Question: Provide a brief history of Freemantle Football Club. Respond briefly.

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 Provide a brief history of Freemantle Football Club. Respond briefly.

Freemantle were a football club based in the Freemantle area of Southampton. They were active for 21 years and were one of the early leading pioneers of football in Hampshire. During their brief heyday, at the end of the nineteenth century, they were arch rivals to Southampton F.C.


Question: Who is Ezekiel Vohn Lindenmuth? Respond in 38 words.

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 Who is Ezekiel Vohn Lindenmuth? Respond in 38 words.

Ezekiel Vohn Lindenmuth (born 14 July 1997 in New Zealand) is a New Zealand rugby union player who plays for the in Super Rugby. His playing position is prop. He has signed for the Blues squad in 2019.


Question: What is the Shekhan District?

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 What is the Shekhan District?

The Shekhan District is a district in the Nineveh Governorate with its capital at Ain Sifni.
It is bordered by the Amadiya and Dahuk Districts of the Dahuk Governorate to the north, the Akre district to the east, Al-Hamdaniya District to the south, and the Tel Kaif District to the west.


Question: What do you know about Bill Simpson? Respond in 1 sentences.

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 What do you know about Bill Simpson? Respond in 1 sentences.

Sir William James Simpson (20 May 1920 – November 2001), often known as Bill Simpson, was a Scottish trade unionist and political activist.


Question: Respond in 24 words. Who is Triguinho?

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 Respond in 24 words. Who is Triguinho?

Luciano da Silva or simply Triguinho (born 25 February 1979 in Piquete), is a Brazilian left back, who currently plays for Red Bull Brasil.


Question: Describe a recent incident involving the Magnitude Exploit Kit.

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 Describe a recent incident involving the Magnitude Exploit Kit.

On April 2, security researcher @Kafeine at Proofpoint discovered a change to the Magnitude Exploit Kit. Thanks to their collaboration, we analyzed the sample and discovered that Magnitude EK was exploiting a previously unknown vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player (CVE-2016-1019). The in-the-wild exploit achieves remote code execution on recent versions of Flash Player, but fails on the latest version (21.0.0.197).
While version 21.0.0.197 is vulnerable to this exploit, execution fails because Adobe introduced new exploit mitigations in version 21.0.0.182 of Flash Player. This was a great move from Adobe that shows how valuable innovations into exploit mitigations can be. Before the exploit kit authors could devise a way around the new mitigations, Adobe patched the underlying vulnerability.
Magnitude EK recently updated its delivery chain. It added a profile gate, just like Angler EK, which collects the screen’s dimensions and color depth (Figure 1).
The server responds with another profiling page, which tries to avoid sending exploits to users browsing from virtual machines or with certain antivirus programs installed (Figure 2). See the appendix for the full list of checks performed.
In our tests, Magnitude EK delivered the JSON double free exploit (CVE-2015-2419) and a small Flash loader that renders the new Flash exploit (Figure 3).
A memory corruption vulnerability exists in an undocumented ASnative API. The exploit causes the flash memory allocator to allocate buffers under the attacker’s control. The attacker can then create a ByteArray of length 0xFFFFFFFF such that it can read and write arbitrary memory, as seen in Figure 4. The exploit’s code layout and some of the functionalities are similar to the leaked HackingTeam exploits, in that it downloads malware from another server and executes it.
This is not the first time that new exploit mitigation research rendered an in-the-wild zero-day exploit ineffective. Exploit mitigations are an invaluable tool for the industry, and their ongoing development within some of the most widely targeted applications – such as Internet Explorer/Edge and Flash Player – change the game.
Despite regular security updates, attackers continue to target Flash Player, primarily because of its ubiquity and cross-platform reach. If Flash Player is required in your environment, ensure that you update to the latest version, and consider the use of mitigation tools such as EMET from Microsoft.
Click here for the security bulletin issued by Adobe.
A huge thank you to @Kafeine, without whom this discovery would not be possible. His diligence continues to keep this industry at pace with exploit kit authors around the world.


Question: What is Juvisy-sur-Orge, France?

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 What is Juvisy-sur-Orge, France?

Juvisy-sur-Orge () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France. It is located 18 km south-east of Paris.


Question: What happened in Guatemala in 1930?

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 What happened in Guatemala in 1930?

A presidential election was held in Guatemala on 29 December 1930.
The Congress to elect the provisional president of the Speaker of the Congress José María Reina Andrade (Liberal Party).


Question: Respond in 50 words. What is "A Rape on Campus"?

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 Respond in 50 words. What is "A Rape on Campus"?

"A Rape on Campus" is a retracted "Rolling Stone" magazine article, written by Sabrina Erdely and originally published on November 19, 2014, that describes a purported group sexual assault at the University of Virginia (UVA) in Charlottesville, Virginia. "Rolling Stone" retracted the story in its entirety on April 5, 2015.


Question: Describe a school bus accident in Italy.

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 Describe a school bus accident in Italy.

A bus in Italy carrying schoolchildren collided with a pylon and caught fire, killing at least 16 people, according to authorities. At least 39 people have been injured. The Hungarian bus was heading back to Budapest from France.
The incident occurred as the bus was exiting the A4 highway outside Verona on Friday. There were 55 people on board – 50 of them teenagers.
— ultimaedizione (@red_ultima_ediz) 21 января 2017 г.
Italian news agency Ansa said the children were mainly boys, aged 14 to 18. Some had reportedly been thrown out through the window upon collision with the pylon.
Others were trapped inside as the vehicle caught fire.
Most of the teens are thought to have burned alive.
Ten are reported to be in hospitals with very serious injuries.
The death toll is not expected to increase, according to the fire department.
— Polizia di Stato (@poliziadistato) 21 января 2017 г.
Another 15 children on the bus received lesser injuries, and are expected to be discharged today.
An investigation into the cause of the tragedy has been launched, with various explanations being considered, including the driver’s health, as well as sudden mechanical failure.
Police and emergency services have been at the scene all night and morning.


