Question: On oil rigs in the ocean, what is the big flame for?

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 On oil rigs in the ocean, what is the big flame for?

Gas flares are used to burn off natural gas released during the mining process. Natural gas is a much bigger pain in the ass to store and transport in meaningful quantities than oil, but is released by the mining of oil. As a result rigs end up burning off the natural gas - it's generally less environmentally damaging than just releasing it into the air directly. A small amount may also be used by a turbine generator to produce electricity.


Question: Why does bread being thawed from frozen not go soggy, but if you get water on thawed out bread it does go soggy?

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 Why does bread being thawed from frozen not go soggy, but if you get water on thawed out bread it does go soggy?

When you freeze bread you don't add water. Then you thaw it and the only water there is was in the bread from the start. There is nothing that could make the bread soggy. Ice is frozen water which many people associate with *cold*. But not everything that is cold is water. Bread has some water in it, that's why a little ice can form on it when frozen. But that frozen water goes back where it came from when thawed so there is as much or as little water in it when it's back to room temperature. Additional fun fact: when bread goes stale it feels unpleasant and dry but in fact it caught water. Condensation makes the starch molecules in it swell up so that you feel them more in your mouth and that makes it feel dry and stale.


Question: how can a proton turn into a neutron in Beta Decay?

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 how can a proton turn into a neutron in Beta Decay?

It doesn't make sense because you're missing a few end products! Your intuition was spot on. Beta positive produces a positron and electron neutrino. A positron is an anti-electron--the positive charged counterpart to an electron. edit: (beta negative produces an electron anti-neutrino as well fwiw). I'll let someone with a stronger background in this part of physics do an explanation of the weak nuclear force and what's going on at a deeper level here. edits: for clarity and improving the tone--which was more terse than I wanted the first time!


Question: what is socailism, if someone can explain to me in simple terms?

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 what is socailism, if someone can explain to me in simple terms?

The problem is that what a speaker *means* when they say "socialism" varies by speaker. Broadly, socialism *actually* means that the workers own the means of production. "The means of production" means the things used to do work, like factories, farmland, and the like, which - under capitalism - are owned privately. The workers owning the means of production means that the people who work at the factory also own it. In Marxist theory, socialism is generally an intermediary stage between capitalism and communism (moving from capitalism to communism). The specifics of how this would be achieved can vary enormously. Under Marxism-Leninism, the state (theoretically a transitory state that is supposed to eventually "athropy" and lead into full, stateless communism) would own them, and because the state is supposed to be democratic, all the people own them. Under anarcho-syndicalism, syndicates made up of the workers, democratically governing themselves, would own the specific means of production that they use. Some theories incorporate market economies (buying and selling with money), others do not. However, "socialism" is commonly (mis)used to refer to any kind of "social" programs funded by taxes - where tax money is used to help people. These things are sometimes called "socialized" - in theory, "everyone" (taxpayers) is paying for a thing that only some need or take advantage of. For instance, "socialized healthcare" is where taxes are used to offer low-cost or free-at-point-of-service (i.e. you don't pay when you use it) healthcare. Housing, food assistance, and education are commonly offered with such programs.


Question: Why do you feel more full from consuming some forms of calories (protein, salad) than other forms (Cheetos?)

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 Why do you feel more full from consuming some forms of calories (protein, salad) than other forms (Cheetos?)

Calories isn’t what goes into your stomach. It’s the types of food that makes you feel full. Cheetos (I don’t know if you’ve noticed) break down easier than most other foods. These snacks that are filled with calories will be metabolized and used quickly compared to denser foods. (Simple v. complex carbs)


Question: Soap cleans our hands, what cleans the soap?

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 Soap cleans our hands, what cleans the soap?

Nothing cleans the soap. Or, rather, it's cleaned by being removed. I'm sure you've noticed that your bar of soap gets smaller as you use it -- it's being removed from the bar as you rub it on your body, and it's carrying the dirt and grease away as it goes.


Question: What makes you a good singer?

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 What makes you a good singer?

