Question: What happens inside your body after you finish working out?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens inside your body after you finish working out?

Essentially a very complex series of processes. Firstly, you will get an adrenaline/endorphin rush as a reward for (potentially) outrunning that sabre toothed tiger. Next, you need to understand that your body is a finely tuned machine. If you exercise lots, you will become fit and if you sit around all day eating Pringles and driving everywhere, your muscles will waste away because there is essentially no need for them. To achieve this your muscles are stimulated by damage during exercise. A bunch of hormones - key among which are testosterone, human growth hormone and insulin - then kick in to strengthen whatever muscles you were using *in the way you were using them*. This is why weightlifters have a different physique to endurance athletes. These hormones push the digestion system to focus more on protein, and inhibit existing proteins from being broken down. They activate stem cells involved in muscle development and stimulate additional anabolic hormones which kickstart more muscle growth. If you exercise over a longer period you will increase the amount of human growth hormone and testosterone, and also increase the sensitivity of your muscles to testosterone. tl;dr These are fairly primitive systems designed to equip you to outrun any predators, whilst conserving energy if you never need to run anywhere. They respond at least initially, to muscle damage, which is why workouts are initially painful.


Question: How does the Netflix business model allow them to spend hundreds of millions of dollar on producing original movies and translate that to profit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the Netflix business model allow them to spend hundreds of millions of dollar on producing original movies and translate that to profit?

Taking a quick look at their subscriber numbers: They almost have 200 million subscribers, if we use $10/month/sub as a nice round number we have $2000 million a month. So $200 million is barely 10% of a month's revenue. While a movie like that won't produce a big load of new subscribers it helps keeping old ones. If netflix doesn't provide originals then there would be no point to keep a subscription as most of the movies on there are also provided by other services. So these originals keep the subscriptions going and maybe new ones coming. Edit: also as others have pointed out. Previously this wasn't possible and resulted in enormous debt. This money, and probably future debt as well, is used to produce content to increase subscriber numbers to such a point where it's self sustaining. As it seems the numbers look better for Netflix now and debt may go down in the future (or not). Edit2: typos


Question: why do some bugs splat yellow, and others splat white when they hit my windshield?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do some bugs splat yellow, and others splat white when they hit my windshield?

So bugs are very small. They don't have a skeleton, so instead they have a rigid exterior, or an exoskeleton. This exoskeleton is hard and strong enough to deal with the attacks of other bugs. Inside them, everything is packed together densly. Hairs, nerves etc are all squished together inside. So when this exoskeleton ruptures, the brains, nerves, eggs, guts, every organ that the insect or bug has will splatter all over. Depending on what is inside the color will be different, it is mainly yellow because their innards are yellow colored


Question: How do companies know not to use the same barcode on different products from other companies?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do companies know not to use the same barcode on different products from other companies?

There is an organisation in place called the GS1. It is a non-profit based in Belgium which, among other things, coordinates the use of bar-codes on whole industries and cross-industries scale. The most common standard in place is the International Article Number (or sometimes European Article Number). It has a number of fixed format that all go like this: -n digits for country code -n digits for a unique manufacturer code -n digits for a unique product code -n digits for checking purposes when scanning the code So every business goes through the GS1 to get a manufacturer code that is unique and not in use by another company. Then the manufacturer can decide on any product code itself (within the specifications of the standard). Edit:format Edit 2: Since this seems to get a bit of interest. I'll add a few things that have been mentioned in other comments and also address the last part of the original question. EAN is the most used standard in the world, but other exists as well, some codes are also made to no particular standards. I used this as an example fitting to give OP an answer. Registering with the GS1 does cost money. A bar code is just, well, a code, what is printed underneath a barcode is the entirety of the information. 12-13 digits long numbers are used in the most popular standards. Since the last digit is usually used as a check digit, it only leaves 11 or 12 digits to convey information. That is far too small a volume of information to carry things like brand,model etc. In the example of a cashier's terminal at a department store, the Point Of Sale software receives a code from the scanner and looks it up in its database where all the relevant info is stored under the bar code number.


Question: If we see the stars as they were in the past, shouldn't we be able to "see" the Big Bang ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If we see the stars as they were in the past, shouldn't we be able to "see" the Big Bang ?

We are able to see the Big Bang, or at least the first light released after it when the universe became transparent - immediately after the Big Bang matter and light first didn't exist as they do today, and then all the matter was ionized for a few hundred thousand years, absorbing all light from before then. Unfortunately, since it's been billions of years and the universe has been expanding for all of that time, the light that's reaching us now has been redshifted or "stretched out" to wavelengths that the human eye can't see - in fact, it's all the way down in the microwave band, same as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and of course microwave ovens (not exactly the same frequency, but closer to that than visible light). We do still have images of this Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation coloured in so that we can see it, for example [this]( URL_0 ).


