Question: What were the tax implications of Drake's almost $1 million giveaway during God's Plan?

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 What were the tax implications of Drake's almost $1 million giveaway during God's Plan?

For the recipients, minimal. Gifts are not usually taxed as income (though the donor may pay gift tax depending on annual and lifetime giving). Incidentally, you never lose money (from taxation) by having more income. This myth is perpetuated by people not understanding how tax brackets work (a person is not “in a tax bracket”, their income is taxed differently as it “fills up” that tax bracket, once the bracket is filled, the remainder flows over into the next higher one). The only major exceptions to that would be gifts/winnings that are not in monetary form (winning a car on Wheel of Fortune), or forgiveness of debt (Loan Forgiveness programs can cause a large tax obligation when they finally trigger).


Question: During an economic recession, where does the money *go*?

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 During an economic recession, where does the money *go*?

A lot of people in here talking about value, and what they're saying is true. But a lot of the impacts of a recession are not about value, but about the velocity of money, and economic activity, and that disappearing. You have $50. So you go and spend that $50 at the local barber. That barber goes to spend that $50 on a few bottles of wine from the local winery. And the vintner spends that $50 on groceries. And the grocer puts that money into savings because he's looking to buy a house. That $50 creates $150 of economic activity (ie. our GDP = $150), and the velocity of money is 3. But you are in shut down, and you google how to cut your hair yourself. You spend the money instead on groceries, and the grocer puts it into savings. The $50 is still the same $50. It never disappeared, but the velocity of money is only 1 this time. It's only created $50 on economic activity, our GDP is only $50. This is an overly simplified example, but illustrates that how quickly we spend money actually has an impact on our GDP. The money never really disappears, it's just the economic activity it enables goes away. **Edit**: I'm not going to say thank you for the gold because /u/SrGrafo [told me not to]( URL_2 ). But if anybody wants to read up more about the history of money they should [read]( URL_3 ) or [watch]( URL_0 ) the Ascent of Money but Neill Fergusson, watch [Jacob Clifford on youtube]( URL_4 ); or listen to the [Planet Money podcast]( URL_1 ). These are all very accessible ways of learning more about economic concepts.


Question: How can shock keep the body alive after severe physical trauma, and how would it feel to be in shock?

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 How can shock keep the body alive after severe physical trauma, and how would it feel to be in shock?

Adrenaline is a hell of a drug. I absolutely refuse to even begin to look for that video, but I assume she was alive because of two reasons: - Extreme amounts of adrenaline meant her brain wasn't receiving literally mind blowing amounts of pain. - Extreme amounts of adrenaline meant her heart/circulatory system was working overtime, keeping the brain fed and oxygenated. With these two things, she was probably and unfortunately very conscious. She would have experienced everything but numbed. In the end, people really only die when the brain stops getting oxygen.


Question: How does repressing memories due to trauma work?

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 How does repressing memories due to trauma work?

Brains are fun like that! It's basically your brain trying to protect you/itself from whatever traumatic thing. Same thing can happen with your eyesight. See something traumatizing enough and you could go blind! (Temporarily of course and not actually physically blind, brain just blocking receptors). Memory also works that way too. Your brain can block out the really traumatic parts so that you can remember the jist of what happened but not remember super fine details. The response to the traumatic event can still be there (anxiety, depression etc) but it will not be as strong as when the event happened. Over time the response lessens and lessens. People usually define themselves as survivors after traumatic events.


Question: How does soap help remove body odor im comparison to plain water?

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 How does soap help remove body odor im comparison to plain water?

A lot of the stuff that makes us dirty and smelly is accumulated on our body because of oil. Oil traps in dirt and odors. And if you know anything about oil, you should know that it doesn't mix or dissolve in water. So while rubbing with just water might get rid of some surface oils, we use soap, which breaks down the oil (along with the dirt and odors in it) into smaller pieces that can be dissolved into the water and washed away.


Question: why do stickers easily come off on fabric but hard to peel off on metal or other surfaces also leaving behind a sticky residue and sometimes not even being able to peel it all off?

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 why do stickers easily come off on fabric but hard to peel off on metal or other surfaces also leaving behind a sticky residue and sometimes not even being able to peel it all off?

Fabric is a relatively "rough" surface, so the sticker is only sticking to the highest points on the fabric, so there's less surface contact. Take the same sticker and stick it to the sandy side of sandpaper, same thing. Or, find a very smooth piece of silk to stick the sticker too, it likely still stick better. Lastly, when you peel the sticker off the fabric, look at the back of the sticker: it probably took a lot of fabric with in the form of lint, rather than leaving residue behind.


