Question: why do we look for water when we look for alien life?

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 why do we look for water when we look for alien life?

When water freezes it has less density than unfrozen water— it floats instead of sinks, and it freezes from the top down in large bodies of water, often leaving unfrozen water beneath the surface. Primordial life has the ability to survive frozen temperatures in water because it can exist in the unfrozen portions of the water underneath the ice.


Question: the difference between the rockets of today and the rockets during the Apollo era?

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 the difference between the rockets of today and the rockets during the Apollo era?

Technically, the rockets themselves are not baaaaasically that much different, but it's now possible to put light, efficient computers on these rockets to perform the necessary control work. Back in the day it was not an option to put a huge, heavy, expensive computer on a rocket when it was simply cheaper to let them burn up and crash.


Question: What would happen if light travelled at the speed of sound?

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 What would happen if light travelled at the speed of sound?

There's a story called [Mr Tompkins in Wonderland]( URL_0 ) (really four stories) one of which explores what life would be like if the speed of light slowed down to about 10 mph. "A single cyclist was coming slowly down the street and, as he approached, Mr Tompkins’s eyes opened wide with astonishment. For the bicycle and the young man on it were unbelievably shortened in the direction of the motion, as if seen through a cylindrical lens. The clock on the tower struck five, and the cyclist, evidently in a hurry, stepped harder on the pedals. Mr Tompkins did not notice that he gained much in speed, but, as the result of his effort, he shortened still more and went down the street looking exactly like a picture cut out of cardboard."


Question: Why does tap water in a glass sometimes create small bubbles at the inside of the glass after some time and tastes not as good anymore as it did, when it got in the glass? (and at other places tap water doesn't do that seemingly) does anyone has an explanation?

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 Why does tap water in a glass sometimes create small bubbles at the inside of the glass after some time and tastes not as good anymore as it did, when it got in the glass? (and at other places tap water doesn't do that seemingly) does anyone has an explanation?

Although the other answers are correct, I don't think they speak to the phenomenon you're asking about exactly. What you seem to be describing - that sometimes when you leave water sitting in a glass for a long time it forms bubbles on the inside of the glass and sometimes it doesn't - it has to do with the barometric pressure! Water has gasses like carbon dioxide and oxygen dissolved in it. When you pour water there's a certain amount in solution. When the air pressure falls those gasses come out of solution and appear as bubbles on the glass! As to the change in taste, tap water is usually chlorinated and chlorine evaporates out of water pretty quickly, so that's responsible for some of the change in taste. Also if you leave it out it tends to absorb CO2 from the air which gives it a bitter-ish taste. There's probably other chemical changes that I'm not aware of.


Question: why do anti depressants such as prozac lower your libido, when depression already does?

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 why do anti depressants such as prozac lower your libido, when depression already does?

There are several main classes of anti depressants. - SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) - Prozac, Zoloft etc - SNRIs (Serotonin Norepinepherine Reuptake Inhibitors) - Pristiq etc - NDRI (Norepinepherine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor) - Wellbutrin - Tricyclics and tetracyclics - Pamelor, Vivactil etc - MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors). They can all potentially affect sexual function. But SSRIs are consistently the worst. The mechanism affecting sexual function is the same as what makes the drug work on depression. By increasing the serotonin (the calm happy hormone), dopamine can be reduced in the brain. It's dopamine which leads to arousal. NDRI meds (Wellbutrin's pretty much it) taken in combination with SSRIs can assist with the issue. MAOIs are generally the best at having no negative affect to libido. However these medications have fallen out of favour due to tyramine intolerance. Basically, any aged protein (think salami, cheeses etc) has the potential to cause a hypertensive crisis - to the point it can be life threatening. I take Parnate (MAOI) and have for many years. I'm lucky and don't have an adverse reaction to tyramine. That said, MAOIs remain the most effective antidepressents and anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) medications on the market. A bit like taking a sledgehammer to a nut. NOTE - THIS IS A LAY DISCUSSION FROM EXPERIENCE I AM NEITHER DOCTOR OR PHARMACIST. For a more tecnical point of view please see old mates post: > The mechanism affecting sexual function is the ... URL_0


Question: How do streaming services like Amazon or Netflix make money with big titles like Borat or Stranger Things?

