Question: Why are there sudden changes of temperature when you’re walking near a running body of water?

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 Why are there sudden changes of temperature when you’re walking near a running body of water?

Evaporation takes away heat energy from the surroundings. So the water is sucking up energy, causing the surrounding temperature to fall. In a still body of water, the warm water rises to the top. This layer of warm water doesn't absorb that much heat before it evaporates. In a moving body of water, this layer gets mixed up, bringing cooler water up to the top, which can absorb more heat to evaporate. This is why the area near a moving body of water feels cooler than a still body of water.


Question: How do growth spurts actually work, and why does such a drastic jump in height/size not happen at any other point during human development?

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 How do growth spurts actually work, and why does such a drastic jump in height/size not happen at any other point during human development?

The surge in hormones during adolescence affects the brain as well as the body. In adolescence, growth spurts prepare people for reproduction, like by making female bodies better able to support a baby, etc. And male bodies stronger probably for evolutionary hunter purposes. Babies develop even faster for their first few years


Question: Why does something just smelling/tasting bad make some people physically sick, even though they haven't consumed any of the item in question?

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 Why does something just smelling/tasting bad make some people physically sick, even though they haven't consumed any of the item in question?

It is something called taste aversion. Basically, you have smelled something similar to the bad smelling thing in your past and it has done some sort of harm to your body, and your brain makes a copy of that smell so that your brain knows "If we smell/taste this again, get it away immediately!".


Question: How do investment firms work?

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 How do investment firms work?

Kinda, yeah. Buy low, sell high. Think of it as a house flipping show but for businesses. Buy out that old mom & pop restaurant, gut it, then remodel it to spec for a local restaurant group. There's a company in my town that's basically playing Monopoly. They're slowly buying up whole city blocks parcel by parcel near the rich part of town. $100k here for a gym, $1mil there for a jewelry store, say $5mil over the course of 6 years and they've got the whole block. When they take ownership, the businesses there aren't affected at all. They even keep their rent steady. But when the block is 100% owned by them, they turn around and sell it to a big time developer for $30mil so it can all be bulldozed and converted to a 20-story tower. It's a story straight out of a Muppet movie, except nobody's really that sad to see the area go. The better firms will have partnerships or relationships with construction and engineering companies to cut down on costs, or some form of specialization like buying EPA Biohazard sites. Ultimately, it's not far from flipping houses on HGTV but on the multi million dollar scale.


Question: Why do some states require you to reveal your identity when you win the lottery?

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 Why do some states require you to reveal your identity when you win the lottery?

It's to prove that it wasn't a scam. The lottery is generally regulated by the government to some capacity and so they want to ensure that it's transparent. If you didn't require to reveal the identity of the winner it would be very easy to see a situation where the governor's siblings all just happen to be the winners each time and no one would be able to find out. This was the case for McDonald's Monopoly game for many years when it first came out.


Question: What purpose do silent letters in words serve?

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 What purpose do silent letters in words serve?

Silent letters are often remnants from older versions of the language. How we pronounce letters and words change over time. Sometimes certain sounds require specific letter combinations that modify each other but over time the modified usage becomes the dominant sound and so the modifying letters effectively become silent. Sometimes we simply stop pronouncing a letter in a word for one reason or another. And sometimes when you are borrowing a word from another language you do not change the spelling but do change the pronunciation of it.


Question: How an adblock block the ads?

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 How an adblock block the ads?

All the ads come form pretty much the same handful of companies, so an adblock just needs to block access to those companies websites and that stops the ads from downloading, a blank box for the ads still remains, but since the code of the box is pretty recognizable, the adblock can remove that as well pretty easily


Question: how do random number generators work?

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 how do random number generators work?

It's not. It can only generate psuedo random numbers based on input it has. It may take the mouse input for example and use that to generate a number. Or use the time in milliseconds for example. It also means if you know the input and the algorithm you can predict the numbers.


Question: why is the perfect ratio of oxygen to hydrogen in rocket combustion 6:1 and not 8:1?

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 why is the perfect ratio of oxygen to hydrogen in rocket combustion 6:1 and not 8:1?

