Question: What did Access Fund and RCA do to help protect Rumney's Northwest Crags? Respond in 439 words.

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 What did Access Fund and RCA do to help protect Rumney's Northwest Crags? Respond in 439 words.

Rumney Climber’s Association (RCA) and Access Fund are excited to announce that we have completed the second phase of protecting Rumney’s Northwest Crags (aka the Final Frontier). In just under a year, the climbing community rallied to raise over $100,000, and RCA now owns the 85-acre property. Access Fund provided RCA with two loans to cover the gap in the purchase price, which RCA will pay back after they transfer the property to White Mountain National Forest.
The Final Frontier property extends half a mile along Buffalo Road and gains 600 feet up the forested slopes of Rattlesnake Mountain. It featured the final set of privately owned climbing resources at Rumney—including Northwest Territories, Buffalo Pit, Northwest Passage, Prudential, Asylum, and the western portion of the Black Jack Boulders. This latest acquisition extends Access Fund and RCA’s legacy of land protection at Rumney, which began in 1994 when Access Fund purchased Meadows, 5.8 Crag, Monsters, and the main parking area, which we later transferred to the US Forest Service (USFS) for long term protection.
In January of 2016, Access Fund lent RCA $10,000 to secure an Option Agreement on the property, giving them one year and the sole right to purchase the property. The two organizations worked together to launch a large-scale fundraising campaign to raise $300,000 to purchase the property and make stewardship improvements. The climbing community stepped up in a big way: the Appalachian Mountain Club’s (AMC) New Hampshire Chapter & Mountaineering Committee and Boston Chapter & Mountaineering Committee collectively donated over $40,000 to match and fuel additional donations. We extend our gratitude to each and every individual, group, climbing gym, and company that donated!
Access Fund provided RCA with a second loan of $110,000 from its Climbing Conservation Loan Program to finalize the fundraising and allow RCA to apply more funds towards stewardship improvements.
Now that the purchase is complete, RCA will take advantage of its short-term ownership by constructing a new parking area, toilet, and trail system to the Northwest Crags. These improvements will help alleviate crowding at the main parking area and crags.
For the final phase of this project, Access Fund will help RCA transfer the property to the USFS within the next two years for permanent conservation. The USFS, with support from RCA and Access Fund, is seeking federal funding from the Land and Water Conservation Fund to complete the hold and transfer, match climbers’ donations, and return loan funds so that Access Fund can re-invest the Climbing Conservation Loan money to protect other important climbing areas around the country.
Thanks for the generous support and stay tuned for updates and volunteer opportunities.


Question: Provide a summary of open defecation around the world.

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 Provide a summary of open defecation around the world.

In many countries worldwide, there is still a chronic lack of toilets, driving people to defecate outdoors. In fact, just under a billion people still practice open defecation across the globe and it's a problem that results in widespread disease and millions of deaths. In 2015, the UN called for an end to open defecation by 2030 and some countries such as Vietnam have had considerable success eradicating it.
Others are still struggling, however, as the following map clearly illustrates. According to the most recent World Bank data which is from 2015, 40 percent of people in India still defecate outdoors. It is also common across Africa where the highest rates were recorded. Eritrea has the highest rate at 76 percent, followed by Niger (71 percent) and Chad (68 percent).
Shre of the population practicing open defecation in 2015.


Question: Have you heard about the sea otters?

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 Have you heard about the sea otters?

How cute is the sea otter! They are a marine mammal which can be found on the coasts of the Northern Pacific Ocean and are the largest member of the weasel family. They have the densest fur in the whole animal kingdom, ranging from 250,000 to one million hairs per square inch. Now that’s a lot of fur!
There are a lot of different interesting sea otter facts, but the most talked about is how sea otters hold hands when they sleep. So, why do they do this?
Sea otters will often float in groups (called rafts) whilst they eat, rest and sleep. A raft of otters can be anything from two otters to hundreds! And, whilst they are rafting, it is well known that they will all hold hands to stay together in their group. Also, the sea otter will use sea plants that grow from the ocean floor which they will wrap themselves up in, which helps keep them from drifting away.


Question: Who was John Low/Lowe?

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 Who was John Low/Lowe?

John Low or John Lowe was a medieval Bishop of St Asaph and Bishop of Rochester, in England.
Low was consecrated Bishop of St Asaph on 1 November 1433 and translated to Rochester on 22 April 1444.


Question: Could you please explain how to implement Dependency Injection pattern using Dagger 2?

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 Could you please explain how to implement Dependency Injection pattern using Dagger 2?

