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You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: With the advent of systemic chemotherapy capable of controlling metastases at most sites, central nervous system metastases are becoming more common in patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma. A retrospective epidemiologic review at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute revealed central nervous system metastases in 13 of 4456 patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma (0.29%) registered between 1944 and 1984. No patients were identified as having central nervous system metastases before 1968. The median survival overall was 29 months; following the diagnosis of brain metastases it was five months. Five of eight patients treated for central nervous system metastases lived ten months or longer. Patients with isolated metastases to the central nervous system lived longer than patients with accompanying systemic metastases. Patients treated with surgical resection lived longer than those who did not undergo surgery. With surgical resection, postoperative irradiation, and systemic chemotherapy, significant symptomatic improvement and long-term remission are possible.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Central nervous system metastases in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. option2: Intern ranking versus subsequent house officer performance.
Output:
|
Central nervous system metastases in epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
| 1
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: We report the largest series of induction chemotherapy for inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC). Results of two chemotherapy protocols with radiation therapy (RT) (170 patients) are compared with results with radiation alone (60 patients) in the treatment of this disease. From 1973 to 1975, 60 patients (control, group C) received RT (45 Gy and 20 to 30 Gy boost) and hormonal manipulation. From 1976 to 1980, 91 patients (group A) were treated with induction chemotherapy: Adriamycin (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio), vincristine, and methotrexate (AVM) and RT on a cyclical schedule; and maintenance chemotherapy: vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (VCF). From 1980 to 1982, 79 patients (group B) received induction chemotherapy, Adriamycin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-FU (AVCMF) and RT on a cyclical schedule and VCF maintenance. Hormonal manipulation was performed in all groups. Disease-free survival at 4 years was 15% for group C, 32% for group A, and 54% for group B (P less than .005 group C v group A, less than .00001 group C v group B, and less than .01 group A v group B). Total survival at 4 years was 42% for group C, 53% for group A, and 74% for group B (P = .17 group C v group A, less than .00001 group C v group B, and less than .001 group A v group B). Clinical assessment of tumor aggressiveness, nodal status, type of chemotherapy administered, and early response to chemotherapy (by third course) were all prognostic factors. There is an important, highly statistically significant benefit in terms of both disease-free survival and total survival observed in patients treated with the addition of chemotherapy compared with radiation alone in IBC.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Primary chemotherapy in the treatment of inflammatory breast carcinoma: a study of 230 cases from the Institut Gustave-Roussy. option2: Correlation of MRI with the clinical status of patients with multiple sclerosis [letter]
Output:
|
Primary chemotherapy in the treatment of inflammatory breast carcinoma: a study of 230 cases from the Institut Gustave-Roussy.
| 2
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Because mast cells (MCs) in skin of atopic dogs are heterogeneous with respect to tissue fixation and staining properties, we determined the effect of antigen on each type of MC in vivo. Skin biopsies were done in anesthetized, ragweed-sensitized dogs before and at 1, 3, 6, and 24 hours after intradermal injections of ragweed antigen (n = 5) or glycerin diluent (n = 4). In each case, one biopsy specimen was fixed with formalin, and a second specimen from an adjacent abdominal site was fixed with basic lead acetate. In sections stained with Alcian blue, 49.7% more MCs (p less than 0.05) were detected in tissue fixed with basic lead acetate ("typical" plus "atypical" MCs: 2916 +/- 581/mm3; mean +/- SEM) than in tissue fixed with formalin ("typical" MCs: 1955 +/- 537/mm3). After antigen, the number of "typical" MCs detectable in tissue sections progressively decreased during the 24-hour period, whereas the number of "atypical" MCs was lowest at 1 hour and had increased at 24 hours. After diluent, MC numbers did not change significantly over time. A late-phase response (LPR), detected clinically as induration and edema, was present 6 hours after antigen in four of five dogs, but LPR was not detected after diluent. The size of LPR was correlated (r = 0.85; p less than 0.05) with the decrease in the number of "typical" MCs at 6 hours. We conclude that the response of the "typical" and "atypical" MC to antigen in vivo differs markedly. The "atypical" MCs participate in the early, acute response to antigen, and the "typical" MCs may be associated with the development of the LPR.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Cutaneous mast cell heterogeneity: response to antigen in atopic dogs. option2: Physicists about to hi-jack DNA? [news]
|
Cutaneous mast cell heterogeneity: response to antigen in atopic dogs.
| 0
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: The mechanism of the increased renal clearance of amylase and the amylase to creatinine clearance ratio (CAM/CCR) in acute pancreatitis remains controversial with both renal tubular dysfunction and altered glomerular permeability being invoked as explanations. To differentiate between these mechanisms, we investigated the quantity and character of protein excretion in 10 patients with pancreatitis. For a short period of time, seven of 10 patients had mild proteinuria with a mean protein excretion rate of 230 +/- 154 mg/24 hr. Proteinuria decreased in 9/9 survivors to 17 +/- 18 mg/24 hr. Albumin excretion rate initially was minimally increased in 10/10 patients with a mean of 61 +/- 40 mg/24 hr, decreasing during recovery in 8/9 survivors to 10.9 +/- 10.4 mg/24 hr (P less than 0.01). Electrophoresis of urine obtained during the acute phase consistently showed a low molecular weight proteinuria pattern that cleared with recovery. Twenty-one of 22 urinary samples with an elevated CAM/CCR had a low molecular weight protein pattern. All the above findings can be explained by alterations in renal tubular reabsorption of proteins without changes in glomerular permeability. In 2/4 patients a low molecular weight protein was present in urine specimens from the acute phase that was not present in highly concentrated urine specimens from the recovery period. This raises the possibility that an abnormal low molecular weight protein enters the serum in acute pancreatitis, which, after glomerular filtration, produces the renal tubular malfunction found in acute pancreatitis.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Urine protein excretion in acute pancreatitis. option2: Spinal arteriovenous malformation presenting at birth: case report.
A:
|
Urine protein excretion in acute pancreatitis.
| 4
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: We studied the importance of a history of appendectomy for appendicitis in 279 women with laparoscopically or surgically diagnosed tubal infertility and a control group of 957 fertile women. After controlling for the effects of age, use of an intrauterine device for contraception, a history of pelvic inflammatory disease, and other potential confounding variables, we found that no excess risk of tubal infertility was associated with a simple appendectomy without rupture. However, when the operation was reportedly for a ruptured appendix, the relative risk of tubal infertility was 4.8 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.5 to 14.9) for women who had never been pregnant and 3.2 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 9.6) for women with one or more previous pregnancies. We conclude that the early diagnosis and treatment of suspected appendicitis in girls and women of reproductive age may reduce the incidence of tubal infertility resulting from the sequelae of a ruptured appendix.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Appendectomy and the risk of tubal infertility. option2: Cavernosography in conjunction with artificial erection for evaluation of venous leakage in impotent men.
|
Appendectomy and the risk of tubal infertility.
| 0
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: This study investigated acute effects of 17 beta-estradiol (E) on ions, cyclic nucleotides, and catecholamines and their association with temporal changes in uterine secretory products in pregnant, cyclic, and nonpregnant gilts. Uterine flushings (UTF) and endometrium (ENDOM) from one uterine horn of nonpregnant and pregnant gilts (n = 9) were collected on days 10, 12, and 14 (n = 3). Protein, plasma inhibitor (P less than 0.05), Na+, and K+ (P less than 0.01) increased linearly in UTF of pregnant gilts. Ca2+ changed biphasically, with higher concentrations (P less than 0.01) in pregnant gilts on day 12. Endometrial cAMP and cGMP (P less than 0.05) increased between days 12 and 14 of pregnancy. The UTF norepinephrine (NE) concentrations increased (P less than 0.01) in cyclic gilts between days 12 and 14, while endometrial NE increased between days 10 and 12 and then decreased on day 14. The UTF of pregnant gilts had higher (P less than 0.05) concentrations of dopamine (DA), which peaked on day 12 and then decreased (P less than 0.01) by day 14. DA in UTF of nonpregnant gilts decreased between days 10 and 12 and remained low on day 14. A catecholamine metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, in ENDOM (P less than 0.05) and UTF (P less than 0.01) decreased linearly between days 10 and 14. The turnover rate of endometrial catecholamines was 2.4-fold higher (P less than 0.05) during early pregnancy compared with that in cyclic gilts. Effects of acute administration of exogenous E (0.5 mg) were also studied. The UTF and ENDOM were from day 11 nonpregnant gilts 0, 30, 60, and 360 min (n = 3) post-E or post-saline-ethanol (C) injection (n = 9). Potassium, plasma inhibitor (P less than 0.01), and cGMP (P less than 0.05) increased rapidly (30 min) after E injection. The K+ level changed biphasically, with increased concentrations again at 360 min. Plasmin inhibitor returned to levels similar to controls by 60 min, whereas cGMP remained elevated until 360 min postinjection when E, Ca2+, K+ (P less than 0.01), and Na+ (P less than 0.03) were increased. ENDOM NE (P less than 0.05) and UTF DA (P less than 0.05) were lower in E-treated gilts. Additionally, the turnover rate was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) for NE and DA in the UTF of E-treated gilts. An increase in Ca2+ in UTF preceded increases in protein secretions (except plasmin inhibitor) and may play a role in E-stimulated endometrial epithelial secretory vesicle exocytosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Effects of early pregnancy and acute 17 beta-estradiol administration on porcine uterine secretion, cyclic nucleotides, and catecholamines. option2: Perfusion patterns in dementia [letter]
Output:
|
Effects of early pregnancy and acute 17 beta-estradiol administration on porcine uterine secretion, cyclic nucleotides, and catecholamines.
| 1
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: It is well appreciated that theophylline pharmacokinetics exhibits wide intersubject variation. Within-subject changes in clearance have been generally reported in patients with acute exacerbations of disease states such as cor pulmonale or heart failure. Apparent random changes in theophylline clearance within the same patient have recently been reported. This report describes a case of suspected changes in the clearance of theophylline in a morbidly obese patient (250 kg) over a two-month period of time. Frequent dosage adjustments were required to maintain theophylline concentrations within the range of 8.2 to 27.3 micrograms/ml. Possible explanations for these changes included hypoxia and medically induced starvation. Daily theophylline doses ranged from 600 to 1600 mg/d. It is concluded that in some individuals, within-subject changes in theophylline clearance can be substantial, thus requiring frequent monitoring of theophylline concentration.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Intrasubject variability of theophylline clearance in a morbidly obese patient. option2: An anesthesia information system for monitoring and record keeping during surgical anesthesia.
