Question: What is a citizen's arrest and how does it work within the law?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a citizen's arrest and how does it work within the law?

It's really just a slightly misleading term for laws that carve out an exception to the ordinary laws we have against holding someone against their will. You are not normally allowed to forcibly keep a person from leaving a place--a crime often called false imprisonment. But what if you see that person do something very bad? If there were no exception to false imprisonment, you would have to let them go immediately. Only the police would be able to detain someone. If you did so, you would be committing a felony yourself, and could be prosecuted for it. Because the police cannot be everywhere all the time, and there is a public interest in allowing the community to stop and hold criminals until the police can arrive, there is an exception that is allowed when you see a crime being committed. You are allowed, without penalty, to forcibly detain the offender until the proper authorities arrive. Exactly what crimes this covers varies from state to state.


Question: How do telescope long exposures work, considering earth rotation and movement?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do telescope long exposures work, considering earth rotation and movement?

Equatorial mounts are used, which are devices that once aligned with the north or south celestial pole (depending on location), will move with the rotation of the Earth so things don’t appear to move. When people say they did a 24 hour exposure, it is often not a single 24 hour exposure, but rather a bunch of smaller exposures, often done on different nights. These smaller exposures are aligned and stacked, to reduce noise. For example, 1440 1 minute exposures would be equivalent to a 24 hour exposure. The reason why this is done is for mainly two reasons. The first one being that like you said, the sun would interfere with the capturing of the image and the object would also likely be no longer visible as it goes below the horizon. Planes and satellites also cause trails in the pictures, so if we expose for too long then you might only see satellite or plane trails (especially with Star Link). The second reason is that as you open a camera shutter and let the sensor absorb light, the sensor will generate heat. Too much heat and the image will be super noisy, and the sensor could also be damaged. A lot of people use specialised cooled cameras with fans, but they’re expensive and you still won’t be able to take a single 24 hr exposure. If you’re interested in astrophotography, I suggest checking out r/askastrophotography and r/telescopes, both subs of which have friendly people who are willing to answer all your questions. Be warned though that you’ll need a big wallet; a setup can cost thousands of dollars. :)


Question: What’s menthol and why is it in some cigarettes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What’s menthol and why is it in some cigarettes?

Menthol is an organic compound made synthetically or obtained from the oils of corn mint, peppermint, or other mints. But what's important is that menthol is the compound that causes that cooling sensation you get when you eat mint. It is also often used to relieve minor pain. Menthol in cigarettes gives that cooling sensation which reduces the harshness of the cigarette. Menthol cigarettes have been found to be no healthier than regular cigarettes, and are actually more addictive.


Question: Why do you lose your appetite when ill?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do you lose your appetite when ill?

Digesting food takes energy, since your body has to produce enzymes to break down food in your stomach and then move a lot of muscles to break it down some more and later to absorb the nutrients from the food. When you're sick, your body tries to divert whatever energy is necessary to fight the intruding bacteria. Usually for small infections, your body often recognizes the bacteria and knows how much energy is necessary to get rid of it, thus able to be more efficient in getting rid of it without making you lose your appetite. When you encounter bacteria that you've never encountered before, your body now has to work a little harder to memorize and fight against that bacteria. This takes more energy, and your body isn't exactly sure how much energy is necessary, so it might take some more as a precaution. This is usually what makes you feel tired. There are also bacteria that uses the nutrients your body absorbs to grow. To prevent this, your body will make you lose your appetite so that you won't eat so much or at all. This way, in the event the bacteria does feed on the nutrients your body absorbs, your body can prevent bacteria growth and get rid of it much faster. Of course, not all bacteria do this, but your body can't tell the difference when it hasn't encountered the bacteria before, so it's really a precaution. Most of the time, it's fine to eat. You just won't feel like it though. Edit: The second part might just be a bonus side-effect, but I consider it part of the cause. Let me know if anyone finds an article discussing this.


Question: Why are our fingers different lengths?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are our fingers different lengths?