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 How do streaming services like Amazon or Netflix make money with big titles like Borat or Stranger Things?

They both already make plenty of money. Producing original content is a matter of budgeting and creating a unique brand. They don't need money from specific shows, all their revenue goes to the same place. Netflix makes its money on subscriptions. They make A LOT of it. They budget money to produce their own content, which is often cheaper than licensing (paying for the right to stream) content made by other studios and productions. Amazon is the same thing. They also have billions in revenue from the rest of their operations.


Question: Why does bread have a thin layer of crust instead of a continuous gradient from most cooked to least?

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 Why does bread have a thin layer of crust instead of a continuous gradient from most cooked to least?

Bread dough isn't very good at conducting heat, so the outside layer gets really hot but it cools down quickly away from the edge. Also, when the dough rises and gets all puffy, it prevents the dough from browning even more since the air bubbles are even better at insulating than the dough itself. So you end up with an uneven texture where only the outside is browned and crunchy.


Question: why does your body get itchy when you're over tired?

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 why does your body get itchy when you're over tired?

Actually, it is.probably a sign of tension. When you are tense, capillaries near your skin surface can contract and that can lead to itching. Some.people are more sensitive to that than others. The tension doesn't have to be psychological, it could be due to heat or cold, recent exercise or anything that would create physical tension. The only solution I can think is to practice some meditation or relaxation techniques and see if you can cause your body to relax (probably good before.sleeping anyhow).


Question: How and why do some banks offer annual interest on the money in your savings account?

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 How and why do some banks offer annual interest on the money in your savings account?

Banks make their money on loans and mortgages. In order to sell those, they need money to actually give out. They do this by incentivizing other people to save their money with them, so they can use some of it for loans. In return, the people whos money they use get a little cut of the profit from those loans in the form of interest on their savings account.


Question: Why does shaking soda release the carbon dioxide?

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 Why does shaking soda release the carbon dioxide?

Soda is saturated with CO2 when it's in a can highly pressurized with pure CO2. When you pop open the can, this reduces the air pressure (specifically, the partial pressure of CO2). Suddenly, the soda is highly supersaturated with CO2. When the CO2 comes out of solution at the surface, you don't really notice, but when CO2 comes out of solution under water, a bubble of CO2 forms. The equilibrium state is a completely flat soda (leave an opened soda out for a few days - dead flat and no bubbles). But equilibrium isn't reached instantly, it takes time. You can reduce that time by creating more nucleation sites. A nucleation site is an irregularity that allows a bubble to begin forming. Simmer some water and you'll see steams of bubbles forming at specific locations on the bottom of the pan. Each corresponds to a tiny scratch on the pot where the bubbles form. What's interesting is a bubble is itself a nucleation site. In boiling water, you can see the bubbles growing larger as they rise. Shaking a can mixes air into the soda, creating more bubbles, creating more nucleation sites, and allowing the CO2 to fall out of solution faster. A mentos tablet has an extremely rough surface that also dissolves into more rough surfaces, putting ridiculous numbers of nucleation sites in the soda, allowing the soda to reach equilibrium nearly instantly. The result is all the CO2 turns to gas.


Question: can someone explain the difference between the senate and Congress to this Brit please?

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 can someone explain the difference between the senate and Congress to this Brit please?

Congress is the name for the entire Legislative branch of the US - where laws are made and passed. Congress has two houses - the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representatives is loosely based on your House of Commons - they serve two years terms and are elected from individual districts in each state, based on population. All funding bills originate there. It is mean to be a more reactive body to popular trends. The Senate is loosely based on your House of Lords - they serve six year terms and each state gets 2 Senators. Judicial confirmations happen there. It is meant to be a more deliberative body, more insulated from popular trends.


