Question: Why do you feel tired after a 'heavy' meal?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do you feel tired after a 'heavy' meal?

It should happen for both. When you digest food, your body diverts more blood to your digestive system. The heavier the meal, the longer it is in this state. This is sort of related to the myth of tryptophan from Thanksgiving making you sleepy, when it's the amount of food, not tryptophan (which is in small amounts).


Question: What advantages do jet fuel (particularly "Jet A") offer over auto fuel like unleaded, diesel, etc?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What advantages do jet fuel (particularly "Jet A") offer over auto fuel like unleaded, diesel, etc?

Jet fuel has higher energy density than gasoline. It also is less easy to ignite than gasoline. This poor ignitability is not a problem when the fuel is used in turbines, and gives a considerable safety advantage over gasoline, especially in military planes. Finally, jet fuel is cheaper as it is largely kerosene based and kerosene makes up a rather large fraction of crude oil. When you measure your fuel load in tons a few cents per liter makes a difference.


Question: Why is vaping nicotine supposedly better for your health than smoking cigarettes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is vaping nicotine supposedly better for your health than smoking cigarettes?

Forget the nicotine, that is not what is bad about smoking. smoking is bad for you because of the chemistry that happens when you burn stuff. It's why people die from smoke inhalation during house fires. Smoking causes you to ingest all sorts of toxic chemicals. Not because they are put into cigarettes, but because they are created when you burn them.


Question: Why does it feel so great to take a hot shower even when it’s 90 plus degrees outside?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does it feel so great to take a hot shower even when it’s 90 plus degrees outside?

The biggest reason is even hot water is more cooling than hot air. The main mechanics of this is hot water evaporates easily, so it makes contact with your skin and takes some heat away as it evaporates quickly. Cold water will sit on the skin absorbing heat but not enough to evaporate as quickly as hot water. The secondary effect is hot water causes your body to open up all it's pores in an effort to keep it's internal temperature cool. This opening lasts a little after you've stepped out of the shower allowing got further cooling effects even after drying and cooling your skin by a couple more degrees. Whereas cold water would close the pores and hold heat in.


Question: How did we get back from the moon?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did we get back from the moon?

The lander and command module both had rockets on them. They of course could be a lot smaller as they have to launch much, much smaller objects and don’t have as large of a gravity well to overcome. [Video of the Apollo 17 lander leaving the moon.]( URL_0 ) [Picture of the Apollo Command module]( URL_1 ).


Question: If a nail is lying flat on the road, how is it that it appears to pierce your tire after running over it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If a nail is lying flat on the road, how is it that it appears to pierce your tire after running over it?

It might lie on the uneven surface in such a way that it is raised a bit in one end which can catch on your tire and get burried even further as you roll over it. It might be slightly bent which helps with this. Alternatively the tire itself might rise it up if you drive over the head first and the rubber of the tire pulls the top of the head towards it so that the pointed end rises up and enter the tire a bit further along.


Question: When something such as a blow dryer falls into a pool of water, why does it electrify the entire pool?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 When something such as a blow dryer falls into a pool of water, why does it electrify the entire pool?

When an electric circuit is introduced to an alternate path to its source, (in this case through the water as opposed to through the appliance heater or motor, a parallel path is created. It is not accurate to say that electicity follows the path of least resistance. I t follows every available path. The path with the least resistance will have the most current. A short cicuit occurs when an alternate path to current flow exists than has extremely low resistance, the electrical current flow is usually high enough to trip the circuit breaker or blow the fuse. In the case of the electrified water, the current flow is high enough to be lethal, yet not high enough to trip the circuit breaker. That is why in the US outlets located in bathrooms, kitchens and near pools and hot tubs have GFCI protection. If the GFCI senses any current leaving the normal path greater than 5 milliamps, it shuts the power off to the device.


Question: what will happen if I put a new battery alongside an almost dead battery in a toy or remote?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 what will happen if I put a new battery alongside an almost dead battery in a toy or remote?

It depends on the toy. If they are in parallel (both plus sides connected to each other, both minus sides connected to each other) you rapidly charge (or try to charge) the old one while rapidly discharging the new one. In the best case you just break the batteries, in the worst case you start a fire with toxic materials. Don't do that. If they are in series, the voltages just add. The toy might work or not depending on the toy and the batteries, but even if it works, it won't work long as the old battery will stop supplying a sufficient voltage quickly.