I understand why you think that, but the stoichiometric ratio is not the most important consideration when determining propellant and oxidizer ratios. Burning propellants is most efficient, in terms of heat produced per mass of propellant, at the stoichiometric ratio, which as you know is 8:1 for hydrogen and oxygen, but for a given amount of energy, the momentum is maximized by making the gas molecules as light as possible. which is why hydrolox engine ideally has a large excess of H2 molecules over H2O and other combustion products, meaning they need to run fuel-rich. It's different for every single engine, and sometimes varies per engine during the flight. For example, the RS-25, the Space Shuttle main engine, used a 6.03:1 propellant mixture ratio, the J2, which powered the 2nd and 3rd stages of the Saturn V used a 5.5:1 ratio that could be adjusted during flight, and the Vulcain 2, which power the Ariane 5, uses a 6.7:1.


Question: If a chimp of average intelligence is about as intelligent as your average 3 year old, what's the barrier keeping a truly exceptional chimp from being as bright as an average adult?

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 If a chimp of average intelligence is about as intelligent as your average 3 year old, what's the barrier keeping a truly exceptional chimp from being as bright as an average adult?

The human brain goes through some quite interesting milestones as it develops. To start off with it's basically identical to a mid-range animal brain - hence why babies are dumb as shit. Towards about age 4, it first develops an ability called Theory of Mind, which is a set of skills that allow it to understand that other creatures perceive the world differently to itself. This can be demonstrated quite well by [tests]( URL_1 ). Here, the child named Alfie is demonstrating theory of mind when he says that he thinks his mother will think the sun is a lion. A younger child would think that its mother would know it was a sun, because they do not have the theory of mind necessary to know that other people do not know the same things they know. Many animals don't have a complete theory of mind. Chimpanzees, however, [do]( URL_0 ), which is a big part of why some people say they're about as smart as a 3-4 year old. Theory of mind isn't a continuous effort though. For a long time, children have absolutely none of it, then over quite a short period of time, they gain the entire thing all at once. This is how developmental milestones all behave in humans, and these milestones have specific brain structures that cause them. So you have milestones like the ability to use symbols and the ability to do abstract thought, and those are steps rather than slopes as well. These steps act as basically caps on development. An animal that doesn't have the brain structures necessary for abstract thought will never gain them. You'll still have a range of intelligence within the species, but none will be able to overcome milestones they lack the structures for, so the smartest... salmon lets say, will never be smarter than a 3 year old because it won't develop a complete theory of mind. These steps aren't strictly ordered though. There's nothing in particular stopping an animal from having two milestones but missing the one that comes inbetween in humans. That does make it harder to compare to humans though. If an animal can do something an 11 year old human can do but can't do something a 3 year old human can do, what's the point of comparison for that? The other major difference between human brains and the brains of other animals is that we dedicate a *huge* amount of our brain power to language. This is the [cognitive tradeoff theory]( URL_2 ), the idea that language was such a huge advantage to us that our brains sacrificed cognitive power in other departments for the sake of becoming even better at communicating. This would mean though that even if all other aspects were the same, humans and chimpanzees would still have intelligences you can't directly compare, because it's kind of like comparing a submarine to an aeroplane - both have similar aspects like being made out of metal, but they're designed to do very different jobs. A plane would suck at diving and a submarine would suck at flying, but that's not a very useful comparison to make. Edit: I woke up to 159 notifications because of this post.


Question: What's the difference between a Roth Ira and a Traditional Ira? How do they work?

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 What's the difference between a Roth Ira and a Traditional Ira? How do they work?

In a Traditional IRA, the money you contribute is Pre-tax, that is you don't pay tax on it in the current year. In a Roth IRA, the money you contribute is Post-tax, that is you don't deduct it from your income in the present year. OTOH, when you start drawing money from a Traditional IRA, it is fully taxable, both principle and interest / gain. But it's likely you'll be at a lower rate, since you're retired. When you start drawing money from a Roth IRA, it's tax free, both the principle (on which you already paid tax) and the interest / gain (which you have not). For this reason, the Roth IRA is desirable if you have enough years for the IRA's gain to be a significant amount, since it remains tax-free, unlike the T-IRA.


Question: how do Android phones get slower over the years?

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 how do Android phones get slower over the years?