The main purpose of Dependency Injection pattern which is implemented by Dagger 2 is that DI separates the creation of a client’s dependencies from the client’s behavior. In practice it means that all calls of new operator, newInstance() and others shouldn’t be invoked in places other than Dagger’s Modules.
The purpose of this post is to show what we can do, not what we should do. That’s why it’s important to know what we give in return for separating creation from behavior. If you want to use Dagger 2 for almost everything in your project you will quickly see that big piece of 64k methods count limit is used by generated code for injections.
And with this approach we act against DI and profits given by it. Calling Adapter constructor inside Activity class means that every time when we need to change something in its implementation (new constructor argument, maybe completely new implementation which shows grid instead of list), we have to update Activity code.
Sometimes taking a shortcut like this is intended (we know that this code won’t be extended more in the future). But today we’ll try to make all adapter related code a part of dependency injection approach. As an example we’ll extend our GithubClient app - its screen which shows list of repositories for given username.
To make it more complex and closer to real apps our Adapter will have three different view types: normal, extended and featured.
Here you can see starting code base for our example. For me this is how the first iteration of implemented Adapter looks like in most cases.
It’s not as straightforward as in previous example. As you can see our ViewHolders have mandatory argument which is View object (RecyclerView.ViewHolder class has only one constructor: public ViewHolder(View itemView)). It means that every time when we want to create new object, we need to provide view (which is created during runtime so we cannot configure this in advance in Module classes).
This problem is known as an Assisted Injection and was wider described on StackOverflow and Dagger Discuss group.
Final solution (until there is no official way of doing this in Dagger 2 framework) is to inject Factory object which takes those dependencies as an arguments and creates intended object. In mentioned StackOverflow thread you can see how to do this by hand, but also Google provides us a solution to generate those factories automatically.
Now our code is a bit cleaner but still we call constructors inside it.
Final step in our refactoring is to initialize our Factory objects in Module class to get rid of constructors calls in Adapter class. We can simply inject them as a RepositoriesListAdapter constructor parameters. But it would mean that every time when we decide to add/remove new type of ViewHolder we still would need to update Adapter code by hand.
Instead we can make use from Multibinding. Thanks to this feature Dagger allows us to bind several objects into a collection (even when the objects are bound in different modules).
No constructors, no if-else statements. Everything is done by proper Dagger graph configuration.
And that’s all - our adapter and its ViewHolders are now a part of Dagger 2 graph. We are another step closer to inject everything in our code. With AutoFactory and Multibinding it will be much simpler.
Full source code of described project GithubClient is available on Github repository.


Question: Describe the effects of a large U.S.-Russian nuclear war on the environment.

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 Describe the effects of a large U.S.-Russian nuclear war on the environment.

Following a large U.S.-Russian nuclear war, enormous fires created by nuclear explosions in cities and industrial areas cause 150 million tons of smoke to be lofted high into the stratosphere. The smoke is quickly spread around the world and forms a dense smoke layer around both Hemispheres; the smoke will remain in the stratosphere for many years and act to block sunlight from reaching the surface of the Earth. New studies predict this level of stratospheric smoke deposition will still be possible even after planned reductions in U.S.-Russian nuclear arsenals are completed under the SORT Treaty in 2012.
The smoke blocks up to 70% of the sunlight from reaching the Earth's surface in the Northern Hemisphere, and up to 35% of the sunlight is also blocked in the Southern Hemisphere.
A mass extinction event would occur, similar to what happened 65 million years ago, when the dinosaurs were wiped out following a large asteroid impact with Earth (70% of species became extinct, including all animals greater than 25 kilograms in weight).


Question: Respond in 9 sentences. Describe the Gitxsan people.

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 Respond in 9 sentences. Describe the Gitxsan people.

Gitxsan (also spelled Gitksan) are an indigenous people of Canada whose home territory comprises most of the area known as the Skeena Country in English (Git: means "people of" and Xsan: means "the River of Mist"). Gitksan territory encompasses approximately of land, from the basin of the upper Skeena River from about Legate Creek to the Skeena's headwaters and its surrounding tributaries. Part of the Tsimshianic language group, their culture is considered to be part of the civilization of the Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, although their territory lies in the Interior rather than on the Coast. They were at one time also known as the "Interior Tsimshian", a term which also included the Nisga'a, the Gitxsan's neighbours to the north. Their neighbours to the west are the Tsimshian (a.k.a. the Coast Tsimshian) while to the east the Wetʼsuwetʼen, an Athapaskan people, with whom they have a long and deep relationship and shared political and cultural community.
Gitxsan are a matrilineal society that consists of Frog, Eagle, Wolf, and Fireweed Clans. Each clan consists of a series of independent Houses (Wilp), each with their own High Chief, and traditional territories and fishing sites. Marriage within a clan is forbidden.


Question: Describe the situation involving the Iranian cancer researcher Dr. Mohsen Dehnavi's detention at Logan International Airport.

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 Describe the situation involving the Iranian cancer researcher Dr. Mohsen Dehnavi's detention at Logan International Airport.

