Question: What does Platonism and nominalism mean without using words like abstract?

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 What does Platonism and nominalism mean without using words like abstract?

Platonism states that somewhere in reality there is such a thing as "the ideal" version of every concept. There is an ideal tree, which all trees emulate. There is a perfect sphere, which all dpheres strive to be. There is a "red" tht all reds imitate. Nomalism states the opposite. There is no "tree", it is just a name we give to tree-like objects. There is no perfect sphere, only spherical objects. Objects can be red, but "red" is just a name we give to a certain wavelength of light. Essentially, does eveything we describe exist, or is it just a name we give physical objects?


Question: How can we see Venus on the night sky ?

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</answer>
 How can we see Venus on the night sky ?

Venus is always closer to the Sun that Earth is, but Venus is not always in between the Earth and the Sun. If Venus is directly in between or directly behind the Sun, you cannot see it, but if Venus is on the side (in its orbital position), then you will have a great view of Venus during dawn and dusk. Here is a [diagram]( URL_0 ).


Question: How do you keep the blood flowing in a heart transplant surgery? And how do you make the new heart start beating again?

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 How do you keep the blood flowing in a heart transplant surgery? And how do you make the new heart start beating again?

A bypass machine and ventilator. Along with a crap ton of blood products. And your body is packed in ice to reduce body temp so everything slows down and gives them more time. To restart you get a zap directly to the heart, and a pacemaker. Source: had heart valve replaced was "dead" for 18 min and had my blood volume replaced 1.5 times. Google external pacemaker removal for fun.


Question: Why does Russia own a random chunk out of Lithuania and Poland?

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 Why does Russia own a random chunk out of Lithuania and Poland?

If you're talking about Kaliningrad, that was a part of Prussia and then later a part of Germany that the Soviet Union claimed during its offensive westward against Germany. After the war, there was a conference on the fate of Germany and how certain territories should be split up, and the Allies agreed that the USSR could keep that territory for itself.


Question: If you have a pile of mulch/woodchips/etc and leave it long enough it can start to smoke. How?

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 If you have a pile of mulch/woodchips/etc and leave it long enough it can start to smoke. How?

A large enough pile will be generating heat all through it, and the stuff in the middle has nowhere for the heat to go, so it builds up. Eventually, you'll hit the smoke point for something in the pile (the wood, the resins in the sap, small children, you know) and voila! Smoke!


Question: Why will it take the economy years to bounce back?

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 Why will it take the economy years to bounce back?

For a few reasons. We were due a decline regardless as there are structual problems with how we have been handeling money over the last decade or so. This will take a long time to resove and remedy will take longer. Similarly if Covid disappeared overnight, all the people who lost jobs must find new ones and that takes time. You also have to replace any people who die. The economy is slower and will take time to start back up again. These two effects compound with each other and make it so that unless something unexpected happens, we will be dealing with the impact of both effects for a long time.


Question: What is the .com bubble? And why did it burst?

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 What is the .com bubble? And why did it burst?

The Internet rapidly became widely adopted around the world and many people saw endless business opportunities. Setting up a new business was now relatively cheap and easy and you could have a global customer base right from the start. A lot of money was invested in various new companies. People wanted to put a lot of money in these new markets as early as possible. They saw the success of companies like Apple and Microsoft and wanted to get in from the start with companies that could well be the next big thing. Some of them were successful and made their investors incredibly rich. Most companies (just like in the real world) failed miserably. That initial investment boom quickly slowed down when investors realised that many Internet companies are risky bets.


Question: Why dont all planets rotate backwards?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
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 Why dont all planets rotate backwards?

You're forgetting about why the objects are accreting in the first place: gravity. The young planetoid isnt simply sweeping through space and cleaning up a cross-section of itself, it's sucking dust and gas down into its gravitational toilet. The dust falling in from external orbits is speeding up towards the star's immense gravity. Dust being pulled in from interior orbits is slowing down as the planet lifts it up. This all forms a hurricane-like accretion disk around the young planet as the material spirals inwards.


Question: why ARM processors are less energy consuming than x86 and why it is not easy to make x86 less consuming?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
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 why ARM processors are less energy consuming than x86 and why it is not easy to make x86 less consuming?

