Question: Why can’t a sponge soak up mercury even when submerged in it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can’t a sponge soak up mercury even when submerged in it?

A sponge can't absorb Mercury for basically two reasons: One, sponges are made primarily of cellulose, which has a favorable interaction with water and liquids containing water. Mercury, on the other hand, is a metal, albeit a liquid metal (at room temp), and does not have a favorable interaction with cellulose. Two, Mercury has a significantly higher surface tension relative to water, making it hard for the sponge to absorb it. You'll need a metallic sponge to absorb Mercury.


Question: Why is it that babies like being rocked to sleep yet as we get older rocking can be uncomfortable such as on a boat?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that babies like being rocked to sleep yet as we get older rocking can be uncomfortable such as on a boat?

The womb is a fluid-filled sac, and when a mother moves about the baby is very slightly rocked thanks to that fluid. The baby becomes used to this feeling before birth, so rocking helps to calm them afterward for a time. Adult humans don't live in fluid-filled sacs. We're not used to being moved or rocked outside of our own willpower.


Question: Why is Mississippi behind every state in so many metrics?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is Mississippi behind every state in so many metrics?

There's no way to answer this without sounding partisan and making people mad. Something to look at when you see a state has fallen behind is economy. When a States (and a countries) economy is lagging, it tends to make cuts, and sadly education tends to get cut pretty quick. Generally, this is teachers salaries. When teachers salaries get cut, they start looking elsewhere for jobs. This generally leads them either to private schools, out of state teaching jobs, or sadly, to stop teaching altogether. This of course hurts the students the most, and their education begins to fall behind. And from there, things tend to decay. Wealthier people (not necessarily rich, but pretty well off) start to leave the state in order to get their kids a better education, leaving lower income people who are in lower tax brackets to pick up the slack, which starts a domino effect. Now, this does NOT mean that people who live in Mississippi are dumb. It's interesting that Mississippi has this reputation, when several states, such as North Carolina and Oklahoma (my home state) are having the exact same thing happen. It's actually a huge problem in these states, and as the poverty level increases and the education level decreases, you can actually see the shockwaves throughout each states economy. Something else to remember about the economy of these states is that they tend to be dependent on very finicky factors, specifically agriculture and the oil industry. Both of these are important on a national level, but the crash that the cattle industry just experienced did almost nothing to the US economy, but it completely devastated the farming communities in Oklahoma. And just like with the education thing, it creates a domino effect as people leave the state to find a better life, which puts more and more pressure on state and local economies. TL;DR as state economies start to crack, people leave, which makes everything fall apart.


Question: Is the natural sugar in fruit the same sugar in other foods like candy or yogurt?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is the natural sugar in fruit the same sugar in other foods like candy or yogurt?

The sugar itself is really no different. The mango is a better choice than candy because it has other things in it, that add nutritional value and help your body process the sugar more efficiently. They have 203% of your daily vitamin C needs, 72% vitamin A, 564 mg of potassium, 5g fiber, B vitamins, magnesium, and even a little calcium. Much better choice than candy, sugar content aside. Edit to add, here's a link (even though it's by Huffington post, it's still true,) that tells how the sugars are basically the same. URL_0


Question: How does sound travel with the wind?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does sound travel with the wind?

Sound is waves. Air is the medium the sound waves travel in. When the air moves it carries everything with it. Here is a way to visualize it: Imagine dropping a stone into stagnate water such as a lake. The ripples will propagate out from the point you are standing. Now imagine dropping a stone into a fast moving river. The ripples will travel away with the current from the point you are standing. The ripples will still form a ring, but the entire system moves away from you. Same thing with sound waves in moving air.


Question: Do advertisers know when I've bought their product? If so why do they continue advertising?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do advertisers know when I've bought their product? If so why do they continue advertising?

Advertisers do not know whether or not you bought the product. What they do know is exposure to thousands upon thousands will get people to expose their products and brand. As long as a couple people buy the advertised product its a win. Companies don't advertise expecting everyone to buy. Its all about exposure. More people know about a product or brand the higher chance it will get talked about amongst the viewers.


Question: Why is it illegal to feed or provide necessities to the homeless in certain areas/states/cities?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it illegal to feed or provide necessities to the homeless in certain areas/states/cities?

It's not like it's against the law to give your leftovers to a beggar when you leave a restaurant. What's illegal is setting up a large-scale food distribution scheme and going around feeding dozens/hundreds of people **without getting food service permits**. Once you start feeding large numbers of people, you're expected to have the same licences and sanitation standards as a restaurant.