Great question! Lets define "good" in two ways. There are "good" singers that are merely okay, or are very good but only at a couple things, however they are called "good singers" because they're incredibly popular or well-loved. Then there are "good" singers that employ excellent technique and artistry. Many times these two categories overlap, but not always. When it comes to the first one, a lot of it is just luck and connections, and the rest is largely artistic merit and ability to really dig into a certain sound. When it comes to the second one, it has to do with the singers ability to use their instrument (body) in the most expressive, accurate, and powerful way. Some of this can be done by imitating things that are easily taught, like breathing and pitch matching. However, much of it has to do with one's ability to use their own unique skull and sinus structure to its full potential, which cannot be easily "imitated" and must be felt out and listened to and fine-tuned, and felt out and listened to and fine-tuned, over and over.


Question: Why do some rivers create the Grand Canyon and others barely cause any erosion?

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 Why do some rivers create the Grand Canyon and others barely cause any erosion?

It's interesting because at first glance you might think it's all about age: maybe it's because the Grand Canyon is super old and the other rivers aren't as old, right? Seems reasonable. Interestingly enough though, the Colorado River is fairly young. Estimates put it at around 3-5 million years old which is but a fraction of the estimated age of the Missippi River (~40 million years old). If it was just age then the Missippi would have carved a giant canyon by now, right? But there are other factors at play. Hopefully, an actual geologist shows up to answer your question in more detail but barring that here you go in the meantime. What makes the Grand Canyon unique among rivers in North America (to be clear there are some huge canyons in other places in the world like the Yarlung Zangbo in Tibet) is that not only was there a meandering and relatively slow-moving river to start with that began carving through the stone in the area, but that area also began to rise over the years thanks to tectonic activity. The whole section literally got pushed up by the Earth's tectonic movements. Imagine you're cutting into a tree slowly, trying to carve it into a fork, and it's also growing upwards as you're slowly cutting. When you're finally done cutting the thing, the "fork" you've made will be so much deeper than it otherwise would have been if you'd just been sawing at a log because the tree was rising up as you were slowly sawing through it. That tectonic activity also pushed up the Rockies, which became a high point for the river and a collection point for snow and water shed. So as time went on the Rockies dumped huge amounts of water down into the Colorado River which rapidly accelerated the "cutting" of the rock. It was like switching from a small pruning saw to a chainsaw, geologically speaking. If you've ever been to the tail end of the Colorado River *today* it seems pretty underwhelming. The river has been tapped so many times along the flow to provide for irrigation, it is just this sad trickle. Most of the year it doesn't even flow enough at the end to even rush into the ocean anymore. But man, back in the day it was *insane*. Even as recently as the 19th century before the river was tapped by multiple irrigation projects the spring melt runoff was unbelievable. Accounts from early explorers and settlers that lived in the area described it as this thunderous flow that blew out the end of the river into the ocean like a sea emptying in some biblical way. It wasn't some little increase in a barely-trickle flow, it was like a dam had broken up in the mountains. We're talking at a peak flood discharge in the late 19th century the river was recorded discharging almost 400,000 cubic feet *per second* into the Gulf of California. There are 88,000 cubic feet of water in an Olympic-sized swimming pool. So during the spring/summer runoff, the river was dumping the equivalent of 4-5 Olympic pools worth of water into the Gulf *per second*. You can imagine that flow every spring over millions of years carved *a lot* of rock.


Question: How are so many bits stored in a terabyte hard drive?

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 How are so many bits stored in a terabyte hard drive?

Different for HDD and SSD. HDD is just a very thin magnetic layer, the trick is to magnetize just a very small area by applying a short impulse of magnetic field with your read/write head. So it's pretty much like a CD, a bit is like a tiny "hole" but it can be overwritten. SSD is made like a CPU. Very tiny switches in nanometer size are "printed" on the silicon in the photolithographic process. In short you put photoresist on it, place a foil printed copy of your circuits above, shiny light on it to harden the photoresist, remove nonhardened photoresist, shoot conductive material on it whereever the photoresist doesn't prevent it. There are a bunch more details, but that fills a lecture and not an ELI5 post


Question: Why are there so many Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable installations on my computer? Surely one for each year is enough?

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 Why are there so many Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable installations on my computer? Surely one for each year is enough?

