Question: Why ads like McDonald's aren't considered misleading advertising, despite the fact that the product showed isn't even something like the offered product?

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 Why ads like McDonald's aren't considered misleading advertising, despite the fact that the product showed isn't even something like the offered product?

The product shown is the optimal, best case scenario version of the food they make. All of the food you see in a McDonald’s commercial is actual McDonald’s food cooked in an actual McDonald’s Kitchen. The ad agency just makes a lot (like hundreds) of versions until they get the best one and then instead of putting it under a heat lamp or leaving it in a box for however many minutes, they surround it with food that is not being advertised that can be as fake as they want as well as light it, frame it and film it to look as good as possible.


Question: The pictures of 2 different colored water(seas and oceans) meeting are they real? If then how it happens?

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 The pictures of 2 different colored water(seas and oceans) meeting are they real? If then how it happens?

It often happens when fresh water meets sea water in a fiver estuary. Fresh water can carry a lot of silt in suspension. Small electrical charges on the surface of minerals like clay keep them repelling each other so they don't clump together and fall out as a precipitate. The extra salt content of salt water cancels this effect. So you get silt-laden water with a greenish or sandy colour meeting a clearer blue, particle free sea. You can get other sources of different colour. Warmer water with algae growing in it meeting colder, clear water for instance.


Question: Why countries with deficitary balance of payments try to devalue its currency to export more goods instead trying to strengthen the same currency to make imports cheaper?

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 Why countries with deficitary balance of payments try to devalue its currency to export more goods instead trying to strengthen the same currency to make imports cheaper?

Strengthening the currency can be done effectively in the short term, but not the long term. This is because it is done by central banks purchasing the domestic currency with reserves of foreign currency. This increases demand for your currency and therefore increases it's value, but eventually those reserves of foreign currencies run out. Also, the goal of devaluing your own currency isn't to change the prices of imports/exports per se, it's to change the 'real' (adjusted for exchange rate) value of those exports. Appreciating your own currency will make imports cheaper, which will mean that people will demand more of them and fewer of your exports will be demanded by the rest of the world. This is the opposite of what you want if you want to shift the balance of payments into surplus. You want to be making your own exports cheap whilst making imports more expensive. Remember, we're concerned with REAL values of the goods traded. You can't just make up their relative value.


Question: Why does yawning change the pitch of music/audio?

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 Why does yawning change the pitch of music/audio?

It doesn’t. It just lowers the volume of the higher sounds while mainly leaving the low end the same. I assume this is because high pitches are very “directional” and lose volume “going around corners” and trough objects. Lower pitches tend to go just.. everywhere. This is why you feel the bass in your chest at a concert but not the guitar or anything high pitched. Yawning, I assume, squashes/compresses the ear canal, making a direct path for the higher pitches less available.


Question: How do large area WLAN networks work?

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 How do large area WLAN networks work?

exactly like you suggested. There are a lot of Access Points (not routers) that broadcast the same network (ESSID), with the same security settings. Every Access Point has a unique ID (BSSID), which a client also sees. So your PC or phone or whatever notices that the same network is broadcasts by different devices. It then choses the one with the best signal. Your phone constantly checks whether it sees a different access point with a better signal. It then switches the acces points it connects to without you noticing.


Question: What's the process of inventing medicine?

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 What's the process of inventing medicine?

1. Many leads for drug discovery actually start from plants with traditional/folkloric use. Meaning if the plant is used traditionally for treating infection, for example, it is a prime candidate for antibiotic drug screening. But nowadays with the existence of high throughput assays, screening thousands of plants for bioactivity in a relatively short span of time is possible. 2. If by chance an active compound is found/synthesized, drug formulation is another story. It has to be tailored into something that we are able to absorb, reach the target tissue or organ, broken down to the active form, and exit the body without complications. These are really simplified answers but I hope this helps.


Question: How does a chemical computer work?

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 How does a chemical computer work?

A normal computer basically uses a long series of switches that flip on and off based on the states of other switches. A program is just a list of what switches to flip in what order. A chemical computer does the same thing but uses chemical reactions as switches. The concentration of chemicals determines the state of each switch. Currently chemical computers are extremely limited in that we can barely get them to do simple math. This article has a bit more detail URL_0


Question: Why do we get nervous talking to crowds but not talking to one person? A crowd is just one person repeated many times.

