Question: What can Nebraska do to better manage its budget during difficult fiscal times?

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 What can Nebraska do to better manage its budget during difficult fiscal times?

State policymakers involved in drafting state budgets will face increasing difficulties in coming years as the rising cost of spending obligations such as schools, health care, and pension funds strains states’ ability to pay for them. At the same time, federal support for state programs will continue to shrink as the federal government is forced to grapple with its own fiscal problems. States will need to either reform their budgets or raise taxes as a proportion of income. This decision could be game-changing both for state budgets and for federalism more broadly.
Economist Michael D. Thomas focuses on trends in the state of Nebraska, which faces a looming fiscal problem. The expansion in the scope of tasks the state now manages, not just in terms of federal programs but also in terms of funding local programs, has resulted in spending mismatches with local priorities and a state government that is squeezed between the federal and local governments. The way forward is to set realistic priorities for spending at the state level. Nebraska has long benefited from a relatively good fiscal position, and is therefore in a better position to manage this task than other states.
The budgetary squeeze refers to a phenomenon of budgetary pressures that is affecting every state, including Nebraska. As program costs rise, Nebraska is increasingly budgeting for the short term. With a state government squeezed between budgetary obligations to both federal and local programs, political rhetoric shrinks to a choice to cut spending or increase taxes.
The squeeze comes from two sides: local to state and federal to state.
Since Nebraska attained statehood, it has placed a strong constraint on revenue (and therefore on spending as well). Limited to funding by a state property tax for decades, Nebraska policy making was constrained, such that the state could not deliver all the services voters wanted.
In the 1960s, Omaha’s public schools were in crisis. As urban flight worsened economic segregation, the state and federal governments’ aid fell short of what was needed.
Omaha’s school district then annexed surrounding school districts in order to help make up the funding difference.
In 1967–1968, Nebraska introduced an income tax and a state sales tax, and these measures led to increased tax collections over time.
Meaningful reform had to avoid setting policy through piecemeal reactions to short-run events, and instead take a longer-term, big-picture view while formulating policy.
The US government has benefited for some time from very low interest rates on sovereign debt, allowing it to spend much more freely than it would if it were paying a higher rate to borrow funds that will obligate future taxpayers.
At various times states have been skeptical about the likelihood that the federal government will continue to fund mandates into the future. Nebraska fears increasing its dependence on funds from the federal government.
Nebraska is a net recipient of federal tax dollars, according to a Tax Foundation report covering 1981–2005. The $1.10 received per $1 spent places Nebraska squarely in the middle of the pack of states receiving tax transfers from other states.
This is a good position to be in at the moment, but as the federal budget position weakens owing to increased entitlement spending on programs such as Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid, the pressure on states to fund greater portions of these programs increases.
Nebraska has many options for reform. The “dynamic” approach to the fiscal commons, that is, the common pool of fiscal resources, points out that all the pathologies in policy were arrived at one step at a time and therefore can be corrected one step at a time.
School choice is a great opportunity to get more out of every dollar spent on education. Moving away from thinking of schools as geographic monopolies can help solve this school funding problem.
Regarding pensions, tensions remain after a major pension reform in 2015 because current public-sector workers feel they are owed defined benefits on terms originally promised.
It can reduce the tax rates on property so the extra revenue, currently returned through a tax rebate, is not collected in the first place.
It can create a clearer distinction between state and local spending so that each government entity can set its own priorities.
If states like Nebraska continue to manage local issues and finance them out of the state budget, it is more likely that the states will finance expenditures that are lower priorities for voters than what voters might accept if each local government financed a larger share of its expenditures from local taxes.
Weathering the Next Recession: How Prepared Is Nebraska?


Question: What can you tell me about China's recent space launches?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What can you tell me about China's recent space launches?

Three Chinese military surveillance spacecraft and an experimental nanosatellite rode a Long March 4C rocket into orbit Tuesday.
The Long March 4C rocket took off at 0425 GMT (12:25 a.m. EDT; 12:25 p.m. Beijing time) from the Jiuquan space center located in the Inner Mongolia region of northwestern China, according to the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp.
The three-stage, liquid-fueled rocket placed four satellites in an orbit around 680 miles (nearly 1,100 kilometers) above Earth, with an inclination of 63.4 degrees to the equator, according to tracking data published by the U.S. military.
The trio of Yaogan 31 military payloads are believed by Western analysts to be maritime reconnaissance satellites, helping Chinese military authorities track foreign naval movements. A nanosatellite that launched with the Yaogan 31 payloads will conduct unspecified technological experiments in space, Chinese state media reported.
Five previous Chinese launches in 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014 carried similar triplets of satellites into orbit under the Yaogan name, which is likely a codename for the country’s military spy satellites.
All of the earlier missions used Long March 4C rockets launched from Jiuquan to place satellite triplets into the same 680-mile-high orbit inclined 63.4 degrees to the equator.
Tuesday’s launch was a surprise to outside observers. China did not reveal plans for the mission through airspace closure notices, as it does for most space launches.
The launch Tuesday was the 11th for China this year — all successful. The country’s space program aims for up to 40 space launches in 2018.
China’s previous space launch March 31 also flew aboard a Long March 4C rocket, placing three Gaofen Earth-imaging satellites in orbit. The Gaofen series of Earth observations satellites are believed to be civilian-operated versions of the Yaogan satellite fleet, which are devoted to military purposes.
The China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp. said some members of the Long March 4C launch team will next travel to the Xichang space base in southwestern China to prepare for the liftoff of a communications relay craft for the Chang’e 4 lunar rover, which will attempt the first robotic landing on the far side of the moon late this year.
The Chang’e 4 relay satellite is scheduled for launch as soon as next month.


Question: Describe how the Saints and the Eagles are approaching the trade deadline. Respond in 10 sentences.

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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Describe how the Saints and the Eagles are approaching the trade deadline. Respond in 10 sentences.

