Question: How does Google Stadia or other gaming streaming services work?

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 How does Google Stadia or other gaming streaming services work?

The game, is run normally on a machine in one of Google's (or whoever's) data-center. Your computer sends it your inputs (so controller/mouse movements and button presses) which are fed into the game. The server then sends you the video stream of the game, just like youtube or netflix does. The big challenge is getting the response time (so the time between you pressing a button and the video of the game reacting to your input) low enough for the game to be playable.


Question: Why do coins have “heads” and “tails”?

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 Why do coins have “heads” and “tails”?

It’s kind of unclear but British coins (namely the 10 pence piece) have the Queen’s head on one side and a lion with a raised tail on the other. The Romans used to call the game ‘navia aut caput’ (Ship and head) because one side depicted a ship while the other depicted the Emperor’s head


Question: How does rubbing alcohol kill what is harmful while not hurting the living body?

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 How does rubbing alcohol kill what is harmful while not hurting the living body?

Alcohol will indiscriminately kill cells regardless of whether they are good or not. It works by dissolving the cell membrane which will result in cell death. Your skin, for example, consists of many layers of dead skin cells. If you get rubbing alcohol on your skin, you won't notice much happening because the cells the alcohol comes in contact with are already dead. If you were to pour it on an open wound you'd notice how painful it feels - that's because healthy cells are dying. You may also notice a similar effect when drinking strong alcohol since the cells lining your mouth/throat/esophagus are not (as far as I know) comprised of layers of dead cells, and so health cells are directly in contact with the alcohol.


Question: Whats the difference between a band and a singer with musicians?

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 Whats the difference between a band and a singer with musicians?

This is a great question but there really are no great answers. The gray areas between singer/band and band/singer and band/band have been a legal and personal minefield for bands and musicians going back decades. [Tom Petty]( URL_5 ) and the Heartbreakers. A singer, Tom Petty, with a band named [The Heartbreakers]( URL_4 ). Seems simple. But the reality is not so simple. Over the years Tom Petty was the obvious and most visible member. Among the Heartbreakers people came and went. They had more stability than some other bands, but people get tired of being on the road, have personality clashes and other disagreements. Life changes, like marriage or a new child, all those and more take their toll. You mention [Ozzy]( URL_6 ) specifically. Ozzy was lead singer for Black Sabbath. They fired him and continued, hiring an ever changing roster of singers for 20 years or so. They remained Black Sabbath. Ozzy embarked as a solo artist. In the first few years he tried to maintain some consistency among his band members. But that quickly broke down. The death of his young guitarist Randy Rhoads is a seminal point in the development of Ozzy's career. They were in the middle of a tour and, after a 2 week hiatus, hired a temporary replacement for Rhoads, [Robert Sarzo]( URL_8 ). However, unknown to Sarzo and Ozzy, the record company had already replaced Randy Rhoads with another guitarist: [Bernie Torme.]( URL_1 ) This led to a bit of animosity and trouble during a time that was already filled with grief and fueled by drugs. Torme was a flop with fans and was finally replaced by Brad Gillis of [Night Ranger]( URL_15 ) to finish that tour. And Ozzy has had a revolving cast of musicians ever since, including [Jake E. Lee]( URL_11 ), [Zakk Wylde]( URL_9 ), and many many more. Now, to get back to the heart of the original question. Bands versus singers versus singers backed by bands. Many times, a band will experience phenomenal success at some point. And that can lead to a lot of jealousy and greed. Everyone in the band wants an equal share of the money which is not usually possible. The members who write the songs automatically receive a higher amount of royalty monies. The acrimony resulting from this disparity often leads to bad feelings and band members departing. However, the most recognizable part of a band is usually the lead singer. Without the lead singer, the band is generally not the same and worth nowhere the same value in records or touring. There are some exceptions. [Van Halen]( URL_14 ) famously replaced David Lee Roth with Sammy Hagar and went on to become even more successful. The sound changed, and some fans were unhappy, but new fans filled the empty spaces. [Pink Floyd]( URL_0 ) decided they wanted to be a 'pure' rock band at some point. That is, no pianos or keyboards. Which rendered Richard Wright expendable. He was kicked out of the band. Or was he? He was still 'in' the band to the extent that they needed him to play some of their biggest hits. The next tour, The Wall, was a fabulously expensive mess. Pink Floyd insisted that Wright would be paid per show, rather than a percentage like the other members. He was paid, iirc, 100k per show. The Wall tour lost a gigantic amount of money. Thus, Richard Wright was the only member to make a profit. Now, on to the intricacies of bands that are past their heyday but can still make a fortune by touring: My final examples will include Scorpions and Monster Magnet and Molly Hatchet. [Scorpions]( URL_3 ) roster has depleted a bit over the years. They had people retire, get tired of touring and so on. The current drummer for Scorpions is paid on an annual contract of around 100k. This sounds like a large amount of money, but when compared to being an original member, well, that's working for peanuts. But James Kottak, the new drummer, had nothing to do with the Scorpions success in the 70's, 80's, or 90's. He was hired so they could keep touring and his value was not equated in terms of a founding member. [Monster Magnet]( URL_12 ) is of interest because, like The Scorpions, they lack many of the founding members. In fact, the only original member is the singer, Dave Wyndorf. With total control over Monster Magnet, Dave is probably making more money than at any point in his career. Because he can hire back up musicians to play the music at a much lower salary than the original members. And finally, [Molly Hatchet]( URL_2 ). These guys have been together since 1971. Or have they? My last check up on the band showed that not ONE original member remained. This may have changed. But during that period, the band members were replaced at such a pace that no one could keep up. They still tour though, still play the songs, and still claim to be Molly Hatchet. They are the Ship of Theseus of rock bands. They have replaced all the members of the band over a period of time. Yet they still exist. So, you see, it is not so easy to see the differences between the singer, the band, and especially the names they give themselves. For more interesting reading, check out [YES]( URL_7 ), [Queensryche]( URL_16 ), [Warrant]( URL_13 ), [Ratt]( URL_10 ), The [Zombies]( URL_17 ), and many more.


