Question: Why did the sky turn purple in Japan before Typhoon Hagibis made landfall?

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 Why did the sky turn purple in Japan before Typhoon Hagibis made landfall?

It's called scattering. The amount of moisture content and particulates in the air change what light wavelenghths are refracted (which changes what colors we see). It happens at sunset, though it's usually only the longer wavelenghths which are reds and yellows. The high moisture content and clouds that come with storms help to refract the shortest wavelengths (violets) which can result in a purple sky.


Question: Why are industrial power generators 3-phased? Why not 1 or 2 phases, what's so special about it?

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 Why are industrial power generators 3-phased? Why not 1 or 2 phases, what's so special about it?

It's like riding a bike. Two-phase power is equivalent to a two-pedal bicycle, and there are moments & mdash;when one pedal is all the way up and the other is all the way down & mdash;when pedalling is really hard and inefficient. If you had three-pedals (and three legs :-) this problem would go away.


Question: can anyone order off the senior citizen discount menu?

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 can anyone order off the senior citizen discount menu?

So let me put it this way. Even if it was legal for restaurants to not allow certain people to order certain items on the menu, why would they ever do that? The senior citizen discounted menu (or the kids menu for that matter) is not discounted because they really like seniors, it is discounted because the portion size is smaller. You are getting less food for less money.


Question: Users who do game programming with Unity and C#, what is a float?

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 Users who do game programming with Unity and C#, what is a float?

It's a special kind of decimal where the decimal point "floats" around the number, allowing it to represent numbers that are bigger and smaller than you would be able to otherwise. Say you had a piece of paper and you could only fit 10 numbers on it. You divide it into 10 boxes, like this: xxxxxxxxxx - the xs can be any number between 0 and 9 What's the biggest number you can represent? 9999999999 - because if you were to go any higher, you'd need an extra box, and go off the side of the paper. Okay, how could we represent a decimal number? We could agree beforehand that the decimal point goes in the middle of the paper, like this: xxxxx.xxxxx But what is the largest number we can write now? 99999.99999 - because the decimal point is in the middle, we only have five spaces on each side. We've cut the maximum size of the number by a factor of 10000! Okay, let's find a better way. What if, instead of putting the decimal point in a fixed spot, we reserve one of the boxes and use it to position the decimal point wherever we want? Like this: p xxxxxxxxx To figure out what decimal number we're talking about, we look at the value of p and count that many spaces from the first x number. That's where we put our decimal point. For example: 5 999999999 means count 5 spaces from the first 9, giving us 99999.9999 Now we can represent any number between 0 and 9999999, and they can be decimals too! The only problem is that when we pick really big numbers, we run out of space on the right to fit the decimal bit in. That's what causes game physics to start breaking when you're really far from the middle of the map.


Question: - Why can’t a bunch of diabetics get together and start a nonprofit insulin manufacturing company? Isn’t it pretty old tech?

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 - Why can’t a bunch of diabetics get together and start a nonprofit insulin manufacturing company? Isn’t it pretty old tech?

Human insulin itself isn't a excessively expensive drug: many pharmacies offer it for something like $30 a vial. It's the newer analogues of insulin, which provide much better control of blood sugar levels and are easier to use, which are far more expensive, mainly as many of them are still under patent.


Question: How does Archimedes' Principle actually work?

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 How does Archimedes' Principle actually work?

The stuff that makes up water and everything (atoms) can't be in the same place at the same time. When you put something solid into water, the atoms in the solid push the water atoms out of the way, the same amount of water equal to the volume of the solid. Thus it is said that the water is "displaced" by the solid. If you know the mass of the solid, and measure the volume of the water displaced you can calculate the solid density.


Question: Why was the sky yellow in the UK today?

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 Why was the sky yellow in the UK today?

The storm that hit Ireland today formed out in the Atlantic close to the Azores. As it tracked north it "sucked in" (technical term, ask anybody) winds from across North Africa, these winds bought dust from the Sahara desert with them. This dust is now high up in the atmosphere and has spread over southern(ish) England as the storm made land over Ireland. The dust is what has tinted the sky orange.


Question: / Why our mouth turns downwards when we're talking and on the brink of crying?

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 / Why our mouth turns downwards when we're talking and on the brink of crying?