The Saints and Eagles entered the season as two of the favorites in the NFC, and are also expected to be two of the most aggressive teams seeking additions prior to the trade deadline. That deadline is looming a week from Tuesday, with the Saints and Eagles sniffing around on some of the same players.
Both teams are seeing if there is a cornerback available at the right price who could bolster their secondary, sources said, and while the Eagles have been exploring trades for running backs for weeks, they are also open to adding a receiver, as well, sources said.
If there is a blockbuster trade, or two, completed at the deadline, rival general managers continue to point to these two teams as the most likely to be involved. Both are in Super Bowl Now mode, with the Eagles trying to repeat and the Saints, who made a bold move to trade up for emerging force Marcus Davenport, committed to trying to win another Lombardi Trophy before Drew Brees, 39, eventually retires.
League sources said those teams are eyeing some of the same potential trade candidates and that activity will only heighten as we get closer to the deadline. Both teams are checking on potential secondary receiving options – New Orleans was already doing so before putting Ted Ginn on IR last week, sources said. The Saints pass defense has suffered this season and that was heightened by the loss of slot corner Patrick Robinson for the year.
In general, these are two of the more proactive, forward-thinking front offices in the NFL, and have been involved in many recent massive trades (involving Jimmy Graham, Sam Bradford, Brandin Cooks, Jay Ajayi and Teddy Bridgewater, to name just a few) and have displayed a willingness to move future picks and assets in order to maximize their chances of winning now.
Expect the Saints and Eagles to be willing to do anything within reason to address a potential need.


Question: What is Alberta Cross' second album? Respond in 1 sentences.

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 What is Alberta Cross' second album? Respond in 1 sentences.

Songs of Patience is the second studio album by alternative rock band Alberta Cross.


Question: Who is Veronica Taylor? Respond in 434 words.

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Who is Veronica Taylor? Respond in 434 words.

Kathleen McInerney, professionally known as Veronica Taylor, is an American voice actress who worked on the English-language dub of the Pokémon anime by 4Kids Entertainment.
Taylor began acting in school plays when she was five years old. Wanting to take her acting skills further, she went to The Catholic University of America, where she participated in plays and acting workshops and continued to build on her acting skills at Brandeis University. She has also trained in voice acting and singing. Her first anime job came when her acting coach recommended her to the director. With reference to the interview with Veronica Taylor on YouTube, she appears to be embarrassed to voice Ash in public or in front of the camera, by covering her mouth when doing Ash's voice. She also revealed that she had to deepen her voice and do warm-ups and cool-downs in the process of voicing Ash in 4Kids. She can also be heard narrating audiobooks for authors like Judy Blume, Mary Kay Andrews, Danielle Steel and Wendy Mass.
Taylor, as well as Maddie Blaustein, Rachael Lillis, Jim Malone, and Norman Grossfeld, among others, did a commentary for Pokémon 4Ever. During this, Veronica revealed that she was embarrassed to do the voice of a male character, yet delighted to be a part of such a successful show.
Taylor voiced two of the main characters, Ash and May, and various other roles until the end of the eighth season, when Pokémon USA and TAJ Productions took over the dubbing and distribution of the anime. Her main roles were taken over by Sarah Natochenny (Ash and Delia) and Michele Knotz (May). She has not returned to provide voices in the anime since.
She is one of the few 4Kids voice actors that did not leave the series before TPCi's takeover to leave the series permanently.
Veronica Taylor was interviewed in the special 10th anniversary issue of Beckett Pokémon Unofficial Collector.
Taylor's favorite Pokémon are Pikachu and Lapras.
On the Adventures in Voice Acting DVD, Veronica Taylor stated that after recording her lines as Ash for the pilot, she was fired, saying that 4Kids wanted to hire a child instead. The idea was apparently rejected, since Veronica was rehired as Ash.
Sentret's voice is the unique combination of Veronica's voice and her daughter's voice.
In 2011, both she and Wayne Grayson would work together on Chuck Vanderchuck's Something Something Explosion exclusively for PBS Kids Go!. Grayson voices Chuck while Taylor voices Romona. Three years later, they would collaborate again. This time, it was Astroblast for Sprout and NBC. Taylor voices Sputnik while Grayson voices Comet.


Question: What do you think about Cornell University's orientation packet?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
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 What do you think about Cornell University's orientation packet?

An orientation packet handed out to freshmen at Cornell University this year separates “privileged” from “oppressed” students.
The packet lists gender, gender identity, race, sexual orientation, age, class, educational level, religion, nationality, childhood family structure, disability, ethnicity, size, use of English, and marital/parental status.
The packet makes no mention of the immense privilege it is to attend an institution like Cornell University.


Question: Respond in 134 words. Describe the album 'Kirite' by Yasunori Mitsuda.

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Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
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</answer>
 Respond in 134 words. Describe the album 'Kirite' by Yasunori Mitsuda.

, officially typeset kiЯitɘ (see album art), is a 2005 album composed by Yasunori Mitsuda based on "The Five Seasons of Kirite", a story by Masato Kato. Unlike their other previous major collaborations like "Chrono Trigger", "Xenogears" and "Chrono Cross", "Kirite" was never developed and published as a video game, but published as musical album bundled with Masato Kato's story text in Japanese and a collection of artistic nature photographs. The music of "Kirite" incorporates Celtic music, jazz and ambient noise influences.
"The Five Seasons of Kirite" by Masato Kato set inside a world of magic and fantasy, tells the story of a boy by the name Kirite, a girl by the name Kotonoha and a darkness by the name Orochi. When those three would meet, the world would silently start to go mad.


Question: Describe the video game news this week.

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Describe the video game news this week.

So there's a really big grade A title out this week. To show you guys I'm topical I'm doing a comic about it.
You were expecting something besides Luigi's Mansion? Also I couldn't resist redoing this.
I've barely had a chance to play the game, so expect a more critical response in the future. From what I've played so far it's pretty good.
This week is also GDC. Which means we've finally gotten the thrilling conclusion to Kojima's viral campaign! Er, sort of, anyway.
According to Kojima, the game announced as Metal Gear Solid: Ground Zeroes is a prologue that occurs 9 years before the game announced as The Phantom Pain. Together, the two titles make up Metal Gear Solid V. But this it Metal Gear Solid, a series rife with plot twists and misdirections. How do the two fit together? Why isn't David Hayter returning as Big Boss? Is the Fox Engine actually running on dark magic that makes it look awesome?


