Question: Why do older PC games require to put Disc 2 on your PC while playing?

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 Why do older PC games require to put Disc 2 on your PC while playing?

Because older games would not fit on a single disc, and when you installed games you didn't install everything, some stuff remained on discs - both for performance's sake, and as an extra drm-like measure. When you are asked to put disc 2, its because you finished part of the game contained on disc 1, and it needs access to data from disc 2.


Question: How come things emit light when hot? (ie. Lightbulbs, Fire, Etc.)

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 How come things emit light when hot? (ie. Lightbulbs, Fire, Etc.)

When stuff gets hot, all of the atoms that make up the stuff start moving around and vibrating faster as the temperature increases. This is a result of the stuff having more energy contained within it. When the atoms in the material start vibrating faster, the electrons in the atoms that make up the material also move and vibrate faster. When electrons vibrate faster and faster, they have more and more energy than they really want. Eventually, the extra energy in the vibrating electrons is given off as photons of light. The hotter the stuff that's being burned or heated, the more vibrations and energy that is provided to the electrons and the more energetic the photons that are given off by the stuff that's being heated. The photons given off by the stuff are what make up the light emitted by hot materials like a fire or a very hot filament in a incandescent lightbulb.


Question: why is there a limit on recycling at certain stores?

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 why is there a limit on recycling at certain stores?

It's not just the image, you don't want your store to become a giant homeless hangout with you staff spending more of their time dealing with canners than with paying customers. You also don't want your paying customers to get stuck waiting in line for 45 minutes behind people with thousands of cans.


Question: - What’s the reason behind having Congress read the 628-page document aloud?

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 - What’s the reason behind having Congress read the 628-page document aloud?

The GOP is trying to slow down passage of the bill so it doesn’t pass until after March 14, because that’s the date when unemployment insurance programs from the previous COVID relief bills expire and many millions of people will come off unemployment assistance provided by the last bill, causing economic havoc and widespread suffering under Biden’s watch. One step is they can force the bill to be read out loud, sucking up about a day of time. That’s the point of this. It’s an intentional slow down. That’s all there is to it. They have also stated they plan to continuously offer amendments that need to be voted on, non stop, as another delaying method after they finish reading the bill.


Question: Why do our brains get “tired” when listening to a song on repeat?

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 Why do our brains get “tired” when listening to a song on repeat?

When you first experience something, you are curious and engaged with it because it's new and unknown. Then, after experiencing it several times, you start to learn how it goes, so it's no longer new or surprising. You start to notice the repetitive patterns in it. Your brain is great at simplifying things and processing them so that you don't have to pay attention to them more than necessary. This is so that you can focus on what's important. The sound of an engine or an air conditioner is something you can easily get used to as your brain tunes it out, so you can focus on what's important. While music is more complex, your brain will also tune it out eventually, but it takes more time to learn its patterns. Once you've gotten used to it, it will feel more like background noise rather than something that you can focus on. But to achieve this, your brain has to do a lot of processing, which can make you tired, even though it happens unconsciously in the background.


Question: Whats the difference between a Gas Giant planets and a tiny sun?

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 Whats the difference between a Gas Giant planets and a tiny sun?

The difference is there is fusion in the core of them. A gas giant have not fusion and a main sequence star have hydrogen1 fusion. There is also Brown dwarf in between the have some fusion but not hydrogen1 You need enough pressure and temperature in the core for fusion to start. That depend on the mass of the object so is is the mass that determine if it become a gas gigant a brown dwarf or a main sequence star. If you had approximate 13 Jupiter and put them together they would form become a brown dwarf and if you had 80 they become a star. So is is if fission happen that is important but that directly depend on there size A gas gigant can have a size to 13x Jupiter and there is not fusion in them. Jupiter have a mass of 1/1047 of the sun so \~0.1% Then you get a brown dwarf with a mass off approximate 13 juptiers to 75-80 Jupiter that is nor really a planet or a star but something in between. They have enough mass to fusion Deuterium(hydrogen2) and litium7 but not Hydrogen1. & #x200B; They you have a red dwarfs that start at 75-80 Jupiter masses or 0.074-0,08 solar masses and they stop at about 0.5 solar masses. The have fusion of Hydrogen1 but are a lot colder on the surface then our sun and we can see any of them with a naked eye on the sky


Question: How Is Math A Universal Language?

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 How Is Math A Universal Language?

