Question: Why does a lower pressure result in a more powerful storm?

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 Why does a lower pressure result in a more powerful storm?

A low-pressure area is basically one where there's less air than the area around it. Air likes to equalize pressure. A vacuum cleaner works by creating a low-pressure area inside it, so that air rushes in via the hose. Similarly, a low-pressure area in the atmosphere will see wind rushing in towards it; a wind storm. That wind will often carry moisture with it, and the moisture can create clouds; a rain storm. As the wind rushes inwards, it doesn't just fill the low-pressure area directly; it swirls inwards, like swirling water going down a drain. This creates the familiar spiral cyclone appears of a storm. This rotation is aided by the Coriolis Effect, caused by the Earth's rotation. As the rushing wind swirls closer to the center of the low-pressure area, it gets faster and faster, like a figure skater pulling their arms in. These very-fast winds are what cause a storm to be extremely powerful and damaging.


Question: Where does new water go when it enters a container that already contains some water?

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 Where does new water go when it enters a container that already contains some water?

You can answer your daughters question through a simple experiment. Add dye to the water you will pour in then pour the coloured water into the other bottle filled with plain water. You’ll see some interesting patterns form as the water continues with the same momentum then eventually all the water will be the same colour.


Question: Why does google earth not display the north pole?

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 Why does google earth not display the north pole?

Because it technically is just ocean. It's always frozen, but it's ocean. Unlike Antarctica, which is an actual landmass, the North Pole is a floating ice sheet. So instead of live tracking which parts are ice and which aren't *cough cough global warming* , they just display whatever's not strictly land as ocean.


Question: What are the rules that must be fullfilled to create competitive telecommunications market?

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 What are the rules that must be fullfilled to create competitive telecommunications market?

The buyer has to be free not to buy, the seller has to be free not to sell, information has to be symmetrical, and there has to be enough providers that groups of providers can't affect market price. Telecoms fail at nearly all of this. Modern society almost mandates a cell phone, so the buyer is *almost* compelled. Obtuse contracts mean that information about services provided is hidden behind pages and pages of legalese. There aren't enough providers to provide meaningful competition. Prices and services are heavily dependent on where you live, not to mention that for some people there is only one provider that gets reception at places like your home, your work, or your favorite hangout.


Question: Why do cells start to lose their ability to easily regenerate as we grow older?

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 Why do cells start to lose their ability to easily regenerate as we grow older?

Telomeres. Hard to explain as an ELI5, but our cells have things in them called chromosomes. Chromosomes contain DNA, and act as the blueprints of cells. Our cells replace themselves by splitting into two new cells, and telemeres are basically caps thay protect the DNA within. But every time they split the caps wear down. Eventually they fail, and the DNA gets damaged. Thats why we age.


Question: How do we have "...94 million Americans out of the labor force"?

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 How do we have "...94 million Americans out of the labor force"?

This number is technically true (which might a first for Trump) but nonetheless misleading. The 94 million statistic includes retirees, full-time students, full-time parents, and the disabled. In other words, he is counting everyone who doesn't work... Including the ones who don't want to or can't. This is not the same thing as talking about people who are attempting to find employment but cannot. The number of genuinely unemployed people is around 7.4 million. URL_0


Question: How does cough syrup work?

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 How does cough syrup work?

I think the OP wants to know how it works, not how its processed. To answer the OP, Depends on the cause of coughing and the syrup prescribed. If you are a smoker and are coughing and wheezing - a bronchodilator, expectorant cough syrup will used which will dilate the air passages, and ease expectoration of the phlegm If you have a cold and the post nasal drip in your throat is causing coughing - An antitussive, cough silencer which suppresses the cough inducing centres of the nervous system is needed If you are coughing because of nervousness, or just a mild throat irritation - a demulscent cough preparation that soothes the throat is used. Cough lozenges, or what your grandpa was doing


Question: How can it be sunny but cold and cloudy but warm?

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 How can it be sunny but cold and cloudy but warm?

This is generally because of the weather at night. At night the ground radiates heat in the form of infra red light. Clouds are largely reflective of infra red, so if it's cloudy the heat gets trapped and its warmer the following day. If it's not cloudy the heat is lost and the next day is colder.


Question: What's the difference between a medical diagnosis and a nursing diagnosis?

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 What's the difference between a medical diagnosis and a nursing diagnosis?