Dr. Mohsen Dehnavi, who holds a visiting work visa and is linked with Boston Children’s Hospital (above), was not allowed into the country.
An Iranian cancer researcher traveling to Massachusetts to work at Boston Children’s Hospital was detained Tuesday at Logan International Airport along with his wife and children for several hours before being sent back.
The detention of Dr. Mohsen Dehnavi, who holds a visiting work visa, comes two weeks after the Supreme Court ruled that the Trump administration could partially enforce an executive order banning people from six Muslim-majority countries, including Iran, from entering the United States. But US Customs and Border Protection said that the detention and return were unrelated to the order.
“This individual was deemed inadmissible to the US based on information discovered during the [customs] inspection for reasons unrelated to the Executive Order,” the agency said in a prepared statement.
“In order to demonstrate that they are admissible, the applicant must overcome ALL grounds of inadmissibility including health-related grounds, criminality, security reasons, public charge, labor certification, illegal entrants and immigration violations, documentation requirements, and miscellaneous grounds,” the agency said.
“As is customary with individuals denied entry to the US, they will depart on the next scheduled flight,” the statement read.
Boston Children’s said in a statement Tuesday that Dehnavi “is a visiting research scholar on a J-1 visa coming to Boston Children’s with his wife and three children.” The hospital said it had “limited information” about the circumstances of Dehnavi’s detention. In the same statement, Children’s also held out hope that Dehnavi and his family would be allowed to stay.
Stephanie Malin, a spokeswoman for Customs and Border Patrol confirmed Dehnavi and his family were put on a return flight around 9 p.m.
A photo of Mohsen Dehnavi's visa.
told STAT, a publication owned by Boston Globe Media Partners, that airport officials told him that the family would need to complete additional paperwork in Iran.
“I don’t really know what the source of the problem is,” said Rashidian, who told STAT he was supposed to pick the family up from the airport on Monday afternoon.
Officials with Attorney General Maura Healey’s office said they were in touch with Massport, the agency that runs Logan, and Boston Children’s.
Felice Freyer, Danny McDonald, and Travis Andersen of the Globe staff contributed to this report. Mark Arsenault can be reached at mark.arsenault@globe.com. Follow him on Twitter @bostonglobemark.


Question: Respond in 23 sentences. What is the complete story surrounding the assassination of Orlando Letelier and Ronni Moffitt?

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 Respond in 23 sentences. What is the complete story surrounding the assassination of Orlando Letelier and Ronni Moffitt?

Obama now has an opportunity to commemorate his victims by releasing the still-secret documents that hold the Chilean dictator accountable.
January 1987 State Department memo on Letelier to the American consulate in Rio.
On the evening of January 21, 1987, the CIA’s deputy director for covert operations, Clair George, sent a secure pouch to the State Department filled with “top secret” intelligence cables from the agency’s station in Chile. The reports contained details from “extremely sensitive informants” on “the cover up directed by General Pinochet” of the September 21, 1976, assassination of former Chilean ambassador Orlando Letelier and his 25-year-old colleague, Ronni Moffitt, in Washington, DC.
The documents were intended to help the State Department prepare a debriefing of Armando Fernández Larios, one of the officers of the Chilean secret police, or DINA, who had been sent to Washington to conduct surveillance on Letelier before his assassination, and who now wanted to confess and come to the United States. The CIA cables were so sensitive, according to Francis McNeil, the State Department official who received them, that “the CIA asked that they be summarized” rather than forwarded to Brazil, where the debriefing was scheduled to take place.
Shultz’s dramatic memo to Reagan was among the more than 280 documents declassified by the Obama administration last October as a special diplomatic gesture to the Chilean government of President Michelle Bachelet. Forty years after this act of state-sponsored terrorism in the streets of Washington, the historiography had finally, if not fully, arrived at Pinochet’s doorstep.
Washington officials, along with members of Letelier’s family and friends, had always assumed that Pinochet was the mastermind of this atrocity. “There was no way [DINA chief Manuel] Contreras could have ordered this without Pinochet’s approval,” McNeil recalls. In 1978, as the United States began pushing for the extradition of Contreras, his deputy Pedro Espinoza, and Fernández Larios, the CIA station in Chile began sending detailed intelligence on Pinochet’s personal efforts to block any investigation or extradition. In a June 23, 1978, report on Pinochet’s “strategy” with respect to the Letelier case, the CIA noted that the dictator would seek to “protect Manuel Contreras from successful prosecution,” “stonewall further requests from the US government,” and “continue to ‘lobby’ [Chilean] Supreme Court Justices” to reject all requests for extradition. After Fernández Larios was spirited out of Chile by US officials, they learned that Pinochet had personally ordered him to stay silent and remain in the country.
Yet neither Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, nor George H.W. Bush ever moved to formally investigate and indict Pinochet. Only after the former dictator was detained in London in 1998 under the European Anti-Terrorism Convention did the Clinton White House decide to open an official investigation. In April and May of 2000, a team of FBI, Justice Department, and State Department investigators and lawyers traveled to Chile to gather evidence. The FBI concluded there was enough to warrant an indictment, but the case was never pursued by the incoming administration of George W. Bush—even as the fight against international terrorism came to define his presidential tenure.
In lieu of the now-impossible prosecution of Pinochet, who died in 2006, the historical record is the only venue left in which to indict and judge him. But that record remains incomplete. The CIA still refuses to declassify its 1987 intelligence summary on Pinochet’s role. Nor have the FBI recommendations and the paper trail of evidence generated by the Clinton-era investigation been released. As family and friends, along with Chilean President Bachelet, gather at the site of the murders 40 long years later, the Obama administration also has the opportunity to commemorate Letelier and Moffitt—by releasing the still-secret documents that hold accountable those responsible for their murders.