Evolution. And like with most things to do with evolution we don't really know exactly because it happened a very long time ago and took place over an extended period of time so we can really only speculate. We do this by looking at what advantages having our fingers different lengths the way they are might have given our ancestors over other possible ways we could have evolved. There's a few advantages to having fingers of different lengths the way they are:- & #x200B; \- The way our fingers align allow us to form a strong and complete fist. When you fold you hand into a fist you'll notice that the different finger lengths allow them to fit (fairly) perfectly with no gaps, which is the strongest and most stable way to do it, something that would provide a strength advantage. \- Different lengths in our fingers allow for stronger grips on more "complex" tools. Particularly in the early stages of our evolution the ability to use tools more effectively would have provided a huge advantage over our ancestors that couldn't use the same tools as effectively (or at all) \- Especially with thrown tools/weapons - probably starting with something as simple as throwing a stone but also with more advanced tools like spears. You can see this by looking at how somebody like a baseball pitcher grips the ball - you can see how having different lengths in their fingers allows them to have a wide range of different ways of throwing the ball with a high degree of accuracy. & #x200B; So it's likely that our fingers evolved the way they are due a combination of these factors providing an advantage to those who developed them over an extended period of time. Particularly back when early humans were first evolving it was a case of "survival of the fittest" where anything that could provide you an advantage in your fight for survival, even something as subtle as a slight difference in the length of your fingers, had a chance of being a selected characteristic. & #x200B; Edit: Word


Question: How can Avis make any money from renting me a Ford Escape (or similar) for 11 days with zero excess and unlimited miles for $115?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can Avis make any money from renting me a Ford Escape (or similar) for 11 days with zero excess and unlimited miles for $115?

A ha! There’s a secret to this. A rental car agency will almost always rent a car for almost nothing. Of course they’d be stoked if you were stupid enough to use their full insurance, but you have your own so they don’t make anything. The trick is, the more often they cycle cars in and out, the better chance that local franchise will be allotted more high end cars. It’s the same reasons dealerships will sell you a car for a $50 profit. The more VOLUME they move, the more access they have to premium stock. Source: worked at Enterprise EDIT: Additionally the overall company looks good for their filings when they show lots of rentals happening. Movement = Success. They’re making most of their money back with depreciation and then selling the car at auction when it hits 5,000 miles. Remember they buy these cars in bulk too. It has very little to do with the $110 you’re paying, and everything to do with turnover. However, like I said, they’re supposed to give you the hard sell for the insurance.


Question: Why is space debris during interstellar travel at 35,000 miles/second + not an issue?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is space debris during interstellar travel at 35,000 miles/second + not an issue?

That's basically it, yes. Space is *unimaginably* empty. That's a literal statement, people just cannot correctly envision what 'infinite nothing' actually means. You could fly something the size of a cruise ship in a straight line effectively forever and not hit anything larger than a helium atom, as long as you pointed out of the plane of the ecliptic (i.e. 'up' or 'down' relative to our orbit of the sun and galaxy) rather than across it. That said, debris near to stars is a potentially serious problem; leaving our solar system and entering the destination one would need to be done at much lower speeds to avoid megaton-range explosions on encountering small bits of comet. You're not missing anything. Inside solar systems it's a problem. Outside solar systems, 'nothing much there' acquires a whole new level of accuracy.


Question: why is the average surface wind speed of Earth much lower in comparison to other solar system planets such as Venus, Jupiter and Saturn?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is the average surface wind speed of Earth much lower in comparison to other solar system planets such as Venus, Jupiter and Saturn?

Winds are caused by heat exchange, from hot to cold. Hot gas is less dense, whereas cold gas becomes more dense. For example, if you blew up a balloon at room temperature, then put that balloon in the refrigerator, the balloon would shrink. On earth, the continual transition from hot to cold causes the air pressure to expand and collapse. This action causes the air to move about. The temperature variation on earth is quite small, being from around -50 to +50 degrees Celsius, and earth has a relatively thin atmosphere. Venus is different. The average temperature on Venus is around 460 degrees, and takes around 116 earth days to rotate just once. This would account for a greater cooling affect on the dark side, which would drive the winds much faster - this affect also keeps the dark side at approximately the same temperature, despite the attempt to cool off. Also there are temperature variations in Venus atmosphere. Also, the atmosphere on Venus is much thicker, at around 50 times more dense than earth, so the winds there would be very powerful. Jupiter and Saturn are much much larger. The heat exchange system that drives the planetary atmosphere is far greater than earth. Both of these planet are primarily made up of gas, although they do has a sold core. The same affect is in place. Jupiter for example ranges from around -250 degrees to 725 degrees C, with incredibly dense gas cause enormous winds.


Question: Are there different types of infinity?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Are there different types of infinity?

