Question: How does flying standby work?

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 How does flying standby work?

In general, standby airline tickets only grant you a seat on a flight if there is extra space after all other ticketed passengers board (such as passengers who missed their flight or an airline couldn't fill the plane otherwise). They are often given out as a privilege to loyalty program members and employees (to take an earlier flight than booked, or to fly strictly conditionally on free space) and sometimes as compensation for overbooked flights (say if the immediate next flight was also fully booked, but the airline gives the option of taking it standby if a passenger no-shows.)


Question: Why is it the faster we go in and vehicle or mode of transportation we get wobbly?

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 Why is it the faster we go in and vehicle or mode of transportation we get wobbly?

Because no matter what medium you're traveling on/in, there are irregularities and the faster you pass over/through them, the more quickly they displace you. Think of it like someone grabbing your shoulders and moving them back and forth. If they do it slowly, you dont feel much of an effect. If they do it quickly, your head will whip back and forth.


Question: How does binary code translate into, for example, a 4k movie?

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 How does binary code translate into, for example, a 4k movie?

Binary code is just numbers. Only instead of counting: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5... you count: 0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101. Both are exactly the same thing, just represented differently. Then, a movie is just a set of images. For a 4K movie you have 3840 columns by 2160 rows. Each pixel is divided in red, green and blue components, which normally has 8 bits for each. So you have a value from 0 to 255 for each of red, green, and blue. 0 would be black, 255 would be 100% red, green or blue. 128 would be 50%. A combination of red, green and blue mixes to create different colors thanks to the way our eyes work. In practice of course 4K movies are heavily compressed, as the space requirements for uncompressed 4K video is enormous.


Question: can you die from ingesting too many calories?

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 can you die from ingesting too many calories?

Well, how are you going to feed anyone that many calories? As an example, pure fat is one of the highest calorie foodstuffs there is, and it has around 10 calories per gramme. That means you'd need to eat 100kg of pure fat to get a million calories, and there's no way you could fit anything close to that in your stomach--so either you get force fed and die from a burst stomach, or you try and force \*yourself\* to eat and most likely end up vomiting most of it away, or you have to spread the eating out over several days in which case it's no longer a million calories in a single serving.


Question: Why is the South Pole so much colder than the North Pole?

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 Why is the South Pole so much colder than the North Pole?

Being near water, even cold-ass water, moderates your temperature a bit. Cities next to the ocean usually don't get ultra-hot summers or ultra-cold winters. In the desert, with no water to smooth things out, you broil all day and freeze all night. The north pole is actually over the Arctic Ocean; when you're standing there you're standing on ice with 0^(o)C water underneath. But the south pole is in the middle of a continent, a couple thousand miles from water. Makes a difference.


Question: How come low unemployment rates don't directly translate into higher wages?

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 How come low unemployment rates don't directly translate into higher wages?

Because wages are also a signaling mechanism. If you operate a business, you've got employees at all levels and you pay those employees enough to keep them happy enough that they don't leave. That means what you pay them is strongly related to their expectations. People expect to be paid around the industry standard for their profession. They expect to be paid in accordance to their years of service/experience. They expect to be paid based on their level in the company. They also expect to be paid more than they were in the past. If you violate these expectations, you'll end up with workers leaving - even if their pay is competitive in the market. So let's say you've got a line of widget wranglers. You pay all of them $10/hour. Unemployment drops and you simply can't find new widget wranglers to replace the ones who retire or drop out of the workforce at $10/hour. So you offer $12/hour to new hires. How do you think that makes your existing employees feel once they find out? Probably pretty angry. So before you can offer $12/hour to new widget wranglers, you've got to give all your *old* widget wranglers $12/hour. Which means giving a raise to all their supervisor so they're not being paid less than their subordinates - which means giving a raise to all *their* supervisors, etc. Now you've give a company-wide raise to everyone just so you can hire a few widget-wranglers. Suddenly a recession occurs. Now you've got a massive payroll you can't afford. But you can't simply cut wages - your employees would feel insulted and leave. So you're losing money hand over foot simply because you needed a very junior level of employee. The alternative? You could have simply not hired that extra widget wrangler at $12/hour and waited it out until you found someone willing to accept $10/hour. The latter strategy is almost always the more sensible one.