Each program will require a specific version of the library, and if 2 programs point to slightly different versions we can't just pick 1 because, while unlikely, using the wrong version could result in different things happening. So, why so many versions? Well, patches mainly. A lot of bugs get found over the course of a year, and they (hopefully) get fixed as fast as they are found. Waiting a full year to release a bugfix would be frustrating to users, and possibly downright dangerous if the bug is a security flaw. So, many releases happen each year.


Question: My state put a small income tax ( 0.1% or so) to fund its public transit system. Why not just raise ticket prices to do the same?

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 My state put a small income tax ( 0.1% or so) to fund its public transit system. Why not just raise ticket prices to do the same?

Raising the fares would cause more people up find another way to get to work, so it would actually hurt the transit system. It would also hurt the people who can least afford to have a higher cost, while a higher tax subsidizes the poor with the income of the rich who would never consider taking the bus.


Question: What is the Fourier decomposition technique?

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 What is the Fourier decomposition technique?

i don't know how it applies to astrophysics, but i see no answers so i'll write what i do know basically, fourier decomposition is breaking down some function into simpler trigonometric functions. literally any function can be turned into three parts. 1- a constant 2- sine waves 3- cosine waves this applies to ANY function. even a square wave or a random scribble can be broken down into these parts. most require an infinite series of sine/cosine waves, so for any applications (such as signals in electrical engineering) they must be approximated. but just reading a little bit in the paper makes it seem like they use the sine/cosine equations to represent light curves. which makes sense, since it's a good way to represent irregular signals/functions with math.


Question: How are news broadcasting companies alerted so quickly about serious crimes and other newsworthy material?

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 How are news broadcasting companies alerted so quickly about serious crimes and other newsworthy material?

There’s an organization called the Associated Press (AP) that collects stories from news-gathering organizations worldwide and publishes them on what’s known as a “wire” service, which is an electronic real-time news feed. This was happening as early as 1914, when it used telegraph wires (hence the term “wire service”). News media companies subscribe to the AP wire service, which alerts them in real time when stories are published.


Question: Why do your earbuds emit a high pitched noise whenever you walk past the detectors at a library?

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 Why do your earbuds emit a high pitched noise whenever you walk past the detectors at a library?

Because the detectors transmit a signal that interferes with the amplifier in your audio player. Those detectors work in a couple of ways - One is where the signal they transmit is picked up by a coil in the book, which is connected to a small chip that transmits it's number whenever it gets power. The coils pick up this number, and the computer checks that the book linked to it has been properly checked out. The other is that the signal simply induces a current in a coil attached to the book, robbing energy from the system. The system detects this and knows that a tag is passing by. For these, the tag is either removed or disabled when the book is checked out. Both of these rely on signals that can be picked up by a simple audio amplifier.


Question: It seems clear that subatomic particles aren't solid little spheres, what are they?

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 It seems clear that subatomic particles aren't solid little spheres, what are they?

Bear with me, physicists, this is super ELI5... Subatomic particles are both an infinitely-small dot, and a spread-out fuzzy cloud representing the chances that this dot will be seen at any given location. But that gives the wrong idea that the dot is the real particle, and the cloud is just a description of it. But in every sense that matters, the "cloud of maybe" *is* the particle. Yes this is deeply weird.


Question: What makes isopropyl alcohol better at sterilization than soap, for example?

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 What makes isopropyl alcohol better at sterilization than soap, for example?

When you use soap you don't exactly kill germs. Instead, you wash them off the surface they're attached to. Therefore there is a chance that some of them will remain on the surface. Alcohol on the other hand along with the washing capacity also degenerates (kills) the germs so even those that won't be removed from the surface will be heavily damaged and harmless.


Question: Why are exclusivity deals not classed as monopolies?

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 Why are exclusivity deals not classed as monopolies?

A monopoly, one that requires antitrust law to be invoked, is far more complicated than preventing competition. They fall under three main categories: & #x200B; The Sherman Act - Companies conspiring to restrain foreign and domestic trade by fixing prices, rigging bids, and allocating customers, among other things. This is the main antitrust law. & #x200B; The Clayton Act - Intended to prevent mergers that lessen competition, although recent mergers have made a joke of this & #x200B; There's also the act that created the FTC, but that's really all it did, to police the antitrust laws. & #x200B; The monopoly is mainly defined under the Sherman Act, "... \[a\] person who shall monopolize, or attempt to monopolize ... any part of the trade or commerce among the several States". What this means, as compared to signing an exclusivity deal with one company, where other companies are still allowed to compete reasonably. The company or entity has to have nearly complete control over a sector of commerce in multiple states, so much so that they are able to prevent competition from rising and competing through actions on their end. The only time an exclusivity deal would fall under the Sherman Act would be when a wholesaler or retailer is required to purchase all their products through a single independent supplier, not one which is part of the company.