The phone do not get slower but is is the software that is updated and newer version in general have more feature and require higher performance/memory on the phone. New software and OS is designed to use You often add more and more software where som it it run in the background so the phone have more to do more. So use a some app to see what program is active in the background and uninstall them if you no longer use them or just disable them in the apps settings. This can have a hug effect as you free up both memory and cpu usage. Other reason is that your baseline of speed is different and you might compare to other faster phones. If the storage on the phone is full it might preformae slower so remove apps you do not use and put photos, videos etc on a computer and in the cloud. If you did a factory restore to the original software it would be as fast as when it was new but slow down when the software was updated. & #x200B; The thing that age in a phone is the battery and the capacity and max current drop over time. So it might be the case that the the phone cant run the CPU at as high frequency with a old battery especially if it is not fully charged. Apple have done it because som old phones they could shut down when the battery was at 40% but with the change the could use all power in the battery but at lower speed. It might be the case that some android phones does that do So old bad batteries might reduce the performance on a phone but I am not sure that any Android phone does that. It is the only change that would not fixed by a software.


Question: What does a a movie producer actually do for the movie?

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 What does a a movie producer actually do for the movie?

Typically EPs are ones that just put up money. Producers do a ton of work. They are the general managers of a film. They manage the budgets, all the stars, the director, organize everything on the set, ensure they stick to the production schedule, determine how to handle cost overruns, etc etc. If Da Vinci was a director then the producer would be the person who got him a studio, his supplies, his assistants, negotiated price for paintings, finding buyers, etc.


Question: How is it possible that Next Gen Graphics Engines can render billions of triangles, dynamic lighting, DOF etc at 60fps+ but making a single frame with similar settings in a 3D rendering program would take minute to hours to render?

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 How is it possible that Next Gen Graphics Engines can render billions of triangles, dynamic lighting, DOF etc at 60fps+ but making a single frame with similar settings in a 3D rendering program would take minute to hours to render?

Basically graphics engines take lots of shortcuts. When you're looking at a rough surface, is it really rough? Or is it just a texture of something rough. Far away objects are reduced in complexity, which you don't notice (because it's far away), but it's there. A proper 3D rendering program sends light from a light source, reflects it in all directions, and records what hits the camera, just like in real life. This is extremely time consuming and you're spending a lot of time tracing rays that, well, you never see.


Question: Why do white people exist?

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 Why do white people exist?

Because where white people went there wasn't any sun to burn. Caucasian skin formed in europe and northen asia, where the sun isn't shining at full power all year round. During winter it was very dark and the 'day' only lasts a handful of hours. Having lighter skin helps act against vitamin-D shortage, which is a benefit where you have fewer hours of sunlight to build up your D-vitamin banks.


Question: Why do we have to limit clock speed on processors?

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 Why do we have to limit clock speed on processors?

One problem is that circuits are really analog, even if we can normally treat them as digital. If you take something like an AND gate, we can normally just assume that its output will be on when both inputs are on, and off otherwise. But when the inputs change, it actually takes some fraction of a second for the output to switch to match the inputs. You can think of the clock as providing a delay after each change to let everything stabilise in the new state. At some point, the speed of light becomes the limiting factor, since changes can't propagate across the chip any faster than that. With a 1THz clock, there's only 1 picosecond between ticks, and no signal can travel further than 0.3mm in that time. If your CPU is 40mm across, that's going to be a big problem.


Question: If a bathroom is full of steam why does a towel not get saturated absorbing all the water in the air and can still dry someone off?

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 If a bathroom is full of steam why does a towel not get saturated absorbing all the water in the air and can still dry someone off?

Air that is saturated with water will hold onto that water until it cools down. So unless the towel is much cooler than the air, it's not going to significantly cool the air. Therefore, it's not going to create condensation on itself. Also, when water condenses, it gives off some heat, so what little condensation does occur will warm the air/towel ever so slightly, delaying any further condensation.


Question: Do people with perfect pitch actually hear themselves perfectly or do they have a different talent?

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 Do people with perfect pitch actually hear themselves perfectly or do they have a different talent?

