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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:From this reference text, what political party does Taylor Swift belong to?### Input:Swift refrained from discussing politics early in her career, fearing it might influence people. Critics took issue with her previously apolitical stance despite her wealth and celebrity. Swift publicly voiced her political opinion for the first time in the 2018 United States elections, when she endorsed Democratic candidates in her home state, Tennessee. In 2019, Swift told The Guardian that when she started her country music career, she was advised against discussing politics by her label executives because of the consequences of the Dixie Chicks controversy, but finally decided to speak up after she became disillusioned with contemporary American politics and moved out of Big Machine.She identifies as a pro-choice feminist, and is one of the founding signatories of the Time's Up movement against sexual harassment. She criticized the US Supreme Court's decision to overturn Roe v. Wade (1973) and end federal abortion rights in 2022. Swift advocates for LGBT rights, and has called for the passing of the Equality Act, which prohibits discrimination based on sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity. The New York Times wrote her 2011 music video for "Mean" had a positive impact on the LGBTQ+ community. Swift performed during WorldPride NYC 2019 at the Stonewall Inn, frequently deemed the birthplace of the modern gay rights movement. She has donated to the LGBT organizations Tennessee Equality Project and GLAAD.### Response:
|
Based on the information provided in the instruction and input, Taylor Swift belongs to the Democratic political party.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this reference text about Jimmy John's, where was the original Jimmy John's located?### Input:After Jimmy John Liautaud graduated second to last in his class at Elgin Academy in 1982, his father gave him a choice to either join the Army or start a business. Although his father wanted him to enlist, the younger Liautaud chose the latter, and his father agreed to loan him $25,000 in exchange for a 48% stake in the business. Initially Jimmy John wanted to open a hot dog stand, but after visiting numerous such stands throughout the summer of 1982, he realized the $25,000 would not be enough for such a venture. After a chance encounter at a sandwich shop, Jimmy John realized that he could open a sandwich shop within his available budget by purchasing premium meats at a neighborhood market and baking his own bread. With the help of his family as tasters, he decided to put four sandwiches on his original menu. Paying $200 a month in rent, Liautaud could only afford used equipment consisting of a refrigerator, a chest freezer, an oven, and a meat slicer.On January 13, 1983, Jimmy John's Gourmet Sandwiches opened in Charleston, Illinois. Due to the poor location of his first store, Liautaud decided to include delivery of his sandwiches to boost sales. He began by bringing samples door-to-door to the dorms of nearby Eastern Illinois University, which he had attended for one semester.### Response:
|
Based on the reference text provided, the original Jimmy John's location was in Charleston, Illinois.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this paragraph about history of China, what is the name of the river that nurtured China's civilization.### Input:The history of the area now known as China has alternated between periods of prosperity, political unity, and peace and periods of war and statehood. The Yellow River nurtured China's civilization. Between eras of multiple kingdoms and warlordism, Chinese dynasties have ruled parts or all of China; in some eras control stretched as far as Xinjiang, Tibet and Inner Mongolia, as at present. The regions were occupied by other people-groups; often, non-settled peoples of the steppe identified as Mongolic, Turkic and Khitan. With thousands of years of continuous history, China is among the world's oldest civilizations and is regarded as one of the cradles of civilization.### Response:
|
The name of the river that nurtured China's civilization is the Yellow River.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Who wrote the TV series Babylon5?### Input:Babylon 5 is an American space opera television series created by writer and producer J. Michael Straczynski, under the Babylonian Productions label, in association with Straczynski's Synthetic Worlds Ltd. and Warner Bros. Domestic Television. After the successful airing of a test pilot movie on February 22, 1993, Babylon 5: The Gathering, Warner Bros. commissioned the series for production in May 1993 as part of its Prime Time Entertainment Network (PTEN). The show premiered in the US on January 26, 1994, and ran for five 22-episode seasons.### Response:
|
The TV series Babylon 5 was written by J. Michael Straczynski.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given a reference text about the Driftwood River, tell me what main river it is part of.### Input:The Driftwood River is a 15.5-mile-long (24.9 km) tributary of the East Fork of the White River in central Indiana in the United States. Via the White, Wabash and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. It is a short river, formed by the confluence of two longer streams a short distance upstream of its mouth.CourseThe Driftwood River is formed in southeastern Johnson County, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Edinburgh, by the confluence of Sugar Creek and the Big Blue River. It flows generally southwardly through northwestern Bartholomew County to Columbus, where it joins the Flatrock River to form the East Fork of the White River.Near Edinburgh, IN, Driftwood River has a mean annual discharge of 1,210 cubic feet per second.[### Response:
|
The main river that the Driftwood River is part of is the White River.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:What type of effect does Coffee have on humans?### Input:"Coffee is a beverage prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It has the highest sales in the world market for hot drinks.Seeds of the Coffee plant's fruits are separated to produce un-roasted green coffee beans. The beans are roasted and then ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. It is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). Sugar, sugar substitutes, milk, and cream are often used to mask the bitter taste or enhance the flavor."### Response:
|
Coffee has a stimulating effect on humans due to its caffeine content. The caffeine in coffee can help increase alertness, energy, and mental performance, making it a popular choice for people looking to boost their productivity or wakefulness. However, it's important to note that too much caffeine can have negative side effects, such as jitters, anxiety, and difficulty sleeping. Moderate coffee consumption, typically defined as 3-4 cups per day, is generally considered safe and can have potential health benefits, such as improving cognitive function and reducing the risk of certain diseases like type 2 diabetes and Parkinson's disease.</s>
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Based on this passage, what is the median number of people per family in Zangisheh?### Input:Zangisheh (Persian: زنگيشه, also Romanized as Zangīsheh) is a village in Qarah Su Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 153, in 34 families.### Response:
|
Based on the information provided in the passage, the median number of people per family in Zangisheh is 34.</s>
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given these paragraphs about the Tesla bot, what kind of tasks is it expected to perform?### Input:Optimus, also known as Tesla Bot, is a conceptual general-purpose robotic humanoid under development by Tesla, Inc. It was announced at the company's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Day event on August 19, 2021. CEO Elon Musk claimed during the event that Tesla would likely build a prototype by 2022. Musk is on record having said that he thinks Optimus "has the potential to be more significant than the vehicle business over time."Tesla Bot is planned to measure 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) tall and weigh 125 lb (57 kg). According to the presentation made during the first AI Day event, a Tesla Bot will be "controlled by the same AI system Tesla is developing for the advanced driver-assistance system used in its cars" and have a carrying capacity of 45 lb (20 kg). Proposed tasks for the product are ones that are "dangerous, repetitive and boring", such as providing manufacturing assistance.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimus_(robot)### Response:
|
Based on the information provided in the instruction and input, it is expected that the Tesla Bot will perform tasks that are dangerous, repetitive, and boring, such as providing manufacturing assistance. This could include tasks such as assembly line work, warehouse management, or other industrial tasks that require a robotic assistant.</s>
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this paragraph about the Southwestern United States, name the largest cities in that area### Input:The Southwestern United States, also known as the American Southwest or simply the Southwest, is a geographic and cultural region of the United States. Its exact boundaries are not officially defined, but attempts to do so generally include Arizona and New Mexico as the core of the region. Adjacent portions of California, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah are also sometimes included. Oklahoma and Texas may also be included, particularly the trans-pecos "horn" portion of the state(i.e. the far western extension of the state of the state south of the New Mexico border, but west and north of the Pecos and Rio Gande Rivers). The largest cities by metropolitan area are Phoenix, Las Vegas, El Paso, Albuquerque, and Tucson. Before 1848, in the historical region of Santa Fe de Nuevo México as well as parts of Alta California and Coahuila y Tejas, settlement was almost non-existent outside of Nuevo México's Pueblos and Spanish or Mexican municipalities. Much of the area had been a part of New Spain and Mexico until the United States acquired the area through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 and the smaller Gadsden Purchase in 1854.### Response:
|
The largest cities in the Southwestern United States by metropolitan area are:1. Phoenix, Arizona2. Las Vegas, Nevada3. El Paso, Texas4. Albuquerque, New Mexico5. Tucson, Arizona</s>
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this paragraph about the first tour de france, who won the first race### Input:The first Tour de France was staged in 1903. The plan was a five-stage race from 31 May to 5 July, starting in Paris and stopping in Lyon, Marseille, Bordeaux, and Nantes before returning to Paris. Toulouse was added later to break the long haul across southern France from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic. Stages would go through the night and finish next afternoon, with rest days before riders set off again. But this proved too daunting and the costs too great for most and only 15 competitors had entered. Desgrange had never been wholly convinced and he came close to dropping the idea. Instead, he cut the length to 19 days, changed the dates to 1 to 19 July, and offered a daily allowance to those who averaged at least 20 kilometres per hour (12 mph) on all the stages, equivalent to what a rider would have expected to earn each day had he worked in a factory. He also cut the entry fee from 20 to 10 francs and set the first prize at 12,000 francs and the prize for each day's winner at 3,000 francs. The winner would thereby win six times what most workers earned in a year. That attracted between 60 and 80 entrants – the higher number may have included serious inquiries and some who dropped out – among them not just professionals but amateurs, some unemployed, and some simply adventurous.Desgrange seems not to have forgotten the Dreyfus Affair that launched his race and raised the passions of his backers. He announced his new race on 1 July 1903 by citing the writer Émile Zola, whose open letter J'Accuse…! led to Dreyfus's acquittal, establishing the florid style he used henceforth.The first Tour de France started almost outside the Café Reveil-Matin at the junction of the Melun and Corbeil roads in the village of Montgeron. It was waved away by the starter, Georges Abran, at 3:16 p.m. on 1 July 1903. L'Auto hadn't featured the race on its front page that morning.[n 3]Among the competitors were the eventual winner, Maurice Garin, his well-built rival Hippolyte Aucouturier, the German favourite Josef Fischer, and a collection of adventurers, including one competing as "Samson".[n 4]Many riders dropped out of the race after completing the initial stages, as the physical effort the tour required was just too much. Only a mere 24 entrants remained at the end of the fourth stage. The race finished on the edge of Paris at Ville d'Avray, outside the Restaurant du Père Auto, before a ceremonial ride into Paris and several laps of the Parc des Princes. Garin dominated the race, winning the first and last two stages, at 25.68 kilometres per hour (15.96 mph). The last rider, Millocheau, finished 64h 47m 22s behind him.L'Auto's mission was accomplished, as circulation of the publication doubled throughout the race, making the race something much larger than Desgrange had ever hoped for.### Response:
|
The winner of the first Tour de France was Maurice Garin.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:What is the origin of man?### Input:Humans (Homo sapiens) are the most common and widespread species of primate in the great ape family Hominidae, and also the most common species of primate overall. Humans are broadly characterized by their bipedalism and high intelligence. Humans' large brain and resulting cognitive skills have allowed them to thrive in a variety of environments and develop complex societies and civilizations. Humans are highly social and tend to live in complex social structures composed of many cooperating and competing groups, from families and kinship networks to political states. As such, social interactions between humans have established a wide variety of values, social norms, languages, and rituals, each of which bolsters human society. The desire to understand and influence phenomena has motivated humanity's development of science, technology, philosophy, mythology, religion, and other conceptual frameworks.Although some scientists equate the term "humans" with all members of the genus Homo, in common usage it generally refers to Homo sapiens, the only extant member. Anatomically modern humans emerged around 300,000 years ago in Africa, evolving from Homo heidelbergensis or a similar species and migrating out of Africa, gradually replacing or interbreeding with local populations of archaic humans. For most of history, humans were nomadic hunter-gatherers. Humans began exhibiting behavioral modernity about 160,000–60,000 years ago. The Neolithic Revolution, which began in Southwest Asia around 13,000 years ago (and separately in a few other places), saw the emergence of agriculture and permanent human settlement. As populations became larger and denser, forms of governance developed within and between communities, and a number of civilizations have risen and fallen. Humans have continued to expand, with a global population of over 8 billion as of 2022.Genes and the environment influence human biological variation in visible characteristics, physiology, disease susceptibility, mental abilities, body size, and life span. Though humans vary in many traits (such as genetic predispositions and physical features), any two humans are at least 99% genetically similar. Humans are sexually dimorphic: generally, males have greater body strength and females have a higher body fat percentage. At puberty, humans develop secondary sexual characteristics. Females are capable of pregnancy, usually between puberty, at around 12 years old, and menopause, around the age of 50.Humans are omnivorous, capable of consuming a wide variety of plant and animal material, and have used fire and other forms of heat to prepare and cook food since the time of Homo erectus. Humans can survive for up to eight weeks without food and three or four days without water. Humans are generally diurnal, sleeping on average seven to nine hours per day. Childbirth is dangerous, with a high risk of complications and death. Often, both the mother and the father provide care for their children, who are helpless at birth.Humans have a large, highly developed, and complex prefrontal cortex, the region of the brain associated with higher cognition. Humans are highly intelligent, capable of episodic memory, have flexible facial expressions, self-awareness, and a theory of mind. The human mind is capable of introspection, private thought, imagination, volition, and forming views on existence. This has allowed great technological advancements and complex tool development to be possible through complex reasoning and the transmission of knowledge to subsequent generations. Language, art, and trade are defining characteristics of humans. Long-distance trade routes might have led to cultural explosions and resource distribution that gave humans an advantage over other similar species.### Response:
|
The origin of man can be traced back to Africa, where anatomically modern humans emerged around 300,000 years ago. Humans evolved from a species known as Homo heidelbergensis or a similar species, and gradually replaced or interbred with local populations of archaic humans. Over time, humans migrated out of Africa and spread to other parts of the world, developing complex societies and civilizations along the way. Humans are characterized by their bipedalism and high intelligence, which has allowed them to adapt to a wide range of environments and develop complex technologies and social structures. While humans share a common ancestor with other primates, the term "humans" generally refers to Homo sapiens, the only extant member of the genus Homo.</s>