Question: Describe the new album from Justice, "Woman".

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 Describe the new album from Justice, "Woman".

Jus†ice’s third studio album, ‘Woman’, sees Xavier de Rosnay and Gaspard Augé return with an album that’s one part fan service, and two parts romantic disco odyssey.
The Parisian duo have built up something of a passionate, if a little demanding, fanbase over their 14 year career, and it’s split right down the middle. On one side you’ve got fans who want the duo to make Cross-sounding bangers all day, and anything else is pure sacrilege. Then there’s the other half who simply wants something new, something fresh and exciting. And that’s where the Jus†ice conundrum comes into focus; whatever direction they go, they’re always going to leave some fans behind, and that’s what happened with ‘Audio Video Disco’ to an extent. Most fans, quite understandably, felt that Audio Video Disco’s dad rock veneer simply just wasn’t Justice-y enough, and the duo’s new direction was neither exciting or fresh.
That’s the first wrong that de Rosnay and Augé put right: ‘Woman’ sounds like the Justice we all know and love again. But even more impressive is the way they’ve gone about delivering a bit of much needed fan service alongside a new, more wholesome disco sound. There are huge nods to their early work with propulsive tracks like ‘Chorus’ & ‘Alakazam’. Then with ‘Safe and Sound’ & ‘Heavy Metal’ you’ve got two wonderfully grandiose homages to the duo’s iconic track, ‘Planisphere’. And better yet, with ‘Fire’ and ‘Stop’ you’ve basically got two tracks that sound like long-lost Justice remixes, circa 2005.
‘Woman’ won’t satisfy everyone, it never could, but overall it sounds like de Rosnay and Augé have made a concerted effort to make an album that looks to unite rather than divide, and from that perspective it can only really be seen as a real return to form. And when the duo finally brings this new material into the live setting, presumably next year, we should be looking at another career-defining live show from the mercurial Parisian duo known as Jus†ice.
Jus†ice’s ‘Woman’ is out November 18 worldwide via Ed Banger Records.


Question: Who is the best defender ever?

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 Who is the best defender ever?

In the third part of our series, Paul Doyle selects his best defenders.
Outstanding defenders are like dancing postmen. We tend to notice them for their endeavours beyond their day jobs rather than for their diligent execution of the mundane. The most acclaimed defenders, then, are usually the ones who are best at attacking.
For a decade starting from the mid-90s Roberto Carlos was widely hailed as the world's best defender, primarily for his thrilling forward runs and ferocious, haphazard shooting, though it is true that his exceptional speed also often enabled him to recover from basic defensive negligence.
Buccaneering full-backs have been bounding out of Brazil for over 50 years and it is difficult to determine who has been the best, especially if you're too young to have seen Nílton Santos, Djalma Santos and Carlos Alberto in action. Cafu was explosive going forward and also immaculate in defence as well as extremely durable, giving him the edge over Roberto Carlos and Maicon.
Brazil, of course, do not have a monopoly on exciting full-backs. Throughout the 1960s Giacinto Facchetti dazzled fans of Italy and Internazionale, Paul Breitner was a potent part of the formidable West Germany side of the 1970s and 80s before being succeeded by the wonderful Andreas Brehme, and Denis Irwin excelled defensively and offensively for club and country both on the left and the right. The bustling Bixente Lizarazu, in addition to defending solidly, contributed greatly to French attacking even if he, like Ashley Cole, seldom went so far as to score.
If they are some of the most eye-catching full-backs ever, then one of the most formidable solely in defensive terms must be Argentina and Internazionale's Javier Zanetti, who could rarely be described as an attacking force even when stationed in midfield.
Italy are proud of their defensive heritage and Giuseppe Bergomi, like Zanetti, is another defender who aspired to being nothing more glamorous than an impeccable cog even when playing in midfield, as he did when, as an 18-year-old, he helped Italy to the 1982 World Cup. Except when Spurs come to town.
There he played in front of Claudio Gentile, who had previously negated Diego Maradona when deployed in midfield as a specialist man-marker. In the final Gentile served as a stopper in the mould of La Grande Inter's Aristide Guarneri. Later the Italy and Milan defence would be marshalled by Franco Baresi, perhaps the ultimate no-frills defender even though he was was never as fearsome as Gentile, his rarefied instinct meaning he intercepted rather than intimidated.
The elegant half of Italy's central defensive pairing in 1982 was Gaetano Scirea, who at times throughout the 70s and early 80s played the role of imperious libero as well as Franz Beckenbauer. Laurent Blanc came close to replicating that in the 90s.
One current player who shares those illustrious predecessors' ability to head off opposing attacks and lead ones by his own team is Lúcio, who, furthermore, seems more powerful and agile than any of the bygone trio. However, even he suffers in comparison with the captain and inspiration of Uruguay's 1950 World Cup winners, if accounts of Obdulio Varela's performances throughout the 40s and 50s are to be believed.
Blanc, of course, was a cornerstone of the great France defence of 1998, a quartet less celebrated but more successful than the country's fabled 'magic square' midfield of the 80s. The excellence of Lilian Thuram, Marcel Desailly, Blanc and Lizarazu is one reason that it is right and proper to ridicule any giddy Londoner who pops up here to rage against our lack of garlands for Messers Dixon, Adams, Bould and Winterburn.
As for Paolo Maldini, his enduring renown can to a large extent be attributed to an instinct far more hollow than the understandable tendency to appreciate a defender's attacking prowess more than his defensive fortitude. It was his handsomeness, more than his performances, that lead to him being held in higher esteem than more effective peers such as Jürgen Kohler. Maldini was a very good player, not a great player (indeed, at Euro 96 he was made to look a very goofy player by Karel Poborsky, no less). Essentially, Maldini was a dishy Gary Neville. The defensive David Beckham.
Cafu (Brazil), Lúcio (Brazil), Beckenbauer (West Germany), Lizarazu (France).