Question: Why is the reversible, and compact design of USB-C only made recently? Why couldn't they have used this design decades ago when they were designing USB-A?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the reversible, and compact design of USB-C only made recently? Why couldn't they have used this design decades ago when they were designing USB-A?

One of the other deals with this: USB was meant to be a replacement for SERIAL interfaces (Eg, RS232). It was a way to quickly transmit data that happened to also provide a little bit of power. Today, it's primarily used as a power source that happens to have a data exchange. In terms of transmitting information like RS232, USB was meant to be a semi-permanent, hot-swappable interface for things like mice, printers, keyboards, and gamepads. No one was thinking about charging phones. The USB-A and B ports were designed to be fairly strong on their own. USB C is a significantly "weaker" physical connection.


Question: How does gentrification push poor people out of neighborhoods?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does gentrification push poor people out of neighborhoods?

Your property rising in value isn't necessarily a good thing. It's good if you own it and want to sell it, sure. But if you want to keep owning it, it means you have to pay more in property taxes every year. If you *don't* own it, then it's even worse. It means your rent will go up, oftentimes so dramatically that you can no longer afford to live there.


Question: How do dimensions work and what does each one mean?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do dimensions work and what does each one mean?

A dimension is something that you need a single number to describe. This number can represent literally anything: the height of something, a length of time, the population of a city, the number of chickens on a farm, anything you can think of that can be represented by a single number could be a dimension. If you're working on a problem where you have to think about the populations of five different cities as they change over time, your problem is five-dimensional. When physicists talk about dimensions, they're usually talking specifically about dimensions that represent distances in space and lengths of time, but the basic idea is the same - how many numbers does it take to describe where and when something happens? In our everyday lives, we can see three dimensions of space and one dimension of time, which just means you need three numbers to tell you where something is and one number to tell you when it happens. You can see this on your GPS, which tells you your latitude, longitude, and altitude (three numbers for space) and the current time (one number). However, some physics theories need more than four dimensions. All that means is that in these theories, you need, say, 11 numbers to say where and when something happens - the familiar four, plus seven more. We don't yet know which, if any, of these theories is accurate, though, because the only experiments that can detect which one is correct need extreme energy levels or extremely sensitive instruments that are beyond current technology. The thing to remember is that the dimensions in these physics theories are, so far, just mathematical tools - the universe being five-dimensional is no more profound than the population of five cities being five-dimensional. There may be nice, intuitive meanings behind the dimensions, but they probably don't have anything to do with parallel universes or alternate histories or any other romantic explanations that non-physicists come up with.


Question: Why can't we just install Windows on consoles (xbox scorpio etc.) If they're so powerful to run hardware intensive games?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't we just install Windows on consoles (xbox scorpio etc.) If they're so powerful to run hardware intensive games?

Windows is designed to run on standard PC hardware. This makes certain assumptions about the CPU, how it's connected to the rest of the system, what's provided by BIOS/UEFI, built-in interfaces for everything from keyboards to clocks and a whole bunch of other stuff. They're basically built to be backwards compatible to the original IBM PC from 1981. Consoles don't need to bother with that. They're built with a single purpose, playing games & they can get better performance at lower costs by not being PCs - *that's what makes them consoles*. Another design goal is that consoles are *supposed* to be simpler than PCs. They're intentionally meant to be simpler, more stable & more secure at the expense of flexibility. On top of that, the cost of console hardware is subsidized because console manufacturers expect to make a certain amount of money back by licensing deals on games sold for the system. If you allow some sort of open OS, like Windows, people can install whatever they want without the manufacturer ever seeing a dime. The cost of the hardware would have to go up if this subsidy went away. At the end of the day, however, the XBox **does** run a trimmed down version of Windows at its core. You probably can't see or feel it as a user but, to the developers of games, they're very nearly the same as a desktop PC running Windows.


Question: How is a mineral formed and what causes it to be say iron, gold, or silver? What influences this?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is a mineral formed and what causes it to be say iron, gold, or silver? What influences this?