What you are getting at here is the difference between countable and uncountable infinity. The set of all integers is said to be countably infinite. This is because, in ELI5 terms, I can choose any integer and eventually count to it (if I count like this- 0, 1,-1,2,-2 I will eventually reach any integer). For the set of all real numbers between 2 and 3, this is not the case. That is because irrational numbers are involved and we just can’t find a way to count to them. Therefore the set containing all numbers between 2 and 3 is “larger” than the set of all integers, even though they are both infinite.


Question: why does the sun appear brighter when rising in the morning than setting at night when at the same height in the sky?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does the sun appear brighter when rising in the morning than setting at night when at the same height in the sky?

When it's dark your pupils dilate to see better in low light conditions. As the sun comes up your eyes are constantly adjusting to the now brighter world, meaning that you experience a brighter sun because you have not yet adjusted, always playing catch up. At night this process is reversed. Your eyes constantly adapting to a darkened world, always playing catch up.


Question: Why do some kids force themselves to gag/puke when they cry?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some kids force themselves to gag/puke when they cry?

A lot of "crying" (and by crying, I refer to all the wailing and sobbing not just tears) is done from the chest and the lungs, up through the throat. It's possible that, through being done with a very high intensity (whether intentionally or not, we all know people who "cry" differently), some contraction or spasm in the throat, diaphragm, chest, lungs, etc, can cause a gagging reaction, which could lead more sensitive people to vomit. It's likely related to putting stress on the throat, leading to coughing, which can lead to vomiting. Unrelated to actually answering your question, but you deserve a "good job" for not letting a five year old play Battlefield.


Question: Who determines the value for vintage coins?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Who determines the value for vintage coins?

The monetary value of something is literally determined when someone buys it. When it comes to vintage items and collectibles, the "experts" make their best educated guess at what someone *might* pay for it. In this way they can certainly influence the price, but ultimately it's the buyer who determines the value. A seller might only offer it at a certain price, but if no one buys it at that price, you can't really say it has that "value".


Question: Why is still water reflective? And why is it only reflective on the surface? I'm assuming something to do with water tension

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is still water reflective? And why is it only reflective on the surface? I'm assuming something to do with water tension

At the boundary between two transparent mediums, some light is reflected back and some is refracted. How much of each, depends on a few things, including the 'index of refraction' of each medium, and the angle and polarization of the incoming light. It's not really the water's surface tension which makes any of this happen, though the surface tension does help to ensure that the water-air boundary is a smooth surface. Rough or textured surfaces scatter light instead of reflecting it in a consistent, clear image. The reason why light behaves this way at boundaries between mediums, is actually because refractive materials slightly change the speed that light moves through them; they slow the light down a bit. It's a little more complicated from there. In the laws which govern how light propagates through electromagnetic fields, this change of speed introduces some asymmetries to the field equations, which are resolved by bouncing some fraction of the light back into the medium it came from.


Question: Who knew what time it was when the first clock was made?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Who knew what time it was when the first clock was made?

In the early days of civilization, people needed to know the season because it would tell them when to plant crops and when to harvest. So some people started to keep careful track of the changing of the seasons, and they started noticing things. Like how stars slowly moved across the sky at night, how the Moon would cycle from Full to New to Full every 28 days, and how the Sun wouldn't always follow exactly the same pattern through the sky. Over time, the collective knowledge gained through study of the sky provided a surprisingly accurate calendar. As civilization developed, it became important to get smaller increments of time than just day, seasons, or years. So they developed sundials that tracked the movement of the Sun across the sky and afforded 12 subdivisions to each day, which became hours. Of course, since these hours were based on the Sun's movement, and days got shorter and longer as seasons changed, the length of an hour was not a fixed thing, and would vary over the course of a year. When the first clocks were invented, they tracked time not by the movement of the Sun, but by the rhythm of a swinging pendulum. This had the advantage of tracking hours even through the night, and was not altered by the changing seasons. The clock could be set by measuring the position of the Sun at its peak, at which time the shadow on the sundial would be pointing directly north (if you're in the Northern Hemisphere). Society kept the 12-hour daytime subdivision, doubled because time could be accurately monitored at night as well, creating 24 hours. At first, clocks only indicated hours, but eventually, more accurate gradations became useful, and they gained minute and second hands. To answer your question, the measurement and accounting of time has been a human invention, but time itself is a natural phenomenon. The current time is mostly just something that society has agreed upon. It's not as though the inventor of the clock built it and suddenly knew it was 12:49 PM. But it's vitally important that all the world agree upon a universal time standard for communication, which is why every society in the world uses the same one.