Math is truly a universal language in the sense that if you were to be teleported to some random place in the universe, math would work exactly the same. 1+1 equals 2 literally wherever you are. Likewise, if an alien visited Earth, we could exchange complicated mathematical concepts no problem, as math is the same everywhere. Even though we might not have thought about it a certain way, that does not stop it from being true. If math were not a universal language, then we would be in trouble because everything around us would break down randomly, with no way to predict anything at all.


Question: Where and how does a country get its money to pay off their debt or pay its citizens?

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 Where and how does a country get its money to pay off their debt or pay its citizens?

First of all, you should start by recognizing that money is not real physical stuff. It can be created out of thin air. The US government gets money mainly in two ways; by taxing people, and by borrowing it. The US government shutdowns aren't because they can't get the money. They're because they can't agree on how to spend it. When they tax people that's pre-existing money that's coming back to them. When they borrow money however, some of it is pre-existing money from people buying their bonds (lending money to the government). But some of it is new money created out of thin air, "printed" by The Fed which buys government bonds (indirectly).


Question: Why do stainless steel water bottles develop a soapy taste after washing them with soap, no matter how much you rinse them?

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 Why do stainless steel water bottles develop a soapy taste after washing them with soap, no matter how much you rinse them?

I had to change to a ceramic travel mug for my coffee because I found that I could taste the stainless steel. Before I did this one thing that sort of worked was to rinse it out with 50-50 vinegar-water solution after washing (and then rinse well to make sure the vinegar is rinsed away). It works for a few days and then needs to be done again.


Question: Why does the flame of a candle go up?

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 Why does the flame of a candle go up?

The flame of a candle is about 1200 F. Hot air rises because it is less dense so this pulls the flame upward. Fun Fact: There have been experiments conducted on the space station testing flames in microgravity. Since there isn't really an "up" without gravity, the candle flame spreads out in all directions and eventually starves itself of oxygen. [image]( URL_0 )


Question: How does caloric surplus/deficiency balance over a longer period of time in terms of weight gain?

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 How does caloric surplus/deficiency balance over a longer period of time in terms of weight gain?

> If I ate 2800 on the sixth day, am I even? Pretty much. > If I eat, say, 5000 calories over four days, do I gain weight then immediately Pretty quickly, but it depends on your definition of "immediately" see below > I guess my question is how quickly does your body respond to extreme deficits/surpluses in terms of weight gain i.e. when the diet isn't change long-term to allow for slow weight loss/gain Let's talk about it in terms of physiology. You swallow Ice Cream. Moments later, the Ice Cream is being chemically and physically digested into your stomach. Within 4-20 hours (depending on fat/protein content of the meal), the Ice Cream has made its way out of your stomach into your small intestine. Small intestine absorbs the glucose/fat from the Ice cream , raising your blood sugar. Your Pancreas notices this increase and releases Insulin. Insulin cause cells (especially Fat (adipose) cells and liver cells but really most cells) to uptake that sugar. Fat cells convert that sugar into Lipids (fat) via metabolic processes. Therefore the complete process of Eating Ice cream - > being fat takes days to weeks > surely more extreme or rapid changes in caloric intake would affect the body differently than a normal Yes. Let's talk about a 0 calorie diet. In the first 0-8 hours you have enough glycogen stores in your liver to last you. This is an easily mobilized form of sugar. However, if you starve for 8+ hours, your body depletes the Liver glycogen stores entirely. Now your body has to break down fat stores via a hormone called Glucagon. This breaks down all tissues, including Fats and muscles. This is generally why people who are Strength Training don't do "crash diets" to lose the weight after they bulk. Slow dieting (500 calorie decrease from your total daily energy expenditure) maintains more muscle mass.


Question: why do things like colored balloons and stained glass have colored shadows?

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 why do things like colored balloons and stained glass have colored shadows?

They act as filters. The reason they appear colored is because they're only letting through light of that wavelength(s). Translucent objects still cast shadows. They're just not as dark as shadows from opaque objects. So the only light that gets through < color > stained glass is < color > . If < color > light hits a surface that reflects < color > (like white paint), then you'll see < color > in the shadow.


Question: How come yellow highlighter doesn't show up on paper when you photocopy it?

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 How come yellow highlighter doesn't show up on paper when you photocopy it?