Question: Why do people require less sleep the older they get?

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 Why do people require less sleep the older they get?

Well, for one thing, that's not the case. Elderly people require as much sleep as a toddler, about 12 hrs. But as we reach adulthood, our bodies stop growing larger and our brains are developing new neural pathways at a much slower rate. We require less sleep because we do not need as many hours of rest for producing the large volume of hormones and their resultant tissue formation. As we age, our bodies are less efficient at producing hormones and tissues, and we require more tissue repair, so we need more sleep to maintain our bodies.


Question: What makes ‘permanent’ markers more permanent than regular markers?

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 What makes ‘permanent’ markers more permanent than regular markers?

It’s based on how you make the marker ink. Permanent markers have something in the ink that makes the ink stick to surfaces better and hard to remove with water. Non-permanent markers don’t have that extra sticky solution and is made in a way where you can clean it easily with water. An ELI15 answer is that markers are made with a dye dissolved in an organic solvent. If the solvent is water-soluble, it’s not permanent. If the solvent is made with a non-water-soluble solution, it’s “permanent”. Sometimes, to make it more permanent, they also include a polymer in the mixture that binds the ink to the surface better.


Question: Why does exposing burned skin to cold (like running water or a cold compress) makes the burn milder? Didn't the damage already occur?

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 Why does exposing burned skin to cold (like running water or a cold compress) makes the burn milder? Didn't the damage already occur?

So if you cook a turkey you rest the turkey to let carryover cooking increase the internal temperature of the bird. Your skin is like that. If I raise the top layers of your skin to 100 degrees it will begin to increase the temperature of the layers below it. By putting cold water on the burn you are ensuring only the layers that were effected get to a temperature that will damage cells. A burn isn't just touching a high temperature, duration and carry over heat increase the overall energy transfer.


Question: Why do eggs only have that egg smell when they are hard boiled?

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 Why do eggs only have that egg smell when they are hard boiled?

It’s actually only if they are boiled too long or too high. Do the quick boil — > reduce heat — > cover and steam for 10-15 minutes thing. Problem solved and no green yolks! edit: Didn’t really explain! When iron from the yolk reacts with hydrogen sulfide from the whites, it creates a sulfury smell because of the ferrous sulfide that builds up. Also, it’s why it turns green then gray.


Question: What is the twelve-tone technique in music?

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 What is the twelve-tone technique in music?

The 12 tone technique is an example of **serialism**: a set of strict rules for composing music by making a series of things--pitches, rhythms, accents, etc.--and using that series as the basic building block for a larget piece of music. **12 tone music** is what you get when you apply that basic idea specifically to pitches, using every pitch available once. The basic method goes like this: 1. Create a "tone row" by putting each of the 12 pitches in the chromatic scale in some order of your choosing. Use each pitch exactly once. 2. Create 3 other tone rows from the original: the retrograde (backwards), the inversion (upside down), and the retrograde-inversion (backwards and upside down). 3. Transpose each of your tone rows so that they can start on any of the 12 pitches while maintaining the same interval structure--i.e., transpose your rows up a half step, then a whole step, etc. 4. This creates a big old matrix of usable rows. 5. Compose a piece of music using the available rows. This could be a simple piano piece, or a complex piece for an entire orchestra. There are all sorts of more-or-less strict rules you can apply to the composition, like you must avoid consonant intervals in your row, or in any resulting harmony, or you must use all 12 notes in a row before moving on to the next row. You can also omit things, like not allowing inversions/retrogrades. You can serialize other aspects of the music as well, such as rhythm, articulation, even the order you pick rows for your composition. There are countless variations. The 12 tone method creates music that is usually... difficult to listen to. It makes for a better thought experiment than a perfomance. The whole idea came and went pretty quickly in the history of music, but it's still taught in theory courses. It makes for a relatively simple case study in how one might go about applying strict rules to composition, and of approaches one might try in moving beyond standard tonality. Nobody actually likes it, but it's relatively easy to understand and easy to write an exam for.