Welcome to chemistry! Long ago people had similar questions and it was often "why is this not gold" and "can we make it gold". This was called alchemy. Eventually we learned lots, and this was the foundation for chemistry. Stuff is made of atoms linked up together. There are about 100ish kinds of atoms. When you have stuff made of only one kind of atom, this is an element. Oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, silver, copper, gold, and platinum are examples of elements. You can't make one into another at home. You can think of them as basic stuff. Elements combined make molecules. H2O is water because it has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. You can, with energy, separate them. Elements are made with EXTREME pressure and heat. Like the kind at the core of stars. They can make elements only as heavy as iron... and then heavier of they explode in a supernova. So every bit of gold, silver, uranium, etc in the world is there because it was made in the core of a star going supernova.


Question: why do people feel emotionally attracted to someone, that they know they don’t know they exist? For example JaidenAnimations?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do people feel emotionally attracted to someone, that they know they don’t know they exist? For example JaidenAnimations?

This is called a parasocial relationship. Basically, the human brain really sucks at putting its emotions into context. When you watch a video by a youtuber or something, your brain basically ends up in the same state it goes into when interacting with friends, which means that it forms memories as if this youtuber were actually your friend, or even a potential romantic interest. And of course, because you are your brain, your brain doing this means you don't really have any choice in the matter - by the time you know it's happened it's already too late.


Question: So there is a popular notion that hitting water at 60mph is like hitting concrete, but they use water in the crash barriers at exits. Wouldn't that be the same as putting concrete in the barriers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 So there is a popular notion that hitting water at 60mph is like hitting concrete, but they use water in the crash barriers at exits. Wouldn't that be the same as putting concrete in the barriers?

When you do your 60mph belly flop the water you hit has nowhere to go. You are pushing down on the water and since there is more water underneath the water you hit it can't move out of the way. Some moves to the side, but most of it stays in place and it is like hitting a solid object. When you hit the safety barrier, that water goes straight up, plenty of room for it to get out of the way.


Question: How does automatic Hover Mode in Helicopters detect wether you are flying or standing still relative to the ground beneath you?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does automatic Hover Mode in Helicopters detect wether you are flying or standing still relative to the ground beneath you?

The Tello has vertical computer-vision sensors; it remembers what it looked like 'before' and if the image is offset it knows how to move it back into alignment. It works best when there is some high-contrast item within view -- if it is over a flat matte surface it doesn't work well. & #x200B; Which as I say that sounds quite a bit like the homing sensors of a missile; my how technology has advanced.


Question: How does stress affect the body?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does stress affect the body?

I'll go ahead and paraphrase a good ELI5 from a little while back. Your body hasn't adapted yet and still believes all bad things are the same as they were 5,000 years ago. So when you get stressed, be it yelled at by your boss or sitting in traffic when you have somewhere important to be, your body still thinks there's a bear in front of you. So your body starts producing various chemicals like adrenaline that increase your blood flow, raises your blood sugar levels, shifts blood from less critical places, etc. in preparation for you to fight the bear or run from it. That's good temporarily but if you don't end up running or fighting it just sits in your body and causes damage over time (digestive track problems, high blood pressure, etc.) which is why exercise is good. Tl;dr Sub-Conscious: BEAR! Conscious: No, no bear. Just traffic. Sub-Conscious: BEAR! Conscious: Ok, fine. (Go for jog after work) Ok. Bear gone now. Sub-Conscious: Bear gone? Conscious: Yes, bear gone. Relax. Sub-Conscious: Ok, bear gone.


Question: What is a good and simple analogy for the big freeze theory?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a good and simple analogy for the big freeze theory?

Imagine you put 1000 ants randomly onto a little patch of soil 1 foot square. They're close together, they can work together to achieve things, maybe they'll even establish a new colony. It's thriving with activity. But now imagine you can magically grow that square foot of soil at an ever-expanding rate. After an hour it's now 10ft square. The ants can still cross the distance and cooperate, it just takes them longer and uses more energy. After two hours it's a mile square. Maybe some ants are still working together here and there but most just got separated by distance and are wandering around alone. After three hours it's a thousand miles square. Now each ant is so far apart from it's neighbors that they'll likely never meet except in rare circumstances. After four hours it's a million miles square. The possibility that any two ants will ever meet and be able to do work together is vanishingly small. After five hours it's a hundred billion miles square. Each ant couldn't even cross the distance to the next ant if it walked for an entire lifetime. After six hours, all the ants are dead. Each one ran out of energy and just lay down on their separate, lonely, vast islands of isolation and expired. The whole scene is still. What was once thriving activity is now completely static and lifeless.