I am a nurse. A medical diagnosis will tell you the actual medical problem you are having and focuses on the disease while a nursing diagnosis focuses on the patient and their symptoms. It would like something like this: Medical: Dx: spontaneous appendicitis. Nursing: 35 yo male with two days intermittent abdomen pain to the lower right quad with rebound pain on palpation. No blood present in urine or stool. Ct scan showing swelling to the appendix and several small gallstones. Pt States pain is 9/10 and it is unrelieved by over the counter medications. (And then there would usually be some goals attached such as pain relief for the patient or removing the organ to relieve the problem.)


Question: How does orbital dynamics work?

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 How does orbital dynamics work?

Things in space have an attractive force called gravity. In contrast to celebrities, things with more mass have a more attractive force. Between two bodies, based on their relative mass, there’s a center of gravity. Those two bodies orbit around that one point. When considering things with divergent mass, it appears as though one thing is orbiting around the other thing (Sun/Earth, Earth/Moon). Here’s the issue, that’s for a two body problem. There is no closed mathematical solution for a three body problem (ie Sun, Earth, & Moon). Everything is pulling on everything (just like celebrities). The orbit of the moon around Earth is affected by both the sun and Jupiter. Just to varying degrees depending on the time of year.


Question: Why do schools past Elementary/Primary use a period system instead of having one teacher?

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 Why do schools past Elementary/Primary use a period system instead of having one teacher?

The material you learn in elementary school is extremely basic. Due to its relative simplicity, one teacher is able to thoroughly understand and teach a number of subjects without any problems. When you get to sixth or seventh grade (middle school), the material is a bit tougher. Obviously, it's still extraordinarily simple compared to high school or college, but still, things are ramping up. At this point in a child's education, you want to surround him or her with people who are more equipped to answer their questions. Science is taught by science majors, english by english majors, etc. Instead of one teacher with a passable understanding of several subjects, these teachers (hopefully) have a thorough understanding of one particular subject, and are thus more effective in teaching it. Collectively, several different subject experts offer a much better education than one generally knowledgeable teacher. A fifth grade teacher may understand the basics of a certain mathematical principle, or literary text, but unless it's their field, they probably aren't well versed in the minutia or core mechanics of it all. And that's just fine through elementary school, because you are more focused on the simple basics at that point. But eventually you cross a threshold where your instructor ought know these things to be an effective teacher. In the United States, that threshold is usually the sixth or seventh grade.


Question: - What is a Tax Write Off?

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 - What is a Tax Write Off?

A tax write-off is anything that reduces the amount of your taxable income - basically, that money is sort of taken out of your taxable income for the year, and the government doesn't charge you taxes on it. As a simple example, let's say that Jim made $100,000 last year, and he did absolutely nothing to reduce his taxable income. He'll pay taxes on the full $100,000 that he earned (minus the standard deduction I suppose, but let's ignore that). Now let's reset and say that Jim made $100,000, but he bought a $20,000 truck (in cash, for simplicity) to use for work and he donated another $10,000 to charity in that year. Now when it comes to do his taxes, he has $30,000 that is eligible to be deducted from his taxable income. So his $100k minus that $30k leaves $70k in taxable income. He'll only pay taxes on that $70,000, rather than on the full $100,000 that he earned. So the amount of money that he has to pay in income tax will be reduced by quite a bit.


Question: How do they determine the supply for particular commodity in a city at a given time? Take an apple for example?

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 How do they determine the supply for particular commodity in a city at a given time? Take an apple for example?

They have historical purchase data to go off of mostly. If you brought in 30 yesterday and they all sold out, you'll bring in more tomorrow. After a few years you can look back and see the general trends as to when people buy more or less apples and then correlate that data with how things are going this year, add a few extra for good measure, and ship off the package.


Question: how do Vegas oddsmakers decide what the spread will be in football, and how do they seem to get it right most of the time?

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 how do Vegas oddsmakers decide what the spread will be in football, and how do they seem to get it right most of the time?

So we have to toss out one part of your question because its actually wrong, and it'll make it even more confusing for you! > and how do they seem to get it right most of the time? They don't get it "right", and they aren't even trying to, thats not their goal. Their goal with the line(s) is to put them in a position where they have about a 50/50 bet on each way of the bet. It's NOT to predict the actual score, its to find the perfect line that will get about half the bets one way, and half the bets the other way.


Question: What is the cause of a widow maker heart attack? What separates it from other heart attacks?

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 What is the cause of a widow maker heart attack? What separates it from other heart attacks?

Very basically; There are 3 main arteries supplying the heart with oxygenated blood. A decrease in this supply is called ischemia. Cardiac tissue needs near constant perfusion or it dies. The Brain for example can go a few minutes without problem. A 'heart attack' or myocardial infarction is a temporary blockage. The 'widow maker' is a blockage of the left anterior descending artery. It's a major supply line and the death of the cardiac tissue around it will have huge consequences for the function of the heart. Usually it's always fatal pre-hospital. Hence the name.