Question: Is sugar a drug? Why or why not?

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 Is sugar a drug? Why or why not?

Depends on how you define drug. The simplist definition of a drug is anything that can have a chemical level effect on your body or body's metabolic processess. In that sense, yes it is. But more common and narrower definitions of drug tend to exclude things your body naturally needs to make metabolism work. So the typical four food substrates of fat, carbohydrated \(sugar\), protein, and fiber are not considered drugs because these are natural and needed for your body's basic metabolism to grow and continue to function. So no it's not.


Question: How does technology like an Apple Watch or Owlet Smart Sock track Blood Oxygen levels?

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 How does technology like an Apple Watch or Owlet Smart Sock track Blood Oxygen levels?

I’m not sure about the Apple Watch, but the owlet smart sock is a pulse oximeter. You have one side that emits light, and then a light sensor on the other side. You place a finger (or in the owlet’s case, a foot) between the light source and the sensor. Hemoglobin absorbs light, so they can tell the oxygen saturation based on how much light the sensor picks up on the other side of the finger (or foot).


Question: Why do our joints ache when the barometric pressure changes?

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 Why do our joints ache when the barometric pressure changes?

Where two ends of the bones meet, they form a synovial joint. Basically a sac encloses the joint with fluid inside called synovial fluid. Low barometric pressure can increase the pressure inside of the synovial joint, indirectly increasing pressure on the ends of the bones. EDIT: Someone rightfully corrected me, low pressure will cause the pain not high.


Question: Before surgery was possible, what did people do if they tore their ACL?

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 Before surgery was possible, what did people do if they tore their ACL?

ACL tears are very painful. However, once you get over the acute injury, it is possible to function without surgery. The main problem is long term instability of the knee which can lead to it giving way sometimes (especially when twisting on a planted foot) and increased wear and tear. But yes, conservative management (usually rest, support and physiotherapy/rehabilitation) is possible and still occurs today fairly regularly, especially in those that are older, don't do sports or don't want surgery, and they function relatively okay.


Question: What are the main issues with Nuclear Power and why do the majority of people have a problem with it?

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 What are the main issues with Nuclear Power and why do the majority of people have a problem with it?

By far the biggest concern is nuclear waste. There are varying types of nuclear power, and some produce waste that is less dangerous than others, but all produce at least some dangerous waste, and that waste continues to be dangerous for thousands or even millions of years. But realistically, the waste produced find nuclear power plants is far easier to deal with than the waste produced by burning fossil fuels, if for no other reason than there is far less of it and is much easier to contain. So the fears about nuclear power are largely overblown.


Question: why do our brains briefly obsess over things we like a lot? Like a book, tv series, or video game? What’s the chemistry behind obsessing over a thing we like?

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 why do our brains briefly obsess over things we like a lot? Like a book, tv series, or video game? What’s the chemistry behind obsessing over a thing we like?

A good friend of mine wrote an article on it I’m not 100% convinced of the science behind it but it makes sense. URL_0 Monotropism is the deep focus you are experiencing, thoughts are like channels carved in your mind, obsession is your train of thought going down a channel that runs deep.


Question: How does a loading bar work?

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 How does a loading bar work?

It can be done in many ways. Having multiple whole images of of the loading bar at various percentages is common. But just as common is generating it programmatically - describing it, not as whole lot of pixels, but as a drawing - a rectangle with rounded corners, and a thick line with sharp corners for the progress bar. Another way is having two images or animations, one of the full progress bar, one of the empty, layering the full one over the empty one, and only revealing the leftmost part of the full one, progressively revealing more of it as time progresses. More interesting is the logic for guessing how far through a procedure you are. Parts of the process will go faster than others, and some of it will be unpredictable. For instance, when Windows copies files, it only knows the number of files it has. If the first files were large, it will predict that this will take days, until it hits the lots of short files at the end and if finishes quickly. Now, you can fix this by checking the sizes of all those files when you start, but that takes lots of time. So you have to trade off better accuracy in your estimate against time taken.


Question: Why do fragrance ads make no sense ? What is the marketing strategy in doing so ?

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 Why do fragrance ads make no sense ? What is the marketing strategy in doing so ?

