Question: Why does the moon look waaay smaller on the camera than it does by naked eyes? Whereas people look bigger on the same camera (smaller focal length)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the moon look waaay smaller on the camera than it does by naked eyes? Whereas people look bigger on the same camera (smaller focal length)

Well basically because your eyes are amazing. They automatically adjust for focal length and for exposure. Camera sensors and lenses are really far behind but getting better. In the future you might be able to get a realistic looking image from a single photo. Some photographers are taking multiple photos and blending them to try to recreate what your eyes and brain are able to do, but that's really difficult.


Question: What is the purpose of labels in the music industry and why do they hold so much power as well making more money than the artists signed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the purpose of labels in the music industry and why do they hold so much power as well making more money than the artists signed?

Labels do all the legwork to get music out to consumers: * They scout new talent. * They link promising musicians up with songwriters and producers. * They provide cash advances so new artists can afford to book studio time. * They negotiate distribution deals to get music on the radio and into (real/digital) stores. Labels are essentially the bridge between you playing local clubs and having a cool mixtape and you becoming a nationally known artist.


Question: The difference between Individual Rights and the Common Good (with examples)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 The difference between Individual Rights and the Common Good (with examples)?

Very basic example: I show up at a hospital for some random procedure. I happen have two good kidneys, so a passing surgeon cuts out one of them to transplant into someone who needs a kidney. Most people would be rather unhappy with this circumstance, because most people would feel as though this violates a basic principle of inviolability of the person, despite it resulting in a common good (I didn't technically need the second kidney and may have saved someone's life).


Question: why U.S. dollar is the main world currency?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why U.S. dollar is the main world currency?

There are a few reasons for this. First is the shear size of the US Economy. The US represents 25% of the entire would economy. There is no other country that is even close. The US economy is the size of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th largest economies put together (China, Japan, and Germany). The other big thing is the stability of the US. There are no other large economies that are as stable as the US. The only comparable economy in size is China, and their future is uncertain at best. The entire EU is currently in turmoil because of things like Brexit and now other concerns about the EU even remaining a thing. Countries that you would think were very stable like Canada are in a currency crisis as their currency has fallen 30% in value in the last 4 years. The reality is the US is very large and very stable. If you spend too much time on sites like these you would think the sky is falling over here, but really things are quite peaceful and stable.


Question: (At least in English) Why when followed by certain words (specifically I've noticed with anything that starts with "you") do words ending in "t" often end up sounding like "tch". For example; "I love that about you." often ends up sounding like "I love that aboutch you."?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 (At least in English) Why when followed by certain words (specifically I've noticed with anything that starts with "you") do words ending in "t" often end up sounding like "tch". For example; "I love that about you." often ends up sounding like "I love that aboutch you."?

It's the t to the y. Make a 't' noise in your mouth, your tongue is loosely at the roof of your mouth. Now make a 'y' noise; your tongue is on your front teeth. Now make a 'ch' noise, your tongue is midway between the two; as you transition from a 't' to a 'y' your tongue goes into the position to make a 'ch' and if you keep breathing out as you do then it makes the noise.


Question: Why can't you see stars during footage of spacewalks? Why does space appear totally black?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't you see stars during footage of spacewalks? Why does space appear totally black?

That's just to do with the camera settings. If you set the exposure to long enough that you'll see the stars, then everything in the foreground (astronauts, space shuttles, etc) will be really bright and washed out. In these photos, they don't want you to see the stars, they want you to see the astronauts. You're probably comparing these photos to what stars you'd see at night time. But these photos aren't taken at night, they're in direct sunlight. The stars are visible but they're much dimmer than you might expect because of the sunlight, and that's why you'd need pretty long exposure times to have them show up on camera. You can also try this yourself. Next time you're out at night, take a photo with your phone and see if the stars that you can see are visible on the photo. They probably won't be, except for maybe the brightest stars. Obviously, the cameras used for space photography are more powerful than your phone camera, but it's the same principle.


Question: why does adding salt to water make it boil faster, or is this a myth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does adding salt to water make it boil faster, or is this a myth?