Question: why CalTrain has to honk EVERYTIME that cross a city? What is the actual reason? Is it really that necessary?

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 why CalTrain has to honk EVERYTIME that cross a city? What is the actual reason? Is it really that necessary?

The US has very strict signalling laws for public transportation. Especially when it comes to trains. The law about signalling when approaching a railroad crossing is there because even with the guardarms it is still the responsibility of the operator to signal (as malfunctions with guardarms can and do happen, and people do try to go around them.)


Question: How does government spending and accommodative monetary policy supposedly lower unemployment?

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 How does government spending and accommodative monetary policy supposedly lower unemployment?

By lowering interest rates, we make it cheaper for companies to borrow. The cheaper it is for a company to borrow, the more investing (via borrowing, buying hardware, hiring people, and paying back the debt in the long term) the company can do, and the more widgets the company can make and sell. Cheap *short-term* borrowing is really important for big businesses, because it’s usually easier and cheaper to borrow overnight than to keep oodles of cash lying around. Ask me about the 2008 recession and GE Credit if you want a horror story. Again, cheaper loans = more investment = more jobs. Meanwhile, if I want to buy a house or a car, it’s cheaper for me when interest rates are lower. The cheaper it is for me to borrow money, the more likely I am to buy a car/house. This also applies to credit card purchases of luxury goods (laptops, TVs, etc.). In turn, when I buy lore stuff, I increase demand for stuff, and that causes suppliers to increase output or allow the price to rise (more profits, in theory). I’m not sure about bonds.


Question: Why are cryptocurrencies (e.g. BitShares) able to increase by ~250% in 48 hours while the rest of technology stocks fall drastically?

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 Why are cryptocurrencies (e.g. BitShares) able to increase by ~250% in 48 hours while the rest of technology stocks fall drastically?

Because the increase in value of a cryptocurrency is based on speculation to try and turn a short term profit. As soon as some plurality of investors get cold feet, everyone sells and the value plummets. The number of investors willing to engage with that kind of risk is relatively small, so each investor has a more sizable impact on the value of the currency. Thus when people start to go on a bender, the volatility is significant.


Question: Why does it take a lot of time to move, let's say, 600GB of archives between two folders in Windows 10, but it's almost instantaneous to move the folder itself (with all those archives inside) to another?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 Why does it take a lot of time to move, let's say, 600GB of archives between two folders in Windows 10, but it's almost instantaneous to move the folder itself (with all those archives inside) to another?

The way the file system works is that the windows explorer hierarchy is just pointers to the actual physical location on the drive. And moving stuff between different folders in the windows explorer hierarchy isnt moving the actual data. It only moves the actual data if you're trying to move it between two different drives. It's like you have a lot of junk in your garage and you created a filing cabinet with different folders with paper that that specifies where something is in the garage. You move a piece of paper from one folder in the filing cabinet to another folder. That's fast right?


Question: How are working bees determined as female?

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 How are working bees determined as female?

Worker bees are simply sexually immature females. Queens are sexually mature females. The difference is that queens were fed far more royal jelly, a high-protein substance, during their larval stage — the worker bees fed these larva more royal jelly in order to create new queens. That triggered them to reach sexual maturity, whereas workers remain in a sexually immature state. Basically, imagine that workers haven’t and will never go through puberty (obviously that’s an imperfect comparison, but you get the drift), whereas a queen did.


Question: why does boiling water make bubbles?

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 why does boiling water make bubbles?

It's the steam. When you boil water you are heating it to a state change tempreature (liquid to gas). The bubbles form at the bottom as this is the heat source, where enough energy was given to a small amount of the liquid water to convert it into gas water (steam). You see the bubble because of the volume difference between the two states. Ie. 1 gram of liquid water takes up 1ml of volume. 1 gram gas water takes up about 1.7L of volume.


Question: Why was Ted Cruz (Born in Calgary, Canada) eligible for US president when there was a whole lot of discussion about ineligibility on Barack Obama due to his birth certificate?