Question: How does a car like Koenigsegg Agera make more than a 1000hp with just a twin-turbo V8 whereas the Bugatti Veyron required a quad-turbo W16 for similar performance?

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 How does a car like Koenigsegg Agera make more than a 1000hp with just a twin-turbo V8 whereas the Bugatti Veyron required a quad-turbo W16 for similar performance?

how much HP a super car makes is rather a moot issue. more cylinders and more volume and larger turbos doesn't equate to more HP. there are both advantages and disadvantages to adding more turbos/turbo stages or using more cylinders in different configurations. so the answer is basically that's what type of engine the designer wanted to focus on. one wanted to use a W16 while the other wanted to use a V8. that fact by itself states nothing about what the performance should be except \~1000hp is what the manufacturer decided on. in the jesko/chrion, a similarly speced engine, both now produce 1500hp instead of 1000hp.


Question: How do police agencies know where to gather accurate dental records in order to identify a body when the only info they have are teeth?

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 How do police agencies know where to gather accurate dental records in order to identify a body when the only info they have are teeth?

If they do not have any idea of who the body might be, they don't. Usually when they identify by dental records, what that means is that they have a body, and they know who's missing in the area. So they know John Smith is missing, John Smith's car was found in the area they're searching, they found a burnt body in that area, then they use the dental records of John Smith to see if there's a match.


Question: How can a nuclear explosion be strong enough to burn a shadow of a person into a building but not destroy the building? Is it just heat/light and not force?

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 How can a nuclear explosion be strong enough to burn a shadow of a person into a building but not destroy the building? Is it just heat/light and not force?

They weren't vapourised. The light and radiation from the explosion burnt the area around that person's shadow. Where their shadow fell on the building, footpath, steps, etc was protected by the person's body and so leaves what looks like a shadow. It's just that everything else around the shadow was bleached by the light.


Question: How is a new country's currency introduced to the world?

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 How is a new country's currency introduced to the world?

As economists keep saying, the value of something is what someone is willing to pay for it. When a country's national bank issues a new currency, it can estimate an exchange rate, but the foreign exchange market traders will make offers based on demand and their own estimates of where the currency is going.


Question: how do vacant commercial properties or store with no customers stay afloat for decades in big cities?

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 how do vacant commercial properties or store with no customers stay afloat for decades in big cities?

Vacant properties are owned by someone and as long as they pay the taxes, etc. it is an investment for them. Flower shop may be doing a ton of deliveries out the back door. Or they may own the place and are doing it for fun. There may be many other reasons, just a few I could think of.


Question: Where exactly is the extra energy in a pulley system coming from to lift so much weight with so little effort?

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 Where exactly is the extra energy in a pulley system coming from to lift so much weight with so little effort?

Work (the total amount of energy used) equals force times distance. A pulley does the same work with less force by spreading the work over a greater distance. In order to output five times more lifting force, you have to pull the free end of the rope five times farther than the work end of the rope moves.


Question: Why does putting a heavy book on a a crumbled piece of paper make it flatten out and why does it take 10-15 mins for it to happen; not instantaneously?

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 Why does putting a heavy book on a a crumbled piece of paper make it flatten out and why does it take 10-15 mins for it to happen; not instantaneously?

Educated guess; the fibers were massively mis-aligned and set out of order when the paper was crumpled, and setting a weight on top of it makes new small “folds” in that fibrous structure that aligns the whole crumpled mess to all fit in that small space, the space between the two surfaces you’re pressing together. I imagine it might actually take some time for the fibers to move into place, not for them to resettle/harden once they are in place.


Question: How do those “earn money by playing this game” apps work?

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 How do those “earn money by playing this game” apps work?

App owners are paid through advertising. That is quite often valued in "clicks" or number of times your advertisement link has been opened. If you can prove your product or marketing style can generate a few million clicks a month. Thats worth a lot of money to people who could use your app as advertising space. & #x200B; Most of these are illegitimate and never actually pay you out. The ones that are just flood the living crap out of you with ads, which they are being paid for and giving you a cut. Never expect it to be much if you do find one thats legitimate.