Question: what causes inflation, and what is the purpose of it?

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 what causes inflation, and what is the purpose of it?

Currency and wealth are two different things. Wealth is any that have value for human (natural resources, products and services). Currency is just a representation of that wealth for easier trading. There is a relation of supply and demand between currency and wealth. The demand is the wealth, because the more wealth you have the more you want to trade it. The currency is the supply, because you need it to trade your wealth. Wealth in general will increase over time. More population to work, better technology to produce more, etc. So if the wealth increase, but your amount of currency stay the same, the value of that currency will go up. That is called deflation and it's not good for the growth of the economy. So the better option is to add more currency overtime to the economy to counterbalance this wealth increase. We add currency in an indirect way and it's really hard to estimate how much wealth was added to the economy, so it's basically impossible to always add exactly the same amount of currency as the wealth increased. So instead we add more currency than the wealth increased, which create inflation. The optimal target is around 2% inflation. This way with variation it should rarely go into deflation and if you keep control of your economy, you shouldn't get too high in inflation, which would be a huge problem for the economy too. At 2% of inflation you stay in a safe zone and in addition you incentivize people to invest their money. Invested money is circulating money. It's used to buy a new house, build a new factory, etc. It create work and growth the economy faster than if we would just keep our money hidden somewhere.


Question: How has the Panama Canal effected fish and wild life in the Atlantic and Pacific that previously had no interaction?

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 How has the Panama Canal effected fish and wild life in the Atlantic and Pacific that previously had no interaction?

Marine life can physically traverse the canal and locks. However, the Panama Canal connects two salt water bodies together with roughly 40 miles of freshwater. So, while the fish could physically traverse the locks and canal, it is unlikely that they would survive the 40 miles of freshwater travel needed to pass through the canal. There have been multiple studies as this question is not uncommon, but I believe it is still not known of any marine life that has successfully passed the entire canal from one ocean to the next. *Edit:* I should clarify I was speaking to larger marine life. /u/datums brings up a very good point for smaller marine life. URL_0


Question: How do sinkholes happen out of nowhere?

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 How do sinkholes happen out of nowhere?

Since what's happening beneath the road or soil is mostly invisible sinkholes appear to come out of nowhere but in actuality a lot was happening under the ground. Most of the time it is soil erosion, and when it gets to a point where the soil can no longer support the structures above ground, a sinkhole happens.


Question: How does "Diplomatic Immunity" work?

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 How does "Diplomatic Immunity" work?

Diplomats are sent out to negotiate with foreign governments. When you send out someone to negotiate on your behalf you have a need to tell them stuff that the people they negotiate with aren't to know - like for instance the minimum they must get in a deal for it to be acceptable. Since every country has this need to protect the secrecy of what they say to their diplomats and what the diplomats know and do, they (mostly) agree to a trade. I won't bother your diplomats and you won't bother mine. This is the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. Diplomatic immunity means the sending country shields the staff of a diplomatic mission from many ordinary state powers like search and seizure of personal effects/property, arrest and prosecution for crimes. If there's evidence of wrongdoing the host country can only * present that evidence to the sending country and ask that they *waive immunity* - allow the person to be prosecuted by the host country without claiming immunity. * declare the relevant people *persona non grata* - unwelcome in the host country. They must then leave the host country within a reasonable timeframe or they are no longer covered by the immunity of the diplomatic mission.


Question: What is half life, and why is it important?

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 What is half life, and why is it important?

Imagine you have a billion atoms of, say, Cobalt 60. The half life of Co-60 is 5.27 years. In 5.27 years, half of them will have decayed into something else, so you'll have half a billion atoms. Another 5.27 years later, or a total of 10.54 years after you had the billion, half of the half that was left will also have decayed; 1/4 of a billion will be left. This is important for many reasons. It lets us do radioisotope dating, calculate how long until things will be safe to handle, etc.