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 Why do we get nervous talking to crowds but not talking to one person? A crowd is just one person repeated many times.

We do get nervous when speaking to one person. There's a number of ways they could find out we don't know what we're saying, or find a flaw in our reasoning. More people means there's more eyes scrutinizing how we look and move, and ears analysing what we say. There's more ways we can be "discovered"


Question: What happens to a battery when it reaches 100% charge and stays charging?

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 What happens to a battery when it reaches 100% charge and stays charging?

Dumb old batteries like lead acid and nickel cadmium can handle trickle charging indefinitely; excess charge will just turn into heat. Trickle charging generally means a rate that will take at least ten hours to fully recharge the battery. Anything charging faster than that has to have an automated system to work out when to stop. Or else overheating and battery destruction with the potential for fire or even explosions. Modern lithium based batteries are more finicky and over charging them, even at slow rates can cause fires. Battery packs and/or the devices they go in contain intelligence to monitor the charging and have it stop at the appropriate time based on things like voltage, time spent charging, rates of charge and temperature. Devices were long battery life is required, e.g., electric cars, might not ever fully charge or fully discharge the batteries.


Question: Why is usb a serial port and not a parallel port?

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 Why is usb a serial port and not a parallel port?

It is serial because the transfer speed that was required could be managed with just two data lines with differential signaling. It also has two wires for power so a total of 4 wires. If you can have fewer wires you can make cheaper connectors and cables. USB is designed to be a way to connect stuff. This is the main reason that USB is series because it will be cheaper. Later USB standard add extra wires for dor signaling so USB 3.0 have2 additional differential pairs and a signal round for a total of 9 wires. The extra wires allowed higher transfer speed. USB-C has 23 pins connectors but only 16 wires and a shield in the cable. The difference is because some pins are duplicated do the connector can be flipped. It uses 6 wire pairs for singaling. & #x200B; Even if USB 3.0 and the USB C has multiple pairs of wire for signaling they still operate as serial connection side by side. A parallel connection would require the same timing on all wires and you would need an extra clock wire. It also requires tighter tolerances for the wire and connectors. Using them as a separate serial connection that is self-clocking is a simple way to obtain high speed. Parallel connection is simple to use if the speed you operate at is not limited by the performance of the wire but of the electronic, that drive it but it get harder and harder to do when you start to be harder and harder to do if you include signaling speed so you are closer to what is possible with the wire.


Question: Why do pyramid schemes always fail?

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 Why do pyramid schemes always fail?

In the simplest form you get 10 people and tell the to "each get 10 unique people". That's not possible, because there isn't an infinite number of people. Eventually somebody gets the last person. Then the last person, and everybody else in the "just found" list (billions of people) fails because there aren't any more people to find. If you remove the "unique" requirement, then you and the first 10 people stay in a ring of 11 where everybody pays 10 people and gets paid once. Nobody makes any money, and this is the best version of the game.


Question: What is a lien on a property?

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 What is a lien on a property?

There are two different kinds of rights you can have: personal rights, and property rights. The vast, vast, vast, majority of rights we have are personal. "I owe YOU $2.00", or "YOU owe THE BANK $30,000.00". However one of the interesting characters of law that developed hundreds, and hundreds, of years ago, is that some rights are not just personal, they are attached to property. For example, if I have a mortgage on your house, it doesn't matter whether you go bankrupt, whether you die, whether you get divorced, whether you kill someone and go to jail. I still get paid my mortgage (subject to the hundred and one exceptions that exist to any six word legal summary). On the other hand, if the value of the house goes down, and suddenly it is only worth 100K, but I have a 200K mortgage... well I might be in trouble there. Now, today, most property rights also have a personal right component. In Canada if the house goes down to 100K, and I'm owed 200K, I sell the house, and then sue you for the unpaid balance. A lien is the property component of one of these dual rights. Yes if you pay a guy to pave your driveway "YOU owe HIM the contract amount." But at the same time if you don't pay he can generally get a lien on the property and then if it is going to be sold, or mortgaged, the buyer or lender will require the lien be paid out. *BTW OP, talk to a lawyer asap, you should know your rights and obligations from someone who can give you the details in your jurisdiction. Liens can expire for example.


Question: how do IQ test actually determine a person’s intelligence?

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 how do IQ test actually determine a person’s intelligence?