Your voice sounding differently in recordings isn’t a change in pitch, but in timbre. When you sing, you don’t produce one single pure tone, but a complex series of overtones that gives each voice a slightly different sound. The difference between how you hear yourself and how a recording of you sounds is a change in which overtones you hear more than others. The pitch stays the same. This is why you will sometimes see people cover one ear while singing harmony, so they can better hear their own voice and keep it in tune.


Question: Why was our recent 'economic growth' just a bubble and not real growth of the economy?

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 Why was our recent 'economic growth' just a bubble and not real growth of the economy?

Shutting down all workplaces for a month will trigger a recession and massive economic losses, even if it took place in the greatest economic time period in history. No economy is designed to be able to withstand a month of shutdowns. To say it happened because it was a bubble is false.


Question: When a company gets bought out, how do they (the bought company) decide where the money goes?

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 When a company gets bought out, how do they (the bought company) decide where the money goes?

> Is it split among the owners? Shareholders? Those are the same thing. This is where the money goes; ownership is being bought so the people who have it are the ones who get paid for giving it up. > Employees? Hah! Not unless they own stock. > Used to pay off existing debt? Used to pay off employee redundancies? Nope, the company is now owned by the company that bought it out, including any debts they may owe.


Question: In music theory, what determines a chord's name?

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 In music theory, what determines a chord's name?

Short version : the distance in pitch between the individual notes in the chord. Long version: a chord is 3 notes or more played simultaneously. As you may already know, there are 7 "whole" notes: A B C D E F G. It's the distance between notes in that chord that give the chord its "name". About how we measure the distance in pitch in music: The distance in pitch between A and B for example is called a tone. Same between C and D, D and E,and so on. So, are all notes distant in pitch from the next one from a tone? Almost. B to C and E to F are only distant from a half-tone (yeah it can seem random but don't bother why for now, that's a different topic ;) So, for example, C is 2 tones away from E: - > C to D = 1 tone - > D to E = 1 tone == > C to E = 2 tones. A is only 1,5 tones away from C: - > A to B = 1 tone - > B to C = 0,5 tone (as mentioned above) == > A to C = 1,5 tone With this system, you can write in number the distance in pitch between any notes. We use a word for each of the possible distance between notes: it's called Intervals. That's where those major and minor stuff comes in play. From A, the second note is B. It's called a second. From A again, the third note is C. It's called a third, and so on ( fourth to D, fifth to F...) But wait, if I go from B to D, the half note thing is messing with our nice intervals, isn't it? Why should A to C (1,5tones difference) and C to E ( 2 tones difference) be called the same? They are clearly different to human ear!! C to E is a Major Third (2 tones distance) A to C is a minor Third (1,5 tones distance) That's why you call C-E-G a Major Chord (remember we need 3 notes to make a Chord) : it starts with a Major Third ( C to E). And A-C-E is a minor Chord : it starts with a minor Third (A to C are only 1,5 half-tone distant) And what about this third note? Well, its distance from the first one will also be indicated in the chord's name. If you have a 4 or 5 notes chord, same deal, it changes the chord's name. I will admit something though. I kinda lied. If you go half a tone ( also called half a step) higher than A, you get something that is also a note : A sharp. Half a tone below A is A flat. So you could say that there is really 12 notes in the western tonal music. I'll let you try and count - fun times. And just to mess with you: B sharp exists, C flat also, they are the same note on a piano but we sometime need to differentiate them. Told you, fun times. Hope it helps, don't hesitate to check for more info or PM me, I learned music in a different language so I might have made little mistakes!


Question: During, for example, the Crash of 1929, if everyone is selling their stocks, who buys them?

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 During, for example, the Crash of 1929, if everyone is selling their stocks, who buys them?

"So if everyone is selling their stocks, what happens when no one wants to buy?" thats exactly what happened. The value of a stock is determined by how much people are willing to pay for it and how many people are willing to sell at this price. since NO ONE wanted to buy the stocks, the value plumeted until people started to say "okay, at THIS extremely low price I will buy them"


Question: How come your glasses don't focus light and burn your cheek from the sun?

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 How come your glasses don't focus light and burn your cheek from the sun?