Question: Why are there still BLACK BARS on the top and bottom of some TV shows and movies despite viewing them on a widescreen TV?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are there still BLACK BARS on the top and bottom of some TV shows and movies despite viewing them on a widescreen TV?

The aspect ratio of the source material doesn't fit or match the aspect ratio of your screen. A widescreen HD TV is 16:9. Old non HD TV was typically 4:3. A lot of movies now aren't filmed in 16:9 they're filmed in an even wider 21:9 aspect ratio, so they still get "letterboxed". As to why movies are still filmed in this (and other) wide formats, I can't tell ya.


Question: Why is it easier to froth milk when it is warm?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it easier to froth milk when it is warm?

The proteins in cold milk are tightly wound. When they warm up they loosen up. They can then form a sort of shield around the air being introduced by a steam wand or a beater. All of the little protein wrapped air bubbles piled on top of each other creates foam.


Question: when we talk about how much a company is worth, do we talk about its assets worth or its actual funds, or a mix of both? How do people calculate it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 when we talk about how much a company is worth, do we talk about its assets worth or its actual funds, or a mix of both? How do people calculate it?

If its a publicly traded company, the formula is simple. Multiply share price by the number of existing shares. For instance, Netflix has 452 million shares in existence going for 423 dollars a share, 452000000 * 423 = 191,196,000,000 dollars. Makes sense since each share is a small slice of equal ownership of the company. And the market decides the price of these shares based on a whole variety of factors. If its a private company, its a lot harder to put a price on it, but there are people who attempt to make valuations based on what the market will generally price a company of that nature at. > How does Netflix survive? By making 1.5 billion dollars a year in profit. That said, they may not even pay that debt off. If the money that would go to paying that debt off can instead be doubled in 5 years by reinvesting into the company, why pay it off now when you can pay it off in 5 years with a little extra on the side?


Question: Why do brains hold on so tightly to embarrassing moments? They are basically useless information that wed like to forget, yet keep with up our entire lives.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do brains hold on so tightly to embarrassing moments? They are basically useless information that wed like to forget, yet keep with up our entire lives.

They are only useless memories if you don't mind doing the same embarrassing thing again. Your mind will hang on to the memory until it figures out a better way to avoid repeating the embarrassment. After that it will slowly fade as it is no longer useful to your new self.


Question: What's the difference between being tazed and shocked?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between being tazed and shocked?

Physically it's the exact same thing. Electrical signals from the brain allow us to move our muscles. When an external electrical shock disrupts that, our muscles still react because they can't tell the difference. That's why people who get tazed get all cramped and fall over. But if you were to touch an electrical fence around an animal pen for example, your hand and arm will involuntarily seize up for a moment until the pulse passes and you're completely fine. The strength of the shock and frequency of the electrical pulses is all that changes really. The fence is meant to scare the animal, while a tazer is meant to incapacitate someone. So the fence will send a short, relatively weak pulse every few seconds to warn the animal that it shouldn't be standing there if it doesn't want to experience discomfort. While a tazer will send continuous, strong electricity through the target in order to make absolutely sure they can't move a muscle.


Question: Why is it when you mix rainbow colors the result will always be brown?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it when you mix rainbow colors the result will always be brown?

Colors are light. Each color of the rainbow is a different wavelength. Other colors are made of combinations of the colors we see. White is every color at once and black is no colors at all. The other thing you need to know is that paints reflect some light (the color you see) and absorb the rest. This means as you mix colors you tend to absorb more colors and get closer to black as the mixture absorbs more colors and reflects less. Because our eyes absorb a few colors better than others (based on how the cells in our eyes work) the most common result of mixing is that we see a mix of the colors we see best (because we’re getting a random mix) and that leads to a brown color.


Question: What is happening when something (like a grenade) explodes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is happening when something (like a grenade) explodes?

A chemical reaction is triggered that results in an enormous amount of hot gas in a very short period of time (like, milliseconds). This shatters the container and sends out a hot shockwave filled with metal shards moving at supersonic speed. If you are close, the shockwave can basically turn your brain to mush as it hits the inside of your skull and break bones while the metal shards act like buckshot ripping into your body. If you are farther away, the shockwave can hurt your hearing while metal shards act like bullets poking holes in your body. Many chemical reactions like this require oxygen. These reactions essentially have oxygen as part of the chemicals so it doesn’t have to burn from the outside in. Thus, the explosion happens really fast instead of slow like a fire.