Question: Describe the work of Suzanne Simard.

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 Describe the work of Suzanne Simard.

Suzanne Simard studies the complex, symbiotic networks in our forests.
A professor of forest ecology at the University of British Columbia's Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences in Vancouver, Suzanne Simard studies the surprising and delicate complexity in nature. Her main focus is on the below-ground fungal networks that connect trees and facilitate underground inter-tree communication and interaction. Her team's analysis revealed that the fungi networks move water, carbon and nutrients such as nitrogen between and among trees as well as across species. The research has demonstrated that these complex, symbiotic networks in our forests -- at the hub of which stand what she calls the "mother trees" -- mimic our own neural and social networks. This groundbreaking work on symbiotic plant communication has far-reaching implications in both the forestry and agricultural industries, in particular concerning sustainable stewardship of forests and the plant’s resistance to pathogens. She works primarily in forests, but also grasslands, wetlands, tundra and alpine ecosystems.


Question: Describe the Songkran revelers celebrating in Bangkok during April 2014.

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 Describe the Songkran revelers celebrating in Bangkok during April 2014.

Songkran revelers celebrate April 2014 on Khaosan Road in Bangkok.
BANGKOK — The Thai New Year festival, or Songkran, will be as fun as ever despite the ongoing mourning period for His Majesty the Late King, a top tourism official said Friday.
In Bangkok, the usual festivities will play out on Khaosan and Silom roads as usual, and state-sponsored events will be held nationwide for the festival’s days, which fall April 13 to 15, said Yuthasak Supasorn, governor of the Tourism Authority of Thailand, though he added that revelers are advised to observe customs and behave appropriately.


Question: Respond in 1 sentences. What was the career of Preston Remington?

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 Respond in 1 sentences. What was the career of Preston Remington?

Preston Remington (1897–1958) was an American art historian who served as a curator at the Metropolitan Museum of Art between 1923 and 1958.


Question: Describe Max's interview on MVP's current success in the LCK.

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 Describe Max's interview on MVP's current success in the LCK.

MVP Max: "In the current meta, Kalista isn’t that good alone, but she’s good with with Thresh."
In the second match of 2018 LCK Summer Split Day 8, MVP defeated SKT T1 2-1 and collected their second win (2 losses). In this match, Jeong “Max” Jong-bin picked Thresh in Game 3 and showed some excellent grabs to lead the team’s victory.
The following is the interview with Max.
Q. You’re 2-2 now. How do you feel?
The picks & bans for Game 1 had a lot of players’ opinions in it, but we lost. Starting from Game 2, our head coach’s opinion was prioritized. I think that’s why we were able to win.
Q. You haven’t won against SKT many times. How did you prepare for the match?
Mostly SKT T1 started their well known main members, but they were playing solo queue during scrim time. So we predicted that new faces will appear and prepared the picks & bans for them.
Q. You still lost Game 1. Why do you think you lost?
It was my bad, playing Fiddlesticks. (Laughs) It’s good to seal the lead with Fiddlesticks, but difficult to create variables when trailing. We were able to win from Game 2 because I didn’t play Fiddlesticks.
Q. It wasn’t that easy in Game 3, too. Were you confident that you’ll win?
Since we picked Sejuani, we thought that we’ll win if we can win in teamfights. The early game wasn’t good but we weren’t intimidated.
Q. The Kalista - Thresh duo was interesting. How are they in the current meta?
It’s good to counter when the opponent has a charging comp. In the current meta, Kalista isn’t that good alone, but she’s good with with Thresh. Kalista should be picked last if you’re planning to play her.
Q. Many different champions can appear at support. Which champion do you think will appear?
Pyke is appearing a lot in the top ranked solo queue, and I’m practicing him a lot. I think he can see more play any time.
Q. Your next opponent is Jin Air Green Wings, who is on a losing streak. How do you think it will go?
We can never be relaxed. We’ll prepare well since Jin Air has ‘Great General’ Teddy.
Q. Many fans predicted that this meta will go well with MVP. How do you think your record is?
Our team always prepares many different champions. If one or two players do that, it’s alright, but since everyone is playing too many champions, we lacked depth in a single champion. I think that’s why our results weren’t good.
I really want to thank all the fans that always cheer for us and trust us. There are really a lot of picks we want to try, and I want to also thank the coaching staff that are suffering because of that.