Question: Why do we naturally bend our knees while trying to walk silently?

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 Why do we naturally bend our knees while trying to walk silently?

When we bend our knees, we get more balance. That added balance gives us more control over our movements, which helps us take quieter steps. Try walking quietly without bending your knees, it's gonna be hard. And even if you pull it off, think of any situation where walking silently and upright would be necessary. There aren't many, it's more of a stalking maneuver. I actually thought about this while I was out hunting today trying to creep up on what I thought was a deer. Slightly related fun fact: humans actually walk very poorly compared to other animals. We kinda just "fall" into each step, it's pretty unbalanced compared to other animals.


Question: Can someone explain Donald ‘Cowboy’ Cerrone’s injury, why did blowing his nose to relieve pressure cause his eye to swell up?

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 Can someone explain Donald ‘Cowboy’ Cerrone’s injury, why did blowing his nose to relieve pressure cause his eye to swell up?

all the blood in the nose immediately leaves and the blood that was going to go there goes no way I'm not going there because I just keep getting blown out (to stop blood loss) it then goes to around his eye & #x200B; “There is a communication between the eye — specifically the lacrimal ducts — and the nose,” ringside physician Yared Vasquez explained on [YouTube]( URL_0 ). “All that blood volume from the strikes instantly took another route and filled up the surrounding tissues around the eye in the orbital space — rendering that eye effectively closed for the night.”


Question: Why is it, on average, less windy at night than during the day?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 Why is it, on average, less windy at night than during the day?

Wind is generally caused by differences in temperatures between two air masses. Wind happens when the two masses interact and start to “swap” places. The sun tends to heat up air higher on the atmosphere which leads to larger air temp variances across a given area. Thus more wind. Less temperature variability at night means less wind.


Question: What property on the surface of things determines what color they will reflect back? Has it anything to do with the structure (on a microscopic level) of the surface?

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</answer>
 What property on the surface of things determines what color they will reflect back? Has it anything to do with the structure (on a microscopic level) of the surface?

Not microscopic; atomic. Depending on how the frequencies of light hitting the atoms in the material interact with the material, the color will be different. When an atom is hit with light, it will bounce that light back at a larger wavelength, but how much longer is always different depending on where electrons are orbiting and whatnot. The structure of the atoms determines what wavelength of light gets reflected as.


Question: If atoms make up things, what makes up atoms?

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 If atoms make up things, what makes up atoms?

Atoms are indeed physical things, and they are made up of a core, consisting of protons, little particles with positive charge, and neutrons, little particles with no charge. Around that core fly (multiple) electrons, which are much smaller than protons or neutrons, and have negative charge. Electromagnetic forces keep the electrons spinning around the core. The atoms “share” their electrons with other atoms to create bonds, which creates structural integrity. Atoms come in different sizes, and the size of a (stable) atom is noted down in the periodic table. The further you go left and down on that table, the more protons that atom has. Protons and neutrons can be divided up into quarks, which are even tinier particles. So far, I think we haven't found anything that makes up quarks.


Question: How do guys activate a pee?

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 How do guys activate a pee?

Depends. Younger guys just relax their pelvic muscles and it comes a flowing. I imagine that's how most women do it. Older guys who have started developing an inflamed prostate, have to push a bit to get going sometimes. Especially if your bowels are somewhat full also, as they will press against the prostate and cause the flow to be less.


Question: In 1918, a $100 bill was worth about $1700 in today's dollars. What was the point of having such a large denomination bill?

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 In 1918, a $100 bill was worth about $1700 in today's dollars. What was the point of having such a large denomination bill?

Wire transfers did exist in 1918, but in the pre-digital age a lot of money transferring and record keeping was still done physically. For internal transfers, banks used bills as high as [$100,000]( URL_0 ) since physically moving a stack of giant bills down the street was often so much faster than trying to verify the integrity of wire transfers through old timey telegraph systems.


Question: Why do companies depreciate assets?

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 Why do companies depreciate assets?

If I buy a $60,000 truck, that vehicle is an asset that goes on my balance sheet, but it doesn't hold its value forever. After a year, the truck is worth $50,000. After two years the truck is worth $40,000, and so on. By depreciating the asset, I mark down its value on my balance sheet each year to represent the fact that my company's assets are worth less this year than they were last.


Question: How does a lake retain its water mass?