Question: Back in the late 90s and early 2000s laser pointers were very popular and you could put different tips in them to get different designs, how did those tips work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Back in the late 90s and early 2000s laser pointers were very popular and you could put different tips in them to get different designs, how did those tips work?

The lens have a structure called "diffraction grating". If you watch ocean waves passing around a series of rocks, you'll notice that part of the wave is reflected and overlaps with the original wave, making a complex pattern. That pattern depends on how the rocks are arranged. Since the laser light behaves like a wave, the same strategy can be used to make the wanted pattern. The lens have a series of cuts that behave like the rocks in the example and are arranged in a way that creates the desired image.


Question: If location determines the IP address, can users that are connected to the same network have the same IP address?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If location determines the IP address, can users that are connected to the same network have the same IP address?

Can users share the same up address? Yes and no. Each device needs its own local IP address. However there are local IP addresses on the inside of the network, and external (public) IP addresses which is what the outside world sees. So users while having their own local IP address, can share the same external public IP address. This is because usually the device facing the outside world (router or firewall) will have one or few IP address showing to the outside world.


Question: Why are prime numbers important?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are prime numbers important?

One important use is for encryption. To grossly oversimplify: if we have two prime numbers and multiply them together, then those two primes are the only factors. Eg 7*13 = 91. It's really easy to encrypt using this trick because it's just multiplication but doing it in reverse (Finding the factors of 91) is so much harder and takes so long that it's basically impossible. Imagine doing this for numbers that have 100 digits.


Question: If Most People's Come in Incorrectly or End up Causing Pain, Why do we Have Wisdom Teeth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If Most People's Come in Incorrectly or End up Causing Pain, Why do we Have Wisdom Teeth?

They’re left over from when we used to have smaller brains and bigger jaws. You can look at our modern great ape cousins for this. As our heads started to change shape to accommodate changing larger brains, our jaws started to shift around and shrink a bit. This shrinking did not involve a change to the genes that control the number of teeth we have, so that dna is still making teeth for the different jaw shape we used to have (for most people, some are actually born without wisdom teeth, while others (like myself luckily) never have any issues wi th them)


Question: Google became Alphabet Inc. ; does that mean that Alphabet Inc. is now GOOG major shareholder?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Google became Alphabet Inc. ; does that mean that Alphabet Inc. is now GOOG major shareholder?

Alphabet Inc is the only shareholder of Google. Those who had shares in Google got their shares transferred to Alphabet Inc. Even the stock tickers GOOG and GOOGL got transferred to Alphabet Inc. The reason to change the company structure and name is not quite clear. It is quite common in financial markets to be as diverse as possible. Having a separate holding company does allow you to be more diverse. There are a lot of cases when using one common brand for all your companies and products might not be the best way to do things. For example being diverse does mean that you invest in competing technologies and it might confuse people when two companies with the same brand are competing against each other. For example Alphabet Inc have companies delivering fiber internet and also researching satellite internet. It might be a bit odd to have Google Fiber compete against Google Satellite for customers. However dropping the Google brand makes sense in these cases and allows them to engage in healthy competition which benefits the holding company. You mention Berkshire Hathaway which is doing exactly this. They diversify their investments, use multiple recognized brands and creates an environment of healthy competition which benefits them the most.


Question: what's the difference between audit, management control and inspection?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 what's the difference between audit, management control and inspection?

They have different purposes but all seek to measure the quality and completeness of some task. Management Control is a tool for the executives and managers to measure how effectively the employees are working towards whatever goals they have been given. Done almost exclusively by internal stakeholders. Inspection is a tool to figure out of a task was done to the requested quality. Done by both internal and external stakeholders. Audit is a tool to double check the work that was completed to assure that it was done as expected and following all given rules. Audit is almost exclusively done by external stakeholders to assure no corners were cut and no fraud occured.


Question: - Lottery: random or favourite numbers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Lottery: random or favourite numbers?

Every lottery draw is an independent event that does not depend on what was drawn the last time or even what you drew. So the chance of winning is the same no matter what numbers you pick. There is however a slight difference in payout because you might have to share the winnings with others that won the same amount. So you want to avoid numbers that others might pick. This is of course hard as a lot of others are also trying the same. It is not math but psychology. One reason to change your numbers every week is to avoid patterns of people picking numbers based on the current date or as is very common the last weeks numbers.