Student:
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Intrasubject variability of theophylline clearance in a morbidly obese patient.
| 6
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: In 10-day-old suckling and adult mice, reovirus type 1 adheres selectively to and penetrates membranous epithelial (M) cells. To determine when M cells first appear, when they first transport reovirus, and if reovirus adheres to and is endocytosed by other epithelial cells in the first postnatal week, we examined neonatal mouse intestine by transmission electron microscopy after reovirus type 1 exposure. At 2 days M cells accounted for 0.9% of dome epithelial cells. By 9 days M cells had increased to 7.4%. Reovirus type 1 adherence to the surface of villus and dome epithelial cells showed marked variation in 2-6-day-old animals, but by 7 days only a few absorptive cell profiles had adherent reovirus. Adherence to greater than 50% of M-cell profiles occurred in all but 2 animals, but adherence to the majority of Peyer's patch absorptive cell profiles was present only in some 4- and 5-day-old animals. Adherence to a majority of undifferentiated cell profiles occurred in some animals at all ages. Membranous epithelial cells endocytosed reovirus at all ages but only at 2 days did rare villus and dome absorptive cells endocytose reovirus into the apical cytoplasm. Thus, adherence of reovirus to the apical surface of mucosal epithelial cells is nonselective in newborn mice but becomes more selective within the first postnatal week with adherence by day 7 to most M-cell profiles, to a substantial but variable number of undifferentiated cell profiles, but to few absorptive cell profiles.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Adherence to and penetration of the intestinal epithelium by reovirus type 1 in neonatal mice. option2: A piece of my mind. Immune response.
Output:
|
Adherence to and penetration of the intestinal epithelium by reovirus type 1 in neonatal mice.
| 1
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: A prospective study was made of 119 children with transient synovitis or any other cause for synovial effusion and elevated intra-articular pressure. During a follow-up of one year not one case of Perthes' disease was diagnosed and the late clinical and radiographic changes were minimal with moderate overgrowth of the femoral head in 33% and widening of the joint space in 14.2%. Our results do not support the widely accepted concept that Perthes' disease develops as a result of the period of elevated intra-articular pressure found in transient synovitis. Further research into this and Perthes' disease should follow the premise that they are two different diseases without any aetiological connection.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Transient synovitis and Perthes' disease. Is there an aetiological connection? option2: Plastic bronchitis.
A:
|
Transient synovitis and Perthes' disease. Is there an aetiological connection?
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: A product of the recent physical fitness boom has been an increased demand for better care of sport and recreational injuries. This article gives an overview of the care available for such injuries. In addition, it also cautions against the kind of care that will only produce noncompliance in the pediatric patient.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Sports medicine. option2: Parathyroid hormone reduces acute ischemic injury of the myocardium.
A:
|
Sports medicine.
| 4
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: We used the model of bilateral cervical vagotomy of adult rabbits to cause respiratory failure characterized by pulmonary edema, decreased lung compliance, and atelectasis. We documented an 18-fold increase in radiolabeled albumin leak from the vascular space into alveolar washes of vagotomy vs. sham-operated rabbits (P less than 0.01). Despite a twofold increase in percent of prelabeled saturated phosphatidylcholine secreted (P less than 0.01), the alveolar wash saturated phosphatidylcholine pool sizes were not different. The minimum surface tensions were 19.6 +/- 2.5 vs. 9.4 +/- 2.2 dyn/cm for alveolar washes from vagotomy and control rabbits, respectively (P less than 0.01). The soluble proteins from alveolar washes inhibited the surface tension lowering properties of natural surfactant, whereas those from the control rabbits did not (P less than 0.01). When vagotomy rabbits in respiratory failure were treated with 50 mg natural surfactant lipid per kilogram arterial blood gas values and compliances improved relative to control rabbits. Vagotomy results in alveolar pulmonary edema, and surfactant dysfunction despite normal surfactant pool sizes and respiratory failure. A surfactant treatment can improve the respiratory failure.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Respiratory distress and surfactant inhibition following vagotomy in rabbits. option2: Chronic effects of dietary protein in the rat with intact and reduced renal mass.
|
Respiratory distress and surfactant inhibition following vagotomy in rabbits.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: In a phase II multicenter trial, 71 patients with advanced measurable gastric cancer were registered to receive sequential high-dose methotrexate (MTX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) combined with Adriamycin (A [Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH]). The response rate was 33% (22 of 67), including all eligible patients. There were nine complete responders (CRs). The median survival for all patients was 6 months. There has been one toxic death; however, three other patients died from toxicity associated with major protocol violations. It is concluded that this protocol is active in gastric cancer. Toxicity, partly because of nonprotocol adherence, is considerable and is now under further investigation in a randomized trial comparing this schedule with a combination of 5-FU, Adriamycin, and mitomycin C (FAM).
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: An EORTC Gastrointestinal Group evaluation of the combination of sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil, combined with adriamycin in advanced measurable gastric cancer. option2: Endometrial adenocarcinoma in women under 25 years of age.
|
An EORTC Gastrointestinal Group evaluation of the combination of sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil, combined with adriamycin in advanced measurable gastric cancer.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the blood coagulation changes in three patients with homocystinuria, in baseline condition and during therapy. At baseline, antithrombin III activity and factor VII levels were reduced in all three patients; antithrombin III protein and protein C antigen were also slightly lowered in one patient, and factor X in another. beta-Thromboglobulin, a measure of platelet activation, was increased in one case. During pyridoxine treatment, antithrombin III activity was rapidly restored to normal; factor VII increased and beta-thromboglobulin decreased. These data suggest that, in addition to platelet activation, abnormalities of blood clotting, and particularly reduction of antithrombin III, may play a role in the thrombotic tendency associated with homocystinuria. The nature of these clotting alterations is still uncertain, but their improvement during active metabolic treatment suggests that the defect in amino acid transsulfuration of homocystinuria may directly affect synthesis or activity of some liver-dependent clotting factors.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Blood coagulation changes in homocystinuria: effects of pyridoxine and other specific therapy. option2: Incidence and prognosis of childhood glaucoma. A study of 63 cases.
A:
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Blood coagulation changes in homocystinuria: effects of pyridoxine and other specific therapy.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Calcium absorption in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) has been reported to be increased, decreased or not different from their normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKy) control. One postulated reason for these conflicting results is an abnormal sensitivity to the intestinal effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 (1,25D3). Previous studies in everted duodenal sacs and perfused duodenum examined the acute response to 1,25D3 only in 12-week-old SHR, which however already had higher basal rates of calcium absorption. Inability to stimulate Ca absorption further was an unexcluded possibility. To test this hypothesis more vigorously, balance and in situ duodenal 45Ca uptake studies were performed in SHR and WKy using four separate protocols yielding the following results. First, in response to pharmacological doses of 1,25D3 (25 ng/100 g body wt/day X 3), four-week-old normotensive female SHR had higher net calcium absorption (41.4 vs. 31.1 mg/day; 61.6 vs. 48.1%), similar to the increases seen in the untreated state. These results suggest intrinsic epithelial differences independent of 1,25D3. Ca absorption was similarly higher in 1,25D3 treated male SHR (42.9 vs. 36.7 mg/day; 60.1 vs. 53.7%). Second, at 12 to 14 weeks of age, low doses of 1,25D3 (8 ng/100 g body wt/day X 6) stimulated net Ca absorption in the female SHR (33.0 to 39.1 mg/day), but not in WKy (26.8 to 29.3 mg/day). In the male, positive effects were again seen only in the SHR (25 to 45 mg/day). Third, in response to three weeks of dietary Ca deprivation, in situ duodenal 45Ca uptake, measured in the conscious awake state, was higher in 35-week-old SHR (70.9 vs. 53.0%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Response of spontaneously hypertensive rats to 1,25(OH)2D3 in vivo. option2: Emergency physician responsibility for the interpretation of x-rays.
A:
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Response of spontaneously hypertensive rats to 1,25(OH)2D3 in vivo.
| 7
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Doxepin hydrochloride, a tricyclic antidepressant, was evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial for the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria in 16 adults. Efficacy was evaluated by symptom scores, concomitant antihistamine use, and suppression of histamine- and codeine-induced wheal response. Doxepin-treated subjects experienced fewer lesions (p less than 0.001), less waking hours with lesions (p less than 0.01), lesser degree of itch and/or discomfort (p less than 0.001), and less swelling or angioedema (p less than 0.001) as compared to placebo-treated subjects. Doxepin-treated subjects required less daily concomitant antihistamine use (mean 0.13 tablets versus 1.48 tablets, p less than 0.05). Doxepin also significantly suppressed histamine- and codeine-induced cutaneous wheal response as compared to placebo. Lethargy was commonly observed but diminished with continued use. Dry mouth and constipation were also commonly observed. We conclude that doxepin is an effective agent for the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Efficacy of doxepin in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria. option2: Determination of helper:suppressor T-cell ratios [letter]
A:
|
Efficacy of doxepin in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria.
| 7
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: A retrospective evaluation was done of 102 consecutive in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment cycles that culminated in surgical intervention for oocyte pickup. In 35% of these patients, a disparity was noted in the number of mature follicles present on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration, compared with the day of surgery. This suggests the occurrence of undetected ovulation. An endogenous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge was detected in 14 of these patients. Another cohort showed evidence of early luteinization without a detected endogenous LH surge. Finally, a group without early luteinization was defined. Possible explanations for these outcomes and the implications for success of IVF-ET are discussed.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Undetected ovulation in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer patients. option2: Estrogen and progesterone receptor assays on the vulvar epithelium.
A:
|
Undetected ovulation in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer patients.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Torsional deformity should be localized, quantitated, and usually managed by "observation," an approach that is set forth in detail in this article. Shoe modifications and daytime braces are inappropriate. Night splints or operative procedures are rarely indicated.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Torsional deformity. option2: Age changes in lumbar zygapophyseal joints. Observations on structure and function.