Question: Why do places appear to be much smaller in dimension, and underwhelm us after we visit them after a considerable period of time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do places appear to be much smaller in dimension, and underwhelm us after we visit them after a considerable period of time?

I would imagine the fact that we are simply able to comprehend what is in front of us much more and much better after seeing it repeatedly. Give a baby anything at all. Introduce them to using a straw. Or dealing with a pet. Give any person a task to perform. After repeated exposure, that task or sight becomes, I guess, normal, and is no longer daunting. With physical space it must be the same. The more you are in it, the more details you notice, and the less you have to digest as new information the next time around. Thus, each successive viewing or inhabiting of that space demands less of the person psychologically and becomes less of a task mentally, and probably makes it seem physically smaller. I don't know, I'm literally just spitballing here.


Question: Is a heater technically a 100% efficient system?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is a heater technically a 100% efficient system?

Yes, they are. The thing is that there are more efficient systems such as heat pumps that can move more energy than you send to the system. Think a refrigerator with the hot part inside and cooling (taking energy from) the outdoors. There is a limit to this efficiency as well with its own temperature dependent equation.


Question: How do governments go about gathering population data of homeless people?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do governments go about gathering population data of homeless people?

I can answer this, as I've actually participated in a count (during college, years ago). This answer is ... governments actually try to count, by sending teams of surveyors out into places where homeless sleep and congregate to take headcounts. While cities often extrapolate from the data gathered by people like me, they can do a pretty good job of getting accurate-ish results through repeat visits at various times of day / weather conditions / time of year. So basically, the short answer is they send people to count! (And then combine or crosscheck that with data from shelters and other homeless service providers.)


Question: Is the US actually able to recover from the debt it's in?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is the US actually able to recover from the debt it's in?

Not particularily alarming yet. > How is it possible to ever pay that off? Remember, this is soveriegn debt. It's not like a loan you'd take from a bank. In fact, the idea of a national bank and sovereign debt was partly created to alleviate the catastrophic borrowing some monarchs did. So for one, while you'd go to a bank and ask for a loan, the United States *sells* Treasury Bonds. Treasury Bonds mature at a set rate; this means that the owner of the bond cannot demand payment earlier, nor can the government pay it earlier. US Treasury Bonds are the most trusted in the world, so the interest rates are incredibly low. During times of crisis, demand skyrockets. During the 2008 crisis, at one point the interest rate for the debt was lower than the inflation rate, which meant the government *made* money from it. The idea is to take the cheap funds you can get from the debt and use that expand the economy. Borrow money for cheap, increase the economy, get more tax money, borrow more money, ad finem.


Question: If reproduction is one of the most important traits for a species to survive, why is it still super common for people to get nervous and scared when talking to someone they're attracted to?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If reproduction is one of the most important traits for a species to survive, why is it still super common for people to get nervous and scared when talking to someone they're attracted to?

Well, because reproduction is so important, of course. It takes a big investment for a biologically female human to grow, supply and birth a baby, not counting investments from both parents over the course of the child's upbringing. This means that (as an evolutionary "strategy") the female should be as picky as possible about the mate she chooses. She wants the best possible genes for her baby, and the highest possible contributions from her partner in terms of resources, effort and time. Figuring out who the best match is, and trying to weed out candidates who won't "pull their weight" as it were, is probably the reason we have social mating procedures and rituals in the first place. But in short, you're nervous because we fear rejection, and rejection is a natural consequence of having to select mates with the utmost care.


Question: What is jury nullification and why is it so special?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is jury nullification and why is it so special?

If you're on a jury, and you believe the defendant is guilty, but you believe they did the right thing/the law is unjust and they shouldn't be punished for what they did, you can return a not guilty verdict anyways and in effect nullify that law. It is legal for jury members to individually come to this conclusion, but it's illegal for the concept of nullification to be discussed with the jury (so a defense lawyer can't tell the jury about it, the jury members have to had known about it themselves).


Question: When microwaving a bag of popcorn, why doesn’t the first kernel that is popped burn by the time the last kernel is popped?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 When microwaving a bag of popcorn, why doesn’t the first kernel that is popped burn by the time the last kernel is popped?

