Question: Why does it take so much speed to go into outer space? Could we just build a elevator out of steel cables and pull ourselves to space?

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 Why does it take so much speed to go into outer space? Could we just build a elevator out of steel cables and pull ourselves to space?

Yes. The notion of building a space elevator has been around since the pulp science fiction of the 40s. Problem is the material science hasn't been there. So lets suppose you want to want to build a space elevator. You need a space station at the other end to anchor the cable. No problem, we know how to do that, even get it to orbit at the same angular rate as the surface of the earth (geosynchronous) so the cable stays vertical. Problem is the weight of the cable would pull the station out of orbit real quick. So now we have to counter weight the cable between earth and station with an equal mass out beyond the cable. Ok, no problem, just make the cable twice as long and let it play out with the station halfway. So, geosynchronous orbit is 35k kms out there. So our cable needs to be 70k kms long. The stresses on a cable that length would be _tremendous_... and so far we don't have a material strong enough to make the cable out of.


Question: why is Africa so underdeveloped?

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 why is Africa so underdeveloped?

Soil. The TLDR version is, soil. Most of africa is not fertile and cannot be used for agriculture. This led to humans maintaining a hunter gatherer lifestyle. Separate, and disparate. People in europe and north africa did have fertile land, and they all moved in, created cities, pooled resources and knowledge, and made advances. It’s all about agriculture, so it’s all about soil. Lots of people in one place leads to ‘development’. Most of Africa cannot support those large communities.


Question: In word processing software, why is the option to create a pdf file always so far removed from the regular 'save' option (e.g. somewhere on the print menu)?

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 In word processing software, why is the option to create a pdf file always so far removed from the regular 'save' option (e.g. somewhere on the print menu)?

It has mostly to do with software licensing and ownership. Adobe owned the PDF proprietary format until 2008, when it was released as an open standard. Other companies prefer you use their own proprietary formats so in their own self interest, make it not so convenient to publish to PDF, since in years past they would have to pay Adobe to read and write that format, and may still see Adobe as a competitor in document creation and management solutions.


Question: What exactly is a Puppet state?

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 What exactly is a Puppet state?

It's really simple. When two country are allies one and the other are considered at the same level and everything on or the other does is their own decision. When a country has "dominance" over another it's called a puppet state or puppet country. which means that the country whether it's a kingdom, democracy,... looks the same from the outside but an external power makes the decision for that state. During the cold war many european countries were considered the "puppet states" of the Soviet Union.


Question: why do some lights take a long time to turn on?

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 why do some lights take a long time to turn on?

Most of the time it is because part need to get heated up to emit light and it can take time. Florescent tube need hot filament on each end and they do not heat up that fast. LED lamps do not need to get hot and incandescent have a small filament that heat up fast but other types can have larger part that you need to warm up. & #x200B; The rate can be limited so they can hear up more evenly and slowly to reduce the amount of stress induced in the material. Thing that get hot expand and to have long life and many cycles of use it is better to heat them ut slower and more evenly. We care most of the time about efficiency and life of a lamp not the speed it light up at. If it is important you choose a light that turn on fast. & #x200B; & #x200B;


Question: Does having more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increase plant growth? Why or why not?

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 Does having more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increase plant growth? Why or why not?

To ELI5. Yes, it's possible, but not a huge factor in increasing terrestrial plant growth. If you had as much food as you wanted, but only a little water, it wouldn't help you to be given extra food. The CO2 is the food in this example. Other resources (like, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc) are usually far more limited in the environment. So plant growth is going to be limited by other factors. Additionally, plants can only make their food through photosynthesis efficiently in a specific temperature range. So as the global temperature increases, it becomes much harder for plants to make their food without accidentally losing their water in the process. Some plants get around this (C4 plants, CAM plants), but they are already adapted to hot, dry conditions.


Question: Would the scheme shown in "The Producers," wherein the main characters produce an intentional flop so they can pocket the excess money left over from production, actually have worked?

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 Would the scheme shown in "The Producers," wherein the main characters produce an intentional flop so they can pocket the excess money left over from production, actually have worked?