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 How does a lake retain its water mass?

it lies on a rock bed that is waterproof. You might have dirt and mug at the bottom, but at some point, it will be waterproof stone. Dirt and soil alone can also maintain a water body for extended periods of time, but in that case water usually slowly infuse the ground, which requires a more consequent supply of water to maintain it


Question: Why does the brain create nightmares?

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 Why does the brain create nightmares?

Our brains are really good at telling stories based on insufficient information. When you sleep, the plaques in your brain get flushed, resulting in random excitement of neural pathways. This means you trigger a random combination of sensations and memories. When you are in REM sleep, the part of your brain that manages narrative is active and not in maintenance mode. This means it can string together sensations being triggered into a story you experience and sometimes remember. These can be positive or negative, depending on all sorts of factors including hormonal balance, general mental state, lucidity, strong neural pathways, repressed memories/fears/hopes, and much more.


Question: - What are the mathematical calculations/anomalies that have lead astronomers to think their may be a Planet X/Planet 9?

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 - What are the mathematical calculations/anomalies that have lead astronomers to think their may be a Planet X/Planet 9?

So there's a load of smaller objects in the outer edges of the solar system, and like everything else in the solar system they're organized and clumped up in certain ways as a result of the effects of gravity. We'd expect them to be clumped up in a *particular* way if the only big object in their vicinity was Neptune, but while many of them do seem to work that way, there's a large amount that defy what we think *should* be the way they're organized. What's more, those other objects are not randomly distributed, but seem to be organized in a "structured" way. The only natural way for said structuring to exist would be if they were being sorted by gravity, but that would require a rather large object (i.e. the source of that gravity). Thus, it's possible that there is a planet around 5-10 times as massive as Earth out there, but we haven't been able to find it yet because it'd be extremely dim.


Question: why do our lips split so much and the rest of our body doesn't?

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 why do our lips split so much and the rest of our body doesn't?

I think you’re referring to how our lips crack, like that annoying pain that always seems to happen more in dry seasons? It’s because our lips are constantly going from a state of dry to wet, and the skin is soft. During dry seasons or if you lick your lips a lot, your lips will often crack because of the constant change in moisture. The lips are also very sensitive in general, whereas the rest of your body has thicker, more durable skin, and it also stays dry most of the time.


Question: Why can receipt printers only use thermal paper? What's the difference between receipt printers and regular printers?

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 Why can receipt printers only use thermal paper? What's the difference between receipt printers and regular printers?

Thermal paper is fast and cheap to print on, but you're not going to get any kind of high quality images on it. Since receipts don't usually need images and only basic text, it makes the most sense to use it instead of a regular printer. Regular printers use ink or toner and these cost more and take longer to produce.


Question: Why do eyes turn red in some photos?

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 Why do eyes turn red in some photos?

Because they are actually DEMONS!!!!!!! Jk "The appearance of red eyes in pictures, known as the "red-eye effect," occurs when a camera captures light reflecting from the retina at the back of your subject's eye when a flash is used at night and in dim lighting." So the flash from your camera is reflecting off the back of the person's eyes which causes the red effect.


Question: How complicated is it to fight a forest fire and why? Why can't air support just drop water on it and around it to contain it when it spreads?

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 How complicated is it to fight a forest fire and why? Why can't air support just drop water on it and around it to contain it when it spreads?

Forest fires are very big, very hot, and often very fast. And usually in very hard to reach places. The problem with 'just dropping water' on it is that it's usually going to be a logistical nightmare. You would need a fleet of helicopters/planes and access to an incredibly large body of water. They just don't have the resources to do this. And if the fire isn't put out completely it just regains strength almost as quickly as the aircraft can refill. Essentially most large forest fires you see on the news are too intense to actually be put out, so the strategy is to try and stop it from spreading so it can burn itself out naturally. This is usually done by predicting the fires path and making a containment line. This can be something natural like a river, but usually needs to be man made. They often do what is known as a controlled burn, which is where they pre-burn any combustible material with firefighters around to keep it under control so that when the actual fire gets there, there's nothing left to burn. When you see them dropping water from the sky it's usually at the edges of the fire to stop it spreading sideways as well as going forward, or to try and ease problem parts of the fire that are getting particularly intense. Having said all that, if they catch a fire before it gets out of control a load or two of water is the most effective approach. Edit: Often with forest fires, if they aren't going to pose a threat to anybody or much property the best approach is going to be to just let them burn and make sure they don't change direction or get out of control where they could be a danger. (thanks /u/doxbox49 for bringing this up)


Question: What is CPU hyperthreading/multithreading and how does it benefit me?

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 What is CPU hyperthreading/multithreading and how does it benefit me?