There are 2 general kinds of lens: those that spread light apart (diverging) and those that bend light together (converging). Nearsighted people wear diverging lens glasses, whike farsighted folks wear converging. So, for nearsighted folks, their glasses can't focus light to concentrate the sun's rays. The other folks, yes, if the lenses were strong enough, you could use them to fry ants. When wearing them, they focus light on your retina, not your cheek. Can you burn your retina? Absolutely. But your wink reflex normally makes you look away first.


Question: how do scientists know the Earth's core is liquid if no one has ever seen it or extracted a sample?

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 how do scientists know the Earth's core is liquid if no one has ever seen it or extracted a sample?

Earthquakes generate different kinds of seismic waves that behave differently when passing through different materials. Notable, one of the types of waves (S waves) don't pass through liquids. This creates a kind of "shadow" that tells us that part of the core is liquid. But the behavior of the other kind of waves (P waves) also tells us that there is something solid inside that liquid. Here is a picture for reference: [ URL_0 ]( URL_1 )


Question: What happens when somebody drinks themselves to death by drinking too much alcohol in a short period of time?

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 What happens when somebody drinks themselves to death by drinking too much alcohol in a short period of time?

Essentially, alcohol works as a depressant for neural activity. The alcohol molecule binds to receptors on your neurons and reduces the overall neural activity in different parts of your brain. This usually begins on the outermost regions of the brain, your prefrontal cortex, which is in charge of your logical, rational thinking and moves inwards. People die when there is so much alcohol blocking neural receptors that the brain can no longer send signals to even maintain basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate.


Question: What exactly is an abscess, and when/why does it need to be drained?

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 What exactly is an abscess, and when/why does it need to be drained?

Yes. Basically pus are dead cells. The body makes a capsule to isolate it from healthy cells. You must drain it as fast as possible cause if your immunity can't deal with it anymore, the bacteria can enter the bloodstream and cause a Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome then if it's untreated goes into sepsis with septic shock and death. There is a famous latin quote in medicine that all surgeon know "Ubi pus, ibi evacua" that means "where is pus, you must evacuate"


Question: Why are people hating on Apple for removing Fortnite?

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 Why are people hating on Apple for removing Fortnite?

People hate on Apple because Fortnite is a popular game and now people can't play it on their Iphone. Apple is free to do whatever they want with their apps store, the problem is that you can't install an apps on an Apple product unless it's by the apps store. This could be viewed as a monopoly and an unfair practice as people that choose the hardware from Apples (for example an IPhone) are pretty much at the mercy of what Apple decide to charge or what they accept or not on their apps store. People can't decide fuck apps store, I'm gonna get my apps another way, their only option would be to buy a new phone.


Question: Why do CT scans spin in circles? I just don’t understand why you need to go into a really loud scary tube rather than just getting a standard x-ray?

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 Why do CT scans spin in circles? I just don’t understand why you need to go into a really loud scary tube rather than just getting a standard x-ray?

If you take an x-ray you get a flat 2d image. Is the cloudiness inside the lung, or outside the lung? You can’t tell on a flat image. But if you spin the x-ray and take a shot from every angle, you can connect those shots together and get a 3D model instead of a flat photo. Now you can tell depth and see structures/features that you wouldn’t have been able to see on a flat picture. Think the difference between one photo vs a diorama.


Question: How do we determine room occupancy limits for a business, and are they accurate?

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 How do we determine room occupancy limits for a business, and are they accurate?

Usually room numbers are determined by zoning and the fire commission. They weigh factors like available draw of power to determine how many electronics can be safely used and available space. Also keeping exits clear and maintaining 36 inches of pathway between desks. At least that was the OSHA std 5 years ago. I doubt it’s changed much.


Question: What makes a ‘salad’ a salad?

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 What makes a ‘salad’ a salad?

Most salads are a mixture of bite-sized foods (you shouldn't really need a knife to eat it) served cold and with a dressing. The line between "dressing" and "sauce" is a little blurry, but the idea of a dressing is to coat each element of the salad, rather than being used for dipping or spreading on top. Unless otherwise specified, the main ingredients of a salad will be vegetables, especially lettuce.


Question: How did scientist find out about the planets in our solar system?

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 How did scientist find out about the planets in our solar system?