Facial expressions have one purpose: communication. Turns out early humanoids survived better when they were able to tell how their friends were feeling. Over millennia, it’s been engrained into our brains that when we feel sad, we may get more help if we show our sadness. It just so happens that we ended up using smiling for happiness and a downward mouth for sadness, some monkey species have it completely opposite and a smile could be a sign of aggression for example.


Question: Why does facebook need two apps, one for messenger and one for general use?

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 Why does facebook need two apps, one for messenger and one for general use?

Because messaging used to be a secondary product. The primary Facebook usage used to be the status updates, commenting and the stuff. People were active Facebook users who went to a website, entered their passwords and logged in, played games - and then, used the messaging function at the bottom right. The rise of IM services like WhatsApp made people realize that it was far easier to just message without jumping through all those hoops. Not to mention, Facebook isn't as exciting or popular as it was 5 years ago. It isn't an organic network of friends like it said on the cover. It is mostly an RSS feed of your favorite bands and shows and people. People don't post anymore. Nobody is going to all that trouble of logging into the entire Facebook (both the website and the app) just for messaging which is just text. The competition started including additional features like stickers, calls which was not possible to include inside the Facebook app. So they made the smart choice of making it a seperate app that allows them to use it as a distinct developement platform for making bots, turning into a money transfer service, and a formidable communications app in itself. One tap and you cut directly to the chats. No noise like status updates and comments here.


Question: How is a bank "too big to fail"?

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 How is a bank "too big to fail"?

"Too Big to Fail" was term used in the 2008 financial crisis to describe banks that were so large, that their failure would have a devastating effect on the entire US economy. That is why the government bailed them out. You have to remember that the failure of one of these massive banks would affect more than just that company. These banks were the major supply of capital to major corporations across the country. Had one of these banks been allowed to fail, they would be forced to call in loans, which could thrust hundreds or thousands of businesses into bankruptcy. It would be a total disaster. The real lesson that I think has been missed is that these banks effectively had monopolies over the US economy. No entity should be allowed to get so big that they can crash the US economy, that's the whole point of the Sherman Anti-Trust law. These banks should be broken up into multiple, smaller banks to avoid this issue in the future.


Question: How is 70% Alcohol more effective in killing microorganisms than 90% or 100% concentration?

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 How is 70% Alcohol more effective in killing microorganisms than 90% or 100% concentration?

70% percent of alcohol is ideal to a stronger solution. Pure alcohol coagulates protein in contact. Suppose the pure alcohol is poured over a single celled organism. The alcohol will go through the cell wall of the organism in all direction, coagulating the protein just inside the cell wall. The ring of the coagulated protein would then stop the alcohol from penetrating farther from the cell, and no more coagulation would take place. At this time the cell would become inactive but not dead. Under the favorable conditions the cell would then begin to function. If 70 percent of alcohol is poured to a single celled organism, the diluted alcohol also coagulates the protein, but at a slower rate, so that it penetrates all the way through the cell before coagulation can block it. Then the entire cell is coagulated and the organism dies.


Question: Why does the cold water from my tap come out crystal clear but the hot water come out cloudy?

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 Why does the cold water from my tap come out crystal clear but the hot water come out cloudy?

Hot water is typically produced in a water heater, a large holding tank with a few heating elements to maintain the water at a constant temperature until drawn out as needed. These tanks are under pressure (heating things usually causes expansion) of about 150 psi. More air will dissolve into the water at that pressure than is normal at ambient pressure, so when it emerges from your faucet tiny bubbles can form similar in concept to a soda drink. It is also possible there are more dissolved minerals in the water as others mentioned, but it may well just be air.


Question: How can information be transmitted so accurately with little to no errors even at several MB/s?

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 How can information be transmitted so accurately with little to no errors even at several MB/s?

The most common protocol used for communication is TCP/IP which includes mechanisms to confirm all the data is received accurately. Data transferred over the internet is broken into smaller chunks called packets. That way if a file gets damaged during transport only a small part of it (a single packet) will be affected. Packets are typically 1500 bytes, or 1.5kb in size In addition to source + destination, filename, etc Each packet includes a verification called a checksum. Think of the checksum like a skill testing question 4 x 7 = 28 When the packet is received the checksum is verified. If it has become damaged then the checksum will no longer be valid and the receiver sends a message to re-transmit that packet. 3 x 7 = 28 ERROR Once all the packets for a file have been received and verified, the file is re-assembled. Not all traffic is verified in this way though. Instead of TCP some types of traffic use UDP which is 'best effort' protocol. This is used for things like voice chat and video that operate in real time and can afford to have a couple of errors during the transfer process.