Question: how does the bios know if theres an os in a drive ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does the bios know if theres an os in a drive ?

It knows to look at the [boot sector]( URL_0 ) at the start of the drive to find the code that starts loading the OS. If there's nothing in the boot sector, it assumes there's no OS on the drive. If you have a boot sector but no OS, the BIOS doesn't care, it's done its job.


Question: What does declaring a state of emergency in the U.S. do and what does it allow the president to do?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does declaring a state of emergency in the U.S. do and what does it allow the president to do?

Declaring a state of emergency allows the executive branch to rapidly perform a few actions that would otherwise not be available to it, under the idea that the government needs to act quickly to remedy a disaster or other emergency. For example, the executive branch may spend money to have a contractor repair a bridge, bypassing the competitive bidding process that would normally be required, and/or bypassing legislative approval for that spending.


Question: Why do mountains in the distance look blue?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do mountains in the distance look blue?

Air, particularly the moisture in the air, absorbs red light. So, mostly white light (all colors mixed) beams down from space and strikes the mountain. Some of that light reflects in your direction. If you are near, you see the mountain in full color, because the air absorbs very little light over any small distance. Multiply the distance many times and the effect becomes more apparent. Over the miles, the red light is slowly stripped from the stream of light (it becomes heat in the air) reflected by the mountain, leaving what you see apparently blue shifted.


Question: Where do the eyelashes that get into your eye go?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where do the eyelashes that get into your eye go?

They either remain under the eyelid, in which case you know, cause it continues to cause irritation and your eyes to produce extra tears. Or the friction of your eyeball and eyelid rubbing causes the lash to move out from under the lid to the corners of your eyes where they can be wiped away, or bound with dry tears into that crusty stuff you wipe away when you wake up. They definitely don't do this: URL_0


Question: How are obscenely large digits of pi calculated and how do we know that they are accurate?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are obscenely large digits of pi calculated and how do we know that they are accurate?

[Mathematicians eventually discovered that there are in fact exact formulas for calculating Pi (π). The only catch is that each formula requires you to do something an infinite number of times. (Which makes sense given that the digits of Pi (π) go on forever.) One of the amazing things which interests people about Pi (π) is that there isn’t just one formula, but a large number of different ones for people to study.]( URL_0 ) There are several ways to calculate Pi. When it is done several times in several different ways you assume it is true. Actually you know it is true if your formula is correct which you know is to be. We use computers to do the work. Set two or more computers to work using several different formulas. Compare the answers. When they are they same we know the computers are all working well.


Question: How do planes know when there's an air turbulence in front to turn on the seatbelt signs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do planes know when there's an air turbulence in front to turn on the seatbelt signs?

There are multiple ways that pilots can know turbulence is coming. Some kinds of turbulence can be seen on the radar on the plane. Sometimes pilots can see conditions that are likely to cause turbulence (like layers in the clouds). Additionally, pilots will report turbulent conditions on the radio, so at times air traffic control may provide pilots notice of upcoming turbulence.


Question: Why is it considered disrespectful to do anything other than stand during the US anthem? Where did this belief originate?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it considered disrespectful to do anything other than stand during the US anthem? Where did this belief originate?

It's not restricted to the US anthem - it's really for any national anthem (especially if it's your nation, but it's still a nice thing to do for other anthems). Because the anthem is a symbol of the nation as a whole. If you respect the anthem, you respect the nation. Historically it goes back to absolute monarchy, where the person of the King (Sultan, Tzar, Emperor, etc.) was equivalent to the nation as a whole. And since the King is the most important person in the room, everybody stands while the King sits. You can see the same ritual of respect in courtrooms today, where everyone stands up when the Judge comes in, and sits down only after the Judge sits. Fun fact: the name "Cathedral", meaning the most important church in a particular area, comes from a particular chair inside that church, where the bishop would sit during services - and everyone else had to stand.


Question: Why do horses need horseshoes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do horses need horseshoes?

Depending on what type of surface/work your horse will be doing, they don't always need to wear shoes. Also some horses have healthier stronger hooves genetically than others. It just depends on different factors. Currently my horse doesn't wear shoes but she also doesn't do super strenuous work and is usually in a soft surface area. I do have protective boots (think rubber shoes) that I put on whenever I take her riding or somewhere that could be hard on her feet. She used to wear shoes but has been without for a while because she does fine without them and her hooves are healthy. That said- some horses absolutely need shoes no matter what depending on circumstances or medical issues with their feet and I am in no way advocating a horse always going barefoot. Also, I do have a trimmer come out regularly about every 4-6 weeks to trim, file, and evaluate the health of her feet. As mentioned, domestic horses feet do need to be trimmed often. It's very very important to take care of their feet proactively and address any issues as they come.