A:
|
Torsional deformity.
| 4
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The evaluation and treatment of injuries of the ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb remain controversial. In a retrospective study that was done to assess our ability to determine whether displacement of the ligament (a Stener lesion) was present, we reviewed our accumulated experience with patients who had an injury of this ligament who were treated surgically between 1972 and 1984. Since our method of evaluation changed in 1977, we compared the preoperative and operative diagnoses in the twenty patients who were treated surgically from 1972 through 1976 with those in the twenty patients who were so treated from 1977 through 1984. Considering all forty patients who were treated operatively, sixteen (40 per cent) had a typical Stener lesion, and in two others (5 per cent) the ulnar collateral ligament was rolled up on itself and lying beneath the adductor aponeurosis. From 1972 through 1976, stability was tested with the metacarpophalangeal joint in complete extension or in varying amounts of flexion. Of the twenty thumbs that were evaluated by this technique and were treated surgically, 20 per cent had a Stener lesion. From 1977 through 1984, stability was tested with the joint in full flexion because of the findings in anatomical studies that were completed in 1977; the incidence of a Stener lesion in the twenty thumbs that were treated by repair or reattachment of the ligament during this time was 70 per cent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Rupture and displacement of the ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb. Preoperative diagnosis. option2: Gallbladder adenocarcinoma: prognostic significance of tumor acid mucopolysaccharide content.
Output:
|
Rupture and displacement of the ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb. Preoperative diagnosis.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: RV and LV failure frequently coexist. Experimental evidence suggests that RV failure results from a primary insult to the right ventricle and an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. LV failure results in an elevation of the left atrial pressure and thereby a reduction in the transpulmonary hydrostatic gradient. Because RV function depends on the contraction of the left ventricle, this contribution is reduced during LV failure. Treatment should be aimed first at restoring LV function. If RV failure persists and is not due to a simple mechanical problem, treatment of RV failure should be commenced. If volume loading, inotropes, and pH adjustments do not result in adequate RV output, a mechanical assist device should be considered. RHBP is the most powerful device, and it is capable of restoring systemic perfusion even when there is no residual RV function. Clinical results with this device have been most encouraging--most patients demonstrate improved RV function and a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance after several days of treatment, allowing them to be weaned from assist. However, this technique is very invasive and requires constant close attention. PABC is a simple but less powerful assist device. Experimental studies suggest that if RV function is not extremely depressed--cardiac output is greater than 50 percent of normal--PABC may be effective in restoring systemic perfusion to normal levels. Current results suggest that RHBP remains the gold standard for severe RV failure, but further clinical experience with PABC may more clearly define its role in the management of RV failure.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Right ventricular failure associated with left ventricular failure. option2: Obstructive jaundice in the South African black population.
Student:
|
Right ventricular failure associated with left ventricular failure.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: An extremely large claw bone, some 30 cm long, was found in Wealden (Lower Cretaceous) deposits in a Surrey claypit in January 1983. This led to the discovery the following month of the well-preserved skeleton of a new large theropod dinosaur. Only one other theropod specimen comprising more than a few bones had ever been found in Britain, and that discovery was more than a century ago. Indeed, no large theropod, reasonably complete, had previously been discovered in Lower Cretaceous rocks anywhere in the world. Our study so far suggests that the Surrey dinosaur was a typical large theropod in certain respects, resembling, for example Allosaurus. In several other respects, however, it differs sufficiently from all known dinosaurs to merit designation as the representative of a new species, genus and family.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Baryonyx, a remarkable new theropod dinosaur. option2: Atrial-level shunts: sensitivity and specificity of MR in diagnosis.
Output:
|
Baryonyx, a remarkable new theropod dinosaur.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: The present study tested the predictive validity at 3 years of age of a screening device for the early identification of later cognitive delay. The screening device, administered between 3 and 7 months of age, is based on the infant's differential fixation "to novel" over previously shown pictures. The sample was composed of 62 infants suspected to be at risk for later mental retardation. The prevalence of delayed cognitive development (IQ less than or equal to 70) at 3 years of age was 13%. Novelty preference scores correctly identified six of eight (75%) of the delayed children. The test identified 49 of 54 (91%) of the normal children. Validity for predicting cognitive delay was 55%. Validity for the prediction of normality was 96%. The screening device proved to be equally sensitive, specific, and valid when the sample was divided into infants born at term or born preterm. The results of the present study and of a previous study indicate that detection of cognitive delay based on early novelty preferences is as easily accomplished for infants who will later be mildly delayed (IQ scores 60 to 70) as it is for those who will later be severely delayed (IQ scores less than or equal to 50). Moreover, such results are in contrast to those obtained with conventional tests tapping sensorimotor development.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Selective screening device for the early detection of normal or delayed cognitive development in infants at risk for later mental retardation. option2: Gastroesophageal reflux is not increased by highly selective vagotomy.
A:
|
Selective screening device for the early detection of normal or delayed cognitive development in infants at risk for later mental retardation.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Child sexual abuse is a common and potentially damaging experience. Preventing and detecting abuse should be a part of primary care pediatric practice. A protocol is presented the goal of which is to teach children and parents reasonable protective behaviors.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Developmental approach to preventing the sexual abuse of children. option2: Effects of age, gender and female sex hormones upon contractility of the human gallbladder in vitro.
Output:
|
Developmental approach to preventing the sexual abuse of children.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Preoperative evaluation of parotid tumors still poses difficult problems for the head and neck surgeon. The complex anatomy of the parotid space leads to difficulty in localizing these tumors. In addition, physical examination will rarely determine whether a parotid lesion is benign or malignant. High resolution CT scanning with contrast and fine needle aspiration can provide enough preoperative information to enable the surgeon to counsel his patient concerning possible risks and the extent of surgery that may be indicated. We are able to determine tumor location, multiple or bilateral masses, associated adenopathy, and often specific tumor histology. Forty-two parotid aspirates and 26 CT scans were reviewed and correlated with their postoperative pathology specimen. Parotid aspiration cytology was found to be a highly accurate and safe procedure for preoperative determination of parotid pathology. However, the CT scan was specific only in defining the anatomic localization and extent of a parotid mass.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Correlation of fine needle aspiration biopsy and CT scanning of parotid masses. option2: An algorithmic approach to the diagnosis and staging of renal neoplasms.
Output:
|
Correlation of fine needle aspiration biopsy and CT scanning of parotid masses.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Forty-two patients with intransit metastases of melanoma in a limb were treated by isolated regional perfusion chemotherapy using mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard). Group 1 (n = 12) underwent treatment at low dose, less than 0.35 mg/kg, or low temperature, less than 38 degrees C. Group 2 (n = 30) received higher doses, 0.35 to 0.6 mg/kg, plus heat at 38 degrees C to 41 degrees C. No patient had evidence of disease outside the limb at the time of perfusion. The median follow-up time was 48 months (range, 1 to 9 years). Of the 42 patients, 29 had measurable lesions that responded as follows: group 1, complete response (CR) in two of ten and partial response (PR) in none; group 2, CR in six of 19 and PR in six of 19. The combined CR and PR rate of 12 of 19 in group 2 was significantly higher than that of group 1 (P less than .05). CR lasted only 2 months in the two patients of group 1, but persisted in the six patients of Group 2, four of whom are still alive free of disease at 16, 21, 33, and 40 months. Relapse-free control of disease in the limb was achieved in 36% of the patients in group 2 at 24 months, compared with 0% in group 1 (P less than .05). An overall survival of 74% at 48 months was observed in group 2, significantly higher than that of 64% for group 1 (P less than .05). The status of the regional lymph nodes (RLN) and the number of metastases did not affect tumor response. However, 77% of RLN-negative patients survived 48 months, in contrast to only 38% of RLN-positive patients (P less than .05). One patient died postoperatively of myocardial infarction. No serious systemic toxicity developed. Two patients who underwent repeat salvage perfusions developed a reversible peripheral neuropathy in the limb. Limb function was good after treatment, and dramatically improved in patients who had advanced satellitosis that responded to treatment. These results suggest that heated limb perfusion using mechlorethamine at an adequate dose can offer long-term control of intransit metastases in approximately one third of these patients, with preservation of good limb function and possible prolongation of survival.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Regional isolated limb perfusion of melanoma intransit metastases using mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard). option2: Central nervous system metastases in epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
A:
|
Regional isolated limb perfusion of melanoma intransit metastases using mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard).
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Methotrexate (MTX) appears to be useful in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) refractory to other drugs but its long-term toxicity and efficacy are uncertain. A retrospective study of MTX in such patients in comparison with the purine analogues, azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine was made using life-table analysis. Eighty-four patients took MTX in a median dose of 7.5 mg/week whilst 55 received purine analogues, 100 mg/day (median). By 12 months, 19.3% of patients had ceased MTX due to toxicity, compared with 29.3% for purine analogues. Toxicity severe enough to warrant stopping therapy was uncommon after 8 months with either drug. At 12 months 61.5% of the MTX patients had achieved defined criteria of improvement compared with 25.6% for the purine analogues (p less than 0.05). The number of patients improving on purine analogues did not increase substantially after 6 months, whereas the number improving with MTX continued to 12 months. MTX in a low-dose regimen is useful in refractory RA and superior to low-dose purine analogues.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Comparison of methotrexate with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine in refractory rheumatoid arthritis: a life-table analysis. option2: Myocyte cell loss and myocyte hypertrophy in the aging rat heart.
Output:
|
Comparison of methotrexate with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine in refractory rheumatoid arthritis: a life-table analysis.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Rehabilitation of the patient with arthritis is a multifaceted process that should always involve patient, family, and a wide variety of healthcare professionals and community organizations. The optimal goal is to improve the patient's functional performance. Success depends on correct identification of functionally limiting problems.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Arthritis rehabilitation. A multifaceted process. option2: Testosterone enhancement of thyroid carcinoma in rats: the role of TSH.
A:
|
Arthritis rehabilitation. A multifaceted process.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The Inyo nail is a new intramedullary device for the treatment of fractures of the distal fibula. It is a tapered V-shaped nail made of malleable stainless steel, which provides rigid fracture fixation. Torsional stress is resisted because of its triflanged shape. It may be introduced closed, using the image intensifier. Two groups of patients were evaluated: Group I was treated with the Inyo nail and Group II was treated by the Association For the Study of Internal Fixation (ASIF) technique. Eighty-five percent of the patients in Group I were rated as good, compared with 63% in Group II. There was significantly less morbidity and complications in Group I. Several factors must be observed in the treatment of ankle fractures. Stress radiographs must be obtained intraoperative. Surgery may be indicated in unstable supination lateral rotation Type II injuries, if these occur in patients with high physical demands. Anatomic reduction of the lateral malleolus must be obtained. Early weight-bearing and motion produces the best result. Late reconstruction of malunions can be accomplished using the Inyo nail.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: A new approach to the treatment of ankle fractures. The Inyo nail. option2: Spin labeling study on membrane fluidity of epidermal cell (cow snout epidermis).
|
A new approach to the treatment of ankle fractures. The Inyo nail.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: A retrospective review was conducted to assess the effect of molindone on weight. Monthly weights and neuroleptic dosages during the first three months of psychiatric hospitalization were compared between matched groups of patients receiving molindone, a combination of molindone and other neuroleptics, or other neuroleptic drugs. We found no significant differences in weight gain among the three groups. Our results challenge the common opinion that molindone can be associated with a lack of weight gain compared to other antipsychotics.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Effect of molindone on weight change in hospitalized schizophrenic patients. option2: Progress in inflammatory breast cancer: cause for cautious optimism [editorial]
Student:
|
Effect of molindone on weight change in hospitalized schizophrenic patients.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: This article reviews the results of studies using electromyographic recordings to determine muscle function during athletic activities. Electromyographic recordings were synchronized with high-speed film to provide information on shoulder muscle firing patterns during baseball pitching, swimming, tennis, and golf. The information obtained about the contributions of specific muscles during these activities may be useful in developing effective injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Electromyography and motion analysis of the upper extremity in sports. option2: Adrenocortical carcinoma.