It's just a matter of contrast. Most copy machines only print black and white; they can't even produce gray except with dithering. So every color on the page has to be converted to either black or white. Yellow is very close to white, so it disappears. Red is sort of a half-dark color, so in some areas it turns to black and in some areas it turns to white, and you get huge blotches all over your copy, obscuring the text. If you have a more modern scanner/copier with a grayscale option (it can produce 256 different shades of gray), then the problem isn't quite as bad. Yellow will still probably be invisible, because it's still very close to white. But your red might actually show up as a nice gray, and leave the document readable. And, of course, if you have a full color copier, everything will come through perfectly. I scan color stuff all the time at work. You can play with this effect a bit if you have a photo editing program like Photoshop, GIMP, or URL_0 . Pull in an image with a lot of red or bright yellow, and experiment with the desaturate/grayscale and the black and white options, and see what different colors turn into.


Question: - Why if we have immune cells specifically made to find and kill cancer cells, we can die of cancer?

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 - Why if we have immune cells specifically made to find and kill cancer cells, we can die of cancer?

There is so much misinformation in this thread. /u/fraid_so has the right idea, god bless anime. Cancer *does not* outgrow your ability to kill it unless you're massively immunocompromised due to some other condition. What cancer does do is *evade detection* by immune cells. Regulatory T cells can prevent cytotoxic T cells from killing them. The tumor itself can display regulatory molecules like PDL-1 and CTLA-4 that act as "you're not allowed to kill me" flags. Cells around the tumor can also contribute to this tumor microenvironment by releasing compounds that discourage immune cells from taking action against the tumor. It's very complicated. But not having enough killing ability in your immune system is not the problem. It's about correctly orchestrating that. Cancer thrives on miscommunication between elements of the immune system that are normally very helpful in not making you explode into a dozen autoimmune diseases every other week. Source: MSc immunology


Question: Why does a credit score go down just for checking it?

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 Why does a credit score go down just for checking it?

Hard pulls, when lenders are checking a credit history in order to judge a person's credit worthiness, are a negative signal for a user's credit, indicating an interest in obtaining more credit. A user seeking credit from multiple sources is seen as potential risk or is being denied credit, and therefore a credit score may be lowered. Soft pulls, when a lender is using a credit history to generate pre-approved offers, background checks, or a person checking their own history, usually do not show up on reports and have no effect on perceived risk.


Question: Why is it essential that the US is included in the Iran deal?

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 Why is it essential that the US is included in the Iran deal?

Because the US is the world's largest economy and it penalizes all companies that deal with Iran in any way, directly or indirectly, so no one wants that hanging over their head. It's an economic war with Israel and KSA/Sunni muslims trying to destroy Iran's economy and asking for the US to back their side


Question: Why do different caffeinated drinks affect people differently? Aren't they all caffeine?

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 Why do different caffeinated drinks affect people differently? Aren't they all caffeine?

Other compounds in the drinks are probably affecting your experience. Coffee is bitter and has a wildly different taste compared to the dryness of tea or the sugar-loaded artificial taste of an energy drink. Also, there could be different amounts of caffeine in each drink, too. Tea usually ends up having less caffeine unless it's steeped for a longer time, etc.


Question: Why do we feel a small vibration when a large truck or bus barrels past us in the opposite direction when we are driving in our cars?

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</answer>
 Why do we feel a small vibration when a large truck or bus barrels past us in the opposite direction when we are driving in our cars?

When you move on earth, you push air out of the way to get to where you are going. The bigger the object, the more air needs to be pushed out of the way. The faster that object is going, the faster the air is pushed. So when a large vehicle, such as a truck or a bus, passes you going the opposite direction, the air they are pushing out of their way gets in your way and you have to push through air moving towards you as opposed to just the stationary air you normally push through. This extra air pressure you can feel as a vibration or a gust of wind.


Question: Why do you die almost instantly when the level of CO2 in the air is above 10%?

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 Why do you die almost instantly when the level of CO2 in the air is above 10%?

The red blood cells serve the purpose of transporting O2 from the lungs to where it's needed, and transporting waste CO2 from where it's produced to the lungs. The mechanism is simple: It'll grab hold of dissolved oxygen or CO2 if there is much of it, and release it when there's little. Since there's a lot of oxygen and little CO2 in the lungs, it will release bound CO2 and grab oxygen. Now if there's a lot of CO2 in the air, instead of picking up oxygen in the lungs, many red blood cells will pick up CO2. This will massively reduce the amount of O2 you can breathe, which by itself is already dangerous. On top of that, the dissolved CO2 will make the blood acidic, which is dangerous because many functions of the body rely on the pH of the blood to be slightly basic. On top of all that, CO2 is usually not just added to the air, it's produced by burning oxygen. So the 10% CO2 air also has only 10% oxygen, half as much as air normally has. However, you're not going to die almost instantly. You will however quickly pass out and die if you keep breathing that air.