Perfume has to be one of the hardest things to market directly. Let's compare it with food. You can market food because even though you can't taste the food, the other senses inspire the memory of taste. You can see how good food looks, you can see the juices run down a steak, or the fizzing in a bottle of Coke. You can hear the sound of someone munching down on chips, or that "aah" exclamation someone makes after drinking a refreshing beverage. All these sensory inputs will make us taste the food in our minds, without physically tasting it. Perfume has none of that. It is a mostly clear liquid without any other essential characteristics. The only way to market perfume is to try and come up with a visual experience with what perfume inspires. Thus, these commercials look artistic and hip. Perfume smells like what a beautiful person looks like, so they use good looking actors. Perfume smells like romance, adventure, lust, so the commercials have those elements.


Question: Why does a full circle equal 360 degrees?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a full circle equal 360 degrees?

The 360 degree circle actually started with the base 60 number system, developed by the Mesopotamians, 6000 years ago. They then passed that on to the Egyptians, who used the base 60 numbering system to divide the circle into 6 equilateral triangles (the Egyptians loved, and I mean loved, equilateral triangles). They also developed a calendar based on the 360 degree circle, which is actually quite accurate, considering that it's only 5.25 days off of the current calendar that we use.


Question: This slide puzzle—if every piece can move individually of each other, and occupy each of the 16 separate spaces, how can the puzzle have impossible-to-solve solutions like the ones shown in the picture?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 This slide puzzle—if every piece can move individually of each other, and occupy each of the 16 separate spaces, how can the puzzle have impossible-to-solve solutions like the ones shown in the picture?

Consider a 2x2 version with the numbers 1, 2 and 3. Assume the starting position is [[1 2] [3 Empty]]. No matter what moves you make, the 1 2 and 3 will always be in clockwise order. There’s no way to move it to [[2 1] [3 Blank]]. for example. For larger boards, the same kind of thing happens. It is impossible to swap just two tiles while leaving the rest of the tiles in the same position. So if your position can be changed to a position where only the 1 and 2 are swapped, the position cannot be solved.


Question: how do solar panels work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 how do solar panels work?

Hi, This is a great question as solar cells require quite an elaorate design to work well. If you would like more information, I recommend checking out URL_0 , it has information on all aspects of solar cell design and function. Solar cells work because they are made of a special material, called a semiconductor (such as silicon), which possesses a bandgap. Electrons in any solid material can only behave in certain ways which are governed by the atomic level geometry of the material (i.e. its crystal structure, the exact position of the atoms that form the crystal). One of the restrictions that the crystal structure places on electrons is their allowed energies. In material with a bandgap, some energies are not allowed at all, no electron could ever have an energy in the bandgap. In solar cells, the incident light carries enough energy to move an electron across the bandgap. At any given moment, only a few electrons will ever be across the bandgap, which makes it very easy for them to move around. These high energy electrons can exit the semiconductor completely through connected wires, and this is the source of power that solar cells provide, high energy electrons. It's a lot more complicated than this but basically you collect the Sun's energy by giving it to electrons, which you then send through wires to power whatever you like.


Question: How do payment processors like MasterCard and Visa compete with each other? Why would I, layperson buying groceries, care?

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 How do payment processors like MasterCard and Visa compete with each other? Why would I, layperson buying groceries, care?

This is actually a fairly interesting topic. Visa and Mastercard to compete for your use of their cards. When signing up for a new credit card, you may not look at whether its a visa or mastercard that you are getting since they are often so widespread, but they do impact what you do look at: card rewards. Credit card rewards generally get the money needed to find them by the use of the credit card interchange fee. This is a hidden fee levied on a per transaction basis onto the store you are buying from, is often 1% to 3% depending on class of card. This does not go to mastercard or visa, another smaller fee does. This fee goes to the bank who assigned you this card. This produces a balance that needs to be struck here. Banks want more customers, so they compete with eachother by giving greater rewards, funded by the interchange fee. Raise the interchange fee too high, companies will stop accepting your card or deincentives its use because it eats into their profits. But if you don't raise the interchange fee for banks, banks will go to the other payment processor and ask them to raise the interchange fee. This means your competitor gets more cards and as a result more income instead of you. This has become a bit of a problem lately since interchange fees have constantly been going up as a result. Kroger for instance stopped accepting Visa for a brief period last year due to high fees. This has largely resulted in a bit of a hidden corporate war currently playing out to figure out how to handle payment processing with all of this in mind.


Question: How is electricity generated? Is there any difference between solar and coal?

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 How is electricity generated? Is there any difference between solar and coal?