Question: What's an amino acid and why is it so important to the beginning of life?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's an amino acid and why is it so important to the beginning of life?

Just about every part of your body (and every part of every cell) that performs a function is reliant upon proteins to perform those functions. So for example, need to copy a DNA strand? Proteins do that. Need to get some sugar into the cell? Protein. Want to hook two cells together? Protein. Proteins are chains of amino acids that bend and twist around, often looking like a tangled ball of string. So you need amino acids to make proteins, and you need protein to make life. Even the simplest kinds of life, viruses and bacteria and prions, have proteins. But an amino acid is just a molecule. It can be made through chemical reactions that don't necessarily require life as a precursor. Therefore many scientists think that life probably started from amino acids that formed spontaneously and began grouping together.


Question: How do anti-plagiarism detectors and programs work to find exact wordings from other sources and determine that they aren't just coincidence?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do anti-plagiarism detectors and programs work to find exact wordings from other sources and determine that they aren't just coincidence?

It is VERY rare for a single sentence to be repeated by random chance. The odds of an entire paragraph or page being copied are zero. To give you some context. I've written several 100,000 word books. Often I'll think to myself "Oh, I need to edit this section or that section" and I'll use the search feature. If I can remember one or two words from the section I want to find then there are never more than 3 hits and usually its just 1. If you want you can test it out with an online bible. If you remember any few word you can usually immediately find the bible verse you were thinking of. plagiarism software shouldn't (and almost never is) used to try and find one sentence in a multi-thousand word essay. It looks for patterns of behavior where big blocks of text have been taken from a handful of sources. And that just never happens honestly.


Question: Why are soft things like towels so hard to cut while hard things like carrots and potatoes can be easily sliced and diced?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are soft things like towels so hard to cut while hard things like carrots and potatoes can be easily sliced and diced?

When you try to cut a towel, the towel moves somewhat with the knife (the fabric bunches up and shifts around under the pressure of the knife rather than remaining still) while the firmer potato doesn't move and instead lets the knife do its work. If you pull fabric so that it is tight, it is easier to cut.


Question: Why didn't the US experience hyperinflation that many economists and politicians said was going to happen when the FED did its quantitative easing during the Great Recession?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why didn't the US experience hyperinflation that many economists and politicians said was going to happen when the FED did its quantitative easing during the Great Recession?

Short answer is most economists said it would work. Some economists are paid to deliver an ideological viewpoint rather than a scientific one. A very simple explanation of the actual problem is money froze. An economy runs on the circulation of money. It's the Fed's responsibility to control the speed of that circulation via the interest rate. A smaller rate encourages circulation and growth, a higher rate slows everything down. The economy was frozen because banks stopped lending money suddenly. Large businesses use loans routinely for things like paying workers. So it caused a chain effect where suddenly nobody could pay anyone. QE was used together with TARP. Neither would have worked alone. TARP cleaned up the banks and freed them to loan again. QE offered a stop gap until TARP could restore movement to the economy. It also provided the fastest possible means of growth since a 0 interest rate wasn't able to. It effectively provided a negative interest rate. The political reason for saying QE wouldn't work was people pointing to similar measures in the past, but with different circumstances. The Weimar Republic experienced hyperinflation in response to an extremely heavy monetary burden (reparations) in the treaty of Versailles. When they began to have issues with inflation the victors demanded payment in gold, essentially forcing them to use QE improperly under threat. The US was not experiencing hyperinflation before we used QE and we were capable of stopping it at any time Zimbabwe is the other famous case. They did several bad things we didn't even dream of. They mislead the global money market about how much they were printing during the Congo wars. This pretty much guaranteed a market correction in the future, (The 2008 recession was also a market correction). Leaders in that country also had a bad habit of printing money for personal use. Then they decided to replace experienced farmers with non experienced ones by government order. Their banking system finally collapsed at this point because the new farmers couldn't make enough money to pay back loans. So they habitually used QE rather than loans to finance a war, habitually used it to pad their bank accounts, and then tried to create a huge change in a major industry overnight. The US did not and does not habitually use QE, has a government type that ensures large changes cannot be made overnight, and the Fed is independent specifically to make sure the government can't play with the money supply. So there never really was cause for alarm with QE. The guaranteed income doesn't cause inflation. In fact the reason the trial in the US was abandoned before was someone correlated an increase in divorces with the program. Basic economics is very clear on what happens when certain economic classes are given money. The rich tend to save it, invest in corporations, or buy luxury items. Saving it freezes it from circulation, investing tends to keep it circulating at higher levels, and luxury items are low impact because your keeping the circle small even if it's at lower levels. Middle class people tend to save, invest, or maybe use it for daily needs. Daily needs is the best thing that can happen to this money. It's an immediate, wide spread, impact because there's so many things we need on a daily basis. It also directly supports the largest number of jobs. Lower class people tend to spend almost entirely on daily needs. This is also why increases in the minimum wage work too. You're directly increasing demand for products, which causes more supply to be made and more jobs to support the making of more supply to satisfy demand. It's a positively reinforcing cycle. Claims that a guaranteed income causes inflation are based on two ideas (sometimes together, sometimes not). Some people see our economy as a zero sum game meaning there's only so much in the economy and it never expands or expands so slowly that it's not noticeable. This leads to the belief that any redistribution is taking money directly out of their pocket and/or that a guaranteed income will simply cause a price raise rather than expand the economy. The second idea is that businesses would become overburdened and actually fire more workers than they hired putting the system into a negatively reinforcing cycle. (Less supply means prices raise, less people can afford goods, more firings, less supply...) however evidence from our own trial and other countries shows this isn't the case. With money guaranteed every month several things happen. People are more free to rise to their best level of education, increasing the size of the professional classes (We currently import a lot of professional labor because we don't create enough on our own) people were able to spend more, creating a positive in demand, this does cause prices to rise initially but they stop rising as supply gets used to the new demand, that required increase in supply creates more jobs, not less. The important thing to remember is corporations want to sell their widgets, if there's more demand they're going to expand to meet it, not shrink away from it. Nobody ever made money outside the luxury market by shrinking while demand rises. They will rise to it and create more supply.