Question: I Still Don't Understand What Entropy Is?

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 I Still Don't Understand What Entropy Is?

This isn't the proper definition, but I find thinking of "entropy" along the same line as "disorder" to be very helpful. The 2nd law of thermodynamics that the entropy of a closed system will increase over time. Let's think about this concretely - imagine your room. You had just spent a lot of energy cleaning it, so the entropy of your room is low. Over time, your room gets messier and messier, more disorganized over time. Thus, the entropy of your room has been increasing due to becoming more disorganized.


Question: How do banks basically work? Like how do they return interests and how do they earn a profit?

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 How do banks basically work? Like how do they return interests and how do they earn a profit?

In the most basic sense, they take the money deposited to them and loan it out to other account holders. Say your savings account earns 1% interest on all the money held there. The bank would then borrow that money, combine it with other account holders’ money, and loan it out to someone for a house mortgage or car loan. To make money, they will charge the person asking for the car loan 7% interest. They make money by lending out your money for more than they are paying you to use it.


Question: Why is weather temperature different with the same amount of sunlight?

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 Why is weather temperature different with the same amount of sunlight?

Temperature isn't all to do with the amount of sunlight. The intensity of the rays vary by season so a winter day you could have a seemingly bright sunny day, but because the Earth is tilted away we receive fewer solar rays and are thus getting less energy. It also depends on wind direction. If the wind is from the north it can move a colder air mass over an area which was warmer the previous day. Vice-versa it can bring a warmer air mass from the south if blowing from that direction.


Question: Have relationships between organisms that had been established before molecular biology been confirmed with genetics?

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 Have relationships between organisms that had been established before molecular biology been confirmed with genetics?

Yes. Modern taxonomy is mostly based on molecular biology and genetic similarity, not form and function, and has indeed revealed that many of the original groups weren't descendants of common ancestors after all. Of course, form isn't a *complete* coincidence, so a lot of this took the form of small adjustments moreso than totally remaking the taxonomy. Probably the biggest exception to this rule is birds not being relatives of dinosaurs as originally thought, but just being, well, dinosaurs.


Question: why you feel so weird when awaking after you faint?

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 why you feel so weird when awaking after you faint?

You likely fainted because of insufficient blood flow/pressure to the brain. This means the brain cells were not getting the oxygen and fuel they need, or shedding their wastes. After about 5 minutes of that you start to get brain damage so... not great. When you awoke it was the point where enough brain cells could function enough to sustain consciousness, but there were still quite a few others that were not functioning properly. So you were "awake" but not fully "you".


Question: Is it possible to explain and give an example of EBITDA for a 5 year old?

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 Is it possible to explain and give an example of EBITDA for a 5 year old?

Companies make money ("earnings") by getting paid to do stuff. They also have costs...they have to pay employees, taxes, buy equipment, pay rent, etc. As long as your money in is bigger than your costs, you're making money. But...some of the costs are things you can control and some aren't. You can't control taxes. You also can't really control accounting rules, which is how companies keep track of all the different costs are spread out over time and the stuff they own. EBITDA takes out all the stuff that you don't really control to give you a better measure of how much business the company is really doing and how "healthy" it is, which can be a lot different than what the accountants say.


Question: Why does data stop working while calling?

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 Why does data stop working while calling?

It depends on your carrier. You are most likely using a CDMA carrier such as Sprint and this type of infrastructure does not support being on a call and using data at the same time. CDMA is older technology and basically limits the amount of information that can be sent at any given time. In practice this means you can either be on a call or using data but not both. On the GSM network such as AT & T you can in fact use data and calls at the same time as this is actually required for the way the technology works. Essentially, it's because you're American and you use an older cheaper network which forces your phone to choose between data and calls. Change your carrier and upgrade your phone to something that uses 4G and you'll be able to do both at the same time.


Question: Why is having a credit card (and taking micro loans for everyday purchases) at all a good idea?

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 Why is having a credit card (and taking micro loans for everyday purchases) at all a good idea?