Question: Respond in 691 words. Describe the research being done by the millipede lab at Virginia Tech University.

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 Respond in 691 words. Describe the research being done by the millipede lab at Virginia Tech University.

They got legs, and they know how to use them.
If you’ve seen something with a lot of legs scuttling through your house, chances are it was not a millipede, but a centipede. You’re forgiven for not always being able to tell the difference. Centipedes are flat, with one set of spindly legs per segment. They’re venomous, carnivorous, and actually not a bad thing to have in the home, if you can stomach them, since they eat other bugs. Millipedes, on the other hand, are rounder like worms, with two sets of legs per segment, and feed on decaying plants.
“Millipedes play a very important but overlooked role for the environment,” says Paul Marek, an entomologist (they study more than just insects) at Virginia Tech University who, for the past four years, has been running the first and only millipede lab in the country.
“And there are a lot more of them than people realize.” Indeed, last time scientists counted there were 12,000 different species of millipede, from the delicately banded desert millipede to the garish, recently identified, poisonous Apheloria polychroma. The search for more goes on. “This part of the Appalachians has an outstanding biodiversity and we often encounter many species which are new to science,” Marek says.
In 2013, Marek became curator of the university’s 400,000-strong insect and arthropod collection, which dates back to the 19th century and includes many thousands of millipedes. “We looked at the specimens in that collection and mapped them on Google Earth,” he says. The resulting millipede map helps Marek’s team decide where to search next. “We like to think of our process of discovery as big obscure puzzle. Everytime we find a millipede we add a piece to that puzzle,” Hennen explains. “So it’s pretty fun.” These week-long discovery trips often stay close to home, but also extend to more far-flung locations, including California and Vietnam.
During one trip in California, Marek encountered a record-breaker—the world’s leggiest animal of any kind, a rare cave millipede with 750 legs. “It’s a very bizarre creature that is more similar to ancient millipedes than to the ones around today,” says Marek.
Another California find happened a few years ago, when Marek spotted a rare millipede that had not been reported for 50 years. “I found it and brought it back to the lab. But it was only when I was sitting back in the dark room—where the team develops millipede photos—that I realized it is bioluminescent.” Xystocheir bistipita turned out to be the southernmost species of bioluminescent millipede known to science, a discovery that filled a long-standing gap in the evolutionary history of this trait, which probably evolved as a warning to predators.
Finding, identifying, naming, and mapping new species of millipedes is more than a taxonomic exercise. They play an important ecological role, and many species in the Appalachians are at risk. By feeding on decaying wood and leaves, millipedes break down nutrients so they can then be taken back up by plants. “I like to think of them as little tractors going around and breaking things down,” says Jackson Means, a graduate student who has been working in the lab for three years. “And if we didn’t have them we would have a whole lot of dead leaves and logs lying around,” Marek adds.
In the Appalachians—forested mountains separated by waterways and valleys—many millipedes and other small creatures might have very narrow ranges, sometimes just a few square miles. This phenomenon, known as “short range endemism” means great diversity. “It’s great to do be based at the heart of the Appalachia, which is a millipede diversity hotspot in North America” says Marek. “It’s a way for us to tie our entomology research into the space we work in, it has this very local connection.
“But because of this short range endemism, if human development was to destroy even a small area of the forest we would lose a species that was never known to science.” And this is all too common in the Appalachians, where the range of an entire species can be swept aside in a single paroxysm of mountaintop removal coal mining.


Question: Hey, what do you know about MSpectralPan? Respond in 573 words.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Hey, what do you know about MSpectralPan? Respond in 573 words.

MSpectralPan is a powerful panner, which lets you apply panorama to each frequency individually. It is indespensable for mixing and also provides lots of creative potencial.
Modern user interfaces must not only be easy and quick to use, but also versatile and the whole visual appearance should inspire you. MSpectralPan features the most advanced GUI engine on the market. It is still the first and only GUI engine, which is freely resizable and stylable. It also lets you choose between knobs, sliders or buttons, whichever you like the most.
Your ears should always be the main judge, but a smart metering system can often be a huge help. MSpectralPan provides the most advanced metering system out there. The plugin can display the measurements of all relevant values using classic meters, or it can even show them in time using the time graphs. Everything is customisable as usual.
MSpectralPan provides 4 fully-featured modulators which can control any set of parameters including other modulators. Each modulator works as an LFO, level follower, midi/audio triggered ADSR enveloper, randomizer or pitch detector, or even a combination and can listen to the plugin\'s side-chain.
MSpectralPan lets you control multiple parameters using a single so-called multiparameter. This may not only come handy for automation for example, but the multiparameters are very smart units and you can use them to smartly morph between banks of settings for example. All in the name of creativity!
Most plugins change loudness of the output audio, which makes browsing presets inconvenient, not mentioning randomization. MSpectralPan includes automatic gain compensation, which quickly adapts to current settings and ensures the output sounds as loud as the input. This even protects you from thinking that something sounds better in cases it is just louder.
Some plugins can intensely increase gain when exposed to specific audio materials. MSpectralPan provides a safety brickwall limiter, which ensures the output stays below 0dB and prevents your equipment and your ears from potential danger automatically.
Digital audio provides very superior audio quality compared to ancient analog gear, but there are problems too. The main problem is the aliasing, which may be noticeable, when using nonlinear processes such as compression or saturation. MSpectralPan includes both minimum-phase and high-quality linear-phase upsampling algorithms, which avoids the aliasing.
MSpectralPan contains a powerful MIDI processor, which listen to MIDI controllers and MIDI keyboard and control any parameters realtime.
MSpectralPan provides the maximum audio quality you can get. It uses 64-bit audio processing and can handle any sampling rate. It does not make much sense to go over 192kHz, but if you think it is a good idea, the plugin can do that.
Computers are now extremely fast, but the algorithms are more complex and projects bigger, so we still need to use the processing power with care. MSpectralPan uses the fastest algorithms, takes advantage of the newest processor capabilities, lets your GPU hangle the graphics, and shares the resources with other MeldaProduction plugins. The plugin is among the fastest on the market, yet it provides the best possible audio quality.
MSpectralPan presets are carefully stored in a system database and you can quickly access them from any project in any host. The plugin can automatically share your presets and download presets of other users from our servers. We are building a community and you can be a part of it!
MSpectralPan supports all major hosts on both platforms. Check system requirements for information about compatibility and installation.