Electricity can be generated in many ways, but in all cases it is about creating a difference in voltage. Just like gravity causes things with mass to move from high places to low places, the "electric field" causes things with electric charge to move between different voltages. (And "moving charge" is electricity.) The most common way to generate electricity is by somehow moving a magnet, which creates a voltage difference nearby. A typical electric generator is basically a series of spinning magnets surrounded by wires - an electric motor working backwards. Coal, natural gas, oil, and even nuclear power plants are just big steam engines for spinning magnets, just using different heat sources to create the steam. Some forms of solar power are the same as well, just using focused light as their heat source. Wind mills and dams are also spinning generators, but they use the direct force of the wind and water rather than steam engines. Solar panels are *not* the same - they use an entirely different principle. The ELI5 version is that the light knocks electrons loose from the panel, which is arranged so that they can only "fall" back in one direction, causing a net flow. In the same way that a generator is a motor working backwards, these are basically LED lights working backwards.


Question: When people say "put ice on it to stop swelling", isn't that bad because swelling is your bodies way of fixing it?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 When people say "put ice on it to stop swelling", isn't that bad because swelling is your bodies way of fixing it?

Swelling helps to get more blood to the area, and in turn more immune cells and faster damage repair. But it can be an issue in and of itself, on top of being very painful. The body's immune system and healing capabilities usually overreact. Fevers get too high, you get sometimes debilitating sickness from something as simple as a cold, etc. Reducing the swelling is just like reducing a fever or getting rid of a headache: your body will heal just fine without the symptoms, if a tiny bit slower, and you'll be a good deal less miserable while it's doing so.


Question: Why does life (and viruses) "want" to self replicate?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does life (and viruses) "want" to self replicate?

As a header, life doesn't want anything. All systems will tend towards an equilibrium. Imagine you're hitting a golfball around a field for a million years, and there's a single rabbit hole somewhere in that field. Odds are the ball will eventually wind up in that hole, and once it does it is going to stay there. The ball being in that hole is loosely analogous to life - it is something that is very unlikely but given enough time and the right circumstances it will eventually happen. As for why life is stable, that's sort of by definition. If it weren't stable, then it wouldn't be life. Plenty of little bits of molecules stuck together in the ocean over several million or billion or trillion years, but they all fell apart. The one that didn't fall apart and instead replicated itself by complete accident was the one that survived long enough to evolve into humans, who promptly named this self-sustaining process "life".


Question: How does country get richer through protectionism?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 How does country get richer through protectionism?

So the idea is that protectionism keeps profits inside your own country. I buy a car from Ford for $20,000, they spent $15,000 to make it, so they earn 5,000 in profit, and because they're an American company, that profit stays in America. I buy a car from Volkswagen for $20,000, they spent 15 to make it, so they earn 5,000 in profit, and that profit goes to Germany, because they're a German company. That sucks for America and is great for Germany. Protectionism could prevent this by putting tariffs on VW cars. VW cars would be more expensive, therefore I'd naturally buy a Ford instead, keeping the profits inside the US. This helps grow American companies too. Let's pretend Ford was an upstart company that just started making cars. For the first few years their cars will be shoddy and more expensive, because the company doesn't have experience and they need to pay off all the debt they acquired starting the company in the first place. Well no one's gonna buy these shoddy expensive cars when there's cheaper high-quality foreign cars they could buy. But if the government slaps a tariff on foreign cars, then American consumers *have* to buy the shoddy more expensive cars. This grows the American company into a mature company that can produce cheap and high-quality cars just like Germany. Then we can remove the tariff and have a free market again. Now, all of this is the *ideal* scenario for protectionism. Sometimes it works like this but sometimes it doesn't and actually makes everything worse. The first big problem with protectionism is *retaliation*. Go back to our previous example about the auto tariff. Germany's not just gonna lie down and take it. They're gonna slap a tariff on *our* products in retaliation. They'll put a tariff on American avocados from California. Oh no! Now most of the avocado companies are out of a business. They were an export-oriented business. So we may have done a favor for the American auto business, but we've done a disservice to the American avocado business. This tit-for-tat can theoretically go on indefinitely, to the common ruin of all. You won't import anything (good), but you won't be able to export anything either (very bad). The second problem is that any sort of cap on the free market like a tariff is essentially a brake on economic efficiency. You're intentionally hobbling yourself. If you put a tariff on foreign cars to force Americans to buy more expensive American cars, well those Americans are that much poorer now. They spent a few extra thousand on a more expensive car, and they now don't have that money to spend on other stuff. This is a deadweight loss to the consumer. Overall and in the long run, these losses *can* be canceled out by the boons protectionism provides to domestic industry which may trickle down to all as high-wage factory jobs or investor dividends or whatever, but in the short run it hurts. So you ask, would it be a disaster if some country from the former Eastern Bloc started to use protectionism. The answer, unsatisfying as it is, is that it depends. For a country like Russia, it would probably be a disaster. Russia is already highly industrialized and would benefit by getting their factories churning again and producing goods for export. Getting into a tariff tit-for-tat for them would be a disaster as they're already a heavily import-reliant economy. Romania was not quite as industrialized, so maybe they could benefit from some protectionism helping them grow their industrial base before they transition to a free-trade economy.


