Question: Where does the light go ? How it disappears ?

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 Where does the light go ? How it disappears ?

Every time light hits a surface and bounces off of it, some of that light gets absorbed into it. That's actually how you can even see things, your eyes are sensitive to absorbing light. This happens approximately a hundred million times per second in a 3 meter wide room, so even if only 1% gets absorbed in each reflection, it all gets absorbed very quickly.


Question: Does soap need to lather to be effective, or is it more like a placebo where when it lathers you know for sure there is soap present?

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 Does soap need to lather to be effective, or is it more like a placebo where when it lathers you know for sure there is soap present?

Short answer is yes, because what causes it to lather up is usually the act of rubbing or intentional "use" of the soap. There is a process called saponification when a strong base mixes with fat it becomes "soapy". This is how early soaps are made: animal fat and ash. URL_0 Rubbing soap on the surface of whatever you're trying to clean forces the soap to pickup more fats and oil, consequentially causing a lather -- so yes, it would be better. A foaming soap dispenser (whatever its called) however, I think, is not necessarily better than one that simply drips; but for another reason, it can be more efficient and less wasteful as excess liquid soap don't drip on the floor or sink.


Question: How do athletes hide their steroid use from drug testings?

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 How do athletes hide their steroid use from drug testings?

There are certain drugs known as “masking agents/drugs” that can be taken to throw of the testing or give false negatives. Team Doctors on some occasions will give players a heads up before testing happens so they can be “out of town” etc. for the testing period. Athletes can “cycle off” of the steroids during the season (which is risky Incase of off-season testing). But more than likely testing happens during season.


Question: How did the old telephone company systems redirect you to recorded messages ('no longer in service', etc.) before computer routing and digital audio etc.?

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 How did the old telephone company systems redirect you to recorded messages ('no longer in service', etc.) before computer routing and digital audio etc.?

These messages are called "intercepts". Before they were digital audio files, they were, depending on the system, either on short-reel tapes playing the same message over and over, or on a magnetic spool on a drum that had multiple messages on it. Either way, the system set the timing to play when it was at the start of the desired message.


Question: What happens to pacemakers, iron hips, and other implants in the cremation process?

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 What happens to pacemakers, iron hips, and other implants in the cremation process?

Silicone implants are often removed before cremation because they get sticky, and you don't want to hand over a ball of goopy ashes. Pacemakers contain lithium batteries which can explode so they are removed before cremation as well. Metal bits can be sifted out with an electromagnet after cremation if necessary.


Question: Will the electric signals my brain sends to my body get effected if i were to be surrounded by a very strong magnetic field?

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 Will the electric signals my brain sends to my body get effected if i were to be surrounded by a very strong magnetic field?

Yes, but is has to be really powerful and change really fast [TMS]( URL_0 ) uses a really strong (2-3T) magnetic pulse to disrupt nerve impulses in the brain surface An MRI doesn't have the same effect even though it has the same field strength because stationary or slow moving magnetic fields don't induce currents as well as rapidly changing ones


Question: how do “smart” products save on electricity bills if they are always on?

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 how do “smart” products save on electricity bills if they are always on?

The amount that these devices consume for the purposes of waiting for a signal is very small. The idea is that the amount of energy saved by the primary utility of the device (the light bulb, or the device plugged into the smart plug) being on less because the smart circuitry turns it on and off as needed far exceeds the amount of energy that is consumed when the device is not operating but is communicating with the controller. In other words, you might spend an extra two cents in "smart controller" power to save 30 cents on power consumption.


Question: How come cement gets dry on both cold and hot temperatures asap?

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 How come cement gets dry on both cold and hot temperatures asap?

Because it’s not “drying”, it’s setting. Concrete doesn’t harden by water evaporating, it hardens by the water causing the cement to form crystals that bond everything together. If you’re pouring concrete on a hot, dry day you need to cover it with plastic so it doesn’t dry out before setting. And you can’t pour it in cold winter times because the water will freeze before the concrete sets.


Question: How is it that in most species the male:female ratio is roughly around 50/50? How does nature "know" to "choose" what becomes male and what female to get that ratio?

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 How is it that in most species the male:female ratio is roughly around 50/50? How does nature "know" to "choose" what becomes male and what female to get that ratio?