Question: Describe the political situation in North Carolina involving the Bathroom Bill.

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 Describe the political situation in North Carolina involving the Bathroom Bill.

Last week, the White House issued a directive as a national response to the lawsuit and counter-suit the state of North Carolina and the Department of Justice (DOJ) have filed against each other over the infamous “Bathroom Bill,” better known as HB2, which requires that transgender people in the state use the bathroom corresponding to their biological gender assigned at birth, instead of the gender they self-identify with.
In the wake of this standoff, several other conservatively dominated states appear poised to pass similar legislation.
On Thursday, two pieces of legislation were filed seeking to challenge the authority of the federal government to intervene regarding state-sanctioned discrimination.
“We are going to do everything we can to protect our women and children,” the senator added.
The bill is on extremely tenuous ground, since Obama’s original letter offers “non-binding guidance” and explicitly lacked the force of law.
“In a time when our state is facing an unprecedented economic crisis, our lawmakers should be focused on righting the ship rather than stigmatizing transgender youth,” said Troy Stevenson, the executive director of LGBT advocacy group Freedom Oklahoma.


Question: What can you tell me about the Burnt City in Iran?

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 What can you tell me about the Burnt City in Iran?

Tehran, Jan. 31 (Iranian Cultural Heritage News Agency) - An Ancient ruler with half a millimeter precision was discovered in the Burnt City, Sistan-Baluchistan, southeast of Iran.
The Burnt City which is located a few kilometers out of Zabol, Sistan-Baluchistan province, dates back to some 5000 years ago and belongs to a developed civilization living at the time when cities of the world were just beginning to form.
Recent excavations in the archeological site of the Burnt City led to the discovery of a ruler with millimeter measurement units. Experts believe now that the ancient residents of the city used precise units for measurements and was skilled in areas of mathematics and geometry.
"During the recent excavations, we found a piece of ebony wood 10-centimeter long with some cuts which have evidently been made with a sharp tool. After carrying out the necessary tests and studying the wood under microscope, we found out that the cuts were divided in one millimeter and half millimeter measures," head of the excavation team, Dr. Mansour Sajjadi, told CHN.
The piece of wood has therefore been identified as a ruler used in subtle industrial works of the city. Its measurement precision (one millimeter and half a millimeter) indicates that mathematics and geometry were developed at that time.
Sajjadi believes that people have had other tools for measurement, but the discovered ruler was used in their subtle works such as jewelry creating, in which they were skillful.
So far many valuable items, including one of the first examples of animation and backgammon, have been discovered there.


Question: Describe Cineplex's new event cinema on the North Shore.

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 Describe Cineplex's new event cinema on the North Shore.

Metro Vancouver will have a second Cineplex theatre devoted to event-based cinema—this time on the North Shore.
Today (August 31), Cineplex announced that Cineplex Odeon Park and Tilford Cinemas, located at 200–333 Brooksbank Avenue in North Vancouver, will become dedicated to one-night-only and series-based screenings.
The format will be like the event cinema at Cambie Street's Park Theatre.
The theatre is one of 10 new event screens across the country that will add up to a total of 22 Cineplex event-based cinemas.
Screenings will include theatre, music concerts, classic films, dance, family entertainment, anime, travel, Met Opera performances, limited engagement presentations, holiday programming, archival TV series episodes, and more.
Cineplex event cinema vice-president Brad LaDouceur explained in a news release that the change is in response to increase demand for event cinema programming.
family films, such as E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial and Show Dogs, and classics like Psycho.
Also on the North Shore, in May 2017, Cineplex announced that it is developing a new multiplex at West Vancouver's Park Royal Shopping Centre which will span over 44,000 square feet, will include adults-only VIP Cinemas, and is slated to open later this year.


Question: What is the nature of the relationship between Pakistan and Jordan?

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 What is the nature of the relationship between Pakistan and Jordan?

Jordan–Pakistan relations are the bilateral relations embedded between the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Pakistan maintains an embassy in Amman whilst Jordan has an embassy in Islamabad.