Probably. The idea in the Producers was that they oversold shares of their show - they had dozens of people who all "bought" 50% of the show and would be entitled to 50% of the profits if the show was successful. They then put on the show for next to nothing (reducing the amount that they spent) but kept books that claimed they spent a whole lot more than they actually did and had a whole lot less investment than they actually had. Had the show failed, they would have presented the fake books to the IRS to show that they lost money on the producing the show so they wouldn't have taxes to pay. The investors would just write off their investment, since no amount of investigation would make the show successful (thus getting their investment back); they could have also had another set of fraudulent books to show investors if they really were curious where the money went. In his case, people would just write off the loss and move on, leaving Bialystok & Bloom to take their $2M and go to RIO! Now, this would probably be _harder_ to pull of these days, as the IRS has electronic record keeping that can track the investments and expenditure (possibly raising a flag that there was way more investment claimed as a loss than the show actually reported) but in the 1940's when this show was set, it is doubtful that anyone would have noticed (certainly not before B & B escaped the country)


Question: What happens financially when a concert is cancelled for medical issues?

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 What happens financially when a concert is cancelled for medical issues?

I have a friend that was a lawyer for the management of a major venue, so I can give you a possible answer, but not a complete one. The short answer is: it depends. Every time there is a performance somewhere, there are a series of contracts between the artist/management, the venue and 'others' including the promoter, support, security, etc. The contracts are kinda similar from a high level, but can vary wildly in their details. Who is responsible for 'what' when a concert is cancelled depends on what these contracts say. For tiny performers and tiny venues, the performer/management bears most of the responsibility. Once you get into bigger shows/festivals, there is a whole additional layer of complexity. Many times, but certainly not all, the promoter can bear the brunt of the costs initially, but depending on the contract, the artist/management may have some financial liability and/or have to do a make up date. Also layered on top of this is that for a major concert/festival, there is almost certainly going to be several layers of insurance coverage.


Question: Why is it much more difficult to lift 5 kg weights than carry an 8kilo baby?

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 Why is it much more difficult to lift 5 kg weights than carry an 8kilo baby?

Its not. You are not lifting them in the same way. To lift a baby you use two hands, and you do not try to isolate working muscle. And once you lift it you keep it close to you, it will also probably try to hang on to you. When you lift 5kg weight e.g. using you biceps, you are making it difficult on purpose. You want to target only this muscle. Its not the most effective way to carry something, its the best way to fatigue and grow your muscle.


Question: What are plus minus sign used for?

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 What are plus minus sign used for?

Nine of my friends and I decided to drive cross-country, from my house in LA to a friend's mom's place in NYC. We went in three separate cars, and took almost identical routes. Car 1 traveled 2800 miles. Car 2 traveled 2795 miles. Car 3 traveled 2805 miles. It's not wrong to say that the distance between LA and NYC is 2800 miles exactly, but it isn't right either, is it? This is when the ± sign comes in handy - it can be used to denote the margin of error. Since each car would have had some tiny deviations from the exact same paths followed by the other two cars, the most accurate way to describe the distance between LA and NYC (in this example) would be to write it as 2800 ± 5 miles, meaning the actual distance is expected to be anything between 2795 and 2805 miles. The range comes about because of an inadvertent error in measurement.


Question: What is risk premium for a stock?

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 What is risk premium for a stock?

Beta is a systemic risk measure. It's calculated by comparing the stock's past performance to the overall market's past performance. A stock with Beta=1 goes up and down as much as the market overall. A low Beta stock moves less; it the market goes up 10% and the stock goes 5% it would have a beta of 0.5 . Similarly, a high Beta stock is more volatile than the market. CML and SML are related to the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) methodology.


Question: When we get sick, why does our throat randomly get sore overnight?

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 When we get sick, why does our throat randomly get sore overnight?

Normally your body does a good job of getting rid of your everyday bacterial infections. You might have several colonies of harmful bacteria thriving inside your body but you won't even notice. However, when your immunity system is busy dealing with a widespread viral outbreak, like the flu, bacteria might take advantage. To deal with throat infection I recommend mouthwash. Once you feel your throat getting dry/sore, that's the bacteria settling in. Apply mouthwash several times to get rid of them. It will be over before it becomes a real nuisance.


Question: How do our ears determine the location of a noise?

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 How do our ears determine the location of a noise?