First off, what is intelligence? If its defined by how well you score on an IQ test, then yeah that's how intelligent you are. The IQ test tests certain aspects of higher brain functions that people think are aspects of intelligence, such as logic and deduction, pattern matching, language skills, math, etc. So if you do well on those questions then by the IQ tests standard, you are intelligent, and how intelligent you are depends on how many questions you get right. Theres a saying, "book smart" vs "street smart". Being able to read and analyze information might not help you survive on the streets where other aspects of "intelligence" are needed such as persuasion, blackmailing/bribery, judging how other people will behave, being able to read social cues, etc. So it all depends on what your definition of intelligence is and how you wanna measure it. IQ test measures certain aspects of higher brain functions and uses how many questions you get right as the stick.


Question: What's the significance of weight distribution when racing?

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 What's the significance of weight distribution when racing?

The center of weight in a car is directly related to how it behaves when pushed to the limit. The further forward it is the more understeer you get and the further back it is the more oversteer you get. Having more weight on your drive tyres increases grip during acceleration and having more weight on your steer tyres increases cornering speed. Having the weight high up on the car means it moves more as the suspension is loaded and unloaded.


Question: How come the extreme pressure at the ocean floor isn't making the water boil? (Like high pressure areas on land equals higher temperatures) I've heard the temperature underwater actually goes as low as 33°F

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 How come the extreme pressure at the ocean floor isn't making the water boil? (Like high pressure areas on land equals higher temperatures) I've heard the temperature underwater actually goes as low as 33°F

Forget about temperature for the first part. Water is made of molecules. Molecules in liquid water are relatively free to move, but they are still slightly attached to other molecules, so they don't "escape". When water becomes a gas, the molecules escape. If we increase pressure, we constrain the motion of these molecules. Water at higher pressure needs more temperature to boil, because we don't let the molecules escape freely. The second part, temperature. Pressure alone does not increase temperature. It's necessary to compress something (change its volume) to introduce energy (which, in part, increases temperature). Liquids have a hard time changing its volume, so it's very difficult to change their temperature by compressing them. Finally, water at the bottom of the ocean is cold not because of the pressure, but because cold water is denser than hot water, so it sinks. In equilibrium, water at the bottom is colder than water at the top. Edit: Remember, PV=nRT only works for ideal gases. Water is not an ideal gas, especially liquid water.


Question: why are 5-6 year old kids all over the world fascinated with dinosaurs? It seems like at certain age all kids independent of culture they come from know all the dinosaurs and are just Dino experts. Why is that?

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 why are 5-6 year old kids all over the world fascinated with dinosaurs? It seems like at certain age all kids independent of culture they come from know all the dinosaurs and are just Dino experts. Why is that?

Well they've been around long enough to have encountered plenty of animals and get a sense for what they're like. Then you tell them that the world used to be full of giant monsters. And this isn't a made up story it's real. Why wouldn't they be fascinated? It's new and extremely different, scary and at the same time completely safe since they're all long gone. and as an added bonus it comes with lot's of toys and books. As Adults we're a little more Jaded. Many people are still interested in them, But it's not new to us. We've known about them for decades. Not many things hold the interest for that long.


Question: What's the purpose of the white, crescent shaped part of the fingernail/ toenail?

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 What's the purpose of the white, crescent shaped part of the fingernail/ toenail?

URL_1 It's called the Lunula. A little behind your nail is an area called the matrix. This is where the cells are developed to create new nail (kind of like a hair follicle but for nails). The Lunula is the front of the matrix. Not everyone's nails have them, because sometimes the entire matrix is behind the nail, under the skin. Edit: for anyone that doesn't know what OP was talking about URL_0


Question: Why do some people prefer sleeping on their sides while others prefer sleeping on their stomach or back?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some people prefer sleeping on their sides while others prefer sleeping on their stomach or back?

People are different. I for one sleep on my sides and my back. I prefer to sleep on my back because I have lots of lower back problems and it alleviates issues I have with that, but during the night I have to switch to my side at times because my arms go numb from the pressure on my spine. There's too many different reasons to list why some prefer one way or another, it's all personal preference.


Question: what is the purpose of the value e?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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</answer>
 what is the purpose of the value e?