Question: Why can red meat and fish be eaten raw or rare with little concern for sickness while chicken and pork must be cooked thoroughly?

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 Why can red meat and fish be eaten raw or rare with little concern for sickness while chicken and pork must be cooked thoroughly?

Usually to do with how easily nasty bacteria and parasites can permeate the meat. Salmonella for example does not go deeper than surface level on a steak, but will be able to grow and spread throughout the bulk of a chicken breast. Pork can be home to human parasites like tapeworm eggs.


Question: Why is it bad to sleep on a couch?

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 Why is it bad to sleep on a couch?

I've been sleeping on my couch for years. You can't generalize why it's good or bad, it's an individual thing. I've had back issues from beds and couches both. As far as organ damage, what ? Lol the only thing damaging my internal organs are the pharmaceuticals I'm taking, by prescription. I think this is a rumor started by chiropractors and mattress co's.lol


Question: What causes photons to move?

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 What causes photons to move?

Photons always move. They can't not move. A photon is really just a change in the electromagnetic field, which exists across space everywhere. Its best to think of a photon more like a ripple than an object. So something happens that creates a disturbance in the field, and like how if it was water being disturbed the result would be a ripple, the result here would be a photon.


Question: What does the atom have to do with the atomic bomb and what "role" does it play in its functions?

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 What does the atom have to do with the atomic bomb and what "role" does it play in its functions?

Standard explosives break chemical bonds and that energy release drives the explosion. There is a lot of energy in chemical bonds, but there is *soooo much more* in nuclear bonds; the bonds which hold the atomic nucleus (protons and neutrons) together. An atomic bomb exploits the tendency of a few radioactive elements, when packed together or smashed together very quickly, to undergo nuclear fission. In this process, highly energetic particles from the "broken" atoms (neutrons) are ejected and disrupt other nearby atoms. If the atoms are in the right close arrangement, and the element (like Plutonium) is energetically favorable, you get a chain reaction; in an instant *many* nuclear bonds are broken, and a vast amount of energy is released as you turn some of the mass of the bomb into energy, according to the famous E=Mc^2.


Question: Why does a pc have to be significantly more powerful than the console it tries to emulate?

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 Why does a pc have to be significantly more powerful than the console it tries to emulate?

Quite simply, because you are adding another layer of abstraction to it. Imagine trying to unscrew a nut while holding the plyers with another pair of plyers. It is certainly possible, but you going to need a bigger amount of force to hold on to the plyers and move the nut.


Question: What is the difference between a "secure line" and a normal telephone line?

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 What is the difference between a "secure line" and a normal telephone line?

A "secure" line has its audio scrambled so that a normal listener can't decipher what is being said. This used to take the form of analog modulation but now-a-days it could be as simple as encoding it into a digital form and then doing some light encryption on that digital data. & #x200B; EDIT: I said it *could* be as simple as light encryption. I never said it had to be light encryption and I have no interest in getting into a debate over what constitutes "light" encryption.


Question: Why do some online merchants need your card type (Visa, Mastercard, etc.) when entering info and others do not?

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 Why do some online merchants need your card type (Visa, Mastercard, etc.) when entering info and others do not?

Because some are more sophisticated than others. The first digit tells you the "team" of the card: 3=AMEX, 4=VISA, 5=Mastercard. If your lazy programmers don't code this up, the user has to enter it. Gas stations are a great place to check to see if a card is cancelled, because they are automated and every evildoer needs gas. As a result, they have a lot of fraudulent transactions. To discourage this, they are checking the ZIP online with the CC company. Mostly this hurts foreign visitors, because it makes their cards not work.


Question: what's the difference between franchises and chain stores? And when is it more profitable to use one or the other ?

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 what's the difference between franchises and chain stores? And when is it more profitable to use one or the other ?