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 Why was Ted Cruz (Born in Calgary, Canada) eligible for US president when there was a whole lot of discussion about ineligibility on Barack Obama due to his birth certificate?

natural born citizen is required however that phrase is not defined in the constitution. Chances are if he runs someone will challenge in court. The supreme Court will make a decision and the growing consensus among constitutional scholars that a person born abroad, but legally deemed a U.S. citizen at birth, is “natural born” enough, Cruz would be allowed to run and serve if elected.


Question: How come it feels like you're freezing when you have a fever?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 How come it feels like you're freezing when you have a fever?

Your brain has an area that keeps your body at a normal temperature, typically 98.6°F. When your body is below that you feel cold (your brain telling you to go somewhere warmer or put on a jacket) and to shiver to increase the temp back to 98.6°F. When you feel warm and sweat it is your brain trying to get your overheated body back down. When you get a fever it is because your brain changes the thermostat setting. Suddenly in order for you to feel comfortable you need to reach 102°F or whatever the new “setting” is. An environment that normally is fine will feel chilly bc anything below that temperature feels cool. And then when your fever breaks and the setting goes back down to 98.6°F you will be way too hot so your body responds by sweating to cool you down. If you have ever gone to bed with a fever and woken up thinking you wet the bed, but feeling much better, that’s why!


Question: How do Americans afford/pay for their extortionate healthcare fees and why is the government so unwilling to help?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
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 How do Americans afford/pay for their extortionate healthcare fees and why is the government so unwilling to help?

I'm from the U.K., live in the US now. I'm a healthy 23 year old and my health insurance is about $150 a month. My deductible is $6k. The problem, or at least how I see it is, the health care industry here is a massive, multi-billion dollar industry that makes a lot of people very rich. For Christs sake, there's hospitals here with huge fuck-off fountains in the lobby. Marbled floors, etc. Pharmaceutical companies advertise their medications on TV and tell people to ask their doctors about them. (Yes, America, this blew my mind when I moved here.) Meanwhile, others lose their homes getting treatment for an ambulance ride, cancer, a car accident, etc. The government, at this point, can't/won't turn around and establish an NHS-style health system because 1. Money. 2. There's a lot of 'socialist' propaganda that people who live in countries with taxpayer funded free healthcare die waiting in the ER for treatment because everything is free so there's always a huge wait. 3. Healthcare industry lobbyists make sure that shit wouldn't pass. 4. People don't want to pay for other people's health care. 5. Money, again.


Question: C3, C4, and CAM pathways. What is the difference between them, and in what type of plant are they used?

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 C3, C4, and CAM pathways. What is the difference between them, and in what type of plant are they used?

C3 converts CO2 into a 3-carbon acid. Most plants use this mechanism, but it works best in wetter areas with moderate temperatures. As temperatures go up, growth is stunted because it becomes less efficient. C4 converts carbon into a 4-carbon acid, and this works in warmer weather with less water. Tropical plants tend to be this. CAM is something else entirely, where the plant takes in carbon dioxide at night and stores it for the daytime use. Then it seals off when the sun comes up to avoid losing water and photosynthesizes using the stored carbon during the day. Orchids, bromeliads, cacti, cactus form spurges, succulents, and other things without much water will use CAM.


Question: Why does a webpage jump around on its own if I am scrolling through it and it is still loading? Shouldn't it recognize that I am scrolling and not jump to where it wants to go?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a webpage jump around on its own if I am scrolling through it and it is still loading? Shouldn't it recognize that I am scrolling and not jump to where it wants to go?

A "feature" known as reflow. It's present in a lot of major web browsers. When the HTML of a page changes (not limited to but is the biggest culprit), it triggers a reflow. The web browser recalculates how it should display and by default it will bring the page back to the top. So you're looking at a Web page reading all of the good content whilst a large image or ad is slowly loading in the background. You get half way through the article and the image finishes loading. It gets rendered on the page.. BAM.. reflow.. you're now back at the top of the page dazed and confused. Rage sets in. Phone gets launched into the nearest wall. You never find out the 10 things that will truly make you happy in life. And the cycle continues.


Question: why do bass tones create more vibrations than high pitch tones?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
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 why do bass tones create more vibrations than high pitch tones?