Question: How did people calculate the speed of light and when?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did people calculate the speed of light and when?

The first estimates of the speed of light involved astronomy. In the 17th Century, Danish astronomer Olaus Roemer showed the timing of eclipses of Jupiter's moon would change based on whether Jupiter was closer or further from the earth. He estimated light was take 22 minutes to travel the diameter of the earth's orbit. That was an error of 22%, but it put it in the ballpark. In the 19th Century, more direct means of measure were devised. A bright, narrow beam of light was shone through the teeth of a rapidly spinning cog, at a mirror a long way away. In the time it takes for the light to travel to the mirror and back, the cog will have turned enough to block the returning light. If the cog is sped up to just the right point, it will be spinning faster enough that the light passes through the *next* gap in the teeth. If we know how fast the cog is spinning and the size of the gap, we can directly compute the speed of light. This was first done by Hippolyte Fizeau, and was accurate to about 5%.


Question: what, specifically, is being transmitted/received by my cell phone when using it and where does that data physically go to get to its destination?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 what, specifically, is being transmitted/received by my cell phone when using it and where does that data physically go to get to its destination?

Basically, the mobile phone network is very similar to the internet; your phone is like a computer, cell towers are like routers and there’s a host of technology on these devices which manages sending and receiving of messages. When you want to send a text you type it out on your phone. In the background that text is made into a data package which contains the text as a series of electrical signals. When sending the message your phone literally sends electrical signals (in the form of radio waves) to the nearest cell tower. Your phone knows which cell tower is closest because the phone is constantly sending out a signal which basically says ‘I’m here’ and the first tower which picks it up responds with ‘cool, I’m here’. That single cell tower is connected to other cell towers within its range (imagine a circle around each cell tower maybe 1 - 2km in radius, where the circles around different towers overlap these cells are connected and can send radio signals between each other), and those towers connect to still others to create a single network where signals bounce between different towers, so you can send a signal from Paris and this hops from cell tower to cell tower until it reaches its destination in Berlin. You might also find that the message spends some of its journey going through the internet instead of the cell network, because the system which provides the internet can also transmit and receive the same signals as your phone uses. That’s the bones of how cellular technology works - the two key technologies are signal modulation (creating a radio signal which your phone can encrypt as data and transmit, and your friends phone can receive and decrypt as text again) and networking (the cell towers in range with each other speak the same language and can send signals back and forth). In reality mobile tech is much more complex, you have to deal with how to make sure the network can manage lots of messages and avoid them getting jumbled up, how to find out the location of specific device within that network, how to manage longer data transmissions so that you can watch a video on your phone etc. The idea of different generations of cell technology (WAP - 3G - 4G - 5G etc) is that over time we’ve developed better ways to send and receive data through the network.


Question: Why back in early 2000 Motherboards were green, and now they are mostly black. Why the color change and why aren't we seeing any pink motherboards?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why back in early 2000 Motherboards were green, and now they are mostly black. Why the color change and why aren't we seeing any pink motherboards?

Back in those days we didn't have fancy windowed PC cases. Once those modded cases and windows popped up the manufacturers started to built visually appealing components. E.g. fancy RAM heatsinks, nice motherboards, PSUs and so on. Wouldn't there be such cases as today, I believe we would have stayed with boring, cheap green motherboards and RAM modules, etc.


Question: How do “flat tummy teas” bypass the FDA to basically sell poison and market it as healthy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do “flat tummy teas” bypass the FDA to basically sell poison and market it as healthy?