Question: How do computers add gain to audio? (do they really?)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do computers add gain to audio? (do they really?)

You know how you can make a picture brighter after you take it? It's basically that, but with sound. You're just changing the data so that it represents a louder version of the same sound (*/brighter version of the same picture*) The picture doesn't actually have inherent brightness until you display it on a screen. The sound doesn't actually have inherent volume until you play it with speakers.


Question: How does the whole "nonverbal autistic" thing work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the whole "nonverbal autistic" thing work?

So I'm not normally nonverbal (I'm on the spectrum) but when I get stressed out I have a hard time communicating. The best way I can explain it is there's a disconnect between the part of my brain that actually has thoughts and the part of my brain that puts the thoughts into words out loud when I get stressed. Like, the thoughts are there and I want to say them, but I cant figure out how to force them out of my mouth in a coherent pattern of speech. Not 100% scholarly but hope that helps.


Question: How does salt water create more buoyancy than fresh water? Why does the salinity factor create and easier floating effect?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does salt water create more buoyancy than fresh water? Why does the salinity factor create and easier floating effect?

Buoyancy is the result of balancing the weight of objects vs. an equivalent volume of water. Imagine the portion of a floating object which is under the water. Remove the floating object but don't let the water move, and you will have a hole in the water shaped like that portion of the object. Now consider how much water it would take to fill that hole until it exactly matches the water level of the surrounding water. The weight of the water it would take to fill that hole will exactly match the weight of the floating object in its entirety, including the amount above the water level. To the surrounding water it is equivalent if it is occupied by the hull of a boat or just more water. Understanding what buoyancy comes from now we can understand why salt water creates more of it. Dissolving a mineral (salt) into water makes the water more dense and heavier per unit of volume, and this means the volume a floating object displaces equates to more weight in water.


Question: What is the mathematical/caloric difference between running 1 mile and walking 1 mile. You finish one earlier and spend less time buring calories, the other burns slower but lasts longer. I it more energy efficient to walk 1 mile or run then rest?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the mathematical/caloric difference between running 1 mile and walking 1 mile. You finish one earlier and spend less time buring calories, the other burns slower but lasts longer. I it more energy efficient to walk 1 mile or run then rest?

Running is less *efficient* than walking. Walking is relatively level. Your body, although it has some vertical movement, is basically pathing horizontally - parallel to the ground. With running, there is a significant bounce - your whole body is lifting up and dropping down. This takes energy. You're basically trading efficiency for speed. Spend more power and energy, you get there faster. So, even though you go the same distance, walking or running, you end up spending significantly more energy running the same distance.


Question: why are pyramid schemes bad?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why are pyramid schemes bad?

There is no actual money generated, it just flows up from people at the bottom to people higher up. The people at the bottom are lied to that they will make money, or that they can recruit more people below so that they are not at the bottom, unfortunately you can see that this doesn't work forever.


