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\begin{center}

{\LARGE {\bf Low-energy structure of six-dimensional open-string vacua}}

\vspace{1cm}
{\large Fabio Riccioni} \\ 
\vspace{0.6cm} 
{\large {\it NIKHEF}}\\
{\large {\it Kruislaan 409}}\\
{\large {\it 1098 SJ \ Amsterdam, \ The Netherlands}}\\
{\large {\it and}}\\
{\large {\it Dipartimento di Fisica, \ Universit{\`a} di Roma \  
``Tor Vergata''}} \\  
{\large {\it I.N.F.N.\ -\ Sezione di Roma \ ``Tor Vergata''}} \\ 
{\large {\it Via della Ricerca  Scientifica, 1}} \\ 
{\large {\it 00133 \ Roma, \ Italy}} 
\end{center}

\vspace*{1cm}
{\small 
\begin{center} {\bf Abstract} \end{center}
\noindent
This dissertation reviews some properties of the low-energy effective 
actions for six dimensional open-string models. 
The first chapter is a pedagogical introduction about supergravity theories.
In the second chapter closed strings are analyzed, with particular 
emphasis on type IIB, whose orientifold projection, 
in order to build type-I models, is the subject of the third chapter. 
Original results are reported in chapters 4 and 5.
In chapter 4 we describe the complete coupling of (1,0) six-dimensional 
supergravity to tensor, vector and hypermultiplets. The generalized 
Green-Schwarz mechanism implies that the resulting theory embodies 
factorized gauge and supersymmetry anomalies, to be disposed of by 
fermion loops. Consequently, the low-energy theory is determined by 
the Wess-Zumino consistency conditions, rather than by the requirement 
of supersymmetry, and this procedure does not fix a quartic coupling 
for the gauginos.
In chapter 5 we describe the low-energy effective actions 
for type-I models with brane supersymmetry breaking, resulting form
the simultaneous presence of supersymmetric bulks, with one or 
more gravitinos, and non-supersymmetric combinations of BPS branes.
The consistency of the resulting gravitino couplings implies that local  
supersymmetry is non-linearly realized on some branes. We analyze in detail 
the ten-dimensional $USp(32)$ model and the six-dimensional (1,0) models. 
}

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\chapter*{Introduction}
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\chapter{Generalities about supergravity theories}
\label{cap1}
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\chapter{Closed strings}
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\chapter{Open strings}
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\chapter{Minimal six-dimensional supergravity}
\label{cap4}
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\chapter{Low-energy actions for brane supersymmetry breaking}
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\chapter*{Conclusions}
\label{concl}
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\chapter{Notations and spinor algebra}
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% BIBLIOGRAPHY