According to current U.S. law, products labeled as dietary supplements do not have to undergo any testing to prove that they're safe, or even prove that the product contains what it says it does, so as long as the product maker categorizes and labels it as a dietary supplement, they can pretty much put whatever they want in the product. As long as they don't advertise it as a cure for any disease, they're free to do whatever, really. Once the products is on the market, THEN the FDA can monitor that product and record any reports from consumers about bad effects, like illness or even death. So if it turns out that the product has some sort of dangerous ingredients in it, then the FDA and other agencies can act, but they pretty much have to wait until someone gets hurt before they can do anything. As for why the law doesn't let the FDA regulate these products, it goes back to the Dietary Supplements Health and Education Act of 1994, which was backed by Senator Orrin Hatch (as well as very large donations from the dietary supplement industry). This was around the time when supplements were becoming a really huge industry, and the FDA wanted to have more regulatory power over them. Of course the supplement industry didn't want that, so they started one of the most intense lobbying campaigns in history, in which TV commercials warned citizens that the big, bad, evil government was trying to take everyone's vitamins away because........unspecified evil reasons I guess. One classic historical example of how bad things can get when there's no regulation is Ephedra. Ephedra was pulled from shelves after it was found to be a potent stimulant that killed multiple people. In 2002, cases of Ephedra poisoning reached [10,326]( URL_0 ), with some 108 requiring critical-care hospitalization. The annual death toll peaked at seven people in 2004. The removal process took eight years, from initial reports in 1997, to removal from stores in 2004. I actually tried an ephedra supplement once, back in the late 80s, because I was a chonker and it was advertised as a fantastic way to lose weight. Took one capsule and about an hour later I seriously thought I was having a heart attack, it was awful. So anyway, the short answer to your question is: Because the companies that make dietary supplements make billions of dollars a year, and if they were regulated they wouldn't be making as much money, and so they made sure that regulation would never happen.


Question: How do the odds on betting sites get calculated and re calculated during a game 24 Hours round the clock and how is it done to begin with?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do the odds on betting sites get calculated and re calculated during a game 24 Hours round the clock and how is it done to begin with?

When someone bets on sports, the bookie in the old days would set odds, as usually one team is better than the other, so the bookie needs to keep things balanced. The bookie takes a commission on every bet, so he doesn't care which side wins. He does however need to make sure there is equal money on both sides of the wager, otherwise he'll have to make up the difference if there isn't enough money to pay out the winners. So he uses odds to balance that. He'll set odds and if he still sees too much money going onto one team, he'll change those odds. People will bet the underdog if the odds are right, because sometimes the underdog will win, and that will result in a huge payoff for them. 10:1, 20:1, 30:1 odds can be found sometimes. If you bet $100 and could win $3000 then that's an enticing risk for some people. For team sports it's usually a point spread, then Team A is much better than Team B, so team A will have -24 points and Team B will be +24 points. So whatever the final score is, you use that point spread as an adjustment and that will tell you who won the bets. Team A scores 50 and Team B scores 30, but Team B gets a 24 point bonus due to the point spread, so for the purposes of the bet, the final score was Team A 50 and Team B 54, so the people who bet on team B would win and team A betters would lose. If this wasn't in place 100% of the bets would go on team A and that isn't good for the bookie. As for how it's managed, I'm sure there are automatic programs that balance things on the website, as it's easy to track who is betting on which team and then make incremental changes in the betting line until things balance out. Back in the day with real live bookies, they would keep paper records which would enable them to track how many bets were going on each team. Most bookmakers were one man operations, so it was easy for them to maintain an overview since they were dealing with each bet personally.


Question: What causes the occasionally visible electricity when you plug things in?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes the occasionally visible electricity when you plug things in?

If the thing you're plugging in draws a lot of current, then there will be a brief spark where there's enough connection to transfer electricity but there's not enough metal-metal contact to make it a efficient, low resistance connection. The metal right at the connection point gets hot and you get a little bit of a spark. This is common in things like laptop power supplies that have big filter capacitors in them that draw a lot of current when first plugged in. You'd see the same if you plugged in a big resistive heater while it the power switch was on. That's why i'ts recommended to make sure things like that are off before you plug them in to help eliminate sparking and arcing and power surges.


Question: Why does a high speed fan appear as if it is rotating in some distinct frames to human eye?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a high speed fan appear as if it is rotating in some distinct frames to human eye?

This is because almost all lights we use have some flicker. The lights are powered by 50 or 60 Hz mains, and so will often flash (or at least change brightness and olor) with each half-wave, so at 100 or 120 Hz. High quality LED or compact fluorescent use switch mode power supplies, which filter out the mains flicker, but they run at some thousands of hertz, and so flicker at that rate.


Question: Why are people in some countries generally richer than people in other countries? What can be done to reduce poverty in the world?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are people in some countries generally richer than people in other countries? What can be done to reduce poverty in the world?

From the perspective of some economists the best way to reduce poverty would be to increase trade. By allowing people who are in poverty to compete against everyone else for a job they can be pulled out of poverty. There are drawbacks to this approach as it is tends to transfer significant hardship to other groups, but usually less than is gained across the globe. This is hard to appreciate when you lose your livelihood and your life is falling apart while everyone blames you. Another perspective would be the Peter Singer model. We should all give a percentage of our income to charity until it hurts. Many suggest this is not a good solution based it would reduce the incentives of both those who are giving and receiving charity to work. Some combination of expanding capitalism and directed aid is probably best.