If you pay off your card in full every month you won't pay any interest. In fact, depending on your card you'll likely get cash back or rewards and save money. Using a credit card shows crediting companies that you have the ability to borrow and pay back funds within your means. This helps your credit so when you go to make a larger purchase and take out a large loan for say a house or car you'll get a better interest rate and save money. You also gain the protection to dispute charges after the fact and have your credit card company become an arbitrator. For example, if you pay an up front deposit with a credit card for a service and then the service falls short or does not come through you can often get your money back with a phone call rather than taking the person to small claims court.


Question: How can one companies 5G be “better” than another? Doesn’t 5G refer to the speed/strength of the connection?

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 How can one companies 5G be “better” than another? Doesn’t 5G refer to the speed/strength of the connection?

It all has to do with "coverage." 5G is a *standard*, agreed upon by industry. The only difference has to do with how close you are to a 5G-capable cell tower (signal strength), which determines just how much you'll be able to do. Anything anyone says apart from that is...marketing drivel.


Question: how does “lite salt” work? How can it have 50% leas sodium

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 how does “lite salt” work? How can it have 50% leas sodium

From the Morton website, the lite salt has potassium chloride subsituted in for sodium chloride (table salt). This reduces the sodium in your diet. Potassium chloride is another kind of salt. It does also has a metallic/bitter flavour compared to table salt, though it is still the most popular sodium chloride substitute.


Question: Why are ancient ruins typically found buried underneath other developments or under layers of earth? What process causes then to sink or become covered?

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 Why are ancient ruins typically found buried underneath other developments or under layers of earth? What process causes then to sink or become covered?

The short answer to the first question is, because the stuff that *didn't* get buried didn't survive. So all that remains is stuff that, for one reason or another, ended up underground. The "one reason or another" could be a lot of things. Soil gets deposited in some places just like it gets eroded in other places. River sediment, shifting sand dunes, whatever. And settlements tend to accumulate material. This is why streets need to be swept. People bring dirt with them and leave garbage behind. Without sewers and reliable garbage collection, it just becomes steadily growing layer.


Question: Why do rockets go straight up rather than take off similar to an aeroplanes?

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 Why do rockets go straight up rather than take off similar to an aeroplanes?

The actual savings to be made from this are tiny. A rocket doesn't use most of its fuel getting off the ground and gaining altitude--most of its fuel is burned in getting up to 17,000mph (orbital velocity) so it doesn't just fall back down as soon as it gets into space. The sheer amount of fuel required to do that is way beyond what even the biggest aircraft can carry--even a relatively small rocket like a Falcon 9 weighs more than 300 tons fully fueled, whereas the largest aircraft currently flying is the Tupolev Tu-160 at 121 tons. There's also the problem that once you've actually got out of the atmosphere, the wings and other control surfaces are pure dead weight that don't offer any benefits and reduce the available payload. The total payload a Shuttle could lift to LEO was less than 30 tons, a tiny fraction what a Saturn 5 rocket could manage, because of all that extra weight in structure and wings required to allow the thing to fly in atmosphere.


Question: Why are most smartphone touchscreens made out of glass instead of plastic?

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</answer>
 Why are most smartphone touchscreens made out of glass instead of plastic?

Even though plastic screens don't crack and cost less, glass screens are more durable in the end. Glass cracks sure, but they don't get scratched as much, which is mostly what happens. Most phones are scratched more often than cracked so it's better in the long run. Think if you had to put your phone in the same pocket with coins and keys like some people do, you would get it scratched every time you put it in your pocket if you had a plastic screen. Also, glass screens are better for touchscreen devices since it makes it easier to register touches by the sensors. I watch a lot of phone scratch test videos and most smartphones with a glass screen will scratch at a Lv 6-7 on mohs hardness scale while plastic screens scratch at a Lv 3. Think about the new Nintendo Switch. It has a plastic screen because Nintendo thinks that you will have it kept tidy, and you won't have it in your pocket damaging the screen.


Question: what is a Mandelbrot zoom?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
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 what is a Mandelbrot zoom?

It's a graphical representation of a mathematical concept called a "fractal". Fractals are shapes that contain themselves and repeat forever. They're everywhere in nature. A mathematician named Mandelbrot was the first one to describe them, so that's why the video is named that. Because they repeat forever you can zoom in on any point and eventually you will see the same thing you've seen before.