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C.~Angelantonj, I.~Antoniadis, G.~D'Appollonio, E.~Dudas and A.~Sagnotti,
%``Type I vacua with brane supersymmetry breaking,''
Nucl.\ Phys.\ B {\bf 572} (2000) 36
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%%CITATION = HEP-TH 9911081;%%
M.~Bianchi, J.~F.~Morales and G.~Pradisi,
%``Discrete torsion in non-geometric orbifolds and their open-string  descendants,''
Nucl.\ Phys.\ B {\bf 573} (2000) 314
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%%CITATION = HEP-TH 9910228;%%
C.~Angelantonj, R.~Blumenhagen and M.~R.~Gaberdiel,
%``Asymmetric orientifolds, brane supersymmetry breaking and non-BPS  branes,''
Nucl.\ Phys.\ B {\bf 589} (2000) 545
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G.~Pradisi, A.~Sagnotti and Y.~S.~Stanev,
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For reviews see:
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%``BPS states on a three brane probe,''
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A.~Dabholkar,
%``Lectures on orientifolds and duality,''
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% Chapter 4
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E.~Cremmer, B.~Julia, H.~Lu and C.~N.~Pope,
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F.~Riccioni and A.~Sagnotti,
%``Self-dual tensors in six-dimensional supergravity,''
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%%CITATION = HEP-TH 9812042;%%
\bibitem{anom}
See R. Jackiw's lectures in: S.~B.~Treiman, E.~Witten, R.~Jackiw and B.~Zumino,
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L.~Bonora, P.~Pasti and M.~Tonin,
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E.~Guadagnini, K.~Konishi and M.~Mintchev,
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N.~K.~Nielsen,
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H.~Itoyama, V.~P.~Nair and H.~c.~Ren,
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Nucl.\ Phys.\ B {\bf 262} (1985) 317;
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E.~Guadagnini and M.~Mintchev,
%``Chiral Anomalies And Supersymmetry,''
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S.~Ferrara, A.~Masiero, M.~Porrati and R.~Stora,
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W.~A.~Bardeen and B.~Zumino,
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Nucl.\ Phys.\ B {\bf 244} (1984) 421.
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W.~Siegel,
%``Manifest Lorentz Invariance Sometimes Requires Nonlinearity,''
Nucl.\ Phys.\ {\bf B238} (1984) 307;
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B.~McClain, F.~Yu and Y.~S.~Wu,
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C.~Wotzasek,
%``The Wess-Zumino term for chiral bosons,''
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I.~Martin and A.~Restuccia,
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F.~P.~Devecchi and M.~Henneaux,
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N.~Berkovits,
%``Manifest electromagnetic duality in closed superstring field theory,''
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%``Super-Maxwell actions with manifest duality,''
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A.~R.~Kavalov and R.~L.~Mkrtchyan,
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S.~S.~Gubser, I.~R.~Klebanov and A.~M.~Polyakov,
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E.~Witten,
%``Anti-de Sitter space and holography,''
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for reviews, see: 
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D.~Z.~Freedman and P.~Henry-Labordere,
%``Field theory insight from the AdS/CFT correspondence,''
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M.~Cvetic and K.~Behrndt,
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% Chapter 5
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For a review, see E.~Dudas,
%``Theory and phenomenology of type I strings and M-theory,''
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C.~Angelantonj,
%``Non-tachyonic open descendants of the 0B string theory,''
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R.~Blumenhagen, A.~Font and D.~Lust,
%``Tachyon-free orientifolds of type 0B strings in various dimensions,''
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R.~Blumenhagen and A.~Kumar,
%``A note on orientifolds and dualities of type 0B string theory,''
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%%CITATION = HEP-TH 0010124;%%

% Appendix 

\end{thebibliography}

\end{document}


hep-th0203157.extracted_bib
\begin{thebibliography}{123}
\fancyhead[LO,RE]{{\footnotesize{\rm Bibliography}}}
\fancyhead[RO,LE]{\thepage}

\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Bibliography}

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For reviews see:
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E.~Cremmer, B.~Julia, H.~Lu and C.~N.~Pope,
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See R. Jackiw's lectures in: S.~B.~Treiman, E.~Witten, R.~Jackiw and B.~Zumino,
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L.~Bonora, P.~Pasti and M.~Tonin,
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E.~Guadagnini, K.~Konishi and M.~Mintchev,
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N.~K.~Nielsen,
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H.~Itoyama, V.~P.~Nair and H.~c.~Ren,
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E.~Guadagnini and M.~Mintchev,
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S.~Ferrara, A.~Masiero, M.~Porrati and R.~Stora,
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W.~A.~Bardeen and B.~Zumino,
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Nucl.\ Phys.\ B {\bf 244} (1984) 421.
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W.~Siegel,
%``Manifest Lorentz Invariance Sometimes Requires Nonlinearity,''
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B.~McClain, F.~Yu and Y.~S.~Wu,
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C.~Wotzasek,
%``The Wess-Zumino term for chiral bosons,''
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I.~Martin and A.~Restuccia,
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F.~P.~Devecchi and M.~Henneaux,
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N.~Berkovits,
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%``Super-Maxwell actions with manifest duality,''
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A.~R.~Kavalov and R.~L.~Mkrtchyan,
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S.~S.~Gubser, I.~R.~Klebanov and A.~M.~Polyakov,
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E.~Witten,
%``Anti-de Sitter space and holography,''
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for reviews, see: 
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D.~Z.~Freedman and P.~Henry-Labordere,
%``Field theory insight from the AdS/CFT correspondence,''
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M.~Cvetic and K.~Behrndt,
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% Chapter 5
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For a review, see E.~Dudas,
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C.~Angelantonj,
%``Non-tachyonic open descendants of the 0B string theory,''
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R.~Blumenhagen, A.~Font and D.~Lust,
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% Appendix 

\end{thebibliography}