Sounds take time to travel from one place to another. Our ears are always in two places with a fixed distance between them and the shape of the ear also slightly modifies the sound based on the direction it is coming from (the same sound will seem different if it is in front of you, beside you, or behind you). Your brain can both measure the difference in time between when the sound reached each ear, and the difference in pitch, timber, and amplitude, in each ear. It then uses that information to calculate (triangulate) where the sound came from. Your brain has other tricks it uses, too, based on your learning and experience over time. Such as learning if a sound is passing through (or bouncing off) one material or another... Metallic sounds are different from wooden sounds, etc. So, your brain can make assumptions about where in the environment a sound might have come from based on queues like that... That's how you know that one bang came from the basement when the other one came from the attic.


Question: Why does a heart beat twice?

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 Why does a heart beat twice?

A heart "beat" is actually a few processes happening at once. The first process is the top part of the heart (atria) contracting to fill the bottom part (ventricles). The top part squeezes blood through the tricuspid and mitral valves into their respective ventricles. These valves close and the second stage begins. The ventricles begin squeezing and then the aortic and pulmonic valves open allowing blood to exit. These valves close and the process begins again.


Question: What is the difference between an MRI, a CT, and a PET scan?

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 What is the difference between an MRI, a CT, and a PET scan?

All three are ways of diagnosing diseases within the body. We've covered them like this in training, but I'm just a therapist and obviously don't work with these things.. The MRI is based on powerful magnetic fields and radio frequency pulses. Imagine if you will your body which is mostly made up of water molecules, as we all know. These molecules consist of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. In the middle of each hydrogen atom you've got the proton. They work like tiny magnets and are sensitive to magnetic fields. You lie down under the magnet scanners and all of your protons just naturally line up the same way, just like small magnetic particles do when they are under influence of a stronger magnetic pull. What the radio waves do then is that they knock those protons out of their just achieved alignment by causing a temporary magnetic disturbance. As soon as the radio waves are turned off, your protons realign. That in turn sends out radio signals which will be picked dup by the scanner. Thus, MRIs can provide you with extremely detailed pictures of basically every structure in your body. Differences between normal tissue and abnormal, like cancer, is often clearer on MRI. It is bloody loud, though.. From the images I've seen I think MRIs are better for soft tissue and CTs better for bones, even though they both portray each of these. The CT scan uses x-rays, but on a higher level than your normal xray. Your body or just parts of it go into this sort of doughnut shaped machine. It's relatively silent while you get scanned. Unlike the normal xray, the CT scans different layers all at once. The rays basically cut your body into very thin layers and take lots of pictures while scanning, so they can spot densities and tissues inside a solid organ. The images compared to the MRI, especially when it comes to tissue, are not always as clear though The PET scan uses a certain so called tracer that is swallowed, inhaled, or injected to your bloodstream. These tracers move through your body or just parts of it, depending on what is getting checked. Some organs or tissues absorb the tracer. Like for example cancer cells which thrive on sugar, which is why some tracers are liquids with glucose in them. These organs basically light up on the screen. Every organ and tissue usually absorbs a bit of the tracer in any case, but where the intensity is the highest, doctors can see if there actually is a problem or. Disease or not judging by the amount absorbed.


Question: how do people make those rewritten games? like club penguin and toon town. how do they get access to the files and stuff?

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 how do people make those rewritten games? like club penguin and toon town. how do they get access to the files and stuff?

Data scraping If you are accessing the game, you are usually processing almost all of the data on your computer - it's faster and cheaper for the companies to do it that way. You can just scrape that data. Sometimes the data is in unique formats but once yiu understand the structure you can usually scrape anything client-side and remake anything missing yourself


Question: Why is pi irrational ?

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 Why is pi irrational ?

A number is irrational if you can't write it as one integer divided by another (4/5, 3/7, etc.) The *proof* that pi can't be written this way is pretty hard to ELI5, but the very-general, very-vague outline goes as follows: * Let's pretend we're in a world where pi **is** rational * Then those two integers I just talked about do exist * Look at this fancy formula I created using those two numbers. By the way, it has some fancy properties. * Uh-oh. Those fancy properties means there must be an integer that's still positive but less than 1. That's clearly wrong. * Hm... our reasoning must have gone wrong somewhere, but where? * The only thing we didn't justify was that pi is rational, so we must have been wrong from the start. * Therefore pi is irrational


Question: What is the reason behind having a memory of something that is totally useless?

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 What is the reason behind having a memory of something that is totally useless?

