Question: How does stealth technology still work for aircraft?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does stealth technology still work for aircraft?

The problem is sensitivity. How far away can a radar system detect a hummingbird? If it can't actually detect a hummingbird-sized object until pretty close (say 5 miles), then the stealth will have done its job. Modern air-to-air missiles and guided bombs can be launched from over 10 miles away from the target; so long as the stealth fighter can get close enough to launch, it has succeeded.


Question: Nutrition Information Labels- how are the calories, fat, vitamins, etc measured/ figured out for a given food item?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Nutrition Information Labels- how are the calories, fat, vitamins, etc measured/ figured out for a given food item?

I write nutrition labels as part of my job. There are two ways. One is to send a sample off to a lab where various chemical testing with give you the results you need. The other way is calculation from specification sheets provided by the supplier for each of the materials. The suppliers will have tested their raw materials as in step one.


Question: Why is HD referred to as 1080P, which is it's vertical resolution (1920x1080), while UHD is referred to as 4K, which is its horizontal resolution (3840 x 2160)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is HD referred to as 1080P, which is it's vertical resolution (1920x1080), while UHD is referred to as 4K, which is its horizontal resolution (3840 x 2160)?

It's just different naming conventions. "4k" sounds more marketable than "2160p". "2k" was actually the short-lived marketing name for 2160x1440 resolution. It's even more confusing because originally "4k" was specifically used to refer to 4096x2160 resolution, but over time TV manufacturers simply started using the 4k resolution to sell TVs which were actually "UHD," which is the official name for 3840x2160. So now 4k refers to either one. I personally prefer to use the vertical resolution to name what resolution I'm talking about. "480p, 720p, 1080p, 1440p, 2160p, etc." Is a lot easier to understand than "DVD, HD, FHD, QHD/2k, UHD/4k, etc."


Question: Bonds broken require energy and bonds formed release energy. Why does ATP release energy when it is broken down into ADP?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Bonds broken require energy and bonds formed release energy. Why does ATP release energy when it is broken down into ADP?

It's amazing how a small inaccuracy in writing textbooks has given rise to confusion in an entire generation. And people wonder why I nitpick scientific statements making sure they're 100% accurate. Yes, breaking bonds **ALWAYS** requires energy input. When you look at just ATP being separated into ADP and Pi, you will definitely see an endergonic reaction. However, it doesn't happen like this in reality. This happens in an aqueous solution, and typically in biological systems, where the products of the reaction are solvated by water molecules and, later, the Pi is bonded elsewhere (e.g. A protein). The phosphoanhydride bond in between the further phosphate and the middle one is a relatively weak bond, and the ATP molecule is relatively not so stable. When broken down, water solvates the products better, entropy is higher, and the bonding of the Pi to a protein, sugar, etc then increases the stability further, releasing energy. So saying breaking ATP into into ADP and Pi releases energy is wrong. Saying hydrolyzing ATP into ADP and Pi in an aqueous solution releases energy is correct. You have to always understand all the individual steps in reactions and the molecular context to understand the flow of energy.


Question: How does your mind choses random numbers when someone asks you to do it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does your mind choses random numbers when someone asks you to do it?

A simple way to put it is this. You are put into a panic so you try to think of the most random number. Here is an example, from 1 to 10. 1 or 10 are the extremes and we’re just stated so that isn’t random enough. Even numbers are out because their even, and not Odd, needs to be odd to be random. 3,5,7,9 are left. 5 is in the middle, 3’s too low and 9 is too close to 10. 7.


Question: Why does the picture of high frequency TV's look like a soap opera?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the picture of high frequency TV's look like a soap opera?

You could read [this article about the soap opera effect]( URL_0 ) but I'm going to eli5 this, too. Newer HD tvs have a pretty remarkable ability to transform shows that are shot in fewer frames per second (that's most shows) into more frames per second by predicting/inserting extra frames. A few important things to know: A) You can turn this effect off. See above link and lots of videos on YouTube. B) Some cinematographers & directors firmly believe that stuff shot in more frames per second is actually ideal/prettier. Avatar is a great example. It's rich and dense, but our brains are super not used to that effect. Yet. Might we someday have the bulk of our tv and cinema shot in more frames per second? Possibly. C) You're not crazy; lots of people hate the predictive technology. And now that you've seen it, you'll spot it everywhere in public tvs that have that setting turned on.


Question: How does a stock's price get calculated from day to day in response to supply/demand?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a stock's price get calculated from day to day in response to supply/demand?