Ok, so some people have answered this question explaining the biological mechanism that creates a 50/50 gender split but haven't elaborated on WHY that mechanism exists in the first place. Why is the ratio 50/50 as opposed to being biased towards one or the other? The answer is simple. A 50/50 gender ratio split is an evolutionary stable position. Imagine a small genetic mutation emerges that biases female embryos over males such that the ratio shifts to 55/45. At first this mutation would be relatively benign, but as it begins to spread through the population there becomes more females than males. This creates an environment where a mutation that biases male embryos will be more successful than one that biases females, as the male members will have more potential partners. This creates an evolutionary stable point at a 50/50 population split. Any mutation that emerges that deviates from this creates the conditions for an opposing mutation to emerge. ALSO not all species are split this way! Depending on the mating habits of different animals, the optimal split might not be 50/50. Many colony-type insects do not have 50/50 splits. They have more females than males as a consequence of how they reproduce!


Question: If humans manufacture currency, why can't we manufacture more money and hand it out to the less fortunate /lower class?

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 If humans manufacture currency, why can't we manufacture more money and hand it out to the less fortunate /lower class?

Without something backing it, money is just paper. Economies are massive in scale, but not infinite. Each bank note is essentially a portion of a government's wealth. Printing more money, but not generating more wealth is simply dividing that wealth further among currently circulating notes, not creating more. Hyperinflation is basically that on steroids. Eventually you get to the point that the money isn't worth the paper it's printed on.


Question: How does the inverse square law tell us how far away a star is?

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 How does the inverse square law tell us how far away a star is?

If you know the brightness of a star, then you can figure out how much the light dims because of the square of the distance. Problem is that stars can have different brightness levels, so the measurement is very inaccurate. The only things that have the same brightness always are [type 1a supernovas]( URL_0 ), and finding them in distant galaxies can give you the distance to said galaxy.


Question: What is the IS Budget Deficit? Not the number it is right now, the actual definition of the term. Thanks.

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 What is the IS Budget Deficit? Not the number it is right now, the actual definition of the term. Thanks.

You get £10 pocket money and make a budget to spend £8 of it then you have a _budget surplus_ of £2 - so £2 left over. If instead you budget to spend £13 then you have a _budget deficit_ of £3. You are £3 short of your income. The extra £3 comes by you borrowing money from investors, the population, foreign countries- called _government debt_. Each unit of this borrowing is called a _treasury bond_. (Or _gilt_ in the UK)


Question: How does Google Search find out thousands of results from the entire web in an instant, while my fairly large Excel spreadsheet can take a good few seconds to find a particular cell value?

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 How does Google Search find out thousands of results from the entire web in an instant, while my fairly large Excel spreadsheet can take a good few seconds to find a particular cell value?

Google does a LOT of indexing and caching. Indexing is where they categorize pages based on keywords, popularity, credibility and a bunch of other signals, and they search the index for results that fit your search criteria, rather than searching each page when you request a search. Caching is when they store frequently accessed searches and search results in fast access storage, so when multiple people search for "election 2020 Florida" they don't even consult the index after the first result, they just reuse the cached result from before This is a very simplified explanation, in practice is a LOT more complex, but the idea is the same.


Question: How some traits (like the ducks reproductive system) get passed on to the next generation, even though it shouldn't have any benefits for survival?

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 How some traits (like the ducks reproductive system) get passed on to the next generation, even though it shouldn't have any benefits for survival?

Duck reproductive systems do have a benefit if it is to prevent unwanted mating. Making it harder to mate with females, makes it so females that have with that trait only mate with the best males. The females that mated with the best males have the strongest children, and their traits get passed on over females that were mated with weaker males.


Question: What does "Splenda (Sucralose) is 600 times sweeter than Sugar (Sucrose)" actually mean?

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 What does "Splenda (Sucralose) is 600 times sweeter than Sugar (Sucrose)" actually mean?

Sucralose *is* perceptually 600 times sweeter than sucrose. Or rather the way it is tested, only 1/600th is required to reach the same detectable sweetness as sucrose. But, they don't put **pure** sucralose in Splenda packets because otherwise a single packet would be similar to putting 600 packets of sugar into someone's drink. That would be horrible! So instead they dilute it down until the packet will provide about as much sweetness as a packet of normal sugar. Of course this means there is very little sucralose actually in the packet.


Question: what caused tectonic plates to begin with? do other planets have plates too/are there exceptions?