Question: Genetically speaking, am I more closely related to my individual parents, or one of my siblings, excluding identical twins?

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 Genetically speaking, am I more closely related to my individual parents, or one of my siblings, excluding identical twins?

Your parents. You have a mix of 50% dad dna and 50% mom dna. But the genes you take from your mom and the genes you take form your dad are random. So your sibling is also 50% mom and 50% dad, but it might be a different mix of genes. This is why siblings can have different hair colors, eyes colors, and in general look really different and be really different.


Question: Where is the internet stored? If all computers were destroyed would we be able to get back to our same internet?

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 Where is the internet stored? If all computers were destroyed would we be able to get back to our same internet?

If you destroyed all the pizza restaurants, who would you call to order a pizza? That's basically what you're asking. "The Internet" is just the connections between all the computers, it doesn't store anything or provide any services *other than* letting computers talk. Now, a lot of people say "the internet" when they mean "all the resources & information accessible via the internet" but that's not technically correct.


Question: - How are we able to decipher text from letters so quickly? for example I saw a insta post with . and was able to figure it out first try

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 - How are we able to decipher text from letters so quickly? for example I saw a insta post with . and was able to figure it out first try

It has to do with how your brain processes words and sentences at all; a similar phenomenon occurs by removing or jumbling the middle letters of every word in a sentence - all your brain needs is the first and last letters in the right spots to decipher the word extremely easily, in most cases. TL;DR, your brain is very, VERY good at puzzle solving and pattern recognition.


Question: What is wet bulb temperature?

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 What is wet bulb temperature?

For water to evaporate it requires heat energy. When heat energy moves to the water, it lowers the temperature of the surrounding objects (this is why wet clothing feels cold, or why alcohol rubbed on your skin feels cold). A wet bulb is a thermometer that has a wet cloth wrapped around it (the cloth wicks water from a reservoir, allowing water to constantly evaporate and chill it. They're used to measure the wind chill (which is reported as a "feels like" temperature in cooler weather).


Question: Why do sometimes when we download or install a program it get stuck or an error occurs on 98% or 99%?

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 Why do sometimes when we download or install a program it get stuck or an error occurs on 98% or 99%?

For downloads getting stuck: those progress bars are estimates based on your connection speed and the file size; if your connection speed drops, it could hang up for a bit at the end, or if the estimate was just way off, or that particular server is slow. For installers, often times at the end of the installer it will run a verification step to make sure everything got put in the right place, and if it didn't (and can't do so if it tries again, sometimes), it will roll back the install. It can also be that there's a bottleneck on your hard drive's write speed, due to either low speed drives or bad fragmentation on the disk causing files to be written over larger sectors and making more work for the drive. A brief history of loading bars: Early installers just did everything in the background because that's objectively faster: the computer has to dedicate some non-zero amount of processing power to update that bar. But users, seeing the screen stop responding, would think the computer had crashed and reboot in the middle of an install. This usually leaves a mess behind with a half-installed piece of software and the system in a less-than-ideally-stable state as it was prepared to update some things in the system during the install and couldn't finish. So to combat this, installers added in a graphical representation mostly to show that the computer was doing something. The time feature was an interesting idea, but like most things that predict the future, surprise interruptions manage to mess that prediction up pretty badly. **TL;DR: the best use of a progress bar is to look for movement to be sure your computer hasn't frozen, don't take the numbers as gospel.**


Question: How do “rules” work during a war?

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 How do “rules” work during a war?

The International Criminal Court in the Hague. This is an offshoot of the UN and has its roots in the Nuremberg trials after World War 2. After we won the war, we put Nazis accused of war crimes on trial at Nuremberg. Those that were convicted were sentenced to imprisonment or death. In theory, that's precisely what the ICC would do. In practice, however, it's somewhat moot, partly because the US will never allows our own people to be tried there no matter what they did and the US has enough power to make it impossible to enforce things upon us, and partly because the modern paradigm of "war" is against unrecognized groups that don't qualify, from the US's viewpoint, for Geneva protections and instead are tried here or held indefinitely in our prisons, and no one but us seems to be going around capturing people in battle, so there's very little for the ICC to do. They did prosecute war criminals from the Balkan wars in the 1990s, though.