Question: Who was Zoltán Böszörmény?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 Who was Zoltán Böszörmény?

Zoltán Böszörmény (; 5 January 1893-?) was a leading exponent of Fascism in Hungary before the Second World War.


Question: Write an informative essay discussing how the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives can help reduce gun violence in the US.

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 Write an informative essay discussing how the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives can help reduce gun violence in the US.

ATF, the government agency tasked with regulating firearms, could help put a dent in our gun violence epidemic. But Republicans have rendered it ineffective.
Two months after the massacre in Las Vegas, and one month after the shooting at First Baptist Church in Sutherland Springs, substantive gun control appears as unlikely as ever, with a president and GOP-led Congress bankrolled by the NRA. Still, there’s a way to strengthen gun control without attempting to ram an ill-fated bill through Congress—increasing funding for the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), the hybrid law enforcement and regulatory agency tasked with enforcing our existing gun laws.
ATF is responsible for protecting communities from the illegal use and trafficking of firearms by auditing gun dealerships and tracing lost and stolen guns. Between 2005 and 2012, ATF referred more than 13,000 cases involving more than 27,000 suspects of firearms trafficking to the Justice Department for prosecution. The agency has also been singled out for playing a role in the 19 percent decline in the violent crime rate between 2003 and 2012.
As gun production and sales have soared recently, so has ATF’s workload. U.S. gun makers produced 11 million guns in 2013, almost twice as many as in 2010. Per capita, there are about twice as many guns now in America as there were in 1968. Still, the agency’s resources have languished. From 2001 to 2015, the total number of ATF staffers has remained stagnant, while the number of investigators employed by the agency has decreased by 150. ATF’s budget did increase 34 percent between 2005 and 2014, but it hasn’t kept pace with the agency’s skyrocketing workload, and it pales in comparison to other federal law enforcement agencies in the post-9/11 security frenzy: over the same period, the FBI’s budget increased 62 percent and Customs and Border Protection’s budget nearly doubled.
ATF audits of gun dealerships can reveal unreported lost or stolen firearms. Every year, tens of thousands of guns go missing from licensed dealers’ inventories, and these guns are more likely to be used in violent crimes. But the relatively small number of investigators employed by ATF means that the agency can only conduct a tiny percentage of necessary audits. In 2014, the agency reported that it conducted 10,000 dealership inspections covering just 7 percent of all gun dealerships, a 24 percent decrease in inspections from the previous year.
Attorney General Jeff Sessions pledged to prioritize the enforcement of federal gun crimes, but the Trump administration continues to exacerbate these counterproductive restrictions on ATF. The agency’s proposed minimal funding boost for 2018 is tied to a decrease in the total number of staffers and even more handcuffs on the agency.
The Trump administration has taken a characteristically anti-regulatory approach to ATF. Top agency officials have reached out to firearms groups about what regulations they should cut, and ATF’s second-highest ranking official, Ronald Turk, circulated a white paper calling for the removal of restrictions on the sale of gun silencers and a study on the feasibility of lifting the ban on imported assault weapons. After the Las Vegas shooting in October, the Giffords Center to Prevent Gun Violence sued ATF, alleging that the agency is withholding public documents that could reveal the extent to which its staffers are influenced by the gun lobby.
Adequately funding ATF should be a no-brainer—a non-controversial way to fortify the gun laws already on the books. But Republicans, eager to placate the NRA, continue to ensure that ATF lacks real regulatory teeth.
Steve Bannon, the erstwhile Trump adviser, famously promised that the Trump administration would undo the modern regulatory apparatus by fighting for the “deconstruction of the administrative state.” The sustained undercutting of ATF is one potentially enormous consequence of that, contributing to America’s gun violence epidemic by hindering ATF from adequately enforcing current regulations. In the aftermath of two of the deadliest mass shootings in modern American history, the necessity of these regulations and a robust agency to enforce them is as abundantly clear as ever.


Question: List out the notable patent law cases in the United States in chronological order.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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</answer>
 List out the notable patent law cases in the United States in chronological order.

This is a list of notable patent law cases in the United States in chronological order. The cases have been decided notably by the United States Supreme Court, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) or the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences (BPAI). While the Federal Circuit (CAFC) sits below the Supreme Court in the hierarchy of U.S. federal courts, patent cases only have the right of appeal to the Federal Circuit. The U.S. Supreme Court will only review cases on a discretionary basis and rarely decides patent cases. Unless overruled by a Supreme Court case, Federal Circuit decisions can dictate the results of both patent prosecution and litigation as they are universally binding on all United States district courts and the United States Patent and Trademark Office.


Question: Describe the current plan to address the coming L train shutdown due to Hurricane Sandy damage in New York City.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Describe the current plan to address the coming L train shutdown due to Hurricane Sandy damage in New York City.