Someone commented this awhile ago and it stuck in my head. Hyperthreading is just like giving a worker 2 conveyor belts to complete said task instead of waiting on materials coming down one conveyor belt and just standing there waiting for the next. It benefits you by your processor completing tasks faster, which gives more performance.


Question: What is the chance that the water we're drinking has already been drank before?

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 What is the chance that the water we're drinking has already been drank before?

100% for the most part. A common high school physics demonstration is to compute the likelihood the air you inhale contains at least one molecule Julius Caesar exhaled with his dying breath. Depending on assumptions, it works out to around 90%. If you consider all the air he breathed in his entire life, the chances approach 100%. A lungful of air will have over a billion trillion molecules, and over time, those guys get around. So not only is it a near certainty some of the water you drank passed through a dinosaur's cloaca, it is likely some of it passed through nearly **every** dinosaur's cloaca.


Question: How do scientists decide where to point the Hubble or Kepler telescope?

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 How do scientists decide where to point the Hubble or Kepler telescope?

Typically researchers will submit proposals for telescope time slots to a committee which will review the requests to determine if they are worthwhile, ranking them by priority and feasibility. Included in the proposals is precisely the kinds of observations requested so if the telescope is going to be positioned in such a way as to make such observations convenient then it is more likely to be fulfilled sooner.


Question: what does it mean when food is processed and why is it considered unhealthy?

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 what does it mean when food is processed and why is it considered unhealthy?

"Processed" is an umbrella term which can mean many things, so it's easier to define "unprocessed." Unprocessed food is that which comes straight from the source; e.g. an apple or an unshucked ear of corn on the cob. "Processed" means the food has been modified in some way. A few examples of processed food: * Oatmeal (it has been shelled and either cut or flattened by machinery) * Steak (it has been sliced) * Applesauce (an unprocessed apple has been cooked, blended, and possibly mixed with other things) * Wheat flour (wheat has been ground; in some cases filtered and bleached) * Candy bar (too many processes to mention) When people talk about "processed food" from a nutrition perspective, they typically mean *heavily processed* food like that candy bar. Some processes are unhealthy. For instance, cooking foods can destroy vitamins and fiber; a raw, unprocessed apple is probably going to be better for you than that same apple processed into applesauce. Some processes, like deep-frying, may introduce unwanted chemicals (high-calorie fat and some carcinogens created by high temperatures). Other processes, like slicing meat into steaks, have little to no impact on the health quality of the food. Some processes may even make food *healthier* - for instance, raw wheat is not very digestible, and raw wheat flour may contain salmonella. By processing it into bread, we create a safe and easy-to-digest product. Talking about "processed foods" is an imprecise way to discuss nutrition, and it's advisable to be wary about it. If someone says "avoid processed foods," you should ask yourself "what processes specifically should be avoided?" But again, let's not be pedants here. We know that when people talk about unhealthy processed food, they generally mean very heavily processed things with many ingredients like a candy bar.


Question: How do your nerves tell your brain how much something should hurt?

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 How do your nerves tell your brain how much something should hurt?

Pain perception is rather a complex theme. In body, we have different type of receptors that sense painful input amongst other stimuli. You can imagine as you would have tiny switches in your skin. But those switches are not the same -- each one of them will turn on when hit with different thing. When you dive hand in warm water, your heat receptors will start to turn on and will start to send signals via nerves (you can see them as wires) to your brain, but at the same time, your cold receptors will "turn off" and brain will get no signals from them. In your skin and inside your body you have a special type of receptors, which will fire only when you stimulate them with really strong input (hitting your toe with a hammer for example). Those are called nociceptors and are the main receptors for the pain. So when you hit your toe with a hammer, those receptors turn on and send signals to brain. Brain receives those exact signals and know from which nerve (wire) and which receptor (switch) it came. So when you touch your hand lightly, different type of receptors will trigger and send the signal to the brain with his own wire and brain will be: "ah, okay, we got some of the *light touch* receptor turning on there, its probably just sth touching hand really lightly". But if you smash your hand with a hammer, the nociceptors will be triggered and will start to send signals to the brain. Brain will receive those signals and start to create the feeling of pain. Thats the basic idea, but the reality is far more complex. For example, you will also feel pain from extremely hot or cold water or if you spray yourself with some chemical. If you trigger some other receptors (warmth or cold receptors from example) really hard (i think you have to go to 45 celsius for warm receptors and below 0 celsius for cold receptors to get the maximum amount of activation from those) , they will send so many signals to the brain that brain will know sth is wrong and will jnterpret it as a pain. We have numerous type of receptors in our body -- previously mentioned warmth and cold receptors, nociceptors and a bunch of receptors for touch (they are even different in skin with hair and without hair! Its really interesting how our body hair has its own receptor. Try and touch hair on your arm. Even if you dont touch the skin, you will feel sth touched the hair. And if you pull this hair really hard, its receptor will start to send desperate amount of signals to your brain and they will perceive it as pain). So its not just that brain know from which wire the signal came (from which receptor) but also how many signals came (a lot if the receptor has really been triggered and less if there was only small stimuli). Moreover, sometime, brain makes wrong conclusions about from where pain came from because nerves (wires) get "tangled" in the spinal cord. And brain perceives less or more pain regarding in which mental state you are, because those wires get all tangled in the brain and there are more other things that effect your perception of pain. So yes, the brain knows about the pain before you hit the hand with a hammer and is ready to give you hell for it. You seeing the hammer and knowing your intentions are "prepared to get a dose of pain" so when it comes, your brain acts accordingly to what it knows. Therefore, when you see doctors use surprise to "relocate" a dislocated shoulder or do sth painful, thats actually effective as pain is not so strong as if your brain would be *hyped about it*. Hope I made it understandable. Sorry for typos and spelling errors, I just really enjoy this theme as a med student. It is complicated and at the same time pretty basic as we all experience pain on the daily basis. Edit: typos