Question: "It seems like no matter how much rain there is in other parts of Houston, it never reaches my house! Looks like there's another dry spell coming - what are your predictions for the rest of the week?"

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 "It seems like no matter how much rain there is in other parts of Houston, it never reaches my house! Looks like there's another dry spell coming - what are your predictions for the rest of the week?"

July was a fairly wet month for the region—most of the area saw about 100 to 200 percent of normal rainfall levels—and August looks to start out the same. This is the time of year when we worry most about drought in southeast Texas, but happily that seems unlikely to be a problem this year. Here’s a look at our wet week ahead.
Atmospheric moisture levels have surged across the area, and we should see the development of widespread showers and thunderstorms later this morning, and they should continue on and off throughout the afternoon and evening hours. While much of the area should see 0.5 to 2 inches of rain, and isolated areas could see a bit more, I don’t think there will be enough precipitation to cause more than street flooding. Highs should remain in the upper 80s due to clouds and rain.
More atmospheric disturbances should move in from the northwest to end the work week, and with atmospheric moisture remaining high we can expect to remain in a gray, wet pattern. I don’t anticipate showers will be quite so widespread as on Wednesday, however. Look for highs of around 90 degrees. If you’re planning outdoor activities on Saturday, it won’t be a total washout, but you’re definitely going to have to keep an eye out for scattered showers.
Are you bummed about the prospect of showers over the weekend? The alternative is essentially what the region experienced last weekend, when high temperatures reached 100 degrees for all but coastal areas. That is what happens at this time of year under full sunshine.
Perhaps the best chance for “drier” weather will come on Sunday, when rain chances fall back into the 20 to 30 percent chance. Highs around 90 degrees under mostly cloudy skies.
The forecast looks a bit warmer to open next week, with partly sunny skies and high temperatures in the low 90s. But it still looks like some healthy rain chances will hang around at least through the middle part of next week.
A question about this weekends front: Was it a late spring front or an early fall front? Is there a difference? The reason I am asking is if the mechanisms are in place to bring fronts down now does this predict an earlier cooler fall?
I don’t think this is predictive of earlier fall fronts, but it certainly can’t hurt.
Seems like my house on the west side has a permanent high pressure system above it. We only got rain 1 or 2 days in July for a few minutes even though Houston was getting rain every day it seemed. Hopefully August has a turn around for us. The yellow grass needs it!
Yea. We had 3″ early in July then almost nil since then. The storms seem to split over us and then reform once they pass.
Some pretty serious thunder down here on the bay. I’d rather have a “wetter” summer compared to the dry ones we’ve had!! It’s good for my plants!
July – “most of the area saw about 100 to 200 percent of normal rainfall levels” Wide areas of The Woodlands were dry as a bone. Several times, rain fell in buckets a couple miles away but dry as a bone near my house. MUDs were saying “no irrigation needed” when my lawn and gardens were crying for water. The rest of this is an attempt at humor.
Sometimes you eat the bear, sometimes the bear eats you.
Will you comment on your predictions for Galveston beach this weekend, particularly on Saturday. Do you think there will be any dry part of the day? Thanks!
Rain chances are probably a little lower during the morning than the afternoon. Either way I’m not expecting much rain, so you should be OK for the most part as any showers won’t last too long.
Seriously?!? Nothing but a few spits here by 59/San Jacinto river!! Nada, zip, zilch …and we really need the rain. Hate to see the rain chances declining for the rest of the week.


Question: Please provide a description of the March 6 Day of Action at Princeton. Respond in 9 sentences.

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 Please provide a description of the March 6 Day of Action at Princeton. Respond in 9 sentences.

Thank you for attending the Day of Action!
To join us in future actions and contribute feedback on the day’s events, click here.
March 6 is a campus-wide day of conversation and action at Princeton. This day is an opportunity to put routine aside, so as to focus on learning from each other about the challenges that we face in this country and around the world. We ask what these challenges mean for us, as a community devoted to scholarship, the use of knowledge for the common good, and the ideals of equality, diversity, freedom, democracy, and justice.
March 6 will be a day of town-hall sessions and focused teach-ins at Frist Campus Center, with the morning dedicated to an investigation of the problems, and the afternoon to their solutions. We have 64 teach-ins facilitated by professors, students, and alumni, as well as 13 University and local organizations tabling.
Read the March 6 call. Facebook event page.


Question: What is happening in Cizre?

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 What is happening in Cizre?

