
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Changes in cross-bridge properties of sensitized airway smooth muscle.
| 5
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Aneurysms of the extracranial vertebral artery are rare because of the protection afforded by the bony canal, and the literature contains only a few limited reports on this subject. In the view of its rarity, we present the case of a 20-year-old soldier with a traumatic aneurysm of the vertebral artery at the C-2 level. Because of occlusion of the ipsilateral carotid artery, reconstruction of the vertebral artery by autogenous vein graft was undertaken through a posterior approach; because of inadequate mobilization of the artery, continuity was preserved using aneurysmorrhaphy. The literature is reviewed, and the various treatments are discussed.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Traumatic aneurysm of the extracranial vertebral artery. option2: Hypervascular hepatic metastases: CT evaluation.
A:
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Traumatic aneurysm of the extracranial vertebral artery.
| 7
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Although osteoarthritis (OA) generally is considered a disorder of mechanical origin, the common occurrence of chronic mononuclear cell infiltrates in the synovium in conjunction with immunofluorescent evidence for immune-reactant products in cartilage of surgical case specimens (knees, hips, and peripheral joints) has suggested the local involvement of immune processes in the arthritis. Further, the findings of polyarthropathy in the majority of these cases have indicated the propensity for a systemic disorder. Wide variations were noted in both synovial and cartilage immune changes, quite different to those found in rheumatoid arthritis, along with the frequent asymptomatology of the many joints involved. These features, with and without other causative factors, suggest that immune reactions of local and/or systemic origin occur at times in a population at risk for joint degradation.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Immune pathology in polyarticular osteoarthritis. option2: Acute rheumatic fever and poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in an open population: comparative studies of epidemiology and bacteriology.
A:
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Immune pathology in polyarticular osteoarthritis.
| 4
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Hemoperfusion through Amberlite XAD-4 resin column has been shown to effectively remove sedative-hypnotics, analgesics and other drugs causing acute intoxication. There is no appreciable clinical toxicity and dramatic shortening of coma time and possible decrease in mortality may be achieved. Thrombocytopenia and clotting may be diminished by pre-perfusion coating with 2.5% albumin. Albumin coating may facilitate the repeated use of hemoperfusion without any complications. More recently, resin hemoperfusion has been used for procainamide, N-acetylprocainamide and theophylline intoxication achieving exceptionally high clearance rates.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Resin hemoperfusion for drug intoxication--an update. option2: Nortriptyline in depressed patients with left ventricular impairment.
A:
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Resin hemoperfusion for drug intoxication--an update.
| 7
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: After initiation of ibuprofen therapy, a 45-year-old woman developed muscle weakness and tenderness with rhabdomyolysis, culminating in respiratory failure. A muscle biopsy specimen showed a vacuolar myopathy, and markedly decreased muscle carnitine content and carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity. Following recovery, muscle carnitine content was normal but carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity was still abnormally low. The ratio of palmitoyl-coenzyme A plus carnitine to palmitoylcarnitine oxidation by muscle mitochondria isolated from the patient was markedly decreased. We conclude that transiently decreased muscle carnitine content interacted with partial deficiency of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-A to produce rhabdomyolysis and respiratory failure and that ibuprofen may have precipitated the clinical event.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Partial muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase-A deficiency. Rhabdomyolysis associated with transiently decreased muscle carnitine content after ibuprofen therapy. option2: Use of thermogram in detection of meningitis.
A:
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Partial muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase-A deficiency. Rhabdomyolysis associated with transiently decreased muscle carnitine content after ibuprofen therapy.
| 7
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: In a prospective study, 24 high school football players with isolated Grade III injuries of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the knee were treated by conservative management. This included an active rehabilitation program, progressing from immobilization and controlled motion in an orthotic rehabilitation knee brace, to muscle strengthening and agility exercise. A stable knee was achieved in 22 cases; the average recovery time was 29 days. The athletes returned to competitive sports at a mean time of 34 days. These results confirm previous reports of successful nonoperative management of isolated Grade III MCL injuries.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Nonoperative management of isolated grade III collateral ligament injury in high school football players. option2: Phorbol ester serves as a coepibolin in the spreading of primary guinea pig epidermal cells.
Solution:
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Nonoperative management of isolated grade III collateral ligament injury in high school football players.
| 8
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Small amounts (0.1-0.5 mM) of deoxycholate enhanced amylase secretion, which had been induced by submaximal doses of carbachol or cholecystokinin octapeptide, without affecting the maximal levels of these reactions from isolated rat pancreatic acini. Deoxycholate alone did not induce these reactions. The other bile acids such as cholate, chenodeoxycholate, ursodeoxycholate, and taurocholate were also active. Under the similar conditions, deoxycholate enhanced the secretagogue-induced diacylglycerol formation that was derived mainly from the phospholipase C-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphate. Deoxycholate did not enhance the secretagogue-induced hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate or Ca2+ mobilization. Deoxycholate did not affect amylase secretion, which was induced by the simultaneous addition of protein kinase C-activating 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin. Since diacylglycerol and Ca2+ may be responsible for the secretagogue-induced amylase secretion, our results indicate that small amounts of bile acids increase the sensitivity to the secretagogue of diacylglycerol formation and subsequent activation of protein kinase C, and thereby enhance amylase secretion from pancreatic acini.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Enhancement of secretagogue-induced phosphoinositide turnover and amylase secretion by bile acids in isolated rat pancreatic acini. option2: Eosinophiluria--a new method of detection and definition of the clinical spectrum.
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Enhancement of secretagogue-induced phosphoinositide turnover and amylase secretion by bile acids in isolated rat pancreatic acini.
| 0
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: A case of intradural metastasis from endometrial carcinoma to the cauda equina is presented. The clinical presentation and radiographic findings were misleading and suggested a herniated nucleus pulposus. Findings at operation were most suggestive of an ependymoma, but final pathological diagnosis revealed endometrial carcinoma. This has never been reported. Once again it demonstrates that surgeons managing lumbar disc disease must be prepared for possible intradural exploration with an appropriate team.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Unusual metastasis to the cauda equina: case report. option2: Selective chemical catalysis by an antibody.
A:
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Unusual metastasis to the cauda equina: case report.
| 9
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: Fistula or deep sinus formation as a complication of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) has not been described previously in the British literature. We present the clinicopathological features of one case of a nephrodiaphragmatic sinus complicating XPN, and three cases of nephrocolic fistula, including the first recorded case of fistula in childhood XPN. The detailed clinical, radiological and pathological features of XPN and its complications are reviewed. Total nephrectomy, together with primary excision of sinuses or fistulae, is the treatment of choice.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Fistula and sinus formation in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. A clinicopathological review and report of four cases. option2: Polyethylene glycol-modified ragweed extract: comparison of two treatment regimens.
Solution:
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Fistula and sinus formation in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. A clinicopathological review and report of four cases.
| 8
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Published normal histomorphometric data were used to derive distributions of thicknesses of trabecular plates and completed bone remodelling units (the basic multicellular unit carrying out bone remodelling, the BMU, when completed is termed a structural unit BSU). A stochastic model was set up to investigate the predictions of current BMU theory. Each of 100 trabecular "thicknesses" was drawn from the appropriate normal distribution using a pseudorandom number generator. Each day, each of its two surfaces when quiescent was assumed to have a 1:900 chance of initiating a remodelling cycle. Resorption (active, 12 days; reversal phase, 27 days) was followed by formation (94 +/- 35 days) and resulted in BMU balance when resorption depth was 36.8 +/- 9.2 micron. Fenestration (thickness less than 0) was assumed to lead to permanent loss of the trabecula. The original model unrealistically increased its mean trabecular thickness as thin trabeculae were lost. This was corrected by assuming that thin trabeculae had greater osteoblastic stimulation and a consequent tendency to thicken, perhaps due to higher mechanical loading. Over 20 years, 14% of trabeculae were lost when the BMU balance was exact and the distribution of trabecular thicknesses was unchanged. About one-half of fenestrations were due to deeper-than-average resorption cavities developing in thin trabeculae, and the remainder to coincident remodelling on both surfaces. A 10% fall in osteoblast lifespan resulted in an additional 36.7% loss of trabecular bone volume and mean trabecular thickness fell to 83.1 micron, compatible with Courpron's data. Simulating more rapid mechanisms of bone loss, approximately 50% of trabeculae could be lost after ten years by the arrest of bone formation; the doubling of resorption depth with unchanged bone formation; and a doubling in the rate of initiation of new BMUs with unchanged bone formation rate, all three followed by complete recovery of BMU balance after only two years. In each case, mean trabecular thickness fell only transiently but trabeculae continued to be lost after recovery. Prolonged osteoblast life span was the most likely explanation for the increased mean trabecular thicknesses and trabecular bone volumes seen in patients with osteoporosis, when treated with sodium fluoride plus calcium supplements or daily injections of parathyroid peptide hPTH 1-34.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: A stochastic analysis of iliac trabecular bone dynamics. option2: The in vitro fertilization program at the Chinese University of Hong Kong [letter]
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A stochastic analysis of iliac trabecular bone dynamics.
| 5
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: To determine the relative contributions of the atrial and ventricular septa to total cardiac septation in patients with atrioventricular (AV) canal defect, two-dimensional echocardiography was used to measure the length of each portion of the septum in 14 patients with partial AV canal and 13 patients with the complete form of this lesion. Results were compared with similar data from 30 normal children, 10 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and 11 patients with ostium secundum atrial septal defect. In patients with partial AV canal, the portion of total cardiac length occupied by the atrial septum did not differ from normal (24.8 +/- 9.9% versus 28.7 +/- 7.9%, p greater than 0.05), but there was a deficiency of both AV and ventricular septal tissue, the latter occupying only 48.2 +/- 7.0% of total cardiac length (versus 57.9 +/- 4.1% in normal subjects, p less than 0.05). Similarly, patients with complete AV canal had a normal amount of atrial septal tissue, a deficiency of AV septal tissue and a deficiency of ventricular septal tissue which was even greater than that of patients with a partial defect (39.4 +/- 5.0% versus 48.2 +/- 7.0%, p less than 0.05). Thus, although partial AV canal defect is often called ostium primum atrial septal defect, the amount of atrial tissue is usually normal, the defect being formed by a deficiency of AV and ventricular septal tissue. In the complete form of the lesion, the deficiency of ventricular septal tissue is greater.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Cardiac septation in atrioventricular canal defect. option2: Antihypertensive therapy and quality of life [letter]
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Cardiac septation in atrioventricular canal defect.