Question: if someone did a Hollywood heist on your bank and took all its money would your bank card still be able to buy things?

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 if someone did a Hollywood heist on your bank and took all its money would your bank card still be able to buy things?

Yes. For several reasons. One reason being, that a bank franchise has many buildings - and just one building has been emptied out. Far more importantly though, a bank robber can only steal the bank's physical money. But these days banks typically do not have a lot of actually money at hand. The overwhelming majority of money exists only in digital form and is only being transferred from computer to computer. Your bank card is a way to transfer money digitally. And that digital money cannot be physically stolen.


Question: Why does it fee so unnatural to let your hands hang at your side?

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 Why does it fee so unnatural to let your hands hang at your side?

It comes down to mechanics and socialisation. Mechanically speaking, arms just hanging are dead weight and so they feel uncomfortable on the shoulder after a while. Also when walking, swinging feels more natural as it works with the momentum of your body Socialisation: body language. Your body language is most telling when you're doing something actively, hence the 'default' arms hanging down tells little. It makes more sense when still to keep hands in other ways for communication Edit: it's worth noting that the mechanical reasons don't affect everyone the same way. Technically speaking, an arm straight down acts as a pivot that comcentrates mass downwards, and also makes it harder for blood to pump upwards. However, this can vary due to various reasons. A person with shorter arms will have less of a pivot/less distance to pump blood, A person with muscular arms will have more weight for a pivot but possibly stronger heart to pump blood A person with slouched or uneven shoulders will have their arms very slightly angled to their body as opposed to straight down, causing the pivot to be lesser but it's likely they have a weaker heart due to less exercise A person with a missing arm may have the other arm swing more drastically or move more to compensate for the momentum the other arm cannot exert


Question: What is the difference between Yuan, Renminbi, CNY and CNH?

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 What is the difference between Yuan, Renminbi, CNY and CNH?

The name of the Chinese currency is the **renminbi**, typically written as **RMB**. Each unit is called a **yuan** (¥). In the “physical” world you withdraw RMB. For example, when you withdraw Chinese currency at an ATM in Mainland China you get RMB **CNY** and **CNH** are both *types* of RMB (1 CNY = 1 RMB = 1 yuan and 1 CNH = 1 RMB = 1 yuan). They however don’t necessarily trade at the same price against foreign currencies. In the foreign exchange market, there is a difference between whether it is onshore or offshore: 1. CNY (onshore – RMB traded within Mainland China) 2. CNH (offshore – RMB traded outside of Mainland China) The value of CNY is controlled by the Chinese government. The People’s Bank of China publishes a reference rate for the currency each day. CNH, however, is traded freely in global markets, its value changes based on the market and it is not controlled by the government.


Question: If the earth is a closed ecosystem, how can there be water shortages?

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 If the earth is a closed ecosystem, how can there be water shortages?

There are *clean* water shortages and areas where there is drought. There is the same amount of actual water on the planet, but in some places the water available is polluted or there may be farms built in areas that expect there to be ample rain but because of shifts in weather patterns there is none.


Question: Can one infinity be larger than another?

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 Can one infinity be larger than another?