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 what caused tectonic plates to begin with? do other planets have plates too/are there exceptions?

The earth generates heat and that heat causes convection currents which move the plates. We know of no other planet where this happens. One theory is that the collision of Thea with the earth took away a lot if the crust. Because of this Earth has a much thinner crust, and so is able to have tectonic movement.


Question: How do college credits work?

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 How do college credits work?

Where I went to college you get credits for passing classes. You need a certain number to graduate. After you pick a major or minor you need to complete certain required courses for the major and then a certain number of credits in whatever classes you want within the discipline. So for example for my CS degree I had to do classes like C programming, discrete math, scientific computation, digital logic, etc, and then a certain number of credits in any CS related classes I wanted (AI, compilers, computer architecture, etc). I also had to do a bunch of math classes (since I was in an engineering school) and certain liberal arts classes that everyone had to do.


Question: What does a Logarithmic Graph show you numerically?

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 What does a Logarithmic Graph show you numerically?

On a regular linear graph an exponential trend will quickly run out of resolution and/or room. It will become so vertical so quickly that you will be unable to discern any larger trends because it will just look like a almost-vertical line forever and ever. So you would use a logarithmic graph in those kind of cases, which is a graph where the units of measure increase exponentially along the vertical axis instead of in a linear way as it would be on a "normal" chart. When graphed this way a truly exponential trend line will appear as a straight rising diagonal line instead of a parabola. This allows you to discern deviations from that trend easier and make projections more accurately.


Question: What is a travel router and how does it work?

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</answer>
 What is a travel router and how does it work?

As someone that has used these here are the scenarios for where I bring my own router and its configuration: Configuration: * The Router can connect to an available WiFi network or connect to a wired network. * It then makes a VPN connection back to my office * It then provides its own private "to me" wifi network and/or wired network where the network is secured through the VPN. & #x200B; The use cases: * Restrictive network access in the hotel. This is worst in Vegas, probably bad in San Francisco/New York/Seattle Particularly during conferences, hotels will have "Free wifi". that "Free" is with the compulsory "amenity charge" that grants you access to a fitness facility, business office, and room wifi. However, it is very often limited to 2 devices/room. If you are going to Vegas to gamble, well, fine, that probably works. But going to a technology conference? We will have 3 people in the room, each will have a minimum of 3 devices (phone, computer, tablets, whatever we are evaluating from the show, or working on for our demonstrations, or maybe some analytics devices for determining show success, etc.) Anyhow, we can expect to need 12 devices/room to be operating. At $15/day/device for a typical "amenity" change, that's a lot of cell phones going to the gym that can be avoided by using a single "travel router" connection, now our room can tunnel all that data securely out. & #x200B; * Travel to locations where your data can be expected to be scraped, spied upon, or filtered/censored From the above, this should be obvious. But maybe you aren't thinking about it when you go into that meeting room in a customer or supplier's building. They have the whiteboard setup, or the first slide of the powerpoint is the WiFi network access information. You have been traveling for 20 hours and want to get a quick message back to the kids so you connect and do that facetime meeting or whatevs. Then halfway through the meeting, you check your email… If instead you just connect your travel router to this network you can be sure your communications are a bit more secured.


Question: Are radiators really the most efficient central heating option out there? How is running steam through metal and having it radiate/convect an entire room the most viable option we have?

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 Are radiators really the most efficient central heating option out there? How is running steam through metal and having it radiate/convect an entire room the most viable option we have?

All heaters are in the 90-100% efficiency range from an energy perspective because usually you consider the waste energy to be heat. So the actual question is which one is more expensive for your use case. This depends on gas/electricity costs, and how big a building you want to heat. The losses in these systems are how much energy it takes to move the water/steam/air, and what you lose to the exterior of the building along the way. Steam radiator systems are great for large facilities/ campuses because it gives off its energy when the steam comes in contact with the cold face of the radiator, and water carries large amounts of heat. These are usually heated using gas boilers. For slightly less huge buildings a similar system with water is pretty good too. For small, single unit residences electric and gas powered furnaces will basically win out based on whether gas or electricity is cheaper in your area. These have the advantage of being forced air, which if designed right will evenly distribute it. True radiators (like are used in hockey arenas) are pretty inefficient since the radiating pieces have to be very hot to direct meaningful heat energy out.


Question: How could scientists confirm life exists on another planet "very soon"?