Lower pitched notes have longer wave lengths than higher pitched notes. They also have larger amplitudes, so the sound waves are both longer and they are larger. This means that more energy is transferred to something like a table or your body than high pitched tones. A good way to think about it is a boat on an ocean. High pitched notes are like small fast waves lapping up on a shore line. Bass tones are like big slow swells. A boat is going to rock way more from a big swell than the fast lapping because the amplitude of the wave is much larger.


Question: When looking at ancient texts, how do we know if there are typos in the language/grammatical errors?

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 When looking at ancient texts, how do we know if there are typos in the language/grammatical errors?

When an example of a common word or expression is found that's slightly different from the other examples, the usual assumption is that this is a misspelling or some other mistake. If the difference is repeated in one piece of writing or in writings presumed to have been written by the same person, it's presumed to be either a local version or just an idiosyncracy - like how some people dot i's with little circles or hearts.


Question: Why do we tend to remember exactly where we were when we learned bad news (that may not effect us personally, such as something on the news)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 Why do we tend to remember exactly where we were when we learned bad news (that may not effect us personally, such as something on the news)?

Firstly, keep in mind that as humans, we learn from experience, and we must remember our experiences to retain this. Very negative experiences or anything else that will cause a significant emotional reaction (e.g. bad news) is something we, as humans, evolved to remember very well. The emotional network of the brain also has a part in memory, and it will enhance and reinforce "bad" memories. In particular, we best remember the "relevant" details. So, if you were mugged, you might remember exactly what the person and the gun looked like, but you may forget the name of the street. We remember bad events in an effort to avoid them. This isn't THAT relevant nowadays, but 20,000 years ago, a caveman might remember that a pink snake bite killed his best friend. Or a cavewoman might remember the location where her younger sister was killed. Such events are important to remember in an effort to see that history does not repeat itself.


Question: How could a senior executive of a company sell any of that company's stock without it being insider trading?

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 How could a senior executive of a company sell any of that company's stock without it being insider trading?

There are two primary ways: 1) They have transactions arranged to sell at pre-determined times well in advance, for example they want to sell $250k worth of shares on the last day of every quarter. 2) There are "blackout" periods where insiders are advised that they are not able to trade. These are typically at the end of a fiscal quarter when executives become aware of financial performance, or ad hoc when there is a material event being discussed like an acquisition. The company's legal department will advise those "in the know" when they can/can't sell because the executive meets the criteria of having "material, non-public" information about the company.


Question: What is a Roth IRA?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a Roth IRA?

A Roth IRA is an individual retirement account that offers tax-free growth and tax-free withdrawals in retirement. Roth IRA rules dictate that as long as you've owned your account for 5 years* and you're age 59½ or older, you can withdraw your money when you want to and you won't owe any federal taxes


Question: Why it is illegal when traveling internationally to bring foods from one country to another, even though those same countries may trade (and sell) the very same foods with which it is illegal for you to travel?

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 Why it is illegal when traveling internationally to bring foods from one country to another, even though those same countries may trade (and sell) the very same foods with which it is illegal for you to travel?

Food being shipped can be carefully inspected and treated to avoid bringing in new parasites or diseases. It can also be quarantined for the length of time necessary to know if it brought in the hazards. Food you picked up at the local market and have in your luggage will not have gone through that same screening Since the quality and hazards of the food you are transporting cannot be known, it is safest for the destination country to prevent random unqualified individuals from importing it.


Question: How do bases and acids actually harm your skin at the physical level?

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 How do bases and acids actually harm your skin at the physical level?

It depends on the type of acid/base, some are inherently nastier than other (like hydrofluoric acid). But if you meant acid/base in the way there are defined (i.e. pH < 7.0 = acid, pH > 7.0 = base), then you can think of it as acid have an excess of H+ ions, and bases have an excess of OH- ions which they really want to get rid of. Without getting into details a series of reactions occur when these H+ and OH- ions eat away at fats and proteins, which is what your skin is mostly made up of.


Question: Why does black/oily snow take so long to melt?

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 Why does black/oily snow take so long to melt?

The black heaps are all the snow and road sludge and debris that the plows picked up and formed into giant piles. The black color *does* accelerate the melting of this pile, but it's so much deeper than the generic snow cover that it tends to last many days after the snow has melted everywhere else. The very last bits of the pile are more garbage than snow, and may not "melt" at all until rain washes it away.