A lot of the techniques that make x86 processors as fast as they are come with a severe power cost. The architecture has 30+ years of backwards compatibility and quirky behavior to maintain. ARM is a relatively simple architecture and was made with energy efficiency in mind, not the "performance at all costs" mantra that drove x86. ARM has also been able to issue multiple versions that break backwards compatibility to drop legacy features and add new ones.


Question: Why does sleep deprivation after a certain point make me hyper?

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 Why does sleep deprivation after a certain point make me hyper?

Brain gets too tired and goes a lil insane from being up too many consecutive hours. Practice good sleep hygiene by getting 7 hours of sleep at the same time every night. You can make this easier by practicing “bedtime rituals” some that you may already do like teeth brushing, picking out your tomorrow outfit, or reading. Do it at the same time every night and you’ll find it easy to fall asleep at that time with the ritual in about two weeks. Avoiding caffeine after 4 PM is a good idea but not necessarily a hard and fast rule. Also if you’re a teen, teens need 2 additional hours until about age 25 when the brain has fully matured. Brains like repetition, and self care rituals turn repetition into well being. Irregular sleep patterns can wreak havoc on your mental well being and often the first thing a psychiatrist will ask is “how have you been sleeping?” We still don’t fully understand sleep, but the brain can actually be more active during REM sleep than while one is awake. Brains are hella cool, yours is too, so you gotta take care of it by sleeping at regular times :)


Question: (ELI3 would be better) What is a CFD (Contract For Differences) ?

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 (ELI3 would be better) What is a CFD (Contract For Differences) ?

A contract for differences is an agreement that two people (or groups) enter into. In this contract, there is an asset. It could be a stock, a commodity (like oil or gold), or anything really. The contract lists a specific date. At the end of that date, you take the price of the asset, and compare it to the price of the asset when the contract was signed/created. If that asset has appreciated (increased in value), in that time, the person who sold the CFD pays the buyer the amount the asset increased by. If the asset depreciated (decreased in value), the buyer pays the seller that difference. The buyer is betting that the asset will appreciate, and the seller is betting that the asset will depreciate. There's no need for ownership because you aren't selling a product. Here's a (decent) comparison. Imagine you bet with someone on the results of a football game. For every point your team wins by, the other person has to pay you $1. If your team loses, you pay $1 to the other guy for every point your team lost by. You don't need to own the team because you aren't betting on the team itself, you're betting on the *score*. Similarly, in a CFD, you aren't really betting on the asset itself, you're betting on the *price* of the asset.


Question: Why does 4 hours of sleep feel better than more?

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 Why does 4 hours of sleep feel better than more?

It depends on the person, everyone is different. But when you sleep you slowly go into your unconscious and out. Think of it like a wave, when the wave is high and tall you're awake, when it's low and deep it's unconscious. And when you're all the way at the bottom that's REM sleep. Your waves might move in a factor of 4 hours. If you're coming up from the wave and get woken up before it naturally goes to the top then that is when you still feel groggy and bad. When you are allowed the time to naturally rise you feel well rested.


Question: How exactly does cruise control work?

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 How exactly does cruise control work?

There's multiple ways for cruise control to work. The first way is outdated and only used on old cars that have a throttle cable. When you engage it, it turns on a motor that will hold the throttle valve in the desired position. As you go up/down hills, the motor will open/shut the valve to compensate for speed. The modern way to do it is controlled by the car computer. It's basically the same but you can now control fuel injector duty cycle etc to make it more efficient. Modern cars also have electronic throttle control, so there are no cables


Question: How can nothing be faster than light when speed is only relative?

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 How can nothing be faster than light when speed is only relative?

This is a brilliant question. It is the question the led to special relativity! Motion is relative: the velocity of an object depends on the velocity of the thing measuring it. Speed of light is not relative: everything measures speed of light the same. That is the paradox. The universe tells us that is the way it is when we measure it! ...and we try to explain why. But I believe understanding should start there, not with explanations of space time.


Question: Why does grapefruit juice mess with so many medicines?

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 Why does grapefruit juice mess with so many medicines?