Question: What determines your alertness when you wake from sleep?

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 What determines your alertness when you wake from sleep?

Several factors affect how you feel after you get up: - Your sleep cycle: if you wake up in the middle of a REM cycle, you feel more tired. - Your hydration level: if you drank heavily the night before, you will wake up dehydrated and feeling dizzy. - Your circadian rhythm: if there's sudden change in your biological clock, you will feel out of whack. Also called jet lag. - Your sleep quality. If you keep getting woken through the night either due to noise, light, or movement, you won't be fully rested upon wake. How deeply you sleep is also affected by anxiety or stress levels.


Question: Do volcanic eruptions really bring rare metals and gemstones to the surface?

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 Do volcanic eruptions really bring rare metals and gemstones to the surface?

Yes but much slower than you anticipated I guess. It's more likely to find gems in land that is dominated by vulcanoes for millions of years, so that the land itself is made from vulcanic rock types. A single eruption doesn't do much. It's owned by whoever has the mining rights for the Region.


Question: Why must I completely shut my patchy Wi-Fi off in order for my mediocre data to kick in? Would it not be possible for them work hand in hand like super hero and sidekick to provide the fastest possible connection always? And can they not together make a stronger connection than either alone?

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 Why must I completely shut my patchy Wi-Fi off in order for my mediocre data to kick in? Would it not be possible for them work hand in hand like super hero and sidekick to provide the fastest possible connection always? And can they not together make a stronger connection than either alone?

Basically what happens is that Mr Wi-Fi is told to deliver a bunch of packages to your house. He delivers some of them but on one of the trips a bad guy distracts him and now he can't deliver the packages. Command center doesn't know that until suddenly they can't contact Mr Wi-Fi anymore! Now they have to finish the delivery, but they forgot what already made it to your house. It's Data Boy to the rescue! Data Boy lives on the other side of town and has to find a new way to bring you what you need. He goes to a new warehouse nearer to his house to get you everything, since Command Center forgot what they gave you. Anyways my point is; since Mr Wi-Fi and Data Boy don't start from the same place, and they can't communicate, Data Boy has to start from scratch to give you the package. . Edit: Gold! Thank you kind stranger. Edit2: a lot of people are asking why you can't have them work together. I did some digging on Google and it's time to ELI5! So as I understand it, the way it works right now is that Command Center is working hard to send things to everybody, but this is hard because they have itty bitty roads. Not only are these tiny roads, they are also tough to walk on! So right now only one hero at a time on a tiny road. Very smart people are making a nice highway so heroes and side kicks can work together, but that is very hard and they are still figuring put how to build it. Also, the highway will be easy to walk on, so normal people can walk on it too! Until we have the highway, we have to be good kids and wait for the heroes to send the packages. Source: URL_0


Question: How did early scientists determine the difference between elements and compounds?

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 How did early scientists determine the difference between elements and compounds?

Try everything they could think of break it down, and see if any of them worked. Then, describe how they got the proposed element (and what they did to try to break it down) to all their chemistry friends, and also their chemistry enemies, and see if those people could break it down. For example, you could heat it under oxidizing conditions. If it reacted and got lighter (being careful that none could have escaped as a gas), then it couldn't have been a pure element to start with. If it didn't react, or reacted but got heavier, then maybe it is an element. Then do the same under reducing conditions, and acidic, and basic. Yes, they made mistakes. > way back whenever the first versions of the periodic table were being made Most of the elements were discovered **before** the modern-ish periodic table was first conceived. The periodic table was first created as a way to organize the already-known elements, not as a way to guide their discovery (although it did do that, to some extent).


Question: What’s the difference between an Ira, Roth IRA and IRA roll over?

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 What’s the difference between an Ira, Roth IRA and IRA roll over?

Super high-level explanation, but there are things like contribution limits, income restrictions, etc. that are also different for each scenario and change each year or so. & nbsp; Traditional IRA = You pay tax when you withdraw funds, typically in retirement & nbsp; Roth IRA = You pay tax now on funds added / funds added after they've been taxed & nbsp; Rollover = Typically a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA where you pay taxes on the traditional IRA amount and do not have to pay taxes when the funds are withdrawn


Question: how does blue light glasses stop people from getting migraines from screens?