Question: If so many white-collar jobs involve learning on the job, was there any point to doing a degree?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If so many white-collar jobs involve learning on the job, was there any point to doing a degree?

If a job requires you to learn C on the job, but to learn C, you must already know A and B, then you need a degree to learn A and B before you can learn C. Most jobs are like this. You learn industry practices and new knowledge that you don't learn outside of working, but having existing knowledge help you learn that. There are jobs where you get a degree and its completely unrelated to the job meaning the degree was just to show that you're able to get through college


Question: What was the Mexican Revolution about?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What was the Mexican Revolution about?

Long story super short, the dictatorship of the president at that time was already on command for 35+ years, and with social injustices to lower classes, and taxes for things like having an extra window, the people decided to arm up. The president at the time "Porfirio Díaz", was in close relation to the European kingdoms, to wich I understand wanted us to be a kind of colony/ally, so they injected lots of money to the country in that era (train tracks all over the country, etc), hence the progress and advance in México of that years. Source: Am Mexican Edit: Typing


Question: How does the body know what vitamins and nutrients it needs, and when you eat food or vitamins, how does it get them to the right place?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the body know what vitamins and nutrients it needs, and when you eat food or vitamins, how does it get them to the right place?

Food and water go into your stomach, then intestines. Acids, [enzymes]( URL_0 ), and bacteria cause chemical reactions within the food and water, to break down the food to "nutrient" and vitamin molecules. The stomach and intestines are covered in blood vessels, and these blood vessels lead pretty much straight to the liver. All the usable nutrients are extracted from the stomach and intestines into the blood, and the liver then "processes" them to sugars and other molecules that the cells in your body can use. The "processed results" are put back in the blood, along with "waste chemicals". The blood carries all this stuff to *all the cells in your body*. Kidneys are tasked with removing the "waste chemicals" into your urine, and otherwise each cell in your body has its own mechanisms for absorbing "what it needs" from the blood. This includes oxygen from the lungs (also transported through the blood), and nutrients from the liver. Digestion waste from each cell, and respiration byproducts (carbon dioxide), go back in the blood and are transported around, with the kidneys acting as "filters" to extract the waste, and the lungs acting as "filters / rebreathers" to extract the carbon dioxide and bring in more oxygen. Heart pumps the blood all around.


Question: How did Germany become the economic backbone of Europe?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did Germany become the economic backbone of Europe?

Honestly it always has been. Large territory, large population, especially after reuinification. Even treaty of versailles payments didnt stop germany from far outpacing france in war recovery pre nazi era And then the allies dumping money (as well as having good leaders, labor force, intellectual community etc) into west germany made it a huge economy post ww2 as well


Question: What happens to someone’s money/bank account after they die?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens to someone’s money/bank account after they die?

Bank accounts are part of "the estate", that is, the sum of all the properties that the person owns. Once the person dies, the estate is distributed according to the person's will. If there is no will, typically most countries will have laws to distribute the properties as fairly as possible among the heirs (children, or other relatives which can include siblings, parents, in-laws, etc.). It's very rare for a person to have absolutely nobody, AND no will (some people decide to give stuff to charity or church or whatever, if they have nobody).


Question: How does pausing and resuming downloads work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does pausing and resuming downloads work?

The file being downloaded is a simple (GET) request. You open the connection, and read the incoming data (bytes) until the connection closes. You also know the size of the response from the beginning, that's how you have a percentage. For resuming the download request, you just do a "range" request: GET /download.zip HTTP/1.1 Host: URL_0 Range: bytes=0-1023 which skips the portion of the response you have already received. Though only the size of the file, and the validity of the incoming bytes is verified. If the server doesn't resume correctly or the response is not the exact same, you get a corrupted file. That's why hashing is being used for serious downloads (Firmware Updates etc.).