Question: What effect do the moon cycles have on atmospheric pressure?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What effect do the moon cycles have on atmospheric pressure?

The only difference between a full moon and a new moon is the amount of light being reflected from the sun off the moon. Moon cycles are the equivalent of our day and night cycles. A full moon is when the side of the moon we can see is in full "daylight" and a new moon is when the side we can see is in full "night." So to answer your question, they wouldn't have any effect whatsoever because whether the moon is new or full, its physical shape and mass are completely unchanged and thus wouldn't have variable effects on the atmosphere.


Question: What's the difference between the different degrees of murder?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between the different degrees of murder?

It depends on the jurisdiction. Most US states have only 1st and 2nd degree murder. 1st degree murder is premeditated. That means you went with the intention of killing, and then killed someone. 2nd degree murder is non-premeditated. For example, someone insulted you so you stabbed them in the chest and killed them. You weren't planning on committing a murder, you just got angry and killed a guy. Many states also have a crime called "Felony Murder". A felony murder is a killing that results from a felony crime you are committing. Under most felony murder statutes you don't have to be the one who did the killing to be convicted. You only had to be reasonably aware that you were committing a serious crime during which a killing might occur. So if you rob a store with an accomplice and your accomplice shoots the clerk, you're both guilty of felony murder.


Question: How are some digital scales able to tell such little weight differences? (Such as between 0.00g and 0.01g)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are some digital scales able to tell such little weight differences? (Such as between 0.00g and 0.01g)

The difference between 0.00g and 0.01 g is only little in terms of your perception of the world. There's 2.618*10^20 atoms in 0.01 grams of salt. (That's a lot) so if your method of finding out a sample's weight was counting atoms, then 0.01grams is an enormous weight. We, humans, are bad at weighing things. Digital sensors are not. The one in your kitchen scale works by converting the weight to a small current. More precise scales work by essentially having the scale vibrate, and measuring the degree to which the object you try to measure interferes with that vibration.


Question: What is the difference between ionization and disassociation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between ionization and disassociation?

Ionisation, simply put, is the name for the way an atom turns into an ion. Electrons are either **lost** or **gained** and the balance between the number of electrons and protons is upset. This means the atom gets “charged” and is now an ion. Disassociation is just the name for the way that any type of particle, separates from something it is bonded to. Ionisation makes ions, disassociation is the separation of particles (such as ions) from their compound.


Question: What is the feeling of semi-weakness people sometimes get when they are cold?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the feeling of semi-weakness people sometimes get when they are cold?

At cold temperatures, oxygen is more tightly bound to the hemoglobin in blood and does not release as easily. This slower rate of release leads to a lower amount of oxygen available to your muscles, making contraction more difficult. Also when we are cold, blood is conserved around our vital organs to ensure our body continues to function, but this part may not be relevant.


Question: Why banks put holds on checks?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why banks put holds on checks?

The Federal Reserve has set baseline rules for check deposits: The first $200 must be available the next business day, while amounts from $201 to $5,000 must be available within two business days after the deposit, and amounts of $5,000 or more generally should be accessible on the fifth business day. Weekends and bank holidays don't count as business days. The reason there is a hold is because they have to wait for the credit to transfer institutions, and that can take several days of passing through intermediates, with verification steps along the way. I'm not going to get down to the bare bones of it, but in summary, there is a vast banking network of mainframes - yes, **mainframe** computers; most people outside the business don't even understand what it is that makes a computer a mainframe. Regardless, banks don't like to fuck around and lose money, so it takes some time to ensure everyone and everything is in agreement. Banks have the discretion to give you faster access, and it all depends on your relationship with your bank, your standing, and how much you have tied up in that bank which is a sort of line of credit. By giving you faster access, the bank is assuming risk by lending you an interest free loan and assuming the funds are going to clear. It's easy to be cynical about the process, like that one bullshit answer that the bank is holding your money on purpose in escrow to collect some sort of interest on it. But the truth is the process takes time and it's not trivial to speed that process up (and the banking system is pushing to do so). You will be thankful when your money shows up, knowing it's FDIC insured along the way, whereas the likes of Venmo and, frankly, almost all the other more modern transfer apps aren't. If your money disappears in Venmo, it's just gone. Venmo is under no obligation to find it, or help you find it, or recover it, or aid you in any way to recoup your losses. You'd have to sue them, and you'd likely lose.


Question: Why some objects orbit and don’t get pulled directly into another objects center?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why some objects orbit and don’t get pulled directly into another objects center?

