Question: How do people drown when you can literally lay on your back and float with zero effort?

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 How do people drown when you can literally lay on your back and float with zero effort?

Not everyone *can* lay on their back in the water and float with zero effort. I can start out that way, but within a minute my feet have sunk and I end up vertical in the water with my head tilted all the way back and only my nose out of the water. And I worked for a decade as a swimming instructor, so you know this isn't an issue of technique - it's body composition and density. Pretty much no one considers putting *zero* effort into the activity of not drowning, especially when they have no idea how to not drown.


Question: How exactly could a boat be driven ashore by ice?

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 How exactly could a boat be driven ashore by ice?

> How exactly could a boat be driven ashore by ice? Ice covers a very large surface area of the ocean and wind can blow it around. If you have several square miles of ice being blown on by the wind that is a very large force and an enormous weight of ice which has been caused to move in a given direction. When a boat encounters that ice it is unlikely it will be able to do anything but be carried away by its force. Even when that ice encounters land the momentum and wind pressure on the ice behind it can push it up onto the shore. Any boat between the ice and shore will be carried along for the ride, potentially ending up a significant distance inland. [Here is an example of this sort of thing happening with a relatively thin sheet of ice.]( URL_0 )


Question: if you're standing on the back of a truck headed North at 100 mph, and you throw a baseball South at 100 mph, would the baseball appear to fall straight down to someone watching from the side of the road?

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 if you're standing on the back of a truck headed North at 100 mph, and you throw a baseball South at 100 mph, would the baseball appear to fall straight down to someone watching from the side of the road?

Yes. Speed is always relative to some point of reference. To someone standing on the truck the ball shoots off against the direction of travel at high speed. To someone stationary near the point where it's thrown it falls straight down. [Here's Mythbusters doing this experiment with a soccer ball fired from an air cannon]( URL_0 ).


Question: Why CAN'T we have the characters '\', '/', ':', '*', '?', ' < ', ' > ', '|' in a file's name in Windows?

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 Why CAN'T we have the characters '\', '/', ':', '*', '?', ' < ', ' > ', '|' in a file's name in Windows?

Each of them has a special meaning on the command line, so if they showed up in filenames they would lead to ambiguity. \ is the path element separator on Windows and / is both the path separator on Unix-style systems and the normal command switch character. : is the character that indicates a drive name as well as being the path separator for old (pre-OS X) Macintosh systems. ? and * are characters used as wildcards (aka globs) when specifying files. < and > are used to redirect input and output to files. | is used to send the input of one command to the output of another command.


Question: If wood floats how can a boat made fully from wood sink?

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 If wood floats how can a boat made fully from wood sink?

A plank of wood will float happily. Add another plank to that first plank, and the first one will be forced underwater. Add a third, and the second will be forced underwater too, because you're asking the lower planks to support mass. The fact that that mass, if it was sat in the water, is buoyant doesn't make any difference. There is a type of boat that takes advantage of the fact that buoyant materials float, and that is a raft. You can have rafts made entirely from wood that will float quite happily with no hull to speak of. But, rafts are unstable, they don't have a particularly impressive load carrying ability, and they're not very manoeuvrable. So you create a hull. That attaches more than one piece of wood together, so the mass, being forced down into the water, displaces a certain amount of water (a watertight hull in other words). As long as the displaced water is a greater mass than the rest of the boat, the thing will float. Don't forget old 'fully from wood' boats would have ballast in the bottom (literally piles of rock) to stabilize the ship and keep it steady in the water, as well as metalwork in form of, for example, guns, cannon, and the like, not to mention any fixtures and fittings in the boat. All of those are adding mass to the arrangement, making the whole thing less likely to float. Once in that situation, a hole in the hull will let water in, adding mass to the whole arrangement until it's no longer buoyant, and founders. Individual planks breaking off will float again though. As demonstrated by putting one plank on the other above, it doesn't take much mass to overcome the buoyancy of a particular piece of wood in itself.


Question: How is an internal 3d representation of the video game world translated to what we see on screen?

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 How is an internal 3d representation of the video game world translated to what we see on screen?

None of these comments are ELI5. The principle behind all current real-time rendering is rasterization. All things within games are made of triangles and these triangles are "projected" onto your screen depending on your view. Think of it like holding a flashlight towards an object and drawing the shadow. Once you have this projection you still have to find out how this projection translates to pixels. One way to do this is the Scanline method although this can't be quickly explained.