Question: Describe the process of unlocking the vault. Respond briefly.

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 Describe the process of unlocking the vault. Respond briefly.

After months of study and research, an effort led by the Waking Cadent and Shoghig Salon's Temple of the Lost has learned how to open the outer door of the vault. Now, Tender Sky and the excerpt Signet have been offered the chance to open the second gate.
But first, they must demonstrate that they remember the rule: No shortcuts.


Question: Describe the experiment conducted by Dana Small's team regarding the reward system triggered by foods that combine fat and processed carbohydrates. Respond in 34 sentences.

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 Describe the experiment conducted by Dana Small's team regarding the reward system triggered by foods that combine fat and processed carbohydrates. Respond in 34 sentences.

Foods that combine fats and carbs appear to send the human brain haywire, creating rewards above and beyond what people get from foods that contain either ingredient alone, researchers reported Thursday.
They think their experiment, using real-time brain scans, may help explain why so many of us are obese, and why we overeat even when we are not hungry.
Modern processed foods like pizza, burgers and pasta with creamy sauces trigger our brains in ways that naturally foraged foods never could, they report.
And it's in a way that people are not even conscious of, said Dana Small of the Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center at Yale University.
"Liking has nothing to do with this response," Small told NBC News. "Certain foods are harder to resist."
Foods that combine fat and processed carbohydrates stimulate the brain even when people claimed they did not particularly like that food more than others, the experiment showed.
“We demonstrate for the first time that foods containing both fat and carbohydrate are more rewarding, calorie for calorie, than those containing only fat or only carbohydrate,” Small's team wrote in the journal Cell Metabolism.
And it was greater than just the effects of adding the carb response to the fat response. Foods that combined carbohydrates and fats generated a response much greater than the sum of the parts, Small said.
The team also showed which parts of the brain are responsible for this greedy response.
They recruited 206 volunteers and gave them a small amount of money — under $10 — to “bid” on snack items. They also asked their volunteers to pick their favorite foods from this list of 39 foods.
Their volunteers agreed to sit in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) machines while looking over the “menu”.
"Certain foods are harder to resist."
Some of the foods were mostly fat, like cheese cubes. Others were mostly carbs — think white bread or sugary candy. And some combined fat and processed carbohydrates — chocolate chip cookies, for instance.
The volunteers' brains were scanned as they decided how much to bid for reach snack.
“Participants are willing to pay more for fat plus carbohydrate compared with equally familiar, liked, and caloric fat or carbohydrate foods,” they wrote.
The brain regions that were the most active in making these assessments were “reward” areas including the dorsal striatum and mediodorsal thalamus.
"It one of the first studies to show that our modern foods, processed foods, are different. They are affecting our physiology differently," Small said.
They also asked their volunteers to estimate how many calories were in the foods offered.
“Our participants were very accurate at estimating calories from fat and very poor at estimating calories from carbohydrate," Small said.
Modern life can confuse the human brain, which evolved when people had to forage for food and rarely ate different foods together at the same meal, the researchers noted.
“The modern food environment proffers up nutrients in doses and combinations that do not exist in nature,” they wrote.
There is no natural equivalent of a doughnut or a burger, for example.
Combining fat and carbs may overstimulate the brain’s reward mechanism much in the same way as drugs of abuse do, the researchers said.
"It's not a conscious response," Small said. "It's not pleasure, so what is it? It is an unconscious signal."
That may explain why it's so hard to resist the foods that are bad for us, she said. "Foods in the modern environment trick those (brain) circuits," Small said.


Question: What type of mushroom can you find in western North America? Respond briefly.

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 What type of mushroom can you find in western North America? Respond briefly.

Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis is a mushroom found under conifers, usually pine, growing alone, scattered or gregariously in western North America.


Question: What does "anodyne" mean?

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</answer>
 What does "anodyne" mean?

Anodyne came to English via Latin from Greek anōdynos ("without pain"), and it has been used as both an adjective and a noun ("something that relieves pain") since the 16th century. It has sometimes been used of things that dull or lull the senses and render painful experiences less so. Edmund Burke used it this way, for example, in 1790 when he referred to flattery as an "anodyne draft of oblivion" that renders one (in this particular case, the deposed king Louis XVI) forgetful of the flatterer's true feelings. In the 1930s, a newer second sense began appearing in our vocabulary. Now, in addition to describing things that dull pain, anodyne can also refer to that which doesn't cause discomfort in the first place.
These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'anodyne.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
What made you want to look up anodyne? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


Question: What do you think about Phorm's online advertising system?

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 What do you think about Phorm's online advertising system?