Question: Why are screen resolutions like 1920x1080 rather than 2000x1000?

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 Why are screen resolutions like 1920x1080 rather than 2000x1000?

Originally, the standard was 4:3 since several experiments found that the human eye’s field of view (FoV) was of the same ratio (155° H x 120° V). Hence it was continued as the standard for film, camera and later for TV as well. Now, Hollywood industry had to be something different compared to the home television. As a result, Hollywood came up with widescreen movies with more picture content which created the wow factor and was successful in drawing back crowds to theaters. Since there was no standards body back then, several aspect ratios started cropping up across different film houses, some of the popular ones being Panavision ratio of 2.20:1 and a much wider format called CinemaScope of ratio 2.39:1. This way, Hollywood managed to get back its audience for movies, while casual viewing at home like soap operas & news continued with the 4:3 ratio. Going forward, to accommodate this wide array of aspect ratios under a singular standard, the geometric mean of the extreme ratios (1.33 & 2.39) was taken at approx 1.78, rounded to whole numbers as 16:9. This was done to efficiently cater to all the aspect ratios under the same screen by minimizing the presence black bars across the entire ratio spectrum. Following this 16:9 ratio, screens were manufactured. The resolution or detail (1280x720, 1920x1080) was just a measure of the horizontal and vertical pixel array size and correspondingly, picture clarity.


Question: Why is the inside of a refrigerator cold, but the sides hot?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the inside of a refrigerator cold, but the sides hot?

Refrigerators cool your food by pumping heat energy out of the inside of the fridge. They then dump that heat into the air around the outside of the fridge, typically from the back of the unit. As long as the fridge has sufficient insulation, the heat doesn't really get back in.


Question: How does a evaporative cooler work?

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 How does a evaporative cooler work?

When you leave the shower and enter a cool room, you feel way colder when your skin is still wet, than later when it dries a little. That's because evaporation is endothermic, which is to say that for a droplet to evaporate, it "sponges" heat away from its environment. In this case, it's on your skin, so you're the environment it steals heat from. That's the basic idea - create a film of liquid and as it evaporates, it'll cool the surface it was on. [EDIT] I suck at Latin.


Question: Why do we bleed when we cut ourselves if the blood is in the veins and arteries?

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 Why do we bleed when we cut ourselves if the blood is in the veins and arteries?

Blood has to reach pretty much every part of your body. It starts out in the big pipes - the veins and arteries - and then gets distributed to the smaller pipes. Your whole body is full of these 'small pipes' (the scientific name for which I do not recall), and so a cut pretty much anywhere will cause bleeding.


Question: How does data transmission from something like the ISS work? Those are massive distances and i guess a whole lot of data. Are there some special protocols are massive antennas?

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 How does data transmission from something like the ISS work? Those are massive distances and i guess a whole lot of data. Are there some special protocols are massive antennas?

The ISS is **much closer** to your house than the DirecTV satellite that sends your TV programs. Not at all a massive distance, it's 400km (about 240 miles) above the surface of the Earth. There are some nice antennas and a network of ground stations, but it's nothing like New Horizons photos from Pluto.


Question: how does cryptographic salt and pepper work?

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 how does cryptographic salt and pepper work?

When encoding information: Salt is/are random string(s) of numbers used when storing information. If you want to save a password in a database, you can't use plaintext, so you encode it. The sequence the encoder used to base its encription can be called the salt. You can now store the encoded password with the salt. The only way to check if someone used the right password is to run what they entered through the encoder using the matching salt. If what the person entered matches what you stored, it's the right password. However, this method is risky, as anyone using exactly the same encoder can still check passwords if they have the matching salt. Pepper is related to salt. Using the same hypothetical encoder, pepper would be an action done consistently to every password before it goes through the encoding/salt steps (like adding "s6hk4" to the end). This adds an extra variable to be accounted for when checking passwords. With pepper, in theory, even if you have access to the same encoder, the correct stored(encrypted) password, and salt, you still would need to guess the pepper, which is stored in a different location. [phone spelling]


Question: Why does the rotating of the Earth result in time passing?

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 Why does the rotating of the Earth result in time passing?