How will the roughly 200,000 New Yorkers who ride the L train from Brooklyn to Manhattan and back each day get where they need to go when the tunnel is shut down for more than a year in early 2019? With just sixteen months left before the Canarsie tunnel undergoes extensive repairs from the damage caused by Hurricane Sandy, the MTA and the New York City Department of Transportation still have not come up with a plan.
“The deadline is drawing nearer and nearer…and the information getting back to us from the MTA and DOT has been extremely limited to nonexistent,” Williamsburg Councilmember Antonio Reynoso said at a press conference on Monday morning.
Reynoso was one of roughly a dozen lawmakers and representatives from community organizations who appeared before the media to say that both the DOT and the MTA have failed to communicate with them on how they are addressing the crisis, and that time is running out.
This past March, nearly a year after the coming shutdown was revealed, the MTA announced that the L train repairs would take 15 months, beginning in April of 2019. Both agencies said that a mitigation plan would be presented to communities and finalized by the end of this year.
In May, the DOT and the MTA briefed lawmakers on ideas for addressing the commuters affected by the shutdown, including bus-only and HOV lanes on the Williamsburg Bridge, as well as a new ferry line to run between North 6th Street in Williamsburg and East 20th Street in Manhattan. But about 70 percent of L train riders, they noted, were expected to be diverted to the J/M/Z and G lines, which would see their service increased.
City and MTA officials insisted that the plan has not been delayed, saying the process is slow but continuing. Austin Finan, a spokesman for Mayor Bill de Blasio, denied that a finished plan exists.
“Collectively with the MTA and DOT, a plan is being developed that addresses the scope of this challenge, the details of which will be shared when it is ready,” Finan told the Voice.
MTA spokesman Shams Tarek added that the MTA is “working collaboratively with New York City DOT and developing a comprehensive plan to mitigate the issues caused by the badly needed L train tunnel repairs in 2019.” Tarek said that the agency had hosted 39 “community briefings” since May 2016, and that the outreach would continue.
Memos leaked to Second Avenue Sagas in October showed that while the MTA’s suggestions included “bus priority across the bridge,” the DOT’s plans favored making the bridge HOV-3 from 5 a.m. through the evening rush hour.
Charles Komanoff, a transportation economist, told the Voice that without a dedicated bus lane during the L train shutdown, the Williamsburg Bridge and the roads leading to it will be mired in chaos.
Komanoff says that according to 2015 ridership figures, 54,641 people use the East River L train tunnel on weekdays between 7 a.m. and 10 a.m., roughly 300 people every minute. That number balloons to 400 between the peak hour of 8 a.m. to 9 a.m. He calculated that with articulated buses carrying 112 passengers, four buses would need to run every minute between Brooklyn and Manhattan to transport the same amount of people during rush hour.
Komanoff calls the bridge the “easy part” of the mitigation plan. While controlling traffic on a single crossing is relatively straightforward, it will be a far more difficult task to keep the myriad streets on both sides of the river free of congestion so that the buses and bikes serving L train commuters can get to the bridge.
“I almost want to imagine that the city or the state could put up these East River bridge tolls on a temporary emergency basis to solve the L-pocalypse, without having to go through the standard rigamarole,” suggests Komanoff, who has noted that at least one legal scholar believes the city could move ahead with bridge tolls without waiting for state permission.
While Governor Andrew Cuomo has thrown his support behind congestion pricing, Mayor de Blasio maintains that there is no “fair” way to execute it.
“I can just see it, May of 2019, the headline: ‘L train Catastrophe: City Blames State.’ The next day: ‘L Train Calamity: State Blames City,’” Councilmember Levin said, urging the DOT and the MTA to collaborate on a bold plan of action.


Question: Respond in 13 sentences. Describe the potential implications of the FISA Amendments Reauthorization Act of 2017.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 Respond in 13 sentences. Describe the potential implications of the FISA Amendments Reauthorization Act of 2017.

The measure would give the NSA more power to snoop on digital targets.
Intelligence officials might not get the permanent surveillance powers they're looking for, but they could get some key concessions all the same. The House Intelligence Committee has passed the FISA Amendments Reauthorization Act of 2017 in a partisan 12-8 vote, clearing it for an eventual vote in the House of Representatives. The bill is ostensibly about renewing the FISA Amendments Act's Section 702 for 4 years, but it also expands the list of eligible spying targets.
Where the agency previously only had authority to snoop on either foreign powers or an "agent of a foreign power," it would have the authority to surveil anyone who knowingly helps others who conduct "international malicious cyber activity." That looser definition theoretically lets the NSA collect data on people who are only incidentally connected, rather than those directly involved.
There are other issues. This would offer guidance on reviving the sweeping "about" collection that scooped up American email en masse, and hints that the NSA could target whole facilities for surveillance, not just specific targets. And when the agency wants to read data caught by widescale surveillance, it would only have the option of seeking a warrant, rather a requirement.
There's no guarantee this will survive a House vote or the rest of the Congressional gauntlet, but there's clearly an attempt to rush the measure through the legislature and minimize chances for scrutiny. Both the Committee and the public had less than 2 days to see what it contained before the decision to move forward. And what little debate time there was ended up revolving around protections for "unmasking" the identities of Americans, not the broader privacy issues. The NSA could get significantly extended powers with little public discussion.


Question: Explain why Hillary Clinton lost the 2016 election.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 Explain why Hillary Clinton lost the 2016 election.

CLAIM: Hillary lost — because Obama is black!
President Obama being black was about all the diversity Americans could handle in the 2016 election, an MSNBC contributor claims.
Wendy Sherman told the Aspen Ideas Festival that Hillary Clinton to Donald Trump in the November election because Obama is black.
The former acting Deputy Secretary of State told the Colorado audience, “When we make a social change, when we make a decision to do something we have never done before, we then take two steps backwards at least.


Question: Provide a short biography of Madeleine Ozeray. Respond in 4 sentences.

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 Provide a short biography of Madeleine Ozeray. Respond in 4 sentences.

Madeleine Ozeray (13 September 1908 in Bouillon – 28 March 1989 ), was a French stage and film actress. She appeared in many films between 1932 and 1980. She is the godmother of theater actor, dancer and singer Frédéric Norbert.
Madeleine Ozeray was born in Bouillon Belgium to Camille Ozeray (1855–1938), a lawyer and Liberal member of the province of Luxembourg, and Marie Deymann.