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Who is Octavia Butler?### Input:Octavia Estelle Butler (June 22, 1947 – February 24, 2006) was an American science fiction author and a multiple recipient of the Hugo and Nebula awards. In 1995, Butler became the first science-fiction writer to receive a MacArthur Fellowship. Born in Pasadena, California, Butler was raised by her widowed mother. Extremely shy as a child, Butler found an outlet at the library reading fantasy, and in writing. She began writing science fiction as a teenager. She attended community college during the Black Power movement. While participating in a local writer's workshop, she was encouraged to attend the Clarion Workshop, then held in Pennsylvania, which focused on science fiction.### Response:
|
Octavia Butler was a renowned science fiction author known for her thought-provoking and socially conscious works. Born in Pasadena, California, she was raised by her mother after her father's death. Butler's shyness as a child was overcome by her love for reading and writing, which she discovered at the library. She began writing science fiction as a teenager and went on to attend community college during the Black Power movement. Her talent was recognized early on, and she was awarded the MacArthur Fellowship in 1995, becoming the first science-fiction writer to receive this prestigious honor. Throughout her career, Butler's works explored themes of race, power, and identity, often challenging her readers to confront uncomfortable truths about society. Her legacy continues to inspire new generations of writers and thinkers.</s>
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:What are the features offered by Github Copilot?### Input:When provided with a programming problem in natural language, Codex is capable of generating solution code. It is also able to describe input code in English and translate code between programming languages.According to its website, GitHub Copilot includes assistive features for programmers, such as the conversion of code comments to runnable code and autocomplete for chunks of code, repetitive sections of code, and entire methods and/or functions. GitHub reports that Copilot’s autocomplete feature is accurate roughly half of the time; with some Python function header code, for example, Copilot correctly autocompleted the rest of the function body code 43% of the time on the first try and 57% of the time after ten attempts.GitHub states that Copilot’s features allow programmers to navigate unfamiliar coding frameworks and languages by reducing the amount of time users spend reading documentation.### Response:
|
GitHub Copilot offers several features to assist programmers in their work. These include:1. Code completion: Copilot can autocomplete chunks of code, repetitive sections of code, and entire methods and functions.2. Code comments conversion: Copilot can convert code comments into runnable code, making it easier to understand and maintain.3. Navigation of unfamiliar coding frameworks and languages: Copilot can reduce the time spent reading documentation by providing autocomplete suggestions for unfamiliar code.Overall, GitHub Copilot aims to improve productivity and reduce the time spent on coding tasks by providing assistive features that help programmers write and maintain code more efficiently.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Who is the best surfer in the world### Input:Robert Kelly Slater (born February 11, 1972) is an American professional surfer, best known for being crowned World Surf League champion a record 11 times. Slater is widely regarded as the greatest professional surfer of all time, and holds 56 Championship Tour victories. Slater is also the oldest surfer still active on the World Surf League, winning his 8th Billabong Pipeline Masters title at age 49.### Response:
|
Robert Kelly Slater is the best surfer in the world. With 11 World Surf League championships and 56 Championship Tour victories, he holds the record for the most titles won by a surfer. His longevity and continued success in the sport, even at the age of 49, solidify his position as the greatest professional surfer of all time.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given these paragraphs about Natural hydrogen, what is another name for it that distinguishes from other forms of hydrogen?### Input:Natural hydrogen (known as white hydrogen), is naturally occurring molecular hydrogen on or in Earth (as opposed to hydrogen produced in the laboratory or in industry). The name white hydrogen distinguishes it from green hydrogen, which is produced from renewable energy sources, and from grey, brown or black hydrogen, which is obtained from fossil sources or from the electrolysis of water. Natural hydrogen may be renewable, non-polluting and allows for lower cost operation compared to industrial hydrogen. Natural hydrogen has been identified in many source rocks in areas beyond the sedimentary basins where oil companies typically operate.Origin of natural hydrogenThere are several sources of natural hydrogen:- degassing of deep hydrogen from the Earth's crust and mantle;- reaction of water with ultrabasic rocks (serpentinisation);- contact of water with reducing agents in the Earth's mantle;- interaction of water with freshly exposed rock surfaces (weathering);- decomposition of hydroxyl ions in the structure of minerals;- Natural radiolysis of water;- decomposition of organic matter;- biological activity- Extraction- Natural hydrogen is extracted from wells, mixed with other gases such as nitrogen or helium.Several sources have been identified in France. Geologists Alain Prinzhofer and Eric Derville have demonstrated the existence of large reservoirs in a dozen countries, including Mali and the United States. However, their potential remains difficult to assess.Numerous emanations on the ocean floor have been identified but are difficult to exploit. The discovery of a significant emergence in Russia in 2008 suggests the possibility of extracting native hydrogen in geological environments.GeologyNatural hydrogen is generated continuously from a variety of natural sources. There are many known hydrogen emergences on mid-ocean ridges. Another of the known reactions, serpentinisation, occurs under the sea floor (in the oceanic crust).Diagenetic origin (iron oxidation) in the sedimentary basins of cratons, notably in Russia. Other sources are being explored, such as mantle hydrogen, or hydrogen from radiolysis (natural electrolysis) or from bacterial activity. In France, the Alps and Pyrenees are suitable for exploitation. New Caledonia has hyperalkaline sources that show dihydrogen emissions. A large accumulation of natural hydrogen was discovered in Bourakebougou (Mali).CharacteristicsDihydrogen is very soluble in fresh water, especially at depth (solubility increases with pressure).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_hydrogen### Response:
|
Another name for natural hydrogen that distinguishes it from other forms of hydrogen is "biogenic hydrogen." Biogenic hydrogen is hydrogen that is produced through biological processes, such as the decomposition of organic matter or the activity of microorganisms. This term is used to distinguish it from hydrogen that is produced through non-biological means, such as the electrolysis of water or the reaction of hydrogen with reducing agents in the Earth's mantle.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:What position did Manis Lamond play?### Input:Manis Lamond (born 14 September 1966) is a retired soccer player from Papua New Guinea. An international who played as a striker, Lamond played professionally in Australia for Canberra City, Sydney United, A.P.I.A. Leichhardt Tigers, Wollongong City, Marconi Stallions and Newcastle United and in Singapore for Sembawang Rangers.### Response:
|
Manis Lamond played as a striker.</s>
|
[
2517,
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263,
10076,
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2
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Why did the Prix Lupin not take place from 1915 to 1918?### Input:The event was established in 1855, and it was originally called the Prix de l'Empereur. It was initially held at the Champ de Mars, and was transferred to Longchamp in 1857. It was cancelled due to the Franco-Prussian War in 1871, and was renamed the Grande Poule des Produits in 1872.The race was one of several trials for the Prix du Jockey Club collectively known as the Poules des Produits. The others (listed by their modern titles) were the Prix Daru, the Prix Hocquart, the Prix Noailles and the Prix Greffulhe. Unlike those races, the Grande Poule des Produits had no restrictions based on the nationality of a horse's sire or dam.The event was renamed in memory of Auguste Lupin (1807–1895), a successful owner-breeder, in 1896.The Prix Lupin was abandoned throughout World War I, with no running from 1915 to 1918. It was cancelled once during World War II, in 1940. It was run at Le Tremblay over 2,150 metres in 1943, and at Maisons-Laffitte in 1944.The present system of race grading was introduced in 1971, and the Prix Lupin was classed at Group 1 level.The race was last run in 2004. It was discontinued after France Galop restructured its Group 1 programme for three-year-olds in 2005.### Response:
|
The Prix Lupin did not take place from 1915 to 1918 because of World War I.</s>
|
[
1576,
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] |
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:When was the Tesla Model 3 unit one million sold?### Input:The Tesla Model 3 became the world's all-time best-selling electric car in early 2020, and in June 2021 became the first electric car to pass 1 million global sales. Together with other emerging automotive technologies such as autonomous driving, connected vehicles and shared mobility, electric cars form a future mobility vision called Autonomous, Connected, Electric and Shared (ACES) Mobility.### Response:
|
The Tesla Model 3 unit one million was sold in early 2020.</s>
|
[
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29906,
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given a reference text about Patrick James Mara, tell me what he was known for.### Input:Patrick James Mara (1 February 1942 – 15 January 2016) was an Irish public affairs consultant and politician who served as Senator from July 1981 to October 1981 and May 1982 to December 1982. He was most renowned for being the political adviser to former Taoiseach Charles Haughey. He also served as Press Secretary to Fianna Fáil from 1983 to 1987 and Government Press Secretary from 1987 to 1992.He was appointed the Fianna Fáil Director of Elections for the 1997, 2002, and 2007 general elections. He was a member of the board of Digicel, the company founded by Denis O'Brien to build mobile networks in the Caribbean.He was regularly lampooned on the satirical Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) radio sketch show Scrap Saturday, which ran from 1989 to 1991.### Response:
|
Based on the provided information, Patrick James Mara was known for being the political adviser to former Taoiseach Charles Haughey.</s>
|
[
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this paragraph, which highs school did Drake Maye attend?### Input:Drake Maye was born on August 30, 2002, in Charlotte, North Carolina. He attended and played high school football for Myers Park High School in Charlotte, where he was named MaxPreps North Carolina player of the year. He was a four-star prospect and originally committed to Alabama before flipping to North Carolina.### Response:
|
Based on the information provided in the paragraph, Drake Maye attended Myers Park High School in Charlotte, North Carolina.</s>
|
[
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:How old was Pukeiti when he died?### Input:Pukeiti Pukeiti (c. 1948 - 18 October 2012) was a Cook Islands politician and Member of the Cook Islands Parliament. He was a member of the Cook Islands Party. He represented the electorate of Tamarua.Pukeiti was elected to Parliament in the 2009 Tamarua by-election following the death of MP Mii Parima. He was re-elected at the 2010 election.### Response:
|
Pukeiti was born in 1948 and died on October 18, 2012, at the age of 64.</s>
|
[
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] |
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given the following paragraph about politicians, who was the last surviving person to have been a member of the Irish House of Commons?### Input:Sir Thomas Staples, 9th Baronet (31 July 1775 – 14 May 1865) was an Anglo-Irish politician and lawyer. He was the last surviving person to have been a member of the Irish House of Commons, albeit only having been in the House for a short time.### Response:
|
The last surviving person to have been a member of the Irish House of Commons was Sir Thomas Staples, 9th Baronet.</s>
|
[
1576,
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:What is Milky Way?### Input:The Milky Way is the galaxy that includes the Solar System, with the name describing the galaxy's appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye. The term Milky Way is a translation of the Latin via lactea, from the Greek γαλακτικὸς κύκλος (galaktikòs kýklos), meaning "milky circle". From Earth, the Milky Way appears as a band because its disk-shaped structure is viewed from within. Galileo Galilei first resolved the band of light into individual stars with his telescope in 1610. Until the early 1920s, most astronomers thought that the Milky Way contained all the stars in the Universe. Following the 1920 Great Debate between the astronomers Harlow Shapley and Heber Doust Curtis, observations by Edwin Hubble showed that the Milky Way is just one of many galaxies.### Response:
|
The Milky Way is a galaxy that includes the Solar System, characterized by a hazy band of light visible in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye. The term Milky Way is derived from the Latin via lactea and the Greek galaktikòs kýklos, meaning "milky circle." From Earth, the Milky Way appears as a band because its disk-shaped structure is viewed from within. Prior to the 1920s, many astronomers believed that the Milky Way contained all the stars in the universe, but observations by Edwin Hubble showed that it is just one of many galaxies.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:In which city is this high school located?### Input:The Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria Lope de Vega (IES Lope de Vega) is a public high school in Madrid, Spain. It is located in the calle de San Bernardo. It is operated by the regional administration of the Community of Madrid.### Response:
|
The high school is located in Madrid, Spain, specifically in the calle de San Bernardo.</s>
|
[
1576,
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:According to this paragraph, did Frederic Foley hold the patent to the Foley catheter?### Input:Foley first described the use of a self-retaining balloon catheter in 1929, to be used to achieve hemostasis after cystoscopic prostatectomy. He worked on development of this design for use as an indwelling urinary catheter, to provide continuous drainage of the bladder, in the 1930s. His design incorporated an inflatable balloon towards the tip of the tube which could be inflated inside the bladder to retain the catheter without external taping or strapping. He demonstrated this to the American Urologists Society in 1935, and published a paper describing it in 1937. While he was still developing his catheter, a patent was issued to Paul Raiche of the Davol Rubber Company of Providence, Rhode Island in 1936. Four months later, in October 1936, Foley applied for the patent, and was awarded this after appearing before the patent office Board of Appeals. Raiche appealed this decision in court, and it was overturned, returning the patent to Raiche. A further request for a hearing made by Foley was refused, and so the patent stayed with Raiche.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederic_Foley### Response:
|
According to the provided text, Paul Raiche, not Frederic Foley, held the patent to the Foley catheter.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this paragraph about time travel, how practical is it### Input:Time travel is the concept of movement between certain points in time, analogous to movement between different points in space by an object or a person, typically with the use of a hypothetical device known as a time machine. Time travel is a widely recognized concept in philosophy and fiction, particularly science fiction. The idea of a time machine was popularized by H. G. Wells' 1895 novel The Time Machine.### Response:
|
Given the paragraph provided, it is not practical for time travel to be a reality in the near future. While the concept of time travel has been explored in philosophy and fiction, there is currently no scientific evidence to support the idea of a time machine. The paragraph mentions H. G. Wells' novel The Time Machine, which further highlights the fictional nature of time travel. Additionally, the paragraph does not provide any information about the potential practicality of time travel, suggesting that it is unlikely to be a feasible technology in the near future.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Who is Evelyn Quan Wang in the move "Everything Everywhere All at Once"?### Input:Evelyn Quan Wang is a middle-aged Chinese American immigrant who runs a laundromat with her husband, Waymond; two decades earlier, they eloped to the United States and had a daughter, Joy. The laundromat is being audited by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Waymond is trying to serve Evelyn divorce papers in an attempt to get her attention so they can talk things out regarding their marriage, Evelyn's demanding father (referred to as Gong Gong, Cantonese for 'grandfather') is visiting for her Chinese New Year party, and Evelyn is reluctant to accept Joy's lesbian relationship with her non-Chinese girlfriend Becky (only introducing Becky to Gong Gong as Joy's "very good friend").### Response:
|
Evelyn Quan Wang is a complex and multifaceted character in the movie "Everything Everywhere All at Once." She is a Chinese American immigrant who has built a life in the United States with her husband, Waymond, and their daughter, Joy. Despite her tough exterior, Evelyn is revealed to be a deeply emotional and vulnerable person, struggling to navigate the challenges of her marriage and her relationship with her demanding father. Throughout the movie, Evelyn's character evolves as she confronts her past and her identity, ultimately finding a new sense of purpose and belonging.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this paragraph, which was built first Disneyland or Disney World?### Input:Designed to supplement Disneyland in Anaheim, California, which had opened in 1955, the complex was developed by Walt Disney in the 1960s. "The Florida Project", as it was known, was intended to present a distinct vision with its own diverse set of attractions. Walt Disney's original plans also called for the inclusion of an "Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow" (EPCOT), a planned community intended to serve as a testbed for new city-living innovations. Walt Disney died on December 15, 1966, during the initial planning of the complex. After his death, the company wrestled with the idea of whether to bring the Disney World project to fruition; however, Walt's older brother, Roy O. Disney, came out of retirement to make sure Walt's biggest dream was realized. Construction started in 1967, with the company instead building a resort similar to Disneyland, abandoning the experimental concepts for a planned community. The Magic Kingdom was the first theme park to open in the complex, in 1971, followed by Epcot (1982), Disney's Hollywood Studios (1989), and Disney's Animal Kingdom (1998). It was Roy who insisted the name of the entire complex be changed from Disney World to Walt Disney World, ensuring that people would remember that the project was Walt's dream.### Response:
|
Based on the information provided in the input, Disney World was built after Disneyland.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:What is I Liq Chuan?### Input:Sam F.S. Chin (Chin Fan Siong, 曾帆祥, born August 1, 1954) is the Grandmaster and Gatekeeper of the martial art called I Liq Chuan, and also known as "the Martial Art of Awareness". Chin developed the grading system for this system.Chin was trained since childhood by his father, Chin Lik Keong, founder of I Liq Chuan, and in 1978, he won the state heavy weight kickboxing championships of Selangor (Malaysia). In August 2009 Chin was officially named the Gate Keeper and Lineage Holder of the I Liq Chuan. He is also the founder and President of Chin Family I Liq Chuan Association that supports the martial art's growth.Chin has taught workshops worldwide , written two books on his family's martial art, co-authored articles, and produced a series of DVDs. Chin was interviewed by Jess O'Brien for his 2007 book "Nei Jia Quan: Internal Martial Arts".In August 2009, Chin was also recognized by the USA Wushu Kung-Fu Federation as a Hall of Fame Outstanding Master. In 2014, he was written about by Ashe Higgs in Kung Fu Tai Chi Magazine "Finding the Center: I Liq Chuan’s Three Essential Qualities for Offense and Defense as One". Chin was also the subject of the 2016 CCTV Documentary "Kung Fu Abroad: I Liq Chuan 中央电视台《功夫在外》纪录片".On November 15, 2017 Sam Chin became an honorary professor at the University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria in recognition of his lifetime of achievement in spreading I Liq Chuan.### Response:
|
I Liq Chuan is a martial art developed by Chin Lik Keong, Sam F.S. Chin's father, and is also known as "the Martial Art of Awareness". Chin has been trained in this martial art since childhood and has dedicated his life to spreading its teachings worldwide. He is the Grandmaster and Gatekeeper of I Liq Chuan and has developed a grading system for this system. Chin has taught workshops, written books, co-authored articles, and produced DVDs on I Liq Chuan. He has also been recognized with several awards for his contributions to the martial art and has been featured in various documentaries.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given a reference text about Kostas Georgakis, when did he go to Italy and what did he do there?### Input:Kostas Georgakis (Greek: Κώστας Γεωργάκης) (23 August 1948 – 19 September 1970) was a Greek student of geology, who in the early hours of 19 September 1970, set himself ablaze in Matteotti square in Genoa in a fatal protest against the dictatorial regime of Georgios Papadopoulos.Early lifeGeorgakis grew up in Corfu in a family of five. His father was a self-employed tailor of modest means. Both his father and grandfather distinguished themselves in the major wars that Greece fought in the 20th century. He attended the second lyceum in Corfu where he excelled in his studies. In August 1967, a few months after the 21 April coup in Greece, Georgakis went to Italy to study as a geologist in Genoa. He received 5,000 drachmas per month from his father and this, according to friends' testimony, made him feel guilty for the financial burden his family endured so that he could attend a university. In Italy he met Rosanna, an Italian girl of the same age and they got engaged. In 1968 Georgakis became a member of the Center Union party of Georgios Papandreou.### Response:
|
Kostas Georgakis went to Italy in August 1967 to study geology in Genoa.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:What is a Roth 401(k)?### Input:In the United States, a 401(k) plan is an employer-sponsored, defined-contribution, personal pension (savings) account, as defined in subsection 401(k) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. Periodical employee contributions come directly out of their paychecks, and may be matched by the employer. This legal option is what makes 401(k) plans attractive to employees, and many employers offer this option to their (full-time) workers.There are two types: traditional and Roth 401(k). For Roth accounts, contributions and withdrawals have no impact on income tax. For traditional accounts, contributions may be deducted from taxable income and withdrawals are added to taxable income. There are limits to contributions, rules governing withdrawals and possible penalties.The benefit of the Roth account is from tax-free capital gains. The net benefit of the traditional account is the sum of (1) a possible bonus (or penalty) from withdrawals at tax rates lower (or higher) than at contribution, and (2) the impact on qualification for other income-tested programs from contributions and withdrawals reducing and adding to taxable income, minus the consequences of capital gains being taxed at regular income rates.### Response:
|
A Roth 401(k) is a type of 401(k) plan that offers tax-free growth and withdrawals in retirement. Unlike traditional 401(k) plans, contributions to a Roth 401(k) are made with after-tax dollars, which means they are not deducted from taxable income. Additionally, withdrawals from a Roth 401(k) are tax-free, which can provide a significant tax advantage in retirement. While traditional 401(k) plans offer the possibility of lower taxes on withdrawals, the Roth 401(k) offers tax-free growth and withdrawals, which can be particularly beneficial for individuals in higher tax brackets.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given a reference text about Ihor Lapin, tell me what he did before the war.### Input:Ihor Lapin (born 28 May 1969 in Ivanychi) is a Ukrainian lawyer and politician who is a former (2014-2019) Member of the Parliament of Ukraine.During the War in Donbass (eastern Ukraine) he was commander of the 2nd assault squadron "West" of the 24th Battalion of Territorial Defense "Aidar" of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, formed mainly from volunteers from Volyn Region.In the Russian-Ukrainian war, he was the commander of the Special Forces Battalion of the First Separate Special Forces Brigade, named after Ivan Bohun.Before the war, he worked as a lawyer, and was a member of the Bar Qualification-Disciplinary Commission of Volyn Region.### Response:
|
Before the war, Ihor Lapin worked as a lawyer.</s>
|
[
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306,
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this paragraph about magnesium, what is the atomic number of magnesium?### Input:Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray metal having a low density, low melting point and high chemical reactivity. Like the other alkaline earth metals (group 2 of the periodic table) it occurs naturally only in combination with other elements and it almost always has an oxidation state of +2. It reacts readily with air to form a thin passivation coating of magnesium oxide that inhibits further corrosion of the metal. The free metal burns with a brilliant-white light. The metal is obtained mainly by electrolysis of magnesium salts obtained from brine. It is less dense than aluminium and is used primarily as a component in strong and lightweight alloys that contain aluminium.### Response:
|
The atomic number of magnesium is 12.</s>
|
[
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Does Grigorievna Nazarenko live in Moscow?### Input:Professor Tatyana Grigorievna Nazarenko is one of the leading Russian contemporary painters who has set new directions in Russian Art and Painting starting from the 1970s. She was born in Moscow where she still lives and works.### Response:
|
Yes, Professor Tatyana Grigorievna Nazarenko does live in Moscow.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given a reference text about the Falcons, how many Super Bowls have they won in their history?### Input:The Atlanta Falcons are a professional American football team based in Atlanta. The Falcons compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) South division. The Falcons were founded on June 30, 1965, and joined the NFL in 1966 as an expansion team, after the NFL offered then-owner Rankin Smith a franchise to keep him from joining the rival American Football League (AFL).In their 55 years of existence, the Falcons have compiled a record of 379–487–6 (369–473–6 in the regular season and 10–14 in the playoffs), winning division championships in 1980, 1998, 2004, 2010, 2012, and 2016. The Falcons have appeared in two Super Bowls, the first during the 1998 season in Super Bowl XXXIII, where they lost to the Denver Broncos 34–19, and the second 18 years later, a 34–28 overtime loss to the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LI.The Falcons' current home field is Mercedes-Benz Stadium, which opened for the 2017 season; the team's headquarters and practice facilities are located at a 50-acre (20 ha) site in Flowery Branch, northeast of Atlanta in Hall County.### Response:
|
The Atlanta Falcons have won two Super Bowls in their history, losing Super Bowl XXXIII to the Denver Broncos in 1998 and losing Super Bowl LI to the New England Patriots in 2016.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:What is Sensory processing disorder?### Input:Sensory processing disorder (SPD, formerly known as sensory integration dysfunction) is a condition in which multisensory input is not adequately processed in order to provide appropriate responses to the demands of the environment. Sensory processing disorder is present in many people with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Individuals with SPD may inadequately process visual, auditory, olfactory (smell), gustatory (taste), tactile (touch), vestibular (balance), proprioception (body awareness), and interoception (internal body senses) sensory stimuli.Sensory integration was defined by occupational therapist Anna Jean Ayres in 1972 as "the neurological process that organizes sensation from one's own body and from the environment and makes it possible to use the body effectively within the environment".Sensory processing disorder has been characterized as the source of significant problems in organizing sensation coming from the body and the environment and is manifested by difficulties in the performance in one or more of the main areas of life: productivity, leisure and play or activities of daily living.Sources debate whether SPD is an independent disorder or represents the observed symptoms of various other, more well-established, disorders.SPD is not included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Association, and the American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended in 2012 that pediatricians not use SPD as a stand-alone diagnosis.### Response:
|
Sensory processing disorder (SPD) is a condition where the brain has difficulty processing sensory information from the environment and the body. It is often seen in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, but it can also affect individuals without these diagnoses. SPD can affect the way a person processes visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, vestibular, proprioceptive, and interoceptive sensory stimuli, making it difficult for them to interact with their environment and perform daily tasks. While the disorder is not included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that pediatricians not use SPD as a standalone diagnosis.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given a reference text about the Battle of Baghaur, tell me who was in the battle and who won.### Input:The Battle of Baghaur was fought between the Sikh forces led by Guru Gobind Singh and the Baghaur forces led by Shiv Partap at Rajasthan.BackgroundDaya Singh and Dharam Singh were sent to the embassy of Aurangzeb to send a letter written by Guru Gobind Singh called the Zafarnama. Aurangzeb was moved by the letter and invited the Guru. At Baghaur in Rajasthan, Daya Singh and Dharam Singh met the guru. There he also heard the news that Aurangzeb had died in his camp at Ahmadnagar. The residents were, for some unknown reason, scared from the Guru and planned to attack him. They were mainly terrified of the Guru's caravan which is what made the Guru store it somewhere for a few days. A few days had passed and the Sikhs went on to check the caravan camels. They had gone missing. They had consumed orchard trees, which made a gardener confiscate them. He further beat up the camel driver and took him hostage.BattleAfter the camel incident, 15 Sikhs went in and attempted to negotiate the release of the camels and the driver. The gardener refused and the Sikhs fought. This led to state soldiers launching a counterattack and a battle ensued which lasted 2 days long. Many casualties occurred during this period of time. The Sikhs had successfully plundered the city but the fort still remained. As the fight entered the third day, Dharam Singh with the Sikhs made a dash and kept fighting and killing everyone. Peace was proclaimed but on the day the Raja arrived, the hostilities continued. Dharam Singh killed the rajas command-in-chief while the guru finished the raja himself. The Raja's force made a complete surrender which resulted in a Sikh victory.### Response:
|
The Battle of Baghaur was fought between the Sikh forces led by Guru Gobind Singh and the Baghaur forces led by Shiv Partap. The Sikhs won the battle.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given a reference text about Janne Mortil, tell me what she is most known for.### Input:Janne Mortil (born December 14, 1967) is a Vancouver-based Canadian-American actress probably best known for playing Madeleine Astor in Titanic (1996) and Michelle Dupont in the television series Side Effects, for which she was nominated for a Gemini, and Detective Tricia Kelsey in Street Justice (1991–1993).CareerJanne Mortil began her career with a 1973 appearance in The Beachcombers at the age of five. She was a regular in the 1970s soap opera House of Pride. She performed on stage in the 1979 Vancouver Playhouse Theatre Company's production of The Innocents and appeared in 1980 in Huckleberry Finn and His Friends television series.Her movie roles include Sally Moffat in Little Women (1994). In 1996, she played Madeleine Astor in the television movie Titanic, opposite Catherine Zeta-Jones. In 2003, she played Sergeant Kibble in Hitcher 2.Her television credits include 21 Jump Street, The X-Files, Poltergeist: The Legacy and Cold Squad. In 1992 she provided narration for the CBC documentary mini-series The Valour and the Horror. She played also Detective Tricia Kelsey on Street Justice (1991-1992) and Michelle Dupont, the clinic's receptionist in Side Effects (1994-1996). For the latter role, she was nominated for a 1996 Gemini Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Dramatic Series.### Response:
|
Based on the information provided in the input, Janne Mortil is most known for her role as Madeleine Astor in the 1996 television movie Titanic, and for her recurring role as Detective Tricia Kelsey in the television series Street Justice.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Can Penguins fly?### Input:Penguins (order Sphenisciformes /sfɪˈnɪsəfɔːrmiːz/, family Spheniscidae /sfɪˈnɪsɪdiː, -daɪ/) are a group of aquatic flightless birds. They live almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere: only one species, the Galápagos penguin, is found north of the Equator. Highly adapted for life in the water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage and flippers for swimming. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid and other forms of sea life which they catch with their bills and swallow whole while swimming. A penguin has a spiny tongue and powerful jaws to grip slippery prey.### Response:
|
Penguins cannot fly because they are flightless birds. Their wings have evolved to be more suited for swimming than flying, with flippers instead of wings and a streamlined body that helps them move through the water with ease. While some penguins are able to use their flippers to propel themselves out of the water and onto land, they are not able to generate lift and sustain flight like other birds.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:In which European country is this school located?### Input:The Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria Lope de Vega (IES Lope de Vega) is a public high school in Madrid, Spain. It is located in the calle de San Bernardo. It is operated by the regional administration of the Community of Madrid.### Response:
|
The school is located in Spain, specifically in the city of Madrid.</s>
|
[
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this paragraph about the Grammy Awards, who has the most Grammys of all time?### Input:The record for the most Grammy Awards won in a lifetime is held by Beyoncé, an American singer, songwriter, and dancer, who has won 32. It was previously held by Georg Solti, a Hungarian-British conductor, who won 31.### Response:
|
According to the paragraph, Beyoncé has the most Grammys of all time with 32.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given a reference text about a George Orwell, tell me when and where they were born, what books they wrote, and what their most famous accomplishment were.### Input:Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist, and critic. His work is characterized by lucid prose, social criticism, opposition to totalitarianism, and support of democratic socialism.Orwell produced literary criticism, poetry, fiction and polemical journalism. He is known for the allegorical novella Animal Farm (1945) and the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949). His non-fiction works, including The Road to Wigan Pier (1937), documenting his experience of working-class life in the industrial north of England, and Homage to Catalonia (1938), an account of his experiences soldiering for the Republican faction of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), are as critically respected as his essays on politics, literature, language and culture.Blair was born in India, and raised and educated in England. After school he became an Imperial policeman in Burma, before returning to Suffolk, England, where he began his writing career as George Orwell—a name inspired by a favourite location, the River Orwell. He lived from occasional pieces of journalism, and also worked as a teacher or bookseller whilst living in London. From the late 1920s to the early 1930s, his success as a writer grew and his first books were published. He was wounded fighting in the Spanish Civil War, leading to his first period of ill health on return to England. During the Second World War he worked as a journalist and for the BBC. The publication of Animal Farm led to fame during his lifetime. During the final years of his life he worked on Nineteen Eighty-Four, and moved between Jura in Scotland and London. It was published in June 1949, less than a year before his death.Orwell's work remains influential in popular culture and in political culture, and the adjective "Orwellian"—describing totalitarian and authoritarian social practices—is part of the English language, like many of his neologisms, such as "Big Brother", "Thought Police", "Room 101", "Newspeak", "memory hole", "doublethink", and "thoughtcrime". In 2008, The Times ranked George Orwell second among "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".### Response:
|
George Orwell was born on June 25, 1903, in Motihari, Bihar, India, and later moved to England for his education. He wrote several notable books, including Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), which are considered classics of political literature. His most famous accomplishment was his work in the Spanish Civil War, where he fought for the Republican faction and was wounded. Orwell's work is known for its lucid prose, social criticism, opposition to totalitarianism, and support of democratic socialism. His work remains influential in popular culture and political culture, and the adjective "Orwellian" has become part of the English language to describe totalitarian and authoritarian social practices.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:What is the meaning of "tidal coupling"?### Input:Nomadism is a way of life in which people don't have a permanent place to live. Instead, they move around a certain area in search of food and grazing land.### Response:
|
Tidal coupling refers to the synchronization of the movements of two or more celestial bodies in response to the gravitational forces acting between them. In the context of nomadism, tidal coupling could refer to the way in which the movements of nomadic people are influenced by the gravitational forces of their environment, such as the movement of herds of animals or the shifting of weather patterns.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:What are artificial neural networks?### Input:Artificial neural networks (ANNs), usually simply called neural networks (NNs) or neural nets, are computing systems inspired by the biological neural networks that constitute animal brains. An ANN is based on a collection of connected units or nodes called artificial neurons, which loosely model the neurons in a biological brain. Each connection, like the synapses in a biological brain, can transmit a signal to other neurons. An artificial neuron receives signals then processes them and can signal neurons connected to it. The "signal" at a connection is a real number, and the output of each neuron is computed by some non-linear function of the sum of its inputs. The connections are called edges. Neurons and edges typically have a weight that adjusts as learning proceeds. The weight increases or decreases the strength of the signal at a connection. Neurons may have a threshold such that a signal is sent only if the aggregate signal crosses that threshold.utomatically generate identifying characteristics from the examples that they process.Typically, neurons are aggregated into layers. Different layers may perform different transformations on their inputs. Signals travel from the first layer (the input layer), to the last layer (the output layer), possibly after traversing the layers multiple times.### Response:
|
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are computing systems inspired by the biological neural networks that constitute animal brains. They are composed of interconnected nodes or neurons that receive and process signals, similar to the way neurons in a biological brain work. Each connection, or synapse, can transmit a signal to other neurons, and the strength of the signal can be adjusted through a process called learning. The output of each neuron is determined by a non-linear function of the sum of its inputs, and neurons may have a threshold that determines whether a signal is sent. ANNs can be used for a variety of tasks, including image and speech recognition, natural language processing, and decision-making. They are often organized into layers, with each layer performing a different transformation on the input signals.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Who wrote Ready Player One?### Input:Ready Player One is a 2011 science fiction novel, and the debut novel of American author Ernest Cline. The story, set in a dystopia in 2045, follows protagonist Wade Watts on his search for an Easter egg in a worldwide virtual reality game, the discovery of which would lead him to inherit the game creator's fortune. Cline sold the rights to publish the novel in June 2010, in a bidding war to the Crown Publishing Group (a division of Random House). The book was published on August 16, 2011. An audiobook was released the same day; it was narrated by Wil Wheaton, who was mentioned briefly in one of the chapters.Ch. 20 In 2012, the book received an Alex Award from the Young Adult Library Services Association division of the American Library Association and won the 2011 Prometheus Award.### Response:
|
The author of Ready Player One is Ernest Cline.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this paragraph about ferrets, do they spend the majority of the time sleeping in a 24 hour day?### Input:Ferrets spend 14–18 hours a day asleep and are most active around the hours of dawn and dusk, meaning they are crepuscular. If they are caged, they should be taken out daily to exercise and satisfy their curiosity; they need at least an hour and a place to play. Unlike their polecat ancestors, which are solitary animals, most ferrets will live happily in social groups. They are territorial, like to burrow, and prefer to sleep in an enclosed area.### Response:
|
Based on the information provided in the paragraph, ferrets do spend the majority of their time sleeping in a 24 hour day. According to the passage, ferrets spend 14-18 hours a day asleep, which is the majority of their day.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given the referenced text, what Roman Emperor gave Roman Citizenship to all free men?### Input:The third century AD showed some remarkable development for the empire as well as a potential decline and collapse. Emperor Caracalla's edict in 212 AD known as the Antoninian constitution delivered Roman citizenship to every free man in the empire, starting the decline of the importance of the city of Rome and indeed of Roman Italy for the Roman Empire. By the mid-third century AD, Pax Romana had come to an end, and several crises hit the empire simultaneously in a period known to history as the Crisis of the third century. This period saw the empire exposed to rampant inflation, natural disasters, secession and civil wars taking places over several decades. The secessions ended with emperor Aurelian’s conquest of the secessionist Palmyrene Empire and Gallic Empire in 273 and 274 AD, as Aurelian unified a splintered empire which, according to many historians, should have been doomed. However, Aurelian was assassinated in 276 AD, sparking additional civil wars. The crisis came to an end only through the ascension of emperor Diocletian to the throne. The West suffered more heavily from these decades of crisis due to this distinction between the established and more prosperous Hellenised East and the younger colonized and Romanized West that had persisted. This cultural division of the Roman Empire into an eastern Greek and western Latin part became increasingly important in later centuries, leading to a gradual estrangement of the two Roman worlds.Emperor Diocletian created the administrative system known as the Dominate to guarantee security in all endangered regions of his empire. The dominate was in comparison with the principate, a huge imperial bureaucracy, which laid the foundations for the power structure of the later Eastern Roman Empire. With this came a redistricting and reduction of Roman provinces. Diocletian scrapped any pretense of republican rule as the emperor moved away from formally being merely "Princeps" to being "Dominus" - Lord and master. Diocletian also formally finished the process of restructuring the empire, from being a colonial-styled empire ruled by Rome and Roman Italians in the first century AD to a larger imperial entity where the emperor's court was not bound to the city of Rome or Italy, now only one Roman imperial province among many. The norm of emperors being Roman Italians was first broken by emperor Trajan who came from Hispania. By the time of the Severan dynasty, most emperors were originating from outside of Italy. When Diocletian introduced his reforms, this had the effect of the Roman Senate formally lost its already declining imperial influence and became a de facto regional body of decision-making.An early instance of the partition of the empire into East and West occurred in 286, when Emperor Diocletian appointed Maximian as augustus of the West. In 293 AD, the empire went through a devolution under Diocletian known as the Tetrarchy. The empire was split into four, with the two most prominent parts of the empire each ruled by one emperor (Augustus). Each co-emperor then appointed a young colleague as caesar to be a subordinate emperor with control over his own territory. The Caesar shared power with and would eventually succeed the senior partner. Each tetrarch was in charge of a part of the empire, with the divisions based on geographic regions. This devolution outlines the coming split 100 years later when the empire was permanently divided into an eastern and western empire. The tetrarchy however only lasted 20 years, as emperors quickly began fighting each other for power. The whole empire was eventually reunited by Constantine the Great in 324 after he ended the last of these civil wars.### Response:
|
The Roman Emperor who gave Roman citizenship to all free men was Emperor Caracalla.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Who was Beethoven?### Input:Ludwig van Beethoven[n 1] (baptised 17 December 1770 – 26 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank among the most performed of the classical music repertoire and span the transition from the Classical period to the Romantic era in classical music. His career has conventionally been divided into early, middle, and late periods. His early period, during which he forged his craft, is typically considered to have lasted until 1802. From 1802 to around 1812, his middle period showed an individual development from the styles of Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and is sometimes characterized as heroic. During this time, he began to grow increasingly deaf. In his late period, from 1812 to 1827, he extended his innovations in musical form and expression.### Response:
|
Ludwig van Beethoven was a renowned German composer and pianist, widely regarded as one of the most significant figures in the history of classical music. Born in Bonn, Germany in 1770, Beethoven's career spanned several decades and saw him develop a unique style that blended the classical and romantic periods. His early works were characterized by their technical complexity and innovation, while his middle period showcased a more dramatic and expressive style. As he struggled with increasing deafness, Beethoven's late period saw him experiment with new musical forms and techniques, resulting in some of his most celebrated works. Throughout his life, Beethoven's music was celebrated for its emotional depth and technical brilliance, and he remains one of the most beloved and influential composers of all time.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:What new economies developed because of the anti-slave treaties?### Input:In West Africa, the decline of the Atlantic slave trade in the 1820s caused dramatic economic shifts in local polities. The gradual decline of slave-trading, prompted by a lack of demand for slaves in the New World, increasing anti-slavery legislation in Europe and America, and the British Royal Navy's increasing presence off the West African coast, obliged African states to adopt new economies. Between 1808 and 1860, the British West Africa Squadron seized approximately 1,600 slave ships and freed 150,000 Africans who were aboard.Action was also taken against African leaders who refused to agree to British treaties to outlaw the trade, for example against "the usurping King of Lagos", deposed in 1851. Anti-slavery treaties were signed with over 50 African rulers. The largest powers of West Africa (the Asante Confederacy, the Kingdom of Dahomey, and the Oyo Empire) adopted different ways of adapting to the shift. Asante and Dahomey concentrated on the development of "legitimate commerce" in the form of palm oil, cocoa, timber and gold, forming the bedrock of West Africa's modern export trade. The Oyo Empire, unable to adapt, collapsed into civil wars.### Response:
|
The new economies developed in West Africa as a result of the anti-slavery treaties were focused on the development of legitimate commerce, such as palm oil, cocoa, timber, and gold. These commodities became the bedrock of West Africa's modern export trade.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given a reference text about Alberto Michán Halbinger, in what olympics did he compete?### Input:Alberto Michán Halbinger (born 2 December 1978) is an Israeli-Mexican Olympic horse rider. Born in Mexico, he competes for Israel. He qualified to represent Israel at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.BiographyMichan was born in Mexico; his family comes from Israel.He was a finalist at the FEI World Cup Jumping in 2006 and 2007.He competed in the 2006 and 2014 World Equestrian Games.He competed for Mexico at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, both in individual jumping (coming in 29th) and in team jumping (coming in 8th).He earned a bronze medal in Team Jumping at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico.At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he tied with Scott Brash and Nick Skelton, both of the team-gold medal-winning United Kingdom, for 5th in individual jumping. He was part of the Mexican team for team jumping, which finished in fifth place.He qualified to represent Israel at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.### Response:
|