Question: What is the literal meaning of, "the exception that proves the rule?"

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 What is the literal meaning of, "the exception that proves the rule?"

The phrase is actually used incorrectly most of the time. It refers to when a rule isn't specifically stated but an exception is, and from the exception you can infer the rule. For example "Restaurant is Open for Brunch on Sunday", or a nightclub advertising "No entry fee for women on Friday night!" From these exceptions you can infer that the restaurant doesn't serve brunch on other days of the week and that men would have to pay for entry to the club on Friday.


Question: What is big data clustering?

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 What is big data clustering?

First, big data is just a buzz word, and just means any large amount of information. Suppose you have information about a few objects, some apples, fire trucks, and tangerines. We could take two pieces of information about these objects, the color (red or orange) and the shape (round or square) and use them to determine which items belong to which groups. Some fire trucks will be redder than others, and some apples maybe be less round, but they all should exist in similar places in red/orange-round/square considerations. The clustering means that we determine limits as to when an object is more likely an apple, tangerine, or fire truck. If the object is redder than an upvote and round, it must be an apple. We would want to create categories for these so if we get a new object, we can label it as an apple, fire truck, or tangerine based on what we’ve seen before.


Question: - Why does asking someone to help us choose between things help us to solidify our answer, even if it is not the choice that the other person suggested?

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 - Why does asking someone to help us choose between things help us to solidify our answer, even if it is not the choice that the other person suggested?

You're probably already leaning toward one answer. If they agree with you, it reaffirms that you made the right choice. If they disagree with you, but you disagree with their reasoning, that can again reaffirm you made the right choice. If they disagree with you, and manage to convince you of their reasoning, your choice has changed **and** someone agrees with you, so that's basically the same as if you agreed initially.


Question: if everything is registered in computers and databases, why do fake passports still work? Should they fail on arrival when read thru the machine? Like a 404?

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 if everything is registered in computers and databases, why do fake passports still work? Should they fail on arrival when read thru the machine? Like a 404?

Because as example the US customs does not have access to the "British citizen passport database". The data on the passport is the same as the written one, including error correction keys and nowadays some biological data as well (such as fingerprint). It also depend on the issuing country and how old your passport is. All they can do is check that it's correct and matches you as a person. And cross reference with their own data of persons denied entry etc. TL;DR; there is no secret world wide database with everyone's information for them to connect to.


Question: how do stocks work? What is it? What do you buy?

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 how do stocks work? What is it? What do you buy?

So, companies (like all things) have owners. Sometimes companies have very few owners, sometimes they have very many. Stocks/Shares is a tiny, tiny bit of an ownership in a company. If we assume that a company has divided itself in to 1000 shares, and you own 100 of them, you own 10% of that company. Lucky you. Owning stocks can have differing benefits depending on what the company is question puts in to ownership, but some common benefits are: * Companies might give out dividends, Taking parts of their profits and dividing them between their shareholders. * Owning shares might give you a right to a vote in company matters, such as electing board of directors and voting on mergers. * Of course as companies get more and more valuable you can buy a piece of ownership and then sell it later for more money than you initially had.


Question: How does the mlb regulate the dimension of a park when its being built?

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 How does the mlb regulate the dimension of a park when its being built?

The rules "Any Playing Field constructed by a professional club after June 1, 1958, shall provide a minimum distance of 325 feet from home base to the nearest fence, stand or other obstruction on the right and left field foul lines, and a minimum distance of 400 feet to the center field fence." (Rule 2.01) Teams can request a waiver. If they are really short MLB might ask that the wall is taller. Minute Maid park is 315 feet in left field, but its 19 feet tall. They requested a waiver from MLB and were approved.


Question: Why are store prices sometimes listed as fractions ("3/$5" or "4/$2") or "buy X, get Y free", instead of just being mathematically straightforward? Is there some psychology behind it?

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 Why are store prices sometimes listed as fractions ("3/$5" or "4/$2") or "buy X, get Y free", instead of just being mathematically straightforward? Is there some psychology behind it?

There are a couple reasons for this. One is psychological to the customer. When some people see something like 2 for $7 their mind goes "wow, I can get 2 of these for just 7 bucks!", so it makes them want to buy them more. The other is because sometimes you have to actually buy 2 in order to get the price. Many times the deal like 2 for 7 requires you to buy two. So it's a way of them reducing inventory and forcing you to buy 2 in order to get the deal.