Question: What is going on with the New Horizons mission?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is going on with the New Horizons mission?

Home The Astroholic Live New Horizon is now en-route for next target.
New Horizon has completed the four maneuvers necessary to direct it to its next target. New Horizons is approximately 120 million kilometres beyond Pluto (which it approached on the 14th of July) and 5.08 billion kilometers from Earth.
The maneuvers will change New Horizons’ trajectory by approximately 57 meters per second, nudging it towards a prospective close encounter with MU69 on Jan. 1, 2019. That flyby would be part of an extended mission that NASA must still approve; the New Horizons team will submit a formal proposal to NASA for that mission in early 2016.
MU69 is a classic Kuiper Belt object with a diameter of 30-45 kilometres. It has a low eccentricity (it’s orbit is almost circular) and low inclination, indicating that it has not suffered significant disturbance since its formation at the dawn of the solar system.
MU69 is an ideal candidate to study the primordial conditions and the objects that populated the protoplanetary nebula which gave birth to the solar system.


Question: Describe the Free German Workers' Party. Respond in 5 sentences.

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 Describe the Free German Workers' Party. Respond in 5 sentences.

The Free German Workers' Party (; abbreviated FAP) was a neo-Nazi political party in Germany. It was outlawed by the Constitutional Court in 1995.
The FAP was founded in 1979 but was largely insignificant until the banning of the Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists in 1983 when Michael Kühnen encouraged members to infiltrate this tiny group. A minor party (around 500 members in 1987) it experienced something of a growth after German reunification and sought, unsuccessfully, an alliance with the National Democratic Party. It contested the 1987 federal election and the 1989 European elections although in both instances it attracted negligible support.


Question: Explain why some Antarctic features are named after Norwegian royal family members.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 Explain why some Antarctic features are named after Norwegian royal family members.

A number of Antarctic features were named after Norwegian royal family members. This is due to either the name being bestowed by Roald Amundsen when he reached the South Pole as the first person ever in 1911, or due to Norwegian feats of exploration or claims on the area.


Question: Have you heard of the discovery of a supermassive black hole that defies the usual laws of growth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 Have you heard of the discovery of a supermassive black hole that defies the usual laws of growth?

“Here be dragons” was a phrase once used on ancient maps, often accompanied by mythical sketches, to highlight an unexplored or potentially dangerous area. Astronomers might want to borrow this warning to label the centre of galaxies, which contain supermassive black holes.
There’s a lot we don’t know about these monsters – and scientists have just found one that even defies the laws that are meant to govern its growth. By growing to a huge mass at an exceptionally fast rate, this black hole indicates that there could be more – and bigger – supermassive black holes out there than we previously thought.
These proverbial “dragons” of astronomy are no mere myth. We have many lines of evidence supporting their existence. These range from infra-red observations of very distant galaxies and quasars to infer their masses, through to observations of our very own Milky Way.
The animation below shows the orbits of stars near the centre of the Milky Way. They were observed over more than a decade to be orbiting around a dark, unseen object.
Motion of stars around a black hole / ESO.
By applying simple orbital physics, we know that this dark object must have a large mass to cause these orbits by its gravitational pull – perhaps more than 4m solar masses. However it must take up a tiny amount of space as it doesn’t “hit” the orbiting stars. Only a black hole can really fit the bill as an explanation for what this unseen object can be.
Disturbingly though, this is just a middle-of-the-road mass range for supermassive black holes. Discoveries of black holes having ten billion solar masses are being made in other galaxies.
Unlike your average black hole, supermassive black holes are not simply the product of the death of a star – they are more massive than any star could produce on its own. So where do they come from?
There are a number of theories. Arguably the main one is that they must have been “born” in the younger moments of the universe from the earliest star clusters. From there, they need to grow rapidly to gain the amount of mass they have.
In part, this can be explained by accretion of gas and in-falling materials from the galaxy. Indeed, recent observations by the European Southern Observatory suggest that the Milky Way’s own supermassive black hole once had such a dinner.
But the growth of these supermassive black holes are probably not entirely due to accreting material from their own galaxy. If two galaxies were to collide with each other, their black holes gain a new source of food to fuel their growth. They might also merge with one another to create an even bigger black hole.
In this manner, the growth of black holes is understood to be intimately tied to the growth of their parent galaxy. Indeed, the mass of a supermassive black hole appears to be tightly correlated with how fast stars orbit inside of the host galaxy.
At an even deeper level, the black hole can act as a kind of thermostat for star formation inside its host galaxy. Energy and/or momentum that is generated by the black hole can cause star formation to stop in its host galaxy. This is because the energy heats up the gas inside a galaxy so that stars may not form as readily.
But in a new study published in Science, astronomers report the discovery of a supermassive black hole that seems to break the synchronisation of galaxy growth with black hole growth.
Using Keck telescope in Hawaii, the authors found a galaxy with an atypically large supermassive black hole in its centre (CID-947). Its ratio of black hole mass to stellar mass is enormous – almost an order of magnitude bigger than what might otherwise be expected.
With a mass of 7 billion solar masses, this supermassive black hole compares favourably to some of the most massive known. Here is where it gets really interesting. Using a measurement known as redshift, which tells us how far away – and thereby how old – a galaxy is, the team could see that this supermassive black hole must have grown exceptionally fast. Most models predict black hole masses in the range of millions of solar masses, rather than billions, for a galaxy of this age.
Meanwhile, the galaxy is still in the process of forming stars, its black hole has not (yet) caused this to stop. The study concludes that CID-947’s black hole is in the final stages of forming and we are witnessing the cessation of accretion on to it.
This is significant, as CID-947 can be interpreted as an early version of the most (extremely) massive galaxies in the present day universe. That is because if we have humongous galaxies in the universe today, then they must have come from something massive in the earlier universe. Importantly, they’re in place at early times and have not yet shut down their host galaxy star formation – meaning they could well grow even bigger with time.
In other words: there may be more (and bigger) “dragons” than we thought lurking out there. As we are exploring bigger and bigger parts of the universe, maybe a map with clear warning signs is in order?
An ‘overmassive’ black hole that breaks all the rules – so what?