Question: Are tea and coffee metabolized the same way water and dry herbs/beans would be separately? Does the water undergo a chemical change when it steeps/brews? About what percent of the initial water is metabolized by the body normally?

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 Are tea and coffee metabolized the same way water and dry herbs/beans would be separately? Does the water undergo a chemical change when it steeps/brews? About what percent of the initial water is metabolized by the body normally?

Tea and coffee are not metabolized in the same way that the dry herbs or beans would be because only some of the substances in the herbs/beans are leeched out into the water. The water doesn't undergo a chemical change but rather dissolves chemicals from within the brewed substance. The body doesn't really metabolize water, it metabolizes the substances carried within the water.


Question: What about Shakespeare has made it almost universally taught in high schools?

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 What about Shakespeare has made it almost universally taught in high schools?

It's basically the first good example of "modern" English literature. While some translation is usually done to replace obsolete or obscure wording, they're largely legible in their original form. There are older texts of course, but much of it is drab religious or political material. Once you're out before the 1500s and widespread priting press usage, texts like the Canterbury Tales are written in illegible Middle English.


Question: How does stored energy like ATP become kinetic energy?

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 How does stored energy like ATP become kinetic energy?

big question Imagine every ATP is a rubberband that is stretched, it has energy that is only released when you let it come back to its normal shape. Now imagine that you attach a little car to this rubber band and let it pull the car, the car moves, the ruberband loses its energy. Do this 1000x and you can move the car pretty far. Its *kinda* similar for our muscles. ATP gets broken down which releases the stored energy in the chemical bond, wich is then harvested to make little proteins called myosins move and contract your muscle thus moving your arm.


Question: How do stationary space satellite stay in place, and not go around the earth with out falling?

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 How do stationary space satellite stay in place, and not go around the earth with out falling?

Geostationary satellites are still orbiting, which means they're moving sideways fast enough that the curve as they fall follows the Earth's surface and so they maintain the same altitude. What keeps them "stationary" is that their orbital speed is the same as the rotation speed of the planet beneath (e.g. it takes them 24 hours to make a complete circuit), so they stay in the same place in the sky.


Question: Why is the color of water coming from the sink different? Sometime its clear and sometime its gray. Same with ice

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 Why is the color of water coming from the sink different? Sometime its clear and sometime its gray. Same with ice

You faucet has a little mesh cap called a [faucet aerator]( URL_0 ). It's job is to mix air into the water to reduce splashing, noise, etc. The air mixed into the water scatters light and makes it look white. The same applies to ice from your freezer. It is white because of trapped air bubbles. Restaurants and professional ice-makers use a machine that vibrates the water as it freezes to remove the bubbles, making clear ice.


Question: Why is it possible to be more exhausted after 10hours of sleep then after 4hours of sleep?

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 Why is it possible to be more exhausted after 10hours of sleep then after 4hours of sleep?

Sometimes, you will feel more or less tired depending on when during a sleep cycle you wake up. When we sleep, we go through various stages in multiple cycles. Usually, a full cycle lasts about 1.5 hours. If you wake up at the end of a cycle, you don't feel so tired. When you wake up on your own in the morning, that's usually at the end of a cycle. If you wake up in the middle of cycle, you feel a lot more tired; your sleep was interrupted. In that case, you feel less tired sleeping for 3 hours than 8 hours. However, I'm fairly certain that feeling of tiredness is only the initial feeling. During the course of the day, sleeping only three hours will reduce your energy a lot more than sleeping eight hours. Waking up at eight hours might feel terrible, but will be better for you overall.


Question: If amber lensed computer glasses reflect the blue light, why aren't they blue?

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 If amber lensed computer glasses reflect the blue light, why aren't they blue?

They're not reflecting the blue light, they're absorbing it. And all other colours except amber. So amber is what you see coming through them as well as bouncing off them. When light is absorbed it is used to vibrate the molecules that make up the glass. This makes it slightly warmer, but not so much you'd notice, normally.


Question: Why does CO2 make a drink like Coke feel 'fizzy' while nitrogen gas makes a drink like beer/ale feel smother?

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 Why does CO2 make a drink like Coke feel 'fizzy' while nitrogen gas makes a drink like beer/ale feel smother?