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 How could scientists confirm life exists on another planet "very soon"?

If they detect certain gases in significant amounts (specifically methane and oxygen) this would be **very** suggestive of organic chemistry. These gases don't tend to stick around before turning into something else so their presence would suggest an active process that is creating them. There are some non-organic processes that can create them but these would usually be short lived or only produce small amounts. Organic chemistry produces them in large amounts here on earth however so if we see that happening somewhere else then it would be suggestive of earth-like organic chemistry.


Question: Why does microwaving a lit candle create plasma? (Do not try at home)

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 Why does microwaving a lit candle create plasma? (Do not try at home)

Not a scientist, physics major, or anyone who's explanation should be taken seriously, but I did a little reading on it. Sounds like plasma is just free moving charged particles, either negatively or positively. You can make plasma by heating a gas. So basically the microwaves start knocking the crap out of all the particles (the gas/flame created by the candle) that are already pretty goddamn hot. This either adds or removes lots of electrons from the particles, thereby making them either - /+ charged. I would wonder what would happen if you had two highly, opposite charged terminals on either side of the microwave, but out of the way of the microwaves themselves. Could you create arcs through the plasma? Isn't that kind of how lightning works?


Question: Why can negative emotions such as depression linger for years or a lifetimes but positive emotions (such as the honeymoon phase) seem to fade?

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 Why can negative emotions such as depression linger for years or a lifetimes but positive emotions (such as the honeymoon phase) seem to fade?

I'd say the premise of the question is legitimate, but maybe just not posed in the most fitting manner, such as the ends of the emotional spectrum being exaggerated for point making but resulted in a loss of relativity. Simplified, the question would read, "Why does human memory tend to recall or focus on negative emotions over positive ones?" This is not only a legitimate question, but an accurate assessment. We are negative beings, by nature. Humans are fundamentally equipped with adaptation traits. This means constantly looking (even subconsciously) for ways to improve; never being truly and completely content. We always instinctively want to have more, go further, be better. In this, our brain finds ways to improve, which requires realizing and focusing on "shortfalls". That carries over to emotion. Negative events or circumstances tend to be recognized earlier and more vividly; they stand out for evaluation, often times getting cataloged as a warning, then we adapt our emotional behavior. When positive things happen, we accept them, but rarely do our minds flare up in a "from now on let's do THAT" sense. Positives do not excite our animalistic instincts. They do not cause our evolutionary core to pay attention to them. So, our brains will forever put a highlight on each bad experience, and it will remain more significant in our subconscious than many successes throughout our lives, affecting our emotions, moods, mental states, etc.


Question: Why are we more prone to nightmares when we're sick?

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 Why are we more prone to nightmares when we're sick?

Temperature affects the way our brains work, and fever can produce waking hallucinations and vivid imagery as well as nightmares. Some people find that too much spicy food leads to nightmares, and this may also be because it raises the body temperature. Our temperature varies throughout the day, and is especially low just before the onset of sleep. Then, during REM sleep when most dreams occur, temperature control is very poor. So having a fever can lead to a much higher temperature than normal during REM sleep, and it is this that causes the over-activity manifested in our minds as vivid and scary dreams.


Question: If all carbohydrates get broken down to their most simple form, sugar, why is it unhealthy to just eat tablespoons of sugar?

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 If all carbohydrates get broken down to their most simple form, sugar, why is it unhealthy to just eat tablespoons of sugar?

Most of the dangers come from the glycemic response to these various foods. Pure sugar with nothing to slow the absorption rate will spike your blood sugar. This causes your pancreas to release Insulin to counteract that spike, which in turn reduces your blood sugar below normal levels, so your body releases glucose into the blood stream to compensate, which spikes it again, causing your pancreas to release more insulin... Lather, rinse, repeat until your glucose levels have hit a steady baseline. This yo-yo effect taxes your pancreas significantly, as well as has other downstream effects on your body. The more effort it takes your body to absorb the sugars, the healthier it is for your system when consumed in moderation.


Question: So I live in the UK and today where I live, there isnt a cloud in the sky and its really sunny but only warm, why isnt it really hot?

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 So I live in the UK and today where I live, there isnt a cloud in the sky and its really sunny but only warm, why isnt it really hot?