Question: How does changing to snow tires for season work?

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 How does changing to snow tires for season work?

So I live in the Upper Peninsula, where snow is rampant just about 6 to 8 months of the year. I currently have a set of all season tires on my all wheel drive car, and have a set of snow tires for when the snow starts to fall. I can't speak for the people who don't have space to store the extra set of tires, however I keep mine on my balcony covered with a tarp to protect them from the non winter elements. When I need to change my tires, I head over to my local tire shop and they swap the tires, balance them and align them all for $79. I then store my all season tires where I stored my winter tires. I know some people who have the space like to have a different set of tires and rims, so that they can just take off their summer set and bolt on their winter set whenever they want to, but I don't have the money or space to do that. I hope I was able to help and would be more than glad to respond to any questions you may have!


Question: Why do some drains (toilet) need to be covered while others (shower) don’t?

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 Why do some drains (toilet) need to be covered while others (shower) don’t?

When a toilet is properly installed, sewage gas is blocked from coming up the drain by the toilet, but when the toilet is removed temporarily, that blockage is also removed. Sinks have a U-shaped pipe beneath the drain, which remains filled with runoff water, blocking sewage gas. Showers have a similar U-shaped pipe in their drains.


Question: Why is it we know we have forgotten something, but we cant remember what it is that we forgot?

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 Why is it we know we have forgotten something, but we cant remember what it is that we forgot?

Our brains store information by association. Think of it as a tree, each branch has other branches. To get to one piece of information you have to traverse the other branches that lead to it. This is why listening to music or the smell of a particular perfume will remind you of old events. The music or perfume is connected via branches to things in your past, well, everything is but this is a prominent example. Sometimes we forget things, but we remember things related to it in the same set of branches. So if you have a "tip of the tongue" moment your brain might be traversing the branches it used to take but the final branch has been forgotten. E.g., Brain looks up "words that begin with G and are related to deserts", to try to fetch the memory. The problem is, whilst the path to the memory might still exist the memory itself could have been deleted. So you think you remember the word "gateau" because all the connections are there but you actually forgot! You think you remember but you don't because you remember related things. Unlike a tree though the brain can have multiple branches leading to the same memory. If you really want to remember something create as many associations as you can. I've written all of this and forgotten the original question so I hope I've answered it. On mobile so I can't check! 😅 Edit: I answered a slightly different question but I think the same principle applies. You had a connection from "things I have to remember" to the thing, but the thing was forgotten whilst you still have a connection that says "remember to x" instead of "remember to thing". Does that make sense?


Question: How do orbits of planets and celestial bodies work?

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 How do orbits of planets and celestial bodies work?

It’s because of gravity that we have the orbits we have. Newton’s first law says that an object in motion tends to stay in motion (at a constant velocity) unless acted upon by an outside source. The earth for example wants to continue moving in a straight line at around kilometers per second. But the earth is being affected by the suns gravitational pull. The sun is pulling earth towards it or you can think of it as the earth is falling towards the sun. It just so happens that because the earth is moving so fast that it “misses” the sun as it falls. It keeps falling and keeps missing the sun. If it continues to do this without really getting any closer to the sun, it’s called a stable orbit. Some object fall and miss the sun but each time they fall they get closer and closer to the sun. This is a decaying orbit, and they will eventually burn up or fall into the sun. It may take hundreds or thousands or tens of thousands of years because of how far away it is, but it will eventually happen.


Question: how do we measure the height of mountains?

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 how do we measure the height of mountains?

One way is geometry. Stand in a spot and measure the angle to the top. Now you know two angles and a side of a right triangle (the angle to the top from where you're standing, the default 90 degree angle of a right triangle, and the length of the side that is the distance from you to the mountain). Then you can calculate the height of the triangle which is the height of the mountain. Keep in mind this only gives you the height to the top relative to where you're standing, so if you want the height of the mountain relative to sea level you have to know how high above sea level you're measuring from.


Question: How do wealthy people benefit from charitable donations?

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 How do wealthy people benefit from charitable donations?

Yes, the donation is bigger. However that is true of all tax write offs because we don’t have a greater than 100% tax rate. Lets say you are rich and you want to hang out with other rich people so you donate to a charity and that charity throws a party for all the donors. At that party you meet someone who can make you richer. You paid the $1 but you got social credit, business contacts, community, etc. Where it gets really dicey is when you create your own charity some sort foundation you name after yourself. Then you donate too it and hire your kids to run it. Now instead giving them money which would go against your gift tax allotment and give you no benefit. You get a deduction on it.