We've had similar questions to this before. The TL;DR: here is that the brain is *incredibly inefficient* at sorting and indexing memories. Our brain is not a computer or a database; there's no actual system for memories. Memories are simply synaptic connections, and the stronger the connections, the stronger the memory. This is why reading something, writing it down and saying it out loud helps you recall it later (because you've just made it go through three different pathways). Sometimes you experience something that already has strong connections. That reinforces that memory. So getting in the car while listening to a song you like, or while the sun's hitting you just right, or when you smell cookies, can reinforce that memory. Furthermore, you have three kinds of memory. Most people know about long-term and short-term, but there's also sensory memory - this is a very, very short-term (2-5 *seconds*) memory of *everything you are sensing right now*. Again, strong connections affect which of those goes to your working memory (short term) and eventually long term. Also note that while our brain doesn't have an innate sorting mechanism, *you can train yourself to have one*. Anyone can make their memory more efficient.


Question: Why do planets in the solar system orbit the sun in almost the same axis?

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 Why do planets in the solar system orbit the sun in almost the same axis?

When the solar system was forming, it was made out of gas, and at some point the gas started spinning. Gravity caused the gas to continue to spin, and over time, particle collisions canceled out upward and downward spin, resulting in a single flat disk of gas that was spinning in the same direction. That planets formed out of this disk, which is why they spin the same way.


Question: is the speed of electricity and the speed of light the same thing?

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 is the speed of electricity and the speed of light the same thing?

Almost. Current passing through a medium travels at a rate given by its "velocity factor," which is anywhere from 0.5*c* to 0.99*c* depending on what the wire is made of. Copper wire is like 0.95*c*. So the current travels very close to, but not quite at, the speed of light. Interestingly enough the electrons themselves do not travel very fast at all. It's the wave that travels near the speed of light. You can imagine the electrons in the wire as a bunch of people who are packed together very tightly in a line, and someone at the back shoves the person in front of him. The "Shove" is going to travel really quickly up the line, even though the people themselves don't travel very far or very fast.


Question: how do android apps collect data after we deny them permissions ?

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 how do android apps collect data after we deny them permissions ?

1. After skimming TFA, it seems that these apps work around not being allowed to access location data by doing things like reading the location tags in photos if they have access to those or using GeoIP-like databases to locate the phone's IP address when connecting via Wi-Fi. Others simply scan through files where other programs that *have* the relevant permission store the stuff they want to know if they are in a location the malicious program can access. 2. It does just what it says it does: When a program wants to e.g. read your location, it asks the operating system "Hey, what's our current location?". This will either result in an actual location or a "nope, you're not allowed to know that" (or a prompt to the user of which of those two to send). But that has no impact on using sneakier methods of obtaining said data. 3. Nope, they work perfectly fine. It's other security measures that are failing here (mainly read permissions per app). But those are far harder to implement consistently and without them being a pain in the ass for the user. 4. Probably not those specific issues.


Question: How does hacking through WiFi really works? We know that data can be stolen but what are the hackers actually seeing on their screen that have access to our information?

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 How does hacking through WiFi really works? We know that data can be stolen but what are the hackers actually seeing on their screen that have access to our information?

When you go to a website, you send a request to a server for information. For example, when you go to [ URL_5 ](https:// URL_5 ), you send Google's server a request asking for their homepage. Their server sends that information back to you, and your web browser formats it correctly. > [192.168.0.3]( URL_2 ) wants to access [ URL_1 ]( URL_0 ); please send the homepage code. When you log in to a website, like your bank, you have to send some extra information to the server so that it knows who you are. That's usually your username and password. When it's not encrypted, that information is sent in plain text, right alongside of the website that you're trying to get to. > [192.168.0.3]( URL_2 ) wants to access [ URL_7 ]( URL_3 ), their username is [john@example.com](mailto:john@example.com) and their password is hunter2; please send the transaction list. Once you've told the server who you are, they sometimes send back a session key; this is similar to a coat check. When you go to the website later, you don't have to give your username and password again - you just give your coat check, and they can identify you from that. That keeps you from having to send the password repeatedly, and saves the server from having to re-authenticate you every time. However, just like in real life, if that coat check gets stolen, anyone can pick up your coat (your data) with it. On a public wireless network, anyone else can scan the network for these requests, and they'll see [every "packet" of information being sent over the network]( URL_4 ). From there, they can search the stream of data for patterns, such as looking for e-mail addresses. They can then see your password in the same request, and voila - they have your information. If you're interested in how encryption works, I'd highly suggest [this video]( URL_6 ) which explains the protocol really well and in an easy to understand way. **Edit:** It looks like I removed the part about encryption while I was editing my comment last night. Encrypting these requests is incredibly easy nowadays, so most websites will encrypt the data that you send it and the data that it sends you. It’s explained better in that video I linked above, but you and the server basically agree on a shared secret phrase that people scanning the network can’t figure out. That way, only you can see the data that you’re being sent and only they can see the data that they’re being sent.