Online advert system Phorm could make the net less secure and breaches human rights, the service's creators have been told.
Phorm's bosses met with members of the public in London to discuss concerns around its controversial deployment.
Kent Ertugrul, Phorm's chief executive, defended the service, saying it would be a crucial revenue source for ISPs and website owners.
BT, Virgin and Carphone Warehouse have signed up to trial Phorm.
Phorm works by connecting a users' web surfing habits to a series of advertising channels in order to target adverts.
Keywords in websites visited by a user are scanned and connected to advertising categories, and then matched to particular adverts.
It means a user who has been visiting web pages with lots of references to cars, for example, could then see adverts for cars when visiting a website that has signed up to Phorm's service.
But concerns have been raised about privacy implications.
Dr Richard Clayton, treasurer of the Foundation for Information Policy Research and a professor at Cambridge University, told the meeting the architecture of Phorm made the internet potentially less secure.
"I don't think it improves the stability of the internet," he said.
Dr Clayton carried out an assessment of the architecture of Phorm following an invitation from the company.
He explained that in some cases a user's attempt to visit a webpage resulted in the request bouncing back and forth between Phorm's service and the website three times before completing.
The Phorm system does this in order to connect a user to a particular website when visiting for the first time.
Phorm's senior vice president of technology Marc Burgess said this type of redirection would happen in less than 1% of browsing, would be invisible to the user and would not affect the online experience.
But Dr Clayton said this redirection was open to potential abuse and mis-use, potentially by criminal gangs online seeking to connect a Phorm user to his or her web surfing habits.
He said Phorm's system was illegal in his view because it relied on the interception of data - both the user's data and data from websites it trawls.
But he also praised the service for its data protection policies in that no personal information about a user was stored or processed by Phorm.
Mr Ertugrul told the meeting that the firm had taken months of legal advice before announcing its plans and was satisfied the service broke no UK law.
"Laws are made by due process not by people standing up and saying it is illegal," he said.
Speaking at the meeting, IT specialist Alexander Hanff said Phorm infringed people's human rights with respect to privacy.
But Mr Ertugrul said Phorm had the potential to transform the economics of the internet.
"The internet today is two to three professionals - Microsoft, Yahoo and Google - and 9,999,999 hobbyists.
"Phorm makes all websites capable of making a living," he said, adding the technology could end the stranglehold Google has online advertising market.
Mr Ertugrul said Phorm's ability to put adverts on participating websites based on the users' interests would be much more valuable that the current advertising model, which is based on the content on the actual web page.
"Even small websites can make money with Phorm," he said.
He said Phorm would aid ISPs who were struggling to provide a service to customers.
"In the UK the business of connecting you to the internet is almost not worth doing; margins are so thin," he said.
Mr Hanff added: "The public perception is that they find it offensive that Phorm are profiling them. They do not want it."
Mr Ertugrul dismissed concerns that Phorm's technology was open to future abuse through "mission creep".
"The ISPs stand to lose far more for breaching trust than anything else. If anybody is not interested in mission creep, it's the ISPs, because they will lose your trust," said Mr Ertugrul.
Mr Ertugrul invited privacy and security experts to examine the firm's technology embedded into ISPs at any time they wanted.


Question: What was Training for Utopia? Respond in 15 words.

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 What was Training for Utopia? Respond in 15 words.

Training for Utopia, also stylized as TFU, was a metalcore band which existed from 1996–2000.


Question: Provide a description of Markus Müller's career.

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 Provide a description of Markus Müller's career.

Markus Müller (born 22 May 1988) is a German footballer who plays as a forward for Teutonia Watzenborn-Steinberg.
Müller began his career with Erzgebirge Aue, and made his debut in the 2. Bundesliga in April 2008, replacing Florian Heller in a 0–0 home draw with 1. FC Kaiserslautern. He left Aue in January 2009 to join Hallescher FC of the Regionalliga Nord, where he spent two and a half seasons, being released in June 2011 after injury had restricted him to just eight appearances in the previous season. He subsequently joined SV Babelsberg 03 of the 3. Liga, for whom he scored 12 goals in the 2011–12 season. After Babelsberg were relegated in the 2012–13 season, he left to sign for Wormatia Worms, where he spent six months before joining Kickers Offenbach.


Question: "Describe the world's most expensive camera lenses."

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 "Describe the world's most expensive camera lenses."

World’s Most Expensive Camera Lenses Tracked Down.
We have seen the battle of biggest zoom lenses in our previous post and this time we are sharing some mind boggling facts about the most expensive camera lenses in the world. We are going to see some of the most expensive camera lenses ever produced for commercial photography purposes.
Product where both are great products with their own advantages and disadvantages.
The case is large enough to contain a full grown man and weighs more than the lens itself. The major reason to buy this lens would be to capture moments that are not achievable by using slower lenses.
It weighs a whopping 36 pounds and measures 3 feet in length. This manual focus lens was introduced in 1993 and had a hefty price tag of $60,000.
It was first used in 1990 at the Koshien Stadium, the baseball ground at which the spring high school baseball tournament is staged.
It was also used during the french hostage situation to capture photos from safe distance by AP journalists.
Only a handful of these rare largest canon lenses exist today. B&H Photo dubs it, ‘The Mother of all Telephotos’. It’s more than capable of producing clear images of scenery miles away.
B&H has a ‘slightly used’ model priced at $120,000, but supposedly Canon has been custom building new ones since 1993. Minimum focusing distance is at 46 feet.
This rare lens by Nikon was first unveiled at Photokina in 1970. This prime, designed for special scientific and industrial applications, is actually able to see behind itself! It weighs a whopping 5.2 kg and covers an angle of 220º.
You can’t afford it but even if you can, you won’t be able to find it as it’s a rarity.
The most exotic camera lens ever made. A whopping TWO MILLION DOLLARS bombshell.
A Leica lens that you’ll never get to see in real life. Super-rich photo-buff Sheikh Saud Bin Mohammed Al-Thani of Qatar ordered the specially made Leica APO-Telyt-R 1:5.6/1600mm lens direct from Leica and spent a whopping $2,064,500.00 to get it. This makes it the most expensive consumer camera lens ever made.
The body of the lens is around 1.2-meters long, and it 42cm wide body. It tips the scales at at least 60kg (132lbs). The exact specs are not available, but some figures are known. The focal length is 1600mm, which means it can be used to take pictures extremely far away in a very narrow field of view, about 1.5 degrees. It also fits Leica’s 1.4x and 2x APO tele-converters, which boost the focal length to 2240mm or 3200mm respectively.
Because the focal length is so long, it would be hard to get clear images. This is another reason this lens needs very solid tripod support.
Sadly, you’re probably never going to see what this beauty can do. It was delivered to Al-Thani in the year 2006, and no pictures taken with it have ever been made public. That actually makes it even more special and the price gets higher than the $2 million tag.