People who have shares make offers to sell at a certain price, and people who want shares make offers to buy at a certain price. When the two prices coincide, a trade is made, and that determines the reported "share price". It's simply the latest price at which a trade has been made.


Question: How does my body know to blink and stop something from hitting my eye that I couldn’t even see?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does my body know to blink and stop something from hitting my eye that I couldn’t even see?

It's a defense mechanism hardwired to your brain. Instinct if you will. Kinda like knowing how to breathe even though no one taught you that. Or accidentally touching a hot pan and immediately avoiding it way before your conscious mind has processed what the fuck happened. When you touch something painfully hot, do your consciousness process it like *shit bruh this thing hot af, better remove my finger from it*. NO. We involuntary react away from it as it is natural for us. It's part of our default instruction set; which can be summarized into something like **DON'T DIE**


Question: Why do we consider sqrt(-1) to be imaginary but not abs(x) = -1? Is it a different kind of imaginary number or is it not?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we consider sqrt(-1) to be imaginary but not abs(x) = -1? Is it a different kind of imaginary number or is it not?

Nothing prevents you from making up a new kind of number where |x| can be negative. The question is: what can you *do* with that definition? Can you get interesting results other that "I can now have a negative absolute value"? Can you combine those new numbers with "normal" numbers and perform operations on them in a way that is consistent? For imaginary numbers, the answer to those question is a resounding "yes", which is why they are important. For your new numbers, it's up to you to show that they're worth bothering with.


Question: Firefox 79 making links more secure, how does that work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Firefox 79 making links more secure, how does that work?

Back in the old days of the web, they made it so that when a link opens a page in a new window (or tab), the new page can edit stuff on the page that has the link. That's because it was useful for something and they weren't really thinking about security. In Firefox 79, it can't.


Question: How do Artificial Neural Networks work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do Artificial Neural Networks work?

Let’s think of something an artificial neural network could do. How about predict the weather? We’ll just tell it to try and figure out how warm each day will be, to make things easier. So the output we’re looking for is “tomorrow’s high temperature.” Now we need to give it some inputs. We can give it things like the last 5 days’ high temperatures, and maybe the temperatures from a city to the west. You could tell it last year’s temperatures for the same day, or maybe the last 5 years. Just any information that you think would help. The system makes its first guess, based on all that data, added/ subtracted/ multiplied together. Then tomorrow we see how close it is to correct. That information goes back into the system, and the system adjusts its math to try and get closer. Over time, the system starts “learning” which data matters, which data doesn’t, and so on. In this example, the learning process can be slow, since it takes a full day to figure out how right it was about its guess. But we could give it all the information from a year ago, and let it guess its way through all the information we have just as quickly as it can do the math. In short, then, artificial neural networks are just self-adjusting math equations, and are only really as “smart” as the information they’re given.


Question: why does bread soaked in water taste so bad?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does bread soaked in water taste so bad?

The texture of soggy bread could be part of the reason, since it is quite discomforting. Another reason could be that bread loses some of its sweetness when it is dunked in water. When we chew bread, we break down starch into sugar using enzymes, and we're able to perceive the bread as sweet. If the bread is dunked in water, then it is harder for the enzymes to get to that bread, and so we cannot taste the bread. Combined with the sogginess, tasteless bread will taste very horrible. I hope this helps! (Dipping bread in soup is a different matter, as you have the soup for the taste. The sogginess of the soup bread matters less than the sogginess of a sandwich bread.)


Question: Why does cold air smell fresher than regular/hot temperature air?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does cold air smell fresher than regular/hot temperature air?

Because it is easier to detect the taste/smell particles in warmer air/liquid/solidaterial. In the same way that if you eat or drink something cold, you don't taste it as strongly. The same particles may be present in cool air, but you are less likely to detect them. Also, in warm environments, bacteria etc are more active and may contribute additional smells etc.


Question: . What is the psychological reason people are terrified of rodents or other small animals/insects that will not harm them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 . What is the psychological reason people are terrified of rodents or other small animals/insects that will not harm them?

your brain has an innate fear response to stimulus that has historically been associated with danger. And by historically I mean evolutionary. These fears have been ingrained into neural circuits that you are born with, so they act as a kind of instinct. Most mammals for instance will instinctively avoid snake like objects even if they have never seen or learned about snakes before.


Question: What is an electrical ground, and why do electronics need them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is an electrical ground, and why do electronics need them?