Question: How do scientists know that the Sun is made of 90% Hydrogen?

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 How do scientists know that the Sun is made of 90% Hydrogen?

There might be another way as well, but one of the ways is definitely through spectral lines. URL_0 Basically, light generated by different materials don't look the same when spread by a prism. White light is a mix of the "Primary colors" of light Blue, red, and green and each material has a distinctive spread and mix of the colors when spread by a prism. So if you get a prism to spread light from the sun, you'd get a spread very similar to the spread created by light from Hydrogen, though of course, there would be other lines mixed in that represent the rest of the composition


Question: If humans were to see in the inferred spectrum, how would that effect our vision?

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 If humans were to see in the inferred spectrum, how would that effect our vision?

You would perceive that information in a translated way. Remember, what you see is not what's in front of your eyes. It's information that was collected by your eyes, signaled to your brain, and then, your brain makes the "image". An ability to see in infrared would add more information to that picture, but that could be expressed in a lot of ways. (Which are hard to imagine by us, because we can't see infrared). It's the problem of dimensions. If space was 4D instead of 3D, what would you see?..(We have no f"$%in idea. xD)


Question: why can we get headrush when we stand up after sitting for a prolonged period? The head position is vertical in both standing and sitting...

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 why can we get headrush when we stand up after sitting for a prolonged period? The head position is vertical in both standing and sitting...

A headrush happens when blood pressure suddenly drops from your head. That can happen when your body sits up and gravity pulls blood down from your head, or when your body unfolds and allows blood to flow unrestricted to areas previously not at normal pressure. That's what happens when you stand up, because your blood can now flow to your legs more easily, and get into areas that were compressed when you were sitting.


Question: how do they get scented candles to be scented of a specific thing?

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 how do they get scented candles to be scented of a specific thing?

Let's use vanilla as an example. Vanilla is made from a lot of different chemicals. Since a smell goes through the air, we can eliminate any chemical that does not evaporate near room temperature. That generally eliminates the very large and complex molecules, leaving smaller and simpler molecules to test. We can then take a bit of vanilla, use a variety of techniques to pick out those particular molecules, and test them. You can test the molecules one at a time to see what they smell like. For vanilla, it is a single molecule (called vanillin) that is responsible for the smell. Other scents require a combination of chemicals. You then mix in a very tiny amount of that chemical into the candle wax, and it gets released into the air as the wax melts. You can also design the scents in reverse. Find a molecule that will probably be smellable, and give it a sniff. If it is not entirely repulsive, find a reasonably suitable name for it.


Question: Why it is hard to reach -273 Celsius but easy to reach 273?

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 Why it is hard to reach -273 Celsius but easy to reach 273?

You can't make cold, you can only move heat. As you get colder, it gets increasingly difficult to remove heat because the removal process itself *must* generate heat and heat spontaneously flows towards cold regions. As you approach -273, you're reaching the limit where you're removing every last joule of available heat from a system, and even the tiniest leak or inefficiency will pump heat back in. Making heat is easy, you can get to 273C with any crude fire pit.


Question: How does our skin clean itself?

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 How does our skin clean itself?

You still have to keep yourself clean, even if it is using dust in a desert or water from a stream to get all the nasty bits off. What is really off is the modern obsession with things being squeaky clean all the time. We pull out all of the oils of our hairs, then put more oil back in to make up for it--this is because of marketing and trying to sell shampoo and conditioner. You do not need to remove all the natural oil from your hair, you just need to knock off the dust from the day. A good rise, or a TINY TINY bit of shampoo is sufficient for that. Basically, Adam is separating what is "clean" in a biological sense and what is "clean" in a marketing sense.


Question: How does Ebates work and where do they make their profit?

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 How does Ebates work and where do they make their profit?

