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Domestic and farm-animal exposures and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a population-based study in the San Francisco Bay Area
Objective To assess the association between animal exposures and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods Exposure data were collected from 1,591 cases and 2,515 controls during in-person interviews in a population-based case-control study of NHL in the San Francisco Bay Area. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for potential confounders. Results Pet owners had a reduced risk of NHL (OR=0.71,CI=0.52 –0.97) and diffuse large-cell and immunoblastic large-cell (DLCL;OR=0.58,CI=0.39 –0.87) compared with those who never had owned a pet. Ever having owned dogs and/or cats was associated with reduced risk of all NHL (OR=0.71,CI=0.54–0.94) and of DLCL (OR=0.60,CI=0.42–0.86). Longer duration of cat ownership (p-trend=0.008), dog ownership (p-trend=0.04), and dog and/or cat ownership (p-trend =0.004) was inversely associated with risk of NHL. Ownership of pets other than cats and dogs was associated with a reduced risk of NHL (OR=0.64,CI=0.55–0.74) and DLCL (OR=0.58,CI=0.47 –0.71). Exposure to cattle for ≥5 years was associated with an increased risk of NHL (OR=1.6,CI=1.0–2.5) as was exposure to pigs for all NHL (OR=1.8,CI=1.2–2.6) and for DLCL (OR=2.0,CI=1.2–3.4). Conclusions The association between animal exposure and NHL warrants further investigation in pooled analyses.