A ground in electronic devices is essentially a path through which electricity can flow should an accidental connection be made between the intended electric circuit and the case, frame, or other parts of the product that can carry electricity. The idea is that the accidental connection causes electricity to flow into the ground instead of into a person touching the device. In general, modern devices without a ground on the plug are designed with redundant insulation instead, to keep the exterior from becoming live. Cars use DC voltage, with the negative side of the battery connected to the frame of the car as ground. TBH, I don’t recall any switches or fuses on cars that I’ve worked on having separate ground connections, though there are other devices that might. But it’s been a long time since I’ve worked on a car, so perhaps practices have changed.


Question: how come when something is spinning, you start to see it spin backwards before you are unable to keep up?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 how come when something is spinning, you start to see it spin backwards before you are unable to keep up?

In a recording, or in real life? In a recording, this is caused by the spinning thing moving more than one half a "step" (if it's a wheel with 6 spokes, then more than 1/12th of a turn) every frame of the recording. When this happens, each frame puts the spoke closer to where the *next* spoke was in the previous frame, instead of itself. So if it's turning a little less than 1/6th of a turn each frame, then it'll look like it's moving backwards very slowly, as what looks to you like the spoke having moved backwards a little bit is actually the previous spoke having moved forwards almost a full step. As the speed increases, it goes through a cycle: the movement speeds up, reverses direction, slows down, speeds up in the other direction, reverses direction, etc. forever if the frames are infinitely fast (they are really a perfect freeze frame). Real cameras aren't like that, so instead eventually everything blurs together into motion blur. How much the effect happens depends on camera settings, which usually also depend on lighting conditions. With some settings the effect does not happen at all (e.g. often in low light), while with other settings it is extremely crisp and clear (e.g. often when recording brightly lit scenes or outdoors in the sun). With your own eyes this isn't really a thing the same way, but what *can* happen is that the object is moving so fast that you can't keep up with smoothly tracking your eyes on it. Then your eyes start "jumping" from spoke to spoke (the technical term for this is called saccades). You're basically blind when your eyes jump from one position to the next, so if you "land" on the next spoke, you can accidentally end up perceiving things to be going backwards, similar to the camera. But the rate at which your eyes move isn't constant, so this isn't as predictable as the camera situation. Edit: Other than that, if all you're doing is staring at a moving object without moving your eyes, this effect does not occur, because your eyes do not have shutters. For the effect to happen, there needs to be something interrupting the light periodically, otherwise things just turn into motion blur once they get fast enough for you not to perceive the rotation. That something can be a flickering light: if you're watching a spinning object in artificial light, and it's the kind that flickers (as many cheap LEDs and fluorescents do), then that has exactly the same effect as watching through a camera, where every time the light flickers on your eyes get a snapshot of the scene, like a video frame. For the camera issue, if you want to dig deeper (warning: ELI5 mode off), this is a really a form of (temporal) aliasing, and can be analyzed in terms of the frequency spectrum of the image in time. As the frequency of something exceeds one half of the sampling rate (frame rate), which is called the Nyquist frequency, the result no longer represents the original signal, but an aliased version that looks wrong. So if you have a 60FPS camera, that's a 30Hz Nyquist frequency. If you have 6 spokes, at 5 rotations per second, that's 30 spokes per second, and that's the fastest you can turn the wheel before it starts aliasing and "spinning backwards".


Question: How do charging pads for phones, or that new Samsung that can charge from another phone, work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do charging pads for phones, or that new Samsung that can charge from another phone, work?

It's a form of inductive coupling. The phones have a coil of wire, as does the charging pad. When a high frequency alternating current is passed through the wire coil in the charging pad or phone which is providing charge, a magnetic field is created that switches its orientation very quickly. If the phone to be charged is placed very close to this magnetic field, then a voltage will be induced "created" in it's own coil. Add in some fancy rectifying electronics to convert the high frequency induced voltage into a clean and regulated DC voltage, and you've got yourself a wireless charging system!


Question: Why is it that whenever juice solidifies into ice and melts back into juice the "fruity flavor" becomes more watery?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that whenever juice solidifies into ice and melts back into juice the "fruity flavor" becomes more watery?

I know this one! When juice melts, it doesn’t all melt at once. In general the sugary compounds melt first, and the water melts later. If you froze and then thawed juice all at once and didn’t drink any, it would probably taste the same. But if you can’t leave it alone while it’s thawing (like I can’t), then you’ll probably find that the “juice” flavor melts first all at once, gets sucked off in the first few sips, and then when the rest of the juice thaws that flavor is missing, making it taste watered down and gross.


Question: how did the sun get created?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 how did the sun get created?