There's an enzyme in your small intestine (CYP3A4) that has a large role in breaking down certain medicines. In order to compensate for the action of this enzyme, the actual dosage of the medicine in question has to be made larger than it otherwise would be so it can have its proper effect. However, grapefruit juice interferes with this enzyme and prevents it working properly, which means more of the medicine gets absorbed and thus you're more likely to suffer side-effects from having too much of the medicine.


Question: An observatory discovers we’re in peril as a cataclysmic sized asteroid is on a path for Earth and we’ve only got a year before impact. What measures are in place to save our bacons?

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 An observatory discovers we’re in peril as a cataclysmic sized asteroid is on a path for Earth and we’ve only got a year before impact. What measures are in place to save our bacons?

Absolutely none All of our asteroid avoidance measures are for an asteroid that is a few decades out and all of them are theoretical at best If we discovered an multi kilometer wide asteroid on course for Earth (a 7 or 10 on the Torino scale), the only thing we can currently do is pray


Question: How is the protein content and other nutrients in food calculated?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is the protein content and other nutrients in food calculated?

Various techniques - most of which are carried out in a laboratory. Protein is calculated by analysing total nitrogen content; fat is calculated by either solvent absorption or NMR; inorganic matter by combustion and dry ash analysis; etc etc. There are techniques for each nutrient. There is also a database that is available which contains nutritional information for foods previously tested, which can be used to calculate the overall content of a prepared meal.


Question: Why when suffering from a virus do you wake up half way through the night covered in sweat?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
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 Why when suffering from a virus do you wake up half way through the night covered in sweat?

The sweating is because your body is ramping up it's temperature to kill viruses and infections, and will happen if you're awake or not. As for why you wake up, there's a litany of reasons. Simple discomfort from the fever could be enough. Fever dreams are some of the craziest highs I've ever had, and can be jarring enough to wake you up. Your body may also be signaling a change in state. Imminent vomiting, spike or break in fever, seizures incoming, or maybe it's your last few moments alive.


Question: How does someone source a history book? What's to stop me writing a book about history and making it all up?

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Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does someone source a history book? What's to stop me writing a book about history and making it all up?

Historian here: There are two types of sources: Primary and Secondary. The main pieces of evidence and (secondary) the people writing about the main pieces of evidence. Sometimes they do just make it up! A historian's job is not just to know random dates and people but to interpret the evidence, and this includes looking at someone from thousands of years ago and saying "you know what, this guy is lying." Granted, you need to have a strong argument based on other pieces of evidence. Plutarch is an example that I often come across. Plutarch can be super helpful, he is a pretty good academic, is well read, and for the most part does a decent job of giving the basic facts.... but he absolutely loves drama. He will add in drama whenever he possibly can. In his work on Alexander he basically says he's not a historian but one showing the virtue of these figures. So occasionally we'll get a story from Plutarch that appears nowhere else. Plutarch is known for being someone who studied the other historians well, and we only have a handful of these historians' works still in existence, so we have to rely on people like Plutarch to tell us what was in them. So we have to go "hmm, IS THIS PLAUSIBLE?" If so, we need to look at the evidence, compare what we do know, and make an argument. Somethings we can eliminate instantly. For example, Plutarch says Themistocles and Aristides got into a debate after the Battle of Salamis about how to proceed. Plutarch spent a lot of time hyping up the rivalry between Themistocles and Aristides, so this fits right in.... but Herodotus, who was alive during the actual time of this period, makes it very clear that Aristides was not involved in this debate at all and it was the Spartan Eurybiades instead. But Plutarch changed this one small fact for drama. So when Plutarch then creates more drama between Themistocles and Aristides by saying Themistocles told Aristides he wanted to destroy the allied fleet, but told no one but Artistides, we can say "Wow, that's a huge accusation, but it probably didn't happen.." there's no evidence elsewhere of it, there's no reason that this would support Themistocles' plans, or help Athens in any way (they already had hegemonic control by a lot) and why would he tell his arch nemesis of this evil plan? So in this case it's not just Plutarch changing some basic facts but he's outright lying to progress the story along to explain why Themistocles suddenly fell from grace and was chased out of Athens. Now if we look at Secondary Sources: Especially modern ones, there are a lot of ones that outright lie... in fact there's a gigantic market for them -- we call them "Popular History" which are history books written for the public instead of academics. Pretty much anytime you see a news story "Was __________ secretly gay?" etc., this is popular history. If you go to your local book store, your history section is 90% popular history -- these books can't be used in proper research articles. One of the ways they get away with it is they don't actually cite any sources. There's no way to follow their evidence and check for yourself -- they do this purposefully. With actual historians we are required to show our work, to cite our references, and if this was a proper article I would have shown the exact passages in Plutarch and Herodotus that you would find these changes (and if anyone really wants to know I can dig them up in the morning, but honestly right now I can't be fucked.) But if I did post them and did cite them and they were wrong it opens up the door for someone to go "Uh, DemDerDemDen is wrong, and here's why, based on this evidence..." and I might reply with other evidence defending my position, but this sort of peer review keeps things honest (albeit bloody ;) ) I hope I'm making sense, let me know if you have any questions.