The process of popping a kernel absorbs more energy than it releases. When there are still lots of un-popped kernels, so much heat energy is absorbed by all these kernels that it prevents the temperature of the oils and steam in the bag from rising to the point where an already popped kernel would burn. Once most of the kernels have popped, the heat energy has nowhere else to go and the temperature goes up, eventually burning the popped ones. This is why it's almost impossible to get all the kernels to pop without burning some of them.


Question: Do doctors expect clinical depression to ever resolve in a treated patient?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do doctors expect clinical depression to ever resolve in a treated patient?

Speaking from experience, the *fixing* comes from changing how you think. which is achieved, at least for me, by dampening my emotions and allowing me to address the underlying thoughts which which led to the depressive state. Took about two years but I eventually weened off my meds and have been off for almost 4 years. The change I had to make was accepting my limitations and learning to let go of what I can't, or have no right to, control.


Question: How do drummers keep a beat for the guitarist?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do drummers keep a beat for the guitarist?

Even when they "rock out" they're still maintaining the basic tempo of the music, just as you would if you changed from counting "1, 2, 3, 4" to "1, & , 2, & , 3, & , 4, & ," twice as fast, or even "1-e- & -a, 2-e- & -a..." four times as fast. The first would commonly be called quarter notes/beats, the second are eighth notes, and the third are sixteenth notes. But the overall speed/tempo stays the same. All of the '1's happen at the same time. Also, the drummers know the tempo of the song from the beginning, as they're the ones who set it. So even if they go into a 20-minute drum solo with multiple tempo changes, they will still go back to the original tempo before the band continues.


Question: Does zero gravity feel like falling forever?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Does zero gravity feel like falling forever?

Technically speaking it is like constantly falling. BUT you have to remember what you think of as a falling sensation is a mixture of acceleration, the same you feel in a (fast) car and the air blowing in your face. Neither of those happen in 0 gravity or on a space station. So the astronauts do NOT feel the same what you feel when falling in a "normal" everyday falling situation. If you were falling at constant speed without air (or at the same speed as the air) you would feel weightlessness how astronauts experience it. This is what gets simulated on those planes. The air moves with the plane (and you) and the particular flightpath makes it so your inertia cancels out the force of gravity exactly (for a short period) Also that is what is happening on say the ISS They are still affected by gravity of the Earth but are constantly falling around the globe.


Question: Why is the national debt in Japan so high?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the national debt in Japan so high?

The Japanese have been fighting a deflation-driven recession since the early 90s. What that means is that people spend less money, the economy shrinks, and people get laid off. This makes people fearful, so they spend even less money, and the economy shrinks more, and more people get laid off. It's a viscous circle. We know the best way to break out of that circle is for the government to step in and jump start the economy by: (1) spending lots and lots of money, and (2) loaning money out to anyone who wants it. The government keeps spending and spending until the economy gets health again. This takes some will power, because there's a strong temptation to take the foot off the gas too early. The problem is that the Japanese keep doing it wrong. They spend some money, not enough to jump start the economy. So they end up with the worst possible outcome - huge debts and an economy that won't get better. And then they try it again and fail for the same reason. And then again, and again, and again. To add to this, Japan has very stable debt as A. most of it is domestically owned by Japanese citizens and B. Japan, like the U.S has a good credit rating


Question: Why does the US have such a small amount of foreign reserves??

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the US have such a small amount of foreign reserves??

Foreign reserves are a hedge against your currency weakening suddenly, so you still have purchasing power. The US dollar is the strongest, most widely used currency in the world. Not only is it unlikely to take a dive, if it did, it is probably due to a world wide economic downturn, so having a lot of foreign currency really isn't going to help.


Question: Why do you lose your appetite when ill?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do you lose your appetite when ill?

Digesting food takes energy, since your body has to produce enzymes to break down food in your stomach and then move a lot of muscles to break it down some more and later to absorb the nutrients from the food. When you're sick, your body tries to divert whatever energy is necessary to fight the intruding bacteria. Usually for small infections, your body often recognizes the bacteria and knows how much energy is necessary to get rid of it, thus able to be more efficient in getting rid of it without making you lose your appetite. When you encounter bacteria that you've never encountered before, your body now has to work a little harder to memorize and fight against that bacteria. This takes more energy, and your body isn't exactly sure how much energy is necessary, so it might take some more as a precaution. This is usually what makes you feel tired. There are also bacteria that uses the nutrients your body absorbs to grow. To prevent this, your body will make you lose your appetite so that you won't eat so much or at all. This way, in the event the bacteria does feed on the nutrients your body absorbs, your body can prevent bacteria growth and get rid of it much faster. Of course, not all bacteria do this, but your body can't tell the difference when it hasn't encountered the bacteria before, so it's really a precaution. Most of the time, it's fine to eat. You just won't feel like it though. Edit: The second part might just be a bonus side-effect, but I consider it part of the cause. Let me know if anyone finds an article discussing this.