Question: Describe how minerals extraction revenues on federal lands in the US are distributed.

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 Describe how minerals extraction revenues on federal lands in the US are distributed.

Currently, all revenues from oil, gas, and coal extraction on federal lands are evenly split between the U.S. Treasury and the state where extraction occurs. The one exception is Alaska, where 90 percent of revenues from mineral leasing on federal lands in the state are directed to its government. State governments use these revenues to help pay for infrastructure, education, and public safety, among other things. In 2016, Western states collectively received approximately $1.3 billion in federal energy payments. Without these funds, state governments would either need to make deep cuts to essential public services or raise taxes to balance their budgets.


Question: Have you heard about the Christmas for Shacktown story?

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 Have you heard about the Christmas for Shacktown story?

A Christmas for Shacktown is a 32-page Disney comics story written, drawn, and lettered by Carl Barks. The story was first published in "Four Color" #367 (January 1952), and tells of Donald Duck's attempts to raise money for a Christmas party for the poor children of Shacktown.
The story begins with Donald's nephews passing through Shacktown, the most impoverished area of Duckburg. They progressively get more depressed as they see the living conditions there, children of their age dressed in rags and having tired expressions, hunger and sickness evident in many of them. They feel responsible for it and want to help those poor children find some happiness. The Ducks have the idea of organizing a Christmas celebration.


Question: Respond in detail. Have you ever heard of the story of the two Madeleine Mores?

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 Respond in detail. Have you ever heard of the story of the two Madeleine Mores?

In 2004, 80-year-old Madeleine Mores of Vittel, France decided to return to her home country and begin receiving her government pension. Having lived in Algeria since the 1960's, she returned to France to renew her ID card.
Imagine her shock and anger when she discovered that her $670-a-month pension and her identification had already been claimed. For the last 20 years, someone who allegedly had the same name as her and was currently living in Saint-Etinne, France had been drawing her pension.
Looking like a simple case of identity theft, Madeleine from Vittel (who we'll call "Madeleine 1") handled losing some of her retirement payouts much differently than the people in my ancestral home country of Greece: Instead of rioting and throwing yogurt everywhere, she went to the authorities.
Nothing screams "REVOLUTION" like the smell of tear gas and Chobani.
The wheels of justice turned slowly, but in 2006, police arranged a face to face confrontation with Madeleine 1's alleged identity thief (who we'll call "Madeleine 2"). But instead of running and/or trying to lie her way out of things, she firmly insisted that she, in fact, was the real Madeleine Mores.
Madeleine 2 was not only able to sound convincing, but also produced an identity card, passport, and pay slips with her identifying information as the real Madeleine. She was even able to produce a birth certificate that listed her name as 'Madeleine Paule Helene Mores' and being born on November 6, 1924...the same information that was found on the birth certificate for Madeleine 1. The two women also claimed to have been born in the same village, Meurthe-et-Moselle.
As police uncovered more information, however, things got even more confusing. Both Madeleines claimed to have the same mother and to have been given away to foster families during their early years. Madeleine 1 claimed that she was given up after their mother died giving birth to her younger brother in 1931, while Madeleine 2 claimed she was simply given up due to being unwanted (Madeleine 2 did not claim in siblings).
The real twist, however, was provided by a faded photograph (thankfully preserved by a Google cached version after the original was removed from the internet) of Madeleine 1 that was taken near of an Orleans orphanage during the 1940's. Sitting next to her in the photograph appears to be Madeleine 2. Despite both women agreeing that they are in the photograph, neither one remembers meeting the other until their recent encounter...or even having the picture taken.
With both women seemingly convinced that they were the real Madeleine, DNA tests were conducted that compared samples from each woman against a proven member of the Mores family line. The tests determined that Madeleine 1 was the real deal, but that still leaves us with the question of Madeleine 2's identity.
First of all, she had no reason to steal the identity of Madeleine 1; Madeleine 2 had a well documented work history, so that sweet government cheese that so many retirees in Europe look forward to would have surely been hers.
Madeleine 2 also had plenty of documentation over the years of her supposed identity as Madeleine Mores. If she was trying to steal another woman's identity with the same name, this was the longest con in history (not to mention a very low paying target).
This could all be explained as some sort of pre World War II bureaucratic cleric error, except for one thing: The photograph that they both identify as being in, but don't remember taking.
The case currently has no new leads or possible explanations. Madeleine 2 is currently living in limbo without an official identity...and a lot of unanswered questions.
overwhelming excitement over winning the battle to prove who she is.


Question: Respond in detail. Describe the Akshardham Temple in Delhi.

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 Respond in detail. Describe the Akshardham Temple in Delhi.

Did you know that the Akshardham was officially opened by Dr A.P.J Abdul Kalam in 2005. If you want to know more about about this temple, keep reading as today we would be discussing about this temple.
Akshardham Temple depicts the life and work of Swaminarayan and is managed by BAPS. Akshardham as per Hinduism means the abode of Swaminarayan. Lord Swaminarayan is believed to be the temporal home of God on Earth. Every tourist who comes to Delhi is attracted towards the temple.
The main temple of the Akshardham temple is carved with Flora, Fauna and deities. It is 43 meters in height and 96 meters wide. It is made up of sandstone and also marble. The temple also consists of 20,00 murtis of Sadhus, 234 carved pillars and nine domes. There are 148 elephants weighing over 3000 tons.
The Hall of values depicts the life and incidents of Lord Swaminarayan. Robotics are used in the Hall to make the features Lifelike. The Hall also has the World’s smallest Robot depicting the life of Lord Swaminarayan as a child and is named as Ghanshyam Maharaj.
This a 40 minutes show on Delhi’s first large screen. This darshan shows the pilgrimage made by Lord Swaminarayan across India when he was seven years old.
This is a boat ride and you can experience the journey of our heritage from the past 10,000 years in just 12 minutes. The boat ride would take you through markets, teachings, hospitals, astronomical labs of ancient and medieval era.
Musical Fountain: This show happens during the evening time and is the most spectacular show that I have ever seen in my life. This is a 24 minute spectacular show from the Kena Upanishad. There are multi color Lasers, projectors & live actors used during this show which makes this a breath taking show.
The temple timings are 09:30 AM till 08:00 PM and arti is conducted at 10:00 AM and 06:00 PM.