Output:
|
Electromyography and motion analysis of the upper extremity in sports.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Intravenous cimetidine, 300 mg or 400 mg, or ranitidine, 50 mg, was administered as a single dose to 36 volunteers in a randomized, crossover fashion. Aspirates of gastric juice were obtained after dosing, and the pH, titratable acidity, gastric fluid volume, and gastric acid output were determined from baseline through 71/2 hours for each subject. Each intervention significantly increased pH and suppressed hydrogen ion concentration, gastric fluid volume, and gastric acid output. Both the magnitudes of the changes when compared with baseline and the time of the mean maximum effects were similar in all three drug regimens. The effect of all three interventions on gastric fluid volume and gastric acid output diminished sharply after 6 hours. The data indicate that the gastric secretory response to all three interventions did not differ substantially.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The effect of single intravenous doses of cimetidine or ranitidine on gastric secretion. option2: The influence of a family practice residency on the costs of inpatient diagnostic testing.
A:
|
The effect of single intravenous doses of cimetidine or ranitidine on gastric secretion.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The effectiveness of neostigmine 0.07 mg kg-1 and edrophonium 0.8 mg kg-1 as antagonists of profound neuromuscular blockade induced by vecuronium 0.1 mg kg-1 or atracurium 0.5 mg kg-1 was studied in 59 healthy patients. The antagonists were administered 5 min after total ablation of the twitch response and the end-point of recovery was a train-of-four ratio of 70%. In 30 patients given vecuronium the mean time to reach this point (duration TOF70) was 66.7 min in the control group (no antagonist), 43.5 min in the group given neostigmine and 59.8 min in the group given edrophonium. The duration TOF70 was shorter in the neostigmine group than in the control (P less than 0.01) and edrophonium (P less than 0.01) groups. The duration TOF70 did not differ from control in the edrophonium group. In 29 patients given atracurium, the durations TOF70 were 66.4, 44.1 and 54.9 min in the control, neostigmine and edrophonium groups, respectively. The durations TOF70 in the neostigmine (P less than 0.01) and edrophonium (P less than 0.01), groups were shorter than control. The duration TOF70 of the neostigmine group was shorter than in the edrophonium group (P less than 0.01). These results show that profound neuromuscular blockade cannot be rapidly antagonized by either of these two agents, but if reversal is required under these circumstances, neostigmine would be the more effective drug.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Antagonism of profound neuromuscular blockade induced by vecuronium or atracurium. Comparison of neostigmine with edrophonium. option2: The diagnosis and treatment of chancroid.
Output:
|
Antagonism of profound neuromuscular blockade induced by vecuronium or atracurium. Comparison of neostigmine with edrophonium.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Drinking red wine may provoke bronchospasm in subjects with asthma. In order to reveal some of the possible agents involved in this reaction, 18 patients with a history of red wine-induced asthma were studied. They received, in a double-blind fashion, red wine with low sulfur dioxide (SO2) and high amine, high SO2 and high amine and low SO2 and low amine content. In each challenge, the wine was administered in stepwise increasing quantities until a total of 385 ml or a fall in peak expiratory flow of greater than 15% was reached. Nine subjects demonstrated a significant fall in peak flow in one or more challenges. In all cases the most severe reaction was observed after the wine with high SO2 content. The study suggests that SO2 is the most important factor in red wine-induced asthma. It is recommended that wine labels provide information on the SO2 content.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Red wine asthma: a controlled challenge study. option2: Radioactive fallout swipe samples from Chernobyl [letter]
Output:
|
Red wine asthma: a controlled challenge study.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: When dog lung lobes were perfused at constant arterial inflow rate, occlusion of the venous outflow (VO) produced a rapid jump in venous pressure (Pv) followed by a slower rise in both arterial pressure (Pa) and Pv. During the slow rise Pa(t) and Pv(t) tended to converge and become concave upward as the volume of blood in the lungs increased. We compared the dynamic vascular volume vs. pressure curves obtained after VO with the static volume vs. pressure curves obtained by dye dilution. The slope of the static curve (the static compliance, Cst) was always larger than the slope of the dynamic curve (the dynamic compliance, Cdyn). In addition, the Cdyn decreased with increasing blood flow rate. When venous occlusion (VO) was followed after a short time interval by arterial occlusion (AO) such that the lobe was isovolumic, both Pa and Pv fell with time to a level that was below either pressure at the instant of AO. In an attempt to explain these observations a compartmental model was constructed in which the hemodynamic resistance and vascular compliance were volume dependent and the vessel walls were viscoelastic. These features of the model could account for the convergence and upward concavity of the Pa and Pv curves after VO and the pressure relaxation in the isovolumic state after AO, respectively. According to the model analysis, the difference between Cst and Cdyn and the flow dependence of Cdyn are due to wall viscosity and volume dependence of compliance, respectively. Model analysis also suggested ways of evaluating changes in the viscoelasticity of the lobar vascular bed. Hypoxic vasoconstriction that increased total vascular resistance also decreased Cst and Cdyn and appeared to increase the vessel wall viscosity.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Pulmonary vascular compliance and viscoelasticity. option2: Plasma free, sulfo- and glucuro-conjugated catecholamines in uremic patients.
|
Pulmonary vascular compliance and viscoelasticity.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The surgical anatomy of a transtemporal approach to the structures of the clivus was defined with the aid of dissections in 10 cadaver heads. The steps in the dissection consisted of first exposing the cervical internal carotid artery (ICA), the internal jugular vein, and the caudal cranial nerves, each at the skull base; then performing small retromastoid and temporal craniotomies; and, finally, drilling away the petrous and tympanic bone to expose the intratemporal parts of the facial nerve, the petrous ICA, the sigmoid sinus, and the jugular bulb. To expose the structures of the lower clivus, the sigmoid sinus was ligated and divided, the facial nerve was displaced anterosuperiorly, and the inner ear structures were preserved. Dural opening exposed the anterolateral and anterior surfaces of the medulla, the pontomedullary junction, and the spinomedullary junction. The ipsilateral vertebral artery and often the contralateral vertebral artery and the vertebrobasilar junction, the caudal cranial nerves, and the origin of the 6th, 7th, and 8th cranial nerves were well exposed. To expose the structures of the middle clivus, we drilled away the labyrinth, the cochlea, and a portion of the clival bone. The facial nerve was displaced posteroinferiorly. Dural opening exposed the ipsilateral anterior surface of the pons, the midbasilar artery, and the ipsilateral 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th cranial nerves. A portion of the contralateral anterior surface of the pons was also exposed at times. The superior limit of this exposure was just above the origin of the trigeminal nerve. The exposure of the upper clival structures was limited with this approach, and required medial temporal lobe retraction. Two case reports are included to illustrate the application of the transtemporal approach to the exposure and clipping of aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar system. The advantages and disadvantages of this approach are discussed.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Transtemporal approach to the skull base: an anatomical study. option2: "Friends" dance for Library of Medicine [news]
|
Transtemporal approach to the skull base: an anatomical study.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: A mandatory seatbelt use law, the first such law in the nation, became fully in force in New York State as of 1 January, 1985. We studied seatbelt use among drivers and front seat passengers involved in motor vehicle accidents for a 3-month period pre-legislation (Phase 1), and a 5-month period post-legislation (Phase 2), to determine if this type of compulsory law, providing civil fines of $50 for violators, changes seatbelt use behavior. The reported use rate among drivers rose from 21% pre-legislation to 47% post-legislation (p less than 0.01). The use rate among front seat passengers rose from 21% to 40% (not significantly different due to the small number of occupants recorded in this position). A highway survey (Phase 3) noted the use rate in New York City and surrounding counties to be 63%, a marked increase from the published pre-legislation value of 16%. We conclude that mandatory seatbelt use legislation is effective in significantly increasing seatbelt use and urge physicians to seek similar legislation in every state.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: New York State mandatory seatbelt use law: patterns of seatbelt use before and after legislation. option2: Foot pain in children.
Output:
|
New York State mandatory seatbelt use law: patterns of seatbelt use before and after legislation.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: The effects of electrical stimulation of the vagi on gas transport mediated by high-frequency, low tidal volume ventilation (HFV) was examined in 10 anesthetized, paralyzed, propranolol-treated dogs. Gas transport efficiency was estimated by measuring the rate of CO2 removed from the lungs (Vco2) achieved during 45-s bursts of HFV applied before (control 1), during, and after (control 2) electrical stimulation of the transected vagi. During vagal stimulation the heart rate was maintained by electrical pacing. During the 15-s phase of vagal stimulation pulmonary impedance increased from 3.6 +/- 0.7 to 6.2 +/- 2.2 cmH2O X l-1 X s, and Vco2 increased. When the electrical stimulation of the vagi was stopped, impedance and Vco2 returned to prestimulation values. Vco2 was always higher during electrical stimulation of the vagi when HFV of a fixed volume was applied over a range of frequencies or when a fixed oscillation frequency was used over a range of tidal volumes. The effects of vagal stimulation on HFV-mediated gas transport were quite similar to the effects of moving the locations of the bias flow inlet and outlet into the lung such that tracheal volume was decreased by 20 ml, an amount equivalent to estimated change in control airway volume thought to occur during vagal stimulation. We simulated the effects of vagal stimulation and decreased tracheal volume on Vco2 by using a previously described model of HFV-mediated gas transport.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: CO2 elimination by high-frequency oscillation: effects of vagosympathetic stimulation. option2: Trace elements in serum, packed cells, and dialysate of CAPD patients.