Question: is it theoretically possible for the sun to be invisible (to us) during the day?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 is it theoretically possible for the sun to be invisible (to us) during the day?

Yes, although you have to be fairly far north or south and have the geography right. There's a town in Norway that's surrounded by mountains and gets no direct sunlight for part of the year. There's sunlight on the mountains above them, but the sun itself is blocked from the town by the mountains. They ended up sticking a mirror on the side of a mountain to get some light down in the town. Here's an article about the town: URL_0


Question: Why is it so hard to inhale when strong wind is in your face? (AKA sticking your head out of a car window)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it so hard to inhale when strong wind is in your face? (AKA sticking your head out of a car window)

You have a [reflex]( URL_0 ) to not inhale if something that feels like water hits your nose / face. At high speed, air puts pressure in your nose and on your face kinda like water would, and "colder" is also interpreted as "water". This is a basic reflex that's very difficult to "override."


Question: How come countries with socialized medicine have to wait so long for certain operations?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come countries with socialized medicine have to wait so long for certain operations?

> socialized medicine First off, that's just a scare term American conservatives invented in the 1950s to turn people off to universal healthcare. When was the last time you heard somebody complain about "socialized fire departments?" > have to wait so long for certain operations? That's an example of what we call lying by telling the absolute truth. What the people who use this one fail to note is that wait times for specialists in the US can be every bit as long, or longer. If your HMO decides you don't NEED a visit to a specialist, you don't get one. It should also be obvious on a little reflection that how long you have to wait for a doctor has little or nothing to do with how the service gets paid for eventually, and just about everything to do with the supply and demand of doctors. Try getting sick in an area that has one doctor for 10,000 people, see how long the wait time is. And finally, it should be *obvious* that if you can't afford a doctor and there is no universal healthcare, the wait time is...infinite.


Question: What is a clause and independent clause in English?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a clause and independent clause in English?

A clause in general is just part of a sentence or a sentence. A dependent clause is a part of a sentence that cannot be a sentence by itself. An independent clause is a part of a sentence that can stand alone on its own. This is mostly used to decide whether to use a comma, a semicolon, a word like "and" "or" "but " or any other connector type word. Example: [The man went to the store], {and picked up some eggs. } The part in brackets is the independent clause. The part in curly braces is the dependent clause.


Question: What's the difference between a novel and a book?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between a novel and a book?

A novel is a subset. Novels are a type of book. All novels are books, but not all books are novels. A novel is a work of fiction, and is usually written in a prose (rather than poetic) form. It is interesting to know that people aren't sure of the difference because it bugs the bananas out of me when I assign nonfiction autobiographies to my students and they refer to them as "novels". But maybe they really don't know. (but you know, first world problems.)


Question: What actually happens to our skin when we apply lotion? How deep does the lotion go?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What actually happens to our skin when we apply lotion? How deep does the lotion go?

Your skin is made up of two layers. The epidermis and the dermis. The epidermis is the outer layer. Which is what we're dealing with when it comes to lotion and applying product. Your epidermis is covered in pores. The lotion sinks into your pores and is distributed throughout the epidermis making your skin feel more soft and supple. The top layer contains a lot of keratin which is a thick and hard substance. It prevents it from going much deeper- but a very minimal amount will likely sink down into the dermis and enter the bloodstream. Though it's not enough to harm us. Also located in these pores are the sebaceous glands. They produce sebum, or oil. They are more commonly known as your oil glands. People with very active oil glands have oily skin. As you age- your oil glands become less active, which causes the skin to become dryer with age. A good lotion mimics the properties of sebum. A lot of lotions have fillers and alcohol in them, which causes it to sit on top of the skin or evaporate-and only feel like it's absorbed. Fun fact: the reason eye creams are so much more expensive than regular lotions are because we don't have pores under our eyes. That means the molecules have to be so small they absorb right through the skin without the help of pores. They use nanotechnology to alter the molecular structure of the proteins and fatty acids so they will be small enough to penetrate through. That's an expensive and extensive process so they have to charge more. If you aren't satisfied yet- I'll keep going: The top layer of your epidermis is composed of fatty and waxy substances, some of which are called "lipids". If something is lipid-soluble, it will be able to permeate the top layer of your skin. That's why the active ingredients in lotions are oils and fats. They contain lipid-soluble components. Which is why things like lotions and oils will absorb into your skin more than other substances. Source: I am an esthetician.


Question: what are medicaly induced comas, why and when are they used and how does patients wake up after that?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 what are medicaly induced comas, why and when are they used and how does patients wake up after that?