The answer is simple - today, there's a north wind. That means the wind is bringing in air from the polar region, where it's cold, even in summer. In fact, the wind today has a slight north-easterly component, which means it's bringing a Siberian airmass towards the UK. In order to get hot weather in the UK in summer, we generally need a south or south-easterly wind, which brings warm dry air from continental Europe or Africa. A westerly wind can bring warm air too, but it also brings moist air which has been picking up water on its path across the Atlantic, so it's less likely to bring clear skies even if it's warm.


Question: why do we hate the sound of our own voices when we hear it on a recording?

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 why do we hate the sound of our own voices when we hear it on a recording?

Yes it’s literally just that. The voice we hear in the confines of our own skulls is different than the voice that gets projected out of our mouths. So when it gets recorded, we pick up on things we normally never hear ourselves do. The most common difference is that your voice sounds higher pitched over recording, both for men and women it’s the most common distinction.


Question: If I shake Honey Bunches of Oats, will it unmix over time?

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 If I shake Honey Bunches of Oats, will it unmix over time?

because of particle size. the sugar and crumbs are the smallest particles. and in an upright bag, they will settle to the bottom during agitation. separating by density is true for liquids/gasses that do not emulsify at equilibrium, like oil and water. air/hydrogen. it is not true for solids. because if i put lead on top of wood. the lead isn't going to go to the bottom less the wood breaks or otherwise deteriorates.


Question: Can a group of people influence the production rate of an economy by consuming less? How big does the group need to be? What factors need to be considered?

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 Can a group of people influence the production rate of an economy by consuming less? How big does the group need to be? What factors need to be considered?

Every consumer influences the economy in some way. If you eat one less chocolate bar it reduces the chocolate bar market by one. So the question of how many people you would need to convince in order to "have an impact" is just one. Now if your question is how much it would take to influence a particular company to do something based on that, there really isn't any hard answer. You also probably need to look at the normal variability of the specific market to determine how much change would need to occur to even be distinguished from normal variations.


Question: Why don’t we feel our nails growing?

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 Why don’t we feel our nails growing?

We feel things in general because evolution decided it was useful. For example, pain exists to alert you to things that cause damage. Evolutionarily speaking, there isn't much advantage in feeling your nails grow. Think about: what function would that sense serve? As a result, it never developed and you are blind to it, just as you are blind to a whole host of processes that go on in that biochemical machine you call a body. Tl;dr We feel things because feeling them is useful. Know your nails are growing = not useful = no sense for it


Question: The Frequency Response of a linear system ?

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 The Frequency Response of a linear system ?

Well linear system is a system where output if proportional to input. So basically output is linear function of input. To make it easier to imagine, system is e.g. electric motor, input is applied voltage, response is your motor revolution per second. So if your electric motor was a linear system, two times bigger voltage would mean two times higher revs. This is just an example to give something to imagine, but in reality its not an linear system. And you can describe basically anything in such way. So system is a plane, input is how much did pilot push the yoke, response is flight angle. Linear systems have wonderful feature, that they satisfy the property of superposition. For understanding this, let as assume that we have some complicated input, and its possible to represent this input as sum of some simple inputs (we have function Fc - complicated, which is equal to F1+F2, which are simple). Then response to the complicated Fc input, is equal to response to F1 + response to F2. This is true for linear system, id does not have to be true for non-linear systems. Knowing this you can combine it with Fourier Theorem (that you can represent any function with sum of series of sin), and you can easily calculate response to different inputs. So simplified flow will be like this: you test your system with e.g. impulse input (impulse contains of very big number of sin functions), and you can tell what is your system response to each frequency. Then you can take this information, and you can calculate output for arbitrary input. You first disassemble your input into sin functions, then you know response for each of those from previous experiment, and your output is just sum of those responses. And what is neat is that you do not do it step by step like I described, those calculations can be done very neatly using complex numbers, many programming languages will have necessary functions available as ready libraries. And one last thing, real system are rarely strictly linear. But we can make some tricks and assumptions, so that we treat our system as liner. This simplifies calculations greatly. In relation to examples from first paragraph we can assume, that while our motor is not linear, in range from 100 to 120 revs it can be approximated as linear. So if what you need is to know motor behavior in this range, then you can go with this approximation.


Question: How do ultra high speed cameras (such as the Phantom cameras) work?

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 How do ultra high speed cameras (such as the Phantom cameras) work?