Question: Why is the minimum age for president in the US 35? Is there something special about that age, or is it just kind of a number that was decided on a long time ago and was kept around?

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 Why is the minimum age for president in the US 35? Is there something special about that age, or is it just kind of a number that was decided on a long time ago and was kept around?

The main reason is it really is just an arbitrary number they chose, but one which is sufficiently young enough to allow a good portion of the civic population access to the office with a reliable "live til the end of the term" while also ensuring that whomever gets the job is likely to have some form of life experience to make them a good president. It's important to remember that the presidency the founding fathers, besides Hamilton, envisioned was not a powerful office. The people running the county were meant ot be congress, and the presidency becoming the strongest of the three branches has largely born out of the job of being the executive and multiple crises moments dumping authority onto it/


Question: How does ad blocker work and how does website know if we are using one?

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 How does ad blocker work and how does website know if we are using one?

The ad blocker has a list of rules on what page elements, JavaScript files and content servers to block. This includes rules like "servers belonging to Annoying Ads Inc" or "in Mega News site and subpages, a specific element called top-ad-banner" or "All scripts on Mega News site's /eviltracker/ directory". These are usually hand-made lists and are maintained by volunteers, because it takes effort to identify these things correctly and make sure you don't block too much or too little. Previously, it was also common to use some kind of heuristics (e.g. "All images that are yay big are probably ad banners and should be blocked") but those aren't that popular these days. The website can detect ad blockers by detecting if some particular page element is present or not. (Of course, nothing stops the ad blockers from blocking that kind of scripts, but hey.)


Question: How come every time you save an image the quality becomes worse and worse. Would this still happen if you screenshot it?

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 How come every time you save an image the quality becomes worse and worse. Would this still happen if you screenshot it?

Often when you save an image (either saving it or screenshotting it) it gets stored as a compressed image file. Compression reduces the file size by averaging pixels or simply by skipping over unimportant pixels. Depending on the compression format, a lot of the image quality can be lost. Opening an already compressed file, adding text or a watermark, then compressing it again will reduce the quality further because it has to guess what the pixels used to be before.


Question: Why do game companies not support their games better?

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 Why do game companies not support their games better?

For most heavily marketed AAA games, most of the profit is made during the spike of sales when the game is initially released at full price. There may be additional spikes later on when the game price is marked down but because of the lower sale price, the profit per sale is reduced. Therefore, a game company, knowing that they get most of their profits immediately after release, will only care about the release and not supporting the game afterwards. It's better to allocate people to work on a new game which will have a profit spike when released than to have them work on patches for an old game which will not make much more money as time passes. Furthermore, continued support for older games means gamers will stick to playing the old versions rather than buy the new versions. Game companies can't sell their new yearly iteration if people are content with playing the previous year's version. And for upsetting the loyal customers? It turns out sale records are broken time and time again with this strategy. Why worry about loyalty and support if people are still buying it up upon release? There are a few exceptions to the model. Certain games that offer a "service platform" for gaming tend to have continued support (DOTA 2, Overwatch, PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds, Rainbow 6 Siege, CS:GO etc.). A great deal of the profit comes from players spending money on microtransactions as they continue to play.