Question: Respond in 1 sentences. What do you know about James McLoughlin?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 Respond in 1 sentences. What do you know about James McLoughlin?

James McLoughlin (9 April 1929 – 25 November 2005) was the Roman Catholic Bishop of Galway and Kilmacduagh and Apostolic Administrator of Kilfenora, Ireland for twelve years from 1993 to 2005.


Question: What happened in Kontiolahti, Finland in 2007? Respond in 1 sentences.

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 What happened in Kontiolahti, Finland in 2007? Respond in 1 sentences.

The 2007–08 Biathlon World Cup – World Cup 1 was the opening event of the season and was held in Kontiolahti, Finland, from November 29 until December 2, 2007.


Question: Hi there! What can you tell me about Parent-Child relations and UI components?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 Hi there! What can you tell me about Parent-Child relations and UI components?

In this blog post we will discuss how to build independent UI components and clarify why Parent-Child relations are a code smell in my opinion. Furthermore, we will discuss why I think such relations are needless.
One question that arises from time to time with architectural design patterns such as Model-View-Intent, Model-View-Presenter or Model-View-ViewModel is how do Presenters (or ViewModels) communicate with each other? Or even more specific: How does a “Child-Presenter” communicate with its “Parent-Presenter”?
From my point of view such Parent-Child relations are a code smell, because they introduce a direct coupling between both Parent and Child, which leads to code that is hard to read, hard to maintain, where changing requirement affects a lot of components (hence it’s a virtually impossible task in large systems) and last but not least introduces shared state that is hard to predict and even harder to reproduce and debug.
So far so good, but somehow the information must flow from Presenter A to Presenter B: How does a Presenter communicate with another Presenter? They don’t! What would a Presenter have to tell another Presenter? Event X has happened? Presenters don’t have to talk to each other, they just observe the same Model (or the same part of the business logic to be precise). That’s how they get notified about changes: from the underlying layer.
Whenever an Event X happens (i.e. a user clicked on a button in View 1), the Presenter lets that information sink down to the business logic. Since the other Presenters are observing the same business logic, they get notified by the business logic that something has changed (model has been updated).
We have already discussed the importance of this principle (unidirectional data flow) in the first part.
Let’s implement this for a real world example: In our shopping app we can put items into the shopping basket. Additionally, there is a screen where we can see the content of our basket and we can select and remove multiple items at once.
Wouldn’t it be cool if we could split that big screen into multiple smaller, independent and reusable UI components. Let’s say a Toolbar, that displays the number of items that are selected, and a RecyclerView that actually displays the list of items in the shopping basket.
Et voilà, we are able to use the SelectedCountToolbar component whenever we have to display the number of items currently selected. That can be the number of items in ShoppingCart but this UI component could also be used in an entirely different context and screen in your app. Moreover, this UI component could be put into a standalone library and used in another app like a photos app to display the number of selected photos.
The aim of this blog post is to demonstrate that a Parent-Child relation is usually not needed at all and can be avoided by simply observing the same part of your business logic. No EventBus, no findViewById() from a parent Activity / Fragment, no presenter.getParentPresenter() or other workarounds are required. Just the observer pattern. With the help of RxJava, which basically implements the observer pattern, we are able to build such reactive UI components easily.
What if such a view state is the model of another component? What if a view state change of one component is an intent for another component?
At first glance this seems like a valid approach, but isn’t it a variant of a Parent-Child relation? Sure, it’s not a traditional hierarchical Parent-Child relation, it’s more like an onion (the inner one offers a state to the outer one) which seems to be better, but still, a tightly coupled relation, isn’t it? I haven’t made up my mind but I think avoiding this onion-like relation is better for now. If you have a different opinion please leave a comment below. I would love to hear your thoughts.


Question: What is the Leslie Harrison Dam? Respond in 3 sentences.

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 What is the Leslie Harrison Dam? Respond in 3 sentences.

The Leslie Harrison Dam is an earth-fill embankment dam across the Tingalpa Creek that is located in the South East region of Queensland, Australia.The main purpose of the dam is for potable water supply of the Redland City in Brisbane. The impounded reservoir is called Tingalpa Reservoir. The dam was named after Robert Leslie Harrison, a Queensland parliamentarian who died in April 1966.


Question: Write about your thoughts on the upcoming presidential election. Respond in 17 sentences.

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 Write about your thoughts on the upcoming presidential election. Respond in 17 sentences.

For me, the epiphany came in my second season on Roseanne. At thirty-nine years old I finally woke up to the fact that the principles I was taught as a child, like fairness and justice, have no place in the world of power and money. The rules of the sandbox, strictly enforced by a wise and compassionate adult, are laughable when the sandbox is the television business and there are Mercedes and Bentleys parked alongside it. What's odd is that twenty years later, despite my belated awakening to the reality of amorality, that old schoolyard programming continues to insist on its rightness. Ideas like "play nice," "share your toys," "no name-calling," "take turns" and "misbehaving gets punished" still resonate inside me as if they were some sort of fundamental truths. Of course, I now know that they are not. At best, they're ideals. Lofty goals to aspire to. The truisms of the real world are more along the lines of, "my ball, my bat, my rules" and "money talks, bull$#*! walks." Which brings me to our impending presidential election. A classic showdown between the lessons we all learned as children and, well... reality. Further complicating the situation is our collective, unconscious desire to be supervised by that wise and compassionate adult. But there is no such adult. The truth is, we are alone in the sandbox. The game we play, seemingly forever, is called "Ideals vs. Money and Bats." For what it's worth, I'm betting on the latter, but there's a little boy in me who insists on voting for the former.


Question: Provide information about J.J. Watt's injury and recovery. Respond in detail.

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 Provide information about J.J. Watt's injury and recovery. Respond in detail.