There are some types of memory which can be filled up very fast, but like RAM in a PC, they are only temporary. So a high speed camera records a huge number of frames per second for a very short burst, then you need to transfer that data off the camera memory before recording the next high speed burst. You can easily need to be storing gigabytes of data per second, so with high end cameras most of the expense is getting the memory and memory controllers right.


Question: How does phosphorence work? How can an object capture light and use it to glow for long periods?

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 How does phosphorence work? How can an object capture light and use it to glow for long periods?

Its not so much that the light is captured, but more the energy of the light. Basically, some atoms and molecules will have situations wherein an electron in the outer shell can, by exciting it with light, be moved into a higher orbit, if you will (Think of Bohrs nuclear model here, as thats really all you need to visualize this) Now, most of the time, youll have those electrons move right back once there is no more light to excite it. However, in some cases, like phosphorus, the electron would, in order to do so, have to pass through what is called a forbidden state, which is basically a state that takes a lot of energy to reach and isnt very stable. As the electron falls back down through this forbidden state, it releases the energy that had previously been stored in it, in the shape of visible light. However, since the odds of this happening for any individiual electron are low, this effect will keep going for quite some time. Of course, this is only one possible mechanism. For example, there are also various nuts that are phosporescent. Peanuts for instance. I dont remember the precise mechanism, but theres a polymer (Polymer here referring to a long chain of small molecules, so called monomers, that link up to form a macromolecule) in peanuts and a lot of other nuts that will, when exposed to blue or ultraviolet light, start glowing blue, as that polymer is split up into its monomers by the light, which then reform the polymer, which then proceeds to release that same light again. (This works with fresh peanut butter as well in case you have a blacklight lamp and wanna try it out) Tl;dr: In chemistry, some processes can be caused by light being absorbed by something. if that same process is reversible, reversing it causes the light to be released, as concepts like the conservation of energy demand that the energy has to go somewhere.


Question: I am not able to understand what causes this ? how this happens How 6 people suddenly turn into 5 guys in front of my eyes...

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 I am not able to understand what causes this ? how this happens How 6 people suddenly turn into 5 guys in front of my eyes...

Notice how in the first configuration there is a face completely above the cut and one completely bellow the cut. And in the second configuration there is a rectangle completely above the cut and one completely bellow the cut. It is using the same technique but in different directions. For the rectangles it is easier because you do not notice if they all just becomes a bit shorter or longer. But they have been able to draw the faces so that you do not notice it. For example if you look at the chef in the first image he have a black nose and a weird eyebrow. But in the second image he gets a turban and now his eyebrow turns into the bottom of the nose and his nose turns into the mouth. So by drawing it this way they were able to splice inn almost half an extra face without you noticing.


Question: if certain organs can regrow [like livers] why can't we just keep some on ice until they're needed?

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 if certain organs can regrow [like livers] why can't we just keep some on ice until they're needed?

Organs do not live that long on ice. There is a reason why transplants that takes place in different hospitals use ambulances with sirens, helicopters and in some cases even fighter jets to get the organs to the destination hospital as fast as possible even if the organ is on ice. We are able to prevent it from dying for a few hours but not much longer. Therefore we can not just keep an organ on ice for long periods of time. It may be that we just have not researched the right technique but currently it is not possible.


Question: Will new areas of the Earth become Rain Forests due to Rising Temperatures?

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 Will new areas of the Earth become Rain Forests due to Rising Temperatures?

Yes, we may have some small area of new rain forest, but the net effect is negative, Remember we call it rain forest, and it's not only associated with the temp, but the rain, and climate change is expected to reduce the amount of precipitation on lands. So, while we may have some areas of new rain forest, we will lose much larger areas due to lack of enough precipitation.


Question: -In all my science classes I've been taught "like dissolves like" referring to polar and non-polar solvents. What causes this effect?

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 -In all my science classes I've been taught "like dissolves like" referring to polar and non-polar solvents. What causes this effect?