Question: Why the US severed the link between the dollar and gold in 1971?

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 Why the US severed the link between the dollar and gold in 1971?

The gold standard means, that the paper money in circulation in a given country is backed up by gold reserves. The advantage of this practice is, that the exchange rate between currencies is predetermined by the gold backing up the local currencies, thereby promoting trade between countries, as the risks of a volatile exchange rate is eliminated. However, this perk comes at a price. If your country has a net trade deficit, you will "leak" gold from your country into other national economies. This leakage of gold will, due to the gold standard, lead to a shrinking monetary supply and deflation. As deflation is bad news for an economy, countries need to constrain trade to prevent a trade deficit, which counters the very idea of promoting free trade which lead to the inception of the gold standard. Abandoning the gold standard gives countries the power to control their own supply of money, thereby regulating deflation and inflation.


Question: why does the point of a laser look pixelated when spread out?

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 why does the point of a laser look pixelated when spread out?

The thing about laser light that makes it special is that it's 'coherent', which means it's all coming out of the emitter at the same frequency and phase. But once it leaves the emitting element, it passes through some stuff. First, usually, a little bit of transparent plastic which is part of the laser diode package. Then, possibly, a bit of glass or plastic optics meant to bend or focus the light. Then some air. Each of these transitions bends the light beam a little. This means that different photons might be leaving the same spot on the emitter, and landing on the same spot on the wall (or whatever) but they travelled along different paths in between. If those paths are not exactly the same length, then that means the photons are no longer guaranteed to be in phase with each other. If they are in phase, then they interfere constructively and are brightly visible. If they are out of phase, then they interfere destructively and will cancel each other out. [a little diagram of how constructive and destructive interference works]( URL_1 ) The speckled, mottled pattern you see around a laser pointer dot, is the result of those photons following slightly different paths and messily interfering with one another. That principle - light from a single source travelling different paths and interfering with itself - is basically the same phenomenon they were exploiting in the [Michelson-Morley experiment,]( URL_0 ) which demonstrated some important facts about the speed of light and helped to confirm Einstein's theory of relativity.


Question: How did countries like Hungary manage to fix their hyperinflation while Venezuela is still dealing with it after 10 years eventhough Hungary had it was worse in terms of inflation?

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 How did countries like Hungary manage to fix their hyperinflation while Venezuela is still dealing with it after 10 years eventhough Hungary had it was worse in terms of inflation?

Hungary solved its crisis by abandoning the Pengo (old currency) in favor of the forint (new currency). They basically started over. The conversion rate was like 1 forint for every 400,000 quadrillion Pengo. This is obviously not an easy thing to do, and Venesuala has held out hope so far that it won't be neccessary.


Question: "When we iron clothes, we usually spray water on the article to make ironing easier. Why does spraying water on clothes make them easier to iron?"

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 "When we iron clothes, we usually spray water on the article to make ironing easier. Why does spraying water on clothes make them easier to iron?"

**Water/Steam with ironing** The irons you're referring to are steam irons, which spray "steam" into the article of clothing whilst it's being ironed. This is because the steam permeates the fibres of the clothing *(Spreads the fibres out)* and then the heat from the iron then makes those fibres stay in place. **How does ironing smooth out creases?** Irons loosen the bonds between the polymer molecules in the fibres of the material, the molecules get excited when they get hot and the weight of the iron straightens them out, and they then hold their shape when they cool down.


Question: How come when phone screens break, they are still completely functional and readable, but when computer monitors or TVs break, they can no longer display the correct colors?

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 How come when phone screens break, they are still completely functional and readable, but when computer monitors or TVs break, they can no longer display the correct colors?

To explain it simply...when you break a monitor, you're breaking the screen directly. When you're breaking a phone screen for the most part, it's like breaking a glass panel placed over the monitor rather than the monitor itself. The glass is there for structural rigidity and to protect the LCD as LCDs are very, *very* fragile and break easily. So the glass takes the hit rather than the LCD, and breaks. Bonus trivia: Usually the digitizer (the thing that tells the phone that you're touching in a certain area) is laid over the LCD (and under the glass) and thus that's why even if a phone is cracked the touch screen still works fine. If you actually pulled off the glass entirely touch would still work okay but the display itself is as fragile an eggshell so the glass is there for structural support. Notable exceptions to this are some LG phones that seem to have the digitizers integrated into the *glass*, so when they break, touch no longer works.