Question: Why do molocules have such long and difficult names?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do molocules have such long and difficult names?

Because they're descriptive! Carbon dioxide tells you there are two oxygens and one carbon Ethylmethylamine tells you you have one ethyl group, one methyl group, and an amine in the middle For many commonly used chemicals there are common names. Sodium bicarbonate is commonly known as baking soda. Potassium Chloride is commonly known as seasalt. The long names are useful for people in the field because you know exactly which molecule a paper refers to. Most people don't need that level of detail but the names don't come up often enough to lead to the creation of a common name


Question: What does a beers Gravity mean?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does a beers Gravity mean?

The term is "specific gravity", it's a measure of density relative to water (which has an SG of 1.000). The initial wort might have a SG of 1.050, other tools might read out Plato units (12˚P) for the same wort, this is the same brix scale used for wine grapes. What you hope is that fermentation will turn some of this sugar into alcohol. By measuring the SG at the end, you can computer how much alcohol was added into the beer.


Question: What was the reason for the universal adoption of the base 10 number system we use today?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What was the reason for the universal adoption of the base 10 number system we use today?

> It seems like the obvious answer would be that's the number of digits on hands, but is that actually true? Yes, mostly. ~~The Romans had a base 5 number system because of 5 digits on each hand. That is why V became 5, X:10, L:50, C:100, etc.~~ *EDIT: [Apparently is is some sort of bastardized, non positional base-10 system after all]( URL_0 )* The Sumerians had a base 12 number system. This was because each finger in one hand (excluding thumbs) has 3 joints and, using your thumb to count, you can count up to 12. They would keep count of how many sets of 12 they has with fingers on their other hand up to 5, so 5 sets of 12 is 60. This is where we derived our seconds, minutes, and hours on the clock from.


Question: How does the paparazzi work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the paparazzi work?

Most western countries have exception for anyone who has a 'Public Relations' agent, in that they actively seek recognition, and are thereby "public people" and fair game. There is also a very broad "grey area" for photos taken in the public domain, in that a person has no expectation of privacy.


Question: If a diamond can only be cut with another diamond, how was the first diamond cut?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If a diamond can only be cut with another diamond, how was the first diamond cut?

A diamond can only be scratch with another diamond. You can still break it, actually diamonds can be somewhat fragile (I'm using a veeeery broad definition here) and can be broken with a hammer if you hit them in the correct place. If you grind diamonds with diamonds you'll get diamond dust that can be added to metal tools in order to cut and polish other diamonds.


Question: Why does apple cider, unlike most fizzy drinks, always throth its way out of the bottle/can, no matter how carefully you move it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does apple cider, unlike most fizzy drinks, always throth its way out of the bottle/can, no matter how carefully you move it?

Different beverages have different ability to build and "conserve" foams. This has to do with proteins and other stuff. They build chains that stabilize CO2 bubbles in a way that they build foam. Much like tiny soap bubbles that are all interconnected. I think in Apples its the pectin that stabilizes the foam.


Question: How is Dopamine the precursor to Adrenaline and Noradrenaline ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is Dopamine the precursor to Adrenaline and Noradrenaline ?

Basically Dopamine has a ton of uses. Its a neurotransmitter, and is used not just to signal a good feeling but is also used for other things, like the adrenal glands, where small amounts of dopamine are used to create “stress” and trigger the release of epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine for a flight or flight. The flood of dopamine in the brain for pleasure can also tickle those other receptors in the adrenal glands, that then trigger the rush of adrenaline from them that starts triggering FoF responses Edit:spelling To add: Addicts who use dopamine triggering drugs like meth or coke or heroin experience the opposite, a retarded Flight or Flight response. The brain can only produce Dopamine so quickly, its possible to expend your supply and not be able to produce it as fast as its needed, causing severe depression, literally physically unable to feel happy. It also causes the release of adrenaline difficult. The receptors can be over stimulated by the dopamine rushes constantly hitting them, long term addicts can burn out receptors that cannot be repaired, and require medication to supplement the imbalance.


Question: Random quick noises in head???

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Random quick noises in head???