Alberto Michán Halbinger competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China for Mexico in both individual jumping and team jumping events.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given a reference text about Michał Rozenfeld, tell me what he did before the war and where he's buried.### Input:Michał Rozenfeld (born 1916, died September 2, 1943, in Krawcowizna) – a Jewish resistance activist during the Second World War, participant of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising, partisan of the Mordechai Anielewicz Unit of the People's Guard.Before the outbreak of the war, he studied psychology with, among others, Tadeusz Kotarbiński. After the outbreak of World War II, Rozenfeld was sent to the Warsaw Ghetto, where he worked as a teacher. He belonged to the Polish Workers' Party and was a member of the Main Command of the Jewish Combat Organization. He stayed in a bunker with Mordechai Anielewicz at 18 Miła Street. On May 18, 1943, together with a group of Jewish fighters, he got through the sewers to Prosta Street.After the fall of the uprising, Rozenfeld took refuge in forests near Wyszków, where he fought in a unit of the People's Guard. Together with his companions he was handed over to the Germans by a forest ranger from Krawcowizna. Twelve partisans, including Michał Rozenfeld, were killed at that time.In 1945 he was posthumously awarded the Silver Cross of the Order of Virtuti Militari.Rozenfeld is buried in a mass grave of the People's Guard partisans in the Jewish cemetery on Okopowa Street in Warsaw (quarter 31, row 3).### Response:
|
Based on the provided information, Michał Rozenfeld studied psychology with Tadeusz Kotarbiński before the war. After the outbreak of World War II, he was sent to the Warsaw Ghetto where he worked as a teacher and was a member of the Main Command of the Jewish Combat Organization. During the Warsaw Ghetto uprising, he stayed in a bunker with Mordechai Anielewicz at 18 Miła Street. After the fall of the uprising, he took refuge in forests near Wyszków and fought in a unit of the People's Guard. Unfortunately, he was handed over to the Germans by a forest ranger from Krawcowizna and killed, along with 11 other partisans, in 1943. In 1945, he was posthumously awarded the Silver Cross of the Order of Virtuti Militari. Michał Rozenfeld is buried in a mass grave of the People's Guard partisans in the Jewish cemetery on Okopowa Street in Warsaw (quarter 3, row 3).</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given a reference text about a red letter day, provide an explanation of what it means.### Input:A red letter day (sometimes hyphenated as red-letter day) is any day of special significance or opportunity. Its roots are in classical antiquity; for instance, important days are indicated in red in a calendar dating from the Roman Republic (509–27 BC).In medieval manuscripts, initial capitals and highlighted words (known as rubrics) were written in red ink. The practice was continued after the invention of the printing press, including in Catholic liturgical books. Many calendars still indicate special dates, festivals and holidays in red instead of black.In the universities of the UK, scarlet days are when doctors may wear their scarlet 'festal' or full dress gowns instead of their undress ('black') gown.In Norway, Sweden, Hong Kong, South Korea, Indonesia and some Latin American countries, a public holiday is sometimes referred to as "red day" (rød dag, röd dag, 빨간 날, 紅日, tanggal merah), as it is printed in red in calendars### Response:
|
A red letter day refers to any day of significant importance or opportunity. This term has its roots in classical antiquity, where important dates were indicated in red ink on calendars. The practice of highlighting special days in red has continued through the ages, including in medieval manuscripts, Catholic liturgical books, and modern calendars. In some countries, such as Norway, Sweden, Hong Kong, South Korea, Indonesia, and Latin American countries, public holidays are sometimes referred to as "red days."</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Does Davos have a good hockey team### Input:Hockey Club Davos is a professional Swiss ice hockey club based in Davos, Switzerland. Davos plays in the National League (NL). It is generally referred to by its abbreviation "HCD" by the fans. The team is usually a strong force in the league and often bolster their roster with Swiss national team players and players who once played for National Hockey League teams. HC Davos also has hosted the annual Spengler Cup tournament, an invitational competition, since 1923.The team had the lowest attendance of the National League for the 2016–17 season, averaging 4,792 spectators over their 25 regular season home games.HistoryHC Davos was founded in 1921. In 1923, Davos presented the first Spengler Cup, one of the oldest tournaments in sports still being played.HC Davos was led by a forward line known as "The ni-storm" (German: Der ni-sturm) from 1933 to 1950, which included Bibi Torriani, along with brothers Hans Cattini and Ferdinand Cattini. The line was named for the last syllable (-ni) of players' surnames. The ni-storm was regarded as the top line of HC Davos and the Switzerland men's national ice hockey team from 1933 to 1950. During this time, the club won 18 Swiss championships, and six Spengler Cups.The team was relegated into 1. Liga in 1990, one of the lowest points in its history. After a new beginning, the club moved into the Swiss League, and two years later returned to the NL. Davos has been among the best teams in the league since, with recent league championships in 2002, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2015.[citation needed]### Response:
|
Yes, Davos has a good hockey team. They have a rich history of success, including 18 Swiss championships and six Spengler Cups. While they have experienced some down years, such as being relegated to 1. Liga in 1990, they have generally been a strong force in the league and have consistently fielded talented rosters. In recent years, they have been among the best teams in the National League, winning league championships in 2002, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2015.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Who is known as The Invincibles in English football?### Input:In football, "The Invincibles" is a nickname used to refer to the Preston North End team of the 1888–89 season, managed by William Sudell, and the Arsenal team of the 2003–04 season managed by Arsène Wenger. Preston North End earned the nickname after completing an entire season undefeated in league and cup competition (27 games), while Arsenal were undefeated in the league (38 games) in a run that stretched to a record 49 games. The actual nickname of the Preston team was the "Old Invincibles" but both versions have been in use.### Response:
|
The Invincibles in English football are the Preston North End team of the 1888–89 season, managed by William Sudell.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Based on the following paragraph on squat lobster fisheries, where do such fisheries exist today?### Input:Flesh from these animals is often commercially sold in restaurants as "langostino" or sometimes dishonestly called "lobster" when incorporated in seafood dishes. As well as being used for human consumption, there is demand for squat lobster meat to be used as feed in fish farms and shrimp or prawn farms. This is in part because they contain astaxanthin, a pigment that helps to colour the meat of farmed salmon and trout.Despite their worldwide distribution and great abundance, there are few functioning fisheries for squat lobsters. Experimental fisheries have occurred in several countries, including Argentina, Mexico, and New Zealand, but commercial exploitation is currently restricted to Latin America, and chiefly to Chile. The main target species are Pleuroncodes monodon, P. planipes, and Cervimunida johni.In Central America, the primary species of squat lobster targeted by fisheries is a species of Pleuroncodes. There is a great deal of confusion over both scientific names and common names, and the exact species is often unknown. In El Salvador, for instance, the commercial catch is generally referred to as "P. planipes", but is in fact P. monodon. Commercial fishing for squat lobsters in El Salvador began in the early 1980s; production increased markedly in the 2001 season, and has continued to grow, now making up 98% of the demersal resources landed in El Salvador, with annual catches peaking at 13,708 t in 2005. In Costa Rica, aggregations of squat lobsters are avoided, as the fishermen fear the squat lobsters will clog their nets. In Nicaragua, squat lobsters are heavily exploited, especially following a large increase in fishing effort in the 2007 season. In Panama, production reached 492 t in 2008. Chilean squat lobster fisheries initially targeted Cervimunida johni, beginning in 1953. By the mid-1960s, effort had largely switched to P. monodon. In an effort to conserve stocks, the Chilean government instituted quotas for squat lobsters, and the fishery is closely monitored. In New Zealand, Munida gregaria has been considered as a potential fisheries resource, particularly to feed farmed Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).### Response:
|
Based on the information provided in the paragraph, squat lobster fisheries exist today in the following countries:* Argentina* Mexico* New Zealand* Chile* El Salvador* Costa Rica* PanamaWherever you are in the world, you can find squat lobster fisheries in these countries.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:How many windows does the building have based on the provided paragraph?### Input:The main entrance on the west side of the building faces North 14th Avenue. The building is fronted by a concrete porch with three steps leading to louvered double doors surrounded by windows. Panels of five lights each flank the doors, and above it a seven panel fanlight frames a sign with the club's name. Gabled returns supported by pilasters and a pair of Tuscan columns show a neoclassical architectural influence. Two four-light windows with green shutters are centered on either side of the door. Each of the windows has green two-panel shutters with cutouts of a full moon on top and a crescent moon on the bottom. The north and south side have four windows each, and the back of the building has three. The building is painted white and sheathed in clapboard except the four bottom courses covered with asbestos shingles. The porches and roof are green.### Response:
|
Based on the provided paragraph, the building has a total of 12 windows (3 on the north and south sides, and 3 on the back).</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this paragraph about Hydrogen Storage, what is the hydrogen boiling point?### Input:Several methods exist for storing hydrogen. These include mechanical approaches such as using high pressures and low temperatures, or employing chemical compounds that release H2 upon demand. While large amounts of hydrogen are produced by various industries, it is mostly consumed at the site of production, notably for the synthesis of ammonia. For many years hydrogen has been stored as compressed gas or cryogenic liquid, and transported as such in cylinders, tubes, and cryogenic tanks for use in industry or as propellant in space programs. Interest in using hydrogen for on-board storage of energy in zero-emissions vehicles is motivating the development of new methods of storage, more adapted to this new application. The overarching challenge is the very low boiling point of H2: it boils around 20.268 K (−252.882 °C or −423.188 °F). Achieving such low temperatures requires expending significant energy.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_storage### Response:
|
The hydrogen boiling point is around 20.268 K (−252.882 °C or −423.188 °F).</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Tell me about the 1999 UEFA champions league final?### Input:The 1999 UEFA Champions League final was an association football match between Manchester United of England and Bayern Munich of Germany, played at Camp Nou in Barcelona, Spain, on 26 May 1999, to determine the winner of the 1998–99 UEFA Champions League. Injury time goals from Manchester United's Teddy Sheringham and Ole Gunnar Solskjær cancelled out Mario Basler's early goal for Bayern to give Manchester United a 2–1 win. Referee Pierluigi Collina has cited this match as one of the most memorable of his career, and described the noise from the crowd at the end of the game as being like a "lion's roar".The two sides had played each other earlier in the competition, having both been drawn in Group D in the group stage; Bayern won the group, while Manchester United qualified for the knockout phase as one of the two best runners-up across all six groups. After beating Inter Milan in the quarter-finals, Manchester United beat another Italian side, Juventus, in the semis to reach the final; meanwhile, Bayern beat fellow Germans Kaiserslautern in the quarter-finals, before overcoming Ukrainian side Dynamo Kyiv in the semis. The victory completed a treble-winning season for Manchester United, after they had won the Premier League and FA Cup. Bayern were also playing for a treble, having won the Bundesliga and reached the DFB-Pokal final, although they went on to lose that match as well.### Response:
|
The 1999 UEFA Champions League final was an incredible match between two of the best teams in Europe. Manchester United, led by Sir Alex Ferguson, had a strong squad with players like Ryan Giggs, Paul Scholes, and David Beckham, while Bayern Munich had a talented team featuring players like Mario Basler, Mehmed Baždarević, and Oliver Kahn. The match was played at Camp Nou in Barcelona, Spain, in front of a packed crowd of over 90,000 fans.The game started off with Bayern Munich taking the lead through Mario Basler in the 13th minute. However, Manchester United fought back and scored two goals in injury time through Teddy Sheringham and Ole Gunnar Solskjær to win the match 2-1. The crowd went wild as Manchester United lifted the Champions League trophy, completing a treble-winning season for the club. It was a truly memorable moment in the history of football, and the noise from the crowd at the end of the game was indeed like a "lion's roar."</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given these paragraphs about the Tesla bot, where and when was it announced?### Input:Optimus, also known as Tesla Bot, is a conceptual general-purpose robotic humanoid under development by Tesla, Inc. It was announced at the company's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Day event on August 19, 2021. CEO Elon Musk claimed during the event that Tesla would likely build a prototype by 2022. Musk is on record having said that he thinks Optimus "has the potential to be more significant than the vehicle business over time."Tesla Bot is planned to measure 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) tall and weigh 125 lb (57 kg). According to the presentation made during the first AI Day event, a Tesla Bot will be "controlled by the same AI system Tesla is developing for the advanced driver-assistance system used in its cars" and have a carrying capacity of 45 lb (20 kg). Proposed tasks for the product are ones that are "dangerous, repetitive and boring", such as providing manufacturing assistance.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimus_(robot)### Response:
|
Tesla announced the Optimus robot, also known as Tesla Bot, at its Artificial Intelligence (AI) Day event on August 19, 2021.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:What is better: Tiramisu with chocolate or with Strawberries ?### Input:Tiramisu appears to have been invented in the 1960s, but where and when exactly is unclear.The recipe for tiramisu is not found in cookbooks before the 1960s. It is mentioned in a Sydney Morning Herald restaurant column published in 1978. It is not mentioned in encyclopedias and dictionaries of the 1970s, first appearing in an Italian dictionary in 1980, and in English in 1982. It is mentioned in a 1983 cookbook devoted to cooking of the Veneto.Obituaries for the restaurateur Ado Campeol (1928–2021) reported that it was invented at his restaurant Le Beccherie in Treviso on 24 December 1969 by his wife Alba di Pillo (1929–2021) and the pastry chef Roberto Linguanotto. The dish was added to its menu in 1972. Accounts by Carminantonio Iannaccone claim the tiramisu sold at Le Beccherie was made by him in his bakery, created on 24 December 1969.It has been claimed that tiramisu has aphrodisiac effects and was concocted by a 19th-century Treviso brothel madam, as the Accademia Del Tiramisù explains, to "solve the problems they may have had with their conjugal duties on their return to their wives".There is evidence of a "Tiremesù" semi-frozen dessert served by the Vetturino restaurant in Pieris, in the Friuli Venezia Giulia, since 1938. This may be the name's origin, while the recipe for Tiramisu may have originated as a variation of another layered dessert, Zuppa Inglese. Others claim it was created towards the end of the 17th century in Siena in honour of Grand Duke Cosimo III.On 29 July 2017, Tiramisu was entered by the Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies on the list of traditional Friulian and Giulian agri-food products in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region. In 2013, Luca Zaia, governor of Veneto sought European Union Protected Status certification for the dessert, based on the ingredients used in 1970, so substitute ingredients, such as strawberries, could not be used in a dish called tiramisu### Response:
|
Based on the information provided, it is difficult to say definitively whether Tiramisu is better with chocolate or strawberries, as the origins of the dessert are unclear and there are multiple variations and claims about its creation. However, according to the Accademia Del Tiramisù, the traditional recipe for Tiramisu includes ladyfingers soaked in coffee and layered with mascarpone cheese, which suggests that the original version of the dessert did not include fruit. If you want to try a strawberry version of Tiramisu, you could experiment with adding fresh strawberries to the layers of ladyfingers and mascarpone cheese, or you could try using strawberry-flavored ingredients like strawberry syrup or strawberry mascarpone cheese. Ultimately, the choice between chocolate and strawberries will depend on your personal preferences and the flavor profile you want to achieve in your Tiramisu.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:When did the Vietnam War Start?### Input:The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam### Response:
|
The Vietnam War started on November 1, 1955.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this reference text on the creation of centaurs, where did the mythology originate?### Input:The centaurs were usually said to have been born of Ixion and Nephele. As the story goes, Nephele was a cloud made into the likeness of Hera in a plot to trick Ixion into revealing his lust for Hera to Zeus. Ixion seduced Nephele and from that relationship centaurs were created. Another version, however, makes them children of Centaurus, a man who mated with the Magnesian mares. Centaurus was either himself the son of Ixion and Nephele (inserting an additional generation) or of Apollo and the nymph Stilbe. In the latter version of the story, Centaurus's twin brother was Lapithes, ancestor of the Lapiths.Another tribe of centaurs was said to have lived on Cyprus. According to Nonnus, they were fathered by Zeus, who, in frustration after Aphrodite had eluded him, spilled his seed on the ground of that land. There were also the Lamian Pheres, twelve rustic daimones (spirits) of the Lamos river. They were set by Zeus to guard the infant Dionysos, protecting him from the machinations of Hera, but the enraged goddess transformed them into ox-horned Centaurs. The Lamian Pheres later accompanied Dionysos in his campaign against the Indians.The centaur's half-human, half-horse composition has led many writers to treat them as liminal beings, caught between the two natures they embody in contrasting myths; they are both the embodiment of untamed nature, as in their battle with the Lapiths (their kin), and conversely, teachers like Chiron.### Response:
|
The mythology of centaurs originated in ancient Greece, specifically in the region of Magnesia on the coast of Thessaly. According to the reference text, centaurs were either born of Ixion and Nephele or Centaurus, a man who mated with the Magnesian mares. The myths surrounding the creation of centaurs vary, but they are all rooted in ancient Greek mythology and culture.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given a reference text about Justice League Dark, tell me who the main actors are and what roles they played.### Input:Justice League Dark is a 2017 American adult animated science fantasy superhero film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and distributed by Warner Home Video. Featuring the DC Comics team of the same name created by Peter Milligan and Mikel Janín, the film is the 27th of the DC Universe Animated Original Movies and the eighth of the DC Animated Movie Universe. Unlike most installments in the DC Animated Universe Movies series, Justice League Dark features an original premise. The film stars Matt Ryan as John Constantine and Jason O'Mara as Batman, reprising their respective roles from previous media. It was released on Digital HD on January 24, 2017, and on DVD and Blu-ray on February 7.A sequel, Justice League Dark: Apokolips War, was released in May 2020.### Response:
|
Based on the information provided in the instruction and input, the main actors and their roles in Justice League Dark are:Matt Ryan as John ConstantineJason O'Mara as Batman</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this paragraph about the planet Jupiter, tell me what it is made of.### Input:Jupiter's upper atmosphere is about 90% hydrogen and 10% helium by volume. Since helium atoms are more massive than hydrogen molecules, Jupiter's atmosphere is approximately 24% helium by mass. The atmosphere also contains trace amounts of methane, water vapour, ammonia, and silicon-based compounds. There are also fractional amounts of carbon, ethane, hydrogen sulfide, neon, oxygen, phosphine, and sulfur. The outermost layer of the atmosphere contains crystals of frozen ammonia. Through infrared and ultraviolet measurements, trace amounts of benzene and other hydrocarbons have also been found. The interior of Jupiter contains denser materials—by mass it is roughly 71% hydrogen, 24% helium, and 5% other elements.### Response:
|
Jupiter is primarily made up of hydrogen and helium, with trace amounts of other elements. In its upper atmosphere, hydrogen and helium make up about 90% of the volume, with helium being more massive and therefore making up a larger proportion of the mass. The atmosphere also contains trace amounts of other gases, including methane, water vapor, ammonia, and silicon-based compounds. In the outermost layer of the atmosphere, there are crystals of frozen ammonia. The interior of Jupiter is composed of denser materials, including hydrogen, helium, and other elements, with a rough composition of 71% hydrogen, 24% helium, and 5% other elements.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Which sub-Saharan colony was the first to gain independence?### Input:Imperial rule by Europeans would continue until after the conclusion of World War II, when almost all remaining colonial territories gradually obtained formal independence. Independence movements in Africa gained momentum following World War II, which left the major European powers weakened. In 1951, Libya, a former Italian colony, gained independence. In 1956, Tunisia and Morocco won their independence from France. Ghana followed suit the next year (March 1957), becoming the first of the sub-Saharan colonies to be granted independence. Most of the rest of the continent became independent over the next decade.### Response:
|
Ghana was the first sub-Saharan colony to gain independence in 1957.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Of which generation is Jiang the core leader of China### Input:Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as president of China from 1993 to 2003. Jiang was paramount leader of China from 1989 to 2002. He was the core leader of the third generation of Chinese leadership, one of four core leaders alongside Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping.Born in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Jiang joined the CCP while he was in college. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he received training at the Stalin Automobile Works in Moscow in the 1950s, later returning to Shanghai in 1962 to serve in various institutes, later being sent between 1970-1972 to Romania as part of an expert team to establish machinery manufacturing plants in the country. After 1979, he was appointed as the vice chair of two commissions by vice premier Gu Mu to oversee the newly-established special economic zones (SEZs). He became the vice minister of the newly-established Ministry of Electronics Industry and a member of the CCP Central Committee in 1982.Jiang was appointed as the mayor of Shanghai in 1985, later being promoted to its Communist Party secretary, as well as a member of the CCP Politburo, in 1987. Jiang came to power unexpectedly as a compromise candidate following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, when he replaced Zhao Ziyang as CCP general secretary after Zhao was ousted for his support for the student movement. As the involvement of the "Eight Elders" in Chinese politics steadily declined, Jiang consolidated his hold on power to become the "paramount leader" in the country during the 1990s. Urged by Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in 1992, Jiang officially introduced the term "socialist market economy" in his speech during the 14th CCP National Congress held later that year, which accelerated "opening up and reform".Under Jiang's leadership, China experienced substantial economic growth with the continuation of market reforms. The returning of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom in 1997 and of Macau from Portugal in 1999, and entry into the World Trade Organisation in 2001, were landmark moments of his era. China also witnessed improved relations with the outside world, while the Communist Party maintained its tight control over the state. Jiang faced criticism over human rights abuses, including the crackdown on the Falun Gong movement. His contributions to party doctrine, known as the "Three Represents", were written into the CCP constitution in 2002. Jiang gradually vacated his official leadership titles from 2002 to 2005, being succeeded in these roles by Hu Jintao, although he and his political faction continued to influence affairs until much later. On 30 November 2022, Jiang died from leukemia and multiple organ failure in Shanghai.### Response:
|
Jiang Zemin was the core leader of the third generation of Chinese leadership, one of four core leaders alongside Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, and Xi Jinping.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this paragraph about the dimensions of a volleyball court, what is the area of one half of a volleyball court with an explanation of the math behind the calculation.### Input:A volleyball court is 9 m × 18 m (29.5 ft × 59.1 ft), divided into equal square halves by a net with a width of one meter (39.4 in). The top of the net is 2.43 m (7 ft 11+11⁄16 in) above the centre of the court for men's competition, and 2.24 m (7 ft 4+3⁄16 in) for women's competition, varied for veterans and junior competitions.### Response:
|
The area of one half of a volleyball court can be calculated by multiplying the length and width of one half of the court. Since the court is divided into two halves by a net with a width of one meter, each half has a length of 9 m (29.5 ft) and a width of 9 m (29.5 ft). Therefore, the area of one half of a volleyball court is:Area = length x width = 9 m x 9 m = 81 m² (872.8 ft²)To calculate the area of one half of a volleyball court, we use the formula for the area of a rectangle, which is length x width. In this case, the length and width of one half of the court are both 9 m (29.5 ft), so the area is 81 m² (872.8 ft²).The math behind this calculation is straightforward. We multiply the length and width of one half of the court to get the area. The length and width are both measured in meters or feet, so we don't need to convert them.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this paragraph about planting and harvesting for peanut butter, when are peanuts typically harvested?### Input:Due to weather conditions, peanuts are usually planted in spring. The peanut comes from a yellow flower that bends over and penetrates the soil after blooming and wilting, and the peanut starts to grow in the soil. Peanuts are harvested from late August to October, while the weather is clear. This weather allows for dry soil so that when picked, the soil does not stick to the stems and pods. The peanuts are then removed from vines and transported to a peanut shelling machine for mechanical drying. After cropping, the peanuts are delivered to warehouses for cleaning, where they are stored unshelled in silos.### Response:
|
Peanuts are typically harvested from late August to October.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:How long did Air Finland operate?### Input:Oy Air Finland was an airline with its head office and base at Helsinki Airport in Vantaa, Finland, which was operating chartered and scheduled flights to holiday destinations, as well as aircraft lease services. The company was founded in 2002 and filed for bankruptcy in 2012.HistoryBoeing 757-200 in the old livery at Kangerlussuaq Airport (2010).Boeing 757-200 in the latest livery at Málaga Airport (2012).An ex-Air Finland Boeing 757-200 in basic Jet2 Holidays livery at Leeds Bradford International Airport (2011)The airline was established in January 2002 and started flight operations on 3 April 2003. It was owned by three individuals from the aviation, finance and travel marketing industries: Harri Naivo (Chairman and Chief Financial Officer), Mika Helenius (Chief Executive Officer), and Lauri Komi. At March 2007, the company had 210 employees. On 26 June 2012, Air Finland announced that it would immediately cancel all flights and filed for bankruptcy.### Response:
|
Air Finland operated from 2003 to 2012, for a total of 9 years.</s>
|
[
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this paragraph about the description of wakesurfing, what is needed to generate the wave?### Input:Wakesurfing is a water sport in which a rider trails behind a boat, riding the boat's wake without being directly pulled by the boat. After getting up on the wake, typically by use of a tow rope, the wakesurfers will drop the rope, and ride the steep face below the wave's peak in a fashion reminiscent of surfing. Wakesurfers generally use special boards, designed specifically for wakes.### Response:
|
To generate the wave for wakesurfing, a boat with a powerful engine and a flat bottom hull is needed. The boat should be traveling at a speed of around 20-30 mph, and the rider should be positioned behind the boat, holding onto a tow rope. Once the rider is ready, the boat should be turned off, and the rider should drop the rope to ride the wave.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:What high school did Tyrone Brazelton go to?### Input:Born in Chicago, Illinois, Brazelton initially played basketball for the Rich East High School, but transferred to the rival Rich Central High School during his senior year. He led the latter team to a championship in the Big Dipper tournament and was named as the most valuable player of the tournament.### Response:
|
Tyrone Brazelton attended Rich Central High School in Chicago, Illinois.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given a reference text about Giovanni Dominici, when was he beatified?### Input:Giovanni Dominici (c. 1355 – 10 June 1419) was an Italian Catholic prelate and Dominican who became a cardinal. His ideas had a profound influence on the art of Fra Angelico who entered the order through him. But he once encountered difficulties becoming a friar due to a speech impairment that his superiors believed would rule him ineligible for both profession and the priesthood. Dominici became a noted theologian and preacher and was tireless in establishing monasteries and convents in cities such as Fiesole and Lucca.He attempted to resign his cardinalate in 1415 during the Council of Constance after he succeeded in convincing the pope to abdicate in order to end the Western Schism. But the Council refused to accept his resignation though he had resigned from the archbishopric that he held. He spent the remainder of his life as a papal legate for Pope Martin V until he died in Buda.He had been first named as a Blessed since 1622 though he had not been recognized as such until he was beatified on 9 April 1832.[### Response:
|
Giovanni Dominici was beatified on April 9, 1832.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given the reference text, where would I be able to find The Oath of Leo III?### Input:The Oath of Leo III is a painting by the workshop of the Italian renaissance artist Raphael. The painting was part of Raphael's commission to decorate the rooms that are now known as the Stanze di Raffaello, in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican. It is located in the room that was named after The Fire in the Borgo, the Stanza dell'incendio del Borgo. In the fresco, Pope Leo III is seen during the trial on December 23 AD 800 during which he was brought face to face with the nephews of his predecessor Pope Hadrian I, who had accused him of misconduct. The assembled bishops declared that they could not judge the pope, after which Leo took an oath of purgation of his own free will.### Response:
|
The Oath of Leo III can be found in the Stanza dell'incendio del Borgo, located in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Who is Sean Connery?### Input:Sir Sean Connery (born Thomas Connery; 25 August 1930 – 31 October 2020) was a Scottish actor. He was the first actor to portray fictional British secret agent James Bond on film, starring in seven Bond films between 1962 and 1983. Originating the role in Dr. No, Connery played Bond in six of Eon Productions' entries and made his final Bond appearance in the non-Eon-produced Never Say Never Again; if non-Eon-produced Bond movies are included, Connery shares the record for the most portrayals as James Bond with Roger Moore (with 7 apiece). Following his third appearance as Bond in Goldfinger (1964), in June 1965 Time magazine observed "James Bond has developed into the biggest mass-cult hero of the decade"### Response:
|
Sean Connery is a Scottish actor who is best known for playing the role of James Bond in seven films between 1962 and 1983. He originated the role in Dr. No and went on to star in six Eon Productions' Bond films, as well as the non-Eon-produced Never Say Never Again. Connery holds the record for the most portrayals of James Bond, with seven appearances in total.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this short paragraph about the life of George K. McGunnegle, how old was he when he retired and what month of the year did that happen?### Input:As a member of the 3rd Infantry Regiment and 17th Infantry Regiment, McGunnegle served in the Philippines during the Philippine–American War. After receiving promotion to colonel in 1906, he commanded the 1st Infantry Regiment during service in Washington, the Philippines, and Hawaii. In 1914, he was assigned to command the recruit depot at Fort McDowell, California. He served until recaching the mandatory retirement age of 64 in June 1918. Because World War I was ongoing, McGunnegle agreed to defer retirement and remained on duty at Fort McDowell. The war ended in November 1918, and he remained in command of Fort McDowell to muster out troops as the army demobilized. He retired in July 1919.### Response:
|
Based on the information provided in the paragraph, George K. McGunnegle retired from the military in July 1919, which was six months after the end of World War I in November 1918.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:per this description of the game of fooseball, how many full rotations are allowed in the game at the championship level?### Input:The game involves using figures mounted on rotating bars to kick a ball into the opposing goal. Table football tables can vary in size, but a typical table is about 120 centimetres (3.9 ft) long and 61 centimetres (2.00 ft) wide. The table usually contains eight rows of foos men, which are plastic, metal, wooden, or sometimes carbon-fibre figures mounted on horizontal metal bars. Each team of one or two human players controls four rows of foos men, one row each for the goalkeeper, defenders, midfield and strikers. Players manipulate the rods to control the figures, using them to hold up, pass or 'kick' the ball. Games begin when the ball is served through a hole at the side of the table, or simply placed by hand at the feet of a figure in the centre of the table. A coin toss is usually used to determine which player or team serves first. If it is not the first match or if the ball gets out of play or if the ball suddenly stops out, then the team scored last would get the serve after he scores one. The term for when the ball leaves the table or gets stopped somewhere out of the men-like figures’ reach is dead ball. Expert players have been known to move balls at speeds up to 56 km/h (35 mph) in competition.The rules prohibit "over 360-degree shots", or "spinning": using the palm of the hand to swiftly spin the bar all around, instead of using wrist strokes to kick the ball with a bar-mounted figure. Since the establishment of the International Table Soccer Federation (ITSF), the rules have become standardised in most international competitions. However, since January 2012, the annual World Championships and the World Cup have permitted two full 360-degree rotations.The winner is determined when one team scores a predetermined number of goals, typically five, ten or eleven in competition. When playing Bonzini competitions, the target number of goals is seven and players must win by at least two clear goals.### Response:
|
At the championship level, the game of foosball allows for two full rotations of the bars. This is as per the rules of the International Table Soccer Federation (ITSF) and is in line with the standardized rules used in most international competitions. However, at the annual World Championships and the World Cup, players are allowed two full 360-degree rotations, effective since January 2012.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Based on the reference text about the Tampa Bay Rays, what is the name of their stadium and who are their main rivals?### Input:The Tampa Bay Rays are an American professional baseball team based in St. Petersburg, Florida. The Rays compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. Since its inception, the team's home venue has been Tropicana Field.Following nearly three decades of unsuccessfully trying to gain an expansion franchise or enticing existing teams to relocate to the Tampa Bay area, an ownership group led by Vince Naimoli was approved on March 9, 1995. The team began play as the Tampa Bay Devil Rays in the 1998 Major League Baseball season.The team's first decade of play was marked by futility; they finished in last place in the AL East in all but the 2004 season, when they finished second to last. Following the 2007 season, Stuart Sternberg, who had purchased controlling interest in the team from Vince Naimoli two years earlier, changed the team's name from "Devil Rays" to "Rays", now meaning both a manta ray and a ray of sunshine; a manta ray logo appears on the uniform sleeves while a sunburst appears on the uniform front. The 2008 season saw the Rays post their first winning season, their first AL East championship, and their first American League pennant (defeating the rival Boston Red Sox in the ALCS), though they lost to the Philadelphia Phillies in that year's World Series. Since then, the Rays have played in the postseason seven more times, winning the American League pennant again in 2020 and losing to the Los Angeles Dodgers in that year's World Series.The Tampa Bay Rays' chief rivals are the Boston Red Sox and the New York Yankees, which also play in the AL East. Regarding the former, there have been several notable on-field incidents. The Rays also have an in-state interleague rivalry with the National League (NL)'s Miami Marlins (originally the Florida Marlins), whom they play in the Citrus Series.Through 2022, the Rays' all-time record is 1,912–2,034 (.485)### Response:
|
The name of the Tampa Bay Rays' stadium is Tropicana Field, and their main rivals are the Boston Red Sox and the New York Yankees.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:what is the greenest country ion the world### Input:Coming in at first place is Sweden. Sweden ranks highly across the studies, coming in 5th place on the EPI, 9th for the GFI, and 4th for the lowest annual average PM2.5 concentration at 6.6 μg/m³.However, like most European countries Sweden’s main downfall is its CO2 emissions per capita, ranking only 28th place with 4.18 tonnes (4th in Europe).Some of Sweden’s highlights are that it has a perfect score in the EPI for protecting marine ecosystems and it ranks second in the GFI’s CO2 emissions growth in transport sector indicator.### Response:
|
Sweden is the greenest country in the world. According to the studies, Sweden ranks highly across various indicators, including the Environmental Performance Index (EPI), the Global Forestry Index (GFI), and the PM2.5 concentration. However, despite its impressive performance in these areas, Sweden's CO2 emissions per capita are relatively high, ranking only 28th in the world with 4.18 tonnes. Nevertheless, Sweden's efforts to protect marine ecosystems and its ranking second in the GFI's CO2 emissions growth in the transport sector are notable achievements.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Who did Stafford throw touchdown passes to in Super Bowl LV?### Input:Against the Cincinnati Bengals in Super Bowl LVI, Stafford and the Rams came away victorious on their home field with a final score of 23–20. Scoring started early in the first quarter thanks to a long drive that culminated in a Odell Beckham Jr. touchdown reception. The Bengals managed a field goal to make the score 7–3. Stafford then tossed another touchdown to wide receiver Cooper Kupp on the next possession to extend the lead to 13–3. On the first play of the second half, however, the Bengals retook the lead, 17–13. After field goals by both teams, the Rams trailed by a score of 20–16 in the fourth quarter. Stafford orchestrated a drive in the final minutes that ended with another touchdown pass to Kupp to regain the lead at 23–20. Overall, Stafford completed 26 of his 40 pass attempts for 283 yards, three passing touchdowns, and two interceptions as he earned his first championship ring in his first season with the Rams.### Response:
|
Stafford threw touchdown passes to Cooper Kupp in Super Bowl LV.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:According to this passage, what percent of the lithography machine market do Ultratech, Canon and Nikon, MKS Instruments, Lam Research and Cadence Design Systems have in aggregate?### Input:ASML produces the photolithography machines used in the production of computer chips. In these machines, patterns are optically imaged onto a silicon wafer that is covered with a film of light-sensitive material (photoresist). This procedure is repeated dozens of times on a single wafer. The photoresist is then further processed to create the actual electronic circuits on the silicon. The optical imaging that ASML's machines deal with is used in the fabrication of nearly all integrated circuits and, as of 2011, ASML had 67 percent of the worldwide sales of lithography machines.ASML's competition consisted of Ultratech, Canon and Nikon, MKS Instruments, Lam Research and Cadence Design Systems.[citation needed]### Response:
|
According to the passage, the aggregate market share of Ultratech, Canon and Nikon, MKS Instruments, Lam Research and Cadence Design Systems in the lithography machine market is 33 percent.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Where is the Hawkeye Creek Bridge located### Input:Hawkeye Creek Bridge is a historic structure located in a rural area northeast of Mediapolis, Iowa, United States. The Des Moines County Board of Supervisors contracted with Clinton Bridge and Iron Works on September 23, 1909, to design and build this bridge. It is an 80-foot (24 m) span that carries traffic of a gravel road over Hawkeye Creek. The structure is a single rigid-connected Pratt through truss that is supported by concrete abutments. It basically remains in an unaltered condition. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.### Response:
|
The Hawkeye Creek Bridge is located in a rural area northeast of Mediapolis, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1909 by Clinton Bridge and Iron Works and is a historic structure that remains in an unaltered condition. The bridge is an 80-foot span single rigid-connected Pratt through truss that carries traffic over Hawkeye Creek on a gravel road. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this paragraph about Thanjavur paintings and its origins, what are the typical features of Thanjavur paintings?### Input:Thanjavur painting is a classical South Indian painting style, which was inaugurated from the town of Thanjavur (anglicized as Tanjore) in Tamil Nadu. The art form draws its immediate resources and inspiration from way back about 1600 AD, a period when the Nayakas of Thanjavur under the suzerainty of the Vijayanagara Rayas encouraged art—chiefly, classical dance and music—as well as literature, both in Telugu and Tamil and painting of chiefly Hindu religious subjects in temples. It is distinguished by its famous gold coating. However, it can safely be surmised that Thanjavur painting, as we know it now, originated in the Maratha court of Thanjavur (1676–1855).It has been recognized as a Geographical indication by the Government of India in 2007–08. Thanjavur paintings are characterized by rich and vivid colors, simple icon composition, glittering gold foils overlaid on delicate but extensive gesso work and inlay of glass beads and pieces or precious and semi-precious gems. In Thanjavur paintings one can see the influence of Deccani, Vijayanagar, Maratha and even European or Company styles of painting. Essentially serving as devotional icons, the subjects of most paintings are Hindu gods, goddesses, and saints. Episodes from Hindu Puranas, Sthala-puranas and other religious texts were visualized, sketched or traced and painted with the main figure or figures placed in the central section of the picture (mostly within an architecturally delineated space such as a mantapa or prabhavali) surrounded by several subsidiary figures, themes and subjects. There are also many instances when Jain, Sikh, Muslim, other religious and even secular subjects were depicted in Tanjore paintings. Thanjavur paintings are panel paintings done on wooden planks, and hence referred to as Palagai padam in local parlance. In modern times, these paintings have become souvenirs for festive occasions in South India.### Response:
|
The typical features of Thanjavur paintings are rich and vivid colors, simple icon composition, glittering gold foils overlaid on delicate but extensive gesso work and inlay of glass beads and pieces or precious and semi-precious gems. They are characterized by their use of Deccani, Vijayanagar, Maratha, and European or Company styles of painting, and often depict Hindu gods, goddesses, and saints, as well as episodes from Hindu Puranas, Sthala-puranas, and other religious texts. Thanjavur paintings are typically panel paintings done on wooden planks, and are referred to as Palagai padam in local parlance. In modern times, these paintings have become souvenirs for festive occasions in South India.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:What color is Perpetual Spinach?### Input:"Chard or Swiss chard (/tʃɑːrd/; Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris, Cicla Group and Flavescens Group) is a green leafy vegetable. In the cultivars of the Flavescens Group, the leaf stalks are large and often prepared separately from the leaf blade; the Cicla Group is the leafy spinach beet. The leaf blade can be green or reddish; the leaf stalks are usually white, yellow or red.Chard, like other green leafy vegetables, has highly nutritious leaves. Chard has been used in cooking for centuries, but because it is the same species as beetroot, the common names that cooks and cultures have used for chard may be confusing; it has many common names, such as silver beet, perpetual spinach, beet spinach, seakale beet, or leaf beet."### Response:
|
Perpetual Spinach is green.</s>
|
[
5894,
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:What does moha mean### Input:Moha (Chinese: 膜蛤; pinyin: Mó Há, pronounced [muǒ.xǎ]), literally "admiring toad" or "toad worship", is an internet meme spoofing Jiang Zemin, former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and paramount leader. It originated among the netizens in mainland China and has become a subculture on the Chinese internet. According to another explanation, it comes from China's social media Baidu Tieba. In the culture, Jiang is nicknamed há, or "toad", because of his supposed resemblance to a toad. Netizens who móhá (worship the toad) call themselves "toad fans", "toad lovers" or "toad worshippers" (simplified Chinese: 蛤丝; traditional Chinese: 蛤絲), or "mogicians" (膜法师; 膜法師) which is a wordplay on mófǎshī (魔法师; 魔法師, magician) in Mandarin.[note 1]Another nickname for Jiang is "elder" or "senior" (长者; 長者; Zhǎngzhě), because he once called himself an "elder" or "senior" when he was berating Hong Kong journalist Sharon Cheung who questioned him. A video clip recording this event spread on the internet and led to the rise of the culture, which later greatly rose in popularity around 2014, when Hong Kong was experiencing a period of political instability. Initially, netizens extracted Jiang's quotes from the video and imitated his wording and tone, for parody and insult. However, as the culture developed, some imitations have taken to carrying affection toward him. The quotes for imitation have also evolved to include what he said during his leadership, and in his personal life.### Response:
|
Moha is an internet meme that originated in China and refers to the mock worship of Jiang Zemin, a former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party. The term is derived from the Chinese characters for "admiring toad" or "toad worship," and is often used to describe the ironic or satirical admiration of Jiang's appearance and behavior. The meme has become a subculture on the Chinese internet, with netizens imitating Jiang's speech and mannerisms and using the term "moha" to describe themselves as "toad fans" or "toad lovers."</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:How many teams are in the MLB National League### Input:Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization and the oldest major professional sports league in the world. MLB is composed of 30 teams, divided equally between the National League (NL) and the American League (AL), with 29 in the United States and 1 in Canada.### Response:
|
There are 15 teams in the MLB National League.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:What do you know about Apache Spark?### Input:Apache Spark is an open-source unified analytics engine for large-scale data processing. Spark provides an interface for programming clusters with implicit data parallelism and fault tolerance. Originally developed at the University of California, Berkeley's AMPLab, the Spark codebase was later donated to the Apache Software Foundation, which has maintained it since.### Response:
|
Spark is a powerful tool for large-scale data processing that offers several advantages over traditional batch processing systems. First, Spark provides implicit data parallelism, which means that the system can automatically distribute data across multiple nodes in a cluster, allowing for much faster processing times. Additionally, Spark is fault-tolerant, meaning that if one node in the cluster fails, the system can continue processing without interruption. Spark also offers a simple and intuitive programming interface, making it easy for developers to build and deploy applications. Overall, Spark is a valuable tool for organizations looking to efficiently process large amounts of data.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given a reference text about Teodoro "Teddy" de Villa Diaz, tell me how he died and how old he was when he died.### Input:Teodoro "Teddy" de Villa Diaz (1 April 1963 – 21 August 1988) was a Filipino musician and composer, best known as the founder and original guitarist of The Dawn.As a composer, he co-wrote the band's first single "Enveloped Ideas" and their well-known hit "Salamat", which was released posthumously in 1989. He played guitar on the albums The Dawn (1986) and I Stand With You (1988). Aside from being a guitarist, he played keyboards as credited on The Dawn's 1986 debut album.[citation needed]At the height of his career and at the peak of The Dawn's popularity in the late 1980s, he was stabbed to death in front of his girlfriend's house by two bystanders who were allegedly under the influence of drugs and alcohol.### Response:
|