So you start with a bunch of hydrogen gas, moving around more or less randomly. Each atom of hydrogen attracts each other atom of hydrogen gravitationally. They're like trillions of magnets, all attracting each other. Although the force of attraction is incredibly weak. Eventually you get enough hydrogen gas in one place, that those trillions of magnets start working together and pulling towards the center of the gas. If you're an atom in the center, you're getting pulled equally in all directions, so you stay put. If you're an atom on one side of the gas cloud, then there are more atoms to the other side, so you're pulled toward the center. They pull toward the center... as they pull, you get more and more atoms in the center. Eventually these atoms "congeal" and you get a sun at the center.


Question: What is terrorism? What are the boundaries of terrorism, and how is it classified?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is terrorism? What are the boundaries of terrorism, and how is it classified?

"I'm going to kill people because I'm super mad!"-Not terrorism. "I'm going to kill people because I'm super mad they don't like Jesus!"-Terrorism. See the difference? At the end of the day. The major difference isn't really your motivations, or actions. But, rather what those actions and motivations might inspire or instill in others.


Question: How do we find the area of a country?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we find the area of a country?

One of the most common ways is known as "geodesic triangulation". finding the area of a triangle is relatively simple. Even irregularly shaped triangles can have their area calculated without any extra math. So you draw triangle after triangle within the borders of a country, measuring each edge you draw. As you reach the irregular borders like meandering rivers and coasts you just draw and measure as many smaller connected triangles as you can fit along the winding border. Then you just add up the are of all the triangles. Though admittedly this is not entirely accurate because of the curvature of the earth and the effect that has on the true land area, but it's the easiest way to visualize the process. In fact, the triangle method was and still is used as the primary method by surveyors. In fact in 18th century France 4 generations of the Cassini family used the survey equipment of the time to do this geodesic triangulation and map out France. At first it was just the borders to get an accurate depiction of what the king owned, but a map of a country without features is just an empty shape. So the Cassini family spent the next years using the same method (using known points like towns and geographic features) to map roads and other points. The Cassini maps are so accurate that old roads and towns whose position is measured with gps and more modern means, more or less line up perfectly with what the Cassini's measure by hand over 300 years ago


Question: What limits digital transmission speed in a usb port for example?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What limits digital transmission speed in a usb port for example?

Any connection (not just USB) is limited by: * the number of wires used for data (the more wires, the more data can be sent at the same time, over separate wires). * the length of the cable (the devices that are connected via a cable must "synchronize" their electronics in order to transmit and receive properly, and the longer the cable is, the lower the maximum frequency of bytes that can be transmitted). These are physical limitations. In addition, you may have "design" limitations. For example, USB is a standard, meaning that everyone has agreed to follow the rules as designed by the [companies that originally designed it]( URL_0 ), in 1996 or 2011 or whatever. So because some years have passed, there may be artificial limits built into the USB standard that everyone has to follow because it's a standard. Phones and computers may be a lot faster now, but it's a standard so they can't transmit faster than the spec. for USB.


Question: How do we know the centre core of the earth is hot, filled with lava? Wouldn't it make more sense that things get colder the deeper towards the centre you go?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we know the centre core of the earth is hot, filled with lava? Wouldn't it make more sense that things get colder the deeper towards the centre you go?

How do we know it is hot? The molten rock which occasionally spurts up is a clue, it certainly isn't getting that from the surface. We also can use seismic waves from earthquakes to determine that the mantle isn't solid which strongly implies it must be molten, therefore hot. The models of the formation of the planets say that they collected together from the gravitational influence of debris from an exploded star, and the force of the resulting compression (**not pressure**) heated the planet. The surface could cool but the core would remain warm. However that still isn't enough: Despite being under great pressure it would have cooled to the point of solidifying by now if not for the inclusion of heavy, radioactive elements which release heat as they decay. That plus the insulation of so much rock above keeps it hot.


Question: How do firefighters find the object that started the fire if everything burns up in the fire?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do firefighters find the object that started the fire if everything burns up in the fire?

Not everything burns equally. For example, the room where a fire started would be significantly more burned than, say, the next room over. So that way you can locate the general area where the fire was started. Next, you can start to look for other clues. Accelerants and other such chemicals leave traces that won't be completely removed if the fire isn't too big. So if a fire dept can find traces of accelerant or fuel, they can generally assume that these were present at the source of the fire. So basically, not everything will burn up completely, especially if the fire is not extremely extensive. Fire departments have investigators who are specially trained to find traces of whatever started the fire.


Question: How I'm productive at the library as opposed to being lazy and drowsy at home?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How I'm productive at the library as opposed to being lazy and drowsy at home?