Question: What is the fundamental difference between how light, sound and gamma rays travel through the vacuum of space?

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 What is the fundamental difference between how light, sound and gamma rays travel through the vacuum of space?

For one, gamma rays and light travel the same way since they are essentially the same thing. It's the equivalent of asking how light and blue light travel. Sound is just a pressure wave. Think of a tightly packed crowd of people. If one person shoves someone, they will bump into the person in front of them, and so on. Light is.... well, someone else should answer that.


Question: Why do houses make creaking noises at night for no apparent reason?

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 Why do houses make creaking noises at night for no apparent reason?

It's impossible to say what the cause is in your house specifically, but there's a few things that could be going on here. Note that it's likely that the same creaking sounds are being made during the daytime, too, but there's more going on and more other noises - at night, it's quieter, so you're more likely to hear and notice them. If you're in an area where it's cold, it's colder at night. This may cause sounds as moisture in the house itself gets colder or freezes, and as the ground freezes and causes things to shift. Wind may cause the house to shift slightly and make creaking noises. A burglar or murderer may be slowly sneaking through your house, causing creaking noises as he/she steps on creaky boards. Point is, there's a lot of little things that can cause structures to shift; the ambient sounds that're always there are going to be more noticeable when you're more able to focus on them.


Question: How do humans forget to breathe at times?

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 How do humans forget to breathe at times?

/u/riotshields is correct that the key she was getting at was to avoid gagging. to answer your question about forgetting to breathe though, you can't really forget. it's an involuntary activity. this is why you still breathe when you're asleep. now, there *are* obviously things that can make your body fail to trigger the signals to breathe. some of the more common ones are opioids and anesthetics. if someone has had these in their system we either breathe for them (intubation/put a bag over their mouth and force air in) or, in rarer cases can tell them to breathe. it's rare that you can effectively tell someone to breathe because these people are usually too sedated to listen to you. but it happens, for example heroin addicts who are found almost needing mouth to mouth but if you keep waking them up and telling them to breathe you can buy enough time to give antidotes/get them to hospital


Question: Why large store chains closing down?

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 Why large store chains closing down?

Retail has always been a challenging business due to cash flow issues for maintaining inventory, selecting the correct inventory, etc. Certainly eCommerce has hurt a great deal... both because people choose it out of convenience and also because it allows for easy price comparison shopping. It cuts down on margins and means stores have to be more competitive on pricing as well as experience. Those that are failing also fall into a middle ground where they are neither discount nor luxury. Shoppers used to stick to particular chains based on socioeconomic class — you were Wal-Mart people, JC Penny people, Nordstrom people, etc. Now people trade up and down all the time in particular categories. So those who would’ve shopped at high end stores might buy their work suits there but buy cheap workout clothes at Wal-Mart. The lower income person who loves to cook might splurge on luxury cookware while shopping dollar stores for everything else. And due to cash limitations, chains like Sears, K-Mart and JC Penny haven’t invested in modernizing stores or category mix to entice shoppers in. They feel dated and depressing so people don’t want to shop there. They are more costly than all out discounters and frumpier than quick fashion places like H & M, etc. or outlet store options. They don’t offer the glamor or style of high end places. They don’t offer the prices of Home Depot or national electronics/appliance retailers.


Question: Why are animals able to maintain good dental health despite lack of cleaning unlike humans?

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 Why are animals able to maintain good dental health despite lack of cleaning unlike humans?

For a number of reasons. They don't eat refined sugar. Refined sugar feeds a lot of bacteria which then cause tooth decay. They eat uncooked food. This food is tougher and rougher and naturally scrapes teeth clean. There are animals which also produce a number of sets of teeth throughout their lives and others in which their adult teeth keep growing.


Question: What is a mathematical "Ring"?

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 What is a mathematical "Ring"?

Ignoring the details of exactly which properties we require each to have, you can think of groups, rings and fields like this: - A group has one operation and its inverse, which we'll think of as addition and subtraction. - A ring adds a second operation which interacts "nicely" with the first, but the second operation need not have an inverse. We'll think of the second operation as multiplication. - A field also has an inverse for the second operation (except that you can't divide by zero). So the natural numbers aren't a group under addition (you can't guarantee that subtracting two natural numbers gives another natural number), and therefore they're not a ring either. Moving up to the integers gives you a ring, but not a field (dividing two integers may not give you another integer). The rational numbers form a field, since you can always divide two rational numbers and get another.