Question: Why does the sunlit area in this photo appear almost "foggy"? What causes this lighting phenomenon? (There is no processing on this picture, the effect was visible with the naked eye)

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 Why does the sunlit area in this photo appear almost "foggy"? What causes this lighting phenomenon? (There is no processing on this picture, the effect was visible with the naked eye)

Short answer? There's stuff in the air. Pollen, dust, and other small particles. Over a long enough distance everything looks a little foggy. In the shadows, there's not enough light bouncing around to reveal it, but when there is enough light it bounces around creating a halo-like effect. If the air was cleaner, you'd see less of the "glow" and just more empty space.


Question: - how does the porn industry make money?

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 - how does the porn industry make money?

A combination of monopolistic practices in the mainstream and catered fetishes on the edges. Essentially, the company that owns PornHub put most of the mainstream porn sites out of business--and bought them all up pretty cheaply. So if you buy a video from a website or watch it on PornHub, it's all the same people. Which makes it easier to "control" the free content and steer the people who are willing to pay towards the paid content. Outside of that bubble are more custom/focused providers. Once you get outside of "mainstream" porn you start seeing smaller, more specialized producers. Yeah, if all you want from your porn is blondes with big boobs having sex, there's a lot out there. But if what you really want is bukkake superhero porn, maybe there's only a couple small places out there that really specialize in it, and those types are more likely to be able to develop loyal clientele.


Question: how do anxiety/mental disorders give you physical symptoms?

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 how do anxiety/mental disorders give you physical symptoms?

It's called somatization. Lots of people with acute anxiety or depression might not actually feel particularly anxious or low, and instead their symptoms manifest themselves as physical pain, nausea, strange sensations etc. Some people are unfortunate enough to feel the full brunt of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and also get the dubious pleasure of somatization on top.... It's a tricky one to treat because there's no physical cause for the physical sensations so therapy is generally the best treatment. That said some people have a condition called fibromyalgia that causes severe nerve pain (which is thought to be related to trauma), which is kinda where somatization, 'true' physical pain, and mental illness overlap Hope that helped :)


Question: why does spicy food feel like it cleans out our sinuous'?

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 why does spicy food feel like it cleans out our sinuous'?

"Spicy" is interpreted by your body as "mildly irritating." So your body produces tears and mucus to coat your vulnerable parts (inside you nose and in your eyes) and flush out the irritating stuff. When your body makes more mucus, your nose runs (out, or down your throat) and you might feel your sinuses clear out.


Question: Why are burns due to chemicals or intense cold also called “burns”? What do they have in common with the regular burns due to fire or heat?

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 Why are burns due to chemicals or intense cold also called “burns”? What do they have in common with the regular burns due to fire or heat?

"Chemical burn" is a term that refers to the effect, rather than the process. It's used to indicate the damage that was done to the skin or the organ, and the source of it. In terms of damage, cells are damaged or ruptured over a large area of skin, and "first degree, second, or third" indicates how deeply into the various layers of the skin the damage is, basically the extent of the damage. It's more of a layman's medical term; the doctors are concerned about the damage that was done, rather than the differences between heat, cold, and acids or bases.


Question: How do human bodies keep from losing air and crumbling on an airplane unlike a half empty water bottle on an airplane?

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 How do human bodies keep from losing air and crumbling on an airplane unlike a half empty water bottle on an airplane?

Human bodies aren't balloons. We're mostly liquid on the inside, with some solid. The areas that are gas-filled have systems to equalize pressure with our surroundings. Our lungs should be obvious, but then those little tubes in our ears (the name escapes me) require movement in order to maintain pressure. This is why your ears can hurt when swimming deep underwater or flying in a plane. The normal solution to this is chewing on gum, as the movement of the jaw helps speed up the pressure equalizing process.


Question: How exactly was Jordan Belfort scamming people and why did it work successfully till his demise?

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 How exactly was Jordan Belfort scamming people and why did it work successfully till his demise?

As I understand it he would basically pump and dump stocks. So he would find a cheap stock and buy up alot of it causing the price to inflate then he would hype it up to investors through false information and falsified financial statements of that company and get them to buy in as well at the higher price which inflates it even more. Then he and his brokers would sell their shares at the inflated price which causes the stock price to tumble and they'd just reap the profits of buying low and selling high. He got away with it for a while basically because nobody who knew said anything because they profited as well. His success and party lifestyle eventually causedd the SEC to be suspicious and they started to investigate and the rest is history. Moral of the story: if you're getting rich through illegal means, don't flaunt it and draw attention to yourself


Question: Why is it that with old Christmas tree lights if one bulb went out the entire strand stopped working but with new lights if one goes out the others stay on?