The mathematical constant e is referred to as representing natural growth. Unlike other popular constants like pi, e does not have a handy visual to explain it. Instead it can be thought of using banks and interest: (For true ELI5, interest means "the bank will add 'this much' to your money at the specified time) If we have a bank that generously offers 100% interest every year, and you give them $1, then after a year you will have $2. But wait! A rival bank wants to offer 50% interest TWICE a year if you bank with them. At first, you may think that 50% twice = 100% once, but that isn't the case. After 6 months with this bank, your total + interest will be $1.50. Then another 6 months later it would be $2.25, getting $0.75 from 50% of the $1.50. So it would seem that even if the % interest adds to the same 100%, getting it more often leads to giving you more money! So what about a bank that offers 25% interest every 3 months? Or 8.3% every month? How about an inconceivablely small percentage interest at every fraction of a millisecond throughout the year? You'll find that the final amount tends toward the value of e if you were able to gain interest at a "natural" rate of growth. 100% once a year: $2 50% twice a year: $2.25 25% four times a year: $2.4414 8.3% twelve times a year: $2.613035 Every possible moment in a year: $2.71828 (approaching the value of e) e is also important in Calculus and the natural log, but those are waaaay beyond a 5 year old.


Question: Why would AirPower have created so much heat?

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 Why would AirPower have created so much heat?

Running electricity through anything creates heat. All chargers create heat. Because wireless power is mysterious people like to play up the death ray idea and pretend it was like bursting into flame or something, but phones have a ton of very delicate requirements and things like thermal cycling of a few degrees in the wrong place can degrade screens unevenly and stuff. It doesn't mean it was being on fire or being too hot to hold or anything extreme like that.


Question: How do scientists figure out the distance between planets and galaxies?

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 How do scientists figure out the distance between planets and galaxies?

Let's say I gave you a ruler, and told you to measure the length of Manhattan. How would you go about doing that? Obviously, measuring it one foot at a time would be impractical. But you could use the ruler to measure the length of one of your steps. You count how many steps were in a city block, then just count the number of blocks between the Staten Island Ferry and the Harlem River. It wouldn't be perfectly accurate or precise...not all your steps would be the same, and not all city blocks are the same. But it would be good enough to tell you it was 10-15 miles long, and definitely not 5 or 50. We measure stellar distances the same way, with what is called the Cosmic Distance Ladder. This starts with the size of earth's orbit. This was first measured in the 18th Century by observing Venus pass in front of the sun and later confirmed with radar and spacecraft. This provides us with a precise figure for the Astronomical Unit (AU), which is the basis for the measuring the distance to the closest stars. Hold your thumb out at arm's length, and look at it, first with one eye closed, then they other. You'll notice how it seems to jump back and forth compared to the background. This is called parallax, and we could estimate the length of your arm from how much your thumb is jumping. We can do the same with a star, by observing it on January 1st, then looking at it again on July 1st. If it is close to the earth, it will jump a little, because the earth's position will have changed by 2 AU. We can use this draw a great big triangle, do some math, and come up with a good estimate for the star's distance. 61 Cygni was the first star to be measured in this way, in the early 19th Century, and found to be about 12 light years away. With modern equipment, we can use this technique to accurately measure stars within about 1000 light-years. The next rungs on the ladder are what are known as standard candles. All 100-watt light bulbs are equally bright, so if you knew you were looking at one off in the distance, you could figure out how far away it was by measuring its apparent brightness. The tricky bit is doing it with stars, as some stars are much brighter than others. There is a special kind of star known as a Cepheid variable. They change in brightness at very regular intervals, and the faster the change, the brighter they are. You can measure how fast they change (their period), and know whether you are looking at the equivalent of a 10-watt star or 200 watts. There are Cepheid variables close enough to measure using stellar parallax. Much like you used the size of your step to measure a city block, once you know the distance of one Cepheid, you know the distance of all of them. In the 1920s, Edwin Hubble (namesake of the Hubble telescope) shocked the world when he found a Cepheid in the Andromeda Nebula (now Galaxy), determining it was 2 million light years away, and showing the universe to be far larger than we previously thought. Cepheid variables and other standard candles are good out to a few million light years. Supernovae can be used as standard candles as well, at a few billion light years, but you have to be lucky enough to find a galaxy with one in progress. To go beyond this, you need to measure red-shift. Hubble also noticed the further away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us. This stretches the light waves out, shifting them towards the red end of the spectrum. Elements in stars, like hydrogen, have a distinctive spectral pattern. By observing how far the pattern is shifted, we can tell how fast an object is receding from us, and that value corresponds with its distance. This allows us to measure the distance up to the limits of the known universe, about 13 billion light years away. How do we know it is accurate? Just like we went from a ruler to a step to a block to an island, we climb the cosmic distance ladder. We measure the distance from the earth to the sun directly. We use that value to get the nearest stars through parallax. Some of those stars will be standard candles, and we can use their distance to measure any galaxies we find them in. And some of those galaxies will be red-shifted, so we can use their distance to measure all other red-shifted galaxies. This is a pretty awesome illustration of how science works, one discovery building on another, one technique extending another, often spanning centuries. When a satellite in space gathers data to measure a newly discovered quasar, it is all as based on a chance encounter with Venus 250 years ago.