Question: Why does the weed smell linger in the air (outside) for significantly longer than cigarette smell?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the weed smell linger in the air (outside) for significantly longer than cigarette smell?

Pot smoke has [thiols]( URL_0 ) in it (the same things found in skunk smell), and humans are super good at detecting thiols in the air. Sharks can smell blood in 1 part per million, humans can smell thiols in 10 parts per billion. That's 100x better. & #x200B; edit: changed a number


Question: What does Big Data really do with our data?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does Big Data really do with our data?

"Big Data" isn't an entity so it does nothing with our data. "Big Data" refers to the concept of using large amounts of data to draw conclusions or direct action. Some company might collect "Big Data" about their customers and then try to draw conclusions about their customer base, such as what products to carry or advertise. Similarly selling that data to other companies would be profitable, and buying such data could in turn help grow a business.


Question: Why are moles most prevalent on the shoulders than anywhere else on the body?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are moles most prevalent on the shoulders than anywhere else on the body?

While this would be highly subjective, I can tell you why it's likely the case for you/other people: & #x200B; Your shoulders are the most likely area on your body to be exposed to the sun consistently aside from your face. This makes them more damaged by UV rays, and sun damage is a key factor in determining where moles grow. It also has to do with your genetics, there could just be a gene in you that grows moles on your shoulders more than other places. If you have a lot of moles in this area, and if new moles appear frequently, it is a good idea to go to a skin clinic and get checked if they are atypical(potentially cancerous).


Question: Why is standard deviation a better measure than mean deviation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is standard deviation a better measure than mean deviation?

In some way, both are measures of the dispersion, and none is better than the other in an absolute way -- for a given purpose one or the other may be more advantageous. Compare with the measures of centrality: median, arithmetic, geometric, harmonic means have the same type of relationship. Now standard deviation has nicer mathematical properties which make it often more convenient (for instance you can compute the standard deviation of the union of two datasets if you know the standard deviation, mean and size of the datasets; see also the central limit theorem) even if it is less easy to give an intuitive meaning to the number (it is possible: Wikipedia has a geometrical interpretation in its entry, but you have to think in n dimensions)


Question: How do we get vitamins from the sun?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we get vitamins from the sun?

Vitamin D you get in food is in an inactive form. Gets eaten, circulates around blood vessels including those on your skin. The sunshine's UV rays makes it change to another form, which then goes to the liver, gets changed to another form, finally in the kidneys to the active form that works doing things like getting calcium and phosphate absorption .


Question: If caffeine tolerance is high enough that desired effects are not felt, why are some negative effects like sleep disturbance still felt?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If caffeine tolerance is high enough that desired effects are not felt, why are some negative effects like sleep disturbance still felt?

Caffeine shuts down the part of your brain that produces "I'm Tired" hormones. The first stage of tolerance is when your body makes more "I'm Tired" hormone factories, requiring more Caffeine to shut them all down. Cut the Caffeine and now you've got all these extra factories putting out twice as much than the norm making you tired all the time. Stay clean for a couple of weeks and things will regulate. It's possible that with excessive use over time, your body has just given up, stopped making new factories, and shut down the others. This would make it hard to sleep, and will likely take longer to regulate. However, you should also do some navel gazing to see if Caffeine is the true problem. Are you stressed and not sleeping? Is your diet screwed up? Not getting enough exercise? Caffeine is a short-term supplement. If you "require" it to start your day, it's time to cut it out and reset your system.


Question: Why would anyone do a cash advance if they have a credit card?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why would anyone do a cash advance if they have a credit card?