Question: How come if atoms are around 90% empty space in volume, yet solid matters are not transparent?

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 How come if atoms are around 90% empty space in volume, yet solid matters are not transparent?

I mean if you grab a magnifying glass and look at the screen you are reading this off of, you have thousands of tiny pixels separated in space which when displayed in the density that they are, and at the distance from you that they are, appear to be 100% completely filled in solid color. The gaps between "stuff" are only relevant if the observer is on a size scale that can meaningfully see those gaps. Transparent would suggest that the light would just travel through an object, never obstructed. While light could get a decent distance unobstructed, the number of atoms light would have to conveniently "not hit" is far too many for transparency to be possible.


Question: How can we look at the sun easily when it's rising/setting but hurts our eyes when we look at it at noon?

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 How can we look at the sun easily when it's rising/setting but hurts our eyes when we look at it at noon?

Simply put: Atmosphere. At high noon, theres some 80-100km of atmosphere between you and the sun. A good amount, but it doesnt refract much. However, the closer the sun is to the horizon, the more atmosphere is between you and the sun, and im talking on the scale of several hundred or thousand kilometers here (Which, btw, is why its color shifts to red on those positions, as the earths atmosphere scatters red the least, so thats most of the color that our eyes pick up) and as a result, a lot less of the suns light arrives in your eyes, because most of it is just being scattered around.


Question: Why do games running on emulators still have the same performance issues as they had on their original console?

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 Why do games running on emulators still have the same performance issues as they had on their original console?

Because it emulates the original hardware, including it's limitations and speed, and every bug, glitch, and whatever else. It actually takes quite a bit of processing power to emulate chips in software. The emulator actually emulates every chip in the original system, down to the single transistor, so it actually takes quite a bit of power to do that. Even the best computer will only emulate at the original limitations of the hardware on purpose. However a slower system can and will show a reduction in frame rates and slowness if it can't keep up with the emulation.


Question: Why does boiling water remove some contaminants?

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 Why does boiling water remove some contaminants?

Many natural toxins, and virtually all natural organisms capable of producing toxins, die at boiling water temperature. The heat denatures proteins, disrupts most organic molecules, and general screws up all the chemical reactions that make life work, so it tends to render water safe(er) to drink. It doesn't \*remove\* the material, the atoms are still there, but it converts the molecules to forms that aren't harmful to us. Simple poisons, like cyanide, and many industrial chemicals like fertilizer, aren't inactivated by heat, so this method isn't foolproof, but in a survival situation you're probably not dealing with industrial pollution, you're dealing with natural bugs and their toxins. And boiling is nearly foolproof for that.


Question: How do they get such crazy footage for nature documentaries?

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</answer>
 How do they get such crazy footage for nature documentaries?

Lots of options, helicopters and cameras, land vehicles and long lenses, stationary cameras left behind for a period of time without people around, or a normal photographer and patience. Wildlife photographers spend their lives learning to read animals and know how to just hang out at a distance and be non threatening until animals come closer. Wildlife photography is lots of long hours, patience, years of experience guiding your actions or approaches and lots of luck. There are lots of examples like this, URL_0


Question: What are those floating bacteria like things that appear in the human eye?

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 What are those floating bacteria like things that appear in the human eye?

My optometrist JUST told me this the other day. He said when you've been using your eyes for an extended period of time, the fluid in your eyes start to clump. So if you ever 'see' little hazy organisms floating around, that's typically what that is. I think that is what you're referring to.


Question: Why does doing good things for someone make you feel good in turn?

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 Why does doing good things for someone make you feel good in turn?

Humans are social animals, and most of us like to do good things. When we do good things we get rewarded with a rush of dopamine, which is what makes us feel good. That's the biology of it. The psychology of feeling good has to do with empathy, sympathy, and compassion. We do good because it feels good.


Question: Why can’t we see/feel the earth spinning? Is anything effected that we don’t easily notice?

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 Why can’t we see/feel the earth spinning? Is anything effected that we don’t easily notice?