Question: How does Netflix and other services know I am using a VPN?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Netflix and other services know I am using a VPN?

It's easy to determine which company owns which IP address. When you use a VPN your IP is changed from the one you are using with your ISP to the one you are using with your VPN. If your vpn provider own their own pool of up addresses then it's easy to just block all the ip's belonging to that company. If your a smaller company and you are using your providers IP address pool then you are going to have to explain why you need so many IP's (IPv4 addresses are scarece these days, my provider charges me a premium for them basically so I only use what I need) or why you need to change them so often. That can you look very unfavourable and they might just drop you as a company completely. This game has already been played with email spam. So providers are always wondering why you want to change your servers IPs so often. Now IPv6 have a huge address space, but people like NetFlix will just blacklist the block of IPv6 addresses you have instead of just the single address (something very similar happened on Wikipedia recently, a single troll (we presume) was using T-mobile to vandalise Wikipedia, after a number of warnings and the like they just blocked the entire block of IPv6 addresses customers use to connect to the net from editing content on Wiki). NetFlix are contractually obliged to region lock certain content. So looking for patterns such as a large amount of content being served to a small range of IPs with many different logins looks fishy (if that's not a residential ISP) can flag those addresses for closer inspection, and then you wonder "Why does this server siting in a datacenter login as 50 different NetFlix users and consume a fuck ton of content compared to the average user?" Just block it and get the owner of the IP to come to you and ask for it to be unblocked.


Question: Why does time seem to pass much quicker the older we get?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does time seem to pass much quicker the older we get?

When we are 1 year old that one year is our whole life. Then when we turn 2 that year was half our life. When we turn 20 that year was 1/20th of our life. When we turn 50 that year was a mere 1/50th of our life. The longer we live, comparing one year to our whole life, that one year is a lot less.


Question: what is it about certain songs that helps me push harder through a workout than I otherwise would not be able to do?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is it about certain songs that helps me push harder through a workout than I otherwise would not be able to do?

Your brain has, somewhere along the line made a positive correlation to that beat, rhythm, series of notes. That Song, or others similar, has your brain mimicking the same response as it did when you developed that positive correlation. Perhaps it the same type of song that was playing in a movie that inspired you when you were younger, or the type of music that was playing when you and you parents had dance parties in your living room or another positive memory from your past buried in your subconscious. Just like listening to sad music can have the same effect. Curious to note that not all people will universally find a "happy" song happy, or a melancholy song sad. It illicit's an emotional response derived from your sympathetic nervous system that engages you physically in the form of accelerated heart rate, increased breathing, blood flow and excitability.


Question: How share dividends constantly pay out money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How share dividends constantly pay out money?

When you own shares, you own a piece of the company. You are therefore entitled to a piece of the company’s profits. Your share of the profits is proportional to the share of the company you own. If you own 1% of a company’s shares, you will get 1% of its profits. Dividends are your share of the profits, paid out at regular intervals during the year (or annually). Note: Sometimes a company won’t pay out any or some of its profit in a given time period, as it chooses to invest its profit back into the business. So the share of profit you receive as a dividend is technically a share of the profit the company decides to distribute to shareholders (not necessarily a share of total profit, some of which may be reinvested into the business).


Question: If calories are a form of measuring energy, how does eating too many calories translate to weight gain over time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If calories are a form of measuring energy, how does eating too many calories translate to weight gain over time?

Calories are burned for energy. Think of it less like energy and more like fuel. Fuel has to be stored when its not in use. Calories are stored as fat for later when its not needed right now. So imagine fat as a wearhouse full of 50 gallon drums of fuel. If you est more than you burn, your body throws it in a drum and stores it where ever theres room.


Question: Why do different brands of water taste different?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do different brands of water taste different?

Drinking water has some level of salts and minerals dissolved in it that give it a flavor. Tap water from different locations will taste different, as will different brands of bottled water, because they have a different concoction of trace minerals in the water. Pure H2O like distilled water tastes terrible.


Question: Why does leaving something in the sun fade the color?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does leaving something in the sun fade the color?