Most of the planets in our solar system were actually discovered hundreds of years ago because they can be seen with the naked eye. Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn can all be seen just by looking up at the stars and seeing which ones move. Our word planet actually comes from greek, meaning wanderer, because planets look like stars that change positions. The other two planets, Uranus and Neptune, were discovered by optical telescopes. There a lot of math you can do to figure out where these planets are by observing gravitational effects, but it really boils down to just watching the sky through a telescope. Astronomy is mostly just picking out a section of sky and recording everything you see for days on end. If something moves, then you've potentially found a new planet, asteroid, comet, or dwarf planet. Hundreds of years of these observations from all over the world has resulted in us cataloging thousands upon thousands of items in our own solar system.


Question: If charcoal is burned wood, how does it burn again in the BBQ?

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 If charcoal is burned wood, how does it burn again in the BBQ?

Charcoal is not simply burned wood, that would be ash. Charcoal is produced by heating wood without burning it, by taking away all the oxygen. This basically removes all the water and other elements from the wood, leaving only the carbon, which is the part of the wood that reacts with oxygen to produce the flame.


Question: Why do single taxpayers in the US have to pay more federal taxes than married taxpayers?

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 Why do single taxpayers in the US have to pay more federal taxes than married taxpayers?

The total income of the couple is treated approximately as if it was split between the two members of the married couple rather than by one person, which results in a lower tax burden. It would still be slightly better if it was actually split between the two people, so if both members of a married couple make the same amount, it may actually be disadvantageous to file jointly, but in cases where one spouse is primarily supporting the other, the government treats it as two people each earning a smaller income, rather than the larger income that is supporting a single person.


Question: Why are pills 💊 multi colored? Why not just have the entire pill be like one color?

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 Why are pills 💊 multi colored? Why not just have the entire pill be like one color?

Pills/capsules have to be different from other prescriptions so they can be identified if separated from packaging, even if it just means having a slightly different imprint on otherwise identical pills, the multi coloring is just one way different prescriptions can vary. Not a good explanation but I hope it helps


Question: How does radiation work in killing you?

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 How does radiation work in killing you?

A "radioactive" material emits a few types of radiation. 1) Alpha radiation - Very weak, doesn't penetrate skin or clothes. However, if you ingest it, it has a clear shot to your cells. 2) Beta radiation - Stronger, can penetrate further into the body. 3) Gamma radiation - basically the same as X-rays. Strongest of the bunch. & #x200B; In low levels or with weak types of radiation, the damage just causes a few cells to die off. you may or may not get cancer in 20 years from the DNA damage. In higher levels, the radiation causes many many cells to die very quickly. Different parts of your body are affected differently depending on the amount of radiation you get and where you get it.


Question: Why do the inside of your ears get sweaty and itchy if you have earbuds in after a while?

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 Why do the inside of your ears get sweaty and itchy if you have earbuds in after a while?

Your ears, nose, and throat are all connected. Earbuds plug your ears, so your normally open ear canal is now closed. It then gets warm in there like a room on a summer day, causing the skin inside your ear to sweat in an attempt to cool down. Not sure why it gets itchy. Hope this helps.


Question: What are shepherd tones ?

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 What are shepherd tones ?

Shepard tone: sound loop made by a series of multiple sine waves rising one after another, eventually one of them reaches a point where it drops an octave, leaving the others to continue rising, they then follow the same pattern (drop an octave, rise again), creating the illusion of a never ending pitch increase. Pretty neat trick.


Question: Did people during The Medieval Ages know about ancient Greeks,Romans?

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 Did people during The Medieval Ages know about ancient Greeks,Romans?

Well, "sure" is a matter of degree. Scholars can read ancient languages, in fact there are [textbooks for Egyptian hieroglyphics]( URL_0 ). We can read events, and then try to match those events to celestial events like comets for which the exact timing can be calculated through physics. History is a rich and complex field of study and we've been serious about it for thousands of years.


Question: Why do we call 3D functions "vector functions" and call its output "a set of vectors"?

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 Why do we call 3D functions "vector functions" and call its output "a set of vectors"?