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The aim of this work was to reestablish the respiratory function of the paralyzed larynx through reinnervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle by phrenic motoneurons. In nine adult cats the adductor branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) of one side was cut and ligated, while the abductor branch was left intact. The whole RLN was then transected lower in the neck and its distal stump anastomosed to the upper branch of the phrenic nerve. Periodical laryngoscopies under ketamine anesthesia assessed that the inspiratory abduction of the paralyzed vocal cord recovered within 45 days to 60 days in all cats. Abduction was caused by reinnervation of the PCA muscle from phrenic motoneurons, as demonstrated by electrophysiological and anatomical (retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase) testings.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Restoring abduction of paralyzed vocal cords in the cat using selective laryngeal reinnervation by phrenic motoneurons. option2: Anterior diaphragm: variations in the CT appearance.
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Restoring abduction of paralyzed vocal cords in the cat using selective laryngeal reinnervation by phrenic motoneurons.
| 5
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: Polypoid epithelial tumors of the duodenum and ampulla of Vater are rarely diagnosed preoperatively without wide application of fiberoptic endoscopy. The symptoms are nonspecific. Only a high index of suspicion will lead to early diagnosis. Life-threatening complications and increased incidence of malignant transformations are associated with delayed diagnosis. This paper reviews 11 patients (nine previously unreported) with villous tumor of the ampulla of Vater and two with this neoplasm in the duodenum. It also reviews the important principles of management illustrated by the behavior of the tumors of these 11 patients compared to those of previous reports. For favorable results, all lesions must be excised in toto and evidence of invasive malignancy must lead to aggressive treatment whenever feasible.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Villous tumors of the duodenum and ampulla of Vater. option2: Reduction mammaplasty: a comparison between the Robbins and Pontes techniques.
Student:
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Villous tumors of the duodenum and ampulla of Vater.
| 6
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: We have determined the messenger RNA activity profiles of epididymal fat in euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid rats as well as in animals fed a high carbohydrate fat-free (lipogenic) diet. Radioautographs of two-dimensional gels of the in vitro translational products of RNA were quantitated by computer-assisted videodensitometry and analyzed by multivariate statistics. Of the 250 spots observed, each presumably representing the translational product of a separate messenger RNA, 21 were responsive to changes in hormonal state. Eighteen increased and two decreased at some stage in the transition from the hypothyroid to the hyperthyroid state. One spot changed in a biphasic manner. Eight products responded to the lipogenic diet, six increasing and two decreasing. Six of these eight spots responded in a similar fashion to thyroid hormone administration. As previously shown for liver, there appears to be a substantial overlap between the genomic response to carbohydrate and thyroid hormone administration. Whereas the carbohydrate-generated changes are largely included in the thyroid-hormone induced alterations, the majority of thyroid hormone responsive changes are not duplicated by the diet. Multivariate analysis showed a clear separation of each state from the others and revealed that it was necessary to monitor only nine spots to achieve an effective separation of the states analyzed.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Effect of thyroid hormones and high carbohydrate feeding on gene expression in rat epididymal adipose tissue. option2: Pulse oximetry for continuous oxygen monitoring in sick newborn infants.
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Effect of thyroid hormones and high carbohydrate feeding on gene expression in rat epididymal adipose tissue.
| 0
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Injection of homologous DNA sequences into nuclei of cultured mammalian cells induces mutations in the cognate chromosomal gene. It appears that these mutations result from incorrect repair of a heteroduplex formed between the introduced and the chromosomal sequence. This phenomenon is termed 'heteroduplex induced mutagenesis'. The high frequency of these events suggests that this method may prove useful for introducing mutations into specific mammalian genes.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Introduction of homologous DNA sequences into mammalian cells induces mutations in the cognate gene. option2: Partially thrombosed giant intracranial aneurysms: correlation of MR and pathologic findings.
|
Introduction of homologous DNA sequences into mammalian cells induces mutations in the cognate gene.
| 5
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Patients with eyelid dermatitis were studied with patch tests and a clinical point method for the diagnosis of atopic skin disease. In 38 patients, contact allergy was found in 11. The dermatitis was an expression of atopic dermatitis in 15 patients.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Eyelid dermatitis: the role of atopy and contact allergy. option2: Toxicological findings in a fatal overdose of verapamil.
A:
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Eyelid dermatitis: the role of atopy and contact allergy.
| 9
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: One hundred and thirty-three patients who had adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were treated by insertion of a single Harrington distraction rod and spinal fusion. Postoperative immobilization consisted of six months in a below-the-shoulder cast. The mean preoperative curve was 50 degrees, with a range of 30 to 110 degrees. The mean final curve was 35 degrees, with a range of 19 to 63 degrees. There were no neurological injuries and no deep wound infections. Twelve patients required further surgery for complications, all of which were treated successfully. The duration of follow-up ranged from twenty-four to seventy-two months. At final follow-up, all patients had resumed their normal preoperative activities without limitations.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated by Harrington-rod distraction and fusion. option2: Symptomatic granular cell tumor of the esophagus.
Student:
|
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated by Harrington-rod distraction and fusion.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Three clinicopathologic cases with a remarkable pattern of extensive diffuse subependymal periventricular spread of cerebral metastases from solid systemic cancer are reported. Two patients had a small cell carcinoma of the lung. In the third case, the histologic features of the brain metastases were consistent with a neuron-specific enolase-positive, small cell anaplastic carcinoma. Involvement of the choroid plexus and leptomeninges was moderate or absent. Intraparenchymatous nodular metastases were not found except in one case in which rare nodular superficial cortical metastases were present. The clinical data were nonspecific except for orthostatic hypotension, in one patient, which was probably due to the infiltration of the floor of the third and fourth ventricles. Results of the cerebrospinal fluid examination, available in two cases, were normal. The only diagnostic investigation was contrast-enhanced computed tomography scanning.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Diffuse subependymal periventricular metastases. Report of three cases. option2: Hyperthyroidism in the elderly.
|
Diffuse subependymal periventricular metastases. Report of three cases.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Results from studies of twin concordance in multiple sclerosis have not conclusively differentiated between environmental and genetic factors that determine susceptibility to the disease. Published studies that have been based on case finding by public appeal have been characterized by difficulties in ascertainment. The data reported here are from a large population-based study of multiple sclerosis in twins, in which ascertainment has been relatively unbiased and the cooperation of patients nearly complete. A total of 5463 patients attending 10 multiple sclerosis clinics across Canada were surveyed. Twenty-seven monozygotic and 43 dizygotic twin pairs were identified, and the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was verified by examination and laboratory investigation. Seven of 27 monozygotic pairs (25.9 percent) and 1 of 43 dizygotic pairs (2.3 percent) were concordant for multiple sclerosis. The concordance rate for 4582 nontwin siblings of patients at two multiple sclerosis clinics was 1.9 percent, closely paralleling the concordance rate in dizygotic twins. To the extent that the difference in concordance rates between monozygotic and dizygotic twins indicates genetic susceptibility, the results of this study show a major genetic component in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: A population-based study of multiple sclerosis in twins. option2: Assessment of impotence with cavernosography [editorial]
Output:
|
A population-based study of multiple sclerosis in twins.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: In this investigation, determinations of peak diastolic filling rate (PDFR) and ejection fraction (EF) by two distinct nuclear techniques--gated radionuclide angiography (RNA) and nuclear cardiac probe (NCP)--were compared with contrast ventriculography in 44 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). In addition, PDFR was tested as a potential index of the severity of disease. Good agreement in PDFR was found between NCP and contrast ventriculography (r = 0.83, p less than 0.001), but there was poor correlation between RNA and contrast ventriculography. Ejection fraction measured by either RNA or NCP correlated well with contrast ventriculography (r = 0.96 and r = 0.73, respectively). A positive correlation was found between PDFR and the EF measured by the NCP (r = 0.79) and by contrast ventriculography (r = 0.64), but poor correlation was found between these parameters by RNA. Patients with multivessel CAD had lower PDFR than patients with single vessel disease when studied by the NCP (1.6 +/- 0.4 versus 2.5 versus 0.6 EDV/sec [mean +/- s.d.], p less than 0.0001), but not by RNA. Thus, compared with contrast ventriculography, determination of PDFR is more accurate by NCP than by RNA. Furthermore, the PDFR measured by NCP, but not by RNA, may be a potentially useful index of the extent of CAD.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Comparison of left ventricular diastolic function as determined by nuclear cardiac probe, radionuclide angiography, and contrast cineangiography. option2: Systemic tetracycline hydrochloride as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of persistent epithelial defects.
A:
|
Comparison of left ventricular diastolic function as determined by nuclear cardiac probe, radionuclide angiography, and contrast cineangiography.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: This study investigates the hypothesis that, as a consequence of Parkinson's disease, disturbed caudate outflow will lead to deficits in cognitive functions dependent upon the integrity of the prefrontal cortex, the cortical focus of caudatofugal signals. Since Parkinson's disease also involves lesions in extra-striatal midbrain cells which reduce the extrinsic supply of dopamine to this cortical region, such functions are at double risk. Forty nondemented parkinsonian patients were drawn from a pool of 100 consecutive patients and matched with 40 normal control subjects according to age, education, IQ, and sex. All patients were quantitatively rated on neurological indices of disease. Neuropsychological assessment of the patient and normal groups included tests of general intelligence, psychomotor skills, memory, visuospatial and executive functions. No global cognitive decline was observed in the parkinsonian group. Moreover, memory and visuospatial abilities were generally intact. A small cluster of deficits emerged, interpreted as reflecting impairment in the ability to spontaneously generate efficient strategies when relying on self-directed task-specific planning. In addition, several tests thought to be sensitive to frontal lobe function distinguished patients with symptoms strongly lateralized to the right versus left side of the body. Deficits in strategic planning were later investigated in relation to severity of disease and to patient attributes including IQ and age, both of which were relevant to performance on specific tasks. Results were compared with previous investigations in parkinsonian patients and discussed from the perspective of both animal and human studies involving damage to the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. As the prefrontal cortex is thought to play a crucial role in self-directed behavioural planning, the validity of an outflow model in predicting the consequences of caudate nucleus dysfunction was supported.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Frontal lobe dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. The cortical focus of neostriatal outflow. option2: Measurement of allergen concentration in the air as an aid in controlling exposure to aeroallergens.
Output:
|
Frontal lobe dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. The cortical focus of neostriatal outflow.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: Five clinical tests in common use for diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndromes have been shown to have little diagnostic value, either individually or in various combinations. No physical sign is useful in the diagnosis of this condition, which should be suspected on the basis of presenting symptoms and confirmed by electrodiagnosis using standard median nerve conduction tests.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Clinical tests for carpal tunnel syndrome: an evaluation. option2: Reversible ischemic left ventricular dysfunction: evidence for the "hibernating myocardium".