Question: Why is it "bad" to get paid to give a speech?

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 Why is it "bad" to get paid to give a speech?

It's not necessarily bad, but there's a presumption that if an organization paid you to speak, then your message resonates with them and their values. Clinton's speeches were an issue because she spoke to Goldman Sachs, a large financial firm, and people assumed that meant she had shared goals or values with big finance. Obama's speech is only being talked about because he was supposed to be tough on Wall Street during his presidency, but now is being paid by a Wall Street firm to speak. Of course both Clinton and Obama have a lot of relevant things to say to a lot of different people and businesses in the US, so it's not necessarily true that being paid by big finance firms to speak means they want to protect big finance, but some people assume that if big finance pays you to speak then you can't really be that against big finance (or whoever the sponsor may be). For example, imagine if Donald Trump agreed to speak to the KKK about his immigration policy for $100,000. Would that necessarily mean he's racist? It wouldn't, but it would definitely look suspicious as to why the KKK was so excited to hear from Trump.


Question: How does finding gold or diamonds affect the economy? Essentially you are adding value into the economy that is unaccounted for, right?

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 How does finding gold or diamonds affect the economy? Essentially you are adding value into the economy that is unaccounted for, right?

It's really not much different from any other sort of production. You're taking a large initial starting investment and using it to produce something of value. In this case "production" means digging, but economically it's not functionally any different than running a magic factory where people made gold. Every company tries to produce stuff worth more than it cost, mining companies just dig it up. Now if you found $700 billion in gold that was just laying there for free, that would have economic ramifications since the marginal cost of production is zero. Gold would devalue and/or other prices would inflate.


Question: Why is sunrise light different than sunset light?

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 Why is sunrise light different than sunset light?

A few reasons, but the biggest reason is probably moisture in the air. When air cools in the evening/night, moisture in the air condenses. Some falls on the ground (Dew) but a lot of it hangs out in the air. The light going through that moisture is where you get that nice soft light in the early morning.


Question: What would happen to your body in the long run if you went on a sugar binge every few days?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 What would happen to your body in the long run if you went on a sugar binge every few days?

Generally a higher chance of diabetes and possibly some weight gain if you are consistently doing this and your caloric intake over time exceeds the amount of calories you are expending. A sugar binge isn't going to hurt you much if you are otherwise healthy, active and in shape and limit your sugar intake for the days you aren't binging. It isn't the occasional binge that causes long term health issues generally. It is consistently doing it a little bit too much every day that leads to damage in the long run. Same can be applied to anything unhealthy. You aren't gonna become obese by hugely over eating and being lazy for a couple days out of the year. You gain weight by consistently eating a bit too much. Same with alcohol, weed, tobacco. It applies pretty universally to most potentially unhealthy things.


Question: how do fingerprint scanners on mobile phones work and are they different from other scanners?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do fingerprint scanners on mobile phones work and are they different from other scanners?

There are three primary types of fingerprint scanners on the market. The one used in smartphones is called a *capacitive scanner,* as it relies on a property called capacitance. Basically, the scanner plate (typically a pad somewhere on the phone, often built into the home or power button) passes a small electrical current through itself, and when you press your finger to it, the pattern of ridges and valleys changes the capacitance through the array of cells that make up the scanner. The scanner then stores, not the picture of your fingerprint, but the pattern of capacitance changes that your finger causes. It can then check that stored pattern against a new pattern generated the next time you touch your finger to the plate. ____ This is the same as other scanners on the market, but if you have the space and you want a more accurate reading, you'll generally use an optical or ultrasound scanner.


Question: Why are people saying the economy is on the verge of another mega-recession/depression? What are the indicators?

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 Why are people saying the economy is on the verge of another mega-recession/depression? What are the indicators?