The phenomenon is called *boiling point elevation*, and it doesn't make it boil *faster*, it makes it *hotter* when it boils. Boiling water is adding heat energy, making the water molecules vibrate faster and faster until they are vibrating so fast that they shoot off into the air instead of hanging out with each other. When you add salt to water, it makes the water just a little more attractive to itself, so it takes a little more heat to get the water molecules to shoot off into the air. When you make noodles in boiling water with a bit of salt in it, the noodles cook at a slightly higher temperature.


Question: How does exercise help if you've got mild arterial blockage?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does exercise help if you've got mild arterial blockage?

Cath lab RN here (help cardiologists take pictures of heart arteries and stent if needed). An actual REDUCTION in the plaque inside arteries is technically not possible, but I have seen arteries that look as though this happens. Exercise helps by training your heart muscle and tiny muscles inside the arteries. Stronger, healthier heart muscle provides more blood flow all around and allows the heart to work more efficiently between resting and exercising. Better artery muscles give them more freedom to expand and contract to maximize blood flow. Also, if your mild plaquing ever becomes severe, nice juicy arteries are infinitely easier to reopen and keep open by stents. Thready, narrow arteries are much more likely to end you up having bypass surgery. Exercise also increases good cholesterol called HDL which in a sense counters bad cholesterol called LDL. When looking at blocked LEG arteries, exercise is the best medicine because it forces (or tricks) your body into building new arteries to circumvent blockages. Leg arteries can be stented like hearts, but blood flow that far from the heart is sluggish and these stents are much more likely to clog back up. One last neat fact: if you have a severe heart artery blockage that slowly grows over years, your body will often build its own "bypass". A cardiologist will likely try to reopen the original spot if you are having symptoms, but this extra flow makes it much less risky. Exercise helps this happen as well.


Question: What is the legal difference between a pyramid scheme and multilevel marketing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the legal difference between a pyramid scheme and multilevel marketing?

In a pure Pyramid scheme, there's no legitimate product to sell. Imagine I invite you to join my private club. There's no benefits from being a member. It costs $1,000 to join. But if you can recruit 8 other people and get them each to pay $1,000 each, then you get to keep half - making a profit of $3,000. The other half goes to me (but I give half of that to the person who recruited me, and so on). The first people who join make lots of money! But before long, everyone who wants to join has joined, and the people at the bottom of the pyramid just lost $1,000, having given their money to pay the people at the top. In a MLM company, there's a real product to sell. People at the bottom of the pyramid sell real products that people want, like knives, vacuums, energy drinks, or leggings. However, being at the bottom of the pyramid it's hard to make any money - you don't make a lot of profit per item. The way to make more is to recruit others to join. The only difference is that the MLM has a real product, and you really can make money just reselling that product. In a pyramid scheme, there is no product.


Question: Why don’t birth marks and freckles go away if your skin cells are always being replaced?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why don’t birth marks and freckles go away if your skin cells are always being replaced?

So birthmarks and freckles are really just areas of the skin with more coloration. There’s a special type of cell called a “melanocyte” that produces the stuff that makes skin dark. These special cells rest on the bottom layer of the skin, the layer that sheds less often. When we lose dead skin cells they’re usually from the top layers. In freckles and birthmarks, the melanocytes produces more melanin (the stuff that makes skin darker) than normal, so the skin around them is darker than the rest of the body


Question: Is "heat" basically just lower-frequency light?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is "heat" basically just lower-frequency light?

There's two things to consider here that get a bit confused by the terminology people use. There is 'temperature', which as you would expect just means how hot something is. This is not the same as light, it is basically a measure of how much (on average) kinetic energy each molecule has. Then there is 'heat' or 'heat transfer' which refers to thermal energy moving from one place to another. There are 3 ways heat transfer occurs, conduction, convection, and radiation. The third one, radiation, is what you are thinking of, and refers to heat transfer via electromagnetic radiation. A hot body will actually emit radiation at a wide range of frequencies, but there will be a peak in the distribution ( URL_0 ) and that is the frequency where most of the heat is being radiated. For example when metal gets red-hot that is because the visible range of frequencies dominates at that temperature.