A:
|
CO2 elimination by high-frequency oscillation: effects of vagosympathetic stimulation.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: The objective of this study was to find naturally occurring anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies to anti-human thyroglobulin (anti-hTg) idiotype in sera of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Sera from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), Graves' disease (GD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and sera from normal subjects were tested for the presence of anti-Id antibodies against mouse anti-hTg monoclonal antibodies (McAb) in indirect ELISA and in indirect solid-phase RIA. Microtitration plates were coated with six McAb, five of them directed against different epitopes on hTg molecule, and then incubated with patients' sera. The bound antibody was detected with either peroxidase or 125I-labeled anti-human IgG. The specific positive reaction was observed in four of 40 patients with HT, in two of 26 patients with GD, in seven of 58 patients with RA, and in none of 20 normal subjects. The detected binding was due to the presence of anti-hTg anti-Id antibodies and not to Tg-anti-Tg circulating immune complexes, as the positive sera did not contain hTg when resolved on SDS-PAGE, nor did they bind to all anti-hTg McAb tested. The binding was dose dependent, and titers of anti-Id antibodies varied from 1:243 to 1:2187. The binding could be inhibited up to 50% by hTg, but not by the thyroid microsomal antigen, indicating that some of those anti-Id might represent the internal image of the antigen. Serum from the patient 3403, showing the strongest reactivity against McAb A-3, was chosen for IgG purification and F(ab')2 fragment isolation. The 3403 F(ab')2 fragment, but not the Fc fragment, was found to react specifically with four mouse anti-hTg McAb but not with the control mouse IgG. Thus, the obtained results permit the conclusion that anti-hTg anti-Id antibodies could occur naturally during the course of thyroid autoimmune disorders.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Anti-thyroglobulin anti-idiotypic antibodies in sera of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. option2: Nuclear risk assessment [letter]
Solution:
|
Anti-thyroglobulin anti-idiotypic antibodies in sera of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: This retrospective review of medical records was designed to address three questions: 1) Can the depression seen in some patients with Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (DAT) be successfully treated? 2) Does this treatment lead to any long-term improvement in the patient's cognitive status? and 3) Do patients with coexisting DAT and depression have a different long-term clinical course than nondepressed DAT patients? In the authors' sample of 131 DAT subjects, 41 (31%) also met DMS-III criteria for a major affective disorder. Of those DAT plus depression patients whose records reflected treatment (usually with a tricyclic antidepressant), 85% (17 of 20) showed clear evidence of improvement in mood, vegetative signs, or activities of daily living (ADLs) based on review of the medical record. An analysis of change in cognitive function (measured by the Folstein Mini-Mental State) and five global measures failed to reveal any differences between the depressed and nondepressed groups after a mean interval of 17 months. The depression that occurs in approximately one-quarter to one-third of DAT patients appears to respond to appropriate therapy. These patients often show improvement in their mood and ADLs but remain demented.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Dementia of the Alzheimer's type and depression. option2: Analysis of enzymatically amplified beta-globin and HLA-DQ alpha DNA with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes.
Output:
|
Dementia of the Alzheimer's type and depression.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: The New Mexico State Legislature passed a child restraint law applicable to children less than 5 years of age that became effective in June 1983. To evaluate the effectiveness of this law, we analyzed traffic accident data for New Mexico from January 1981 through September 1984. During this period, there were 20,972 children younger than 5 years of age in motor vehicle accidents. Restraint usage increased for this age group from a low of about 10% in 1981 to more than 40% in 1984 (P less than 10(-6)). Unrestrained children younger than 5 years of age were five times more likely to be killed and two times more likely to be injured than restrained children. Analysis of motor vehicle accident fatality and injury rates pre- and post-law revealed a 33% reduction in motor vehicle accident fatality rates and a 12.6% reduction in nonfatal injury rates for children younger than 5 years. We conclude that child restraint devices are effective in reducing motor vehicle accident fatalities and injuries in young children and the child restraint law has been effective in increasing child restraint usage and in reducing childhood death and injury in New Mexico.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Child restraint law effects on motor vehicle accident fatalities and injuries: the New Mexico experience. option2: A new technique of transduodenal choledochoduodenostomy.
Solution:
|
Child restraint law effects on motor vehicle accident fatalities and injuries: the New Mexico experience.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Proximal straight tubules (PST) has been shown to be an important nephron segment of renal ammonia production. To clarify the nature of glutamine (substrate of ammonia production) transport in PST, both luminal resorption and peritubular uptake of glutamine were measured in isolated rabbit PST. Luminal glutamine resorption (Jgln) was measured at various perfusate glutamine concentration (0.05 to 20 mM) at 38 degrees C and 12 degrees C. Jgln measured at 12 degrees C were proportional to mean luminal glutamine concentrations. This flux was thought to be a passive glutamine flux. The flux, which was obtained by subtracting passive glutamine flux from Jgln obtained at 38 degrees C, was thought to be active luminal resorption. This flux exhibited saturation kinetics (Vmax 20.9 pmol min-1 X mm-1, km 5.2 mM). When bath pH (HCO3) was lowered from 7.4 to 6.8, Jgln showed no change or a small decrease (12%) at perfusate glutamine concentrations of 0.05 or 5 mM, respectively. When perfusate pH (HCO3) was lowered from 7.4 to 6.8 Jgln showed a small decrease (10%) at 5 mM perfusate glutamine concentration. Peritubular glutamine uptake was determined in isolated nonperfused PST incubated for 5 to 50 min in [14C]-glutamine containing solution. When incubated in pH 7.4 HCO3 buffer solution, cell to medium 14C concentration ratio was higher than unity (3.83 +/- 0.34, P less than 0.001) at 5 min, and reached a maximum (11.37 +/- 1.13) at 30 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Glutamine transport in the rabbit proximal straight tubule: effect of acute acid pH. option2: Comparative flow rates for small bore peripheral intravenous catheters.
Output:
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Glutamine transport in the rabbit proximal straight tubule: effect of acute acid pH.
| 1
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Nitrogen balance in response to varying caloric intake was studied in 17 non-steroid-treated patients with isolated severe head injury (Glasgow Coma Scores, 4-9). Nitrogen excretion was found to remain relatively stable or to rise in response to protein intake over a wide range of nonprotein calorie intakes. Urine urea nitrogen excretion was not related to caloric intake, but was correlated (p less than 0.04) with nitrogen intake. In this study protein conservation was not achieved by increasing caloric intake up to and beyond two times the basal energy expenditure in the brain-injured patient. In these patients nitrogen balance could only be achieved by nitrogen intakes in excess of the high protein catabolic rate. These findings argue for a central control mechanism for protein catabolism that is independent of the magnitude of peripheral tissue injury.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Failure of nonprotein calories to mediate protein conservation in brain-injured patients. option2: Bone and joint sepsis.
A:
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Failure of nonprotein calories to mediate protein conservation in brain-injured patients.
| 7
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Two patients with metastatic dysgerminoma of the ovary were treated with a combination of etoposide, bleomycin, and cisplatin at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston. Both patients achieved a complete remission. Patient 1 developed a massive recurrence in the para-aortic lymph nodes 21 months after diagnosis and treatment with right salpingo-oophorectomy alone. She received four cycles of chemotherapy and is free of disease 21 months from the start of chemotherapy. Patient 2 had Stage III dysgerminoma and a lymphangiogram positive for tumor in the para-aortic lymph nodes. After surgery she received three cycles of chemotherapy and is free of disease 20 months from the start of chemotherapy. Both complete remissions were documented with second-look laparotomy. Chemotherapy may be an alternative to radiotherapy for the treatment of metastatic dysgerminoma and should also be considered for selected patients with Stage I disease. A literature review further supports the conclusion that additional clinical trials might expand the indications for chemotherapy in patients with this disease.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Chemotherapeutic complete remission in patients with metastatic ovarian dysgerminoma. Potential for cure and preservation of reproductive capacity. option2: Creativity in marketing a nutrition counseling service.
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Chemotherapeutic complete remission in patients with metastatic ovarian dysgerminoma. Potential for cure and preservation of reproductive capacity.
| 0
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: CT scans were obtained in five patients who presented with abdominal pain and were found to have an abdominal aortic aneurysm without evidence of hypovolaemia. A periaortic haematoma and evidence of a rupture was found on scanning in three of the patients and confirmed at immediate operation. A retrospective diagnosis of rapidly expanding (acute) aneurysm was made in the other two patients in whom no other pathology was found at early elective operation. CT scanning is useful in differentiating small well-controlled ruptures from rapidly expanding aneurysms.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Differentiation of ruptured aortic aneurysm from acute expansion by computerised tomography. option2: Constant velocity dynamometer: an appraisal using mechanical loading.
A:
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Differentiation of ruptured aortic aneurysm from acute expansion by computerised tomography.
| 4
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: This study describes a cohort of foreign medical school graduates (FMGs) who first sat for the American Board of Internal Medicine's (ABIM) 1982 certifying examination, compares their performance with that of US medical school graduates, describes differences between US citizen FMGs and alien FMGs, and examines which background factors predict success on the ABIM examination. Data for this study were derived by combining information retained by the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates with ABIM data. Most FMGs who took the 1982 ABIM certifying examination for the first time were educated in and citizens of Asia, but a sizable minority were US citizens educated in Europe. Scores and program directors' ratings were lower for FMGs than US medical school graduates, and they attended different types of training programs. United States citizen FMGs were very similar to alien FMGs. Foreign medical school graduates who did well on the ABIM examination had done well on the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates examination and were rated highly by their residency program director.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Predictors of the performance of foreign medical graduates on the 1982 certifying examination in internal medicine. option2: Swelling of the knee.