It *is* unlikely for an object to fall into orbit. Many objects are orbiting because they formed there, from debris themselves that were in orbit. For instance, the planets formed out of a rotating dust cloud that was orbiting the center of the system. Some objects fell into the center. Others were ejected from the system entirely. The planets formed from material that remained.


Question: If the teardrop shape, blunt end forward, has the least aerodynamic drag of all shapes, why should I haul my boat on a car roof rack, mounted bow forward?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If the teardrop shape, blunt end forward, has the least aerodynamic drag of all shapes, why should I haul my boat on a car roof rack, mounted bow forward?

A teardrop has no drag, but it still presses against the air. The bow of your boat slices the air, reducing the pressure in front of it. Also, teardrops aren’t as aerodynamic as you think. The most mathematically aerodynamic shape looks like a teardrop with two points, opposite of each other.


Question: How do scientists convert diseases and DNA etc into storage units typically used with electronics like megabytes kilobytes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do scientists convert diseases and DNA etc into storage units typically used with electronics like megabytes kilobytes?

There are 4 "letters" in DNA: A, T, G, C. You can enumerate each of these 4 possibilities in 2 bits: 00 - > A 01 - > T 10 - > G 11 - > C So if you have 4 pairs, one after another, you could encode that as 10010000, which is a single byte (8 bits). If you have 4000 base pairs, you need 8000 bits to encode it, which is 1000 bytes, or 1 kilobyte.


Question: what is vacuum decay? How will it occur and how will we feel it happening?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is vacuum decay? How will it occur and how will we feel it happening?

Everything in physics tries to be at its minimum energy level. That's why a ball roll down a hill or certain chemical reaction occur. The vacuum (no particle) has a certain amount of energy. But it's possible that's only a local minimum and not a global minimum, kinda like how a ball can be in **a** hole but not **the lowest hole** in all of the earth. **If** this is the case (and I must stress here that we have no idea if that's true) and **if** it's possible to reach the true minimum, we expect all the laws of physics to change upon reaching that minimum, or at least all currently known particle interraction. If it happens it'll happen at some specific point in space (or multiple points) and it'll expand at the speed of light. It's actually possible that it already happened somewhere in space and we just don't know yet. Nor will we ever know because the speed of light is the fastest speed at which information can travel. Will we feel it? Not really it'll go through the earth in an instant and we'll all be dead, it won't hurt at all because even if your feet get "destroyed" first, your brain wouldn't receive the pain signal until after your brain is also destroyed. It's a scary thought but it's also just a hypothesis for now so don't worry too much about it.


Question: What's the phenomenon that occurs when you drive sorta fast ( > 50 mph) with only one window down and hurts your ears. And when you open another window it stops. And why it happens?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the phenomenon that occurs when you drive sorta fast ( > 50 mph) with only one window down and hurts your ears. And when you open another window it stops. And why it happens?

It is commonly called wind buffeting, but the official term is Helmholtz Resonance. There are two different masses of air while you're driving, inside versus outside. When you open a window, it creates a vortex the compresses and decompresses the air. This is the noise that you're referring to. Modern cars and trucks are more subject to air thump because they’re so aerodynamically efficient and well sealed against wind intrusion. Jim Zunich, GM’s global vehicle performance chief engineer for wind noise, explains: “We want nice, smooth attached air for aerodynamics, but that’s worse for buffeting.”


Question: Why is the golden ratio common to so many things of different nature?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the golden ratio common to so many things of different nature?

Say you have a seed. Deep down in the genetic code of the seed is the simple genetic code that says "have these cells build more of themselves." If you let all those cells grow, the ratio between old cells and new cells will usually be the golden ratio. The golden ratio is so common in nature because it is the product of such a simple idea: the ratio between the first thing and the second thing is the same as the ratio between both those things and a third thing. It's what you always get when you tell cells or leaves or branches or scales to just "grow more of yourself."


Question: In music what's the difference between 4/4, 5/4, 5/8, etc?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 In music what's the difference between 4/4, 5/4, 5/8, etc?

To help keep your place in music, it is divided up into segments called "measures". A time signature (4/4, 3/4, etc) is telling you how many beats are divided up per measure and what kind of notes get the beat. For example, if you're in 4/4, the first number tells you there are 4 beats per measure and the second number tells you that a quarter note (1/4) gets the beat, totalling 4 quarter notes. In the case of 6/8 time, you would have 6 beats per measure and an eighth note (1/8) would get the beat, totalling 6 eighth notes per measure.