Question: Why does drinking something help when you have to cough even though the coughing is caused by your lungs and not your stomach?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does drinking something help when you have to cough even though the coughing is caused by your lungs and not your stomach?

Depending on the nature of the cough (productive vs unproductive) increasing fluid intake can help. In a productive cough increasing fluid intake can thin out secretions and make them easier to cough up. With an unproductive cough it can alleviate some of the soreness associated with frequent coughing and rehydrate mucosa.


Question: If a room temperature object is left in outer space for an hour, would it come back colder, warmer, or the same temperature?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If a room temperature object is left in outer space for an hour, would it come back colder, warmer, or the same temperature?

Heat is also transferred by radiation, which does not require a medium (particles, like air/water/etc). Your object in space would radiate heat and start to cool, but you also have to account for incoming radiation (from the Sun, for one example). So, your answer depends quite a lot on where you put the object. If the object is radiating more heat than it's receiving, it will get colder.


Question: Why when the bathroom mirror fogs up does it “defog” itself from bottom to top and not top to bottom?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why when the bathroom mirror fogs up does it “defog” itself from bottom to top and not top to bottom?

Remember the old expression, "Heat rises"? Well, that means that as the air cools back to "room temperature" in a bathroom, it appears to do so from the floor up. That's because the cooler air is dropping to the floor, pushing the still warmer air to the ceiling. Cooler air is able to absorb more heat from other matter, like glass, than warmer air. So the lower, cooler air is able to draw away heat from the portion of the mirror that it touches, which is near the bottom. That air then becomes warmer and rises again, pushing now cooler air down, and continuing the process.


Question: Why are matrices useful? What do we want them for?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are matrices useful? What do we want them for?

We use certain types of matrices (known as vectors) in physics all the time. For example, a matrix containing the x, y, and z coordinates of an object, or the x, y, and z velocities/accelerations of an object. They're also used in quantum mechanics; you use operator matrices and eigenvectors to calculate probabilities of certain things happening, for example, that a particle will be spin-up or spin-down when measured. There are also applications in solving systems of differential equations (or regular equations for that matter.)


Question: how does it work when the director of a film is also a main character?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does it work when the director of a film is also a main character?

Typically yes, or they'll have an assistant director or another member of the crew who can stand off-set, make sure that everything's going as it should, and call the "actions" and "cuts." As for directing themselves, since they know exactly what they want in a scene, they wouldn't typically need much direction on-set, as long as they're a good enough actor. And they can always watch the film of their last take to make sure that it's coming across properly. But it's the same deal here - they'll have an assistant director who knows the artistic/stylistic choices that the director has made; if those aren't coming across, they can direct the director.


Question: Why are rechargeable batteries only 1.2V?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are rechargeable batteries only 1.2V?

The voltage generated in a battery is due to specific chemical reactions between the electrodes and the dielectric. This is more or less predetermined by what the battery is made of. There are other features more important in a battery - safety, reliability/rechargeability, size and energy density, current carrying capacity, cost etc. Modern commercial batteries have to optimize the above. The voltage is a very very minor issue ultimately because voltages are easily and efficiently adjusted by external circuitry. There is essentially no point to making a battery $10 more expensive just to try to eliminate $1 worth of external circuitry.


Question: Why does a company care about its stock price after the IPO?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a company care about its stock price after the IPO?

In addition to the other comments, the stockholders become the new ownership. In essence, they are the company, and they care about the stock price because they want to make money off their investment. The officers and executives running the company care, because if they tank the stock price they lose their jobs.


Question: How do some animals, such as aquatic birds, swallow other animals alive without worrying about getting their innards injured?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do some animals, such as aquatic birds, swallow other animals alive without worrying about getting their innards injured?

It really depends on each individual creature. Some of them have evolved to have incredibly tough linings to their stomachs and their insides in general while others have developed an environment so caustic as to incapacitate and/or kill their prey almost instantly; if not having both of these statements apply. These species usually hunt very specific prey and have developed to be very efficient at it.


Question: How is food flavoring made?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is food flavoring made?