Less distractions I guess and simply the act of "going to the library" forces you to change the way you're thinking about how you are going to spend your time. I had a similar thing in regards to working out at home vs working out at a gym. Much more productive at a gym.


Question: What is a shell, and orbital, and a suborbital in an atom?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a shell, and orbital, and a suborbital in an atom?

You have a nucleus with a bunch of positively charged protons. It forms an atom that wants to have the same number of negatively charged electrons. Due to some quantum mechanics stuff, the electrons don't fall all the way into the nucleus and only so many electrons can fit into a certain amount of space. This means that filling up our atom with electrons is like filling a jar with Skittles. They all fall to the bottom, but eventually the bottom layer fills up and they start to stack up above the bottom of the jar. So if I have an atom with 1 electron (hydrogen), I get one electron sitting as close to the nucleus as possible, just like having 1 skittle in the jar. That's the first shell. The first shell can hold 2 electrons before you start stacking that next layer. Now my analogy gets a little weird. Since an atom has 3-dimensional space, the further you get from the nucleus, the more space you have to "stack" electrons. So to fit the analogy, it's more like our jar is cone shaped, so that each layer fits more and more Skittles. This is what orbitals are. They're new space to stack more electron-skittles. The suborbitals are just a way of dividing up that space into smaller chunks. It's easier to describe orbital vs. suborbital with a picture [like this]( URL_0 ). Look in the row for the P orbital in that diagram. Due to some more quantum mechanics, the space the electrons get to fill up are shaped like butterfly-barbell thingies. There's a vertical, sideways, and front-back one of these suborbitals. The three of them together make up the whole P orbital. So the first layer is 2 electrons (1S orbital). Now we make a new layer a little further out with 2 more electrons (2S orbital) plus 6 electrons (2P orbital) that we now have room for on the second layer (2 + 2 + 6 = 10 between both layers). The next layer only still has S and P so we get another 8 electrons in that layer. The next one we unlock the D orbital which gives us space for 10 extra electrons per layer, and so on.


Question: How does automatic Hover Mode in Helicopters detect wether you are flying or standing still relative to the ground beneath you?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does automatic Hover Mode in Helicopters detect wether you are flying or standing still relative to the ground beneath you?

The Tello has vertical computer-vision sensors; it remembers what it looked like 'before' and if the image is offset it knows how to move it back into alignment. It works best when there is some high-contrast item within view -- if it is over a flat matte surface it doesn't work well. & #x200B; Which as I say that sounds quite a bit like the homing sensors of a missile; my how technology has advanced.


Question: If electricity from natural gas power plants cant be stored, how do they know how much electricity to produce per day and where does the wasted electricity go to?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If electricity from natural gas power plants cant be stored, how do they know how much electricity to produce per day and where does the wasted electricity go to?

Lots of ways of making electricity have different benefits - nuclear is cheap but not very responsive if you need to increase or reduce supply, hydroelectric is expensive but very responsive, everything else is in between. Power companies work HARD with big users in industry to manage the supply - for instance historically in the UK there are three 30' slots per year where domestic demand is so high that industry (eg foundries) can save a lot of money by keeping powered off during that slot (they pay variable pricing for power, btw). What the grid needs is to know demand and be able to level it best possible. To do that, the spare electricity from cheap nuclear overnight is used to pump the hydro plants water back uphill, or if there's a surge in demand (kettles going on at half-time in the football), the hydro plant can be brought online at almost no notice to cover a surge. Gas plants take a littler longer to adjust, maybe a minute or so, so they can be brought up to cover the increased demand after the hydro has covered a gap at a price somewhere between the two.


Question: How are primary colors made, if you can't technically create them with other colors?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are primary colors made, if you can't technically create them with other colors?

The pigments come from materials that are already that color. For example, some minerals like red chalk can make colors, cinnabar is red, and this is also a mineral. Most of them get made synthetically now, but some chemicals will just reflect a specific wavelength of light, and that's how you get pretty much any color you want. Cadmium Sulfide is used to make yellows, and you can mix cadmium sulfide with cadmium selenide to make a red.


Question: why do most lotions contain alcohol when alcohol is very drying for skin?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do most lotions contain alcohol when alcohol is very drying for skin?

Alcohol is a big word that contains a lot of different types of chemicals. Some of them are dry but others are called "emollients" and they partially consist of fatty substances which help hold in moisture. Putting them on your skin has a moisturizing and protective effect, and they also help in making the lotion because they hold some of the other chemicals together when their normal behavior would be to separate. Note for adults: the FDA considers the common types of these emollients to be very safe.