The person is given drugs that heavily sedate him or her and paralyzes all muscle activity (even breathing). The patient is put on a mechanical ventilator and is given nutrition via IV or feeding tube. This is done for patients who need to recover from brain injuries that often cause a patient to be disoriented, upset or even combative. It can also be used for patients who would otherwise be in great pain or discomfort during the recovery process. The patient is very slowly weaned off the medications and the mechanical ventilator until the doctors are confident that the person is able to breathe on there own


Question: How is the price of gold determined when in a gold standard?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is the price of gold determined when in a gold standard?

There **isn't** more paper in circulation than gold. That's the whole point. Every scrap of gold is accounted for, and there's only so much of it. The money supply is then strictly controlled by how much gold there is, and the only reason people would carry paper is because gold is heavy. Back in the old days each bank would print its own notes. A bank needed to be able to hand out the gold if necessary.


Question: why do snow storms not produce lighting like traditional thunderstorms?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do snow storms not produce lighting like traditional thunderstorms?

It can thunder and lighting during a snow storm. It's called Thundersnow. The Science Also known as thunder snowstorms or winter thunderstorms, a thundersnow only happens when a rare set of conditions occur. In fact, people only witness about 6.3 thundersnow events each year. Typically between late winter and early spring when the air beneath the clouds is warmer near the ground than the air in the upper cloud layers. The cumulonimbus cloud (towering mass with a flat base at fairly low altitude and often a flat top, as in thunderstorms) must be lower than a typical thunderstorm, and the warmer air temperature must still be cold enough to form snow. Thunder snowstorms usually create snowflakes, soft snow pellets, hail and strong “gravity wave” currents of air similar to ocean waves. The lightning produced appears in purplish-blue flashes.


Question: How does an EMP work, and why does it disable only certain kinds of electronics but not others?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does an EMP work, and why does it disable only certain kinds of electronics but not others?

Electromagnetic Pulses are bursts of energy radiating out from a high-energy event, like a lightning strike or nuclear detonation, or even just switching on a strong enough power source. Just throws Electromagnetic energy out everywhere, messing with magnetic fields and electrical circuits. EMPs don't temporarily disable things, they break them. Wires and circuits are made to handle a certain amount of energy. If the pulse is strong enough, it simply overloads the conductor and burns it to a crisp. Your tech stays down until you can replace the wires/solder contacts/whatever. Equipment can be shielded from an EMP by surrounding it with conductive material that directs the energy away from the vulnerable equipment.


Question: What exactly are shadow men in sleep paralysis?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly are shadow men in sleep paralysis?

Have you heard of apophenia? It's the tendency for humans to see patterns where there are none. [ URL_1 ]( URL_1 ) Face pareidolia is a related phenomenon, the tendency to see faces in things that aren't faces, such as clouds, or wood swirls. [ URL_2 ]( URL_2 ) There is also something called, hypnagogia, or waking dreams. They are dreams that are perceived while half awake, but not fully awake. [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 ) There are a few factors to consider. * Sleep paralysis is an alarming, stressful, experience, priming our brain's fear response. * The not fully awake brain generates imagery, but just like during regular dreams, these are not random flashes of light, but things you are conceptually familiar with. * Because people usually sleep in the dark, the room tends to be full of shadows. * Given the brain's tendency to recognize shapes as things, and recognize things as faces, the mind interprets the shadows as faces. If you think about, the most familiar, real, threat in most people's lives are other people, and we dream about people all the time. * In that fearful, semi-conscious state, the mind generates threatening people. Another factor is that the visual cortex does a lot of object recognition work before it reaches the level of consciousness. This makes it possible to, say, instantly pick out a person in a field, rather than needing to manually identify each line and color you're seeing and logically deducing if its shape likely represents a person. So, the brain has stored sort of archetypes of objects, generalized shapes of things like people. What does a silhouette of a person look like in the dark? A shadow person. So if your half awake, semi-dreaming brain is going to generate a silhouette of a generic threating person in the dark, it's going to look like a shadow person.


Question: the Christian relationship to the Old Testament. If the New Testament came along and changed much of the OT's doctrines, why is the OT still considered just as valid? Why isn't Christianity just based on the NT?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 the Christian relationship to the Old Testament. If the New Testament came along and changed much of the OT's doctrines, why is the OT still considered just as valid? Why isn't Christianity just based on the NT?