Flavor is just a mix of chemicals in the food causing reactions with sensory neurones in the nose and tongue combined with the psychological knowledge that you are about to eat a strawberry. All you need to do is make chemicals that give a roughly similar response (esters are good for this) and convince the brain it is eating somthing strawberry flavoured and it is close enough. Often the fake flavor is nothing like the real (see bananas) but if it tastes nice people dont care.


Question: Why do colds and flu symptoms feel worse at night?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do colds and flu symptoms feel worse at night?

This has been answered many times before, but the long and the short of it (IIRC), is that the human body goes into "rest and repair" mode at nighttime, causing more blood to go to certain functions to help them heal and recover, which causes other bodily systems (like respiratory function, I'm guessing) to have to work harder to perform.


Question: Why do so many people experience a foreboding or a sinister 'presence' when they have sleep paralysis?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do so many people experience a foreboding or a sinister 'presence' when they have sleep paralysis?

*this is all speculation* I think it has to do with the shock of what’s happening. You can open your eyes, you’re *sorta* all there and can see, but you’re still dreaming and can’t move. Naturally, most people freak out I’ve been having sleep paralysis for years, and it’s no longer scary. It’s more annoying than anything. It’ll happen and I think “ugh come on. Not this again”. Then start my process of forcing myself awake.


Question: Cars with ultra bright blue LED things, why?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Cars with ultra bright blue LED things, why?

They're brighter, which means they provide better visibility in the dark. This is very useful when there might be wildlife darting around on the edges of the road that you can't see with dimmer bulbs. With that said: a lot of what you're complaining about isn't the bulb, per se, but the aiming or height of the bulb. A pickup's lights will be about head-level with a sedan's driver's eyes, so they'll be more distracting by default.


Question: How does noise canceling headphones work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does noise canceling headphones work?

As you mention, the answer is destructive interference of sound waves. If there is a sound wave traveling through the air, you can cancel out that sound wave by sending another wave that is the same size but exact opposite shape. (Picture the shape of an S being reflected in a mirror to represent one wave and its opposite). Imagine shaking a long rope one time so that there is single wave traveling down the rope. Normally, if the wave has enough energy, it will travel all the way to the other end of the rope. But if someone holding the other end of the rope shakes the rope in the exact opposite motion at the same time that you begin to shake the rope, the waveforms that you both produce will cancel out when they meet in the middle. Noise cancellation just does this with sound waves. It comes in many different forms, but this is the basic idea that is common to all of them. [This]( URL_1 ) page explains it more thoroughly, and [here]( URL_0 ) is a video showing how opposite waves can cancel each other (notice that the height of each wave is reduced after the interaction). In sound waves, this process would mean making the original sound wave quieter.


Question: Why can’t you access a website if there’s too much traffic? How does that work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can’t you access a website if there’s too much traffic? How does that work?

Well, can you move onto a highway that is already filled to capacity with other traffic participants? Just like you have limited bandwidth available to perform up- and downloads, every site's webserver has limited bandwidth available to perform up- and downloads. A sudden unexpected traffic spike will result in *nobody* being able to get enough data from the server to do anything useful. The other likely scenario is that some form of load-balancing or DDOS-protection service used by the website detects the traffic spike and immediately just shuts down access - "Something fishy is going on here - *nobody* is getting in!".


Question: How does ointments you apply on the skin (eg Voltaren) affect muscles under the skin?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does ointments you apply on the skin (eg Voltaren) affect muscles under the skin?

The skin is the largest organ of the human body, and like other organ systems require the circulatory system to deliver nutrients and remove waste. The integumentary system, including the skin, is made up of several different layers, permeable to chemicals and other substances. Voltaren gel, chemically engineered to dissolve across the skin to the muscle, reducing inflammation at the target tissue.


Question: Why does our vision keep spinning even if we stopped moving?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does our vision keep spinning even if we stopped moving?

When you were spinning around, the fluid in your ears semi-circular canals kept moving around. The semicircular canals hold these tiny stones, otoliths, that shift when the fluid moves. These stone hit cilia, tiny hairs, in your ears that are sensitive to motion. When these hairs move, they send a signal to your brain that says motion is happening. Part of our balance is achieved by the ocular-vestibular (eye-ear) relationship (ever notice how it’s harder to stand on one foot with your eyes closed?). So, your eyes are trying to “correct” motion that your brain is being told is happening by your inner ear.