Question: since AIDS is no longer considered a “homosexual disease” why do blood banks still ask if a man has had sexual contact with another man, on the questionnaire?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 since AIDS is no longer considered a “homosexual disease” why do blood banks still ask if a man has had sexual contact with another man, on the questionnaire?

While it's not still considered a "homosexual disease" HIV/AIDS is still very prevalent in the homosexual community. Gay and bisexual men make up 70% of all new cases of HIV, despite them being less than 1.7% of the population (assuming 50% of homosexuals and bisexuals are male). This is partly because of behavioral tendencies of gay/bisexual men who tend to have more anonymous partners and have unprotected sex. Also, anal sex is more traumatic to tissues than vaginal sex. The rectum is not built to accommodate sexual intercourse like the vagina is, so there is a higher chance of the HIV virus entering the bloodstream via anal sex than vaginal sex. So the question for blood donation is, "Are you a male who has had anal sex, even once, with another man?" Saying yes may disqualify your donation as this behavior has a significantly higher chance of having HIV than other donor types. Yes, they do test blood for HIV and Hepatitis, but these tests are reliant on antibodies. If you were infected within the previous month, you could still be infected but it wouldn't show up on a test.


Question: Why does the bullet go where the sight of the gun is even tho the barrel is lower than the sight?

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 Why does the bullet go where the sight of the gun is even tho the barrel is lower than the sight?

You set the sights up so they “zero” at a certain distance. The barrel will be angled very slightly up compared to the sights. Imagine you draw a line straight down the sights and another straight down the barrel - they’ll intersect at some distance away. You set up the sights so the bullet lands on the bullseye at a known distance (eg 100 yards). (The actual process also compensates for “bullet drop” as the bullet is continually being pulled down by gravity just as one you drop out of your hand would be. Then if you want to shoot further - say 200 yards you adjust the sights by a configured amount (“clicks”) on the adjustment wheel to compensate for the bullet falling over the second 100 yards of the shot. The “misalignment” is actually essential to being able to shoot any significant distance. If the sights somehow were completely aligned with the barrel then you couldn’t make the required adjustments to compensate for the bullet falling during its flight.


Question: if adrenaline manage to makes us stronger on specific emergencies, why haven't we harvest these effects to try to makes us stronger all the time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
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 if adrenaline manage to makes us stronger on specific emergencies, why haven't we harvest these effects to try to makes us stronger all the time?

Your muscles are strong enough to tear themselves, but usually there’s an unconscious limit placed on them to avoid damage. An adrenaline surge can remove that limit and enable some impressive feats of strength... at massive risk of injury. The stress response also places significant strain on the cardiovascular system and blunts your decision making. Your ability to think calmly and logically drops when your body is in war mode, you’re only prepared to enact violence.


Question: How do movie studios make money from box office sales?

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 How do movie studios make money from box office sales?

Theaters agree to give a certain percentage of ticket sales back to the studio in exchange for rights to display the movie. Exactly how big a percentage is negotiated when theaters purchase the rights to show movies. Big chains often return a fairly small percent, since they have a lot of negotiating power, while smaller chains and independent operators usually pay more.


Question: Why is it that most people don't like hearing their own voice when recorded?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that most people don't like hearing their own voice when recorded?

Bone conduction plays a big role. We hear our own voice both through vibrations in air getting to the ear drum, and by vibration in the jaw getting to the tiny bones of the inner ear. As a result, the version of our voice we hear is a bit deeper and stronger than that heard by those around us, and recordings tend to sound weaker, higher, and only partly familiar. The other piece is imperfect recording and playback. Microphones and speakers may not evenly cover all the frequencies involved in human speech, and can further distort what a voice sounds like.


Question: How does lightning form ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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</answer>
 How does lightning form ?

Think of lighting as a big static shock, same as if you rubbed your feet on a carpet and touched a doorknob. Like your feet on the carpet, the water and ice particles in the cloud rub against each other. This creates charged particles, negative towards the bottom of the cloud and positive towards the top. Once the negative charge is big enough, it will attract to positive charge in the ground, because opposites attract. This is like when you touch the doorknob, the opposite charges connect making an electric shock. Now, it should be said, there is POSITIVE lightning too but it is much more rare.