Output:
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Predictors of the performance of foreign medical graduates on the 1982 certifying examination in internal medicine.
| 2
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Ex vivo renal artery surgery has been reported by several investigators and has extended the role of revascularization in the treatment of lesions previously managed by nephrectomy alone. Several techniques are available for use, and selection of the most appropriate method can be tailored to the specific anatomy being managed. Our total experience included 27 kidneys that have been managed by ex vivo renal artery reconstruction. Lesions managed in this manner include two kidneys with renal artery stenosis and renal tumors, one kidney with a congenital branch arteriovenous malformation, and 24 kidneys with branch occlusive or aneurysmal disease from fibromuscular dysplasia. Postoperative angiography was performed in 22 cases and defined successful revascularization without technical error in 20 cases. One operative death occurred as a result of myocardial infarction. One patient required reoperation to control bleeding, and two patients had temporary acute tubular necrosis during the postoperative period. Techniques employed included ex vivo repair with autotransplantation to the iliac system (six kidneys), mobilization and perfusion without transection of the renal vein (10 kidneys), and ex vivo perfusion and repair with replacement into the original renal fossa (11 kidneys). The authors believe this latter technique of reconstruction to be preferable to autotransplantation for the usual patient undergoing ex vivo repair of complex renovascular lesions.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Ex vivo renal artery reconstructions: indications and techniques. option2: Child restraint law effects on motor vehicle accident fatalities and injuries: the New Mexico experience.
|
Ex vivo renal artery reconstructions: indications and techniques.
| 0
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Blood flow through and chlormethiazole extraction ratios across lungs, liver, kidneys and gut were measured in awake unrestrained sheep (controls) and with the same animals anaesthetized with 1.5% halothane or whilst undergoing high thoracic subarachnoid blockade with amethocaine. In the control-drug studies, chlormethiazole infused to sub-sedative blood concentrations produced no significant changes in haemodynamics or in the kinetics of iodohippurate (renal and hepatic blood flows). Chlormethiazole was eliminated predominantly by the liver (mean extraction ratio and clearance, respectively, 0.90 and 1.3 litre min-1) and lungs (0.15; 0.6 litre min-1). Renal clearance was absent or negligible (greater than 0.1 litre min-1). Because of pulmonary clearance, mean total body clearance was derived from analysis of pulmonary arterial concentrations. Under general anaesthesia, there were significant reductions in mean cardiac output, hepatic and renal blood flow (to 54%, 63% and 43% of control); chlormethiazole mean hepatic extraction ratios and clearance were reduced, respectively, to 82% and 56% of control, and its pulmonary and renal clearances were abolished. With subarachnoid anaesthesia there were no significant changes in haemodynamics or in chlormethiazole extraction ratios or clearances.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: A sheep preparation for studying interactions between blood flow and drug disposition. VI: Effects of general or subarachnoid anaesthesia on blood flow and chlormethiazole disposition. option2: Medium-depth chemical peeling: digging beneath the surface [editorial]
A:
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A sheep preparation for studying interactions between blood flow and drug disposition. VI: Effects of general or subarachnoid anaesthesia on blood flow and chlormethiazole disposition.
| 7
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: From these discussions, it is apparent that: Alcoholic liver disease is increasing at a rapid rate in conjunction with an increase of annual gross and per capita consumption of alcohol. Alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic hyaline are much less common in Japan compared to western countries. Alcoholic hepatic fibrosis and chronic hepatitis are the common types of alcoholic liver disease in Japan. Alcoholic hepatic fibrosis may be a pathological process or entity independent of fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic cirrhosis. It is not clear at the present time whether heavy alcohol consumption per se or non-A, non-B hepatitis virus is the cause of chronic hepatitis seen in HBsAg negative alcoholics.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Alcoholic liver disease in Japan. option2: AIDS: German survey's gloomy outlook [news]
A:
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Alcoholic liver disease in Japan.
| 4
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Thirteen children with sickle cell disease were identified as having 14 episodes of osteoarticular infection in a review of 27 years' experience. There were eight episodes of osteomyelitis or osteoarthritis and six of suppurative arthritis alone. The etiologic agents in osteomyelitis or osteoarthritis were Salmonella sp in four cases, Escherichia coli in one, Enterobacter aerogenes in one, Staphylococcus aureus in one, and Haemophilus influenzae type b in one. Five of the cases with infection limited to the joint were caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae; the sixth was caused by H influenzae type b. Fever (greater than or equal to 38.3 degrees C) was present in all children and the temperature was in excess of 39 degrees C in 62%. The mean duration of pain before admission was 4.5 days. The initial total white blood cell count ranged from 5,200 to 29,700/microL (mean 19,436/microL) and the total band neutrophil count ranged from 0 to 5,103/microL (mean 1,660/microL). The ESR was greater than 20 mm/h in eight of the ten patients who were tested. Management consisted of antibiotic therapy in all. Needle aspiration was performed in two patients with osteomyelitis and in three with suppurative arthritis. Incision and drainage was performed in two cases of osteomyelitis and in four with suppurative arthritis. The outcome was satisfactory in all except one patient who had several complications as a consequence of femoral neck osteomyelitis. Recurrence was reported in only one patient.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Osteoarticular infections in children with sickle cell disease. option2: Short latency somatosensory-evoked potentials in children--Part 2. Effects of spinovertebral disorders.
Output:
|
Osteoarticular infections in children with sickle cell disease.
| 1
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: This prospective study evaluated the use of basic vital signs, two mechanisms of injury, and time-distance factors as field triage criteria for on-scene helicopter transport of 130 patients to a trauma center serving a rural area. The vital signs criteria included any one or more of the following: level of consciousness (LOC) less than or equal to unresponsive to verbal stimulation; respiration rate (RR) less than or equal to 10 or greater than or equal to 30; systolic blood pressure (BP) less than or equal to 90; pulse (P) less than or equal to 60 or greater than or equal to 120. The flight crew recorded vital signs taken by the first responder capable of basic assessment. Entrapment and associated fatalities in motor vehicular accidents were recorded and flight logistics were examined. The presence of one or more abnormal signs identified a group of seriously injured trauma patients (mean Injury Severity Score = 29.1) with 24% mortality compared to a predicted mortality of 32% (p less than 0.02). Unresponsiveness to verbal stimulation in the field was the single most predictive criterion, yielding sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 85%. Time-distance criteria were helpful to determine helicopter use.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Field triage for on-scene helicopter transport. option2: Fractures and sprains.
Output:
|
Field triage for on-scene helicopter transport.
| 2
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Studies of airway glands indicate a muscarinic cholinergic regulation of secretion. Because of the cellular complexity of the airways, receptor characterization in whole tissue is unfeasible. Therefore, we utilized homogenates of disaggregated gland cells isolated from cat trachea and the muscarinic antagonist [1-3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) to characterize glandular muscarinic receptors. Receptors of isolated cells were functionally intact as assessed by carbachol (10(-4) M) stimulation of O2 consumption 86 +/- 6% (+/- SE, n = 20). Stimulation was dose dependent (mean effective concentration = 3.5 microM), inhibited by atropine [dissociation constant (KD) = 4.2 nM] but not phentolamine nor propranolol. Specific binding of [3H]QNB to cell homogenates was saturable, of high affinity (KD = 36 pM) and to a single population of receptors. Maximum binding was 58 fmol/10(6) cells or about 35,000 receptors per cell. Estimated affinities for muscarinic agents were in the micromolar range for agonists and nanomolar range for antagonists. Histamine, alpha-adrenergic, and beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists did not inhibit specific binding. These results suggest that muscarinic receptors on tracheal gland cells are of high affinity and density.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Characterization of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in cat tracheal gland cells. option2: Health care in transition. Consequences for young physicians. Council on Long-Range Planning and Development.
|
Characterization of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in cat tracheal gland cells.
| 5
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: To study respiratory muscle interaction in patients with occlusive apnea, diaphragmatic electromyogram (EMGdi) and gastric, pleural, and transdiaphragmatic pressures (Pga, Ppl, and Pdi, respectively) were studied in seven patients during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep. Diaphragmatic force output, as assessed by Pdi, followed the periodic changes in EMGdi but during the occlusive phase the increase in Pdi was more than the increase in EMGdi. This increase in Pdi was essentially due to an increase in Ppl, since Pga and EMGdi had a linear relationship (r = 0.98, P less than 0.001) that did not change during the occlusive and ventilatory phases. Abdominal muscle recruitment evident in Pga and abdominal motion tracings during the occlusive phase when paradoxical rib cage motion was observed suggested that this increase in diaphragmatic efficiency was likely due to a change in diaphragmatic length-tension characteristics. These results demonstrate that, in patients with occlusive apneas, the diaphragm is the predominant respiratory muscle during NREM sleep and that its function is supported by abdominal muscle recruitment.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Respiratory muscle interaction during NREM sleep in patients with occlusive apnea. option2: The effects of metabolic acidosis on bone formation and bone resorption in the rat.
|
Respiratory muscle interaction during NREM sleep in patients with occlusive apnea.
| 5
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Proliferin (PLF) is a member of the PRL-GH family whose mRNA has been detected in proliferating mouse cells in culture and in mouse placenta. Suspensions of murine placental tissue have been shown to produce PLF detectable by immunoprecipitation. Here we report that PLF is secreted as a heterogeneous glycoprotein by growing mouse cell lines and placental tissue and that the first 29 amino acids of the preprotein serve as a signal peptide. Placental PLF is immunologically distinguishable from the 2 previously described mouse placental lactogens.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Secretion of proliferin. option2: Hepatic angiosarcoma: mimicking of angioma on three-phase technetium-99m red blood cell scintigraphy.
A:
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Secretion of proliferin.
| 9
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Acute myocardial infarction occurred in a 25-year-old woman. Coronary angiography performed one month after the acute illness was normal. An ergonovine test was negative. The patient's acute myocardial infarction most probably was induced by the use of oral contraceptives in combination with heavy smoking. Oral contraceptives, with their known influence on the blood coagulation system, must be considered a risk factor in precipitating coronary artery disease.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Acute myocardial infarction in a young woman taking oral contraceptives. A case report. option2: Desipramine enhances opiate postoperative analgesia.
Output:
|
Acute myocardial infarction in a young woman taking oral contraceptives. A case report.
| 1
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: We report the usefulness of scar flaps and secondary flaps in the surgical repair of extensively burned patients. Burn scar contractures repaired with scarred axial pattern flaps, scarred musculocutaneous flaps and scarred fasciocutaneous flaps are described. However, it is our contention that their application should be strictly limited. An example of the use of scarred secondary axial pattern and musculocutaneous flaps for reconstruction of a burned ear is shown.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Use of scarred flaps and secondary flaps for reconstructive surgery of extensive burns. option2: Induction of immunologic tolerance: desensitization to occupational allergens.