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 how does blue light glasses stop people from getting migraines from screens?

eye doc here. to my knowledge, they do not. Blue light has been proven to be bad for your eyes in high concentration (can contribute to macular degeneration). It also messes with your sleep cycle. This is probably just false advertising. By the way, turning down the amount of blue from your screens does the same thing.


Question: . How does a garbage bag manage to keep such a wide range of strong and vile stinks contained?

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 . How does a garbage bag manage to keep such a wide range of strong and vile stinks contained?

I worked in a Blown Film Extrusion factory for about 9 years and we used to make a great amount of different type of trash bags. Every thing from little office can liners up to the big 55gal contractor bags. How the average house hold garbage bag fights odor is mostly a combination of 2 plastics blended into the material that make up the inside layer and the outside layer. There is a masking scent blended into the outside layer (we used a lemon or a pina colada type scented resin) and an odor absorber/filler type resin on the inside layer to help keep the stink inside the bag. If you are still curious about how it all comes together, pm me and I can run you through the whole process from resin pellets to finished trash bags. Edit: Wow.. this got big. lol. So you guys want a basic ELI5 rundown of how a bag is made? Okidoke. Sorry about formatting, I'm a lurker most of the time. * You start with your raw mats. This, for the plant I worked in, was a small batch of large cardboard gaylords (think tubs about the size of a hot tub) filled with different polymer resins. * Next, the desired blend of materials is fed into the extruders (heated, pressurized screws that churn, rip, and mash the blend) where they are heated up to melt point and basically mixed like cake batter (though much thicker) and pushed into the die * At the Die, the now goopy, molten plastic is pulled out in the form of a circle and pulled up while a massive amount of cool air is blown from the bottom, all the way around the bubble to cool the bubble allowing it to solidify and retain its shape. This stage is the fun "sciencey" part. You have to balance how fast the bubble is coming out of the die, with how thin or thick the blend is ("mil" or "gauge" thickness) and how much air you need to cool the whole thing or it just collapses in on it's self. * As the bubble cools it is hauled away from the die by pneumatically controlled rubber rollers while being filled with air to reach it's desired size. (Typically comes out of the die around 380-400 degrees Far. but needs to cool to around 250 degrees or less to be "solid") This is the width of the bag, and it's basically a giant, infinite tube at this point. * After the bubble reaches the rollers (Called a "nip") it is flattened into a sheet and called a web. The web is then pulled along a series of rollers and through other machines that modify the bag. Some machines add printing, while others slice, fold and reseal the bag to add draw strings. * Eventually the web enters the most important part of the down stream equipment: The perforation and sealing machine. Typically just called "the bag machine." This machine basically controls how long the bags are by perforating the web at a set interval and then adding a seal, creating a 3rd side to the web. * After the "bag machine" the web is usually folded and feeds into the final production machine. This machine will either fold separated bags into a pile where they can be hand packed into boxes and loaded into cases, or it will be rolled into traditional trash bag rolls where they also get hand packed and sealed into the store packaging and loaded into bulk cases. Edit #2: Again, sorry if this looks like slop, I'm not much of a Redditor, and this caught me off guard. So I spat out something for the hungry masses as soon as I could. Enjoy!


Question: Why are characters open to public domain and not other 'creations' ?

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 Why are characters open to public domain and not other 'creations' ?

All creations are supposed to enter public domain after some time original creator died(or from first publication in case it's created by a company's hired workers), but Disney keeps extending it so Mickey Mouse doesn't, despite profiting from using the creations already in public domain like classical music. Don't know what the public domain has to do with that dispute though, rights to Spiderman were sold to Sony and maybe only your grand-kids will live to see public domain Spiderman even if they weren't - that'll be in 2088 or something.


Question: How does a food company acquire all the detailed "Nutrition Facts" listed on the back of the product?

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</answer>
 How does a food company acquire all the detailed "Nutrition Facts" listed on the back of the product?

they send it to a food nutrition analysis lab that does all that for them. Protein by analysis of total nitrogen, either by Dumas or Kjeldahl methods, Total fat, traditionally by an solvent extraction, but often now by secondary methods such as NMR, Crude ash (total inorganic matter) by combustion at 550C, Estimated dietary fibre by various AOAC methods such as 985.29, Sodium (and thereby Salt) either by flame photometry, AA or ICP-OES, Total sugars, normally by a liquid chromatography technique, such as IC-HPAED or HPLC-RI, Fatty acids by GC-FID, Carbohydrates and energy values are normally calculated from these analytical values. Cholesterol by Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography etc, very complicated stuff. but food manufacturers send it to a lab. or if they're big enough, they do it in house.