Bubble size. imagine bubble wrap for mailing packages - it comes in different sizes, some with lots of little bubbles and then some with fewer but bigger bubbles. In beer, N2 makes lots of little bubbles while CO2 makes fewer big bubbles. And just like how fine silt feels smoother than rough sand in your fingers, finer bubbles feel smoother in your mouth.


Question: How do store's off brand products sell at half the price as the name brand product, when they each have the exact same ingredients?

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 How do store's off brand products sell at half the price as the name brand product, when they each have the exact same ingredients?

Well, part of it is that the costs of producing a certain product don't just include ingredients. Things like marketing also contribute to the cost, and the amount of marketing and design that goes into a big name brand VS the marketing and design costs of a store brand product are very different. Plus other related costs like paying for shelf space. If you want your product on eye-level on a shelf (as most big brands do), that is a privilege you pay for. That is not something the grocery store just hands you for free. The other side of the coin is profit margin. Different products have different profit margins. What sort of profit margin you decide for your product depends a lot on what sort of product you are sell, what sort of customer type you target etc. Store brand products are often targeted at price-concious shoppers. Those are people that really use price as their main reason when determining which brand to buy. So if you want to sell those products at all, you need to offer a low price. That means taking a lower profit margin, but hey, your product sells. And if it just sells often enough, you still end up with a tidy profit. Big name brands can target very different customers. Not every customer is very price-concious. There are also target groups who decide based on other things. For example, if you are aiming your product at very health-concious shoppers, they might not care what sort of price you ask for your product, as long as you dazzle them with how Natural and Healthy and Free Of Toxins it is. If you are aiming your product at shoppers like that, you can often sell that product with a much higher margin. It might only cost you pennies more to produce that product than the store brand one, but because of the people you target it towards, you can easily sell it for double the price.


Question: why can't some animals be completely domesticated?

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 why can't some animals be completely domesticated?

There are several various reasons why certain animals easily able to be domesticated. Domestication takes an extremely long amount of time and significant effort, thus was only undertaken by early civilizations due to its benefits. I'm somewhat confident that with modern resources and technologies any animal could eventually be domesticated, though would require an absurd investment for little payoff (See modern fox domestication efforts). For animals that could be domesticated easily, there are 4 general criteria that are required. First the animal, with minor exception of cats and dogs, must be an herbivore, feeding large carnivores is too much of an effort and usually too dangerous. They should reproduce as quickly as possible, as observing and recording changes in animal behavior and breeding the ones that show these changes, over many human lifespans is extremely difficult task if there is only 1-2 generations per 60-80 years (Elephants). The animals also need some level of family structure that can be exploited to humans benefit. The classic example is horses vs. zebras, since if a human captures and tames the pack leader, the rest will follow it, greatly assisting with long term domestication. Zebras mill about with no structure it herds a few thousand strong making it nearly impossible to get them to do what you want. Lastly, though it should go without saying, they need to have some useful trait or reason to be domesticated to be worth the effort. See CGP Greys video for a way more in-depth explanation, including the difference between taming and domestication: [Link]( URL_0 )


Question: Can you please explain to me the business model of 'Brave' browser?

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 Can you please explain to me the business model of 'Brave' browser?

Brave blocks ads, and then lets you opt in to getting THEIR ads. They give you a token currency for viewing ads, and the keep the income from the actual ads that are generated. They then give the user the option to forward their token-currency to websites that sign up to the Brave Content Creators program for support. Essentially, you can watch ads to support specific websites that you want, but Brave takes a share.


Question: Why is it that some ice cubes freeze transparent and other ice cubes freeze opaque?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that some ice cubes freeze transparent and other ice cubes freeze opaque?

When ice cools and freezes the gas dissolved in the ice does not freeze, it comes out of solution and forms bubbles. When you fill an ice tray with tap water, the outside bit of the water cools first, this forms a layer of ice that seals and soon to come bubbles inside the ice cube. This is why the ice from your home is usually cloudy, it's bubbles frozen into the ice. If you boil the water first, the boiling will also drive the gasses out of the water, only they'll get bubbled right out of the water. If you freeze the resulting water it should be clear as it won't produce bubbles with freezing. Commercial ice is usually made with some sort of agitator to prevent this. A common method is is to freeze the ice in a tube, applying the cooling only from the tube, and passing a bubbler through the center, this prevents the top from freezing first, instead the edges freeze, and the bubbler pokes a hole in it which the gasses can freeze through. They take the ice cubes out before it's completely frozen (they don't freeze it to a block), these ones will be clear, but that's why they have holes in the center.