Published: Sept. 29, 2016 at 11:17 p.m.
Updated: Sept. 30, 2016 at 03:09 p.m.
J.J. Watt is out for the entire 2016 NFL season after undergoing back surgery.
Texans coach Bill O'Brien confirmed at a news conference Friday that Watt will indeed miss the rest of the season after having surgery.
The All-Pro defensive end underwent surgery Thursday, NFL Network Insider Ian Rapoport reported, via a source informed of the situation. Surgery was their best choice for recovery rather than rehab and rest, Rapoport added, but it will keep him out for the remainder of the season.
Watt was expected to miss the season with there only being a slim chance of the three-time NFL Defensive Player of the Year returning even if he didn't undergo surgery, Rapoport reported.
The Texans announced Wednesday they placed him on injured reserve. Watt re-injured his back during Houston's Week 3 loss to the New England Patriots.
This is Watt's second surgery in three months. He missed the entire preseason after having surgery to repair a herniated disk in late July.


Question: What is "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" about? Respond in 9 sentences.

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 What is "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" about? Respond in 9 sentences.

Childe Harold's Pilgrimage is a long narrative poem in four parts written by Lord Byron. It was published between 1812 and 1818 and is dedicated to "Ianthe". The poem describes the travels and reflections of a world-weary young man who, disillusioned with a life of pleasure and revelry, looks for distraction in foreign lands. In a wider sense, it is an expression of the melancholy and disillusionment felt by a generation weary of the wars of the post-Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras. The title comes from the term "childe", a medieval title for a young man who was a candidate for knighthood.
The poem contains elements thought to be autobiographical, as Byron generated some of the storyline from experience gained during his travels through Portugal, the Mediterranean and Aegean Sea between 1809 and 1811. The "Ianthe" of the dedication was the term of endearment he used for Lady Charlotte Harley, about 11 years old when "Childe Harold" was first published. Charlotte Bacon, "née" Harley, was the second daughter of 5th Earl of Oxford and Lady Oxford, Jane Elizabeth Scott. Throughout the poem, Byron, in character of Childe Harold, regretted his wasted early youth, hence re-evaluating his life choices and re-designing himself through going on the pilgrimage, during which he lamented various historical events including the Iberian Peninsular War among others.


Question: What is the National Archives and Records Service of South Africa?

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 What is the National Archives and Records Service of South Africa?

National Archives and Records Service — institutional network, operating on a centralized and decentralized provincial basis under central government control. The National Archives and Records Service of South Africa was established by passing of the National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act in 1996.


Question: Describe the incident involving the IDF soldiers in the West Bank town of Nabi Salih.

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 Describe the incident involving the IDF soldiers in the West Bank town of Nabi Salih.

Despite aggressive harassment faced by Palestinian girls in West Bank town of Nabi Salih, IDF soldiers maintain composure, mindful of the camera.
A video has surfaced Monday showing Palestinian girls aggressively provoking IDF soldiers in the West Bank town of Nabi Salih. Despite the fact that the provocation became quite physical, the soldiers maintained their composure and did not respond.
In the video, which was filmed during the weekly Friday protests in Nabi Salih, two young girls are seen provoking and aggravating the soldiers, trying to hit and kick them, all the while the soldiers do their best to ignore them.
The girl hitting the soldiers is Ahed Tamimi, the daughter of one of the Nabi Salih's prominent activists who organizes the weekly Friday protests in the town.
She is seen calling on the soldiers to leave the yard in which they are standing as another woman arrives and attempts to get in between the stoic soldiers and the girl.
It is evident that the video photographer was careful to ensure that only women and girls were in the frame thereby creating an underdog effect, assuming the soldiers would respond to the physical harassment and try to arrest the girls–a scene that would have caused quite an uproar.
The IDF is backing the actions of the soldiers and, as in any situation, is exploring whether the incident could have been handled differently.
This is not the first time a member of the Tamimi family was documented provoking soldiers. Several years ago, a video surfaced of Ahed Tamimi biting a soldier who had come to arrest her brother during disturbances at the weekly Friday protest.
In another incident she can be seen shouting at soldiers during a protest and trying to cause them to lose their composure.
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Question: Describe your conversation with Alpha Natural Resources CEO Kevin Crutchfield

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 Describe your conversation with Alpha Natural Resources CEO Kevin Crutchfield

September 30 2015, 7:33 p.m.
In August, The Intercept revealed that Alpha Natural Resources, one of the largest coal mining companies in America, has been secretly financing think tanks and political organizations that deny climate change. One of the people they funded, attorney Chris Horner, is well known for hounding climate scientists across the country.
The payments were exposed in the firm’s bankruptcy filings last month.
On Monday, when I asked Kevin Crutchfield, the chief executive officer of Alpha Natural Resources, about his company’s support for Horner and his aggressive investigations of climate scientists, he was unapologetic.
“It should come as no surprise to you that we support those with like-minded philosophies,” Crutchfield said.
We spoke briefly at the Southern States Energy Board, an energy conferenced hosted at The Greenbrier resort in West Virginia.
As we reported, Alpha Natural Resources has funded a wide array of political groups that have helped the coal industry beat back environmental regulations, including the American Enterprise Institute, the American Legislative Exchange Council, the Heartland Institute, and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. The filings also showed that the firm helped finance the Kentucky Opportunity Coalition, a dark money group that was set up to provide undisclosed campaign support to the reelection effort of Sen. Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., in his race last year.
The bankruptcy filings named recipients of Alpha Natural Resources’ money, but did not provide dollar amounts for the contributions. I asked Crutchfield how much he has given to Horner and other groups that work to deny the existence of manmade climate change.
“I don’t know the numbers. We believe in transparency,” he retorted, and began walking away.
I asked if he believes that the burning of fossil fuels contributes to climate change. “It doesn’t matter what I believe because the bus has left the station seems like,” Crutchfield said, smiling. By then, a group of men with earpieces surrounded the Alpha Natural Resources CEO, blocking me from asking any more questions.