A chain is any retailer/restaurant with multiple locations. Franchises are when locations are owned by individuals who license the rights to use the name and agree to abide by the requirements, standards, set out by the franchiser. So you have $1 million and buy a McDonalds franchise. For that fee they build a restaurant and set you up with the equipment, training, etc. to operate a McDonalds. You agree to buy ingredients and materials from their suppliers, and pay them fees -- annual fees or. Percentage of sales, or both. You benefit from a proven system and a brand that is actively marketed, but have less flexibility than if you ran an independent business.


Question: Why currency isn't standardized around the world and what be the effect if this would happen?

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 Why currency isn't standardized around the world and what be the effect if this would happen?

Not good? Currencies are important way for the free market to stabilize and for countries to control their economies. The first issue is that not all countries are equally wealthy. Freely moving currencies allow for poorer countries to export more and bolster their economies. This is why China is accused of artificially lowering the value of the RMB. Secondly, having control over the source of money is an important way for countries to control their economies. The central bank can create more money when the economy is heading into a recession to foster growth, and can decrease the amount of money when the economy is doing well to slow it down. Greece recently had both issues; they had the "strong" Euro, weakening their exports and tourism when they didn't have the corresponding economy to support it, and could not control the supply of money to both help with debt and further stimulate the economy.


Question: What exactly is mental stamina and how does it work?

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 What exactly is mental stamina and how does it work?

It's also called "mental toughness". It's the ability to carry on doing something difficult or painful, when you feel you are out of strength. It's pushing through the mental or physical pain. To endure it and come out the other side feeling stronger and better. It's to not give up in the face of adversity. The military is great at giving people mental stamina. Teaching people they are way more capable than they think they are. Watch the following show and you will learn about mental stamina and who has it and how it works. URL_0


Question: Why do fast chargers take so much longer to complete a full charge?

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 Why do fast chargers take so much longer to complete a full charge?

Basically when charging a battery electricity is forcing ions from one side of the battery to the other. When a battery is low there's lots of empty space to shove those ions and the flow over easily. When it's closer to full the space is filled up and the new ions have to crowd in around the older ions shoving them about to get tightly packed. All the shoving generates heat so at later stages of charge you need to slow down or you risk heating up the battery and damaging it.


Question: the "mother of all bombs" / largest non nuclear bomb. What makes it so powerful? Why is it significant? Why use it now?

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 the "mother of all bombs" / largest non nuclear bomb. What makes it so powerful? Why is it significant? Why use it now?

The [MOAB]( URL_4 ) is an air-burst weapon intended for soft to medium targets over an extended area. And while it technically is not a penetrator weapon (commonly called 'bunker busters'), it is optimized for targets in environments like caves, canyons or extensive mine fields. It is not a weapon for deep or heavily reinforced caves, but the blast size will collapse smaller vunerable caves. It's not the largest non-nuke bomb in existance, but it is the largest non-nuke to have been used in combat. Why now? If we are to believe Gen. Nicholson in [this article]( URL_1 ), ISIS have increased their use of IEDs, bunkers, and tunnels as their losses have been mounting. The MOAB creates a large blast area over the surface of the battlefield and pressure from the explosion likely detonated many improvised explosive devices. Edit: [This article]( URL_2 ) states previous combat situations have been unsuitable for the MOAB because most fighting occured in densely populated areas, whereas this time the ISIS network were spread over a largely desolate area. And [this article]( URL_0 ) has a detailed description of the MOAB design and capabilities. On further searching I have also found [this early article]( URL_3 ) about MOAB tests which explains effects at different distances from ground zero.


Question: What is it about a horse's brain that makes one so willing and able to be trained...while they could so easily dominate and are so powerful, they're willing to do what we want?

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 What is it about a horse's brain that makes one so willing and able to be trained...while they could so easily dominate and are so powerful, they're willing to do what we want?

Training isn't about fear or power. Do you pick your friends based on who you can beat up? Training animals involves rewarding them, feeding them, sheltering them, and praising them selectively when they exhibit desirable behavior. All that really determines an animal's trainability is its ability to associate behavior with reward (or punishment).