Output:
|
Use of scarred flaps and secondary flaps for reconstructive surgery of extensive burns.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: The origin of Merkel cells is still a matter of debate, specifically the question of whether they are derived from epithelial cells of the epidermis or from immigrated neural crest cells. As an argument for the latter hypothesis the occurrence of dermal, nerve-associated Merkel cells in human fetal skin has often been mentioned. Therefore, we analyzed the distribution of Merkel cells in epidermis and dermis of plantar skin of human embryos and fetuses, ranging in gestational age between 7 and 17 weeks. Merkel cells were identified by immunocytochemistry on frozen sections using antibodies against simple epithelium-type cytokeratins and by electron microscopy. In the 17-week-old fetus, 17% of the total cutaneous (epidermal and dermal) Merkel cells were located in the upper dermal compartment, whereas in the 14-week-old fetus only 3.9% of the Merkel cells were dermal, including some cells that seemed to be in the process of traversing the dermal-epidermal junction. Thirteen-week-old fetuses showed even fewer dermal Merkel cells. Twelve-week-old fetuses exhibited 660 epidermal Merkel cells per 100 mm total section length, but none in the upper or deep dermis. In 7- to 9-week embryos, no Merkel cells were recognized. However, at this stage, but not in later stages, the basal cells of the plantar epidermis expressed certain simple epithelium-type cytokeratin polypeptides. These results speak against an invasion of Merkel cells or putative neural crest-derived precursor cells into the epidermis via a dermal passage. They suggest that in plantar skin Merkel cells arise, between weeks 8-12, from precursor stages of epithelial cells of the early fetal epidermis which still express simple epithelium-type cytokeratins. The results further suggest that in subsequent stages of skin development some epidermal Merkel cells detach from the epithelium and migrate into the upper dermis where some of them may associate with small nerves.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Formation of epidermal and dermal Merkel cells during human fetal skin development. option2: Failure of blood transfusion or naloxone to improve clinical recovery after experimental spinal cord injury.
Output:
|
Formation of epidermal and dermal Merkel cells during human fetal skin development.
| 3
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: TSH is a glycoprotein hormone whose carbohydrate content varies among different species. Although recent studies suggest that variants of TSH deficient in carbohydrate occur naturally, the significance of the carbohydrate moiety of TSH in respect to its thyrotropic function is unclear. The present studies were undertaken, therefore, to examine this question. A highly purified preparation of bovine TSH (bTSH) was deglycosylated by treatment with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. Amino acid and carbohydrate analyses of the original and deglycosylated preparations indicated that approximately 85% of the carbohydrate originally present had been removed and that the protein moiety was unaltered. As judged from TSH radioreceptor assays, bTSH and deglycosylated bTSH (dg-bTSH) bound to human thyroid membranes with equal affinity, since both caused a half-maximal inhibition of [125I]bTSH binding at approximately equal concentrations. Nonetheless, dg-bTSH at optimal concentration displayed only about one third the activity of intact TSH in stimulating adenylate cyclase activity in human thyroid membranes. dg-bTSH also antagonized the adenylate cyclase-stimulating activity of intact bTSH in this system, but only weakly, since abolition of the bTSH effect required an approximately 40-fold higher concentration of dg-bTSH. In cultures of FRTL5 cells, a cloned line of follicular cells derived from normal rat thyroid, both intact and dg-bTSH enhanced cell growth, as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation and stimulated cAMP release in the medium, but the response elicited by dg-bTSH was much less than that caused by equal concentrations of the intact hormone. In accord with the findings in the in vitro assays, dg-bTSH evoked a much smaller response than bTSH did in the in vivo mouse assay. It is concluded that although not required for receptor recognition, the carbohydrate moiety of bTSH is essential for the full expression of its biological activity.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The carbohydrate moiety of bovine thyrotropin is essential for full bioactivity but not for receptor recognition. option2: Petechiae and urticaria after DTP vaccination: detection of circulating immune complexes containing vaccine-specific antigens [published erratum appears in J Pediatr 1987 Jul;111(1):162]
|
The carbohydrate moiety of bovine thyrotropin is essential for full bioactivity but not for receptor recognition.
| 5
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: The purpose of this was to determine whether the site of physiological narrowing within the upper airway was uniform or differed among patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Inspiratory pressures were measured with an esophageal balloon catheter and three catheters located at different sites along the upper airway: supralaryngeal airway, oropharynx, and nasopharynx. Peak inspiratory pressure differences between catheters allowed assessment of pressure gradients across three airway segments: lungs-larynx-retroepiglottal airway (esophageal-supralaryngeal pressure), hypopharynx (supralaryngeal-oropharynx pressure), and transpalatal airway (oropharynx-nasopharynx pressure). In five patients, hypopharyngeal obstruction was present, and in four patients no hypopharyngeal obstruction existed. In these four patients the site of obstruction was located at the level of the palate. In a given subject, the site of obstruction was the same during repeated measurements. The presence or absence of hypopharyngeal narrowing during sleep was not predictable from gradients measured across different segments of the upper airway during wakefulness. We conclude that the site of physiological upper airway obstruction varies among patients with obstructive sleep apnea and is not predictable from pressure measured during wakefulness. We speculate that uvulopalatopharyngoplasty may not relieve obstructive apneas in patients with hypopharyngeal obstruction.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Variable site of airway narrowing among obstructive sleep apnea patients. option2: Leads from the MMWR. Premature mortality from diabetes mellitus--use of sentinel health event surveillance to assess causes.
Student:
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Variable site of airway narrowing among obstructive sleep apnea patients.
| 6
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: To establish the prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in infants up to 3 months of age with suspected sepsis, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine specimens from 203 patients with clinical signs and symptoms of sepsis were cultured for Mycoplasma in addition to routine bacterial cultures. Proved bacterial infections were identified in 24 patients, four of whom had bacteremia. M. hominis and U. urealyticum were not isolated from any of the 191 blood and 199 CSF specimens tested. Of 170 specimens of urine cultured for Mycoplasma, M. hominis was isolated in six patients, U. urealyticum in nine patients, and both organisms in one patient. Twelve of the positive cultures were voided urine specimens, and four were suprapubic bladder aspiration specimens. Genital mycoplasmas appear to be uncommon causes of sepsis or meningitis in young infants. Further studies are required to assess their role in abnormal conditions of the urinary tract in childhood.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Role of genital mycoplasmas in young infants with suspected sepsis. option2: Corneal changes in familial iris coloboma [letter]
A:
|
Role of genital mycoplasmas in young infants with suspected sepsis.
| 4
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: A case of cutaneous malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma arising in psoriatic plaques of a patient with severe, pustular psoriasis is presented. The possible role of therapy in the development, growth, and spread of cutaneous malignancy in this patient and in other reported treated psoriatic patients is reviewed.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma in a patient treated for severe pustular psoriasis. option2: Canada's health care system (3). Addressing the problem of physician supply.
A:
|
Malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma in a patient treated for severe pustular psoriasis.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: Caroli's disease was complicated by a Budd-Chiari-like syndrome as a result of enlarged lymph nodes that compressed the vena cava. Histologically the picture was compatible with "sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy." We discuss the combination of these two rare disorders.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Budd-Chiari-like syndrome in Caroli's disease. option2: 131I in milk and rain after Chernobyl [letter]
Student:
|
Budd-Chiari-like syndrome in Caroli's disease.
| 6
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: To determine whether there is a prognostic value in the percentage normal sperm morphologic features in a human in vitro fertilization (IVF) program, the authors conducted a prospective study in women with bilateral tubal damage. Based on the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa, the patients were divided into four groups: group I, normal morphologic features between 0% and 14%; group II, 15% to 30%; group III, 31% to 45%; and group IV, 46% to 60%. One hundred ninety successful laparoscopic cycles were evaluated. In group I, 104 oocytes were obtained, of which 37% fertilized, but no pregnancy resulted; in group II, 81% of 324 oocytes were fertilized, with a pregnancy rate per embryo transfer (ET) of 22%; in group III, 82% of 309 oocytes were fertilized, with a 31% pregnancy rate; and in group IV, 91% of 69 oocytes were fertilized, with a pregnancy rate of 12%. Probability models indicated that there was a clear threshold in normal sperm morphologic features at 14%, with high fertilization and pregnancy rate in the groups with normal sperm morphologic features greater than 14%.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Sperm morphologic features as a prognostic factor in in vitro fertilization. option2: Traumatic dislocation of the tibialis posterior tendon at the ankle level.
Output:
|
Sperm morphologic features as a prognostic factor in in vitro fertilization.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: It is not uncommon for thyrotoxicosis to appear in an atypical manner in older patients. The classical symptoms are often absent. The disease is frequently characterized by cardiac, gastrointestinal, neuromuscular, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. As hyperthyroidism is readily amenable to effective treatment that can improve the quality of life, the clinical suspicion of this disease is always indicated and exclusion of this diagnosis should always be pursued. Recognizing the admittedly great difficulty in making, or even suspecting, the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in the elderly, our rule is to test for hyperthyroidism in essentially all geriatric patients presenting chronic systemic symptoms or signs. On the other hand, we do not recommend community-wide screening of persons over 60 for hyperthyroidism. Community-wide screening falls far below the break-even point in cost-benefit analysis. The most sensible detector of hyperthyroidism now widely available is the serum free T3 index (FT3I), but it may be falsely normal because of the effect of systemic illness on extrathyroidal T4-to-T3 conversion. The advent of ultrasensitive methods for TSH may change these statements considerably. It may become the single screening procedure for both hyper- and hypothyroidism.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Hyperthyroidism in the elderly. option2: Research publishing: interleukin disappears from the literature [news]
Solution:
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Hyperthyroidism in the elderly.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: Myocardial and cerebral blood flow can be generated during cardiac arrest by techniques that manipulate intrathoracic pressure. Augmentation of intrathoracic pressure by high-pressure ventilation simultaneous with compression of the chest in dogs has been shown to produce higher flows to the heart and brain, but has limited usefulness because of the requirement for endotracheal intubation and complex devices. A system was developed that can produce high intrathoracic pressure without simultaneous ventilation by use of a pneumatically cycled vest placed around the thorax (vest cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR]). The system was first tested in a short-term study of the maximum achievable flows during arrest. Peak vest pressures up to 380 mm Hg were used on eight 21 to 30 kg dogs after induction of ventricular fibrillation and administration of epinephrine. Microsphere-determined myocardial blood flow was 108 +/- 17 ml/min/100 g (100 +/- 16% of prearrest flow) and cerebral flow was 51 +/- 12 ml/min/100 g (165 +/- 39% of prearrest). Severe lung or liver trauma was noted in three of eight dogs. If peak vest pressure was limited to 280 mm Hg, however, severe trauma was no longer observed. A study of the hemodynamics during and survival from prolonged resuscitation was then performed on three groups of seven dogs. Vest CPR was compared with manual CPR with either conventional (300 newtons) or high (430 newtons) sternal force. After induction of ventricular fibrillation, each technique was performed for 26 min. Defibrillation was then performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Vest inflation without simultaneous ventilation during cardiac arrest in dogs: improved survival from prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation. option2: Pertussigen in vivo enhances antigen-specific production in vitro of lymphokine that stimulates macrophage procoagulant activity and plasminogen activator.