Not an economist, but there have been some conflicting economic signals, perhaps most notably the inverted yield curve (google it, it would take forever to explain). There was been an inversion before every recession, although there isn't a recession after every inversion. You could probably put slow wage growth and slow economic growth in general in this category as well. Overall, though, most indicators do not point to a recession coming soon. Some of it is probably just an intuitive feeling like we're due one because it's been a while. Some of it is just newspapers trying to get those precious clicks with baiting headlines. A not insignificant factor is also politics. It's a well documented fact in the US that whenever a politician if the opposite party is in power, people's views of the economy go down (and vice versa).


Question: How did early humans, or those part of small tribes and villages, survive genetic disorders of inbreeding and did not become extinct?

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 How did early humans, or those part of small tribes and villages, survive genetic disorders of inbreeding and did not become extinct?

Humans have been apex predators for most of their history. There was never a time when the population of homo-whatevers was so low that mating became a genetic challenge. By the time societies formed, there were more than enough humans to breed with. It doesn't take that large a population to guarantee genetic variation in a few generations. Some research has been done to this effect for the purposes of planning future space colonization. One article I read suggests a population as small as 160 people would be sufficient: URL_0 There was never a time in our history where inbreeding was strictly necessary for survival of the species.


Question: Why does food taste so much better to people when they're high and/or drunk?

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 Why does food taste so much better to people when they're high and/or drunk?

For weed you'll get a satisfying explanation here: URL_0 For alcohol: It is rather unclear if it it indeed enhances taste, it definitely makes some people hungry, influencing mainly appetite-regulating proteins and hormones. Overall I doubt many people recognize taste all that well while liquored up, it could be argued that it dulls the sense of taste in some.


Question: Why does putting salt on ice cause it to melt? I understand that salt water has a lower freezing point, but doesn't the salt have to dissolve into liquid water for that to ocurr?

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 Why does putting salt on ice cause it to melt? I understand that salt water has a lower freezing point, but doesn't the salt have to dissolve into liquid water for that to ocurr?

it does, and it does. there is always a little bit of water on the surface of ice. that water now mixes with salt and does not refreeze, and then interacts with the ice under it, little by little. It is far more effective when you put the salt out before the ice though, so it can create a nice salt water base to absorb the flakes as they fall.


Question: how does the ant on a rubber rope work?

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 how does the ant on a rubber rope work?

So, the idea with the puzzle (going by the version on Wiki) is that the ant is on a 1km rope walking at 1cm/s, but the rope gets stretched at 1km/s. It seems like the rope is always getting more longer than the ant has to walk, so that ant should never reach the end. The problem with that thinking is that the ant gets dragged along when the rope stretches. How far the ant gets dragged depends on how far along the rope it is. Imagine the ant finally gets to be 1cm from the end of the rope. But now the rope stretches by another 1km. Does that mean the ant in now 1km away? No, because the rubber that is under the ant gets pulled too. This would mean the ant is still about 1cm away from the end. Hopefully that'll get you started on the idea. And if not there's a [Vsauce2]( URL_0 ) video on this exact riddle!


Question: What makes different glues work better for different surfaces such as wood glue and paper glue and what is the main difference in how they work?

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 What makes different glues work better for different surfaces such as wood glue and paper glue and what is the main difference in how they work?

All glue isn't created equal and there are several ways that glue sticks things together. Glue can get bigger as it drys (gorilla glue), get smaller as it drys (Elmers) or stay about the same size (super glue). Different methods of sticking things together work better or worse on different surfaces depending on the surface.


Question: What is rent-seeking and how does it affect the economy on a local level and a national level?

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 What is rent-seeking and how does it affect the economy on a local level and a national level?

Rent seeking is businesses or other entities like colleges getting legislation passed that benefits them without providing a corresponding public benefit or purpose. Example, funeral homes lobbying to prevent other businesses or manufacturers from retailing caskets. That prevents competition on price and limits the players in the game along with selection. Funeral homes sell it as a public safety thing while having no real reason for limiting casket sales from licensed funeral homes. In fact it is done simply to maintain the funeral home monopoly on sales of caskets.


Question: If the exoplanet HD 100-546 is larger than some stars, how come it hasn’t collapsed into a low-mass star?

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 If the exoplanet HD 100-546 is larger than some stars, how come it hasn’t collapsed into a low-mass star?