Student:
|
Clinical tests for carpal tunnel syndrome: an evaluation.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: The pharmacokinetics of atracurium were studied in infants and children anaesthetized with isoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen. There were no significant differences in volume of distribution (area) (139 v. 152 ml kg-1), clearance (5.1 v. 5.3 ml kg-1 min-1), T1/2 alpha (2.1 v. 2.0 min), or T1/2 beta (19.1 v. 20.3 min) between children with normal hepatic and renal function and those with moderately impaired hepatic function presenting for hepatic transplantation. There were significant differences in volume of distribution (area) (176 v. 139 ml kg-1) and in clearance of atracurium (9.1 v. 5.1 ml kg-1 min-1) between infants and children with normal excretory function. In infants the clearance of atracurium in ml m-2 min-1 (153 v. 133) tended to be greater and the T1/2 alpha and T1/2 beta tended to be shorter (1.0 v. 2.0 and 13.6 v. 19.1) than in children with normal excretory function; however, these trends did not reach statistical significance. Plasma laudanosine concentration was around 100 ng ml-1 greater in patients with liver disease than in normal children from 15-45 min following a bolus of atracurium 0.5 mg kg-1.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Pharmacokinetics of atracurium in anaesthetized infants and children. option2: Treatment of early latent syphilis under 1 year's duration: serologic response to treatment of 368 patients.
Output:
|
Pharmacokinetics of atracurium in anaesthetized infants and children.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Five insulin dependent diabetic patients are reported on who had a few small retinal cotton-wool spots or 'soft exudates' either totally isolated or associated with fewer than 10 microaneurysms. These observations suggest that cotton-wool spots may be an early finding in diabetic retinopathy. Significant biological abnormalities in these patients were high levels of glycosylated haemoglobin and mild increases in thrombin generation, indicating slight activation of the coagulation system. The possible significance of these clinical and biological findings is discussed.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Retinal cotton-wool spots: an early finding in diabetic retinopathy? option2: Quantitative evaluation of aortic insufficiency by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography.
Output:
|
Retinal cotton-wool spots: an early finding in diabetic retinopathy?
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The use of rigid, internal, three-dimensional fixation using vitallium bone plates in 28 consecutive Le Fort I osteotomies is presented. A minimum follow-up period of 6 months was required for inclusion in this patient group. Maxillary movements included advancements (17), intrusions (9), lengthenings (5), and retrusions (2). The majority of maxillae were moved in more than one plane of space. Technical details, complications, and relapse potential are discussed. Advantages of rigid plate fixation include marked reductions in the length of intermaxillary fixation with light training elastics only. Immediate postoperative airway problems are thereby eliminated. Six months of follow-up would appear to indicate a low potential for osseous relapse when compared to wire osteosynthesis, regardless of the direction of maxillary movement. The major disadvantage is the decreased ability of postoperative orthodontics to move dento-osseous segments if skeletal occlusal disharmony persists postoperatively. For this reason, close attention to preoperative planning and operative technique is critical for the success of this fixation method.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Miniplate fixation of Le Fort I osteotomies. option2: Presidential address: China, then and now--a personal perspective. American Association of Endocrine Surgeons.
|
Miniplate fixation of Le Fort I osteotomies.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: Serum estradiol, estriol, progesterone, PRL, and hCG concentrations were measured at 4-week intervals in 40 pregnant women who chronically abused alcohol and in 20 abstinent pregnant women. Sixteen alcohol users gave birth to infants with the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), whereas the remaining 24 infants of alcohol users and all infants of the abstinent women were healthy. The women whose infants had the FAS had decreased estradiol and estriol levels throughout pregnancy. Progesterone levels also tended to be low. In contrast, the alcohol users had increased PRL levels during the 16-24th weeks of pregnancy compared with those in the abstinent women, but this rise was not related to the FAS. The concentrations of hCG fluctuated widely, without any consistent difference between alcohol users and abstinent women. Thus, heavy maternal abuse of alcohol resulting in FAS is accompanied, primarily or secondarily, by reduced estrogen concentrations throughout pregnancy and increased PRL levels during the 16-24th weeks of pregnancy.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Estradiol, estriol, progesterone, prolactin, and human chorionic gonadotropin in pregnant women with alcohol abuse. option2: Sodium channel kinetics in normal and denervated rabbit muscle membrane.
Student:
|
Estradiol, estriol, progesterone, prolactin, and human chorionic gonadotropin in pregnant women with alcohol abuse.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Nine cases of suspected craniotomy flap osteomyelitis evaluated by combined bone and gallium scanning are presented. In six cases, the clinical data were inconclusive and evaluation by radionuclide imaging provided an accurate negative diagnosis. The other three cases considered positive by this technique were proven infected at subsequent exploration and flap removal. The use of radionuclide bone and gallium imaging should be considered in cases of possible craniotomy flap osteomyelitis.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Craniotomy flap osteomyelitis: a diagnostic approach. option2: Safety of local versus general anesthesia for second-trimester dilatation and evacuation abortion [letter]
A:
|
Craniotomy flap osteomyelitis: a diagnostic approach.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: To assess the best method of quantitating progression of coronary disease, we studied four measurements in 114 coronary segments from 35 medically treated patients from whom angiograms were obtained 5 years apart. Only stenoses of less than 70% that were visualized in nearly identical projections on both angiograms were evaluated. Vessel edges were measured by use of catheter calibration and an automated computer algorithm yielding two "absolute dimensions" (mean and minimum diameters) and two measurements (percent stenosis and atheroma area) that required a "normal reference" diameter. The coefficient of variation for repeated segment measurements was less for mean and minimum diameter than for percent stenosis and area of atheroma. The best measure of progression of coronary disease as determined by t test comparison of different methods was the change in mean diameter over time (6.7 +/- 14.1% decrease), whether calculated on a per coronary segment or per patient basis (p less than .001). Based on this measurement and its standard deviation of progression of coronary disease in this patient subset with relatively benign disease, it is estimated that 470 patients per group would be required for an interventional study to demonstrate a 33% reduction in disease progression (207 patients for 50% reduction) at a 95% confidence level and 90% power.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Optimal detection of the progression of coronary artery disease: comparison of methods suitable for risk factor intervention trials. option2: Congenital esophageal stenosis. Transendoscopic web incision.
A:
|
Optimal detection of the progression of coronary artery disease: comparison of methods suitable for risk factor intervention trials.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Intravenous administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS) on three occasions resulted in fever, rash, and wheezing in a 30-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with Pneumocytis carinii pneumonia. Pentamidine administration produced fever, severe myositis, and clinical deterioration, and therefore, desensitization to TMS was attempted. This was done with low doses of oral suspension and then intravenous administration during a period of 60 hours. The patient reacted with fevers, arthralgia, and erythema that cleared 4 days after the desensitization was completed. This single case of successful desensitization to TMS in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome suggests that the oral route may be useful in similar situations when this drug is urgently needed.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Oral desensitization to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. option2: Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 2-1987. A 30-year-old man with ataxia-telangiectasia and dysphagia.
|
Oral desensitization to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm is readily diagnosed when the triad of abdominal or back pain, shock and a pulsatile abdominal mass are present. Clinical diagnosis can be difficult, however, when patients present with chronic pain and an aneurysm which is not readily palpable. In these patients with confusing abdominal symptoms, CT scan provides a rapid, noninvasive diagnosis. The acute leaking AAA has been documented, but only rarely. This report identifies two patients who ruptured an aortic aneurysm several "months" prior to operation--a "contained chronic" rupture.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: "Chronic-contained" ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: is it real? option2: Systematic ankle stabilization and the effect on performance.
A:
|
"Chronic-contained" ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: is it real?
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The College of Family Physicians of Canada uses a simulated office oral examination to test candidates for certification in family medicine. This examination has been highly successful. An analysis of this instrument provides a description of skills required for a certificant of the college. Its basic outline can be used to assess residents' interviewing skills during training and to help prepare them for practice.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Assessing interviewing skills: the simulated office oral examination. option2: Extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery: a critical analysis in light of the International Cooperative Study.
|
Assessing interviewing skills: the simulated office oral examination.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: We report an 18-year-old man with a pericardial effusion complicating idiopathic ulcerative colitis. Circulating immune complexes were absent. He responded to sulfasalazine and prednisone, with resolution of the pericarditis and improvement in the symptoms of his inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We recommend looking for pericardial effusion or pericarditis in patients with IBD and chest symptoms, and for IBD in obscure cases of these cardiac disorders.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Pericarditis and ulcerative colitis. option2: India screens foreign students for AIDS [news]
Output:
|
Pericarditis and ulcerative colitis.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The risk of developing spontaneous ventricular tachycardia (VT) and/or sudden death ("arrhythmic events") was prospectively assessed in 165 patients who survived acute myocardial infarction. Signal-averaged electrocardiograms (ECGs) were performed before hospital discharge and then serially at regular intervals over the following year. In addition, 24 hr Holter monitoring was performed and left ventricular ejection fraction was determined. Sixty-five patients (group 1) had abnormal signal-averaged ECGs (voltage in the last 40 msec of the filtered QRS less than 20 microV or filtered QRS duration greater than 120 msec), 92 had normal signal-averaged ECGs (group 2), and eight had bundle branch block (excluded from analysis). In group 1, spontaneous normalization of the voltage in the last 40 msec of the QRS complex occurred in 30% of patients after 12 months, although total filtered QRS duration did not change overall. During follow-up of up to 20 months (median 11), seven patients died suddenly and six presented again with spontaneous, symptomatic VT. Eleven of 65 (17%) group 1 patients had an arrhythmic event compared with one of 92 patients (1%) in group 2 (p less than .001). The sensitivity of the signal-averaged ECG as a predictor of arrhythmic events was 92% with a specificity of 62%. Patients with subsequent arrhythmic events had considerably lower voltage in the last 40 msec of the QRS (11.0 +/- 8.3 vs 32.0 +/- 21.9 microV; p less than .001) than those without such events, and longer filtered QRS complexes (121 +/- 14 vs 105 +/- 12 msec; p less than .001). Multivariate logistic regression determined that the signal-averaged ECG provided independent prognostic information from the presence of complex ventricular ectopy and the degree of left ventricular dysfunction assessed at the time of hospital discharge. Signal-averaged ECGs provide important prognostic information in identifying patients at risk of arrhythmic events after myocardial infarction. Dynamic changes in the terminal QRS voltage are observed during the first year after myocardial infarction.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Late potentials detected after myocardial infarction: natural history and prognostic significance. option2: Sulindac-associated small bowel lesion.