It doesn’t. While “time” exists in the physical world as a concept, the time you see on your clock is just a human invention and a way to keep track. The rotating earth causes the sun to rise and set (daytime when our side of the earth faces the sun, and nighttime when it doesn’t), so humans have set our clocks to match this rotation.


Question: How are people with little to no knowledge of music theory able to harmonize to and predict chord progressions of songs that they're hearing for the first time?

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 How are people with little to no knowledge of music theory able to harmonize to and predict chord progressions of songs that they're hearing for the first time?

Hi, I specialize in teaching improvisation, theory, and sight-singing for vocalists. Think of music as language. In this analogy, music notation is literacy, and music theory is grammar and linguistics. Now imagine a really great storyteller in a rural community. He doesn’t read - no one does - and he doesn’t know the words “noun” or “verb” or “syntax” - but he knows how to speak, he knows how to make coherent sentences, and he knows how to tell a good story. Of course he does - why wouldn’t he? Language existed for thousands of years before we began writing it down or analyzing it. Well, music is the same way. In a musical culture, people absorb and develop all the grammar and syntax of music organically, the same way they do language. The notation exists to write down what musicians are *already doing*, and with only a few academic exceptions the theory also exists to explain something that is *already happening*. Theory - at the basic level - is almost always a post-hoc explanation or clarification. It doesn’t take a lot of academic knowledge to sing in harmony. It just takes a couple people who are willing to try out some stuff out loud and see what happens. (Note: at the cutting edge, theory actually does inform new practice...but that doesn’t affect most of us.)


Question: How are Vicks Vaporub and Methamphetamine the same chemical formula, but one clears your sinuses while the other clears your bank account?

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 How are Vicks Vaporub and Methamphetamine the same chemical formula, but one clears your sinuses while the other clears your bank account?

The answer is in the name. Levo vs Dextro One of the molecules is facing one way, the other is mirrored. In simplest terms: You might have two puzzle pieces that are a mirrored shape. One has the connector on the left side, one on the right side. Both pieces *could* be considered the same **shape** if you flipped one of them over cardboard-side up. But if you tried to fit this cardboard-sided piece into the wrong place, you would see that it actually doesn't fit at all (because the picture isn't showing). In the body the orientation of a chemical changes its function dramatically. edit: In some cases a certain part of the chemical will always fit into a certain "slot" in the body. But if you mirror the chemical, both the previous slot and a new slot are now accessible. In one version the 'A' receptor is hit. This results in a decongestant effect. The 'B' receptor does not accept this shape of the molecule. In the flipped version, the 'A' receptor is hit and so is the 'B' receptor. Now you've got a stimulant (with a decongestant effect too).


Question: How can it be “too cold to snow” when it snows on top of mountains and in countries with much colder climates?

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 How can it be “too cold to snow” when it snows on top of mountains and in countries with much colder climates?

They mean that the humidity is too low relative to the temperature for snow to occur Not enough water in the air to snow Cold air holds less water so it being to cold to snow is more about cold and dry conditions. Furthermore many colder climates such as the tops of mountains and the artic are snowy because the snow almost never melts but because the air there is dry they also don't recieve that much snow.


Question: Why do movies have deleted scenes?

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</answer>
 Why do movies have deleted scenes?

Editors have to ask questions like whether a scene properly moves the story along, whether it's necessary, or whether it adds too much length to the movie. A children's movie generally needs to have a shorter length than a movie for adults, because children, especially small ones, have little attention span and tire easily. The scenes you mention are probably perfectly fine, but may not be necessary for the story to progress and may make the movie too long.


Question: Why does water get bubbly if you let it sit for a while?

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 Why does water get bubbly if you let it sit for a while?

Gas (air in this case) can dissolve into liquids while the liquid is under pressure (as in the pressure in the water lines). It stays dissolved in the liquid, until the pressure is reduced/removed. Temperature also plays a part, albeit a lesser one than pressure. 5 is too young for middle school, but this explains it fairly simply: URL_0 Edit:. Also, that's how beverages are carbonated. The gas dissolves into the liquid under pressure. It stays dissolved until the pressure is released.


Question: Why do hard candies make the inside of your cheek rough?