We have just started to research the HD 100546 star system. It is a fairly young system and still have its acreation disk which planets form from. So it is very hard to see things in it. Adding to this there are not may star systems of this type so we do not know these very well. Whe do have some indications of one planet or maybe even two planets in the star system. And one of these is large enough that it could be a brown dwarf but it could also be a regular planet. There is some overlap in masses between brown dwarfs and gas giants because they can have different densities, composition, temperature, core material, etc. which does affect its ability to burn deuterium or not. We do not know if HD 100546 b does burn deuterium which would make it into a brown dwarf but from what we can tell now it does not look like this process have started making it a gas giant.


Question: How did the Romans do complex mathematical calculations with Roman numerals and without using zero?

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 How did the Romans do complex mathematical calculations with Roman numerals and without using zero?

The Romans mostly used math for practical purposes...accounting, construction, engineering. And Roman numerals don't have place meaning...an M is 1000 no matter where it is. As a result, they didn't really need an explicit zero. And addition, subtraction, and multiplication in Roman numerals isn't hard. Somewhat tedious if you're doing large values, but once you're used to it not really any worse than memorizing times tables (which you don't have to do for multiplying Roman numbers). Division does suck...but they had abacuses. And abacuses inherently do place-based numbers. So if you needed to do "heavy" math you'd just use an abacus and that takes care of most of what makes it look like it would suck if done by hand. Uncoincidentally, the Romans didn't do much with pure mathematics. But that wasn't what they were trying to do either.


Question: . What is happening in an acid to base chemical reaction? And why it's (usually)being done?

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 . What is happening in an acid to base chemical reaction? And why it's (usually)being done?

Alright, I’m gonna use the most common simple example of this I can think of. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) (a base) mixed with Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) (An acid) When both of these things encounter water, they dissolve into ions, Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) turns into Na+ and OH-. Meaning that Na+ is missing an electron (hence its positive) and OH- has an extra electron (hence its negative) Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) turns into H+ and Cl-, H+ missing and electron and Cl- having an extra electron. These ions then match up with their pair from the other group, Na+ needs an electron, and Cl- has it, so they bond together and form NaCl, or plain old salt. The H+ and the OH- then pair up and bond together, and become H2O, or plain old water. All acid base reactions are essentially this, both things breaking down into their parts, and then those parts reacting together to form more stable things, Water (H2O) and a salt (in this case NaCl, the salt everyone is familiar with, but there are other kinds of salts with other atoms)


Question: What is the difference between Rayleigh scattering and light diffraction?

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 What is the difference between Rayleigh scattering and light diffraction?

Diffraction is used to describe when a wave bends around an obstacle. Rayleigh scattering happens when light interacts with very small particles. These particles have electric charges in them. Since light is made up of oscillating electric and magnetic fields, the charges in these particles respond to the vibrating fields in light and start to oscillate too. The oscillating charges in the particles then produce their own light, which interferes with the original source of light to cause scattering.


Question: In the 1970's, why didn't US auto manufacturers make smaller, more fuel efficient vehicles like Honda and Toyota?

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 In the 1970's, why didn't US auto manufacturers make smaller, more fuel efficient vehicles like Honda and Toyota?

Oil shock was a political thing that kicked in on short notice. It took 4-5 years to develop a new car model back then (even with advances in technology, it's still 3-4 now). U.S. Auto makers tried, but time and lack of expertise caused them to put out a whole bunch of shitty cars like Ford Pinto, Chevy Chevette. Japanese makers just happened to be making what was more beneficial for other reasons -- low cost and density of cities like Tokyo. Was much quicker to import existing models than develop new ones.


Question: Who is Navalny and why is he important?

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 Who is Navalny and why is he important?

Alexei Navalny represents Putin's strongest critic, and in a country known to assassinate people who go against the Russian government, it is kind of a big deal. Putin has attempted to assassinate Navalny twice and failed, but now he's returned to Russia. He asked his supporters to be present when he landed, and Russia has his plane diverted and land elsewhere where there were armed police ready to arrest him. Putin fears Navalny because he represents rebellion, and he cannot kill him now or he'll become a martyr. He has recently unveiled a plot by Putin to construct a billion dollar palace, and so it also shows Putin in a bad light. In essence, Alexei Navalny is Putin's greatest threat at the moment.


Question: Where does this whole "white people food is bland and unseasoned" thing come from?