Question: I bought stock in a company, and they are being acquired by another company. My shares are being bought for $1.27 each later this year. But the stock is still doing volume of nearly a million shares a day at around $1.26 to $1.27. Why would anyone keep trading the stock at this point?

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 I bought stock in a company, and they are being acquired by another company. My shares are being bought for $1.27 each later this year. But the stock is still doing volume of nearly a million shares a day at around $1.26 to $1.27. Why would anyone keep trading the stock at this point?

Well, there's no incentive to hold onto the share now if the most you'll ever get for it is $1.27 - why not cash out now and dump my $1.26 into something else that might turn into $2.00? Meanwhile, someone sees this and says Yes! I can buy at $1.26 and in a few months get $1.27! A profit of $0.01!! Big whup you say, but if you're trading in this stock in batches of a million thats $10k. Meanwhile your money is parked in a good safe investment at a return of 1% which given the negative interest rates at the present may be a better gain than your bond portfolio.


Question: if a company buys another company, who exactly gets the money?

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 if a company buys another company, who exactly gets the money?

If the company is publically owned, the shareholders. The other company literally buys the shares from shareholders. If the company is privately owned, um... whoever owns it gets the money. If its one public company buying another, sometimes the bought company's shares will be replaced by an equal worth amount of the purchasing company's shares.


Question: How does taking your blood pressure work?

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 How does taking your blood pressure work?

The cuff on a blood pressure device inflates to a point where blood flow can't be heard (usually around 220 mmHg). Once that point is reached the pressure is slowly released until a turbulent flow is heard. This “top” number is the *systolic* pressure (when the heart is beating). After that the pressure is further released until a smooth flow is heard. This “bottom” number is the *diastolic* pressure (when the heart rests between beats).


Question: What Is The Difference Between A Regular Rocket Engine And A Vacuum Rocket Engine?

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 What Is The Difference Between A Regular Rocket Engine And A Vacuum Rocket Engine?

A rocket engine optimized for vacuum is likely what you mean. It will have a different "bell" on the end to let the gas expand a bit more When in the atmosphere the air pushes back against the exhaust so it can't expand as much as in the vacuum so you need a different shaped exhaust nozzle to make it as efficient as possible. Vacuum has no air pushing back so it needs a different shape. You can optimize your rocket engine for atmospheric operation, vacuum operation, or a mix of both. Second stage engines generally only fire outside of the atmosphere so they're optimized for vacuum operation. First stage engines take the rocket from sea level to space so they compromise and make it pretty good at both sea level and in space A rocket engine will work fine at sea level or in space no matter where it was optimized for, it just might not be as efficient as possible


Question: If Luhn's algorithm is so easy to calculate and we know the number structure for all major credit cards, why is it so hard to generate a working yet fake credit card number?

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 If Luhn's algorithm is so easy to calculate and we know the number structure for all major credit cards, why is it so hard to generate a working yet fake credit card number?

Luhn's algorithm isn't about security, at least not anymore. It is about having a quick and easy way to catch transcription mistakes. It will catch all single digit errors, and most transposition errors. This was an important feature before credit cards could be quickly verified online. Having a credit card number alone doesn't get you much. Unless it is tied to a real account, you won't be able to use it, and there are way more possible numbers than accounts. Even if you got lucky and found one that matched an account, you wouldn't have any of the secondary verification information.


Question: Why is the French Revolution considered more important than the American one in world history when it came later and had many of the same themes?

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 Why is the French Revolution considered more important than the American one in world history when it came later and had many of the same themes?

Mostly because the American one was about a part of a nation becoming independent with a new rulership and associated laws. The French one was about getting rid of monarchies, which changed power structures all over Europe, which, even Eurocentricism aside was a huge factor of influence on how the world is today. You can still see monarchies in place in countries where the revolution did not happen, so it also doesn't count as a "would have happened anyway" thing.


Question: Why does the fibonacci sequence appear so often in nature?

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 Why does the fibonacci sequence appear so often in nature?