Question: Describe the Pacific Tigers women's basketball team.

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 Describe the Pacific Tigers women's basketball team.

The Pacific Tigers women's basketball team is an NCAA Division I member that represents the University of the Pacific part of the West Coast Conference. The team is based in Stockton, California. They play their home games at the Alex G. Spanos Center.


Question: Could you explain the basics of taxation in California, and how it affects my paycheck?

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 Could you explain the basics of taxation in California, and how it affects my paycheck?

California has the highest top marginal income tax rate in the country. It’s a high-tax state in general, which affects the paychecks Californians earn. The Golden State’s income tax system is progressive, which means wealthy filers pay a higher marginal tax rate on their income. Cities in California levy their own sales taxes but do not charge their own income taxes on top of the state income tax.
Your job probably pays you either an hourly wage or an annual salary. But unless you’re getting paid under the table (which we don’t encourage), your actual take-home pay will be lower than the hourly or annual wage listed on your job contract. The reason for this discrepancy between your salary and your take-home pay has to do with the tax withholdings from your wages that happen before your employer cuts your paychecks. There may also be contributions toward insurance coverage, retirement funds, and other optional contributions, all of which can lower your final paycheck.
Other factors that can affect the size of your paycheck (whether you live in California or in any other state) include your marital status, your pay frequency, how many allowances you claim and what deductions and contributions you make. If you make contributions to your company’s health insurance plan, for example, that payment will be deducted from each of your paychecks before the money hits your bank account. The same goes for contributions you make to a 401(k) or a Health Savings Account. In December 2017, President Trump signed a new tax plan into law. The IRS has since released updated tax withholding guidelines and taxpayers should have seen changes to their paychecks starting in February 2018. There should be no new changes for 2019, and for the time being taxpayers do not need to fill out a new W-4. Employers will use the withholdings on your current form.
So what makes California’s payroll system different from the systems you might have encountered in other states? For one thing, the taxes are considerably higher. However, California has nine income tax brackets and the system is progressive, so if your income is on the low side you might pay a lower tax rate in California than you would in a flat tax state. California’s notoriously high top marginal tax rate of 12.3% (the highest in the country) only applies to income above $572,980 for single filers and $1,145,960 for joint filers.
While the income taxes in California are high, the property taxes are fortunately below the national average. If you are thinking about using a mortgage to buy a home in California, check out our guide to California mortgage rates.
California also does not have any cities that charge their own income taxes. However, sales tax in California does vary by city and county. This won’t affect your paycheck but it might affect your budget.
California is one of the few states to require deductions for disability insurance. This may seem like a drag, but having disability insurance is a good idea to protect yourself and your family from any loss of earnings you might suffer in the event of a short- or long-term disability.
If you earn money in California, your employer will withhold state disability insurance payments equal to 1% of your taxable wages up to $114,967 per calendar year. The maximum your employer can withhold for State Disability Insurance (SDI) is $1,149.67. If you’re covered by SDI you’re also covered by the State of California’s Paid Family Leave program.
Some employees earn supplemental wages. This includes overtime, commission, awards, bonuses, payments for non-deductible moving expenses (often called a relocation bonus), severance and pay for accumulated sick leave. In California these supplemental wages are taxed at a flat rate. Bonuses and earnings from stock options are taxed at a flat rate of 10.23%, while all other supplemental wages are taxed at a flat rate of 6.6%. These taxes will be reflected in the withholding from your paycheck if applicable.
Though some of the withholding from your paycheck is non-negotiable, there are certain steps you can take to affect the size of your paycheck. If you choose to save more of each paycheck for retirement, for example, your take-home pay will go down. That’s why personal finance experts often advise that employees increase the percentage they’re saving for retirement when they get a raise, so they don’t experience a smaller paycheck and get discouraged from saving.
If you choose a more expensive health insurance plan or you add family members to your plan, you may see more money withheld from each of your paychecks, depending on your company’s insurance offerings.
If your paychecks seem small and you get a big tax refund every year, you might want to fill out a new W-4 form and a new California state income tax DE-4 Form. These forms tell your employer how many allowances you’re claiming and how much to withhold from each of your paychecks. If you take more allowances, you might get a smaller refund but you should get bigger paychecks. Conversely, if you always owe tax money come April, you may want to claim fewer allowances so that more money is withheld throughout the year.
In the state of California your employer can’t deduct anything from your wages except what is required by state and federal law (for income taxes, for example) or what you authorize yourself (for your health insurance premiums, for example). Union workers, however, may see legal deductions that don’t fall in either of these categories if such deductions are authorized by your collective bargaining agreement. An example of this kind of deduction is a pension payment.


Question: What is the Albrighton Hunt?

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 What is the Albrighton Hunt?