Question: Why do human mutations always seem to be degenerative instead of useful?

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 Why do human mutations always seem to be degenerative instead of useful?

If you have a useful mutation you often won't notice anything is different, won't bother to tell doctors and/or nobody will do anything to spread awareness of it. I've always been able to read things from further away than anyone I've ever met and my fingers can bend all the way back on themselves without causing me any pain. These aren't harmful so when I realised these things were different I just carried on with my day. But if you have a harmful mutation, you'll most likely go to doctors about it. If it's something new then people will write about it. If it's common then people will be researching how to treat it and manage it and raising funds and awareness to do so. Due to this, you'll be much more likely to end up hearing about harmful mutations than beneficial or mundane ones.


Question: How did individuals interact with banks before computers and modern technology?

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 How did individuals interact with banks before computers and modern technology?

The very first banks were created during the Renaissance so that merchants could deposit money in their home city, get a certificate of deposit, and then travel to another city. People knew that the certificate represented money in that other bank and they would accept it as if it were money. This removed the need to travel with physical money. Before computers and modern technology there were still means of communication that allowed banks to interact with their customers and other banks. Going backwards in time you have telephones, telegraph and eventually mail service. So, the basic idea that you deposit money in one location and withdraw it in another absolutely existed before modern technology. Fun fact, in the early days of America, each bank printed their own paper money. When you deposit gold into a bank in New York that bank would give you a piece of paper that represented that gold. That paper would be different from any other bank's. The farther away you got from New York, the less it would be worth. A bank in Georgia wouldn't want to accept the face value of the note because they knew it was a huge hassle to get the money from the bank in New York and there was a higher chance that the note was fraudulent. So, they would offer you less than a bank in Connecticut would offer you.


Question: Why does opening new tabs make me forget in the same way when you walk into a room?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
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 Why does opening new tabs make me forget in the same way when you walk into a room?

When your brain is doing a specific task, sometimes it gets caught up in the smaller tasks it has to do to get there and accidentally erases the original task while in “Complete!” mode. It has something to do with short-term memory transitioning into long-term memory, where there’s apparently some kind of blind spot between the two that makes it hard to functionally recall the idea in your mind until much later. It also has something to do with the brain taking in a new environment. Every time you walk into a room, your brain has to take a moment to process your surroundings and recall the information about said room. Sometimes, this is so powerful of an instinct that it erases the task it had in memory in order to recall the other memory about the environment, but it happens so fast that we just blank out. Since surfing the web is a similar process as exploring terrain, this problem sometimes overlaps with our internet habits.


Question: why do public sector bodies pay tax?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do public sector bodies pay tax?

For income tax, it's just easier to make everyone follow the same rules regardless of what organisation employs them. Public sector bodies could work that into their pay scales instead. So for a job that would earn £50,000 in the private sector, they could just pay them around £37,000 instead, but tax free. But then it complicates advertising the jobs because you'd have to make it clear the pay is lower because its tax free. Plus in the UK most people have their taxes automatically taken out of their pay, even if they work in the private sector, via the PAYE system. So from the employee's point of view, you're not really changing anything as they don't usually have to actually pay their taxes from their own bank account anyway. Then there's income outside of their job. If you didn't tax people who work in the public sector, how do you tax any other income they have? It would be a bit unfair to tax that as if it was their only income, where as someone in the private sector would have that taxed on top of the income from their job. All in all, it's just easier to use the same system as used for the private sector.


Question: why can't we make up a number that is the result of a division by 0, just like we did with i?

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 why can't we make up a number that is the result of a division by 0, just like we did with i?