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 Where does this whole "white people food is bland and unseasoned" thing come from?

It is an idea in the USA, and it comes from earlier in the country's history, when most white people were British or German or Scandinavian. All these countries have non-spicy cuisines. It was not meant to refer to Italian, Greek, or Spanish food; these are not the white people in question.


Question: How does the owner of a company/business know how much he or she makes?

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 How does the owner of a company/business know how much he or she makes?

Actually, its too ambiguous a question to answer. If the business owner is _smart_, they pay themselves a fixed, regular salary. Not only do they get a regular salary, taxes and payroll, benefit junk gets handled properly, it also minimizes the exposure of the company to owner malfeasence (hanky panky). If the business owner is stupid, they just dip into the company bank account whenever they want. Its pretty obvious how this can be easily abused. if the company is entirely owned by the one person, anything beyond their costs, salaries, benefits, is theirs free and clear (subject to corporate taxes).


Question: How would a particle collision at CERN be experienced by our senses; would it have feeling, smell, sounds, looks, etc, or would you die from the explosion, or is it so small you'd not notice anything?

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 How would a particle collision at CERN be experienced by our senses; would it have feeling, smell, sounds, looks, etc, or would you die from the explosion, or is it so small you'd not notice anything?

You mean if you were in the path of a collision? We have a rough idea because something similar happened to someone in the past. In 1978, a Russian scientist named Anatoli Bugorski was accidentally hit in the head with a proton beam moving at close to the speed of light from a particle accelerator. He saw a flash "brighter than a thousand suns" but didn't feel any pain. Afterwards, his face swelled up and began to peel along the path the particles took. His intellectual capacity is intact but he as a result he has deafness in his left ear, paralysis of left half of his face, occasional seizures, and he gets tired easily. Despite this, he was able to complete his PhD and continued to work. He's still alive today. He received more than enough radiation to kill him, but because the beam was so tiny, it simply passed right through him. The catch is that the LHC at CERN is 200 times more powerful than the accelerator he was working on. Also, he was lucky enough that the beam passed through non-vital areas of his brain. If it had passed through a vital area or some other part of his body, he might have been killed.


Question: How can someone be absolutely sure that a number is irrational, not a fraction with obscenely massive numerator & denominator?

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 How can someone be absolutely sure that a number is irrational, not a fraction with obscenely massive numerator & denominator?

The definition of an irational number is that it CAN NOT be written as, p/q, where p, q are integers and q != 0. It is possible to prove this for numbers. For example we can use a proof by contradiction to proove that sqrt(2) is irrational. Proof that sqrt(2) is irrational: Assume that sqrt(2) is rational. By definition of rational numbers we can right a/b = sqrt(2). Further assume that a/b is reduced, so that a and b do not share any common factors. (If they do then simplify the fraction and you have your new a and b). Then: a/b = sqrt(2) (a/b)^2 = sqrt(2)^2 a^(2)/b^(2) = 2 a^(2) = 2b^(2) This means a^2 is an even integer, which is only possible if a itself is even, and a = 2k, for some integer k. Then: a^(2) = 2b^(2) (2k)^(2) = 2b^(2) 4k^(2) = 2b^(2) 2k^2 = b^2 This means b^2 is even, which is only possible if b itself is even. But if both a and b are even then they share 2 as a common factor. This is a contradiction of our original assumption. Therefore sqrt(2) can't be rational. As the other person says the proof for the irrationality of pi and e are not as simple.


Question: when on a trampoline if two people jump at the same time one goes super high and the other almost doesn’t go up, how does this work?

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 when on a trampoline if two people jump at the same time one goes super high and the other almost doesn’t go up, how does this work?

It happens because both people land at different times. When the first person lands, they stretch the springs and push the surface down. Then when the next person lands, they further tighten the springs, increasing the force pushing the other person up. This makes the first person get thrown a lot higher. But because the tension on the springs was greater, the first person doesn't push the trampoline down as much; and when the first person goes back up, the tension drops away, so there's not much force, or distance either, to throw the second person up. So they don't bounce up much at all.


Question: Why don’t concert tickets have the customers name on them like airplane tickets?

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 Why don’t concert tickets have the customers name on them like airplane tickets?