Question: why is it freezing in space if there is no matter in the vacuum to transfer body heat into?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is it freezing in space if there is no matter in the vacuum to transfer body heat into?

Heat can be transferred two basic ways. One is conduction, like when your body is in contact with cold air. As you realize, you need something to conduct the heat *to* for this to work. The other mechanism is radiation. Your body is constantly radiating infrared light, carrying away heat energy. (This is known as "black body radiation".) Black body radiation isn't all that fast, so freezing in outer space will take a bit of time. All objects that have a temperature above absolute zero will emit black body radiation, so this process will eventually freeze you, probably after you've died from some other issue like running out of oxygen to breathe.


Question: . What is happening in an acid to base chemical reaction? And why it's (usually)being done?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 . What is happening in an acid to base chemical reaction? And why it's (usually)being done?

Alright, I’m gonna use the most common simple example of this I can think of. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) (a base) mixed with Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) (An acid) When both of these things encounter water, they dissolve into ions, Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) turns into Na+ and OH-. Meaning that Na+ is missing an electron (hence its positive) and OH- has an extra electron (hence its negative) Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) turns into H+ and Cl-, H+ missing and electron and Cl- having an extra electron. These ions then match up with their pair from the other group, Na+ needs an electron, and Cl- has it, so they bond together and form NaCl, or plain old salt. The H+ and the OH- then pair up and bond together, and become H2O, or plain old water. All acid base reactions are essentially this, both things breaking down into their parts, and then those parts reacting together to form more stable things, Water (H2O) and a salt (in this case NaCl, the salt everyone is familiar with, but there are other kinds of salts with other atoms)


Question: How do scentless air freshening sprays (like Ozium) work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do scentless air freshening sprays (like Ozium) work?

You smell things because little particles move past/touch olfactory cells which send signals to the brain. In order to get pulled into your nose, these particles must be free floating in the air. When you spray a scentless air freshener like ozium, it envelops the particles in a material that doesn’t activate olfactory cells. The smelly things in the air are coated, so they can’t contact your olfactory cells.


Question: I saw a comment the other day that “steel forged before the nuclear age is very valuable.” and talked about the lengths they go to salvage old battleships etc. for steel made “before the Manhattan project.” What does this mean? How did nuclear testing permanently affect steel worldwide?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 I saw a comment the other day that “steel forged before the nuclear age is very valuable.” and talked about the lengths they go to salvage old battleships etc. for steel made “before the Manhattan project.” What does this mean? How did nuclear testing permanently affect steel worldwide?

To keep the topic simplified, the usage of nuclear weapons introduced trace amounts of radioactive isotopes (atoms) into the atmosphere. Because the process of producing iron involves air, it's impossible (or very expensive/difficult) to avoid a slight radioactive contamination of the finished iron. As such, steel produced before the era of nuclear weapons is very desirable for applications where little background radiation activity is required. [Wikipedia could probably also provide a better explanation]( URL_0 )


Question: When kicking a ball, how are we able to judge the power, curve, and dip required to hit a target in a split second?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 When kicking a ball, how are we able to judge the power, curve, and dip required to hit a target in a split second?

by muscle memory that comes from practicepracticepractice. if it's the first time you're kicking a ball with no reference, then you'll suck at hitting the target. after doing it over and over again, each time learning from the previous time, you get to start approximating how to kick it and how to hard to kick it.


Question: if fire/extreme heat can make/change weather patterns, is the same true for the cold?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 if fire/extreme heat can make/change weather patterns, is the same true for the cold?

Not likely. A fire is hundreds of degrees hotter than the surrounding air. That huge temperature difference means thermal energy is being passed to the air very quickly. You can't get a similar temperature difference going colder because: 1, we can't create cold the way we can with heat, and 2, You bump up against absolute 0 where EVERYTHING stops moving, at -459 degrees fahrenheit. Paper burns at 451 degrees above 0, and most fires are MUCH hotter than that.