Question: Why people often forget what was their task when moving from one room to another?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why people often forget what was their task when moving from one room to another?

It’s referred to as “location amnesia”. Oh wait, have to run back inside for something important (wallet, phone, keys etc.) After that thought, your brain is now processing movement into the other room. Also, as soon as you enter another room, the brain is flooded with the new sensory information of that room. All the moving and sensory info gets uploaded into the area of the brain where that task was being stored. It’s like opening up an app on your phone and then immediately calling someone. Your brain is focused on getting to the new location and processing what it’s seeing in the new location to remember that thing you were looking for.


Question: Why does wind blow in gusts?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does wind blow in gusts?

Ok so this is a complex question and it boils down to a lot of different factors are controlling the winds, from convection cells to jet streams, even the fucking moon plays a role in it. High and low pressure especially though, basically the high and low pressure winds are competing and clashing so they are pushed up and down, wind doesn’t stop blowing it just moves up TLDR- wind go up


Question: How are video cameras and equipment not seen when the film/show features a character looking right at the mirror?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are video cameras and equipment not seen when the film/show features a character looking right at the mirror?

Cameras can be hidden in various ways but the most common method is to film at an angle where it is just out of frame. Obviously if the actor was exactly straight on to their reflection then the camera would need to be right behind their head. Another way is to just have no mirror at all and film through a frame that looks like a mirror.


Question: How do scalper bots buying electronics get past the “are you a robot” check?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do scalper bots buying electronics get past the “are you a robot” check?

There are services that allow you to send captchas to real humans elsewhere and have them do it and send the results back to the bot to put in. Or there are other bots trained to defeat captcha and can be accessed by the scalper bots to fill it out in a fraction of a second (or purposefully longer depending on what the captcha system looks for)


Question: Why are obvious MLM's/pyramid schemes (like herbalife, huns,... ) not illegal in the USA?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are obvious MLM's/pyramid schemes (like herbalife, huns,... ) not illegal in the USA?

The main reason is that they are not pyramid schemes. A pyramid scheme is a scheme where early investors are paid not out of profits from the investment, but from the initiation fees or investments of later members. There is no underlying business model (or, at least, not one capable of sustaining the business) in these schemes - they only exist because new members come in. In contrast, businesses like Herbalife _do_ sell product and most of their revenue does come from product sales. Now, you can make _more_ money if you recruit additional people to sell, but your profits still come from actual sales of product (be those from yourself or from your recruits). Maybe they _should_ be illegal because the recruitment is a bit deceptive, but they don't operate like pyramid schemes so they shouldn't be illegal just be cause such schemes are.


Question: I've never seen banana seeds. Where do new bananas come from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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</answer>
 I've never seen banana seeds. Where do new bananas come from?

The bananas we eat are infertile. They've been selectively bred to have small seeds and over time the seeds basically just disappeared. (Those small specs in the banana are technically seeds) Most bananas are clones. Replanting banana tree trimmings actually let's you grow an entire other tree, although genetically it's identical to it's parent.


Question: when someone massages you and hits a knot, why do you sometimes feel it in an entirely different spot on your body? Also, why does it feel isolated and not like a connected pain?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 when someone massages you and hits a knot, why do you sometimes feel it in an entirely different spot on your body? Also, why does it feel isolated and not like a connected pain?

Your nerves are basically wires that carry signals from your body to your brain. Your brain has no idea where those wires are routed, it's just learned over time that wire "A", say, is connected to the tip of your finger so if you get a signal on A then you "feel it" at your fingertip. But in order to get back to your brain your nerves are routed all over your body. When you have a knot you've got pain/tension receptors there (that are wired back to your brain and are why you can feel the knot) but you've also got \*other\* wires running through that area from other parts of your body. When you massage the knot you can also stimulate those nerves, and your brain has no idea that the stimulation isn't coming from the normal location. So if A runs through a knot in your back and you work the knot and set A off, your brain just sees a signal on A and you feel it in your fingertip. There's no intermediate sensation because you're not stimulating in between...all the physical action is happening at the knot. That sets off the receptors around the knot (why it feels good) and anything running through the area, which your brain feels at whatever location it associates with those nerves. In theory, you could set off exactly the right combination of nerves to get a continuous sensation over an extended area but it would take very specific stimulation.