We could make up a number like that. The question is, does it unlock any interesting new mathematics? When we defined the square root of -1 to be *i*, it enabled very rich, new mathematical fields, with broad applications to not only other fields of math but also physics and engineering. Underpinning all of this was the fact that *i* had very well defined mathematical properties. The problem with making up a number for division by zero, is that its properties would have to be very weird and confusing, and nobody thinks that it would unlock any new fields of math or engineering.


Question: P(Event A) happening to be 0.5%, if I attempt 100 tries, the probability of it happening at least once would be (1-0.995^100)= ~0.6. However, say if I attempt 100 tries, and I stop half way through at 60 tries, with none of the previous 60 attempts successful, will it affect my probability?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 P(Event A) happening to be 0.5%, if I attempt 100 tries, the probability of it happening at least once would be (1-0.995^100)= ~0.6. However, say if I attempt 100 tries, and I stop half way through at 60 tries, with none of the previous 60 attempts successful, will it affect my probability?

Randomness has no memory. Each coin toss has 50% chance of landing toss. Doesn't matter how often you threw it and how often you got a certain result. The result is independant from previous AND future results - otherwise it's not truly randomness. What you're calculating is the probabilty of one success within 100 tries. Those tries don't need to be consecutive. If you try 1000 times then randomly pick 100 tries the probabilty that one of those is a success will be those 60 percent.


Question: How do large crowds seem to always sing on pitch?

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 How do large crowds seem to always sing on pitch?

If you measure the pitch accuracy of the members of the crowd, as with many things in nature, they would follow a normal distribution (a bell curve) and the perceived pitch accuracy of the crowd is going to match the average pitch accuracy of it's member. As a consequence, outliers matter less in a crowd then in a solo performance. If you add more people to the crowd, you would expect that the pitch accuracy of the crowd would be even closer to the pitch accuracy of it's members. However, it isn't true in general that crowds sing on pitch. If the pitch accuracy of the members is very poor, then the pitch accuracy of the crowd will also be very poor. You might have experienced this in your life if you've watched a young children's choir.


Question: Why is the magnetic north changing position and why is it happening faster now? Also is the magnetic south exactly in the antipode of the magnetic north or can it be elsewhere?

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 Why is the magnetic north changing position and why is it happening faster now? Also is the magnetic south exactly in the antipode of the magnetic north or can it be elsewhere?

The magnetic poles are in a constant (albeit slow) state of motion. As the molten core of the earth reacts to rotation, gravitational changes and its own motion, the magnetic field that it generates wanders. Imagine an orange inside its peel. The segments would be roughly representative of the way the magnetic fields are aligned, with the rind representing the earth's crust. Now imagine the rind and segments separated by a thin layer of fluid that allows them to slide around on each other. Spin the sphere and the segments take a minute to "catch-up" to the rind. That displacement is why the poles wander. We don't know that things are happening any faster or slower than "normal" because we haven't been studying it long enough to know what "normal" is. We know that polar shifts have occurred in the past...and it may be a totally "normal" occurrence. Beneficial, disruptive or chaotic natural phenomenon simply is what it is.


Question: How come I'm seeing mobile game ads on youtube that directly uses ripped footage from a completely different game, and why is it not getting taken off quickly as it should?

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 How come I'm seeing mobile game ads on youtube that directly uses ripped footage from a completely different game, and why is it not getting taken off quickly as it should?

The company that has their content plagerized/stolen would have to go through the process with youtube/google about getting the ads removed. That's not instant, and likely the original content makers are not aware of which ones are doing this. Also, if one is taken down, they'll just slightly change their skin and name and pop right back up.


Question: what exactly is the the white powdery substance inside balloons?

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 what exactly is the the white powdery substance inside balloons?

It's talcum powder. It helps keep the balloons from sticking to each other, especially during the production process. They're made by sticking a mold in to a bath of liquid rubber or silicone then dipping that coated mold in to a solution of talcum and water so that when they are removed they don't stick to one another.


Question: Why did the British not face any consequences after oppressing, exploiting and colonizing almost every country to ever exist?

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 Why did the British not face any consequences after oppressing, exploiting and colonizing almost every country to ever exist?