Question: How does the moon control ocean currents?

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 How does the moon control ocean currents?

Well the moon controls the tides. The ocean currents are largely caused by the changes in ocean temperatures and the shape of the contenants. So the moon pulls water where ever it goes and the water has to slosh around all those pesky land bits. You can thank the moon for slowing down the Earth's rotation too.


Question: Why is Luxemburg the richest country in the world on a per capita basis?

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 Why is Luxemburg the richest country in the world on a per capita basis?

Well for starters - [because nobody lives there]( URL_0 .). Then we throw in that plenty of people work in Luxemburg but [do not actually live there]( URL_1 .). The result is a very small population, with a much larger workforce feeding into the income number but not into the population number. Then you consider that the vast majority of Luxemburg jobs are high paying jobs in industries like Finance and you have a perfect storm. For a comparable example, imagine if we calculated the GDP of New York City per capita but included everyone in New Jersey's income as well.


Question: Why do older 3D graphic games look worse to us than retro 2D games?

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 Why do older 3D graphic games look worse to us than retro 2D games?

It’s similar to t he “uncanny valley” phenomenon if you know what that is. Basically, the closer some tries to look to real life, the more our brain finds the imperfection in them disturbing, as if you’re looking at a disfigured person. But for things that don’t look close to real life, our brain doesn’t make that connection, instead it just sees the colorful pixels for what they are, colorful pixels. Plus, with 3D games, you’re generally comparing them to real life and modern 3D games, and you can really see just how bad they were. 2D or cartoony games you don’t see that as much becuase they’re not as comparable to other modern games, instead it’s just their own unique art style.


Question: How is it possible for traffic on the highway to come to a complete standstill despite there being no obstruction, closed lane, exit etc?

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 How is it possible for traffic on the highway to come to a complete standstill despite there being no obstruction, closed lane, exit etc?

When there is an obstruction then traffic slows. The obstruction can then be cleared but the echoes remain with a spot of slow traffic. The amazing thing is that there doesn't even have to be a real obstruction. Just dense traffic Here is a video showing one spontaneously occurring in controlled conditions - URL_0 They're also known as traffic waves or phantom traffic jams


Question: Why/How is Tesla given such a high valuation, more so than Ford and GM recently, despite never turning a profit?

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 Why/How is Tesla given such a high valuation, more so than Ford and GM recently, despite never turning a profit?

Valuation is largely dependent on your ability to make future money, as well as how much money you make now. While a dollar today is worth more than a dollar a year from now, its probably fair to say that someone who's going to make ten million dollars every year starting ten years from now has a higher "valuation" than someone making a hundred grand every year, starting today. Similarly, Tesla is valued as high as it's profitable peers because investors believe that in the future, it's going to be making significantly much more money than Ford and GM will be, and that the effect of this "future money" is worth as much as Ford/GM's current earnings.


Question: Water: is it considered colourless & flavourless? Why is it always depicted blue?

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 Water: is it considered colourless & flavourless? Why is it always depicted blue?

Water is flavorless because you do not have any taste buds to detect water or any aroma sensors to detect it. However you are able to feel the temperature changes and texture as well as any minerals or organic matter in the water. So being flavorless does not mean that you can not feel that it is water. As for its color water is blue but very transparent. That means that a small amount of water for example in a glass will let most of the light through but does give it a slight blue tint. The more water the light have to pass through the more gets absorbed. So if you have deep enough water it will turn up as more blue then transparent.


Question: How do forms of alternative computing such as DNA and molecular computers work?

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 How do forms of alternative computing such as DNA and molecular computers work?

All computers are something called a Turing Machine. You can look up the specific definition here - URL_0 But a tl;dr of it is, every computer consists of 3 things: 1. Something to store data 2. Something to manipulate the stored data 3. Set of rules that work with that data The third one is just a set of logical rules. For example, if you are presented with two things, lets say a blob of blue paint and a blob of yellow paint. The rule may say, combine them and drop a blob of green paint somewhere. This is in essence what a binary computer does, present it with a 1 and a 0, output 10 somewhere. In a typical binary computer, #1 is something like your RAM or your hard drive. #2 is your CPU. #3 is in the arrangement of transistors in your CPU. For a DNA computer, #1 is the DNA, #2 is in the arrangement of the DNA sequence, #3 use DNA and proteins to stitch patterns together. It should be noted that DNA computers are painfully slow (days to do something a normal computer would spend seconds on) and error prone, it's still a field in its infancy. We also haven't developed a general purpose computer using DNA yet (Called a Universal Turing Machine). Your alarm clock is a Turing Machine, but it can't do stuff that your PC and phone can. Your PC and phone are Universal Turing Machines because they can do anything any other Turing Machine can do, such as act as an alarm clock.