The Albrighton Hunt is a United Kingdom foxhound pack, with hunting country of around 30-35 miles by within Shropshire and Staffordshire.
The Albrighton Hunt was preceded by two hunts in the North and South country, called the Shifnal and Enville respectively. There are records of the Enville hunt from 1792, while the Shifnal country was frequently hunted by Sir Richard Puleston from the neighbouring Wynnstay country. The hunt itself came into existence in 1825, with the country then covering from Newport down to Bewdley and Kidderminster.


Question: Describe the effects of the Brazilian Supreme Court ruling that permits local governments to charge property taxes to concession operators.

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 Describe the effects of the Brazilian Supreme Court ruling that permits local governments to charge property taxes to concession operators.

BRASILIA (Reuters) - Companies from Brazilian state oil company Petróleo Brasileiro SA to commodities giant Louis Dreyfus Company and German car giant Volkswagen AG (VOWG_p.DE) could face hefty bills after Brazil’s Supreme Court this month allowed local governments to charge property taxes to operators of public concessions.
The ruling settled an 18-year old spat between Petrobras (PETR4.SA), as the state-controlled oil company is known, and the city of Santos, home of Brazil’s busiest container port.
Even though Petrobras does not own the terminal, and only operates it under a concession, the court ruled that it was liable to pay tax on the property.
Now Santos is demanding the oil giant and other terminal operators pay an estimated 300 million reais ($85.5 million) in back taxes and foot an annual tax bill that could total 13 million reais a year.
Property taxes in Brazil are set at the city level and usually hover around 1.5 percent of property values.
Santos could become the first of many regional governments to seek redress from operators of everything from ports and highways to airports as a slower-than-expected economic recovery in Latin America’s largest economy has made authorities desperate for tax revenues.
Though the annual value of tax payments going forward may be small, at an annual average of around 200,000 reais ($57,136) per terminal in Santos, the city government wants to collect back taxes stretch back to 2000, when the suit was first filed.
The Supreme Court, by stating its ruling was generally applicable, has opened the door for other cities to follow suit, though there is still legal uncertainty over how far back unpaid taxes can be claimed.
Venilton Tadini, head of Brazil’s association of infrastructure operators, said he expects local governments, which have seen tax collection slump due to the weak economy, to rush at the opportunity of raising revenues.
The association for highway operators said in a statement that local governments have already contacted “several” of its members to charge property taxes on toll roads, roadways and even catwalks.
An unexpected tax bill could deal a blow to a wide range of companies, including not only listed Brazilian firms such as toll-road operator CCR SA (CCRO3.SA) and rail firm Rumo SA (RAIL3.SA), but also foreign behemoths such as commodities traders Bunge (BG.N) and Louis Dreyfus Company AKIRAU.UL and car manufacturer Volkswagen, which operate port terminals in Brazil.
Representatives for the companies and the government declined to comment.
With margins on many of the contracts tight, the ruling could trigger renegotiations to offset the new taxes by increasing federal payments to concession operators or by allowing them to raise their tariffs more than currently forecast.
This could pose a fresh obstacle to the federal government’s efforts to curb a mounting fiscal deficit, while also elevating the notoriously high logistical costs for companies operating in Brazil.
“Either the federal government transfers money to local governments or prices will have to change. Margins are far too tight,” said José Di Bella Filho, the head of the port terminals association.
Charging property taxes on public concessions could also threaten future auctions of public services, the association said.
This would add fresh difficulties to government efforts to join forces with the private sector to renew the nation’s ageing infrastructure, a flagship initiative of President Michel Temer, who is considering whether to seek reelection in October.
Temer’s administration undertook a string of infrastructure auctions after he took office in 2016, following the impeachment of his predecessor Dilma Rousseff, seeking to tap newfound demand for Brazilian assets.
A government source involved in concessions, who requested anonymity because of the sensitivity of the subject, said the Supreme Court decision generated legal uncertainty that could drive investors away from future auctions.
That could be a heavy blow to Brazil’s economic prospects. In a February survey, OECD singled out infrastructure investments as crucial to boosting Brazil’s economic growth.


Question: "Provide information about the former Chicago Transit Authority stop 29th"

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 "Provide information about the former Chicago Transit Authority stop 29th"

29th was a station on the Chicago Transit Authority's South Side Main Line, which is now part of the Green Line. The station was located at 29th Street and Wabash Avenue in the Douglas neighborhood of Chicago. 29th was situated south of 26th and north of 31st. 29th opened on June 6, 1892, and closed on August 1, 1949.


Question: Describe the Laredo striped whiptail.

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 Describe the Laredo striped whiptail.

The Laredo striped whiptail ("Aspidoscelis laredoensis") is a species of lizard found in the southern United States, in Texas, and northern Mexico in Coahuila and Tamaulipas. Some sources believe it to be the result of extensive hybridization between the Texas spotted whiptail, "Aspidoscelis gularis" and the six-lined racerunner, "Aspidoscelis sexlineatus". It is one of many lizard species known to be parthenogenic.


Question: Describe Jake Needham's cricketing career.

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 Describe Jake Needham's cricketing career.

Jake Needham (born 30 September 1986) is an English cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm off-break bowler. He made his Derbyshire first team debut in 2006, having spent two years in the second team.


Question: Write a paragraph describing how people have come forward with allegations of sexual misconduct against powerful figures in Hollywood, and explain how the current Hollywood meltdown has been brought about.

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 Write a paragraph describing how people have come forward with allegations of sexual misconduct against powerful figures in Hollywood, and explain how the current Hollywood meltdown has been brought about.