Polar molecules are attracted to each other due to their dipoles. Therefore it's easy for them to combine into one homogeneous substance. So it's really hard for a non-polar molecule to dissolve in polar solvents because they're not attracted to the solvent at all (whereas the solvent is attracted to itself since all the molecules are polar) so there's no real connecting the two to create a mixture/solution. It's also hard for a polar molecule to dissolve in a non-polar solvent because of the same reason (no attraction forces between the two substances). As for why non-polar can dissolve non-polar, that's due to the LACK of attraction forces between ANY of the molecules, so you can mix them all up with no resistance. You can visualize all this by imagining a bunch of magnets as polar molecules and a bunch of plastic balls as non-polar molecules. If I throw a bunch of magnets into a group of more magnets, all the magnets are going to stick to each other. If I throw a bunch of magnets into a ball pit, the magnets will stay together, but not attract any of the balls. Similarly, if i throw a bunch of balls into a tub of magnets, the balls will just sit there and not break apart the magnets. But if I throw a bunch of balls into a ball pit, all the balls will mix together.


Question: . How does the FCC’s approval of SpaceX launching 7,000+ satellites into orbit affect cell service and WiFi on a global long termscale?

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 . How does the FCC’s approval of SpaceX launching 7,000+ satellites into orbit affect cell service and WiFi on a global long termscale?

> Will everyone on the planet have free internet by the end of the century? Likely no. But perhaps you can have internet access any where on earth with a good connection for a relative low cost. The network called Starlink cost money to operate and SpaceX like to make a profit. So is it not that likely that we have free networks. On the other side there are a lot of free services online that is free but have advertisement etc. It might be a popular way to pay for communication networks. There have been attempt with cellular plans that is ad based and require to you look at videos but they are not that successful so we might still pay for it in the future. The first market they will target is internet access where in location that have limited access today where you have to low population density to build fast ground bases system. The idea is 12000 satellites in the end of 2020. If they cover all of earth evenly that would still require each satellite to cover a area of 43 000 km^2. There vill be less coverage over the poles so lets say 25 000 km^2 per satellite. That is a square of 158x158 km. That be a limitation in a city. Transmitting to a satellite is a city is a problem as high building are good at blocking signal and the mobile networks have a lot of small transmittor so you get cover. They talk about controllable antennas so you cover the areas with a lot of people better but there will be problem. There will be a limited number of satellites visible in the sky above any location and we human like to congregate in large cities. So the network will never replace ground base connection in cities. Fiber optical cables might be expensive to install but the cost to operate them with high throughput are very low. So most internet connection and the backbone it is build on will be fiberoptical cables for the foreseeable future. So I suspect that it might be a good way to supplement ground based system and a way for locations with bad connection today to have good internet. But as a replacement for cellular and wired internet that we use today would not works On the wikipage URL_0 I found this > The system will not compete with Iridium satellite constellation, which is designed to link directly to handsets. Instead, it will be linked to flat user terminals the size of a pizza box, which will have phased array antennas and track the satellites. The terminals can be mounted anywhere, as long as they can see the sky. So it will not replace cellphone but work for building and vehicle. I suspect that it will be great for internet access to airplanes.


Question: Why does most household garbage have the same distinct odor even though everyone’s garbage consists of different things?

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 Why does most household garbage have the same distinct odor even though everyone’s garbage consists of different things?

Different kinds of plants or meats will decompose pretty similarly, and what you're smelling is the beginning of that process. So even though everyone's is a little different the end result is not so varied. But you definitely have variations in how household garbage smells, too; e.g. diapers are certainly distinct.


Question: What's the difference between a bush, a shrub, and a tree?

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 What's the difference between a bush, a shrub, and a tree?

Shrubs and trees are both specifically *woody* plants with stems that survive throughput the winter. A tree has a clear central trunk whereas a shrub has multiple stems rising from the ground. 'Bush' is a more general term for any plant with multiple stems rising from the ground, and that can be either woody or what's called herbaceous, herbaceous plants are ones where the stems die back completely or substantially in the winter leaving the plant with just its roots and new stems grow next spring.


Question: What is a medically induced coma?

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 What is a medically induced coma?

Comas are usually induced in patients with extensive brain swelling as a way to decrease blood flow to the brain and reduce intracranial pressure. They are preformed by giving the patient a set dose of barbiturates (central nervous system depressants usually used as sleep aids or anesthetics) and then weaning them off of that dose as their symptoms improve, i.e. brain swelling is reduced. There’s a lot of controversy surrounding this practice due to risk of killing the patient/rendering them actually comatose, and because of the toll that a coma takes on the body.


Question: Why do tech manufacturers region lock their devices?

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 Why do tech manufacturers region lock their devices?