Output:
|
Late potentials detected after myocardial infarction: natural history and prognostic significance.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Primary monolayer cultures of human fetal adrenal cells maintained in either lipoprotein-depleted or lipoprotein-supplemented media responded chronically to ACTH treatment with similarly increased steroid secretion. The principal steroid secreted into each medium was dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. The presence of human low density lipoprotein (hLDL) in the medium enhanced the secretion of nonsulfoconjugated steroids, especially dehydroepiandrosterone. The secretion rate of 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione was similar to that of cortisol. In the absence of hLDL, ACTH increased cholesterologenesis to maintain the high rates of steroid secretion. After ACTH treatment, increased accumulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, a rate-determining enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, was found. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that this enzyme was a 97K protein in human fetal adrenal cells. Interestingly, the content of this enzyme in cells treated with ACTH in lipoprotein-depleted medium was similar to that in adrenal fetal zone tissue. This finding suggests that cholesterologenesis de novo in addition to plasma LDL is important as a source of steroid precursor in vivo in the human fetal adrenal gland.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Steroidogenesis in the human fetal adrenal: a role for cholesterol synthesized de novo. option2: A quantitative comparison of satellite cell ultrastructure in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, polymyositis, and normal controls.
|
Steroidogenesis in the human fetal adrenal: a role for cholesterol synthesized de novo.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Fibroblasts from two affected members of a large pedigree in which osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type IV is genetically linked to the pro alpha 2(I) gene of type I collagen synthesize two populations of pro alpha 2(I) chains. One population is normal; the second population appears to have a deletion of about 10 amino acid residues from the middle of the triple helical domain. The mutation in pro alpha 2(I) causes increased posttranslational modification in the amino-terminal half of some pro alpha 1(I) chains, lowers the melting temperature of type I collagen molecules that incorporate a mutant pro alpha 2(I) chain, and prevents or delays the secretion of those molecules from fibroblasts in cell culture. On the basis of this study and linkage studies in additional families, it appears that the OI type IV phenotype is often the result of heterozygosity for mutations in pro alpha 2(I) that alter the triple helical structure of type I collagen.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Osteogenesis imperfecta type IV. Biochemical confirmation of genetic linkage to the pro alpha 2(I) gene of type I collagen. option2: Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 48-1986. A 20-year-old Cambodian immigrant with systemic lupus erythematosus and respiratory distress.
|
Osteogenesis imperfecta type IV. Biochemical confirmation of genetic linkage to the pro alpha 2(I) gene of type I collagen.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: The uptake of [125I]T3 in rat skeletal muscle was investigated by incubating intact soleus muscles with a tracer amount of [125I]T3. At 37 C [125I]T3 uptake increased asymptotically; at 60 min the muscle contained 10% of the total [125I]T3 or 0.238 +/- 0.021% per mg wet tissue. At 0 C the [125I]T3 uptake was 1/5 of that at 37 C. The specific [125I]T3 uptake, determined by subtracting the uptake in the presence of 10 microM unlabeled T3 from the total [125I]T3 uptake, attained a plateau after 60 min. Washout experiments, done by first incubating the muscle for 60 min at 37 C or 0 C with [125I]T3 and then at 0 C for 3 h with unlabeled T3, showed that 21 +/- 2% or 58 +/- 4% of the radioactivity, respectively, was released, indicating an intracellular location of the hormone after incubation at 37 C. Addition of increasing concentrations of L-T3, D-T3 and L-T4 caused a progressive inhibition of the [125I]T3 uptake; the 50% inhibitory concentrations being 400 nM, 7 microM, and more than 15 microM, respectively. Preincubation of soleus muscles with metabolic inhibitors almost completely inhibited [125I]T3 specific uptake, with oligomycin and antimycin causing 98 +/- 4% and 81 +/- 3% reduction, respectively. Monodansylcadaverine and bacitracin, inhibitors of receptor-mediated endocytosis, reduced the specific [125I]T3 uptake in a dose-dependent manner up to 67 +/- 3% and 62 +/- 2%, respectively. These results indicate the presence of a saturable, stereospecific, and energy-dependent process responsible, at least in part, for T3 uptake in rat skeletal muscle. This specific T3 uptake may be a receptor-mediated endocytosis process.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Energy-dependent uptake of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine in rat skeletal muscle. option2: Brain damage from boxing [letter]
A:
|
Energy-dependent uptake of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine in rat skeletal muscle.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Brain topography may have its earliest expression as spatial gradients of molecules controlling the deposition of neurones and neuronal processes. In the vertebrate visual system there is evidence that the stereotyped alignment of central retinal projections relies on an initial spatially organized distribution of molecules in both the retina and its central target nuclei. We used an immunological approach to look for molecules that are so organized and produced a monoclonal antibody (JONES) which shows a pronounced dorsal to ventral gradient of binding in the rat retina throughout the period when retinal ganglion cell axons are forming topographically organized projections within the central nervous system (CNS). Binding is present throughout the radial thickness of the retinal epithelium in regions where postmitotic neurones are generated but is not associated with any consistent histological characteristic of the tissue. The antibody was shown to bind on the cell surface of freshly dissociated retinal cells, and dorsal retinal quadrants were found in vitro to have nearly twice as much antigen as ventral retinal quadrants. Initial biochemical characterization of the target epitope reveals that it is a lipid present in chloroform/methanol extracts from perinatal retina and is sensitive to neuraminidase digestion.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: A cell surface molecule distributed in a dorsoventral gradient in the perinatal rat retina [published erratum appears in Nature 1987 Jan 15-21:284] option2: Developmental features of the neonatal brain: MR imaging. Part I. Gray-white matter differentiation and myelination.
Output:
|
A cell surface molecule distributed in a dorsoventral gradient in the perinatal rat retina [published erratum appears in Nature 1987 Jan 15-21:284]
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: The purpose of this study was to define as a distinct clinical entity the syndrome of neurapraxia of the cervical spinal cord with transient quadriplegia. The sensory changes include burning pain, numbness, tingling, and loss of sensation, while the motor changes range from weakness to complete paralysis. The episodes are transient and complete recovery usually occurs in ten to fifteen minutes, although in some patients gradual resolution occurs over a period of thirty-six to forty-eight hours. Except for burning paresthesia, pain in the neck is not present at the time of injury and there is complete return of motor function and full, pain-free motion of the cervical spine. In our series, routine roentgenograms of the cervical spine were negative for fractures or dislocations in all patients. However, the roentgenographic findings did include developmental spinal stenosis in seventeen patients, congenital fusion in five patients, cervical instability in four patients, and intervertebral disc disease in six patients. Spinal stenosis was determined by two different roentgenographic methods. The first was the standard method, and the second was a ratio method devised by us. Both measurements were made at the level of the third through the sixth vertebral body on a routine lateral roentgenogram of the cervical spine that was available for twenty-four of the thirty-two patients and for a control group of forty-nine male subjects of similar age who did not have any neurological complaints. Using the ratio method, a measurement of less than 0.80 indicated significant spinal stenosis in the group of twenty-four patients for whom roentgenograms were available, as compared with a ratio of approximately 1.00 or more in the control group. There was statistically significant spinal stenosis (p less than 0.0001) in all of the patients as compared with the control subjects by both methods of determining spinal stenosis. A survey of 503 schools participating in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football in the 1984 season found that 1.3 per 10,000 athletes had a history that was suggestive of neurapraxia of the cervical spinal cord. The phenomenon of neurapraxia of the cervical spinal cord occurs in individuals with developmental stenosis of the cervical spine, congenital fusion, cervical instability, or protrusion of an intervertebral disc in association with a decrease in the anteroposterior diameter of the spinal canal. We postulate that in athletes with diminution of the anteroposterior diameter of the spinal canal the spinal cord can, on forced hyperextension or hyperflexion, be compressed, causing transitory motor and sensory manifestations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Neurapraxia of the cervical spinal cord with transient quadriplegia. option2: Kaposi's sarcoma: report of five cases treated with radiotherapy.
Solution:
|
Neurapraxia of the cervical spinal cord with transient quadriplegia.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: A medical and engineering study was made of 1074 car accidents involving 2520 vehicle occupants. The injuries they sustained were correlated with details of the crash and with contact points inside the cars. Where possible the forces which were generated in the crash were estimated and related to the injuries. In all, 39 car occupants suffered femoral shaft fracture, with an incidence of 1.7% and 0.8% for front and rear seat occupants respectively. Of these, 31 had associated injuries to other regions of the body; these were the cause of 13 of the 14 deaths in this group. Associated injuries were more severe in car occupants who were not wearing seat belts but the incidence of femoral fracture was not significantly different. The mean velocity change (delta-V) causing femoral fracture was 26 mph (42 km/h) and there was a higher incidence of femoral shaft fracture when delta-V was over 30 mph. Estimates of forces needed to cause fracture were higher than those found in cadaver studies. The time to union of femoral fractures did not correlate with the severity of the crash but was longer (mean 19 weeks) than the average for other femoral fractures.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Biomechanical aspects of femoral fractures in automobile accidents. option2: Clinician's approach to echocardiography.
A:
|
Biomechanical aspects of femoral fractures in automobile accidents.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: The correct diagnosis and characterization of C1-inhibitor deficiency depends on both clinical observations and laboratory evaluation of complement in plasma. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis for C4d is a sensitive assay for C4 activation in plasma. We have evaluated the value of this assay in identifying patients with C1-inhibitor deficiency. C4 activation was assessed in the plasmas of 15 patients with hereditary angioedema, five patients with variant form of hereditary angioedema, and four patients with acquired C1-inhibitor deficiency. Control groups consisted of 27 patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria and/or angioedema and seven normal volunteers. C4 activation was detected in all 52 plasma samples collected from the 24 patients with C1-inhibitor deficiency. The degree of C4 activation increased during attacks of angioedema and decreased (but remained elevated) during treatment with attenuated androgens. The concentrations of C4, C2, and C1 inhibitor were also measured; however, none of these measurements identified all of the patients with C1-inhibitor deficiency. Thus, we conclude that the measurement of C4 activation is one of the best tests available to evaluate a patient for C1-inhibitor deficiency, and a normal result will exclude the diagnosis of C1-inhibitor deficiency.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The value of rocket immunoelectrophoresis for C4 activation in the evaluation of patients with angioedema or C1-inhibitor deficiency. option2: Chernobyl fallout in size-fractionated aerosol [letter]
Solution:
|
The value of rocket immunoelectrophoresis for C4 activation in the evaluation of patients with angioedema or C1-inhibitor deficiency.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: An orientated substratum has been implicated in the development and regeneration of axons and synapses. We prepared a basement membrane matrix from autogenous striated muscle, used it to repair the sciatic nerve in rats, then investigated the results by histology and electrophysiology. When treated grafts were coaxially aligned with the nerve fascicles functional recovery appeared within 30 days, with good growth of axons into the distal nerve. Grafts with myotubes at right angles to the nerve fascicles supported nerve regeneration but at a slower rate. Grafts of coaxially aligned but untreated muscle allowed axon penetration only through naturally degenerated muscle fibres, with minimal axon penetration of the distal nerve. It is concluded that in the rat a treated graft with correctly orientated empty myotubes can facilitate and guide the regeneration of peripheral nerve after injury and so lead to recolonisation of the distal stump with functional recovery.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Regeneration of the sciatic nerve in rats. The effect of muscle basement membrane. option2: Methylene blue infusion for intraoperative identification of the parathyroid glands.