Not really. However you think about it, you've got a function of 3 variables that returns a 3-variable output: [u,v,w] = F(x,y,z) In some applications (for example, mapping), interpreting the output as a set of new points in space is appropriate. But for many applications, it's not. For instance, [u,v,w] could be the components of wind velocity at every [x,y,z] point in the atmosphere, or the components of the gravitational acceleration at every point near the Earth. In these cases, the output is best thought of as a little vector "arrow" at each point in space.


Question: What is the line between the first amendment and hate crimes?

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 What is the line between the first amendment and hate crimes?

The actually acting on it part. If you are wondering about the line between freedom of speech and hate speech then that is a little harder. Freedom of speech mostly just covers the governments inability to arrest you for opinions. You can be arrested for speech/media that includes inciting violence, defamation, perjury, child pornography, incitement to illegal action, true threats, soliciting crimes... All sorts of stuff. Hate speech can fall under almost any of those. Free speech just means the government can’t arrest you for complaining about the government.


Question: why do blow dryers consume so much power?

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 why do blow dryers consume so much power?

We generally don't realize how much energy it takes to generate heat. Our electronics are so efficient that they use far less energy than is created by, say, a large candle. My entire gaming computer only produces maybe 200 watts, or 6 tea candles' worth of heat. That's really not a lot. A blowdryer, meanwhile, is more like 56 tea candles. It is making the air quite hot, and moving a *lot* of that air.


Question: Which of the two types of weapons, chemical and biological, is more lethal and effective in the long run?

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 Which of the two types of weapons, chemical and biological, is more lethal and effective in the long run?

Biological weapons are more lethal over time because they (hypothetically) self-replicate. Chemical weapons degrade over time, but their biological counterparts can inoculate new victims and remain in dormant forms in the soil long enough for unprotected fools to catch it again. Fundamentaly both chemical and biological weapons require quarantine in the targeted area, but biological weapons can be carried by hosts over other areas. However, biological weapons *can* be fought by the immune system (assuming the perpetrators didn't cook up abominations like ebolaids), while chemical weapons cripple extremely vital biomolecular processes in the body, leading to organ shutdown and death. Overall, chemical weapons are deadlier in the short run.


Question: How exactly do you get code onto other pieces of tech?

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 How exactly do you get code onto other pieces of tech?

You generally need to cross compile code for the target machine if using a language like C/C++. A cross compiler creates executable code for a platform other than the one on which the compiler is running. (Using a language like Java, you would not need to do this as long as the target you are running the code on has a JVM. But note that Java is usually used only for higher level software like applications) Once you have the code, you need to upload the code on the target device. The device you want to run the code on will usually have a startup function or program that initializes and spawns threads for many other programs. You could then call the start of your program from that main function. There are obviously many steps in between and after that you might need to take care of. For instance, if your program uses the camera, you might need to ensure that while startup the camera driver is initialized and your API is linked and compatible with the drivers interface. You might have to use code that the specific OS recognizes like timers, sleep, threads etc.


Question: Why is radiation harmful to us?

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 Why is radiation harmful to us?

Radiation takes three main forms. Alpha, beta, and light (uv up to gamma). These are helium nucleus, electrons, and photons respectively. Effectively a radio active isotope or fusion reaction will emit these and then as they fly through space they can kick electrons off molecules or even make whole atoms unstable. If this happens to DNA it will cause damage. Your body can’t repair all of it so it will accumulate and cause cancer. Your body mostly fixes it by killing all the damaged cells. This is why you get sun burns. Sun burns are mild radiation damage. If you get too much as a time you get organ failure as the cells of your organs die off to the point of them no longer being able to work. This is radiation poisoning.


Question: How are we still able to communicate with Voyager 1 and 2 so far away?

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 How are we still able to communicate with Voyager 1 and 2 so far away?

> How do V 1-2 find the exact location to send the signal to in this vast universe? A dumb down explanation. Think of a flashlight and how it illuminates larger areas with distance. So further away you are, more area that light covers. At this point V 1 & 2 are so far out they don't need to know earth's exact location, they just need to find the sun and point at it. Should the earth be a little left, a little right, dead center or is the earth behind the sun is all either two need to know. And, like others have already said, you can orientate by looking at other stars (yes V1 & 2 have gyroscopes). Now the real question is just how bright is that flashlight and how good of an eye on earth does it take to see it because that flashlight now illuminates an area billions of square miles. > How is the signal not getting trashed by meteors etc? Distances. You don't rely on one person to receive that signal. You use many stations spread it out over the globe and in orbit if you can. Then hope and pray one of them can see it.