Question: What do we know about the long term effects of vaping, if we’re sure of anything?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What do we know about the long term effects of vaping, if we’re sure of anything?

Not much yet, we'll need to wait until they've been in common use for a long term. They've only really been in use since the mid-2000s, which isn't long, and didn't really become common for about a decade after that. And they've changed a lot during their short time on the market. Some things we know from the short term: * We do know that nicotine itself is very addictive, but is not dangerous on its own in the quantities received from vaping/smoking. However it's not safe to leave the liquid where a small child (or anyone really) might drink it, and exposure to concentrated nicotine-based insecticide can be harmful. * We know that the danger from smoking primarily comes from byproducts of the tobacco curing process and the tar that sticks them in your lungs, and vaping doesn't have those. * However vape liquid (like any product) can contain trace amounts of various stuff, as well as flavoring, with unknown effects. Regulation varies, but generally it isn't regulated in terms of ingredients like food or medicine yet. * THC vaping liquid is different than nicotine vaping liquid, and is of course totally unregulated where it's illegal. The thickener Vitamin E Acetate used in illegal THC liquid has been implicated as the probable cause of [vaping lung illness]( URL_0 ) * Although there haven't been any reported cases from vaping yet, a flavoring [diacetyl (butter/popcorn flavor)]( URL_1 ) has been banned from vaping liquid in the EU and most manufacturers elsewhere have also stopped using it in vape liquid, after it was found to be dangerous to factory workers who produced the flavoring.


Question: What exactly is the force that pushes life to reproduce in more complex forms ? IE from simple organisms to animals

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly is the force that pushes life to reproduce in more complex forms ? IE from simple organisms to animals

You have it backwards. Evolution is not directed. There's no "force" or inclination for life to evolve with increasing complexity, and in fact, most of the time, it doesn't (like how bacteria are still bacteria...etc). It's a common misconception. Every mutation that happens is random. The mutations that benefit survival get passed on more because more of those organisms survive to reproduce offspring with those beneficial mutations and so on and so forth. Beneficial doesn't mean more complex, it just means better suited the environment. There are many organisms that have barely changed in morphology in hundreds of millions of years. & #x200B; & #x200B;


Question: What exactly is happening during sleep paralysis?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly is happening during sleep paralysis?

I'm sure a better answer will come along, but when you sleep there's a chemical that paralyses your body so you don't act out your dreams. From my understanding when you're more awake than asleep, almost a lucid dream state (aware you're dreaming) awake but that chemical is still active you enter sleep paralysis. You try to move but you can't and panic usually sets in. This mixed with the lingering dream inducing chemicals causes the hallucinations. Basically your mind wakes up more than it should when it shouldn't. Edit. To answer the follow up question, why does your body do this, the scientific why I don't know. Usually it's more common when your sleep deprived or stressed, also drugs even done prescription will add to this (I know peele that take antidepressants and it increased occurrences a crazy amount). I would address that is either are a concern. Some people are more prone to it but better quality sleep should help reduce it significantly.


Question: I always hear about mathematicians and scientists trying and succeeding to find more and more digits of Pi. How are they actually FINDING more digits of a number?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 I always hear about mathematicians and scientists trying and succeeding to find more and more digits of Pi. How are they actually FINDING more digits of a number?

Usually finding more digits of pi is done as a computing exercise or just for the sake of breaking records; there's little to be learned by just finding more digits. As to how they do it, there are numerous series that sum to pi. The simplest is 1 - 1/3 + 1/5 - 1/7 + 1/9 - 1/11 + ... = pi / 4. This sums incredibly slowly, but it's an easy series to compute. An interesting one is the Bailey-Borwein-Plouffe formula which is notable in that it allows you to compute the Nth digit of pi without having to first compute all digits before it. There are other series that converge even faster which are used for generating huge numbers of digits.


Question: How are neurotransmitters, when ejected from one nerve cell to another, attracted to the receptor of the other synapse? Why wouldn't they just float away? Is this question simply due to the limitations of the model I'm using? (Linked below)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are neurotransmitters, when ejected from one nerve cell to another, attracted to the receptor of the other synapse? Why wouldn't they just float away? Is this question simply due to the limitations of the model I'm using? (Linked below)

Neurotransmitter receptors are protein made of smaller blocks called amino acids. Different amino acids have different properties, some might be more positive, some more negative, some neutral. This is called charge. Specific combination of these amino acids causes not only overall shape of the receptor, but also a different charge. Now, different neurotransmitters have also different charges. Since opposites attract, the neurotransmitters preferentially bind to these receptors and this is why they also stay bounded. When it comes to why the neurotransmitters dont just float away there are multiple reasons. 1. The releasing neuron is very very close to the next neuron at synapse. 2. A lot more neurotransmitters are released than needed. In the end some neurotransmitters would float away and bind to receptors on neighbouring neurons, but propagating a signal requires a pretty strong stimulation, so the floating neurotransmitters won’t likely do much.