Yesterday, the Los Angeles Times reported that six women, including actresses Olivia Munn and Natasha Henstridge, are accusing director Brett Ratner of sexual misconduct, the latest in what is becoming a crisis for Hollywood since similar accusations were made against producer Harvey Weinstein in stories appearing last month in the New York Times and the New Yorker magazine.
We haven’t communicated with Yashar about his plans, but we were interested in the idea that Marty Singer has been caught up in his own way in the current Hollywood meltdown.
One of the reasons that victims have been reluctant in the past to come forward with allegations of sexual misconduct of powerful figures is that those powerful figures often employ powerful attorneys who can make coming forward very frightening.
And we have an example of that which we are making public this morning.
In March, we broke the story that the Los Angeles Police Department was investigating the accusations of three women, all Scientologists, who alleged that between 2001 and 2003 they were each raped violently by Scientologist and That ’70s Show actor Danny Masterson. Only one of the three victims, a woman we’re referring to as Victim B, went to the police with her allegations, when she reported her 2003 attack to the LAPD in 2004. That investigation was dropped when more victims couldn’t be found. Then last year, Victim A discovered for the first time that two other women also claimed to have been raped by Masterson, which motivated her to go to law enforcement for the first time, eventually sparking the LAPD investigation of allegations by all three women. Masterson has denied the allegations through his representatives, and he hired renowned criminal defense attorney Tom Mesereau.
After nearly a year since Victim A came forward, the Los Angeles District Attorney’s office has not decided whether to file charges. Yesterday, we asked Netflix to explain why, four months after we revealed that Masterson was being investigated for three violent rapes, on July 4 the website renewed his show The Ranch for a third season to be released in 2018. That’s in contrast to its quick action this week, when it cancelled production on the sixth and final season of House of Cards only two days after 32-year-old, uncharged allegations against its star, Kevin Spacey, surfaced in the Daily Beast on Sunday. We’re still waiting for a response from the Netflix media relations department.
While reporting on the Masterson investigation we have managed to obtain numerous documents involved in the investigation, including police reports we made public in several stories.
The Underground Bunker also obtained a letter written by Masterson’s attorney, entertainment lawyer Marty Singer. It was sent last year to the husband of Victim A, threatening legal action over some accusations the husband made about Masterson on Twitter.
We think it gives a pretty good indication of what the hundreds of women coming forward in recent days have experienced as they tried to speak up about powerful men in Hollywood.
We look forward to your thoughts on the language of the letter.
UPDATE: Yashar Ali has now published that piece we were anticipating, and it’s killer. He says that his sources at the L.A. District Attorney’s office and the LAPD tell him that the investigation produced “overwhelming” evidence of Masterson’s guilt, but the case has inexplicably been “slow-rolled,” with the DA’s office still not deciding yet whether to file charges. Yashar also reveals that during the investigation, a fourth victim came forward, a woman who was never a Scientologist.
What is Los Angeles District Attorney Jackie Lacey waiting for?
Bernie Headley has not seen his daughter Stephanie in 4,921 days.
Brian Sheen has not seen his grandson Leo in 67 days.
Clarissa Adams has not seen her parents Walter and Irmin Huber in 1,130 days.
Carol Nyburg has not seen her daughter Nancy in 1,904 days.
Jamie Sorrentini Lugli has not seen her father Irving in 2,678 days.
Quailynn McDaniel has not seen her brother Sean in 2,024 days.
Claudio and Renata Lugli have not seen their son Flavio in 2,518 days.
Sara Goldberg has not seen her daughter Ashley in 1,558 days.
Lori Hodgson has not seen her son Jeremy and daughter Jessica in 1,270 days.
Marie Bilheimer has not seen her mother June in 796 days.
Derek Bloch has not seen his father Darren in 2,025 days.
Cindy Plahuta has not seen her daughter Kara in 2,345 days.
Claire Headley has not seen her mother Gen in 2,320 days.
Ramana Dienes-Browning has not seen her mother Jancis in 676 days.
Mike Rinder has not seen his son Benjamin and daughter Taryn in 4,978 days.
Brian Sheen has not seen his daughter Spring in 1,084 days.
Skip Young has not seen his daughters Megan and Alexis for 1,487 days.
Mary Kahn has not seen her son Sammy in 1,360 days.
Lois Reisdorf has not seen her son Craig in 941 days.
Phil and Willie Jones have not seen their son Mike and daughter Emily in 1,446 days.
Mary Jane Sterne has not seen her daughter Samantha in 1,690 days.
Kate Bornstein has not seen her daughter Jessica in 12,799 days.


Question: What can you tell me about the evolution of Homoidea (apes)?

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 What can you tell me about the evolution of Homoidea (apes)?

The phylogenetic split of Hominidae into the subfamilies Homininae and Ponginae (also dubbed the "orangutan–human last common ancestor") is dated to the middle Miocene, roughly .
Hominoidea (apes) are thought to have evolved in Africa by about 18 million years ago. Among the genera thought to be in the ape lineage leading up to the emergence of the great apes (Hominidae) about 13 million years ago are "Proconsul", "Rangwapithecus", "Dendropithecus", "Nacholapithecus", "Equatorius", "Afropithecus" and "Kenyapithecus", all from East Africa. During the early Miocene, Europe and Africa were connected by land bridges over the Tethys Sea. Apes show up in Europe in the fossil record beginning 17 million years ago. Great apes show up in the fossil record in Europe and Asia beginning about 12 million years ago. The only living great ape in Asia is the orangutan.


Question: Provide a short description of Ana Maria Pavăl. Respond in 56 words.

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 Provide a short description of Ana Maria Pavăl. Respond in 56 words.

Ana Maria Pavăl (born July 10, 1983) is an amateur Romanian wrestler, who is playing for the women's 53 kilograms category. Since 2005, Pavăl had won a total of five bronze medals at the European Wrestling Championships. She is a member of CSA Steaua București, and is coached and trained by Simon Constantin and Vasile Vişan.


Question: Tell me more about Namsa Leuba. Respond in detail.

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 Tell me more about Namsa Leuba. Respond in detail.