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 Why is it that with old Christmas tree lights if one bulb went out the entire strand stopped working but with new lights if one goes out the others stay on?

The lights can be wired in series (a loop) or parallel (a ladder). Series lights will go out if a bulb is removed. Some incandescent bulbs which are designed for series use have a loop of wire in them which short circuits the bulb if the filament burns out. That means a little more voltage will be dropped across each of the remaining bulbs, and they will burn a little brighter and last a shorter time. If several bulbs are burned out, the remaining ones burn out quickly or a fuse will blow. LED bulbs do not have a similar bypass mechanism for series bulbs, so if one goes out, they all go out.


Question: Why is that in some animation styles things that are animated are brighter than the static background?

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 Why is that in some animation styles things that are animated are brighter than the static background?

Oh I can begin an answer to this. In traditional hand animation, backgrounds are usually painted or drawn with a greater level of detail, because they presumably only need to be painted or drawn one time. The background is a separate piece of art than the character models. Characters, prop, and other moving items are drawn multiple times on multiple cellulose sheets, refered to as "animation cels", that are laid on top of the background image to provide a foreground. These cels may appear brighter because they sometimes lack the fine detail of the background, a static image. It's much simpler to draw the same character multiple times, so they tend to look simpler, with simpler brighter colors.


Question: Why does 60 degrees outside feel completely different from 60 degrees inside?

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 Why does 60 degrees outside feel completely different from 60 degrees inside?

Because temperature alone does not account for things like the sun heating up your skin, wind, humidity and various other factors. There are many different ways of measuring how hot or cold it feel heat index which takes into account humidity and global wet bulb which takes into account other factors like the sun's intensity


Question: what's the deal with Swiss bank accounts?

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 what's the deal with Swiss bank accounts?

Swiss bank accounts are just like any other bank account. They are tied to your identity and you go about deposits/withdrawals the same as any other bank. The increased privacy comes from Swiss law, which prohibits the bank from disclosing to anyone whether or not an account exists for a given person or how much is in it. In the US that info can be unsealed from a US bank by a simple court order.


Question: Why do spray paint cans get cold when we shake them?

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 Why do spray paint cans get cold when we shake them?

There are actually many factors that contribute this. The main one however is that the paint within the can is pressurized to a point such that both gas and liquid of the paint exist. This is called saturation. When you shake the can, you are not only mixing these two, but you are increasing the pressure inside the can. This however does not explain why the can still gets colder when you use the can which intuition would tell you should lower pressure inside the can. The answer to that, is that the pressure does not actually change within the can. As you use the saturated material that is a gas, the material that used to be liquid begins to boil and becomes gaseous. This is why the can always releases the gas in a steady stream until it is near empty. The pressure stays the same. However it takes a lot of energy to change the material from liquid to vapor. This is what causes the drop in temperature Edit: fixed- Minute Physics has an excellent video on this which I will link to below: URL_0


Question: What do people mean when they say that some insects/animals don’t “experience” pain the same way we do?

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 What do people mean when they say that some insects/animals don’t “experience” pain the same way we do?

Some animals, like insects or clams, barely have nervous systems. As far as we can tell, there's nothing in them that's analogous to the human brain's pain centre so we're 99.999% sure they don't feel pain like we do. However, even basic animals like that have reactions like 'flinching', or getting more active, or trying to close their shell, if you injure them. So *something* is going on in there when they take damage. It's just very hard to say what it's like for them because their neural hardware is nothing like ours. They call pain an 'experience' because it's something that happens in our brains, like love, or the color 'leaf green'. What's important about experiences is, we have no way to be sure that they're the same for everybody. If we both look at a leaf, or if we're both in love, we could have exactly the same thing going on in our heads or it could be completely different. Pain is like that, too. Even though a fMRI scan can show that the same parts of my brain and your brain light up when we get stabbed with a pin, that doesn't guarantee that we're feeling exactly the same thing.