Well presumably you'd do it because you need money somewhere that doesn't accept credit, and you're willing to pay the fees to do so. I can definitely see it being useful for some people in emergencies, 3am on a sunday and you need your car fixed in some remote town by someone who won't do credit. Better rates isn't exactly something you care about, you need $1k cash in 5 minutes to sleep tonight. You pay the fees and hopefully pay the card off later that week. This is reasonable if you decided to put much of your emergency account funds into stocks and such, it takes a full week to access which is generally ok, but if you need cash in minutes you have to rely on credit, and if they don't take credit it's going to have to be cash advance. I think that situation is rare that it happens, and it really shouldn't if you manage your money well, but I won't say it's something that never happens. Banks of course want the fees so it's available even if it's never a good idea for you. And second, when banks do a 0% balance transfer promo, what they really do is give you 0% cash advance, if you're good with handling your money, you can do what those in /r/churning do and cash advance into a high rate CD, you'll make money that way.


Question: why do people see double when they are drunk?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do people see double when they are drunk?

If you have 2 working eyes, you are always seeing double, in a way. Hold a fingertip up in front of your face, and look straight at it, focusing on it. While you're doing that, notice how the more distant background seems to split into doubles. Now, look at some far-off object in the distance, and notice how your finger seems to have doubled! Your brain is good at merging the 2 images from your 2 eyes, into one unified visual impression, and it partly achieves this by carefully managing your eyes' rotation so that whatever you're looking at, is perfectly centered in each eye. When you're drunk, that ability is diminished. Double vision will probably happen whenever your eyes are not both pointing straight at the same spot. If you're getting disoriented by it, the easiest thing is to just shut one eye and try to focus on it with the other. [Here's another]( URL_0 ) version of the same trick.


Question: Does running vs walking an equal distance use the same amount of energy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Does running vs walking an equal distance use the same amount of energy?

It depends what you mean by "energy". Running and walking a mile are both going to move the same mass the same distance, so in terms of physics, you did the same amount of work and expended the same amount of energy. In terms of calories, running is going to usually go burn a few more for a given distance. Running uses energy a little less efficiently, especially if you run fast enough to get into the anaerobic range. At that point, your body isn't getting enough oxygen, and has to rely on a much less efficient process to convert glucose into ATP. On the other hand, your body will burn a certain amount of calories each hour, 50-100, just being alive. This is kind of a calorie tax on anything you do, so if you were very fit and walked very slowly, the tax you pay might be more than what you save in efficiency. Finally, there is our perception of energy and fatigue. Your cells burn glucose for energy, and glycogen is your bodies main short-term energy reserve, as it can be readily converted into glucose. Usually, there is enough in the muscles to do whatever you need them to do. When that is exhausted, there is glycogen in the bloodstream that can replenish it. When that is exhaust, more is stored in the liver. And when that is exhausted, your body has to start converting fat into glucose. Each of those steps represented an additional level of fatigue, as your body has to replenish the various reserves as they are exhausted. That is why sprinting a mile will leave you feeling more tired than walking five miles, even though it used fewer calories. Walking burns calories slowly enough glycogen can be replenished as you go, while running will result in a deficit.


Question: why do events and broadcasts incorporate a sign language interpreter instead of quality text captioning, which seems like it would be just as useful or more (many people have a range of hearing issues who do not know ASL)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do events and broadcasts incorporate a sign language interpreter instead of quality text captioning, which seems like it would be just as useful or more (many people have a range of hearing issues who do not know ASL)?

The people in the audience would not be able to clearly see closed captioning and it's a lot more personal when you've got a live person interpreting for you rather than just words popping up on the screen. It's also really difficult to synchronize text with live speech - even if you have the script ahead of time, a person's going to naturally do unscripted pauses (coughing to clear throats, pausing for effect or to gather thoughts, taking a sip of water, etc.) that would throw the text off sync.


Question: Why commercial airplanes are usually white while military airplanes are usually grey?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why commercial airplanes are usually white while military airplanes are usually grey?

3 main reasons : 1. Minimizing visual signature . Aircraft operating over sea can be camouflaged by painting them blue\-grey. 2. Blending of aircraft with the tarmac. Parked aircraft outlines are harder to see if the aircraft color doesn't provide sharp contrast with the surface they are on. 3. Modern military aircraft are painted with radar absorbent paint . The paint is most effective with darker colors and a matte finish. Hence, grey aircraft.


Question: Why does a sphere have the lowest surface area out of all 3D shapes for a given volume?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a sphere have the lowest surface area out of all 3D shapes for a given volume?

Think of it this way. If you start with a sphere and then poke any portion in or out, you create an irregularity which needs more material. The bit of material right at the corner or edge holds little volume and is wasteful. Eliminating all the corners and edges leaves no wasteful bits to remove.