Question: How do APR, interest rates, and billing cycles work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do APR, interest rates, and billing cycles work?

You borrow money from the bank. That's credit. They expect you to pay it back with a 'fee' which is interest. APR is the annual rate of interest. If you borrow $100 for a year at $10 APR then you pay back $110. It's not quite as simple as this in general because, with credit cards, interest stacks differently for purchases, cashback and balance transfers. So you might see a different rate for these items. APR depends on risk. If you are risky to lend money to (you've been bankrupt) or banks don't know how risky you are (no credit history), you get a worse rate. Rates depend on your risk, your country's risk, the bank's risk appetite, etc. Billing cycle is the period of time when they charge you. So you might get a bill at the end of June for everything you spent between the 7th of May to the 7th of June, which is the billing period. The cycle might be every 30 days, for example.


Question: How do people know what rocks have fossils in them without some kind of lab test? In videos you will see people pick up a rock at the beach and crack it open to magically reveal a fossil, how do they know?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do people know what rocks have fossils in them without some kind of lab test? In videos you will see people pick up a rock at the beach and crack it open to magically reveal a fossil, how do they know?

They don't know. When collecting fossils, you crack a metric ton of rocks that have nothing. They just don't show that on TV. What you generally do know is where the good spots are. There's a quarry in my area that is known to be rich in Jurassic fossils, mostly fish. You can still spend a week there and find nothing. Knowing those spots is often just by chance - someone found some exposed fossil and decided to look harder.


Question: Why is there a credit option when paying with debit card?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there a credit option when paying with debit card?

There is a *significant* difference between using a card as credit vs. debit. It’s to the consumer’s advantage to use credit rather than debit, and to the store’s advantage for the consumer to use debit, so they try to encourage debit use and make it a little more difficult to use credit. For example they may set a default as debit and don’t tell you how to use credit, which is why people have to ask you. So here’s the advantage: if they use debit, the money is taken from their account and if there’s a problem, like fraud, or an error, then the person using the debit card doesn’t get their money back until everything has been processed and it has been determined that they are due money. Your money is in limbo, maybe for months. But if it’s used as credit, then you get your money back right away, you don’t have to wait months for the whole fraud process, and it’s the bank and store who have funds in limbo. Also, there are security differences. Remember a few years ago when Target’s data was hacked? Hackers stole the data from people who used debit cards. If you used your card as credit, hackers didn’t get their info. If someone gets your debit card info, they can clean out your bank account in minutes. And then you report it, but because it’s a debit card, you can’t get your money back for months. If they only have the credit card information accessible for your debit card, then you just call and report the theft and your money will be restored almost immediately due to the protections that go along with credit cards. There may also be a different cost to credit vs. debit for the store, where the store pays a lower percentage for debit, which is a reason why they prefer that customers do it rather than credit. But that doesn’t matter to the customer.


Question: Why might a market never reach an equilibrium point?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why might a market never reach an equilibrium point?

In terms of classical economics, the equilibrium is achieved by assuming that prices can move freely to achieve a balance between demand and supply. The free movement of prices is the signal that affects producer's decision to supply and consumer's decision to demand. In this perfect market, prices change instantaneously and demand and supply are smoothly adjustable to achieve this market clearing equilibrium There are market imperfections that may cause a market to never reach a market clearing equilibrium. Some markets may have stickiness (wages for most employees are fixed and cannot adjust up and down quickly, new supply capacity might be added in large chunks, long term supply contracts). Keynesian economics argues that economies may be stuck in a deflation cycle and never achieve a market clearing situation. Government action (price controls for example) can also cause markets not to achieve equilibrium (the most current dire example is Venezuela)


Question: Why do so many swimming pools not allow children to wear life vests, even if they are coast guard approved?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do so many swimming pools not allow children to wear life vests, even if they are coast guard approved?

Because they aren't foolproof, but some people act like they are. People do drown wearing life vests sometimes, especially small children because they can't maintain their head above water consistently even with a life vest. If you're putting a child in a life vest, clearly you know they can't swim, but for some reason parents will put a child in a life vest and turn their back on it for plenty long enough to drown - leaving it up to the life guards. The life guards are there to save lives under extraordinary circumstances, but if neglectful parents with poor judgment put kids in life vests and ignore them, the life guards are given too much to monitor and that endangers all the swimmers.