A whole lot of the supposed "fibonacci spirals" that appear in nature, are in fact just general logarithmic spirals, misnamed by people. In fact even your example looks by eye to be a bit too tight to be a true fibonacci spiral. So the answer is that, it doesn't really show up more often than lots of other sequences.


Question: How do goggles/glasses that correct colourblindness work?

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 How do goggles/glasses that correct colourblindness work?

They don’t correct true colour blindness, they only work for people who have problems distinguishing close colours (eg different shades of red/orange/yellow). The filters on these glasses remove these problematic “in-between” colours, making the world look like a digital image with high saturation levels. This lets people distinguish colours very easily, because instead of a “smooth gradient” they have “large spikes” of colour.


Question: Why is the feeling of impending doom a real symptom and how does someone know they're dying?

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 Why is the feeling of impending doom a real symptom and how does someone know they're dying?

What's generally referred to as a feeling of "impending doom" is a feeling of certainty that something terrible is going to happen to you or you're going to die, or that something is just off or wrong about your body. People with the "impending doom" symptom are convinced that they're dying or will soon die, so it's sort of a "can't bear the suspense" type of feeling. It usually happens because of a problem in the sympathetic nervous system. That's what controls your heart and lungs without you having to think about contracting those muscles. Under normal circumstances, our brain ignores the sensation of our lungs expanding or our heart beating, because that would get really distracting. So if something is wrong with the sympathetic nervous system, like an irregular heartbeat from a heart attack, you're probably not going to physically feel that your heartbeat is all out of sync. But you WILL know something is just... "off" about your body, even if you can't pin down what. Your sympathetic nervous system is sending SOMETHING IS WRONG signals to your brain, and since your brain is wired not to send you physical sensations from those nerves, it just sends you a general "wrongness" vibe instead.


Question: How is the internet stored? Are there people who have like a million hard drives to store all of the internet so it can be accessed wirelessly?

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 How is the internet stored? Are there people who have like a million hard drives to store all of the internet so it can be accessed wirelessly?

"The internet" isn't all in once place. Each site is stored by different entities, often in many different places. So there are millions of hard drives but they are also in millions of places. Also the "so it can be accessed wirelessly" part doesn't make any sense. Wireless access is generally just a question of a short range wireless communication to wherever wired location you are connected to. It doesn't have anything to do with the media or location where the website is hosted.


Question: How do clothes get dry from being outside or on radiators?

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 How do clothes get dry from being outside or on radiators?

Partial pressure difference. There’s more water in your clothes than in the air surrounding it; water molecules will leave the clothes until the pressure is equalized. Water evaporates from seas/lakes/rivers/oceans at all temperatures, not just at 100C. Adding heat just adds energy that makes it easier for the molecules to detach from each other. Have you noticed how it takes longer to dry your clothes when the day is humid, like after it rains, when there’s more water in the air already.


Question: Why do planets rotate the Sun on a horizontal plane, rather than vertical?

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 Why do planets rotate the Sun on a horizontal plane, rather than vertical?

> For that matter, do we even really have a frame of reference to say what horizontal/vertical is? Only one you choose. You can just as easily represent the solar system rotating vertically and be perfectly correct. Or you could have a 45 degree angle. The horizontal depiction itself is just a choice. They orbit in a plane because the planets all formed out of the same rotating disc of material and are simply carrying on moving in the same direction the material they formed from was moving initially. The orientation of that plane is up to you, as space doesn't have an up/down, but having standard representations are useful to reduce confusion.


Question: How do some metals manage to kill bacteria?

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 How do some metals manage to kill bacteria?

It totally depends in the situation, the metal in question, and the bacteria in question, but the general gist is that **some metal ions are toxic** to certain life forms. A common example, though technically not about bacteria, are [copper IUDs]( URL_0 ). After insertion, they slowly release copper ions, which kills sperm cells. The copper is slowly depleted, which is why they only work for \~5 years.


Question: please explain what Benford’s law is and how is used to detect fraud?

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 please explain what Benford’s law is and how is used to detect fraud?