Question: Why does the timer on my washer lie to me? It has said ‘6 minutes left’ for the last 20 minutes. What causes the accuracy (or, more commonly, the lack thereof) in the timer for washers and dryers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the timer on my washer lie to me? It has said ‘6 minutes left’ for the last 20 minutes. What causes the accuracy (or, more commonly, the lack thereof) in the timer for washers and dryers?

During the spin cycle some washers have an unbalanced load sensor (i.e. all the clothes has lumped up on one side of the drum). When the machine detects this it stops the spin and the timer to avoid damaging the drum and will rotate back and forth slowly a few times to try to evenly distribute the weight and then spins fast again. However, certain loads can't be evenly distributed (a couple of thick items like jeans or sweaters with other clothes) and so this cycle will repeat, lengthening the complete cycle time. If your load has ever finished, but the clothes are still very wet, this is likely your problem.


Question: Why do feel more comfortable sleeping with our entire body in the blanket/sheets? Is there some psychological aspect behind it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do feel more comfortable sleeping with our entire body in the blanket/sheets? Is there some psychological aspect behind it?

Among many other reasons biologically, our core body temperature tends to drop when we fall asleep; so having something to bundle up in (blankets, sheets) helps keep our body temp regulated and also allows our brain to recognise we’re in sleep mode so it can produce yummy relaxation chemicals like serotonin and dopamine. If we didn’t have something to bundle up in, we lose our ‘microclimate’; when this happens, we become more susceptible to sleep disturbances like temperature fluctuations and other environmental factors like noise and light.


Question: Why can't the UK just stop giving the EU money and just leave?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't the UK just stop giving the EU money and just leave?

Think of it like leaving an appartment. The UK is living in the European Union building and wants to leave. But there's a bunch of furniture at their place that needs to be moved. There's also the lease which says you must pay a penalty if you just up and leave instead of waiting for lease renewal. Also the UK has keys to the front door and the washing room so they gotta give those to someone. Basically a lot of small details that have to be sorted out. Countries and economies are tremendously big and complex, so those details add up to a couple of years. Sure, the UK COULD just up and leave, but that would leave a mess behind for both the EU and the UK (the UK does want to keep their furniture!). And it's not like the UK is moving continents, they're still gonna be neighbors 'cause the UK is merely moving to his own house across the street. So you can't just start your moving by pissing off the neighbors.


Question: How can the air go from so normal that you can't feel it, to so powerfull it can knock down houses when its super windy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can the air go from so normal that you can't feel it, to so powerfull it can knock down houses when its super windy?

There are some places on earth that are hotter than others. It may be due to the presence of forests, sea, or cities. The matter is that hot air is less dense, i.e weights less per "balloon", than "cold" air. Thus, because it is formed closer to earth, it goes up into the atmosphere, just like oil tends to be on top of water. Because the hot air left empty space where it originated, and nature tends to the equilibrium, other masses of air that did not "ascend" go into the empty space, moving to do so. We name this movement of air, due to different temperatures, "wind". The bigger the temperature difference between the hot air and the cold air (the one that did not "ascend"), the stronger the wind. Sometimes you have masses of air moving thousands of kilometers until they settle, other times they move just a little bit. Furthermore, obstacles such as mountains, buildings and forests may block the wind, slowing it down. Although this does explain different wind intensities, it does not explain why some get so strong, to the point of destroying several houses. So there are these bad boys called "tornadoes". Tornadoes form most of the time on the sea, because they require both cold and hot moist masses of air, and there is no better place to acquire moisture than on earth's gigantic water surface. These masses sometimes meet each other, creating big instabilities, better known as "thunderstorms". When these thunderstorms have really strong wind involved, the hot air will go rapidly up, and the cold air rapidly down. The wind will make the air masses spin, and throw even more air towards both the ground (cold air) and sky (hot air). Clouds involved begin to make the tornado visible, and the more air it gets, the faster and wider it grows. Then, wind will make it move, just like sometimes rain moves, and eventually hit land, then cities, destroying a lot of buildings. After some time, it begins to lose air instead, due to different climate conditions it reaches (climate is stuff like moisture, temperature, wind normal direction, etc.). Eventually, it completely disappears. Hope I helped.


Question: Why do the lights seem to be flickering at night, when looking from distance?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
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Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do the lights seem to be flickering at night, when looking from distance?