Question: how does this picture work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does this picture work?

" P-cells help your eyes to see things in high detail but can see things moving quickly or if the contrast is low. M-cells on the other hand can see things in high speed and with low contrast but can’t make out fine details. By sitting still and focusing on the image you are using your P-cells. But when you shake your head, the P-cells fail to work and your eyes rely on their M-cells. Since the M-cells are more sensitive to low contrasts the embedded image can be more easily seen. In in effect, the more you focus on the picture, the less you’ll be able to see it. " From URL_0


Question: Why do web pages viewed on mobile devices keep changing layout as they load, and then change again just as you try to tap a link after it seems like they were finished loading?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do web pages viewed on mobile devices keep changing layout as they load, and then change again just as you try to tap a link after it seems like they were finished loading?

Main reason is asymetric loading of elements and bad programming. In detail: The main goal of a mobile page is to load as fast as possible. There are certain methods to achieve this. The two most important (for your question) are: 1) Load visible stuff first: The first things that will be loaded are things you see when you open the web page. Everything "below the fold" (below the point where you need to scroll to see it) will be loaded at a later point. 2) Load bigger elements later: Bigger elements, such as images, will be loaded last. So your initial page is loaded fast, and the rest comes at a later point. Now to your problem with the layout changes: Poor programming causes this. Normally you would place blank placeholders for big elements like images. For example: If you, as a programmer, know, that there is an image that is 500x500 pixel, you will reserve this 500x500 spot with a blank white space. So when the image loads (after the initial loading of the page) you can fill this blank space with the image, without destroying the layout. OR you could use two different image qualities. Like one really low quality (and low filesize) one that loads when you open the page (in case the image is in your "initial load view") and when this initial load is over, you use your "normal" bigger size image to replace the old one. Really sorry, for a non native speaker its kinda hard to explain this :( I hope you get my point.


Question: Why being in any pose in bed in the morning is so comfortable yet it takes time to find comfortable pose trying to sleep?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why being in any pose in bed in the morning is so comfortable yet it takes time to find comfortable pose trying to sleep?

When you’re trying to go to sleep the muscles in your body have yet to completely relax. If you stretch and/or meditate for a decent amount of time before bed you will feel more relaxed and be more comfortable. When you’re waking up your muscles have been resting all night, so you feel cozy.


Question: Why do US citizens pay taxes in a different way?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do US citizens pay taxes in a different way?

We pay a federal income tax that comes directly out of our paychecks. At the end of the year, we have to calculate exactly how much we were supposed to pay according to the current year's tax rate brackets, deduction/credit schedules, etc. If we under-paid, we owe the difference; if we over-paid, we get a refund. Aside from that, we pay state & local sales taxes when we purchase goods and services. Additionally, we pay property taxes if when own real estate (including our primary home). Out of curiosity, how is this different than what you are accustomed to?


Question: How does sugar, ice, dish soap and water clean stains from Tupperware?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does sugar, ice, dish soap and water clean stains from Tupperware?

Here is a great Reddit from a number of years ago about why oil and grease bond to plastic Tupperware: URL_0 It also explains why something like dish soap is a super effective agent for breaking the bonds between the grease and the plastic. The sugar is a great abrasive and sugar sticks to the surface of the the ice and bounces the sugar around in the dish enough to behave like dozens of tiny scrub pads. A wonderful way to descale a coffee pot is to fill it with ice, add a lemon slice or a few splashes of vinegar or a squeeze of lemon juice. Dump some salt in. Shake It vigorously. Dump it out. and you have a like-new coffee pot.


Question: Why does it cost taxpayers "millions of dollars" every time the US President plays golf?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does it cost taxpayers "millions of dollars" every time the US President plays golf?

The president plays golf at a Trump Resort. The Secret Service, the president's aides and staff all have to buy rooms to stay at the Trump Resort, many having to show up days in advance to ensure the safety of the location. In addition, the area around the resort needs security to check it and supervise it, which costs additional money. Previous presidents have used the already secured retreat at Camp David which was designed for that reason and doesn't require as much additional security.