Yo ho ho! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Why does leaving something out in the open dull the color? What is that darned sun up to? ]( URL_0 ) ^(_3 comments_) 1. [ELI5 why Colors Fade in sunlight? What actually happens to the color? Does it dissipate into the air somehow? ]( URL_5 ) ^(_19 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Why do the colours on paper or card fade when left in sunlight for very long periods of time? ]( URL_1 ) ^(_5 comments_) 1. [ELI5:Why does the color of an object fade after being exposed to sunlight for a long period of time? ]( URL_6 ) ^(_3 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Why does sunlight fade colors? ]( URL_2 ) ^(_17 comments_) 1. [ELI5 why does the sun make things fade (i.e. chairs and paint) but tans our skin? ]( URL_4 ) ^(_2 comments_) 1. [ELI5: How/why do colors fade (ex. house siding) from the sun? ]( URL_3 ) ^(_3 comments_)


Question: Why is ice so slippery?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 Why is ice so slippery?

According to live science: > A century and a half of scientific inquiry has yet to determine why ice can make you fall down. Scientists agree that a thin layer of liquid water on top of solid ice causes its slipperiness, and that a fluid's mobility makes it difficult to walk on, even if the layer is thin. But there's no consensus as to why ice, unlike most other solids, has such a layer. > > Theorists have speculated that it may be the very act of slipping making contact with the ice that melts its surface. Others think the fluid layer is there before the slipper ever arrived, and is somehow generated by the inherent motion of surface molecules. & #x200B;


Question: Why does music give you more energy/stamina when exercising?

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 Why does music give you more energy/stamina when exercising?

Research on this subject began in 1911 when a researcher named Leonard Ayres found that cyclists pedaled faster while a band was playing than when it was silent. Two of the most important qualities of workout music are tempo—or speed—and what psychologists call rhythm response, which is more or less how much a song makes you want to dance. Most people have an instinct to match their movements with music—to nod their heads, tap their toes or break out in dance. The type of music that produces this effect varies from culture to culture. Fast songs with strong beats are especially stimulating. Music also increases stamina by fueling people with strong emotions. Certain songs open the mental floodgates with which people control their emotions in everyday life. If someone strongly identifies with the singer's emotions or perspective, the song becomes all the more motivational.


Question: Are we able to make edible products from the sap of trees other than the maple tree?

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 Are we able to make edible products from the sap of trees other than the maple tree?

Yes! Birch sap is probably the most popular, used to make birch beer and other drinks. You can also make a wintergreen-like candy out of it. The resin or sap of pine trees can be chewed like a gum, or mixed with water for a pine-y tea. Many other trees produce edible sap, like sycamore or walnut, which can be boiled into a syrup - it's just not as plentiful and perhaps not as tasty as maple.


Question: How can we possibly even consider space travel when small rocks travelling through space will surely smash into the transport vehicle?

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 How can we possibly even consider space travel when small rocks travelling through space will surely smash into the transport vehicle?

The density of debris in space is *incredibly* low. Most things sent through space don't collide with anything, and won't collide with anything for thousands of years. Nevertheless, engineers have been designing shields that would be effective against the most likely kinds of (rare) debris: bits the size of sand grains.


Question: What does "±" symbol mean?

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 What does "±" symbol mean?

It basically means "plus or minus". In this context, it looks like they're using it to mean "approximately" as in "give or take a couple years". Under more typical circumstances though, it would be used to indicate a range. For example, if it said 16±2 years, then it could mean anywhere between 14 and 18 years of education (ranging from 16-2 to 16+2 years). In sciences, the symbol is frequently used to express tolerance or statistical margins of error in measurements (i.e. indicating a range of possible values). In mathematics, it can indicate that a value may result from either an addition or subtraction operation, or that a given value can be either positive or negative.


Question: How did the US lose Vietnam War despite winning the more challenging and more dangerous World War II?

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 How did the US lose Vietnam War despite winning the more challenging and more dangerous World War II?

The *form* of warfare was different. It wasn't just two countries fighting each other directly, attempting to defeat the enemy forces and occupy territory. In Vietnam, the war was mainly fought over control of *South Vietnam*. North Vietnam was attempting to annex control over South Vietnam, and was using a combination of its own forces sneaking into the South, as well as the assistance of local Southern forces known as the National Liberation Front (Viet Cong). The United States was attempting to assist the Southern government in crushing these local rebels and the armed incursions by the North into Southern territory. But they got bogged down fighting a guerrilla war that the Americans and South Vietnamese were not equipped to win. There's a couple reasons for this. First, the South Vietnamese government was extremely unpopular. Perhaps not the majority, but a sizeable minority of the population were openly supportive of the NLF and wanted the North to win. They were willing to provide cover and assistance to the NLF and Northern troops. And of the rest of the population that were not supportive of the NLF and the North, still the majority of them were not supporters of the government. They were mainly composed of Buddhists angry at Catholic-minority control of the government, and other anti-government factions. These people were not happy to be drafted into the Southern military, and the Southern forces were plagued by low morale, desertion, poor training, and corruption. Second, the resolve and the manpower of the North and the NLF were nearly inexhaustible. The US committed massive bombing of North Vietnam throughout the war to pressure them to exit the war, but despite their heavy casualties (civilian and military), they were determined to rid all of Vietnam of what they saw as a continuation of colonial rule in the US-backed Southern regime. And in the South, US forces inflicted heavy casualties consistently against NLF and Northern forces, but no matter how many they killed, there were always more to replace them. Looking at the entirety of Vietnam, the strong majority of the population supported the NLF and the Northern government. There were always more young boys and girls willing to fight and die against foreign forces in their country. World War 2 was simply an entirely separate beast. It was not a guerrilla war.