Because heat re-radiates back up from the earth having been warmed during the day by the sun. This causes minor distortions in light as it gets slightly bent through the warmer air. This is the same reason why stars twinkle. That's why on a really dry cold night there's little to no twinkling. Test this for yourself.


Question: How do Bluetooth IEMS/Headphones actually transmit sound without any physical connection between the IEM and device it is paired with?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do Bluetooth IEMS/Headphones actually transmit sound without any physical connection between the IEM and device it is paired with?

The sound is converted into a radio wave and broadcast to the receiver, which then receives the waves and converts them back into data. This data could be sound, or it could be any other kind of data you'd like to send. Anything and everything "wireless" works in this way. What makes Bluetooth different from FM radio is the frequency it uses, and the way it encodes data. Bluetooth uses a much higher frequency than your car radio, which means it has a much shorter effective range, but also means it can send more data at once.


Question: Why are things that are hot to the touch, not so hot to the mouth i.e. Coffee?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

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For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are things that are hot to the touch, not so hot to the mouth i.e. Coffee?

Two reasons mostly. The first is that your mouth is actually built to handle somewhat warmer temperatures than your skin. So something that is just a little too hot to stick a finger into is probably okay to drink. The second is that you usually aren't taking big gulps of really hot coffee - you're taking sips. And when you sip, you're mixing the fluid with air and spattering it across your mouth - this spreads out the heat and minimizes the amount of coffee that's actually in contact with your mouth. If you took a straw and swept a few drops of coffee across the back of your hand, it'd burn much less than that same amount all in one spot - that's what's happening inside of your mouth.


Question: If you support a company, does clicking their ads show support or does it charge them money? Same question for skipping them on youtube.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If you support a company, does clicking their ads show support or does it charge them money? Same question for skipping them on youtube.

Social media manager here: It depends on what platform you see them. On google, it will charge them each time you click the ad. On FB they get charged just for letting you see it and extra for clicking on it but it depends on how the ad is set up. On YT I'm not sure but I believe it's the same as google since google own youtube.


Question: How come when you shine a laser the light doesn’t automatically try and spread apart?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come when you shine a laser the light doesn’t automatically try and spread apart?

Light comes in little packets called photons. These packets can't exactly spread out on their own. They travel in the direction they are emitted in until something like a lense or mirror makes them go a different direction. A laser is set up so that light bounces in a particular direction inside, and this stimulates atoms to send out more light in the same direction. Any little bits of light that are created not travelling along this line just don't end up in the beam. They usually hit the inside of the case holding the laser. So in a sense you have a machine gun firing light particles in a single direction with no reason to really spread out.


Question: Once a phone runs out of charge, how does it continue to display the "Out of Charge" screen?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Once a phone runs out of charge, how does it continue to display the "Out of Charge" screen?

Because the battery isn't completely out of charge. It's programmed in such a way to prevent use below a certain battery level. Most phones turn off at 2% but sometimes you'll even see the phone say 0% when you turn on the screen. However that's not entirely accurate. Very close to being empty yes, but not entirely. If it was it would be impossible for the phone to turn on.


Question: if mountain ranges occur from tectonic or volcanic activity on plate boundaries, how do mountain ranges like the Urals and the Alps exist far away from any tectonic boundary?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 if mountain ranges occur from tectonic or volcanic activity on plate boundaries, how do mountain ranges like the Urals and the Alps exist far away from any tectonic boundary?

Plates move away from faults as new plate material is created and drive to the surface. You can see this clearly in North America where there are several parallel rows of mountains. The Sierras in California are young and jagged. The Rockies are moderately jagged but are still huge. The Appalachians to the East are old and well worn down, since they were created much earlier.


Question: Why do days seem to drag out so slow while years seem to fly by fast?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do days seem to drag out so slow while years seem to fly by fast?

it is impossible for our brain to memorize everything, the more time passes the more you forget, and remembering 15 minutes of a year that happend 20 years ago gives the impression that they flew by. but you actually just forgot. the now and the recent past is still fresh, hopefully several hours, yesterday is a bit shorter.


Question: How does Vanadium Oxide conduct electricity but not heat? Are there any scientific, industrial or commercial applications for this metal?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Vanadium Oxide conduct electricity but not heat? Are there any scientific, industrial or commercial applications for this metal?