Question: If temperature is related to average kinetic energy or speed of the particles, why is fast flowing water not hot?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If temperature is related to average kinetic energy or speed of the particles, why is fast flowing water not hot?

It does heat up, very slightly Water in liquid form can hold 3-5 times its capacity, meaning the molecules are somewhat spaced out, And all flowing in the same direction. So while they produce kinetic energy, they don’t produce Heat Energy on their own. Striking your hand does generate a minuscule amount of heat energy, but the over all temp of the water takes that heat near instantly and dissipates it


Question: What would be the effect of having one computer connected via LAN and the rest of the computers connected via WiFi?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What would be the effect of having one computer connected via LAN and the rest of the computers connected via WiFi?

Depends on the router; they're not all equal, and it's not always about the bandwidth being used. Figure a typical router's network ports operate at 1 Gigabit (1000 Mbps). A typical wireless connection is limited to approx 50 Mbps; You could, in theory, connect 20x devices wireless before matching the bandwidth a single physical port allows for. Now this never actually happens because wireless technologies, interference, processing speed, packet loss etc, never get you the full bandwidth. What's often more often the case, is the router's ability to handle multiple wireless connections to different devices at the same time is limited. You also have to consider that the "Wireless" connection on the router is a single interface being shared by multiple devices, and splits the wireless bandwidth between them; where the physical port is just the one device. However, not all wireless routers are 'rated' for the same wireless bandwidth. A wireless router rated for, say, 300 Mbps has to split that between all wirelessly connected devices. Now taking all that together, and assuming your actual internet connection isn't the limiting factor; having a plugged-in computer should have no noticeable impact on your wireless performance by a longshot unless it's a pretty junky router. Having a computer plugged in directly would theoretically IMPROVE wireless performance, as it's one less device to share the wireless interface.


Question: Why are American stocks rising when unemployment rates are exploding?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are American stocks rising when unemployment rates are exploding?

You remember when the market fell nearly 40% when there were a couple dozen cases and before lockdowns were implemented? That was the market seeing the writing on the wall and pricing in the future losses. It was pricing in the chance that no stimulus was passed and that the fed wouldn't be quick to act. The gains in recent days (still 20% off the peak) reflects the market not thinking things are as bad as they may have been (i.e. the selloff overshot). Of course, the market may be wrong now and may very well drop again. My point is that the market isn't rising on bad employment numbers anymore than it was falling because a couple dozen people had the virus (which was the situation when it fell precipitously). The market attempts to lead economic indicators, not follow them.


Question: When is a plant dead?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 When is a plant dead?

It seems like a simple question but the answer can be quite complex. By definition, a plant is dead when it is no longer alive. Death is generally defined as the absence of life (or to be more exact, the absence of life in an object that was previously alive, which is why rocks are called inanimate objects rather than dead). Science has a number of things we can check to determine if a plant is alive. It depends on the type of plant, but some common things are checking if the roots and stems are pliable and firm. If they're mushy or brittle, the plant is probably dead. Other obvious signs would be, it's still growing, it grows leaves or flowers, the flowers blossom, the trunk is green and wet inside, it's absorbing nutrients and air and producing oxygen etc. In general it's easy to confirm the plant is alive if it exhibits any of these behaviours, but in order to confirm it's dead you have to perform all possible tests; some tests require specialised training or equipment, and even then there are times where all known tests return negative, yet the plant "returns" to life weeks or months later. Philosophically, we have various definitions of what it means to be "alive", and plants generally tend to fit into those definitions. When a particular plant ceases to exhibit those traits, we call it dead. These traits can include things like the ability to grow, reproduce, adapt and evolve, perform certain chemical process, make decisions, move under its own power, respond to stimulus and more.


Question: How do calculators find square roots?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do calculators find square roots?

There are iterative algorithms for solving most types of equations. The easiest method is nested intervals: If you know that larger values of a always lead to larger values of i, you could start with 0\*0 < 256 and 256\*256 > 256. Then you take the mid-point and narrow it down from there. 128\*128 > 256, so sqrt(256) is somewhere between 0 and 128. 64\*64 > 256, so sqrt(256) is between 0 and 64. Instead of having to try a times, you just need to try log2(a) times to find the closest integer. To get fractional numbers right even faster, there are methods such as Newton-Raphson iteration: To get the point where your function crosses zero, you evaluate the derivative at your current guess, let the slope intercept zero, then use the X value at that zero as your next guess. You would probably need pictures to render these explanations LI5, though.