A:
|
Regeneration of the sciatic nerve in rats. The effect of muscle basement membrane.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The presence of antibodies to muramyl dipeptide (MDP), an adjuvant structure of streptococcal peptidoglycan, was investigated in patients with acute rheumatic fever (ARF). The detection of these antibodies was done by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a synthetic multivalent MDP conjugate as an antigen. Sera from 33 of 54 children with ARF had detectable levels of antibodies to MDP at the time of diagnosis. Such antibodies could only be detected in sera from two of 52 healthy children and one of 21 children with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. The specificity of the antibodies to MDP was demonstrated by inhibition, with free MDP, of binding of the sera to the MDP conjugate. The possible use of these antibodies in the diagnosis of ARF and in screening for safe synthetic muramyl peptides in immunization of humans is discussed.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Detection of antibodies to muramyl dipeptide, the adjuvant moiety of streptococcal cell wall, in patients with rheumatic fever. option2: Relationship between abnormalities of coagulation and fibrinolysis and postoperative intracranial hemorrhage in head injury.
|
Detection of antibodies to muramyl dipeptide, the adjuvant moiety of streptococcal cell wall, in patients with rheumatic fever.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Using roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA), the integrity of the bond between the tibial component and the tibia was studied in seven knees, implanted with a cemented Kinematic total knee prosthesis for gonarthrosis. Migration ranging from 0.3 to 1.9 mm over a two-year period occurred in all seven cases. Displacement, induced by external forces, ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 mm was observed in five cases. Measurable migration and inducible displacement may be the rule rather than an exception in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Accordingly, absolute rigid fixation would not be necessary for successful function of a TKA.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Tibial component fixation in knee arthroplasty. option2: Selective recovery of deranged water-holding properties by stratum corneum lipids.
Output:
|
Tibial component fixation in knee arthroplasty.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: The role in the pathogenesis of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis of C5 or some terminal complement component dependent upon C5 for activation was explored in a congenic strain of C5 sufficient (NSN) and C5 deficient (OSN) mice. When these mice were given daily injections of heterologous protein, horse apoferritin (HAF), there were profound differences between the strains in the development of glomerulonephritis and renal dysfunction. When NSN and OSN mice produced low levels of anti-HAF, NSN mice developed extensive glomerular deposits of HAF and immune reactants and a mild proliferative glomerulonephritis. In contrast, comparable OSN mice developed only trace mesangial localization of HAF and no glomerular lesions by light microscopy. When NSN and OSN mice produced high levels of anti-HAF, both strains had equivalent glomerular immune deposits; however, NSN mice developed a severe necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis, while OSN mice had much less glomerular injury. Compared to OSN mice, these NSN mice also had much more severe tubulointerstitial injury, and significantly higher serum creatinine levels. Thus, in this experimental model, the absence of C5 resulted in reduced glomerular immune complex localization when there were small amounts of circulating immune reactants; and in markedly reduced glomerular leukocyte influx, necrosis and crescent formation, when large amounts of immune reactants have localized in glomeruli. These effects could be mediated by C5 (such as C5a) or by some terminal complement component(s) dependent upon C5 for activation.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Immune complex induced glomerular lesions in C5 sufficient and deficient mice. option2: Current issues in transfusion therapy. 1. Risks of infection.
Student:
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Immune complex induced glomerular lesions in C5 sufficient and deficient mice.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: We hypothesize that the respiratory and functional states of the very low birth weight infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia can be improved in the neonatal intensive care unit by prevention of inappropriate sensory input. To test this hypothesis, we developed for preterm newborns a behavior observation method that catalogues specific reaction patterns according to putative stress and relaxation behaviors. We then collected behavioral information and heart rate, respiratory rate, and transcutaneous PO2 readings before, during, and after routine care-giving interventions. Eight control and eight experimental infants were selected for study based on the following criteria: birth weight less than 1,250 g, gestational age less than 28 weeks, on the respirator greater than 24 hours in first 48 hours of life at greater than or equal to 0.60 FiO2 for more than two hours during first 48 hours of life. Additionally, the two groups were comparable on other medical and demographic variables, including severity of respiratory status for the first ten days and incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus, and socioeconomic status. Systematic observations were conducted on days 10, 20, and 30 after birth and at 36 and 40 weeks postconception. For the intervention infants, our observations were discussed with the infants' primary nurses, and individualized modifications for each infant's care plan were implemented based on these observations. Experimental infants showed significantly briefer stays on the respirator (P less than .01) and in increased FiO2 (P less than .05). Their feeding behavior was normalized significantly earlier (P less than .01). Experimental infants also showed significantly better behavioral regulation scores at 1 month after their mothers' estimated dates of confinement (post-EDC), as measured with the Assessment of Preterm Infants' Behavior, significantly better Mental and Psychomotor Developmental Indices at 3, 6, and 9 months post-EDC, as measured with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, and significantly better behavioral regulation scores at 9 months post-EDC, as measured in a videotaped play observation. Measurements of weight, height, and head circumference at 3, 6, and 9 months post-EDC showed no differences. All assessments were performed by one of two trained testers not familiar with the goals of the study or the group status of the infant. These results support the hypothesis that very low birth weight preterm babies profit significantly both medically and developmentally from individualized behavioral care in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Individualized behavioral and environmental care for the very low birth weight preterm infant at high risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia: neonatal intensive care unit and developmental outcome. option2: Short latency somatosensory-evoked potentials in children--Part 4. Findings with cerebral lesions.
A:
|
Individualized behavioral and environmental care for the very low birth weight preterm infant at high risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia: neonatal intensive care unit and developmental outcome.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Daily human energy requirements calculated from separate components of energy expenditure are inaccurate and usually in poor agreement with measured energy intakes. Measurement of energy expenditure over periods of 24 h or longer is needed to determine more accurately rates of daily energy expenditure in humans. We provide a detailed description of a human respiratory chamber and methods used to determine rates of energy expenditure over 24-h periods in 177 subjects. The results show that: fat-free mass (FFM) as estimated by densitometry is the best available determinant of 24-h energy expenditures (24EE) and explains 81% of the variance observed between individuals (24EE [kcal/d] = 597 + 26.5 FFM); 24EE in an individual is very reproducible (coefficient of variation = 2.4%); and even when adjusted for differences in FFM, there is still considerable interperson variability of the daily energy expenditure. A large portion of the variability of 24EE among individuals, independent of differences in body size, was due to variability in the degree of spontaneous physical activity, i.e., "fidgeting," which accounted for 100-800 kcal/d in these subjects.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Determinants of 24-hour energy expenditure in man. Methods and results using a respiratory chamber. option2: Hematologic data in the case records [letter]
A:
|
Determinants of 24-hour energy expenditure in man. Methods and results using a respiratory chamber.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Placement of an unheated miniaturized oxygen electrode against the palpebral conjunctiva permits noninvasive measurement of tissue oxygen tension. In this study, the relationship between conjunctival oxygen tension (PcjO2) and standard cardiorespiratory variables was examined during a sequential resuscitation protocol after acute hemorrhage. Anesthetized dogs were rapidly bled to a mean arterial pressure of 40 mm Hg and then retransfused with the shed blood in a stepwise fashion. PcjO2 fell to 2% of control values after hemorrhage and did not return to prehemorrhage values until more than 90% of the shed blood had been reinfused. PcjO2 was among the last set of cardiorespiratory variables to return to control values during resuscitation and was the last noninvasive variable to normalize. The ratio of PcjO2 to arterial oxygen tension decreased from a prehemorrhage value of 0.76 +/- 0.05 (SEM) to 0.02 +/- 0.003 after hemorrhage, and did not increase to values greater than 0.50 until resuscitation was more than 90% complete. Conjunctival oxygen monitoring may play an important role in assessing the adequacy of resuscitation after acute hemorrhage.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Cardiorespiratory and conjunctival oxygen tension monitoring during resuscitation from hemorrhage. option2: Coping and recovery styles in the Vietnam era prisoner of war.
A:
|
Cardiorespiratory and conjunctival oxygen tension monitoring during resuscitation from hemorrhage.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: The phagocytic activity of peripheral blood mononuclear phagocytes for Staphylococcus epidermis of healthy non-pregnant and pregnant women throughout pregnancy was examined in relation to gestational age. The study included 30 healthy non-pregnant women and 90 healthy pregnant women equally distributed across the three trimesters. Two variables were investigated: the number of mononuclear cells in phagocytosis and the average number of bacteria per monocyte in phagocytosis. As pregnancy progressed a gradual and significant increase was found in the number of monocytes in phagocytosis and a significantly higher proportion of macrophages with six or more bacteria per phagocyte.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Enhanced phagocytosis of mononuclear phagocytes in pregnancy. option2: Determinants of left ventricular aneurysm formation after anterior myocardial infarction: a clinical and angiographic study.
Output:
|
Enhanced phagocytosis of mononuclear phagocytes in pregnancy.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Conization specimens with a histologic diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III were reviewed with respect to cytology findings in the three months preceding conization. In 29% of the cases, one or more false-negative cytology reports preceded conization. No dysplastic cells were found on review of the false-negative cytology slides from these cases. Morphometric analysis of surface dysplasia in the conization specimens was performed to explain these findings. A statistically significantly greater surface area of dysplasia and greater spread of dysplastic cells in the endocervical canal was found in the positive cytology when compared to the false-negative cytology cases. No difference in vaginal spread of dysplasia existed between the two groups. The endocervical canal was sampled with a moist cotton swab in all of the cases. The results suggest that small numbers of dysplastic cells high in the endocervical canal may not be effectively sampled by cotton swabs in cases of false-negative cervical cytology, lowering screening sensitivity.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Morphometric analysis of dysplasia in cervical cone biopsy specimens in cases with false-negative cytology. option2: Posterior fusion for atlanto-axial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis.