Question: When you find something in picture (like Waldo), why is it so difficult to un-see it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 When you find something in picture (like Waldo), why is it so difficult to un-see it?

The neurology behind this is quite complex, so I will give you the psychological theory for this. If you want the neurology I can try, but it has to do with object regocnition through the visual ventral pathway (or stream), and spatial recognition via the Hippocampus (and many other areas). Psychologically, many people believe the brain strives to understand its surroundings. This, although, is only part of the story. The more accurate description is that the brain wants to PREDICT its surroundings. We would be shocked and fight/flight if a car suddenly started driving on the sidewalk, as we would have predicted a car to drive on the road. If we are on the road however, we might have good control and just jump to the side, as we were expecting it. So when you find Waldo, your brain actively wants to predict this. When you look at a new Waldo puzzle, it is likely one of the first places you will look is the same position on the page as the last one. Second, you might look for the same guy in a coat and a hat that was next to Waldo last time. And so it goes on, this is how and why we learn things. If we burn ourselves on the stove, the brain quickly learns to be careful around the stove, this is the same thing! Additional info, this can lead to something that Kahneman and Tversky (Nobel prize laureates) called heuristics and cognitive bias. Shortcuts for the brain to try and predict things through simplified measures. It's a massively interesting read, and "thinking fast and slow" is a fantastic book.


Question: Why do patents and copyrights expire? Who/what decides when they do? Is it fair to the inventor/creator and is there a way around it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do patents and copyrights expire? Who/what decides when they do? Is it fair to the inventor/creator and is there a way around it?

The idea for patents is this: We, the society (in form of the state) protect your invention from copying. In exchange, you make your invention public. So after the patent expires, everything can try to build it or improve it. You can also try to keep it secret, but then people who find out about your invention can build it without restriction. This is quite fair. For copyright, it expires decades after the author's death. So fir him/her it doesn't matter anymore. You could rather ask if it is fair to society that the children and grandchildren can still make lots of money from something they had no part in creating.


Question: Why does breathing fast make one light-headed? Doesn't it get more oxygen in your body?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does breathing fast make one light-headed? Doesn't it get more oxygen in your body?

So, this has very little to do with oxygen or CO2 in themselves and more to do with brain circulation. The brain is a constant oxygen using organ. It needs a near uninterrupted supply. The high levels of activity produce CO2 that can be a huge problem in a confined space like the cranium. So, the brain has an interesting method for CO2 removal: expand the blood vessels to remove it quicker and bring in more blood cells carrying oxygen. However, there is a balance of restricting and expanding blood vessels due to other issues. You can't just leave them maximally open all the time. Anyway, generally as CO2 levels rise, blood vessels in the brain expand. If CO2 is low then the vessels shrink restricting flow allowing CO2 to build to keep the balance. When you breathe really fast you are actually blowing off CO2 much quicker than you make it and this causes a drop in CO2 levels. The brain responds by constricting blood flow as the levels drop. This reduces total blood flow to the brain aka slowing down the arrival of fresh blood and oxygen. Dizziness is a side effect of this slowing of oxygen delivery.


Question: How do GFCI outlets work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do GFCI outlets work?

Great minds think alike. Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: How does a GFCI outlet protect me from electrocution better than the main breaker on the same circuit (or do I completely misunderstand why these are used near sinks and tubs). ]( URL_1 ) ^(_3 comments_) 1. [ELI5: GFCI vs. Surge Protectors vs. Grounds ]( URL_0 ) ^(_20 comments_)


Question: How do sail boats actually get to their destination and not just blown in some random direction?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do sail boats actually get to their destination and not just blown in some random direction?

These all touch on parts of the correct answer, but they are missing the crucial component - the keel. The keel is a big weight that hangs off the bottom of the sailboat. The wind on the sail tries to knock the boat over, the keel opposes that force, which allows the sideways force of the wind to translate into forward motion. A boat with no keel will just be blown sideways across the water and cant go in any direction except the direction of the wind. A boat with a keel can travel upwind to about 30 degrees either side of the wind direction. The opposing forces of the wind and the keel make this possible. Sailing upwind is more uncomfortable and less efficient than sailing downwind and the most efficient point of sail is actually moving about 90 degrees to the wind direction. It allows the fastest speed over ground and most comfortable seas conditions.