Question: Why is it so hard to make a current-gen console emulator?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it so hard to make a current-gen console emulator?

An emulator is a program which uses a computer to pretend to be a different computer or console. When you run programs natively on the console, you push a button and the console calculates a response. When you push a button in the emulator, it can't just calculate a response directly, because that response won't be in the same format the game expects - instead, the emulator has to do extra work to decide *how the console would perform that calculation*. If one of your friends asks you what your favorite candy is, you can answer immediately. But if they ask what your *brother's* favorite candy is, you have to think about it for a minute. Similarly, an emulator needs some extra time to do those extra calculations. But games need very rapid responses, so pushing a button has an immediate effect. That means the emulator needs to run on a computer which is a lot faster than the hardware it's emulating. Not a big deal when you're using a modern quad-core processor to emulate a Super Nintendo. But modern consoles use a lot of the same components as modern computers, and are roughly the same speed. That means there's not really any time to do those extra calculations.


Question: what is that random high pitch ringing in your ears and why does it happen?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is that random high pitch ringing in your ears and why does it happen?

There are two forms of this. One is called tinnitus and is an injury caused by loud noise exposure. The other posters covered this one. It's most common from using loud things (firearms, power tools, etc) with no hearing protection. It can also be easily caused by headphones or earbuds if you play music loudly, because they are so close to the ear they can do damage over time even if you think the volume level is comfortable. When using headphones you should always use the lowest volume that lets you hear clearly. The other one is called "pulsatile tinnitus" and is caused by the blood rushing through your ears. It's literally always there (unless your heart stops - not good) but it's not very loud and you almost never notice it. When things are quiet enough, and you are very relaxed, you may start hearing it as a pulsing "whoosh" or as a high pitch ring that fades in and out. This is actually hearing your own pulse and is completely harmless. It should never be loud enough to stop you from hearing other things, if that is happening you probably have regular tinnitus.


Question: If oxygen and carbon dioxide are non-polar molecules, how can they dissolve in water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If oxygen and carbon dioxide are non-polar molecules, how can they dissolve in water?

Some of the Carbon dioxide (CO2) will combine with Water (H2O) to form Carbonic Acid (H2CO3). Additionally, with regards to carbonation, you can "force carbonate" water / beer / soda using high-pressure CO2, by forcing the CO2 into solution with water. Effectively, the CO2 fills spaces between the water molecules, and if held at high pressure it will stay "in solution." Any excess CO2 that doesn't dissolve in water will slowly bubble out (which is what makes it bubbly) when the pressure is released (opening a bottle of soda or a beer). Let me know if I'm way off base, this is just my understanding of it via my time working in a brewery.


Question: Do animals in a social setting with their peers feel embarrassment?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do animals in a social setting with their peers feel embarrassment?

I think they are continuing on with their day. I read an article not too long ago I think on a TIL thread, that said an animal like a dog cannot remember what emotions feel like. So if today he is sad, he can't be like "I remember when I was happy yesterday." He just knows how he feels in that particular moment. So I bet if they are embarassed by something, it will quickly fade.


Question: can chocolate exist as a gas?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 can chocolate exist as a gas?

> can chocolate exist as a gas? Not exactly. Some aspects of what we consider chocolate will vaporize at different temperatures so while you might smell some oils from chocolate the solids aren't going to be airborne. Similarly when those solids are turned into a gas the more volatile oils either aren't going to be around or they won't be what they were before, having been cooked into something else. So while every component of chocolate can exist as a gas, there is no guarantee that mixtures of disparate ingredients can be a gas all at the same time.


Question: What is the psychology behind Pareidolia?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the psychology behind Pareidolia?

Your brain is nearly always working on incomplete information and so has to fill in gaps with what it thinks might be there. This is a helpful survival technique in that you spot the end of a stripy tail and a few feet away from that a few thick white whiskers and your brain fills in the gap that there is a tiger in the bushes. URL_0


Question: What makes certain soap better?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What makes certain soap better?