There are legitimate reasons to transfer a ticket, and this would make that difficult. Requiring an ID to enter a venue would be unpopular with fans. Checking ID at time of entry would make an already-slow process much, much slower, which would be unpopular with fans and the venue. It would likely require additional staff, which means higher cost of running a show, which could mean more expensive tickets. But probably most importantly: ticket sellers (e.g. Ticketmaster) have zero reason to do this. It makes their process more complex and likely more expensive, and it would make fewer scalpers buy tickets. Ticket vendors just want as many tickets sold as possible, they don't care what happens after the sale.


Question: Why is a male contraceptive pill not yet available?

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 Why is a male contraceptive pill not yet available?

Because ovulation in women is relatively easy to control with hormones, while sperm production is far more difficult to control without causing huge side effects. The "TL;DR" for this is that stopping ovulation in women is exploiting an existing biological function, while there is no such extant function to stop sperm production. In Women, Ovulation can be prevented by using pills that mimic the hormones released immediately after ovulation, essentially telling the body "You don't need to release an egg because you already did, silly!" In men, there's no such hormone control. Sperm is made constantly unless you completely wipe out the hormones required, which can potentially lead to permanent infertility. Speaking of, virtually every attempt at a male contraceptive pill has lead to permanent sterility in up to a 5th of all trial participants. About the only promising pills currently in development (All at least 5 years away) are drugs that stop the Sperm from entering the egg effectively, however many of these are Calcium-Channel-Blocker class drugs, which means they have a myriad of other effects that must be considered.


Question: Why do spiders clench their legs when they die?

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 Why do spiders clench their legs when they die?

Spiders use hydraulic pressure to move their legs, much like how the bucket on a big loader/backhoe works. The legs are naturally "sprung" into the closed position, and fluid pumped into them pushes them outward when they move. When they die, the pressure is lost, so they spring back into the curled position.


Question: How we found the void in The Great Pyramid of Giza? (how Muon Tomography really works)

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 How we found the void in The Great Pyramid of Giza? (how Muon Tomography really works)

ELI18+ is the Wikipedia article. There are particles with high energy hitting the atmosphere. In the collisions, muons are produced, tiny particles that don't live long. The muons travel downwards (typically not directly vertically, but still downwards) until they are stopped. Rock stops more muons than air. If you put a muon detector somewhere, the amount of muons you detect depends on how much rock is above you. If your detector can detect the direction of muons as well, you can detect the amount of rock in all directions above you. If you expect 100 meters of rock from the pyramid in some direction, you can calculate how many muons you expect and compare that to the measurement. Fewer muons? - > more muon-stopping rock in the way. More muons? - > Less muon-stopping rock in the way. Repeat that measurement in multiple places and you get a rough idea how much rock is where in the pyramid.


Question: What method have we used to accurately measure the distance to far away objects, for example, the Andromeda galaxy and how sure are we of our method's margin of error?

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 What method have we used to accurately measure the distance to far away objects, for example, the Andromeda galaxy and how sure are we of our method's margin of error?

[A standard candle is a class of astrophysical objects, such as supernovae or variable stars, which have known luminosity due to some characteristic quality possessed by the entire class of objects. Thus, if an extremely distant object can be identified as a standard candle then the absolute magnitude M (luminosity) of that object is known. Knowing the absolute magnitude, the distance D (in cm) can be calculated from the apparent magnitude m as shown in the formula below.]( URL_0 )


Question: Why do mobile apps (facebook/twitter/etc) have updates so often?

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 Why do mobile apps (facebook/twitter/etc) have updates so often?

There are multiple reasons. One is because there are so many devices, at least on Android. Those hundreds of devices all have different screen sizes, processors, OS versions, and many other differences. As users find bugs, they can report them, and with the hundreds of millions of devices out there, that is a lot of bug reports. Also, new things are being added all the time, like Facebook's Stories, which also induce more bugs to be found. Other things are added, or fixed language translations, patches for security flaws, or removal of outdated features.


Question: Why does transmission of high amounts of electrical current through a wire cause a humming sound?

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 Why does transmission of high amounts of electrical current through a wire cause a humming sound?

Electric current creates a magnetic field, high currents create a strong magnetic field, and strong magnetic fields create strong forces What you are hearing is the result of the current creating a magnetic field that physically squeezes and releases the wire 100 or 120 times per second. The wire is actually moving and this is what creates the humming


Question: How do they program computers to play at different elo strengths in chess?