> why dont we feel the earth spinning. We cant feel velocity, because velocity alone doesn't create a force. In order for us to be able to feel something it has to have an acceleration. Its like when your in a car going a constant speed, and you dont feel like your moving until you either speed up or slow down. Its the acceleration that you feel. > are there any signs of impact. Yes, but not ones that are really noticeable to a human. When objects rotate there is actually an outward acceleration. With something as slowly turning as the earth however this acceleration is only roughly .03 m/s/s at the equator. Compared to the standard 9.8 m/s/s acceleration caused by gravity this slight change in force is pretty much impossible to notice without calibrated machines. This slight variance in force however also causes our earth to not be perfectly round, making the poles slightly closer to the center of the earth than the equator.


Question: What does clearing cache and cookies do?

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 What does clearing cache and cookies do?

Cookies are little files stored by websites. They contain information that the site has to temporarily leave in your computer, like the fact that you are logged in or that you have closed the cookie prompt or your personal preferences sometimes, if you are not logged in on YouTube for example, it uses cookies to remember what videos you watched and give you suggestions based on it. Cache is temporary memory used to load sites that you have already visited or that you visit often faster. When either of those get corrupted, it may make some sites load not like they are supposed to. In such cases, cleaning your cookies and cache might fix it. *I’m not an expert though, correct me if I said something wrong.* Look it up on Wikipedia if you want to learn more about them: [HTTP cookie]( URL_1 ), [web cache]( URL_0 )


Question: Magnetic pole flip? What happens?

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 Magnetic pole flip? What happens?

The reversal of the Earth's magnetic field is a recurring phenomenon in Earth's geological history, the magnetic north pole moving to the geographic south pole, and vice versa. It is the result of a disturbance of the stability of the core of the Earth. The magnetic field then panics for a short period (1000 to 10,000 years) during which the magnetic poles move rapidly over the entire surface of the globe, or disappear, depending on the theories. & #x200B; During this transition, the magnetic field is very weak and the surface of the planet can be exposed to the solar wind, potentially dangerous for living organisms. If this were to happen today, many technologies using the magnetic field could also be affected. & #x200B; At the end of this transition period, either the magnetic poles return to their initial positions, it is then only a matter of a geomagnetic excursion, or they permute and one then speaks of inversion. & #x200B; The earth's field has reversed about 300 times in the past 200 million years. The last reversal was 780,000 years ago and the last excursion 33,000 years ago, no one knows when the next will happen.


Question: Assuming you don’t have a food allergy, what causes a person to bloat after eating?

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 Assuming you don’t have a food allergy, what causes a person to bloat after eating?

Certain foods*, are difficult to digest and can cause gas, bloating, and diarrhea. The most common culprit is wheat like bread and pasta, but things like garlic, onions, and beans too. Also, some medical conditions such as celiac disease are not "food allergies" in the sense that they will show up on a skin or scratch test, but can be diagnosed with other types of tests! Basically, if you find that a certain food leads to bloating, speak to your doctor right away! *FODMAPS (Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-saccharides And Polyols)


Question: How does inflation work? And how do business know when to adjust their prices to that? I guess banks don't shout out:"We just printed another 1b$ that will be in circulation soon, so make sure to increase your prices accordingly"?

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 How does inflation work? And how do business know when to adjust their prices to that? I guess banks don't shout out:"We just printed another 1b$ that will be in circulation soon, so make sure to increase your prices accordingly"?

To understand inflation, you first need to understand the difference between money/currency & wealth. We create wealth all of the time. Let's say you pay $1 million to mine materials out of the ground & you sell those materials for a profit. That profit is new wealth that you created. Then someone could buy a bunch of materials & pay workers to create a product that they'll also sell with a profit, creating even more wealth. We create wealth with human work (physical or intellectual) & from natural resources. Now, if you continue to create wealth, but your amount of currency stays the same, then the value of that currency will increase. People will want to trade more currency than there is, so currency will become rare & the value of that currency will increase over time. That's deflation & it's bad because it becomes more profitable to keep your money rather than invest it. And without investment, you can't create as much wealth. So, the solution is to print more currency as wealth increases in your country. The ideal goal would be to print the exact amount of currency as your country creates in new wealth. The problem is that it's hard to estimate the exact amount of wealth that'll be created, so you can't print the exact amount of currency you need. The value of your currency depends on the law of supply & demand. Your production of currency is the supply of that currency. And the amount of wealth you create is the demand. If you over-produce your currency, then you have a higher supply, so your demand/the value of your currency decreases over time. If you under-produce your currency, then it's what's said above: you'll have a lower supply of currency than the demand (wealth), so your currency will increase in value. So, now you have a choice. You know you can't produce the exact right amount of currency, so you can either over-produce currency, which creates inflation, or under-produce currency, which leads to deflation. The solution is that a little bit of inflation is better than a little bit of deflation, because a little bit of deflation still incentivizes people to keep their money, while a little bit of inflation incentivizes people to invest their money, & investment is an engine of economic growth.