This is actually a pretty big question in some Christian communities. There is a question as to whether or not the Old Covenant is still "legally" binding to Christians. There are generally three trains of thought; 1) Christ's New Covenant was sealed and put into effect at the Sermon on the Mount, nullifying the Old Covenant. 2) Christ did *not* nullify the Old Covenant at the Sermon on the Mount, and the New Covenant only came into effect either at the Last Supper, the Crucifixion, and/or after he rose from the dead after the three days, at which point the Old Covenant was nullified, and the New Covenant sealed, with the Last Supper being the traditionally held moment of importance. This is also the primary view held throughout most Christian denominations. 3) The Old and New Covenants are both binding, although the New Covenant obviously takes precedence if there's a conflict of doctrine. This also calls into question what nullifying the Old Covenant means; some believe it means that literally everything in the Old Covenant is no longer important (other than the bits that the Rabbinic Jews refer to as the Seven Laws of Noah, which are basically covered in the 10 Commandments), while others believe that the Old Covenant should still be respected even though it's not important anymore. Furthermore, there are some that believe that the moral codes of the Old Testament are still binding, but the ceremonial codes aren't (which is how you get shellfish-eating homophobes, as well as other cases of people selectively following Old Testament rules). So in short, to many Christian communities, the Old Testament *isn't* as valid, and is merely taught as a background needed in order to understand the New Testament and the New Covenant (particularly given that Jesus' authority at least partially comes from the prophecy of the Messiah, which is given in the Old Testament).


Question: What is the difference between cake, bread, whole wheat, and all-purpose flour?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between cake, bread, whole wheat, and all-purpose flour?

Whole wheat flour has all the parts of the grain ground up together, most notable is the bran (the outer covering). White flour has this sifted out and is just the endosperm. Cake flour has a high starch content and low protein so the result is crumbly. Bread flour has a high protein content so the result is chewy. All purpose flour has a balance between the starch and protein so you can use it for most recipes.


Question: Why are spray deodorants or any spray cold and not room temperature?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are spray deodorants or any spray cold and not room temperature?

A few reasons. First of all, what we *perceive* as being hot/cold is not really about temperature--it's about the *transfer* of energy. When you wake up on a winter morning and step from your carpeted living room to the cold tile of your kitchen floor, the tile isn't any colder than the carpet--it's just better at conducting your warm body heat out from under your feet. Deodorant cans are metal and are better conductors than plastic rub on deodorants. Secondly, the deodorant spray (and can) cools as you release the deodorant. As the spray expands outside of the container, it loses energy as energy is required to expand the volume of the material. The temperature of an object is really just the average of the kinetic energy of its molecules. Conversely, if you were able to recapture all the gas of the propellant used in the spray can and force it into a tiny space, it would heat up--the energy it gains comes from the energy you put in to compress it back into a tiny space.


Question: How does animal/plant create some of the most potent poison out of nothing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does animal/plant create some of the most potent poison out of nothing?

But it's not out of nothing! Have you ever played with Legos? Everybody starts with the same building blocks. Maybe you couldn't make something huge out of it -- but someone else certainly did. It's similar here. For plants, it's not *just* soil and water. There are nutrients in there; there are sugars and other things the plants can get from the soil. And the plants that are known to make toxins take these building blocks and rebuild them to become toxins. Think of yourself as a human. You just eat normal food; how do you get things working on a cellular level? How do your sodium-potassium pumps work; how do your cells split all the time? It's because we can break up the food we eat and get nutrients out of them - carbohydrates, proteins, fat, and so on. Humans may not have the right mechanics in our cells to produce toxins, but other plants and animals do.


Question: Why are some herbs perfectly good dry but some lose their flavor when dried and are preferred fresh?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are some herbs perfectly good dry but some lose their flavor when dried and are preferred fresh?

Some flavor or scent compounds in herbs are chemically unstable and degrade over time, so those herbs have to be used fresh. Some flavor or scent compounds in herbs are volatile and evaporate over time, so those herbs also have to be used fresh. Some flavor or scent compounds in herbs are both chemically stabile and non-volatile, so those herbs can be dried and stored for later.


Question: What causes body aches when you're sick?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes body aches when you're sick?

When you’re sick, particularly with a viral illness like the flu, your white blood cells release a type of chemical called interferon. Interferon helps activate surrounding white blood cells. This sets off a chain reaction that puts the body into a sort of defense mode. The interferon itself also blocks the virus from replicating in cells. For reasons that are not totally understood, interferons cause reduced pain tolerance, which is often described as body/muscle aches. We do know it’s from interferon, though. Interferon is used as part of the treatment for multiple sclerosis, and one of the side effects is the same sort of body aches and pains that come with the flu. Hope that helps!