Question: How much "power" does Jared Kushner actually have?

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 How much "power" does Jared Kushner actually have?

Presidents have an unimaginably wide range of responsibilities. They can't possibly attend to every one at once, so they have to choose which ones they want to focus on and which ones to delegate to their advisors and cabinet. To answer your question, Kushner has as much power as President Trump delegates to him.


Question: what’s the difference between a virus and a bacteria ?

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 what’s the difference between a virus and a bacteria ?

A bacteria is a living, breathing thing. It eats, it reacts, it wiggles around, it makes babies. It's the crudest form of life - a single cell with only the most basic functions - but it is alive. A virus is more sinister. A protein and gene sequence shell that has a single purpose: hijack a cell and order it to make copies of the virus. They have no other parts or functions and aren't "alive" by most definitions of the word. Bacteria are the cheapest computers you can buy, a virus is a USB stick loaded with malware.


Question: What is the purpose of mutual funds? How do they work?

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 What is the purpose of mutual funds? How do they work?

Imagine you have some extra money lying around. You don't really know what to do with it right now, but you would like to do something productive with that money so that in the end you have some more money. That's the main idea of investing. However, you don't know where to put that money where it could make more money. You could buy some small part of a company, but you don't know what companies are good. You might want to buy some ressources, like oil or gold, but you don't know how and when and where. You also don't have to time to find out about all that. You could hire an expert for that, but he would demand more money for that than you could earn from your small investment. So what you do is get together with lots of people similar to you and pool all your investment money together. Now you have a large pile of money that everyone owns a small part of. However, for this large pile, it suddenly becomes possible to hire an expert. This expert, a funds manager, can now decide for all of you where to put all of your money where he believes it well generate the most money for all of you. He will use the money to buy and sell and reinvest the profits into whatever he considers profitable. (In the real world though, you don't really get together with other people. Rather, the funds manager will organise a fund and then invite people in. Many funds also have special rules, like how big the risks can be, or if certain companies are a no-no.) So the purpose is to enable people who want to invest, but don't have much money or knowledge, to actually invest money. For the manager, it's the same: Make money.


Question: Where do maggots actually come from?

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 Where do maggots actually come from?

Maggots come from fly eggs. In your particular case, I see two possibilities for how the eggs got on the chicken. I’m a little unclear from your post if you finished cooking the chicken or not. If you didn’t, the possibilities are: one, either flies landed on the chicken and laid eggs while it was still being packaged, before being placed on a refrigerated truck and taken to the grocery store where you bought it and presumably took it back to cook, and at some point the eggs thawed out and voila, maggots. The second or only possibility if you did cook the chicken is that flies got into the oven and laid eggs. This is not that far-fetched since flies can be very small and all ovens are vented to allow hot air to escape rather than being perfectly sealed, which is why you can smell it when you’re cooking something in the oven. Also, that’s gross.


Question: how does gravity effect the amount of pain from falling. For example, how much less would it hurt to fall off a 20ft object while on the moon compared to falling from the same height on earth?

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 how does gravity effect the amount of pain from falling. For example, how much less would it hurt to fall off a 20ft object while on the moon compared to falling from the same height on earth?

Well, it's not the fall that gets you, it's the sudden stop at the end. On earth, objects accelerate "downwards" (that is, towards the earth) at about 9.8 meters per second per second. Called acceleration due to gravity. On the moon, acceleration due to gravity is about 1.6 m/s/s. So a fall on earth will get you to dangerously high speeds much soone than a fall on the moon. Granted, falling on the moon takes longer because of the reduced acceleration, but 20 ft isn't high enough to make a dangerous difference. And that's what determines the scope of your injury and agony: how fast you were going when you hit the ground. Check out this nifty calculator I found: URL_0


Question: How much coffee would I need to make a lethal cup of coffee?

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 How much coffee would I need to make a lethal cup of coffee?

* The LD50 of caffeine is 192 mg/kg. * An average cup of coffee has vaguely around 100 mg of caffeine. * Worldwide average body weight is 62.0 kg. * It would take 192 \* 62 = 11904 mg of caffeine to be lethal to 50% of people with average body weight. * It would take 11904 / 100 = **119 cups of coffee** to consume that much caffeine.