It's a way to find human invented numbers. In a large set of numbers will multiple digits the number 1 has just over a 30% chance of being the first digit in that number. Number 2 has a 17% chance of being the first digit, and each number after that has an ever decreasing chance of being that first digit. Therefore, if you take a very large set of numbers that were generated naturally you should get 30% of all first digits being 1, 17% of all first digits being 2, and so on. A set of numbers invented by a human mind is likely not to follow this law. This is because as humans we have a hard time imagining true randomness. When we ask people to invent random sets of data, they tend to make it so that each number occurs fairly regularly. We feel that if each number has a random chance of occuring then each number will occur equally. When the truth is random sets of data will form clusters and not be so evenly distributed.


Question: What is the writ of habeas corpus?

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 What is the writ of habeas corpus?

A Writ of Habeas Corpus is a legal document that commands the recipient to declare why, specifically, they’re holding someone in jail. Before the founding of the US, it was common for the British to hold colonists without actually charging them with a crime. This was generally seen as a dick move so the founding fathers made sure it wouldn’t happen in America.


Question: Why can videos be recorded smoothly and played back almost instantly but when it's rendered it takes a lot longer?

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 Why can videos be recorded smoothly and played back almost instantly but when it's rendered it takes a lot longer?

When you're recording something, you're taking something that's physically in front of you and recording what color intensities are where on the sensor. When you're playing something you're taking a list of color intensities and displaying them. Rendering is different. It's part of the animation process and doesn't involve a physical thing like recording. You're doing a bunch of math to figure out the color intensities instead of just looking at it. Take lighting as an example. On a camera you have a physical light source that's sending out light waves that reflect off an object and go into the camera. In rendering, you know where a light source is. You have to do a bunch of math to figure out how the light waves would actually travel. Then you have to do even more math to figure out how those light waves interact with the object. Then you need to figure out how they travel and how they would interact with a real camera. When something moves, it doesn't physically move, instead you're doing a bunch of math to figure out how it would really move.


Question: what the hell is geomining?

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 what the hell is geomining?

Geomining is the collection of location data. Currently, apps like Google maps on your mobile device track where users are at any given point in time. This data is anonymous but can be sold to companies interested in knowing traffic patterns. This can be used to target advertising in high traffic areas or to route shipping to avoid high traffic areas. There are probably a ton of other uses for the data as well, but those are two of the most obvious. The ads you are likely seeing are from companies trying to build a location database. In exchange for anonymously tracking your location, they offer rewards.


Question: Why there exist so many USB partitions? NTFS, FAT32, Extended Journal and some OS recognize only some of them whereas other USB peripherals never have this issue.

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 Why there exist so many USB partitions? NTFS, FAT32, Extended Journal and some OS recognize only some of them whereas other USB peripherals never have this issue.

First, those are examples of *filesystems,* not partitions. A partition can have a filesystem on it, though. A lot of filesystems exist because computers have been around a long time, and some of them get phased out over time (FAT to FAT32 to NTFS), and sometimes some people want to use a different filesystem for a different operating system (Linux can use ext2/3/4, for example). Some OSes just don't know how to read certain filesystems, while others do.


Question: what happens to vaporised rock? Scientists always say that X amount of tons of rock vapourise when a meteorite hits. But where does it go?

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 what happens to vaporised rock? Scientists always say that X amount of tons of rock vapourise when a meteorite hits. But where does it go?

At first it is spread through the atmosphere like any other gas. But eventually it does start to cool down. As it cools down the rocks will start to condensate into tiny droplets smaller then grains of sand. They are small enough for the wind to carry them along. Eventually they will end up on the ground in some form or another like all other sand. But depending on how much there is a lot of it can still be in the atmosphere spread around the world for months. The closest we have to this effect we have experienced is during volcano eruptions when similar vaporized rock might be part of the eruption and create huge dust clouds or even clouds of tiny droplets of molten rock. There is even one famous airliner which ended up flying through such a cloud of molten rock.