The heat is transferred by electron movements. In normal metals, the heat is transferred effectively because atoms randomly distributed eventually there are so many routes for electrons to hop one atom to another. However in vanadium, electrons strictly organized, just like a marching band, so there are a few routes to transfer those electrons. This makes it less conductive for heat. To conduct electricity you need to move an electron one side and measure how much that movement is transferred to other side in contrast to heat that needs to be distributed to whole material. Imagine a vanadium material as a big march band. When a material is heated, its atoms vibrate so when we heat the march, they should shake. The persons we heat first shakes but only transfers this movement to the persons in front of them and not to ones on their sides. So just a little portion of the march shook. This isn’t good for heat which needs vibration of atoms all over the material. However this conduction mechanism is good and efficient enough to conduct electricity which is not disturbed randomly and conducted directly. You can find out its possible applications with just a quick googling. There are much of them because its characteristics change over 67 degree Celsius and they can be combined with other materials to modify its properties.


Question: Why are chargebacks related to key resellers forced onto the developers of the game?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are chargebacks related to key resellers forced onto the developers of the game?

I think you have it a bit mixed up. What happens is that people use stolen credit cards to buy games from the actual devs. The devs then send them the key. Then a bit later, the card turns out to be fraudulent, and there is a charge back. This incurs a fee for the dev. Then the person that bought the key with the fraudulent card, resells the key on G2A. G2A even offers a handy protection for a fee, where if this was indeed the case, and the dev disables the key, G2A will refund the money. So now the dev has lost money cause of the chargeback, and someone that wanted their game (and is thus a potential customer) has acquired it without paying them a penny. Of course not all keys on G2A come from this source, another source of keys are pay what you want indie bundles, and review copies. (Publisher for example, sends 5 pc keys and 5 xbox keys of Battlefield to all popular review sites, even sites that only review xbox games, and they don't actually need 5 keys, to they can resell a few keys)


Question: How do movie studios actually get paid for their movies in theaters? Do movie theaters send them a check every month or something?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do movie studios actually get paid for their movies in theaters? Do movie theaters send them a check every month or something?

Movie theaters and studios have a revenue share deal. That is the studio gets a portion of the ticket sales, and the movie theater gets a portion ticket sales. It starts by favoring the studio. For example, week 1 it may be 90/10 (90% to the studio, 10% to the theater). Week 2, may be 80/20, and so on. The theaters get all the money from concessions though, where their margin is much bigger. > Do movie theaters send them a check every month or something? Not an individual theater, but the company that owns a theater (and most theaters are owned by giant companies with 100s+ of theaters) will add up all they owe each studio at the end of the month and send them a check or wire transfer. So for all the example here. Regal Theaters (who own 500 theaters) finance department at their HQ in Tennessee will add up all their ticket sales for the month, figure out how much share goes to the studios, and cut them a check.


Question: Why does a person in space age slower than a person on earth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
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- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a person in space age slower than a person on earth?

The passing of time is relative - as you said - precisely because it relates directly to the position in space-time of every observer. & #x200B; If the clocks were always synced that would mean time is absolute, which is contradicting your first statement. & #x200B; Also, you said the digital watch is not affected by gravity. But it is indeed, indirectly if you want. Gravity does modify space-time so it affects the watch (in other words gravity IS the curvature itself of spacetime). & #x200B; So were gravity is stronger spacetime is more curved, and thus time passes slower when observed from outside. The two observers, being in two different scenarios, are not symmetrical and cannot agree.


Question: What makes asbestos dust more dangerous than other types of dust?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
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 What makes asbestos dust more dangerous than other types of dust?

If I remember right, the asbestos particles are like tiny rods and imbed into the cells of the lung, causing scarring. This decreases the effectiveness of the lung, and if you inhale very much it affects large parts of your lungs so widespread scarring occurs. I may be wrong though, in some parts


Question: What is the point of Kirchhoff's First Law?

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 What is the point of Kirchhoff's First Law?

If your circuit splits up into different (parallel) paths, it tells you that the sum of the current in the paths will be the same as the current before they split up (and equally, the sum of the currents in paths that join together will give you the current in the section after they've joined together).


Question: Why is the Vatican considered its own country, while Mount Athos isn't?

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 Why is the Vatican considered its own country, while Mount Athos isn't?