A:
|
Morphometric analysis of dysplasia in cervical cone biopsy specimens in cases with false-negative cytology.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Forty-three women with unexplained infertility and 16 women who ovulated with clomiphene citrate therapy, yet failed to conceive, were evaluated because of the presence of expressible galactorrhea and normal random prolactin levels. The overall mean duration of infertility for these women was 5.68 +/- 0.33 years (mean +/- standard error) and their mean age was 30.20 +/- 0.46 years. Fifty-two of these women had primary infertility. Three treatment protocols were evaluated. Twenty-five women with unexplained infertility (Group A) received low-dose bromocriptine (1.25 to 2.5 mg) at bedtime for the first 18 days of the cycle; 18 women with unexplained infertility (group B) received 100 mg of pyridoxine continuously; and 16 women receiving clomiphene citrate (group C) also received bromocriptine in a manner similar to that for group A. All subjects were followed for six treatment cycles or until pregnancy occurred. The estimated cumulative pregnancy rate after six treatment cycles was 65% for groups A and C, which is significantly higher than the 22% rate for group B (Lee-Desu statistic = 4.66, P = 0.03). Women treated with bromocriptine were 2.3 times more likely to conceive than women treated with pyridoxine. Furthermore, those infertile galactorrheic women whose random prolactin level was greater than or equal to 15 ng/ml were most likely to conceive. Expressible galactorrhea in women with unexplained infertility and high normal prolactin concentrations may serve as a clinical sign indicating those women who may benefit from low-dose bromocriptine treatment administered at bedtime.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Bromocriptine therapy in normoprolactinemic women with unexplained infertility and galactorrhea. option2: Hepatic glycolytic intermediates in fed and fasted rats after severe hemorrhage.
A:
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Bromocriptine therapy in normoprolactinemic women with unexplained infertility and galactorrhea.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Pulsatile LH secretion was studied to determine if the frequency of LH pulses was altered by the administration of clomiphene citrate (CC; 150 mg) for 5 days during the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Seven normal women received CC or placebo in alternate cycles in a randomized double blind fashion. On the day after drug administration, blood samples were obtained at 15-min intervals for 8 h for serum LH determinations. Daily blood samples were also obtained throughout the luteal phase for determination of serum LH, estradiol (E2), and progesterone. LH pulse frequency increased from 2.4 +/- 0.5 (+/- SEM)/8 h after placebo to 3.9 +/- 0.6/8 h (P less than 0.01) after CC treatment, but pulse amplitude did not change. The transverse mean of serum LH was higher after CC (13.6 +/- 0.5 mIU/ml) than after placebo (8.4 +/- 0.3 mIU/ml; P less than 0.001), and luteal phase length was increased from 13.5 +/- 0.5 to 16.0 +/- 0.4 days (P less than 0.001) by administration of CC. Luteal phase levels of E2 and progesterone measured daily were significantly elevated (P less than 0.01) in CC-treated cycles. These findings suggest that CC increases the frequency of hypothalamic GnRH secretory episodes, perhaps by an action involving a decrease in endogenous opioid peptide activity. Since peripheral progesterone levels were elevated in the CC-treated cycles, E2 may play a permissive role in the ability of progesterone to increase endogenous opioid peptide activity acutely. Furthermore, since the luteal phase was significantly prolonged by an increase in endogenous LH pulse frequency, the slow frequency of LH pulses in the normal late luteal phase may contribute to the onset of luteolysis in the human.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The effect of luteal phase estrogen antagonism on luteinizing hormone pulsatility and luteal function in women. option2: Improvement of screening in exertional myalgia with a standardized ischemic forearm test.
Output:
|
The effect of luteal phase estrogen antagonism on luteinizing hormone pulsatility and luteal function in women.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Three case presentations illustrate that the clinical signs and symptoms of occipital neuralgia may be produced by myofascial pain. Assessment of myofascial trigger points is needed before making a diagnosis of occipital neuralgia. Myofascial trigger points can be effectively treated with minimally invasive procedures, thereby avoiding irreversible surgical interventions.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Myofascial pain may present clinically as occipital neuralgia. option2: Pulmonary nodules: detection of calcification by linear and pluridirectional movement in tomographic study [letter]
A:
|
Myofascial pain may present clinically as occipital neuralgia.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Human and experimental colitis are associated with release of both vasoconstrictor and vasodilator eicosanoids. To determine the pattern of colonic blood flow in vivo and the role of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, immune complex-mediated colitis and delayed hypersensitivity-mediated colitis were induced in rabbits. Organ blood flow was determined in conscious animals by radiolabeled microspheres before and after cyclooxygenase or thromboxane synthetase inhibition. Colonic blood flow was twofold higher in colitis than in control animals. Thromboxane synthetase inhibition with dazoxiben caused a slight further increase of colon perfusion in animals with colitis, but thromboxane receptor blockade had no effect. Prostaglandin inhibition with indomethacin and ibuprofen did not affect blood flow in controls, but in animals with colitis these drugs markedly reduced colonic blood flow to the level of control animals. The data demonstrate that vasodilatory prostaglandins enhance colonic blood flow in acute colon inflammation.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Prostaglandin regulation of colonic blood flow in rabbit colitis. option2: Leads from the MMWR. Cholera in Louisiana--update.
Output:
|
Prostaglandin regulation of colonic blood flow in rabbit colitis.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Fluctuations of mood and psychic activation were assessed in relation to "mobile" and "immobile" periods in 18 patients with Parkinson's disease presenting typical "end-of-dose deterioration". Twelve subjects with chronic but active rheumatoid arthritis presenting increased physical disability due to severe morning joint stiffness with a repetitive pattern of mobile and immobile periods acted as controls. The overall degree of disability and its fluctuations were close enough in the two groups for fair comparison of changes in affective behaviour. Temporary immobility was accompanied by adverse changes of mood and activation, which were significantly more marked in the Parkinson's disease group than in the controls, though to a lesser extent in those Parkinson's disease patients rated depressed even in their mobile periods. The possible correlation between mood changes and fluctuations of central dopaminergic function in the Parkinson's disease patients is discussed.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Mood changes associated with "end-of-dose deterioration" in Parkinson's disease: a controlled study. option2: Peripheral neuropathy in systemic vasculitis: clinical and electrophysiologic study of 22 patients.
A:
|
Mood changes associated with "end-of-dose deterioration" in Parkinson's disease: a controlled study.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: By use of an improved density measuring system, we found that the gravimetric density of arterial blood of dogs fluctuates at the same frequency as the spontaneous or mechanical ventilation. Similar density fluctuations were observed in the blood leaving isolated, perfused lobes of dogs that were ventilated cyclicly. Employing an analysis that balanced the erythrocyte and plasma flows through distensible capillaries containing blood with a tube hematocrit lower than the hematocrit in large blood vessels, we derived a relationship to estimate from the density fluctuation the change in pulmonary capillary blood volume (Vc). For mechanical ventilation, the maximum change in density over one ventilation cycle increased from 0.084 +/- 0.01 to 0.47 +/- 0.05 (SE) g/l as the frequency decreased from 29 to 6 cycles/min. These density changes were estimated to be the result of an 1-16% change in Vc. A larger tidal volume for the mechanical ventilation led to a larger density fluctuation. The maximum density change of spontaneous respiration of 6 cycles/min was one-sixth of the mechanical case, indicating a much smaller change in Vc during spontaneous respiration. When the airway flow resistance was increased for spontaneous respiration, larger density fluctuations were observed.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Ventilatory changes of pulmonary capillary blood volume assessed by arterial density. option2: Tubulo-interstitial lesions mediate renal damage in adriamycin glomerulopathy.
A:
|
Ventilatory changes of pulmonary capillary blood volume assessed by arterial density.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: Proximal tibial osteotomy is commonly performed for osteoarthritis of the knee with deformity. The results of 105 dome osteotomies have been reviewed at a minimum follow-up of one year and an average of 4.8 years. Before operation all the knees were painful, 50.5% severely; a further 45.7% disturbed sleep at night. At review 15.2% of knees were free of pain and 60% had only slight pain which did not restrict activity. The preoperative range of movement was maintained and there was only a slight tendency for radiological changes to progress, with actual improvement in some cases. No correlation was found between the correction of deformity to physiological valgus and the result. We cannot explain why tibial osteotomy produces such useful and sustained pain relief.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Dome osteotomy of the tibia for osteoarthritis of the knee. option2: Transient global amnesia and the amnestic syndrome.
Solution:
|
Dome osteotomy of the tibia for osteoarthritis of the knee.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The present study was undertaken to investigate energy balance in professional male breath-hold divers in Tsushima Island, Japan. In 4 divers, rectal (Tre) and mean skin (Tsk) temperatures and rate of O2 consumption (VO2) were measured during diving work in summer (27 degrees C water) and winter (14 degrees C water). Thermal insulation and energy costs of diving work were estimated. In summer, comparisons were made of subjects clad either in wet suits (protected) or in swimming trunks (unprotected), and in winter, they wore wet suits. The average Tre in unprotected divers decreased to 36.4 +/- 0.2 degrees C at the end of 1-h diving work, but in protected divers it decreased to 37.2 +/- 0.3 degrees C in 2 h in summer and to 36.9 +/- 0.1 degree C in 1.5 h in winter. The average Tsk of unprotected divers decreased to 28.0 +/- 0.6 degrees C in summer and that of protected divers decreased to 32.9 +/- 0.5 degrees C in summer and 28.0 +/- 0.3 degrees C in winter. Average VO2 increased 190% (from 370 ml/min before diving to 1,070 ml/min) in unprotected divers in summer, but in protected divers it rose 120% (from 360 to 780 ml/min) in summer and 110% (from 330 to 690 ml/min) in winter. Overall thermal insulation (tissue and wet suit) calculated for protected divers was 0.065 +/- 0.006 degree C X kcal-1 X m-2 X h-1 in summer and 0.135 +/- 0.019 degree C X kcal-1 X m-2 X h-1 in winter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Energetics of wet-suit diving in Japanese male breath-hold divers. option2: Voluntary self-exclusion to reduce transmission of AIDS by blood transfusion [letter]
Output:
|
Energetics of wet-suit diving in Japanese male breath-hold divers.
| 1
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Fifty ragweed-sensitive subjects were each administered a course of 12 injections of polyethylene glycol-modified ragweed extract. To investigate the effect of two treatment regimens, subjects were paired according to their skin sensitivity to ragweed extract and the severity of their rhinoconjunctivitis the previous year. One of each pair was randomly allocated to receive injections at weekly intervals, and the other subject was to receive injections daily until a local or systemic adverse reaction occurred and then to switch to a weekly schedule for the rest of the course. Blood was obtained immediately before each injection and at the end of the study to examine the rates of change of ragweed-specific IgE and IgG antibody levels and to evaluate whether these or other variables could be used to predict the occurrence of adverse reactions. Immediate reactions were minimal in both groups, but more late reactions occurred in subjects receiving the modified rush regimen; therefore, although the total number of injections received by the two groups was similar, the total dose of protein injected in the rush group was only half that achieved in the weekly group. Treatment induced increases in ragweed-specific IgE and IgG antibodies in both groups; the increase in IgE was similar in the two groups, but the increase in IgG was higher in the weekly group. There was a marked decrease in skin sensitivity to ragweed extract after treatment that was directly related to the IgG antibody response, and therefore, these changes were greater in the weekly group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Polyethylene glycol-modified ragweed extract: comparison of two treatment regimens. option2: Psoriasis and Raynaud's phenomenon with antiribonucleoprotein antibodies [letter]
|
Polyethylene glycol-modified ragweed extract: comparison of two treatment regimens.