Question: Why is 24/25 fps okay for video but painfully low for gaming?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is 24/25 fps okay for video but painfully low for gaming?

It has to do with a difference in how the frames are formed. Individual movie frames are very blurry, but their blur isn't just a random fuzziness but instead something called "motion blur". That kind of blur contains information because it is formed from the movement of an object during the period of time the frame is being captured by the camera. Thus an individual frame of movie video contains information about the movement of objects during a short period of time, their relative speeds and paths. In contrast a gaming frame is calculated from a single instant of a complex simulation; while it takes time to calculate the image produced is of a theoretical instant. There is no possible difference of where an object was when the frame started to be captured and where it was after the frame was completed, and therefore true motion blur is impossible. Movie frames therefore contain more information than computer game rendered frames and tend to "connect" better than those from the computer as the motion blur paths connect between frames rather than jumping in short movements.


Question: Why do we hear better when it's dark?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we hear better when it's dark?

During the day, the atmosphere is being bombarded by gamma rays and other electromagnetic radiation from the Sun. This infuses the air with ions. These ions act as reactive inductors which are basically tiny magnets that settle in the eardrum and dampen the electrical signals that tiny ear follicles (hairs) send to the brain. The brain receives dampened signals = less sound = you have to turn up the TV. At night, of course, these ions dissipate at an effluviant log-log rate so 50% by 1 hour after sundown, 25% after 2 hours, 12.5% after 3 hours, etc. Other variables (like humidity, rain, wind) generally increase that rate of dispersion.


Question: Does liquid neon have the same conductive properties as gaseous neon?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Does liquid neon have the same conductive properties as gaseous neon?

neon conducts electricity only when you ionize the atoms, that is remove some of the electrons. The gas itself won't conduct electricity, just like how normal air doesn't conduct electricity but when there's a large enough electric field you can get lightning. Its the same basic principle. Basically you have to put neon into a plasma state where electrons aren't bound to atoms. Since neon is a noble gas to make it a liquid to begin with is pretty hard, it has to be cooled down to around thirty degrees celsius above absolute zero. What's more the stuff holding the atoms together in a liquid is a very weak interaction of the electron structures of the neon, the van der waals force. If you removed electrons away from the atomic cores then the atoms wouldn't be bound to one another as a liquid. So liquid neon doesn't conduct electricity, and in fact gaseous neon doesn't either.


Question: Why is the inflation target a range of 2-3%? What is bad about it dropping below this range?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the inflation target a range of 2-3%? What is bad about it dropping below this range?

The economy is all about people spending money and money changing hands, which is affected by inflation. Imagine you have £100 or $100 in your hand. With that £100 you want to buy a load of things. Due to steady inflation, that same amount of money is less powerful the longer you hold on to it. If you know the things will slightly increase in cost over time, then it means you have a reason to spend the money now, benefitting businesses, rather than later. Money changes hands and the economy keeps working. If you know the things will get cheaper over time (deflation, negative inflation) then you may wish to hold on to your money and wait until you can buy more things with that money. If everyone did this, money would stop changing hands and the economy would break, putting lots of people out of business and out of jobs.


Question: What does MSG do and why are most people so scared of it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does MSG do and why are most people so scared of it?

Sugar is sweet, acid is sour, salt is salty, MSG is umami: the savoury flavour of cheese, meat, mushrooms and so on. People are afraid of it because of flawed science and alarmism based on little more than a single letter written in 1968 to the New England Journal of Medicine. Repeated studies have shown no ill effects from eating MSG, other than for those who are specifically sensitive to glutamates.


Question: Why do so many animal species have a "mating season", but not humans?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do so many animal species have a "mating season", but not humans?

When you live outside, you have to plan the birth of your babies for a certain time of year so that * they don't freeze to death, with their tiny furless bodies, and * there's enough food available to keep them going as they're growing We have enough control of our environment and food supply that we don't need to roll that way. (I don't know if our ancestors used to bang seasonally, but there's no selection pressure for it anymore.)