Student:
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Vest inflation without simultaneous ventilation during cardiac arrest in dogs: improved survival from prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: The serum testosterone level (STL) was determined in 84 male and 32 female patients with gastric carcinoma and in 58 male and 20 female patients with benign diseases as a control group. The STL of the male patients with carcinoma was lower (446 +/- 149 ng/dl) than that of the male control group (532 +/- 132 ng/dl) (P less than 0.001). Even 17 male patients of the early carcinoma showed lower STL (440 +/- 117 ng/dl) than the normal group (P less than 0.001). In the female patients, it was also lower (31.6 +/- 16.0 ng/dl) than in the control group (46.3 +/- 15.3 ng/dl) (P less than 0.005). The postoperative STL of the cases surviving the gastrectomy was higher than the preoperative data in 32 male patients (P less than 0.005) as well as in 12 female patients (0.025 greater than P greater than 0.01), whereas it obviously decreased in the patients who died of recurrence. Therefore, it appears that gastric carcinoma decreases the STL by some mechanism.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Serum testosterone level of patients with gastric carcinoma before and after gastrectomy. option2: Wheelchair use by ambulatory nursing home residents.
A:
|
Serum testosterone level of patients with gastric carcinoma before and after gastrectomy.
| 4
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Records of 55 percutaneous renal biopsies performed in 53 children aged 5 days to two years were reviewed. Radiographic or ultrasound imaging techniques were not utilized during the biopsy procedure. Forty-nine of 55 biopsy attempts yielded sufficient tissue for histologic evaluation (89.1%). Transient gross hematuria not requiring intervention was the sole complication and was noted in 6 of 55 biopsy attempts (10.9%). Percutaneous renal biopsy can be performed safely in very young children and the success of the procedure is comparable to that in older children.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Percutaneous renal biopsy in infants and young children. option2: Relative responsiveness of cultured human epidermal melanocytes and melanoma cells to selected mitogens.
Output:
|
Percutaneous renal biopsy in infants and young children.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: During an epidemiological study of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic region of Brazil, new perspectives emerged on a subclinical form of the disease. A group of 86 children with antibody to Leishmania were identified. None of these children had a history of leishmaniasis. The children were segregated into four groups: One group remained asymptomatic (n = 20), whereas another developed classic kala-azar within weeks of the index serology (n = 15). The remaining 51 patients initially had subclinical disease; 13 (25%) of these patients progressed to classic kala-azar (mean, five months). The others (75%) resolved their illness after a prolonged period (mean, 35 months). The initial illness in the subclinical group was characterized by hepatomegaly, frequent splenomegaly, intermittent cough, diarrhea, and low-grade fever. Malaise and poor weight gain were common. Giemsa-stained smears and cultures of bone marrow aspirates were usually negative for Leishmania in the absence of symptoms of classic kala-azar.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: New perspectives on a subclinical form of visceral leishmaniasis. option2: Hemorrhage-induced alterations of rabbit basilar artery reactivity and sensitivity to serotonin.
A:
|
New perspectives on a subclinical form of visceral leishmaniasis.
| 9
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The McDonough strain of feline sarcoma virus (SM-FeSV) transforms fibroblast cell lines in culture and produces fibrosarcomas in domestic cats. SM-FeSV does not induce haematopoietic malignancies in spite of the fact that its viral oncogene, v-fms, codes for a glycoprotein related to the receptor for the mononuclear phagocyte colony stimulating factor, CSF-1. The v-fms-coded polypeptide includes the complete extracellular domain of the c-fms proto-oncogene product and retains the ability to bind CSF-1 specifically. The two molecules have very similar sequences except at their extreme carboxyl terminal ends where 40 amino acids of the c-fms-coded glycoprotein are replaced by 11 unrelated residues in the v-fms product. Autophosphorylation of the c-fms gene product on tyrosine is enhanced by CSF-1 addition, whereas phosphorylation of the v-fms-coded glycoprotein appears to be constitutive. We now show that introduction of the v-fms gene into simian virus-40 (SV40)-immortalized, CSF-1 dependent macrophages renders them independent of CSF-1 for growth and tumourigenic in nude mice. These factor-independent cell lines express unaltered levels of the c-fms product which is down-modulated in response to either CSF-1 or the tumour promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The induction of factor independence by a non-autocrine mechanism suggests that the v-fms product is an unregulated kinase that provides growth stimulatory signals in the absence of ligand.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The v-fms oncogene induces factor independence and tumorigenicity in CSF-1 dependent macrophage cell line. option2: Fentanyl and diazepam for analgesia and sedation during radiologic special procedures.
|
The v-fms oncogene induces factor independence and tumorigenicity in CSF-1 dependent macrophage cell line.
| 0
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Patient perception of uterine activity was assessed objectively in 44 women at risk for preterm labor using a tocodynamometer designed for ambulatory outpatient use. The monitor allowed patient-activated marking of the data whenever contractions were perceived. After instruction in self-detection of uterine activity, tocodynamometry was performed daily for 8.5 weeks per patient. Patients identified an average of 15% of their contractions during the study (range 0-78%). Numerous marks were placed in the absence of any detectable uterine activity. Of multiple obstetric variables analyzed, only multifetal gestation and preterm labor in the current pregnancy had any significant impact on perception. Results suggest that self-detection of uterine activity may not be reliable as the only means for the earliest possible detection of preterm labor.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Maternal perception of prelabor uterine activity. option2: Surgical implications of actinomycosis.
A:
|
Maternal perception of prelabor uterine activity.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: In the investigation of children with leg aches, it is essential to identify any underlying organic disease. Growing pain is a poorly named, nebulous entity that can be diagnosed only by exclusion. The greatest diagnostic error is to make a diagnosis of growing pains while overlooking some serious underlying condition.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Growing pains. option2: The multifidus muscle in patients with lumbar disc herniation. A histochemical and morphometric analysis of intraoperative biopsies.
A:
|
Growing pains.
| 4
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: A 13-year-old female ingested an acute overdose of cyproheptadine hydrochloride (Periactin) and presented for treatment. She manifested all the classic signs and symptoms of an acute antihistamine overdose, including psychosis, except for miotic, minimally reactive pupils. The patient was supportively managed. All sequelae of the ingestion resolved within four days, and the child was released from the hospital. We discuss the unusual presentation of miotic pupils in an acute cyproheptadine overdose.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: An unusual case of cyproheptadine (Periactin) overdose in an adolescent female. option2: Early postoperative function of suppressed parathyroid glands with microscopic hyperplasia.
Output:
|
An unusual case of cyproheptadine (Periactin) overdose in an adolescent female.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Eosinophiluria is considered a useful marker of drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis. However, recognition of eosinophiluria by Wright's staining is technically difficult, and the spectrum of disorders causing eosinophiluria is not completely defined. We have adapted Hansel's stain for the examination of urinary sediment. Whereas there was a variable uptake of Wright's stain by eosinophils in the urine, such eosinophils were readily recognized with Hansel's stain by the presence of bright red granules. The prevalence of eosinophiluria in acute interstitial nephritis was 10 of 11 patients, in acute tubular necrosis none of 30, in acute pyelonephritis none of 10, in acute cystitis 1 of 15, in postinfectious glomerulonephritis 1 of 6, in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis 4 of 10, and in acute prostatitis 6 of 10. Eosinophiluria in acute interstitial nephritis was demonstrated by Hansel's stain in 10 of 11 patients but by Wright's stain in only 2 of 11 patients. We conclude that Hansel's stain substantially improves the recognition of eosinophiluria as compared with Wright's stain. Eosinophiluria is useful in distinguishing acute interstitial nephritis from acute tubular necrosis. The clinical spectrum of eosinophiluria also includes rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, acute prostatitis, and occasionally, acute cystitis or postinfectious glomerulonephritis.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Eosinophiluria--a new method of detection and definition of the clinical spectrum. option2: Impotence: evaluation with cavernosography.
Output:
|
Eosinophiluria--a new method of detection and definition of the clinical spectrum.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: We examined the mechanism underlying the rapid (15-120 min) glucocorticoid-mediated increase in the synthesis of proteins envisioned as mediators of the initial steroid effects in thymic lymphocytes. Analysis of about 1500 in vitro translation products on giant two-dimensional gels revealed rapid hormonal influences on only 7 mRNAs, 6 whose translation products have mol wt and pIs identical to those proteins whose synthesis has been found to be increased after the addition of glucocorticoids to thymus cells. The additional mRNA codes for glucocortin, whose induction in thymus as well as other target cells has been reported. mRNA inductions for proteins 1, 2, and 1N are detectable 15-30 min after the addition of dexamethasone to isolated thymus cells and continue to increase until 2 h, whereas the mRNAs for proteins 4 and 5 are not increased until after 1 h. The mRNA for protein 3 is elevated by 1 h, but attempts to quantitate the change at earlier times have failed because this protein focuses poorly. The parallel between these in vitro translation results and the increased synthesis of individual proteins seen in whole cells demonstrates that increased mRNA levels underlie the cellular changes. Other hormones, such as estradiol, testosterone, and T3, at 10(-6) M and deoxycorticosterone at 10(-8) M do not induce these messages. Partial inductions of 1 and 2, but not 1N, are seen with deoxycorticosterone at 10(-6) M, consistent with its classification as a partial glucocorticoid agonist. Cycloheximide does not block the rise in mRNA for the most rapid inductions, 1, 2, and 1N. The results indicate that dexamethasone rapidly and specifically induces 6 thymus cell mRNAs in addition to the one coding for glucocortin. The cycloheximide results suggest that at least 3 of these represent primary steroid hormone responses.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Glucocorticoid-induced messenger ribonucleic acids in rat thymic lymphocytes: rapid primary effects specific for glucocorticoids. option2: Extensibility of the lumbar and sacral cord. Pathophysiology of the tethered spinal cord in cats.
|
Glucocorticoid-induced messenger ribonucleic acids in rat thymic lymphocytes: rapid primary effects specific for glucocorticoids.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: A retrospective study of patients patch tested between 1968 and 1970 was undertaken and case records of 200 patients with unequivocal positive patch tests were studied for age and sex distribution. There was an overall female preponderance (61%), with 2 peaks of incidence in the 10-20 and 40-50 year age groups in females, but only 1 peak of incidence in the 40-50 year age group in males. There was a steady decline in all sensitivities after the 6th decade of life in both sexes. Nickel sensitivity was more common in females (92%), whereas dichromate sensitivity predominated in males (64%). Of the 200 patients, only 5(2.5%) were atopics, all of whom were females.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Age and sex incidence of allergic contact dermatitis. option2: Reassembling scattered and mixed human bones by trace element ratios.
Student:
|
Age and sex incidence of allergic contact dermatitis.
| 6
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
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