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 Why do hard candies make the inside of your cheek rough?

The sugar is concentrated so it causes your cheek cells to dry out, making them less soft and more textured. It's the same thing that happens with any salty or sweet solution that is more concentrated than the liquid in the cells - it loses water to try to balance it out. The opposite happens when you soak in a bath of regular water (*less salty or sugary than your cells) and can get wrinkly - cells gain water and expand. This is also why you might notice you're thirsty after eating a bowl of ice cream or cake. You lost some water in balancing out all of that sugar.


Question: Why do computers slow down significantly over a few years compared to when it was purchased if hardly anything has been downloaded?

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 Why do computers slow down significantly over a few years compared to when it was purchased if hardly anything has been downloaded?

They do and they don't. They do in the sense that if you use a computer enough you will eventually create loads of temp files, startup programs, etc. This causes things to slow down as the computer has more to load. A fresh install of the operating system can fix this if that's the issue. They don't as in its a perception thing. You may use other devices and computers that come out with newer better hardware. Then you go back to the old computer and it may feel slow to what you're used to. There are other things such as driver support ending so they stop optimizing certain things. Another thing is as features get added to programs it may take more processing power to run those features.


Question: How is a person in a 3rd world country that makes 1$ a day poor in their local economy?

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 How is a person in a 3rd world country that makes 1$ a day poor in their local economy?

> A baker in a town can't sell bread for 3 dollars if everyone is only making 1 dollar a day, so wouldn't his prices change to like 3 cents to reflect the realities of the local market? Realistically that town doesn't have a baker. Nobody is going to bake bread when they could sell the wheat offshore for more than they could sell the bread to their neighbors.


Question: If beer is 90% water why isn't it considered a good source of hydration?

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 If beer is 90% water why isn't it considered a good source of hydration?

Alcohol has a diuretic effect on the body, meaning it causes your body to hold less water. Since beer is generally a low concentration of alcohol, it would be more hydrating than something like a shot of liquor, but there is still the possibility of becoming dehydrated bc you are urinating too much.


Question: Why do hotels still charge for long distance calls?

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 Why do hotels still charge for long distance calls?

Because: profit. If there is a way to make people accept they are paying for some type of value, then it is chargeable. Many hotels charge to make a fax as well. Many planes charge for WiFi. Cell phone providers charge for text messages. That, I can assure you, literally costs them zero in today’s market.


Question: Theoretically If I was 66 million light years away from Earth and had a telescope strong enough would I able to see the dinosaurs if I faced it towards earth?

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 Theoretically If I was 66 million light years away from Earth and had a telescope strong enough would I able to see the dinosaurs if I faced it towards earth?

Just in case you're interested in rough numbers on the telescope: * wavelength of light: 5 & times;10^( & minus;7) & #8239;m * 66 million light years: 6 & times;10^(23) & #8239;m * size of object to see: 1 & #8239;m multiplying and dividing we get the diameter of the telescope needed: * 3 & times;10^(17) & #8239;m Which is 30 light years. Imagine trying to construct a mirror or lens 30 light years across! And that's just for 1 metre resolution, which will make a very blurry picture of a dinosaur.


Question: Why does beer bubble so much more than other carbonated liquids when you pour it in? What exactly happens to cause bubbling in general?

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 Why does beer bubble so much more than other carbonated liquids when you pour it in? What exactly happens to cause bubbling in general?

Beer contains dissolved proteins from the grain used to make it. There’s not a lot, but it’s there. Those proteins are able to form loose networks of themselves, and catch the released CO2, making it foamy. You see the same thing in root beer. Originally the proteins came from the natural sassafras root used to flavor it, but were replaced with yucca root extract or other agents to replicate the distinctive head


Question: How do researchers 'gather' atomic and subatomic particles?

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 How do researchers 'gather' atomic and subatomic particles?