I'm also curious, I've had similar stuff a lot of my life, and I've never actually identified them. Some of them sound like very, very sudden built up of tinnitus, and then it goes away. I don't know that i can even explain what i go through, so i can't even tell if it's the same as what you go through...


Question: How come most people who experienced trauma don’t get PTSD?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come most people who experienced trauma don’t get PTSD?

Answer: Mental illness is characterized as a condition that affects your mood and/or thoughts and/or behaviour. So if something affects any of the above to the point it interferes with your life - you have a mental health issue (sometimes temporary, but often chronic). In addition, mental health emerges in the context of 4 factors (the 4 Ps): - precipitating factors: event(s) that lead to having mental health issues (ex. Witnessing a battle/violence). - predisposing factors: some people have a generic predisposition to have a mental illness. - protecting factors: usually it means having a support system, or a specific temperament/attitude (hardy), that makes it easier for people handle difficult situations. - perpetuating factors: the conditions that make recovery more difficult. If you take all these concepts into consideration, then people who already have genetic predisposition for mental health issues, limited support, lack of access to services are more likely to be affected when something traumatic happens in their life. As such, two people can be exposed to the same traumatic event, but one person will be more resilient than the other.


Question: Why do phone cameras always zoom in when switched to video?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do phone cameras always zoom in when switched to video?

That is most likely the image stabilization. The camera itself still records the same image, but the camera software focuses on a certain point of the image and keeps that steady, despite your hand moving. That means that the edges get cut of while constantly rotating and moving the image to keeps that focus point in the the same place. By zooming in, you can’t see those changing edges and it looks like a regular image. If you look up stabilized videos, you’ll see the edges move to see what really happens outside of the image.


Question: How does a store like Walmart process and organize millions of payments per day?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a store like Walmart process and organize millions of payments per day?

You buy the $5 item and slide your card. The machine you slide your card in is connected to a computer and the internet. The computer stores the sale in a database and then sends the card data to the card processor. The processor electronically contacts your banks card server and asks if you have enough money. The server says yes he has money so the processor says cool send that money to this specific account that Walmart has setup with us. The bank puts a hold on that money as if it is gone already and then at a specific time of day Walmart finalizes all transactions by sending out a signal that says, "All that money I requested today? Send it." Then the processor sends a report letting them know all of the transactions that happened for the day. They then compare this report to the database of transactions that they recorded in store to make sure they don't miss any transactions. If everything matches up they file it away. If it doesn't match up they have to track down where the missing transaction is. Walmart pays a certain percentage of their sales to the processor for this service. For most small merchants it's about 3% but since Walmart is huge they get better rates more like 1% or less.


Question: What causes clouds to appear large and bulbous?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes clouds to appear large and bulbous?

Many clouds (i.e. thunderstorm supercells and ice clouds) aren't fluffy at all. But we'll ignore them for a moment and talk about those weird white ones. Those are made of water droplets ([sort of]( URL_0 )), and heat from the ground causes them to stay aloft. They have to meet a sort of balance between the up force of ground heat and the down force of gravity. This will happen in different places for different sizes of drop. Plus, they won't all form in the same place--they'll be separated side to side too. So the cloud now looks sort of blobby. It doesn't help that wind directions high up the atmosphere can change direction either, which pushes and pulls the cloud into different shapes. One other big factor in cloud shape is how hot and cold air are moving through a region. This actually brings us back to supercells; they form when hot air gets trapped under cold air, they mix, and start to rotate. Water condenses where they're mixing as well, so the whole storm starts rotating. And that's where baby tornados come from. src: I'm a physicist, so I'm pretty sure about most of this stuff (plus I grew up in a heavy-tornado area), but if any meteorologists weigh in, I'd trust them more.


Question: How does Tesla Autopilot work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Tesla Autopilot work?

It is as combination of a lane-keeping assitant, and radar guided cruise control (except it doesn't use radar, it uses cameras, I THINK). That's pretty much all it is. I know it doesn't like working when there are no white lines to define the lane. It has cameras in the pillars between the front and rear doors for the lane-keeping aspect. And we all know it has had troubles *seeing* things in front of it (trucks, concrete barriers). If it had the actual radar guided part, it wouldn't hit anything. For what it's worth, [plenty of other companies have the same sort of technology]( URL_0 ), but they just don't like to call it *autopilot* for the obvious reasons of it being dangerous and so on.