Ebates is paid a commission from the store/vendor you purchase from, say Macy's for instance Macy's may pay Ebates 10% commission on any purchase an Ebates customer makes So, if you spend $100.00 at Macy's through Ebates, the commission to Ebates is $10.00 Ebates will pay you part of that $10.00 commission, maybe $5.00 and they keep the other $5.00 as revenue This is how Ebates can *"pay you for shopping"* ... They are not actually paying you, they are splitting the money (commission) Macy's is paying them with you


Question: What laws are actually broken when a parent bribes someone to get their kid into a prestigious school?

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 What laws are actually broken when a parent bribes someone to get their kid into a prestigious school?

The main thing here was that the company that they were paying to help get their kids into better colleges was illegally posing as a charity, so that the parents appeared to be donating to charity and getting tax writeoffs at the same time that they were cheating to get their kids into a prestigious school. That's the major law that got broken.


Question: Why does licking your lips when they are chapped give temporary relief but then they become more chapped than when you started?

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 Why does licking your lips when they are chapped give temporary relief but then they become more chapped than when you started?

Because you are removing the protective oils and physically irritation your lips each time. The result is that it gets your lips wet again (the instant relief) but then because that barrier is gone that water quickly vanished, and now you’re worse off than when you started (because you’ve sandpapered away that protective layer).


Question: How did they do math before Arabic numerals?

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 How did they do math before Arabic numerals?

[Abacuses]( URL_0 ) were in use long before the invention of the Arabic writing system, and are still used today by students who can not do math with Arabic Numbers (like the blind). It's a frame with bars, each bar with a number of beads on them. And they can be used to great effect for most simple mathematical calculations.


Question: Why does the exact same product vary in price so much between countries?

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 Why does the exact same product vary in price so much between countries?

This could be the combination of a variety of things that are all country specific: - import duties: these are put into place to protect or indirectly support the local industry; make similar imported products more expensive, makes local similar products more affordable. - taxes: some countries might tax a particular product category, while others might not or to differing amounts. For example, Canada taxes cigarettes at a much higher rate than most US states: right now a pack of 25 is $14 Cdn, which is $11 USD. Average price of a pack in US is ~$6-8 USD. Money from the increased tobacco taxes in Canada is rolled into our public healthcare system. - exchange rate: If the price of a book is printed on the cover, it could be $10 US. But taking into account exchange rate, that would be $12.58 CDN. Since it fluctuates, they usually leave it like "Or higher in Canada".


Question: Why does a laser pointer not work with a power point display?

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 Why does a laser pointer not work with a power point display?

Technically it does, just not very well. I assume that you're referring to a presentation that you're projecting onto a screen. The projector is sending light to the screen which bounces off and into your eyes. The light from the projector has to be pretty strong to be seen in a bright room. So, when you shine your laser pointer at the screen it has to be even brighter than the projector in order to be seen.


Question: If Monaco is an independent country why does it rely so heavily on France?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
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 If Monaco is an independent country why does it rely so heavily on France?

Because the rest of the world, including France recognize it to be so. Monaco relies on France for défense because as a sovereign country it concluded bilateral agreements with France to do so. It uses the Euro, not because of France but because it concluded an agreement with the European Union, as a sovereign state, to use EUR. And so on. Vatican and Andorra use the Euro in the same way, through bilateral agreements. Monaco has its own laws and France cannot change them, or ultimately abolish the independence of Monaco. It has its own territory, population and government that has effective control over these two , which in most theories of statehood is sufficient for it to exist as an independent state. Liechtenstein has a defense agreement with Switzerland too, yet is an independent state. And all members of NATO rely on each other and the alliance for defense, but that doesn’t make them any less sovereign. All members of the Eurozone also rely on the EU for its currency, but it would be ridiculous to say that France, Germany or Spain are not sovereign countries because of the fact that they do no issue their own currency.


Question: How does the copyright system work on YT? Is it enough to fully credit a song maker in the description or does an algorithm search for..something all the time?

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 How does the copyright system work on YT? Is it enough to fully credit a song maker in the description or does an algorithm search for..something all the time?

> Can I use a song and credit the song maker in the description No. Crediting the owner of the copyright does not absolve you from the penalties for copyright infringement. Youtube has systems that constantly scan for infringement and automatically take down videos. People constantly find ways to avoid them, and YT constantly updates them to keep up.