Question: why do some cheeses melt, while others don't?

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 why do some cheeses melt, while others don't?

ABoss has the correct answer for processed cheeses. For the rest of the "real" cheeses, I think it largely depends on the fat content of the cheese, which liquefies under heat. It's pretty easy to apply too much heat though, which typically causes these fats to break the emulsion and separate from the rest of the cheese's solids rather than "melt", which is why processed cheeses have added emulsifiers to preserve the melty gooey texture we all know and enjoy in our grilled cheese sandwiches.


Question: How Does E. Coli Become a Widespread Problem Through Romaine Lettuce?

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 How Does E. Coli Become a Widespread Problem Through Romaine Lettuce?

Lettuce isn't becoming infected with E. coli, they are not disease carriers in that sense. Instead the fields were likely contaminated by material which carry the bacteria, such as runoff from cattle farms or contaminated irrigation water. The bacteria then sits on the surface of the lettuce and can make people sick who eat it. Normal washing won't completely remove it so there isn't a practical method of making the tainted lettuce good again. Also the contamination likely happened over a large amount of lettuce at once, like an entire field being sprayed with water containing the E. coli instead of just one leaf.


Question: With gold prices relatively much higher now than in the past compared to the cost of living, why are there very few individual gold panning/mining operations in e.g. California like the gold rush in the past?

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 With gold prices relatively much higher now than in the past compared to the cost of living, why are there very few individual gold panning/mining operations in e.g. California like the gold rush in the past?

Because humans have been extracting gold from the crust of the Earth for a very long time. That doesn't mean it is all gone, but it does mean that what is left is the stuff that was hardest to get to. Since it is harder to get to, on average it costs a good deal more per ounce to mine it. So unless a site is particularly rich in gold, it isn't really worthwhile.


Question: Where does the electricity come from with a hand cranked flashlight?

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 Where does the electricity come from with a hand cranked flashlight?

Electricity comes from a coil of wire. Turning the crank spins a magnet and the spinning magnetic field induces an electrical current in the wire, which flows into a battery/capacitor/lamp, depending on the design. The photons† are generated when atoms transition back to their resting state from an excited state. They may be excited by making them very hot, as a filament in a bulb does, or with a direct electric current as an LED does. In either case, the photons are produced by the electricity, even though there are several mechanisms available. † Arggh, typo.


Question: Why do businesses have promotions that are FREE and you only pay for shipping? What do they gain from this?

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 Why do businesses have promotions that are FREE and you only pay for shipping? What do they gain from this?

1) Free samples to attract future business. You ask for SuperSoaper2000 and maybe you'll buy it in the future. Same thing as giving out food samples in the grocery stores. 2) It's "Shipping and handling" not shipping. And handling is whatever they say it is, which often includes the regular cost of the product. But you still think you got something for 'free', even if you paid 10$ S & H for something you could have got for 3$ in the store. 2.5) Scamming a 3rd party out of commissions - Ebay had to start charging commissions on S & H because people were selling their goods for 1 cent and charging the price of the goods in handling, denying Ebay it's cut. 3) Hidden subscriptions. These are borderline scams, but legal so very common. You'll sign up for a cheap delivery of WeightLossMagic and a subscription to purchase WeightLossMagic every month for 20 years regular price, 'cancel anytime'. But a lot of people won't read the fine print, or will forget to cancel, or the cancel phone line will keep you on the phone for 2 hours then hang up on you - the latter is illegal but can pay the bills for years before anyone goes to jail. 4) Loss leaders for some other kind of profitable lotto. Customer sweepstakes has been doing this 1mil lotto for decades - they send you a mail telling you you'll get entered to a sweepstakes 10 times for every magazine subscription you purchase. Or you can (legal requirement) send them a handwritten letter for every entry you want to make to their sweepstakes (no one has ever won that way, they probably all end up in the trash can). But of course your chances of winning are minuscule and those magazines are expensive and auto-renew. So, basically, they are all scams. -edit- cleaned it up. I'm lazy so there's a 2.5