Question: Is there any resistive force in space?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is there any resistive force in space?

Kinda. While there is no atmospheric friction like you'd encounter because of the air on earth, there are objects in space that can apply forces to you. Tiny fragments of rock or gas clouds would have effects when you encountered them small though it might be. More likely to be an issue would be solar wind. Some heavier particles can hit the craft going 80% the speed of light and while individually aren't going to cause much issue, neither does individual air molecules. So in some ways yes. You could do a big push and then coast, but you might not end up where you thought you were going to.


Question: Is zero a number or the absence of a number?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is zero a number or the absence of a number?

From a programmer perspective zero is a number: for example if you have 1+0 the result will still be a number. But if you have 1+NaN(not a number) the results will be NaN. From a mathematical point of view 0 is also a number, because it respect all the requirements to be one. You know exactly where to find 0, you can use 0 in operations and 0 is a valid result. But let's think that 0 is not a number for a second. If you have the equation x=1-1 I would say that x=0 but if 0 is just the absence of a number, I should probably say that x does not have a value


Question: Matter is made up of atoms but how do we know what atoms is it made of ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Matter is made up of atoms but how do we know what atoms is it made of ?

We can take atoms apart and look at the pieces. Electrons are relatively easy to rip away from atoms; flowing electrons is (usually) how electricity works, and atoms with more or fewer electrons than normal are called "ions" and the basis for a whole bunch of chemical reactions we can study. We can generate neutrons through specific nuclear reactions. They have no charge so they're more tricky to interact with but we can create them as separate individual particles. Specific nuclear reactions can also generate protons and, since they're charged, we can also manipulate them like electrons (although they way a LOT more). A hydrogen ion is just a proton and we have those floating around in any glass of tap water. And, in general, we can smash atoms into each other in particle accelerators, hard enough to break the atoms apart, and study what comes out.


Question: Why there are so many different variations of SSRI?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why there are so many different variations of SSRI?

Psychiatric drugs work in a more complicated way than you might think. There are 7 families of serotonin receptors throughout the brain, some being more focussed in particular regions. Within the families are more subtypes. Historically, SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) came off the back of other drugs being discovered first (monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants). Through these drugs they discovered that increasing certain chemicals in the brain, especially serotonin, seemed to improve depressive symptoms. Thus drug companies poured more money into researching and making SSRI drugs, and voila. SSRIs are born. Each SSRI has slightly different serotonin receptor profile which it targets. Also different people have slightly different receptor profiles in their brains, and on top of THAT, mental illness (ie depression and anxiety) can occur due to a complex interplay between multiple pathophysiological processes in the brain, some of which result in serotonin issues which SSRIs can help with. TLDR SSRIs each have a slightly different profile of serotonin receptors they target. Some people will be more responsive to some SSRIs compared to others. Also drug companies made a bunch in the last few decades thanks to research and business.


Question: Why are Anxiety and Depression so common and hard to overcome?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are Anxiety and Depression so common and hard to overcome?

Anxiety and depression are both *feelings* AND *disorders*. Sometimes a person feels anxious or depressed, and it's a feeling or a mood that will pass pretty quickly. Other times, those feelings stick around for a while and make it harder for a person to go about their daily activities - that's when it becomes a disorder. It's not that different from physical health - sometimes you get a cold or a stomachache, and it's not a big deal - sleep a little more, eat some chicken soup, bounce back pretty quickly - and other times, you need to see a doctor because your symptoms stick around longer and you need help getting better. As *feelings,* almost everyone feels anxious or depressed / sad sometimes. As *disorders*, there are a lot of different factors that can go into causing them. If someone has biological relatives who have a mental illness, they are more likely to have it, too - there is a genetic factor, and some people's brains seem to naturally make them more vulnerable to anxiety or mood problems. It can also be related to difficult or traumatic experiences people had growing up, which are sometimes referred to as "Adverse Childhood Experiences," or ACEs. Although not everyone who has experienced a lot of ACEs will go on to have anxiety, depression, or other problems like substance abuse, many do. Some people think that is because of changes in the brain in response to trauma. If you use one muscle group a lot more than your other muscle groups, the muscle groups you use will get really strong, and muscles you don't use will likely be weaker; your brain works the same way. If you grow up feeling sad or anxious (afraid) a lot of the time, the parts of your brain that manage those feelings sometimes get a lot stronger. It can take a lot of time and effort to build up the weaker parts of the brain and recover so that you can start feeling better. Some people also think about anxiety and depression as being related to unhelpful thinking patterns. Someone who is prone to depression may have a pattern of seeing themselves or seeing the world in a certain way. For example, a lot of people with depression struggle with shame and seeing themselves as defective. It's sort of like walking through the world with poop on your glasses - no matter where you look, you're always going to see a little bit of poop. It can take a long time and a lot of work to start recognizing and fighting back against those unhelpful thinking patterns that can make anxiety and depression stick around, but if you do, many people eventually start to feel better.