So, without wanting to offend anyone here, there's a lot of bad (or at the very least: misleading) mathematics in this thread. I'm a Mathematician, I hope you can make something of my answer: **Great question!** You are onto something that mathematicians have struggled with for quite some time. But nowadays, we have come up with a definite answer that is widely recognized as correct and taught at every university in the world (that is, in mathematics...). To answer your title question: Yes. But before we do that, let's look about what we, in general, call "larger than another". When talking about infinity, the first thing you need to understand that you are not talking about a *number*, but a *size of a group of objects (= also known as "size of a set")*. This is called "cardinality", which is just a fancy word for "size". If you have two sets (of numbers, for example, but it doesn't have to be numbers. It can be people, or animals, or words, or thoughts...), you can look at their size. One (naive) way of doing this would be simply counting the number of objects in the set. This works fine for sets that are only finitely big. But there are bigger things than finite sets, there are infinite sets. Would you all call them "infinitely large" and call it a day? Naaah, that's not interesting, is it? So back in the good old days, mathematicians asked themselves: How can we reasonably define the size of sets, so the definition does not only work for sets of any shape or form (finite or any kind of infinity), but also behaves as expected when you only look at finite sets? After all, we want the term "size" (= cardinality) to have a meaning in everyday real-world application. We don't want the meaning to get lost when extending the term to infinities. So here's what they came up with: Two sets have the same size ("have the same cardinality") if you can come up with a strategy to pair each object of the first set to exactly one object of the second set, so in the end no object is alone and no object is in two pairs. Let's make an example: If you have the set with the letters A, B, C, and another set with the numbers 2, 4, 6. Then we can pair A with 2, B with 4 and C with 6. So these sets are the same size. On the other hand, A, B, C, D, E and 2, 4, 8 are not the same size because no matter how hard you try, 2 objects from the first set will always find no partner in the second set. Remember how I said "come up with a strategy". This means: "You don't actually have to write this out, it's enough if you can describe the strategy". For instance: Take all even numbers, 2, 4, 6, 8 and so on. Then take all whole numbers, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8... These two sets are the same size, because I can match 1 with 2, 2 4, 3 with 6, and so on. Sure, "I'm using up the numbers in the first set faster". But if you ask me for any number, that number will have a clearly designated partner. 64? That's just paired with 32. 1 million is paired with 500 000. So these sets, despite *appearing* to be different in size, are the same size. Let's take it one step further: You can match the whole numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ... to the fractions. This matching "algorithm" is a lot more complicated, I think you can find a picture on google, but for now we'll be happy with knowing that it works. So the rational numbers (= fancy name for fractions) are the same size as the whole numbers! Let's take it one more step further and watch the world burn: You cannot match the whole numbers to the real numbers (= all numbers on the number line, including 1, pi and everything else you can think of). It's not possible. A mathematician named Cantor famously proved that no matter how hard you try in giving a strategy, it's always possible to find a real number that is not covered by your strategy. (Even worse: By writing down the strategy, you automatically imply what the counter example that is not covered by the strategy is going to be... That's how we know that no strategy can work.) But: Both sets are infinite. Whole numbers are infinite. Real numbers are infinite. Real numbers are a bigger set. So we have found two different sizes of infinity. (Fun fact: There's an infinite amount of sizes of infinity...) We call the size of whole numbers (because they are sometimes referred to as "counting numbers") "countably infinite". In general, sets that are this large don't cause mathematicians lots of head aches, as they act in very predictable ways and follow most of the rules we already observe in finite sets. We call the size of real numbers (because they are bigger than the countable size) "uncountably infinite". In general, sets that are this large *do* cause mathematicians lots of head aches, as they act in very unpredictable and counter-intuitive ways and they refuse to follow any rules. (That's not quite true, but we had to change the rules because the first thing the real numbers did after their size was discovered, was crash the entirety of then-modern mathematics.) --------------------- To your question, numbers between 1 and 2 and numbers between 1 and 3. Using the rules from above, I just have to give you a strategy to match them all to show you that they are the same size, so here it is: You give me some number x between 1 and 2. I subtract 1. I multiply by 2. I add 1. That's the pairing. For example, you give me 1.5 (which is between 1 and 2). 1.5 - 1 = 0.5 0.5 \* 2 = 1 1 + 1 = 2. So 1.5 is paired with 2. The number 1 would be paired with 1. The number 2 would be paired with 3. The square root of 2 would be paired with ((sqrt(2) - 1)\*2 ) + 1 Want to make sure that every number between 1 and 3 has a partner? Simply reverse the process: Subtract 1. Divide by 2. Add 1. For example: 3 is paired with 2. 1 is paired with 1. ((sqrt(2) - 1)\*2 ) + 1 is paired with sqrt(2). So I indeed have found a strategy that matches every number between 1 and 2 with a number between 1 and 3. So the sets are the same size. Fun fact: This works with any interval (= numbers between a and b) no matter how small, matched to the entirety of the real numbers. The strategy is going to be a bit more tricky, but trust me that there is one. I hope this is helpful, feel free to ask more questions.