Because when they did it there was no higher authority. You also lay a lot on the British door, but it was pretty common for many countries to a degree that you may not fully appreciate. Belgians in the Congo as it were. France all over the place. Spain and Portugal. Little bit of Italian action especially when you go back to say Rome. The Asians in the Africans did it as well, in different periods of time. Taking other people's shit was just sort of the way of the age for virtually all of human history. Only after World war II did we really start taking the idea of holding a sovereign government accountable to the world. And there hasn't been a lot of colonialism, had leased over colonialism, since then. But even so, who's going to really stop anybody other than the court of public opinion and some strongly worded letters? Holding governments accountable, let alone spanking them, is more of a concept than something anyone is empowered to do.


Question: Why are (pretty much) all tires black?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are (pretty much) all tires black?

The rubber that tires are sourced from is a milky white color, but carbon black is added to the rubber as a stabilizing chemical compound and makes the tire black. ... Carbon black protects the tire from the damaging effects of UV light and ozone, two known elements that contribute to the deterioration of the tire.


Question: why does milk go sour if it's not in the fridge for too long, but butter can be on the counter for days and be perfectly fine?

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 why does milk go sour if it's not in the fridge for too long, but butter can be on the counter for days and be perfectly fine?

Bacteria live in milk and make it spoil. What these bacteria need to survive is an environment that they can live in - with lots of fluid so that they don't dry out - while they eat the sugars in the milk and turn it into lactic acid, which causes milk to spoil. When you make butter, you separate out the fat from most of the liquid, meaning that butter has a very low water content compared to milk. This makes it harder for bacteria to live in it and helps it stay preserved longer - even if you refrigerate milk, it'll go bad after a couple of weeks, while butter will be edible for months. If you salt butter, it'll last even longer, because a salty environment basically sucks water out of bacteria cells and kill them. So salted butter lasts really well on the counter because it has low moisture and salt, two things that make it hard for bacteria to grow on it. Unsalted butter can't be left out as long, but it won't go bad nearly as quickly as milk that's been left out.


Question: Are there any noteworthy differences between a name brand medicine and the generic version?

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 Are there any noteworthy differences between a name brand medicine and the generic version?

Generic drugs work the same as name-brand drugs. ([Source:]( URL_0 ) Food and Drug Administration.) This is a standard they have to meet to be approved for use. In particular, generics must: * have the same active ingredient * have the same strength and administration method * have acceptable inactive ingredients * be manufactured under the same standards as the name-brand * provide the same clinical benefits


Question: how do rechargeable batteries work?

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 how do rechargeable batteries work?

Technically batteries don't store electricity. They create electricity through a chemical reaction. Rechargeable batteries work because some of those chemical reactions can be reversed by running electricity back through the battery in the reverse direction. A fully charged battery will be made up of chemical A. Through a chemical reaction it is converted to chemical B and electricity is created as a side effect. Run an electrical current back through the battery and it's converted back to chemical A.


Question: How do animals/insects know what to do? For example how does a bird know to gather materials to build a nest for their children? How does a Caterpillar know it must wrap itself in a cacoon although it's never done that before or has been taught to do that?

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 How do animals/insects know what to do? For example how does a bird know to gather materials to build a nest for their children? How does a Caterpillar know it must wrap itself in a cacoon although it's never done that before or has been taught to do that?

They have instincts. Whether or not these instincts even count as knowing something is debatable. but basically, their genetics sets their neural network up in such a way that it responds to a certain stimulus with a certain response. So a caterpillar has a neural network that is set up by its DNA such that when it reaches a certain age, a trigger engages and the behavior of looking for a place to form a cocoon engages.


Question: what's happening when I'm thinking nonsensical things before sleep?

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 what's happening when I'm thinking nonsensical things before sleep?

When you are fully asleep you're brain is active in different ways than when you're awake. I dont think theres a solid answer yet for why is acts this way. So as you start falling asleep you can sometimes still be conscious when this starts to happen. So your brain will be doing it's own thing, and your conscious self is trying to piece together what is happening.


Question: What’s the point of logarithmic dimming curve?

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 What’s the point of logarithmic dimming curve?

A logarithmic dimming curve results in the perceived light level changing linearly You don't see 500 lumens as half as bright as 1000 lumens, you see it being 70% as bright, and 250 lumens as half as bright If you use a linear dimming curve and a rotary dimmer then half your perceived dimming range is in the highest 75% of the knobs movement, and the other half(the part you care about) is squeezed into just 25% with quarter brightness being just 6% through the knob's rotation A logarithmic dimming curve makes it so the knob being set to the middle looks half as bright as max, and 25% looks roughly a quarter as bright. It makes the dimmer behave how you expect it should (half is half, quarter is quarter). Unfortunately this all goes to hell with LED bulbs


Question: How can tabloids run stories that are verifiably fake and not get sued into oblivion?