Question: Many billionaires like Bill Gates "give away" billions of dollars, but they give it to their own foundations, who dole it out at a trickle. Could they take this money back if they needed/wanted to?

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 Many billionaires like Bill Gates "give away" billions of dollars, but they give it to their own foundations, who dole it out at a trickle. Could they take this money back if they needed/wanted to?

No, this would be considered "self-dealing" by the IRS and is prohibited by law. An excise tax of 5% of the amount of money involved will be applied to everyone involved in the act of self-dealing and the act is supposed to be corrected. If it isn't corrected then a penalty of 200% of the amount involved is applied to the self-dealer and another 50% to any foundation manager who refused to correct the self-dealing. So no, it wouldn't be accessible.


Question: Google Maps uses Mercator projection when zoomed out, giving a distorted view of Earth. Why does nothing seem to change as I zoom into those distorted areas? Surely there should be areas of Siberia, Canada, etc that look fucked up when zoomed in?

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 Google Maps uses Mercator projection when zoomed out, giving a distorted view of Earth. Why does nothing seem to change as I zoom into those distorted areas? Surely there should be areas of Siberia, Canada, etc that look fucked up when zoomed in?

First, Google Maps doesn't use a Mercator projection when zoomed out... at least not today on my browser. I get a 3-d spherical "satellite view". But anyway, what Mercator does wrong is that the scale depends on latitude: polar parts of the Earth look bigger than areas near the equator. But it doesn't distort the shapes of things otherwise -- it's called a ["conformal"]( URL_0 ), or shape-preserving, projection. So when you zoom in to Siberia, you're getting a magnified but correct view of what that part of Siberia looks like. But since you can adjust the amount of zoom as you like, you don't notice the magnification difference. It's only when you can see both Siberia and Brazil in in the same map that there's an obvious problem.


Question: How does stress manifest as physical symptoms?

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 How does stress manifest as physical symptoms?

So stress is a catch all term for all things that impact ones life, good and bad. These things make you brain go into over drive and produce more chemicals than it normally would. Sometimes the brain produces more chemicals than it needs or can use. These chemicals and this brain power is also part of what regulates all body functions. That being said stress from bad situations such as fear also makes your brain tell your body weird stuff. Sometimes it can pull most of your blood to your core making your fingers fold but your torso sweaty. Or it can tell you to be ready to run when there’s nothing to run from making you feel extra sleepy all the time while being too on edge to sleep.


Question: Why water from the ocean is salty ?

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 Why water from the ocean is salty ?

Water that is running from the land into the ocean picks up minerals along the way. This all gets deposited in the oceans when the rivers empty into them. Evaporation off the oceans takes away the water and moves it back over land to feed the rivers but leaves behind the minerals that were dissolved increasing the concentration in teh water that's still in teh ocean.


Question: What does 100% humidity mean? Wouldn't something 100% humid be just water?

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 What does 100% humidity mean? Wouldn't something 100% humid be just water?

When you pour salt into water the salt will dissolve. But if you keep pouring more salt in then eventually you will get to the point where it stops dissolving and just sinks to the bottom of the water. The reason that the salt stops dissolving is that the water has a fixed amount of salt that can dissolve in it, once it reaches that limit it is saturated with salt and can't dissolve any more. This doesn't just apply to salt, it applies to any substance that is capable of dissolving in another. Water is capable of dissolving into air. We refer to how saturated the air is with water as humidity. At 100% humidity the air has dissolved all of the water that it can and no more water can dissolve. The way that water dissolves in air is through evaporation. So at 100% humidity water stops evaporating. If something happens which decreases the amount of water that the air can dissolve - say the temperature of the air decreases - then the excess water turns into condensation, fog, or rain.


Question: Why did the indigenous Australians population decline so much? How did it happen? What were the causes?

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 Why did the indigenous Australians population decline so much? How did it happen? What were the causes?

They were killed, they died through disease and through starvation by being removed from their lands. I don't know the numbers but they were massacred in huge numbers. Near where I went to school the tribe was driven off cliffs. Everyone. Women, children and men. Look up the Myall Creek Massacre.


Question: Why do birds such as as chickens and pigeons bob their head back and fourth?

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 Why do birds such as as chickens and pigeons bob their head back and fourth?