Question: Why is it when an object rotates really quickly it seems like it starts rotating in the opposite direction?

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 Why is it when an object rotates really quickly it seems like it starts rotating in the opposite direction?

If on a camera this is because in each frame a wheel/blades move almost a full rotation, or almost a number of full rotations. If in each frame a wheel undergoes 2.8 rotations, it is interpreted as going backwards .2 rotations because that seems more fluid. This can also happen with hummingbird hovering, making it look as if their wings move very slowly (if at all) but they fly anyways.


Question: Why, when you get injured, does it seem like the trauma intensifies after seeing the injury? An open wound or broken limb for example.

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 Why, when you get injured, does it seem like the trauma intensifies after seeing the injury? An open wound or broken limb for example.

When you focus on the injury, the area is focused which causes a few things to happen. You tense up, as the body's natural response to close the wound, which touches exposed nerves to exposed nerves, sending more pain. Also, the body becomes more sensetive, when it is focused on (think out of sight, out of mind). It doesn't have to be visual to happen, but it's why bug bites itch more after you notice they itch, or why you can't get to sleep once you start looking for parts of yourself that are uncomfortable. Additionally, your brain basically says "Why doesn't this hurt? This looks like it should hurt! If it doesn't hurt there must be something wrong!" And you perceive more pain.


Question: %3A Why do muscles twitch in the same spot for prolonged periods of time?

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 %3A Why do muscles twitch in the same spot for prolonged periods of time?

So that’s a relatively normal occurance called a fasciculation! Basically the muscle fibers or neurons at that spot are unintentionally sending out the signal to contract periodically. This is a relatively normal thing even in healthy people that’s usually associated with overworking that muscle like in weightlifting. Also, if you decide to google fasciculation, you’ll find that it’s associated with some scary diseases like ALS, rabies etc., but there are other symptoms that show up with these diseases that allows you to differentiate between fasciculations that are harmless or more serious.


Question: How do companies that manufacture products which can possibly result in liable consequences (harm to the body, etc) protect themselves?

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 How do companies that manufacture products which can possibly result in liable consequences (harm to the body, etc) protect themselves?

Warning labels give them a lot of legal protection. Don't forget that in the case of the Mcdonald's coffee they were keeping the coffee hotter than the legal limit so even with appropriate labels Mcdonald's was still at fault. But for chemicals that could be dangerous, they have warning labels and instructions. The company is not at fault if you fail to follow the directions. For example pain relief creams will say "for external use only" and they are not responsible for any ill effects of eating the product. If you follow the instructions and something bad still happens the company would be held liable.


Question: Why is a horseshoe "theory" not considered valid by people educated on the subject?

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 Why is a horseshoe "theory" not considered valid by people educated on the subject?

It’s kind of a mix between nonsense, a serious but debatable academic theory, and an observation which is true but limited. The nonsense: people who take a “the nazis were socialists – it’s in the name!” kind of position. This is just rubbish and barely deserves a rebuttal. What is more interesting is that you can see the same approach in Nazi and Communist propaganda – eg. arguing that fascism is the logical and inevitable result of capitalism, or that the holocaust was an extension of capitalist class repression, rather than having a (pretty big) anti-semitic element. The academic theory: the idea of “totalitarianism” covers Soviet and Chinese communism, fascism and any other system that aims for total political control of people’s lives. This is a serious theory, but one that is debated. There’s a strong risk of concealing more than you reveal with this approach. If you look at, say, Nazi and Soviet foreign policy as basically the same, you’ll get things hugely wrong. Lastly the idea that there are some similarities between extreme, or radical non-mainstream political movements, ideologies or states. This is definitely true, but in very specific cases. For example, any radical state is going to have strained relations with its neighbours, so it will almost certainly have to rely on its own resources more.


Question: how ad blocker extensions identify ad elements on a webpage/video/stream and remove it?

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 how ad blocker extensions identify ad elements on a webpage/video/stream and remove it?

Users have created lists of sites/domains/ code that are advertisements. When a page starts to load it calls on those and the ad blocker filters out or blocks any calls to everything deemed an ad. advertisers constantly update so the lists constantly update but buying a domain is more expensive so ad blockers have the slight advantage.