| 0
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: We studied eight women who had complex partial seizures and anovulatory cycles or inadequate luteal phases. Progesterone suppositories were given during the premenstrual phase or entire second half of the cycle in doses of 50 to 400 mg q12h. Antiseizure medication levels were kept in the therapeutic range. Average monthly seizure frequency declined by 68% (p less than 0.05, Wilcoxon matched-pairs test) in a 3-month treatment period compared with the 3 months prior to therapy, and six of the eight women had fewer seizures. None experienced more seizures or disruption of menses. Transient tiredness and depression were noted in some when progesterone dosage was raised above minimally effective levels. These symptoms cleared within 48 hours of lowering the dosage. The value of intermittent natural progesterone therapy as a safe, well-tolerated, and effective adjunct to antiseizure therapy should be assessed further.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Intermittent progesterone therapy and frequency of complex partial seizures in women with menstrual disorders. option2: Gastric bypass surgery for obesity: weight loss, psychosocial outcome, and morbidity one and three years later.
A:
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Intermittent progesterone therapy and frequency of complex partial seizures in women with menstrual disorders.
| 7
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: The neurovascular relationships in the trigeminal root entry zone were studied in 130 trigeminal root entry zones of 65 cadavers. No history of facial or trigeminal pain had been obtained during life in these subjects. The technique of intravascular injection, which allowed good visualization and evaluation of the neurovascular relationships, is described. A total of 42 examples of contact with the root entry zone and 10 examples of compression were identified. In 30 of the examples of contact, the finding could be related to an artery; in the other examples, it appeared to be due to veins. Of the arterial compressions, the superior cerebellar artery was responsible in 53.8%, the anterior inferior cerebellar artery was responsible in 25.6%, and pontine branches of the basilar artery were responsible for the remaining 20.6%. Only one instance of unequivocal compression by a vein was found. Other anatomical observations of interest are reported. The absence of a history of trigeminal neuralgia in the 7% of examined nerves in which root entry zone showed arterial compression is in marked contrast to the finding of 80% or more in the operative series for trigeminal neuralgia. It seems that vascular compressions may be the predominant but not the sole cause of trigeminal neuralgia.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Microvascular relations of the trigeminal nerve: an anatomical study. option2: Lumbar diskography [letter]
A:
|
Microvascular relations of the trigeminal nerve: an anatomical study.
| 4
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The impact of occlusion and the role of the counter ion on the permeation of nickel ions through skin have been examined using excised human skin. A highly sensitive electrochemical method was used to quantify the amount of nickel permeating the skin. The investigations show that nickel ions are capable of permeating the skin barrier when applied under occlusion. The process is slow, having a lag time of approximately 50 h. The permeation rate, and thus the physical amount being bioavailable, is considerably increased when aqueous nickel chloride is used in comparison with aqueous nickel sulphate. With respect to nickel permeation of the skin, we conclude that the choice of salt is an important consideration in patch testing.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Permeation of nickel salts through human skin in vitro. option2: The investigation of alleged insecticide toxicity: a case involving chlordane exposure, multiple sclerosis, and peripheral neuropathy.
Output:
|
Permeation of nickel salts through human skin in vitro.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: As punishment for lying, the foster mother of a five-year-old white male poured pepper into his throat. He immediately became dyspneic, then apneic, and was pronounced dead about 1 h later. At autopsy, the main stem and several smaller bronchi were occluded with pepper. Mechanisms of asphyxia by pepper include mechanical obstruction of the tracheobronchial tree and mucosal edema caused by the irritant effect of volatile oils in pepper. This rare circumstance represents the second reported fatal case of pepper aspiration and the third reported case overall.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Homicidal asphyxia by pepper aspiration. option2: Serum immunocomplexes in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.
A:
|
Homicidal asphyxia by pepper aspiration.
| 9
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: The kinetics of caffeine elimination were followed in a ten month old female acutely intoxicated on a street form of the drug. Urine drug screening by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry also showed the presence of ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, caffeine, theophylline and theobromine. Blood analyses using high pressure liquid chromatography gave evidence for the presence of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine and 1,7-dimethylxanthine. Sequentially taken blood samples determined that the initial stage of caffeine elimination was nonlinear. The Vmax = 27.6 micrograms/ml/hr and Km = 284.6 micrograms/ml. At a plasma level of approximately 30 micrograms/ml the elimination became first order with ke = 0.097 hr-1 and t 1/2 = 7.1 hr. The metabolic generation of theophylline and its elimination were also studied. Theophylline ke = 0.069 hr-1 and t 1/2 = 10.0 hr. Elimination of both drugs was anomalously long for a child of this age.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Toxicokinetics of caffeine elimination in an infant. option2: Sudden child death and 'healthy' affected family members with medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency.
Student:
|
Toxicokinetics of caffeine elimination in an infant.
| 6
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: The plasma concentrations of epinephrine were determined in healthy subjects administered epinephrine by subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg or inhalation of 1.5 to 4.5 mg (10 to 30 inhalations from a metered-dose aerosol). The absorption of injected epinephrine was variable and in several cases very slow. The individual maximum values for epinephrine in plasma were 4.65 +/- 1.09 (range 0.74 to 8.31) nmol/L, and these maxima were attained 5 to 120 minutes after injection. Inhaled epinephrine was rapidly and dose dependently absorbed. Ten inhalations resulted in 2.72 +/- 0.84 (0.75 to 5.67) nmol/L within 5 minutes and 20 inhalations resulted in 7.19 +/- 1.78 (2.10 to 13.83) nmol/L with rapid increases and maxima within 20 minutes in seven of eight subjects. Gastrointestinal side effects were dose limiting when epinephrine was administered by inhalation. Our results indicate that inhalation of 2 to 3 mg of epinephrine produces rapid increases of epinephrine concentrations in plasma to levels that have previously been demonstrated to counteract bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled allergen in subjects with asthma. Inhalation has several advantages over injection for self-administration of epinephrine, e.g., in patients who are allergic to insect (Hymenoptera) stings. Apart from the absorption being more rapid, the locally high concentrations of epinephrine in the airways should be advantageous, since bronchoconstriction is one of the life-threatening phenomena of the anaphylactic reaction. This route of administration is also simple for the patient.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Comparison of subcutaneous injection and high-dose inhalation of epinephrine--implications for self-treatment to prevent anaphylaxis. option2: AIDS. Academies demand urgent public education [news]
Student:
|
Comparison of subcutaneous injection and high-dose inhalation of epinephrine--implications for self-treatment to prevent anaphylaxis.
| 6
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: In the case of a 19-year-old man, overuse of his nondominant forearm resulted in a radioulnar synostosis. Despite the persistence of the synostosis, the patient adapted to loss of forearm rotation. No further treatment was necessary. Isolated fractures of the ulnar shaft are slow in healing. Several authors observed that early function may be beneficial. However, excessive activity causing motion at the fracture site may cause subperiosteal hemorrhage and soft tissue trauma and may stimulate exuberant callus formation. Fractures of the ulnar shaft, even undisplaced, need to be immobilized to prevent overuse.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Radioulnar synostosis following an isolated fracture of the ulnar shaft. A case report. option2: Study of the protective effect of the primary hamster kidney cell rabies vaccine [letter]
A:
|
Radioulnar synostosis following an isolated fracture of the ulnar shaft. A case report.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The accessory optic system (AOS), which was described as early as 1870 by Gudden, constitutes a distinct midbrain visual pathway in all classes of vertebrates. In non-primate mammals, retinal fibres of this system project to a set of three nuclei: the dorsal (DTN), the lateral (LTN) and the medial (MTN) terminal nuclei. Whereas all AOS cells respond to the slow motion of large visual stimuli, the neurons are tuned to complementary directions of movement: horizontal temporo-nasal direction for the DTN, vertical up and down for the LTN and vertical down for the MTN. It has thus been suggested that these nuclei establish a system of retinal coordinates for the detection of whole field motion. As the AOS provides direct and indirect pathways to both oculomotor and vestibular structures, each of these nuclei is thought to be an essential link in the co-ordination of eye and head movements in relation to movement within the visual-field. One problem for the generalization of this theory is that the medial terminal nucleus has never been found in primates. In this report we establish both the existence of this nucleus and its afferent input from the retina in all major groups of primates (prosimians, New and Old World monkeys and apes), indicating a common anatomical plan of organization of the AOS in mammals.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: A common mammalian plan of accessory optic system organization revealed in all primates. option2: Ferrite particles: a superparamagnetic MR contrast agent for enhanced detection of liver carcinoma.
|
A common mammalian plan of accessory optic system organization revealed in all primates.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: Using a series of graded destabilizing forces, we have developed a simple quantitative test of the postural response: the Postural Stress Test (PST). Suitable for widespread testing of elderly subjects, the test evaluates the subject's ability to avoid a fall as well as the appropriateness of the response. We have determined that by comparison with young subjects, the elderly controls have compromised although functionally effective balance. On the other hand, the balance response was severely compromised in half of the individuals with a history of falls. Experience with the Postural Stress Test suggests it will predict those elderly individuals with a tendency to fall as well as provide a simple mechanism for studying the balance response in the elderly.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Stressing the postural response. A quantitative method for testing balance. option2: Ocular dominance shift in kitten visual cortex caused by imbalance in retinal electrical activity.
Solution:
|
Stressing the postural response. A quantitative method for testing balance.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Thirty legs in nineteen patients, eleven with bilateral and eight with unilateral chronic anterior-compartment syndrome, were treated by fasciotomy. In addition, five of these patients (six legs) had compression of the superficial peroneal nerve: two before and three after fasciotomy. One patient also had lateral compartment syndrome in one leg. The patients who had compression of the superficial peroneal nerve were relieved by partial fasciectomy and fasciotomy of the lateral compartment. In one of these patients, with bilateral nerve compression, both superficial peroneal nerves were anomalous. The patient who had lateral compartment syndrome was relieved by fasciotomy of this compartment. Two patients required a second fasciotomy due to recurrence of the chronic compartment syndrome. At an average length of follow-up of twenty-five months after fasciotomy for anterior compartment syndrome, functional capacity was unlimited or increased in eighteen patients (twenty-eight legs) and was unchanged in one patient (two legs) who had had compression of the superficial peroneal nerve. The intramuscular pressures in the anterior compartment were normal at rest as well as during and after exercise eight months after the original fasciotomy in twenty-eight legs and eight months after the second fasciotomy in two legs.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Chronic anterior-compartment syndrome of the leg. Results of treatment by fasciotomy. option2: One-stage plastic reconstruction of a totally amputated cancerous penis using a unilateral myocutaneous gracilis flap.