Old-school TV sets -- before the flat screen era -- were basically a miniature electron beam accelerator, with electromagnet deflection of the beam direction. The same basic physics principles can be applied to making a large electron accelerator, with electromagnets to bend the particle bunches around a vacuum ring, and other electromagnets to keep the bunches nice & compact. To make a proton accelerator, you'd start with a source of hydrogen, and ionize the hydrogen to leave bare protons. Then once again it's electric fields to accelerate them, and electromagnets to deflect them. Some colliders have used antiparticles in collisions. In those cases, they start with high energy matter particle collisions against stationary bulk targets, to spray out particles and antiparticles; then use electromagnets to steer, collect, and bunch up the antiparticles, before they're injected into an accelerator. Again, it's electric fields to accelerate and electromagnets to steer.


Question: How does WWE work? How fake and how staged is it? How do their performers progress and is there any actual competition?

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 How does WWE work? How fake and how staged is it? How do their performers progress and is there any actual competition?

Think of wrestlers as performance artists. They get paid to perform in front of audiences by doing physically tasking and dangerous things. It's a spectacle. Musicians perform their songs, and wrestlers perform their moves. Wrestling makes this performance more interesting by pretending to have competitions. They are not strictly athletic competitions, rather they are competing to outperform each other in terms of entertainment. Who has better moves? Who has technical skill? Who is charismatic? This is a factor that helps determine a wrestler's progression within the company. If audiences are willing to pay to see someone perform, they will presumably be better compensated. Another aspect is merchandising. The wrestler's who do well, have merchandising deals, and get a small cut of the sales. If a particular wrestler's merchandise sells well, its another sign of success and thus generates more revenue and allows the company and its employees to grow. Wrestling is scripted and trained for quite extensively. They try their best to stick to scripts, but there are lots of instances of things not happening according to plan, and wrestlers are expected to be adaptable and experienced enough to handle those things. This versatility has to come in both physical form as well as "Mic" aka speaking form. The crazy characters and stuff you see wrestlers doing are essentially a way to add flair. To add personality and diversity that will draw the widest possible audience. Hope this helps!


Question: how does concrete get stronger over time?

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 how does concrete get stronger over time?

I think they're talking about days and weeks when they say "over time". Concrete takes time to set or cure; after only a day or two its lost its plasticity, and a few days to a week it has acheived a good portion of its compressive strength. But as it continues to cure, it gains closer to 100% of its compressive strength. The time periods you're talking about w.r.t. erosion is an entirely different time scale; at that time scale the concrete could be considered at peak strength after the first two or three months. There's a lot of factors in how long it takes concrete to do its initial setting: moisture content, environmental conditions, temperature... sometimes concrete is kept underwater until its set.


Question: Why is the US government under constant threat of shutting down?

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 Why is the US government under constant threat of shutting down?

When most countries pass the annual budget bill they simultaneously allow the government to increase the nations debt to be able to follow though with the budget. However in the US there is a separate government spending bill limiting the national debt to a specific ceiling. The government can not raise additional funds by taking up loans beyond this ceiling. This allows the congress to publicly shame the president for doing a bad job and spending too much money and then come in and save the day with another spending bill that increases the debt ceiling. It also allows them to add additional clauses in the bill as the bill will have to pass for the government to pay its bills and staff. It is the political equivalent of giving a kid too little money to pay for the groceries on the shopping list you gave him and then yell at the kid for spending too much money. And then ask him to give up his favorite toy for the rest of the money for the groceries.


Question: what happens with a donor organ's DNA after a successful transplant?

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 what happens with a donor organ's DNA after a successful transplant?

The host cells keep the host's DNA and the implanted organ's cells keep the donor's DNA, and certainly possible future offspring will have the host's DNA only. They do not mix, the host cannot regenerate cells he does not have anymore only the organ itself can regenerate those cells (if it can regenerate), the host actually has immunosuppressants for the rest of his life so his immune system does not destroy the implanted organ.


Question: how do atoms bond, what are valence electrons, and can atoms bond when their valence shell is full?

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 how do atoms bond, what are valence electrons, and can atoms bond when their valence shell is full?

Valence electrons are the electrons that take part in chemical reactions and bonding, they’re usually those in the outer most shell. Atoms form single covalent bonds by sharing two electrons between them, usually one electron comes from each atom but in some cases both electrons can come from one atom. Additionally there are double bonds which have 4 electrons shared between the atoms, and triple bonds which have 6. Yes, xenon which is a noble gas (so already has 8 valence electrons) forms certain compounds with fluorine and oxygen.