Question: Why does ADHD cause impulsivity?

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 Why does ADHD cause impulsivity?

With psychological disorders, the name is more a description of the symptoms than the other way around. Adhd doesn't cause impulsivity, it's a description of a range of behaviors including lack of focus and impulsivity. It's analogous to saying why does depression cause sadness or why does anxiety cause nervousness. Depression is just the word that means you are sad all the time in a chronic way. There are exceptions to this, especially disorders or diseases with a specific known cause such as Alzheimer's. However, dementia is a disorder that is often caused by Alzheimer's, but dementia just means you get confused and lose memory and awareness, and it can have a number of causes.


Question: How is it that our brains are able to feel sensations when we are asleep (like flying or falling) but unable to replicate them when we are awake?

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 How is it that our brains are able to feel sensations when we are asleep (like flying or falling) but unable to replicate them when we are awake?

Not an expert, but I think it comes down to spacial awareness. I think your brain can replicate those sensations while you're awake, it just doesn't do it because it has a very solid grip of the space around it and knows you are not falling. In a situation where your brain can be tricked about its surroundings, say virtual reality (and maybe hallucinations?) for example, you would probably feel those sensations. I am a bit scared of heights and when I did VR and was in a high place I could definitely feel it like I was there, so I think something similar could happen with the falling feeling!


Question: Why does bleach remove color from fabric?

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 Why does bleach remove color from fabric?

First of all, we produce color in two ways. Emission and absorption. Emission means that the object releases the color of light, think any screen. Absorption works by absorbing wavelengths of light other than the one that you want to be seen. & #x200B; Bleach works by oxidizing stuff it comes into contact with. This means it releases oxygen molecules from the other material. Dyes in your fabric are often organic dyes, but the color in these organic compounds come from a part of the structure called a chromophore. When the bleach reacts with the dye the chromophore changes often from one that reflects light in the visible spectra to one that reflects light outside the visible spectra. TLDR: Its a reaction that doesn't really remove color it just changes the color that the dye reflects.


Question: How did we get helium within the earth's crust?

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 How did we get helium within the earth's crust?

We are weirdly lucky in this sense because nature for some reason decided that one of the main ways radioactive decay happens is by releasing a helium nucleus. Radioactive elements often undergo alpha decay which releases a helium nucleus, and the electrons for this are just stolen from nearby atoms. This has built up over billions of years inside the earth by uranium and other elements decaying.


Question: How does Diffie hellman encryption work?

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 How does Diffie hellman encryption work?

Wikipedia gives a good analogy of how Diffie-Hellman-Merkle key exchange works: "*The process begins by having the two parties, Alice and Bob, agree on an arbitrary starting color that does not need to be kept secret (but should be different every time); in this example the color is yellow. Each of them selects a secret color that they keep to themselves. In this case, orange and blue-green.* *The crucial part of the process is that Alice and Bob now mix their secret color together with their mutually shared color, resulting in orange-tan and light-blue mixtures respectively, then publicly exchange the two mixed colors.* *Finally, each of the two mix together the color they received from the partner with their own private color. The result is a final color mixture yellow-brown that is identical to the partner's color mixture.*" This example assumes that once you've mixed paint colors, it is difficult to separate them out again. Of course, with computers this doesn't involve paint, it involves modulo arithmetic that is computationally hard to reverse. Once you've exchanged keys with DHM, you can use a simpler encryption method such as AES to exchange your actual data.


Question: What are the most compelling explanations of the causes of the global financial crisis?

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 What are the most compelling explanations of the causes of the global financial crisis?