Last I heard we don't really know but the prevailing feature is that it stabilises vision. Our brains have to figure out what each image it receives is and its relation to previously received eye signals. Tiny eye movements in humans offer different perspectives on an environment. That's how we still have depth perception even if we close one eye. Some birds also bob their head to get a better understanding of how theyve moved in relation to the environment. But this is just a theory, I don't think we know for certain.


Question: Scientists say cell phones are many times dirtier than toilet seats, so why isn't everyone with a cell phone sick all the time? Is this a blessing for us to freely lick toilet seats? Or have sickness rates actually increased since cell phones became popular?

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 Scientists say cell phones are many times dirtier than toilet seats, so why isn't everyone with a cell phone sick all the time? Is this a blessing for us to freely lick toilet seats? Or have sickness rates actually increased since cell phones became popular?

It really depends on what you call "dirty". cell phones have more bacteria per cm^2 than toilet seats because they are cleaned less. But those bacteria aren't necessarily harmful. They just live in the environment of your pocket or the ground or the counter or wherever you put your phone. Also, you hold your phone you don't lick it. Few bacteria can enter your body through unbroken skin. Many can enter through mucous membranes (your mouth) Toilet seats get colonized by bacteria from other people who sit on them, not by the environment. If someone with a rash sits on the toilet seat and that rash was caused by fungus or bacteria, now that's on the toilet seat and if you licked it you would be sick. Or spray from feces, fecal bacteria could make you sick. Although total numberd of bacteria are less in the toilet seat, they are more likely to cause harm


Question: Why is the reversible, and compact design of USB-C only made recently? Why couldn't they have used this design decades ago when they were designing USB-A?

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 Why is the reversible, and compact design of USB-C only made recently? Why couldn't they have used this design decades ago when they were designing USB-A?

One of the other deals with this: USB was meant to be a replacement for SERIAL interfaces (Eg, RS232). It was a way to quickly transmit data that happened to also provide a little bit of power. Today, it's primarily used as a power source that happens to have a data exchange. In terms of transmitting information like RS232, USB was meant to be a semi-permanent, hot-swappable interface for things like mice, printers, keyboards, and gamepads. No one was thinking about charging phones. The USB-A and B ports were designed to be fairly strong on their own. USB C is a significantly "weaker" physical connection.


Question: How do Asian keyboards work?

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 How do Asian keyboards work?

Specifically Japanese - Each kanji has a pronunciation that can be romanized. For example, "egg" is pronounced "tamago". So, I type in "tamago", then press the space bar to convert. If there are multiple kanji with the same pronunciation, when pressing space, you get a list to choose from. Step 1: type "tamago" - this is autoconverted to たまご (hiragana - Japanese characters) Step 2: press "space" Step 3: select character that is appropriate for your context URL_0


Question: Why are Northern coastlines absolute messes compared smooth non-northern ones? Eg Scotland and Canada Vs India and Somalia coastlines

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 Why are Northern coastlines absolute messes compared smooth non-northern ones? Eg Scotland and Canada Vs India and Somalia coastlines

India and Somalia were never under polar caps and multi-kilometers high glaciers. In the northern climes during the last Ice Age, the Arctic polar cap went down south to the great lakes in America and almost to the Netherlands in Europe. Glaciers moves and grind rocks and moves loosened rocks to the end of the glacial tongue. This, over time, creates the sharpened coastline and fjords you can see in Norway.


Question: what is Novamin in toothpaste, how does it work, and is it a permanent solution?

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 what is Novamin in toothpaste, how does it work, and is it a permanent solution?

The hard and protective outer surface of teeth “enamel” is sometimes worn down and very small tunnels, or tubes, that are usually hidden under the enamel are exposed. The tubes are called tubules and it is often painful or uncomfortable when they are exposed, to cold drinks or salt, sweet or acid foods. Novamin consist of very small glass-like particles, a material not very different from the enamel that protects the tooth. The Novamin particles will clog the small holes (exposed tubules, remember?) and stop liquids and salts from entering. So the bad sensation in the teeth is stopped as the tunnels can no longer be reached. If you stop brushing your teeth with Novamin toothpaste, the particles will naturally wash away from the exposed tubules and the icing sensations will reappear in a few days.