Teodoro "Teddy" de Villa Diaz died on August 21, 1988, at the age of 25, after being stabbed to death in front of his girlfriend's house by two bystanders who were under the influence of drugs and alcohol.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:What is one of Poseidon's many powers?### Input:The Call to AdventureThe hero begins in a situation of normality from which some information is received that acts as a call to head off into the unknown. According to Campbell, this region is represented bya distant land, a forest, a kingdom underground, beneath the waves, or above the sky, a secret island, lofty mountaintop, or profound dream state; but it is always a place of strangely fluid and polymorphous beings, unimaginable torments, superhuman deeds, and impossible delight. The hero can go forth of their own volition to accomplish the adventure, as did Theseus when he arrived in his father's city, Athens, and heard the horrible history of the Minotaur; or they may be carried or sent abroad by some benign or malignant agent as was Odysseus, driven about the Mediterranean by the winds of the angered god, Poseidon. The adventure may begin as a mere blunder... or still, again, one may be only casually strolling when some passing phenomenon catches the wandering eye and lures one away from the frequented paths of man. Examples might be multiplied, ad infinitum, from every corner of the world.### Response:
|
One of Poseidon's many powers is his ability to control the seas and all the creatures that live within them. He can summon great storms, calm the waves, and even create sea monsters to do his bidding. As the god of the sea, Poseidon's power over the oceans is unmatched, and he is often called upon to protect sailors and ships from danger.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this paragraph, where is The Walt Disney Company headquarters?### Input:The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney (/ˈdɪzni/), is an American multinational, mass media and entertainment conglomerate that is headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios complex in Burbank, California. Disney was founded on October 16, 1923, by brothers Walt and Roy O. Disney as Disney Brothers Studio; it also operated under the names Walt Disney Studio and Walt Disney Productions before changing its name to The Walt Disney Company in 1986. Early in its existence, the company established itself as a leader in the animation industry, with the creation of the widely popular character Mickey Mouse, who first appeared in Steamboat Willie, which used synchronized sound, to become the first post-produced sound cartoon. The character would go on to become the company's mascot.### Response:
|
The Walt Disney Company headquarters is located in Burbank, California.</s>
|
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2
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given a reference text about Sam McElroy, at what school was he the head football coach and what was his overall record there?### Input:Sam McElroy (born c. 1963) is an American football coach. He served as head football coach at Tarleton State University from 2005 to 2009, compiling a record of 40–15.McElroy is a 1985 graduate of Southwest Texas State University (now Texas State University), where he did not play varsity football but served as student assistant to head coach John O'Hara. Soon after graduation he became assistant coach at Corsicana High School. In 1989, he was hired by Grant Teaff to serve as graduate assistant at Baylor University. He later had short stints at Navarro College and at Alto High School, where he was named 1992 District 22-AA Coach of the Year after winning the district title and earning a state playoff berth.### Response:
|
Based on the provided information, Sam McElroy was the head football coach at Tarleton State University from 2005 to 2009, and his overall record there was 40-15.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Where is Tamil language spoken?### Input:Tamil is a Dravidian language natively spoken by the Tamil people of South Asia. Tamil is an official language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, the sovereign nations of Sri Lanka and Singapore, and the Indian Union territory of Puducherry. Tamil is also spoken by significant minorities in the four other South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It is also spoken by the Tamil diaspora found in many countries, including Malaysia, Myanmar, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia and Mauritius. Tamil is also natively spoken by Sri Lankan Moors. One of 22 scheduled languages in the Constitution of India, Tamil was the first to be classified as a classical language of India.### Response:
|
Tamil is spoken in several countries including India, Sri Lanka, Singapore, and Malaysia. It is also spoken by significant minorities in other South Indian states and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.</s>
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given a reference text about N.V. Virgin Express S.A., tell me its main hub and when it was founded.### Input:N.V. Virgin Express S.A. was a Belgian airline created within the Virgin Group. It operated flights mainly to southern Europe from its hub at Brussels Airport. Ticket sales were mainly through the Internet. The airline merged with SN Brussels Airlines to form Brussels Airlines, which started operations on 25 March 2007. Virgin Express' head office was in Building 116 at Brussels Airport in Zaventem, Belgium, near Brussels.HistoryVirgin Express was founded on 23 April 1996, when the Virgin Group (with chairman Richard Branson) bought the Belgian leisure airline EBA - EuroBelgian Airlines, founded by Victor Hasson and Georges Gutelman, and rebranded it Virgin Express. It also took over EBA's fleet of Boeing 737s and operated this type of aircraft from thereon. The airline soon concentrated on low-budget scheduled flights out of its Brussels hub, and became a major competitor for Sabena and later SN Brussels Airlines.In October 2004, the Virgin Group sold its assets to SN Brussels Airlines, and both airlines were integrated into the parent holding company SN Airholding, chaired by Viscount Étienne Davignon.On 31 March 2006, SN Brussels Airlines and Virgin Express announced their merger into a single company, named Brussels Airlines. The combined airline added long haul destinations and strengthened its position in Africa.### Response:
|
The main hub of N.V. Virgin Express S.A. is Brussels Airport, and it was founded on April 23, 1996.</s>
|
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29929,
29929,
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2
] |
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:From the passage provided, extract the difference in caffeine between a light roast and a dark roast.### Input:Sucrose is rapidly lost during the roasting process, and may disappear entirely in darker roasts. During roasting, aromatic oils and acids weaken, changing the flavor; at 205 °C (401 °F), other oils start to develop. One of these oils, caffeol, is created at about 200 °C (392 °F), which is largely responsible for coffee's aroma and flavor. The difference of caffeine content between a light roast and a dark roast is only about 0.1%.### Response:
|
The difference in caffeine content between a light roast and a dark roast is only about 0.1%.</s>
|
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2
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this paragraph about the experiment that led to the discovery of penicillin by Sir Alexander Fleming, tell me upon which types of bacteria penicillin has an anti-bacterial effect, and list the conditions that were necessary for the discovery of penicillin### Input:By 1927, Fleming had been investigating the properties of staphylococci. He was already well known from his earlier work, and had developed a reputation as a brilliant researcher. In 1928, he studied the variation of Staphylococcus aureus grown under natural condition, after the work of Joseph Warwick Bigger, who discovered that the bacterium could grow into a variety of types (strains). On 3 September 1928, Fleming returned to his laboratory having spent a holiday with his family at Suffolk. Before leaving for his holiday, he inoculated staphylococci on culture plates and left them on a bench in a corner of his laboratory. On his return, Fleming noticed that one culture was contaminated with a fungus, and that the colonies of staphylococci immediately surrounding the fungus had been destroyed, whereas other staphylococci colonies farther away were normal, famously remarking "That's funny". Fleming showed the contaminated culture to his former assistant Merlin Pryce, who reminded him, "That's how you discovered lysozyme." He identified the mould as being from the genus Penicillium. He suspected it to be P. chrysogenum, but a colleague Charles J. La Touche identified it as P. rubrum. (It was later corrected as P. notatum and then officially accepted as P. chrysogenum; in 2011, it was resolved as P. rubens.)The laboratory in which Fleming discovered and tested penicillin is preserved as the Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum in St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington. The source of the fungal contaminant was established in 1966 as coming from La Touche's room, which was directly below Fleming's.Fleming grew the mould in a pure culture and found that the culture broth contained an antibacterial substance. He investigated its anti-bacterial effect on many organisms, and noticed that it affected bacteria such as staphylococci and many other Gram-positive pathogens that cause scarlet fever, pneumonia, meningitis and diphtheria, but not typhoid fever or paratyphoid fever, which are caused by Gram-negative bacteria, for which he was seeking a cure at the time. It also affected Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which causes gonorrhoea, although this bacterium is Gram-negative. After some months of calling it "mould juice" or "the inhibitor", he gave the name penicillin on 7 March 1929 for the antibacterial substance present in the mould.### Response:
|
Based on the information provided in the instruction and input, penicillin has an anti-bacterial effect on the following types of bacteria:
|
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this paragraph about the grand Ethiopian renaissance dam, what is the expected power generation on the latest design.### Input:Originally, in 2011, the hydropower plant was to receive 15 generating units with 350 MW nameplate capacity each, resulting in a total installed capacity of 5,250 MW with an expected power generation of 15,128 GWh per year. Its planned generation capacity was later increased to 6,000 MW, through 16 generating units with 375 MW nominal capacity each. The expected power generation was estimated at 15,692 GWh per year. In 2017, the design was again changed to add another 450 MW for a total of 6,450 MW, with a planned power generation of 16,153 GWh per year. That was achieved by upgrading 14 of the 16 generating units from 375 MW to 400 MW without changing the nominal capacity. According to a senior Ethiopian official, on 17 October 2019, the power generation capacity of the GERD is now 5,150 MW, with 13 turbines (2x 375 MW and 11x 400 MW) down from 16 turbines.### Response:
|
Based on the information provided in the input, the expected power generation on the latest design of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is 16,153 GWh per year.</s>
|
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2
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:When was Mar-a-Lago built?### Input:Mar-a-Lago was built for businesswoman and socialite Marjorie Merriweather Post, former owner of General Foods Corporation, between the years 1924 to 1927. At the time of her death in 1973, Post bequeathed the property to the National Park Service, hoping it could be used for state visits or as a Winter White House, but because the costs of maintaining the property exceeded the funds provided by Post, and because it was difficult to secure the facility (as it is located in the flight path of Palm Beach Airport), the property was returned to the Post Foundation by an act of Congress in 1981.### Response:
|
Mar-a-Lago was built between 1924 and 1927 for businesswoman and socialite Marjorie Merriweather Post.</s>
|
[
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Given this paragraph, how big are the non-volley zones in pickleball and where are they located?### Input:The appearance of a pickleball court, and the manner of play, resembles tennis, but the court is the size of a doubles badminton court, less than a third the size of a tennis court. Court lines and rules are specific to pickleball and include two 7-foot areas (2.1 m) on either side of the net known as the non-volley zones, where the ball cannot be hit with the paddle unless the ball bounces first. The official rules specify side-out scoring, where only the serving team can score a point. All serves are made with an underhand stroke. The hard plastic ball used in pickleball produces significantly less bounce than softer flexible balls, such as a tennis ball. The minimal bounce combined with the non-volley zone and underhand serve give the game dynamic pace and strategy ranging from soft dink shots that stay within the two non-volley zones to powerful drive shots and overhead smash shots. To minimize any advantage the serving or receiving side might have at the beginning of the game, the ball must bounce once on each side of the net before either team may volley the ball, which is to hit the ball in the air before it bounces.### Response:
|
The non-volley zones in pickleball are 7 feet (2.1 meters) wide and are located on either side of the net.</s>
|
[
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2625,
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7787,
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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Where is Lugașu de Jos### Input:Lugașu de Jos (Hungarian: Alsólugos, Slovak: Lugaše) is a commune in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania with a population of 3,580 people. It is composed of three villages: Lugașu de Jos, Lugașu de Sus (Felsőlugos) and Urvind (Örvénd).### Response:
|
Lugașu de Jos is located in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania.</s>
|
[
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315,
374,
30065,
1648,
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423,
29889,
2
] |
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Where is Smuggler Cove Shell Midden located?### Input:The Smuggler Cove Shell Midden (Smithsonian trinomial: 35TI46) is an archeological site located in Oswald West State Park near Neahkahnie Beach, Oregon, United States. First documented by archeologists in 1976, the midden has been found to contain remains of mussels, barnacles, and chiton to a depth of approximately 30 centimeters (12 in). Radiocarbon dating of a single sample of shell debris indicates that the Smuggler Cove campsite was occupied around 1660 CE, approximately the same date as the supposed wreck of a European ship at nearby Nehalem Spit, suggesting the site may preserve information from both before and after first contact between local people and Europeans. The site has been heavily damaged by construction of recreational facilities and coastal erosion, but a significant portion remains with potential to contribute to future research. Data generated from the site may help answer questions related to environmental change in the Oregon Coast region, settlement and subsistence patterns, emergence of ethnographic patterns among coastal people, the change in cultural patterns from before to after contact with European Americans, and other topics.### Response:
|
The Smuggler Cove Shell Midden is located in Oswald West State Park near Neahkahnie Beach, Oregon, United States. It is an archeological site that contains remains of mussels, barnacles, and chiton to a depth of approximately 30 centimeters (12 in). Radiocarbon dating of a single sample of shell debris indicates that the site was occupied around 1660 CE, around the same time as the supposed wreck of a European ship at nearby Nehalem Spit. The site has been damaged by construction of recreational facilities and coastal erosion, but a significant portion remains with potential to contribute to future research. Data generated from the site may help answer questions related to environmental change in the Oregon Coast region, settlement and subsistence patterns, emergence of ethnographic patterns among coastal people, the change in cultural patterns from before to after contact with European Americans, and other topics.</s>
|
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310,
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1156,
6958,
411,
7824,
23035,
29892,
322,
916,
23820,
29889,
2
] |
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.### Instruction:Who was the first couple to win the Nobel prize?### Input:Marie Salomea Skłodowska–Curie (/ˈkjʊəri/ KURE-ee, French pronunciation: [maʁi kyʁi], Polish pronunciation: [ˈmarja skwɔˈdɔfska kʲiˈri]; born Maria Salomea Skłodowska, Polish: [ˈmarja salɔˈmɛa skwɔˈdɔfska]; 7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934) was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person to win a Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two scientific fields. Her husband, Pierre Curie, was a co-winner of her first Nobel Prize, making them the first-ever married couple to win the Nobel Prize and launching the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes. She was, in 1906, the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris.### Response:
|
The first couple to win the Nobel prize was Marie Curie and her husband Pierre Curie, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 for their pioneering work on radioactivity.</s>
|
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29323,
3241,
664,
373,
7155,
10072,
29889,
2
] |
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