Question: How can some animals have a standard heartbeat of like 200+ without their hearts collapsing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can some animals have a standard heartbeat of like 200+ without their hearts collapsing?

Smaller animals have smaller hearts, which means they move less blood with one pump, and correspondingly need to pump more often to move all the blood they need. Of course since their heart is small, it doesn't take as much energy for them to pump. There's actually a pretty close correlation in mammals between the size of the animal, the size of the heart, and the animal's pulse. Mice hearts can beat as much as 800 times per minute, whereas a blue whale's heart beats about 10 times per minute.


Question: Why are hexagons a better shape than squares?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are hexagons a better shape than squares?

The shape with the least perimeter for the most area is a circle. Every other possible shape has a larger ratio of perimeter:area. So if you're concerned about maximizing the amount of area compared to perimeter, you choose a circle. Unfortunately, circles don't tesselate the plane. There's a gap between and you end up with a tesselation that's highly efficient circles and very-very-inefficient things-that-make-circles-fit. So what we want is something as circle-like as possible that doesn't leave gaps. This turns out to be the hexagon.


Question: what’s the difference between fondant, frosting, and butter cream?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 what’s the difference between fondant, frosting, and butter cream?

Essentially, fondant is a rollable icing. It has a similar texture to marzipan or play-doh. Buttercream can be classed as a type of frosting, but it's made from a fat, most often butter and powdered sugar, with a little milk or cream (I always add double cream to my buttercream) sometimes. Frosting might be referring to the stuff made by combining powdered sugar and water or milk. Or, it might be talking about things such as cream cheese frosting or even buttercream. There's also the frosting in a tub, which is very similar to buttercream or cream cheese frosting.


Question: If countries loan great amounts of money, how is that money transferred?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If countries loan great amounts of money, how is that money transferred?

Usually the money is wired from one bank account to another. If the amount is huge, it may be several wire transfers. But in some cases it's done by opening a credit account for the recipient at a bank, with the loaning country agreeing to cover any amounts spent up to some limit.


Question: What does it mean when it is said that a planet is made of gas?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does it mean when it is said that a planet is made of gas?

Answering your questions in order 1. It means that the planet is made of gas 2. Gravity 3. Mostly, but if the planet gets big enough, the core becomes a super-critical fluid, something not quite gas, not quite liquid. 4. Yes, if you can withstand the pressure, fluid density, and can push your way out of the gravity well. 5. Gravity again. 6. Yes, and the maximum size is the size of the planet, because gravity keeps it there. While it may seem like gravity only attracts small objects to big ones, everything is attracted by everything elses gravity, so if you start with a relatively small iron core that goes through a gas cloud, the attractive effect compounds, gathering more and more into itself, as long as there is gas to collect.


Question: How can companies like Netflix be billions of dollars in debt and still have extremely valuable stock?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can companies like Netflix be billions of dollars in debt and still have extremely valuable stock?

Debt isn’t bad, mismanaged debt is. They have an interest coverage ratio of just over 4, meaning last year they earned more than 4 x the interest owed on their debt obligations. Anything above 2 or 3 (depending on the industry) is considered good. Think of it like paying for something on a credit card, and not breaking a sweat because you know you’ll be able to pay it back easily AND you’re improving your credit rating at the same time.