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 How do they program computers to play at different elo strengths in chess?

The "strength" of a computer chess program is governed, generally, by two things: 1. How many moves ahead it calculates; 2. Whether or not it is programmed to select suboptimal moves. The further ahead the computer looks and the more optimal moves it makes, the harder it will be. The fewer moves ahead it looks and the less optimal moves it makes, the easier it will be. You can then calibrate the computer by having it play against ranked people and seeing how well it fairs.


Question: Why is 24-karat pure gold and not 100-karat?

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 Why is 24-karat pure gold and not 100-karat?

In 309 CE, Roman Emperor Constantine I began to mint a new gold coin solidus that was 1⁄72 of a libra (Roman pound) of gold equal to a mass of 24 siliqua, where each siliqua (or carat) was 1⁄1728 of a libra. This is believed to be the origin of the value of the karat. Source : URL_0


Question: Why does sunlight produce solar energy but electrical light doesn't?

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 Why does sunlight produce solar energy but electrical light doesn't?

False premise. All light carries energy. However, that energy normally just becomes heat. To use it, we often use solar panels. Solar panels rely on higher frequencies of light and high intensities. Light from, say, an incandescent bulb, is going to be less bright than the sun and carry less of the higher frequencies.


Question: where does the flu come from every year?

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 where does the flu come from every year?

The flu exists all year round, it just spreads more rapidly in flu season. Flu season is partly due to the weather. The flu can spread more easily in the cold because it survives longer outside the body when it isn't hot, humid, and sunny out. That and people tend to stay indoors more in the winter where they can be exposed to more people. Many flu strains just never go away, they just keep coming back over and over again infecting small parts of the population that isn't immune to that strain. Most flu shots actually contain multiple strains for that reason, and the annual flu shot will likely contain the COVID 19 vaccine for decades to come (once the vaccine is available) for the same reason. Lots of new flu and cold strains originate from South East Asia. These types of viruses are naturally found in birds and pigs and jump to humans and mutate. Which then makes them infectious to humans. These areas of the planet are notorious for high population densities of humans living close to livestock, and for massive enclosed markets with various animal cages piled one on top of the other which is why these jumps occur so often. These viruses then spread person to person and spread all over the globe thanks to air travel and travel in general. COVID 19 for example originated in Wuhan and spread over the world in the exact same manner. It's believed to have mutated from a bat or pangolin virus in one of these markets. That's why the US built a virology lab in Wuhan exactly because that's where a lot of flu and cold strains originate. It's about getting ahead of the game and seeing what strains are coming next. To answer the next question the solution is get rid of the high density animal markets. China has known about this problem for decades but it's been difficult to fix because these markets have existed for centuries. But COVID 19 has hopefully convinced them that this needs to happen.


Question: How is a mathematical problem/equation “unsolvable” or “unsolved”?

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 How is a mathematical problem/equation “unsolvable” or “unsolved”?

Mathematical problems are not arithmetic or algebra problems like you might see in school. While those skills are often necessary for mathematics, they are not a good representation of the actual questions considered by mathematicians. Research problems in mathematics are conjectures about some abstract structure, usually but not always infinite in size, and to "solve" the problem is to logically prove whether the conjecture holds. For example, one classic result is [the proof that there exist infinitely many prime numbers]( URL_0 ). This is not something you can check by testing all the cases (there are infinitely many numbers to check), or by manipulating an algebraic equation (what equation would you even use?) - you need to reason logically about what it means for numbers to be prime. This proof has been known for a long time, but there is a related conjecture that is still unsolved: whether there are infinitely many *pairs* of prime numbers that are 2 apart from each other (ex. 3 and 5, 11 and 13, 17 and 19). There are many such pairs known, but proving that there must be infinitely many has turned out to be very difficult.


Question: The saying goes “never add water to acid”. How come your stomach acid does not react when you drink water?

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 The saying goes “never add water to acid”. How come your stomach acid does not react when you drink water?

You don't want to add water to acid because some strong acids can react violently to the water, heating it quickly and causing it to boil, splashing acid out of the container. In the stomach there is both no danger of the acid splashing out, and also the acid employed in the stomach simply isn't that strong so there is no danger of that level of reaction.