Question: Why does the visible light spectrum appear cyclic to the human eye if the spectrum is based on specific linear wavelengths of light?

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 Why does the visible light spectrum appear cyclic to the human eye if the spectrum is based on specific linear wavelengths of light?

It doesn't appear cyclic to the human eye. It appears cyclic to the human *brain*. Our eyes can detect 3 "regions" of color: red, green, and blue. If we detect some combinations of those, we typically perceive that as an "in-between" color. For example, orange light stimulates both the red and green sensing cells in our eyes. So stimulating the red and green cells is what we perceive as "orange". And, interestingly, if we just use red and green light (no orange light), we can stimulate those cells exactly the same as orange light, and so we still see orange. In fact, that's the basis for how computer and phone displays work: They only emit red, green, and blue light, and our brains perceive combinations of those as other colors. But here comes the strangeness! What happens when you stimulate the red and blue cells in the eye with red and blue light? Well, your first guess is that we should perceive the color that is "in between" red and blue on the spectrum. But that color is green, and we're specifically *not* stimulating the green-detecting cells in our eyes. However, your brain isn't really capable of seeing it as two different colors (red and blue) simultaneously, so it invents a new color! Purple! That's right, purple, the color that allows our sense of the spectrum to be cyclical, *isn't a real color*. There is no such thing as a purple photon of light. Purple can *only* be perceived by the human brain as a side effect of the limitations of our visual system.


Question: Is fire made up of something the same way as water is made up of a bunch of water molecules. Are there fire molecules?

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 Is fire made up of something the same way as water is made up of a bunch of water molecules. Are there fire molecules?

Fire is a chemical reaction in progress. So it's a mix of fuel, air, non-combustibles material that may be mixed with the fuel, and the products leftover after the fuel has been burned, smoke particles, etc. This releases energy in the form of heat and light, releases gasses, some of which will also burn. The flame you can see made of is hot gasses that are emitting light and heat, but if they were removed from the flame you wouldn't have a fire, just some hot gas molecules.


Question: Why do batteries seem to "recharge" ever so slightly when not in use?

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 Why do batteries seem to "recharge" ever so slightly when not in use?

A battery is in simple terms, some metal that is involved in a chemical reaction which frees up electrons. This process causes the metal to corrode, serving as the chemical energy source of the battery. The specific vary by battery chemistry and layout, but the corrosion can flake off to reveal fresh metal or some other reaction can occur that clears up the electrolyte enough to work a little more. In short, batteries are chemicals reactions that cause physical change, so various things can happen. Be careful playing with them. [Electrochemistry: Crash Course Chemistry #36]( URL_0 ) 9 minutes


Question: When people die in hospitals, who deals with the body and what is done with it?

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 When people die in hospitals, who deals with the body and what is done with it?

This depends on locality, relations and family, situation and in what manner the person died. Depending on where you are, what religion you follow and what your preferences were made before you died, you're body is first left up to your immediate family to deal with. Generally, people who have a Written or Living Will, have already predetermined how their body is to be disposed of or interred, or incinerated. If the person is an organ doner, this will be taken care of before the body is released to the family. In the case that family is not present or unable to make decisions, the bodies are generally cremated by default, as burials are typically expensive, ranging in the thousands of dollars. If the person in question has died by some communicable disease or suffered from something like Smallpox or Anthrax, the body may be quarantined until deemed safe to handle, or cremated without consent as a safety precaution. This depends on WAAAAY too many factors to describe here however.


Question: Why are coastlines oftentimes self-similar fractals?

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 Why are coastlines oftentimes self-similar fractals?

Coastlines aren't self-similar. Self-similarity is an easy way to construct a fractal, but not all fractals need to be self-similar. In mathematics you're simply more likely to encounter self-similar fractals as it's way easier to describe them or work with them in a proof. Fractal itself just means a shape that doesn't stop being "bumby", no matter how much you zoom into it.