In large part because Greece and they consider them to be a part of Greece just with a degree of autonomy. From the 8th century to 1870 The Papal state was a sovereign state like many others in Europe and it had control of a large part of what is today Italy. Look at a map of [Italy\_1796]( URL_0 ) So it had control of land, an army, and all other things that is part of a county. They were invaded and concurred during the unification of Italy in 1870. before that Italy was a lot of small states. The pope remains in control of the old fort known as Leonine City that is not the Vatican hills there is where the name comes from today. In practice, the pope remains in control of that area after 1870 even if Italy did not consider it independent. It would be a bad political move to completely remove any sovereignty of the church in a nation that was primarily religious Catholics. In 1929 you have the Lateran Treaty where Italy recognizes that the Papal state exists as an independent mention now called the Vatican City State that was a lot smaller than the old Papal state. The agreement was in large part because the dictator of Italy Benito Mussolini wanted to appease the church and the large part of the Italian population that was catholic and religious. The church never really accepted the unification of Italy before the agreement so as a political move to get the very influential church on your side it was a smart move. So the Vatican has been an independent country for a long time and was recrated. Italy and other nations consider it an independent nation. Mount Athos has not been a state with control of large areas of land historically. Neither they nor Greece considers them an independent county so they are not.


Question: How was Nazi Germany able to control most of continental Europe during WWII? Germany was only one country, and they only had so many soldiers, how do you maintain control over an area that large?

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 How was Nazi Germany able to control most of continental Europe during WWII? Germany was only one country, and they only had so many soldiers, how do you maintain control over an area that large?

First Germany was not alone. The Axis in Europe was Germany, Italy, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria,Slovak Republic, and the Independent State of Croatia. There was alose Finald that was a Co-belligerent. In many countries, they used the local police for control and Vichy France controlled a large part of France. That said there was lots of problems especially in the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia where they were partisans group that controlled large part of the country. You had uprising later to like in Warsava and France after the allied landings. So they did not manage to control all of it. The Axis had lost of people and manage to control, to a high degree, large part Europe the help of locals. There were more or less efficient resistance movements everywhere.


Question: Does water in spaceships short circuit anything?

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 Does water in spaceships short circuit anything?

Yes and no. The vast majority of exposed electronics on the ISS are carefully sealed and protected, just in case there's an inadvertent water spill. The stuff needed to maintain normal function is safe, and so is the really expensive equipment used for experiments. However, there's still tons of traditional electronic equipment up there that could be damaged. Laptops, normal household devices, etc.


Question: How do products get their final price?

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 How do products get their final price?

There are a lot of comments in here about the cost of the inputs to the product. This is wrong. Outside very specialized and explicit contracts, called "cost plus" and almost exclusively used in government/military contracts, the price has nothing to do with the cost. Products get their final price by the seller guessing what they can charge that will maximize profit (like /u/ViolettPapillon describes). This is entirely based on the buyers' willingness to pay, NOT what the product cost to produce. The only role cost plays is that if your suspected price is lower than your cost, you don't enter the market at all (because you think you'll lose money). As long as you reasonably believe you can charge more than it costs, you will price it as high as you think the buyer will pay. This is called "value pricing" and is FAR more common than cost-plus.


Question: What is the difference between a Blue Screen of Death on Windows and a Kernel Panic on Mac/Linux?

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 What is the difference between a Blue Screen of Death on Windows and a Kernel Panic on Mac/Linux?

The kernel have the job of managing other tasks on the computer. If they fail, the kernel will kill them and maybe restart them. No biggie. But the kernel can't restart it self, so it just gives up. Most kernel error are (or used to be) crappy hardware drivers, that need permission to run on the kernel layer, because it's the only place you access to everything on the computer. But to answer you question: it's the same thing, by different names and can happen on all computers


Question: If you were falling in an elevator why would it be better to lay flat on the ground than to, let's say, jump? Wouldn't laying down make you absorb more of the blow?

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 If you were falling in an elevator why would it be better to lay flat on the ground than to, let's say, jump? Wouldn't laying down make you absorb more of the blow?

Your jump is tiny compared to the force of the impact. By lying down you *spread* the impact across many parts of your body. Standing up, you are certain to smash your ankles which will carry the whole load of everything above -- and maybe your legs and knees too, etc.


Question: How did the first clocks accurately measure seconds?

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 How did the first clocks accurately measure seconds?