I’m going to put this in the simplest of terms until someone else comes along with a more verbose answer. __greed__ Edit: Thought I would actually attempt this one, for real. So, the 2008 subprime crisis. __disclaimer__ - I’m by no means an expert and will happily be corrected. From what I understand it all started with what we call subprime mortgages. These are mortgages that are offered to individuals with lower credit scores and less disposable income. Lenders were basically giving out mortgages to anyone and everyone. Then when the housing bubble hit and house prices dropped as a result of this interest rates soared to compensate for the lower value of the house. Bare in mind these were people with poor credit and less money to spend, so when the interest rates went up people were unable to meet the payments and as a result foreclosures were rampant. ~~Lenders will package debts and sell them to other lenders. Ideally these packages of mortgages would have a rating (it’s been awhile so the actual ratings escape me) of say AAA meaning that it was a collection of low risk mortgages, ie people with good credit and the ability to pay. What the banks did before selling these mortgages on was to include some AAA mortgages inside a pack along with some of the sketchier high risks loans. The rating for the whole pack would still be set as AAA and nobody would check.~~ See reply comment for a more accurate description of packaged mortgages. This was all fine until house prices fell and people couldn’t afford to pay and started to default. Now there were loads of subprime mortgages out there. Obviously when people are unable to pay, the banks are losing out on money and the whole house of cards came crashing down. What’s sick is the people offering these subprime mortgages, with little to no checks or even worse inaccurate information, would already have taken their bonuses and made millions. It was then left for the tax payers to bail out the banks to get them back on their feet. Not the most eloquent answer, but it’s been a while since I read up on this. I would highly recommend a Google search for scholarly articles.


Question: How do archeologists/geologists decide which rocks to break, in order to find fossils?

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 How do archeologists/geologists decide which rocks to break, in order to find fossils?

It's often just the luck of someone finding something at the surface. Conditions for forming fossils are rare, but if someone finds that piece of bone somewhere, it's worth digging, because where there's one, conditions were right and there's likely more. But of course we know that certain rocks will yield nothing. You only find fossils in sediments. So you can also start out blindly and dig in sediments of the appropriate age that interests you. But generally you have a lead from previous finds mostly made by non-paleontologists.


Question: Why and how do some animals (i.e. birds) move their heads in a quick way, almost as if snapping to an angle?

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 Why and how do some animals (i.e. birds) move their heads in a quick way, almost as if snapping to an angle?

So I want you to hold both thumbs out in front of you, holding your hands apart. Look at one thumb, then look at the other. Chances are your eyes snapped from one to the other quickly. Eyes in general don't focus well when an image is moving too much, so tend to try to keep things stable by "snapping" from image to image. Even when you're trying to read or looks slowly across something your eyes are really making lots of small jumps instead of truly moving smoothly most of the time (the only exception is really when your eye is tracking something in motion) Birds don't have muscles to move their eyes around, so their whole head snaps around to do the same job as our eye muscles do. They don't always do this, birds will sometimes move their heads slowly, but just like with our eyes and watching something that's moving, they'll move their whole head to follow a moving object they're tracking.


Question: Why is it so comfortable to sleep under a blanket, even when it’s not cold?

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 Why is it so comfortable to sleep under a blanket, even when it’s not cold?

Also the slight pressure of something on your body. If you are wrapped up/covered, you are safer in your primitive mind. That why they sell weighted blankets that people can use for anxiety and other disorders. They also have weighted blankets with a cooling system in them for the warmer months/climates to keep you from overheating while still getting the benefits of the blanket


Question: Why are some liquids, like oil, very slick? What molecular properties make a good lubricant?

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 Why are some liquids, like oil, very slick? What molecular properties make a good lubricant?

Substances like oils have many carbon atoms that are saturated, or completely covered by hydrogen atoms. If many of these molecules are near each other, they will not (generally) form hydrogen bonds because the carbon atoms do not attract hydrogen as much as oxygen atoms for example. On the stickier side of things, sugars such as glucose have many oxygen atoms on the outside of the molecule. Oxygen is much better at attracting hydrogen than carbon, so other glucose molecules nearby (or for that matter any other substances with hydrogen atoms) will be very attracted to to sugars. This hydrogen bonding is what makes sugar sticky. In short, oils generally have hydrogen-to-carbon bonds, which are not as strong as hydrogen-to-oxygen bonds in other substances. This is the same phenomenon which causes surface tension which is also a factor in the "slipperyness" of oils.


Question: What is Nibiru and will it hit soon?

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 What is Nibiru and will it hit soon?

URL_0 > The Nibiru cataclysm is a supposed disastrous encounter between the Earth and a large planetary object (either a collision or a near-miss) which certain groups believe will take place in the early 21st century. Believers in this doomsday event usually refer to this object as Planet X or Nibiru. The idea that a planet-sized object will collide with or closely pass by Earth in the near future is not supported by any scientific evidence and has been rejected by astronomers and planetary scientists as pseudoscience and an Internet hoax. TL;DR It's a supposed planet that will supposedly collide with Earth sometime in the current century. There's is no evidence that it actually exists.