Output:
|
Chronic anterior-compartment syndrome of the leg. Results of treatment by fasciotomy.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Thrombospondin with fibrinogen, fibronectin, and von Willebrand factor binds to platelets stimulated with agonists and support platelet adhesive functions. The receptors for the latter three proteins are associated with membrane glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa. Thrombasthenic platelets deficient in GPIIb-IIIa have been utilized to examine the role of this membrane protein in the interactions of thrombospondin with platelets. Radioiodinated thrombospondin bound to thrombin-stimulated platelets from normal and thrombasthenic donors with a similar affinity and capacity. As monitored with a monoclonal antibody to thrombospondin, the divalent ion-dependent and -independent pathways for the expression of the endogenous pool of thrombospondin on the surface of thrombin-stimulated platelets from normal and thrombasthenic donors were also qualitatively and quantitatively similar. GPIIb-IIIa or ligands associated with GPIIb-IIIa thus are not essential for the binding of thrombospondin to platelets. Therefore, thrombospondin interacts with unique receptors on platelets.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Identification of a new class of inducible receptors on platelets. Thrombospondin interacts with platelets via a GPIIb-IIIa-independent mechanism. option2: Vacuolar encephalopathy of AIDS [letter]
|
Identification of a new class of inducible receptors on platelets. Thrombospondin interacts with platelets via a GPIIb-IIIa-independent mechanism.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: The ability of extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery to alter favorably the natural history of ischemic cerebrovascular disease remains in question. A recently completed prospective randomized multicenter cooperative trial failed to confirm the hypothesis that the procedure prevents further cerebral ischemia in patients with atherosclerotic internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery disease. We analyze findings of the study in detail, including possible effects on the natural history of the disease beyond the immediate perioperative period. Potential sources of bias that may have unpredictably affected the study are discussed. These include observational bias (patient and therapist not blinded), "randomization-to-treatment" bias (high morbidity after randomization but before operation), and "prerandomization" or allocation bias (patients in the study representing a selected sample of the population with cerebrovascular disease). The extensive analysis of secondary subgroups with small numbers of patients is discussed in light of the statistical methods used. Two particular classes of patients not addressed in the study who might benefit from the procedure are defined. They are patients failing the best available medical therapy and patients with clearly documented hemodynamic compromise. Possible indications for bypass surgery are suggested for the various lesions in light of the trial and of recent reports on the natural history and pathophysiology of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Selected cases illustrating these indications are presented.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery: a critical analysis in light of the International Cooperative Study. option2: Salmonella subdural empyema in a patient with brain metastasis [letter]
Output:
|
Extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery: a critical analysis in light of the International Cooperative Study.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: An integrated model describing the interaction of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents with reversible anticholinesterase agents is derived and compared with a naive model using experimental data obtained from four anesthetized dogs. Three consecutive but separate steady-state d-tubocurarine blocks (approximately 50, 70, and 90%) were induced in each of the four dogs and reversed by short edrophonium infusions. Edrophonium arterial concentrations and twitch tension of the anterior tibialis muscle were measured. Both the integrated and the naive model were fit to the twitch tension data using a model with a hypothetical "effect" compartment. The integrated model consistently fit the twitch tension data better than the naive model; the sum of squared deviations was lower by 46, 45, 87, and 69%, respectively, with the integrated model than with the naive model. Also, in contrast to the naive model, the integrated model is capable of describing the interaction of the anticholinesterase agent and the neuromuscular blocking agent when the concentration of either varies with time.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: An integrated model for the interaction of muscle relaxants with their antagonists. option2: Acute renal failure in hemorrhagic hypotension: cellular energetics and renal function.
A:
|
An integrated model for the interaction of muscle relaxants with their antagonists.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) gene in leukocytes and the apoB-100 messenger RNA (mRNA) and translated apolipoprotein in the livers from normal and abetalipoproteinemic individuals were evaluated. Four complementary DNA probes for apoB-100 covering the 5', middle, and 3' regions of the apoB-100 mRNA were utilized and Southern blot analysis indicated that the apoB-100 gene is present in abetalipoproteinemia without major insertions or deletions. Polyadenylated hepatic apoB-100 mRNA from two abetalipoproteinemic patients was normal in size, and the concentration of apoB-100 mRNA was increased sixfold compared with control hepatic apoB-100 mRNA levels. ApoB-100 was detected in hepatocytes of abetalipoproteinemic patients by immunohistochemical techniques. These results indicate that the biochemical defect in abetalipoproteinemic patients studied is most consistent with a posttranslational defect in apoB-100 processing or secretion with an up-regulation of the apoB-100 mRNA.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Analysis of the apolipoprotein B gene and messenger ribonucleic acid in abetalipoproteinemia. option2: The perforated appendix [editorial]
|
Analysis of the apolipoprotein B gene and messenger ribonucleic acid in abetalipoproteinemia.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Skilled forelimb use was studied in rats with unilateral lesions of the sensorimotor cortex, the caudate-putamen, or the dopaminergic nigrostriatal bundle, in a task involving reaching for food. Limb preference and efficiency were evaluated, as well as the relationship between limb use, spontaneous, and methamphetamine-induced rotation bias, both preoperatively and postoperatively. To induce use of the nonpreferred limb, a bracelet, which prevented reaching but not other movements, was attached to the forearm of the preferred forelimb. Whereas small cortical lesions of the forepaw area of the sensorimotor cortex mildly influenced limb preference and use, larger lesions changed preference. Furthermore, medium-sized sensorimotor cortex lesions impaired contralateral limb use, although surprising recovery occurred on the forced tests with the bracelet. Large cortical lesions abolished effective reaching even on the forced tests. Impairments similar to those following sensorimotor cortex lesions were also obtained following small and large caudate-putamen lesions. By contrast, unilateral dopamine depletions not only blocked use of the limb contralateral to the depletion but also impaired use of the ipsilateral limb. There was recovery in use of the ipsilateral forelimb but not the contralateral forelimb. Correlational analysis showed a weak relation between methamphetamine-induced rotation and limb preference preoperatively but no significant relation between these two variables postoperatively. The similarity in the deficits following sensorimotor cortex lesions and basal ganglia lesions suggests that skilled forelimb use depends upon a shared neural organization within the two systems.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The contributions of motor cortex, nigrostriatal dopamine and caudate-putamen to skilled forelimb use in the rat. option2: Early allergen contacts.
|
The contributions of motor cortex, nigrostriatal dopamine and caudate-putamen to skilled forelimb use in the rat.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: We examined the results of the Northwest Regional Screening Program (NWRSP) over its first 10 years to determine whether the detection of hypopituitary hypothyroidism is a justified advantage of the primary thyroxine (T4)-supplemental thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) screening strategy, and to determine whether all such infants will be detected by this screening approach. Between May 1975 and May 1985, the NWRSP screened 850,431 infants, detecting 192 infants with primary hypothyroidism (1:4429) and eight with hypopituitary hypothyroidism (1:106,304). In 11 additional infants, TSH deficiency, not detected by the screening program, was diagnosed on recognition of clinical features over the same period. Thyroid hormone treatment was begun in seven of the 11 infants prior to obtaining the screening sample results because of clinical symptoms of hypopituitarism, including hypoglycemia, persistent jaundice, microgenitalia, diabetes insipidus, midface hypoplasia, cleft lip or palate, or abnormalities of vision. The other four infants were not detected despite clinical features of hypopituitarism (in retrospect) and low serum T4 with TSH concentration below assay sensitivity on at least one screening sample. The most accurate assessment of total cases comes from Oregon, where all cases of congenital hypopituitarism are referred to our center; we estimate a frequency of 1:29,000. In our experience, a combination of newborn T4-supplemental TSH screening measurements and recognition of clinical features of hypopituitarism is the optimal strategy for detecting infants with congenital hypopituitary hypothyroidism.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Detection of congenital hypopituitary hypothyroidism: ten-year experience in the Northwest Regional Screening Program. option2: The use of intravitreal thrombin to control hemorrhage during vitrectomy [letter]
A:
|
Detection of congenital hypopituitary hypothyroidism: ten-year experience in the Northwest Regional Screening Program.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Release of prostaglandin E (PGE) was examined in leukocyte cultures from patients with definite MS who had had at least one recent exacerbation, others with chronic progressive or stable MS, and healthy controls. MS patients had higher baseline levels of PGE than did controls. Patients with active symptoms exhibited a sharp increase in PGE release early in or just before the onset of clinical symptoms. Levels dropped early in exacerbation immediately after the burst in PGE synthesis activity. Values gradually increased to control levels and then to preexacerbation levels. Similar rises and falls were not seen in stable MS. MS patients may have a circulating population of activated leukocytes that produce PGE.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Prostaglandin release in multiple sclerosis: correlation with disease activity. option2: Infections of the lower extremities due to gas-forming and non-gas-forming organisms [published erratum appears in South Med J 1987 Mar;80(3):319]
Output:
|
Prostaglandin release in multiple sclerosis: correlation with disease activity.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: To determine the end point of histopathologic damage in avulsed arteries, the forearm arteries of five monkeys being sacrificed were avulsed longitudinally and samples of proximal and distal arteries prepared for light microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A severe and consistent circumferential skip lesion was found on the luminal surface involving the intima and media. In 30 percent of vessels, histopathologic damage extended more than 3.0 cm from the rupture point. Similar circumferential tears occurred on the luminal surface of resected human avulsed arteries collected at the time of replantation surgery. No consistent lesions were noted in resected veins from human avulsed amputations. It is possible that in the human artery (as in the monkey) circumferential lesions frequently extend many centimeters from the rupture point and therefore beyond resection distances. Lesions present in the vessel after resection and microsurgical repair might be the site of thrombosis and subsequent occlusion.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The nature and extent of histopathologic injury in human avulsed arteries and veins and in experimentally avulsed monkey arteries. option2: Ventilation and gas exchange during sleep in patients with interstitial lung disease.
Output:
|
The nature and extent of histopathologic injury in human avulsed arteries and veins and in experimentally avulsed monkey arteries.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
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