It's pretty simple, depending on the region you sell your product the highest price people are ready to pay for your device can differ quite significantly. If you have the same price all over the world you wont sell in some regions. If you have different prices and don't region lock people will just buy from the cheapest region. The "solution" is region lock. Tl;dr: it's because of money.


Question: Why is toothpaste sweet if sweet things are bad for your teeth?

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 Why is toothpaste sweet if sweet things are bad for your teeth?

Your question makes an incorrect assumption. *Sweet things, even sugary things, are not necessarily bad for your teeth.* Sweet things are bad when the sugars or other chemicals that give it a sweet taste are capable of feeding bacteria in your mouth. The acids that certain bacteria produce then eat into your tooth enamel and eventually cause cavities. This is made worse by plaque - a "biofilm" of bacteria on your teeth that can keep those acids in close contact, give more bacteria a great sticky place to hide, and maybe even harden into tartar and help lead to diseases of the tissues around your teeth. Toothpaste removes lots of bacteria and loosens the plaque when used properly, and washes away clean as well. Even if it has sweetening sugar instead of some other sweetening ingredient that doesn't feed those nasty bacteria, that sugar is washed away when you rinse. And why is there sugar there anyway? Because people - and particularly kids - are more likely to use the product and to brush their teeth longer when it tastes good.


Question: Why do the Nordic countries seem to have life figured out, like good healthcare, free education, high life standard etc, when compared to other countries?

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 Why do the Nordic countries seem to have life figured out, like good healthcare, free education, high life standard etc, when compared to other countries?

They're countries with large amounts of mineral rich land and small populations that have the added benefit of being near Germany, which is a country with large amounts of people and relatively few mineral resources. This means that Scandinavia has been a historically wealthy area due to its ability to export large amounts of valuable minerals to Germany, particularly given the very small amount of people which that wealth had to be divided between. When the industrial revolution came about, Scandinavia was able to translate its' mineral wealth into an industrial base that was large relative to its population size. The proximity of the much larger German economy also meant that Scandinavia's industry was in a prime position to fill certain niches in the Germany industrial supply chain. Because of all of this, Scandinavia is a sort of geographical sweet spot where the deck is extremely stacked in favor of them being economically successful. The result of that economic success is that the countries there are extremely wealthy. As far as income inequality is concerned, the main factor here is, again, their small population relative to their wealth. The demand for labor in Scandinavian countries has typically been very high, and the supply of labor is very low. People generally don't want to live in Scandinavia unless they were born there, which means that immigration has been almost non-existent until recently. There simply wasn't enough ore or timber in Germany to power their economy. And post-industrial era Scandinavian companies also controlled the supply of certain industrial goods as well. This created a scarcity of those items, which meant that German companies had to pay Scandinavian companies more for them. Scandinavian companies, in turn, had to deal with a very limited labor pool and an inability to import cheap labor. The end result of this was that in order to employ enough workers, Scandinavian companies had to pass on much more of the profits they were making to their workers than companies in other countries did. And to top things off, due to their ability to exploit the German market those Scandinavian companies were just more profitable, in general, than companies in other countries. So to answer your question, due to its geographical position Scandinavia is naturally wealthy and has naturally low income inequality - and how to generate wealth and lower income inequality are two of the hardest questions that countries face. When those questions are naturally answered for you, figuring the rest of life out is relatively easy.


Question: How did ancient civilizations actually calculate complex measurements like the movement of the stars/planets etc.?

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 How did ancient civilizations actually calculate complex measurements like the movement of the stars/planets etc.?

If you're talking about ancient Greece or Rome, then they used similar methods. The method boils down to a question and an answer: How are the stars moving relative to us? They asked this in response to someone noting "that star wasn't there last night!" When they looked for evidence, they began observing the night sky and drawing maps of the stars. They noted the positions of the stars stayed in relatively the same groups: Constellations. They then observed constellations based on this and need them after what they looked like.


Question: Why can cows and other animals constantly produce milk but humans cannot?

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 Why can cows and other animals constantly produce milk but humans cannot?

All female mammals only produce milk after being pregnant. If you're thinking of dairy cows, they "constantly" produce milk because they are constantly being inseminated, going through pregnancy, giving birth, then having their babies taken away (and killed if male), and being artificially milked for human consumption. Then the cycle repeats until they aren't seen as being productive anymore, then they're killed. The same thing *could* be done to human women, but it would break a whole bunch of different laws (plus, you know, ethics) ....