Question: Why would adding some sort of giant magnifying glass to solar panels not generate more energy?

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 Why would adding some sort of giant magnifying glass to solar panels not generate more energy?

Look at it this way. If you are thirsty and drinking from a water bottle, that takes awhile. So why not just blast a thirsty person with a fire hose? Same principle. The cells can only absorbs so much light, so even if you shine more or concentrated on it the rate of absorption doesn't increase. The only thing to do would be make even bigger panels, which at a certain point leads to other issues.


Question: How do credit card companies make money with all of their cash back deals?

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 How do credit card companies make money with all of their cash back deals?

Two ways. Credit card companies make money off of people who owe money and have to pay interest on the debt. But also, credit card companies make money from merchants. If you buy a hamburger for $10.00, the hamburger shop only gets $9.70 of that. The credit card company takes $0.30 and gives you $0.10 back.


Question: Why do bombs detonate right before they hit the ground rather than at impact?

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 Why do bombs detonate right before they hit the ground rather than at impact?

If a bomb hits the ground and explodes, half or more of it’s energy is wasted hitting the ground, made even worse by the crater it goes into and creates. If a bomb explodes at a set height above the ground, nearly all the energy is used to damage what you’re trying to hit. Depending on the type of target, some bombs are meant to detonate below ground, like in a bunker. They can go through ground and walls and explode, even as smart as counting floors before explosion. Nuclear weapons for example explode at a relatively high height.


Question: Why do drinks taste better from a soda fountain?

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 Why do drinks taste better from a soda fountain?

I only know why Cokes at McDonald's taste so good. It's because Coke determined how much soda water, ice and syrup make the drink taste best. They then worked with McDonald's so the Coke you get there actually tastes how a Coke is supposed to taste. Also, it's fresh made and hasn't been sitting around in either a bottle or a can for who knows how long.


Question: What did Bill Clinton do/What contributed to the prosperous economic state in the 90's?

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 What did Bill Clinton do/What contributed to the prosperous economic state in the 90's?

Sometimes the best thing a President can do is not screw up a good thing when it's happening. The Internet was just starting to boom then, and Clinton *didn't mess it up*. He didn't create it, but he didn't stop it either (and did a good job of making sure others didn't stop it). That may not sound like much, but Presidents/Congresses have purposely or ham-handedly stifled innovation in the past for various reasons. Clinton didn't do that. He did do some things to help it too: increased education funding and funding to research universities (where many of the new technologies used by the Internet where invented), increased funding to the National Science Foundation by over 30% (again increasing the creation and adoption of new technologies), and so on. Paying for basic scientific research often pays huge dividends.


Question: Why do mouth ulcers and canker sores swell when cuts anywhere else on the body simply get red and heal up?

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 Why do mouth ulcers and canker sores swell when cuts anywhere else on the body simply get red and heal up?

I have suffered my whole life from those terrible canker sores. About 10 years ago I discovered **Hydrogen Peroxide**, and it has absolutely changed my life. The moment you feel the slightest inkling of a canker sore coming on (or you bite your cheek or otherwise injure your mouth), immediately rinse with standard H202. Do this a few times a day until the threat has passed. I just take a swig out of the bottle and swish it around for about 30 seconds. I don't rinse with water (or drink water) for at least 15 minutes afterwards. Using this method I have been mostly canker sore free for years. Even when one gets started, prompt and consistent application of Hydrogen Peroxide makes the sore heal quicker and be much less intense. Hope this helps you fellow sufferers!


Question: How do tattoo parlors get around copyright laws?

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 How do tattoo parlors get around copyright laws?

Generally speaking, the copyright holder must prove the copied work has a negative effect on the work's value or potential market. A tattoo artist who inks a cartoon character onto a client without obtaining permission from the original illustrator may be infringing by affecting the potential market of the character; the illustrator could sell drawings to tattoo parlors for use on clients. On the other hand, the client is less likely to be considered infringing, since his display of the work is usually not for profit and in most cases would not affect the work's value or market.