Question: How does a fruit become juicy after it has been picked?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a fruit become juicy after it has been picked?

Some fruits can keep on maturating after they have been picked. They are called "climacteric" fruits. This is due to a reaction of those fruits to a phytohormon (a chemical that has an effect on plants) called Ethylene. When fruits like avocados or bananas are picked, they start releasing some ethylene, which activates the maturation process of the fruit. This process modifies a lot of the fruits' properties, such as colour, texture, glucidic values, fat values... and those reactions modify the way inside water is displayed into the fruit. This hormon has a higher density than the ambiant air, so if you put your fruits in a basket without holes, the basket will be full of ethylene in less than a week, and your fruits will maturate VERY fast. A good way to prevent fruits from maturating is to keep them cold and ventilate the area. At the opposite, if you keep the fruits in your living room in a basket with other climacteric fruits (such as bananas and avocados...!), they will maturate faster! Generally, citrus and berries are non-climacteric, while apples, peaches, bananas, apricots, tomatoes, kiwis...are climacteric.


Question: I’ve been thinking about peanuts and beans a lot lately and idk they’re really not too different. Can someone explain what differentiates a nut and a legume and why we draw a line between the two? Is it the shell? It just feels like nuts are soft legumes, and legumes are hard nuts. Thank you!

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 I’ve been thinking about peanuts and beans a lot lately and idk they’re really not too different. Can someone explain what differentiates a nut and a legume and why we draw a line between the two? Is it the shell? It just feels like nuts are soft legumes, and legumes are hard nuts. Thank you!

Peanuts are a legume. They're only called nuts in cooking because cooking categories are usually defined by how a thing is eaten / prepared rather than what it actually is. Botanically, peanuts are legumes (multiple fruit in one pod), walnuts are drupes (hard shelled seed inside fleshy exterior - you just never see the outer bit because folks take away the fleshy bit before it gets to the store), and almonds are actual nuts (from a tree, hard exterior shell, single fruit per shell. But they're all considered nuts because they taste similar and we treat them similarly from a culinary perspective. This is similar to the 'tomato is a fruit' thing. In culinary terms, a tomato is, in fact, a vegetable because it's part of a plant that's mostly used in savory dishes. In botanical terms, a tomato is a berry. (and a strawberry /isn't/ a berry)


Question: When a company commits a gross violation that affects people (physically/mentally/financially, etc.), why is the company forced to pay the government, instead of the people they hurt?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 When a company commits a gross violation that affects people (physically/mentally/financially, etc.), why is the company forced to pay the government, instead of the people they hurt?

Usually they'll have to pay both. Fines levyed by the state is not meant to replace money companies have to pay for the damages they cause a person. Let's say a company causes you to lose a leg because of negligence, they might be fined by the state if they broke the law, but *in addition to that* they have to pay you money for the damages they caused you specifically.


Question: Why can't the government just tell you how much you owe in taxes so you can lay that amount?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't the government just tell you how much you owe in taxes so you can lay that amount?

Other people have answered your question, but I just wanted to add something as someone that has messed up their taxes (and gotten caught) twice. You aren't going to jail for a mistake on your taxes. Worst case, you get a grumpy letter from the IRS saying that they think there's an error on your taxes, and asking for some extra money. Even if you can't immediately pay, they'll work with you on a payment plan. Jail time for tax fraud is reserved for people that intentionally and repeatedly break tax law by trying to hide income or take deductions they don't qualify for. You have to really piss off an IRS investigator for charges to be filed.


Question: Why are side effects to medicine always negative?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are side effects to medicine always negative?

They aren't always negative, but they have to warn us about the negative ones so they don't get sued. Sometimes, the positive ones are how we discover medicines for other, unintended purposes on accident. Viagra was originally used as a medicine for a heart condition, but then they realized it can also ... do what we all know it does...


Question: Hard Drives: How do the read/write heads read/write data on the platters if its spinning so fast?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Hard Drives: How do the read/write heads read/write data on the platters if its spinning so fast?

To us it's spinning fast, but the integrated circuit processors that control the position of the heads and the platters are much faster, and can keep track of when to start and when to stop writing. Hard drive access time is 9-15 milliseconds (how long it takes to move the heads and start reading / writing), but the memory and processors on the hard drive itself can work about 200 times faster than that (they can process 200 commands in the time it takes the head to move to one location).