Soaps and detergents work through basically two methods - they reduce the surface tension of water and they allow oil to be dissolved in water. If you've ever seen a bug walk across the top of water you know about surface tension. You can't wash the bug away, because it sits on top of the water. If you reduce the surface tension, the bug drops into the water, and gets washed away. The same thing applies to small dirt particles, getting between threads in fabric, etc. Soaps/detergents are *surfactants*, they reduce the surface tension and allow tiny particles to be carried away by the water. Oil doesn't normally dissolve in water, but soaps/detergent molecules basically have an "oily" end that doesn't like water and a "watery" end that sticks to water. When there is a bit of oil in water, the soap molecules surround the oil, making a little shell with all the "oily" ends in and all the "watery" ends out, allowing the oil to stay mixed in the water, instead of separating. There are lots of different molecules that can perform these functions. The reason some soaps/detergents work better than others is because they are tuned to work best in certain conditions and for certain purposes. Hand soap is made to not damage skin, for example, and often leaves a protective layer behind, but you wouldn't want that on your clothes or dishes. Laundry detergents are made to work in cold water to protect your garments and contain things like fabric softeners and whiteners that you don't need or want on your hands or dishes. Dish soap is made to work at high temps with more focus on degreasing and can be more harsh, since dishes are much harder to damage than skin or clothing. Cheap versions of any of these are going to use the bare minimum and not include the fancy additives to tailor themselves to a particular task. More expensive products will include more concentrated products, more specialized recipes, etc. For example, a cheap dishwasher tablet might just be a lump of detergent pressed into a cube, while a more expensive one might have one part of the tablet designed to dissolve later in the cycle to aid in rinsing. This additional step makes it more costly to produce, but also makes it work better. That's just one example.


Question: Why does meat get tougher after cooking, but tender after cooking for a very long time (or under pressure)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does meat get tougher after cooking, but tender after cooking for a very long time (or under pressure)?

**Toughness:** Proteins are made up of folded amino acids. When heated, their bonds break apart and they assume a new shape. This is why an egg white goes from clear to white when heated. **Tenderness:** Heating up the connective tissue inside the muscle causes it to liquify which is what tenderness is. If you heat for a long time at lower heat, you do a lot melting and preserve moisture. Pressure cooking adds more energy while also keeping moisture inside.


Question: How is it possible to film light passing and bouncing of a mirror?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is it possible to film light passing and bouncing of a mirror?

They use extremely fast camera shutters to capture a very short moment so you can see the light beam. However they can not reset the camera in time for the next frame so they cheat a bit by sending a new beam of light for the next frame. They make sure to synchronize the short beams of light with the camera shutter but offset it a bit so the beam will appear to move forward a bit for every frame. It is actually a different beam for every frame but the same setup.


Question: How do storms continually drop rain? Why does it not all drop at once, and how can storms keep a steady stream up?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do storms continually drop rain? Why does it not all drop at once, and how can storms keep a steady stream up?

For similar reasons that explain why a pot of water doesn't all turn to steam (well, vapor, then steam) at once. The change is a gradual progression. So, air holds water. To an extent. Higher pressure air holds more water. Warmer air holds more water. The amount of water in the air is called the absolute humidity, but since different pressures and temperatures of air can hold different amounts of water, we refer to something called the relative humidity. Relative humidity is the amount of water that the air *is* holding compared to how much the air *can* hold at that temperature and pressure. This is referred to as a percentage of saturation. So, let's say you have hot, wet air down by the ground (more pressure), and it's moving up into an area of cold air with less pressure, due both to the rise in elevation and the lower temperature (which decreases pressure). At the beginning, you had a certain amount of water in the air, that was the absolute humidity, but the air was able to hold it. That means that the absolute humidity was at or below 100% of what the air can hold (meaning relative humidity is at or below 100%). As you move the air up to the cold, low-pressure area, the air can hold less and less water. At some point the absolute humidity is going to surpass the air's ability to hold it. At this point water condenses, and drops fall. Now, as the drops fall, they do gather more water and get bigger, but as they get bigger and faster they start breaking up again. This is why there is a limit to the size of drops that we see. Now, the main reason that all of the water does not drop at once is because all of that change that I mentioned happens over time, not instantaneously. In order for all of the water to drop at once, you would need to instantly cool or depressurize a local region of atmosphere. Not only that, but all of the water molecules would have to be instantly teleported together into drops, since they were all spread out at first. I hope that helps. I didn't go back and read what I wrote, so that may be kind of confusing. Edit: I keep logging on to questions. I'm sorry if I confused you. It was an ELI5, but I had to draw the line and dumb it down somewhere. Some want more explanation, some want less. I tried, that's all I can say. But for those of you that keep telling me that I'm wrong about air pressure, or temperature, and amount of water in the air, please refer to [The ideal gas law]( URL_0 ), and if you still disagree, then please go take some meteorology courses that may or may not help you understand the relation between a closed system and multiple open systems. Edit 2: For all others, if you have a real question that you think I can answer, feel free to PM me. Reddit is a difficult place to explain anything more complicated without writing a book that no one will read.