Well, the short answer is they weren't super accurate at all. Even modern clocks are often a little off from one another, and there's not too much you can do about that with analog, safe technology. However, "clockwork" mechanisms such as springs and pendulums are able to output stored energy at a remarkably consistent rate, so the deviations in movement between clocks built to the same standard could be kept low enough that you only needed to adjust it every day or so. As for how to measure seconds without a clock, seconds are based on the decay rate of cesium-133, so by measuring that decay in a sample you can get an extremely precise measure of seconds. Obviously that's very expensive and potentially dangerous though, so you're better off just using "one thousands" or "mississippis" like everyone else.


Question: Why some computer games need to be restarted to apply new video settings while some don't?

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 Why some computer games need to be restarted to apply new video settings while some don't?

This comes down to how the application was written and specifically, resource management. When a game is up and running, it got there by loading a bunch of pictures (the textures) and shaders (simply, graphical effects) and 3D models off your hard drive (or SSD) and mashing them together. The current settings you use determine which shaders, models and textures are loaded and how they can be processed before they are actually used to display something. Different settings may use different files. In any graphics API (Open GL, DirectX, Vulkan, etc.), when you want to load a shader or texture or model, it's given a unique ID. If you unload a shader to change it to another, it now has a new ID that has to be applied to everything that used it so the graphics API knows what items you need to draw something. There may also be different settings (less or more) that are applied to the new shader and the game has to do a little processing before it can start drawing again. The game engine may be written really flexibly (Doom Eternal) and is able to unload the current files, reload the files it needs for the new settings, re-apply the new IDs and keep going. Maybe they wanted to save time during development (I'm looking at you, Assassin's Creed: Odyssey) and it requires a restart. Why would someone do this? For a larger company like id Software and Ubisoft, it can come down to decisions made solely for the company or what kind of experience they want the players to have. Maybe their workflow mandates that the game designers can see changes in-game immediately because maybe the graphics programmers are always busy. So early on the programmers made it so that the artists can just update a shader file, push some hidden command in-game and reload stuff. Maybe they have some external tools they think are good enough and want to use them to save time on the graphics programmers and don't want/need to see it in-game for some reason, so the game engine was never given that flexibility. Source: wrote a small game engine and wrote support to reload the shaders while the game is running. I don't actually have to "apply" the new shader IDs because each object doesn't point *directly* to a shader. There's a layer in between. This was the flexibility I made to support dynamic shader reloads. It requires a full restart to change textures but can also dynamically reload changes to the UI.


Question: How does diesel exhaust fluid work? Why does it work? How does adding more nitrogen, reduce nitrate emissions?

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 How does diesel exhaust fluid work? Why does it work? How does adding more nitrogen, reduce nitrate emissions?

In a tier 4 diesel exhaust there are two different stages. A DOC (diesel oxidation catalyst) which is a kind of scrubber or filter and breaks down hydrocarbons, then the gas is mixed with urea (DEF) in the mixing pipe, then is directed to the selective catalytic reduction chamber where the urea bonds with chemicals in the gas to essentially produce inert and non-toxic gases. Kind of down and dirty explanation, I write the operator and repair manuals for heavy equipment, so I’ve written a lot of theory of op for exhaust. I found this video and this guy explains it pretty well, the bit you are looking for starts right around 8 minutes into the video. URL_0


Question: Why isn't telemarketing illegal? Or if it is, why is it still so frequent?

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 Why isn't telemarketing illegal? Or if it is, why is it still so frequent?

It sort of is illegal. If you put your number on the national do not call registry (US, though I'm sure other countries have something similar), then telemarketers are not allowed to call your number, with an exception that I'll get into later. It takes about a month for your number to be fully registered, but after that period you are allowed to lodge a complaint. If you are contacted by a telemarketer and your phone number is on the national do not call registry, you can call the registry and lodge a complaint. The registry will then follow up with the marketer with legal action. If you continue to get calls from the same telemarketer you can threaten legal action against them and that is usually enough to get them off your back. The exception to this is marketers from services that you currently subscribe to. So, for instance, if you are a Time Warner Cable customer, they can call you regardless of your do not call status and try to sell you on more deals, however you can request that they stop calling you, but this holds no legal precedence as you have signed a contract with them that likely allows them to call you at any time. Often times political surveys are not subject to the do not call list, so it's not uncommon to receive calls about who you will be voting for as well as demographic information during an election cycle. This is a major way political polling is performed. If you are not already on the do not call registry, google the number and call it to get registered. If you are and are still receiving unwanted calls, call the number anyway and make sure your status is current. If you don't live in the US, again google is your friend. Google your country's rules about this. I'm sure most developed nations have a similar system.