Nearly two decades ago, in 2000, a CD called “Body & Soul: The Beginning” showed up in the markets of Lagos, Nigeria—an album that quickly became a regional hit, and, more gradually, helped spark a musical movement that has changed the sound of global pop. It was the work of Plantashun Boiz, a young trio that might accurately have been described as a boy band. The members—known as Tuface, BlackFace, and Faze—sometimes performed in matching outfits and often sang in matching voices, delivering plaintive, briskly syncopated love songs that bore traces of R. Kelly and Destiny’s Child. Careful listeners heard something else, too: a declaration of local pride. “Ememma,” one of the most popular tracks, captured the emergence of a hybrid new form of R. & B., propelled by a loping kick-drum beat and slippery verses delivered in Idoma, Tuface’s native language.
Is that I got my conscience on my side.
The titular phrase is an expression from the Efik language that means, essentially, “no problem.” Yawa is a Nigerian Pidgin term for “problem.” The song became not just a local hit but a global export; Beenie Man, the Jamaican star, appeared on the remix, trying and failing to upstage his host.
In the years since Idibia’s solo début, the Lagos music scene has produced a riot of new stars and new sounds. The music, which tends to be frenetic but playful, is sometimes called Afrobeats. (The term is often pluralized, to distinguish it from Afrobeat, Fela Kuti’s brand of funk.) It lives not just in Lagos but also in London, a secondary hub, and in other cities worldwide. One of its biggest boosters has been the Canadian rapper Drake, who made a series of recordings with the Afrobeats star WizKid; their collaboration “One Dance,” from 2016, is among the most popular songs of this decade in any genre.
This summer, the photographer Namsa Leuba went to Lagos to photograph performers from the city’s astonishingly fertile music scene. Idibia was there; he is now known as 2Baba and treated as a kind of Afrobeats godfather. (In 2015, he threw himself a fortieth-birthday party that was simultaneously a national celebration and an all-star concert.) Also on hand were a number of younger performers, all of whom have inherited Idibia’s conviction that the sound of Lagos can—in fact, should—echo across the globe.
This article appears in the print edition of the September 24, 2018, issue.
Namsa Leuba is a photographer whose practice spans documentary, fashion, and performance.
Throughout her career, the costume designer for “Black Panther” has created visions of black identity, past and future.


Question: What is Accounting Day®?

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 What is Accounting Day®?

Accounting Day® – Promoting the Profession of Accounting & Finance.
Grow, connect, be in the know.
Accounting and Auditing (A&A) topics. For CPAs, it mirrors the A & A track for their licensing requirements. A section noted as Track A is designed to meet this requirement. Track A sessions are not limited to CPAs. All accountants may gain knowledge by attending.
Professional development topics (non-technical). Meets the CPE requirements for many companies, professional organizations, and licensing requirements, Please check with your CPE requirements to see if it qualifies.
Technology topics. Our goal is to present new and refreshing technology and how it helps you with your work and personal lives.
CFO topics and other higher level accounting and finance professionals. While the topics are deigned for a higher level any Accounting Day attendee can attend.
Fraud topics are designed to be of interest to internal auditors, CPAs, certified fraud examiners and those in companies who desired the additional knowledge. The material for the four hour session is designed to meet the Fraud CPE requirements for California CPAs.
Bringing top quality continuing education to accounting and finance professionals across a variety of industries.
When and what is Accounting Day®?
The first Accounting Day® in San Diego was believed to be held in 1972. This would have been organized by the San Diego Chapter of the California Society of CPA’s to interest young people in pursuing an accounting career. These early events were called “Accounting Career Days.” In 1976, other professional accounting and finance organizations were invited to participate and the event became known as “Accounting Day®”.
The date of the main Accounting Day® Live in San Diego is held on a Monday in May, so the date changes. This date has been used by some as the national or international Accounting Day date.
International Accounting Day is most commonly recognized on November 10th each year.
In the US, there is no official “National Accounting Day”, but many recognize “National Accounting Day” in May. Most of these are based on the different dates of past Accounting Day® Live events in San Diego. The most common of these is May 16th, which was started by our 2007 Accounting Day® Live event.
If you would like to recognize your Accountant for all the time and money they save you then we suggest you celebrate them on May 16th and November 10th.
Accounting Day® is here to help you with growing your career and business.
See more Accounting Day history.


Question: Sign the petition to close the KotakuInAction subreddit. Respond in 7 sentences.

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 Sign the petition to close the KotakuInAction subreddit. Respond in 7 sentences.

The KotakuInAction (KiA) subreddit is used as a base of operations for the hate group that calls themselves GamerGate. KiA is used to organize the abuse, harassment, dehumanization and demonization of women.
The actions of this hate group have gone well beyond the free speech protections of the site. By allowing this subreddit to continue operating you are enabling and condoning this abuse and harasment.
Reddit, stop providing this hate group a safe house and show your support for their victims by closing the KiA subreddit.
Reddit Woman needs your help with “Yishan Wong: Close the KotakuInAction subreddit”. Join Reddit and 9 supporters today.


Question: What do you know about Bjørn Lyng? Respond in 55 words.

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 What do you know about Bjørn Lyng? Respond in 55 words.

Bjørn Lyng (8 July 1925 – 12 October 2006) was a Norwegian businessman, investor and industrialist. He was the founder of Lyng Gruppen AS, a holding company with over twenty subsidiaries. He is also associated with his development of vacation resorts located in Arguineguín along the south coast of Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands.


Question: Respond in 37 words. What is Selles-sur-Cher cheese?

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 Respond in 37 words. What is Selles-sur-Cher cheese?

Selles-sur-Cher is a French goat-milk cheese made in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. Its name is derived from the commune of Selles-sur-Cher in the Loir-et-Cher department where it was first made in the 19th century.