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 How can tabloids run stories that are verifiably fake and not get sued into oblivion?

Mostly because in most places it is actually really, really hard to sue somebody for libel. You have to demonstrate that the claims are faults, that the party making the claim knew they were faults, and that some quantifiable degree of damage has occurred. In addition, tabloids are often able to use refuge in audacity to get away with things. If they could convince a court that a reasonable person would not believe the story they printed, then it doesn't even matter if the story was vaults and obviously intended to be harmful.


Question: Why does static electricity sometimes make a sound at high elevations?

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 Why does static electricity sometimes make a sound at high elevations?

Holy crap that's terrifying. That sound is lightning looking for somewhere to hit. Basically, there's a bunch of little currents / eddies of electricity, swirling around looking for a path from the cloud to the ground. As you move your hand, you're changing how big those circles are, which changes their pitch. Stick around and eventually they'll line up into a short circuit, and you'll get hit by lightning.


Question: How was the first clock programmed?

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 How was the first clock programmed?

pretty much everything these days uses a crystal oscillator, such as quartz, which you can manufacture at difference frequencies. these oscillators "vibrate" or modify an electrical field at a precise frequency which you can then use to generate clocks for digital circuits or keep track of time for watches. there are other types of oscillators which vibrate at different frequencies depending on what your use is.


Question: What is the difference between a college and a university in the USA?

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 What is the difference between a college and a university in the USA?

A college is an institution that offers classes and can grant you a degree. A university can be thought of as a set of colleges (college of Engineering, college of Arts and Sciences, etc) strongly affiliated together, and usually doing some sort of advanced research or offering advanced degrees (Masters, PhD). Some institutions that are actually universities, call themselves colleges for historical reasons. One is not necessarily better than the other.


Question: Why does hyperthreading increase CPU performance?

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 Why does hyperthreading increase CPU performance?

A CPU core has many parts. One accesses memory, one performs simple arithmetic (addition, subtraction, etc), multiplication is usually a separate piece, floating point is separate, encryption is separate, etc. Hyperthreading takes advantage by trying to run two jobs at the same time but having them share the parts of the CPU. If one wants to execute a multiplication instruction and the other wants to decrypt data, both can run at the same time. It's only when they want to use the same part that they have to take turns. So hyperthreading isn't a doubling of speed due to these situations where they bump into each other, but it can really help. It's like having two cooks in a kitchen. Though there's still only one sink, one oven, and one cutting board, you can still get dinner prepared faster by having another person working. Not double speed, but a lot better.


Question: What are memories and how are we able to conjure up older ones at random?

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 What are memories and how are we able to conjure up older ones at random?

Apparently every time we remember something the original memory gets overlaid by the memory of it, if that makes any sense, so if you’re remembering something from years ago you aren’t recalling it exactly, you are remembering a memory of a memory... x however many times you’ve gone back to it.. that was what I picked up from a YouTube video on memory years ago This doesn’t really answer your question but I always thought it was interesting so thought I’d share


Question: During commercial breaks, why do they sometimes play half a second of one commercial before switching to another?

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 During commercial breaks, why do they sometimes play half a second of one commercial before switching to another?

Saw this from a guy who scheduled TV commercials Every hour of television, there are two local breaks, one minute each. If your local cable company sells that time, a local ad will run. If your local cable company does not sell that time, it defaults to whatever the network chose, usually a specific type of ad called "Direct Response." Sometimes the Networks center and the Cable Company's center are not in synch. Watch FX, it's off by about 5 seconds. Most networks it's no more than 1 second.


Question: Why is there a time jump when sleeping, and what could be a reason for it?

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 Why is there a time jump when sleeping, and what could be a reason for it?

Think of it this way. Let's say you are recording a video or an audio clip--doesn't matter which-- and you pause the recording for 5 minutes the resume. When you play it back, those 5 mintues don't exist to the recording. That time is jumped over. The time happened, but because the recording was paused, it seems from the recording that it was skipped completely. Same thing for your. You are asleep, so your mind stops recording memories and sensations, at least in the normal way. When you wake up, you perceive only what was recorded, not the part that was not.