Around 60 people have reportedly been killed in the basement of a building in the southeastern Kurdish town of Cizre during a military raid which, according to state media, was conducted to neutralize PKK fighters.
The Turkish army conducted the raid to allegedly clear out a basement in the town where it claimed high-profile Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) terrorists had holed up, according to local media.
Loud explosions were reported in the area on Sunday evening where, according to activists, civilians had been hiding from what they label a “collective punishment” of the Kurds in a month-long operation by the Turkish government.
Meanwhile, a number of gruesome photos appeared online allegedly showing the victims of the raid. Their authenticity, however, could not be immediately verified.
Earlier reports suggested that several dozen civilians remained trapped in a basement for two weeks due to heavy fighting in the area – although it was not immediately clear if that was the building in question.
On Saturday, Turkish interior minister Efkan Ala said that the military operation against the Kurdish fighters in Cizre was “99.5 percent complete” and wouldn’t expand territorially.
Turkish leaders insist they're targeting only Kurdish militants.
“We are being very sensitive in distinguishing between terrorists and [ordinary] people. We pay incredible attention so that civilians are not harmed by operations,” Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu said.
Describing the situation in Cizre as an “utter human tragedy” Turkish activists, including prominent scientists, writers and actors, petitioned authorities to rescue the people trapped there.
According to Turkey’s General Staff, the number of Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) members killed during military operations in the southeastern districts of Cizre and Sur reached 733 on Sunday.
Meanwhile, according to Amnesty estimates, at least 150 civilians, including children, have been killed during the Turkish operation, with over 200,000 lives having been put at risk.
The news of possible victims among civilians has reignited protests against Ankara's brutality towards the Kurds throughout Europe.
Hashtag #TurkeysCizreMassacre has already gone viral on Twitter, with thousands of users sharing their thoughts on what they think is really happening there.
Protests are also taking place across Germany with people on the streets of Dusseldorf and Berlin.
And in the German city of Dortmund Kurdish supporters gathered at the city's train station.
In Switzerland, a demo took place in front of the parliament in Bern.
In Paris, Kurds are calling on more people around the world to join them.


Question: Respond in 447 words. Describe the offensive power of the Maple Leafs.

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 Respond in 447 words. Describe the offensive power of the Maple Leafs.

The Maple Leafs relied on their younger players for scoring last season.
Forward Mitchell Marner, who turned 21 on May 5, led Toronto with 69 points (22 goals, 47 assists) in 82 games. Forward Auston Matthews, who will turn 21 on Sept. 17, was second with 63 points (34 goals, 29 assists) in 62 games. That gave the Maple Leafs 132 points (56 goals, 76 assists) from players 20 or younger, which led the NHL.
Forward William Nylander, who turned 22 on May 1, was third on the Maple Leafs with 61 points (20 goals, 41 assists) in 82 games. Add defenseman Travis Dermott, 21, who had 13 points (one goal, 12 assists) in 37 games, and forward Kasperi Kapanen, who turned 22 on July 23 and scored nine points (seven goals, two assists) in 38 games, and the Maple Leafs got 215 points (84 goals, 131 assists) from players 21 or younger, an NHL high.
The Maple Leafs had a power-play percentage of 25 percent last season, which was second to the Pittsburgh Penguins (26.2 percent). In 2016-17, Toronto's power-play percentage was 23.8 percent, which ranked second to the Buffalo Sabres (24.5 percent). This is an improvement from their performance in 2015-16, when the Maple Leafs ranked 29th with a power-play percentage of 15.4 percent.
Toronto's goal is to spread the scoring evenly over two power-play units. Over the past two seasons, Marner had 48 points (12 goals, 36 assists), forward James van Riemsdyk had 39 (17 goals, 22 assists), Nylander had 38 (14 goals, 24 assists), forward Nazem Kadri had 36 (24 goals, 12 assists), Matthews had 34 (13 goals, 21 assists), and forward Tyler Bozak had 31 (10 goals, 21 assists). Defensemen Morgan Rielly had 30 points (two goals, 28 assists) and Jake Gardiner had 28 (three goals, 25 assists).
The Maple Leafs will receive a boost from forward John Tavares, who led the New York Islanders with 48 power-play points (19 goals, 29 assists) over the past two seasons, but Toronto lost van Riemsdyk to the Philadelphia Flyers and Bozak to the St. Louis Blues as free agents.
Video: How will Toronto handle all their talented centers?
Tavares was on the ice for 114 goals against with the Islanders last season, the only forward in the NHL who was over 100. That was up from 73 goals in 2016-17, which was tied for 22nd among forwards.
His previous NHL high of 78 goals against was set in 2011-12.
The 114 is the second-highest total for a forward in the past 20 seasons, behind Mark Recchi, who was on the ice for 119 goals against for the Pittsburgh Penguins and Carolina Hurricanes in 2005-06.


Question: What are the steps for setting up a Savage Ultimate Team Marketplace?

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 What are the steps for setting up a Savage Ultimate Team Marketplace?

This post is sponsored by Savage Ultimate.
Every team captain knows the frustration that comes with ordering uniforms. There’s the matter of coordinating a few dozen players’ sizes, names, and numbers. And then there’s the challenge of collecting money, managing the ordering process, and finally distributing the jerseys. By the time the jerseys are delivered, many captains feel ready to pull their hair out.
As the owner of Savage Apparel Co., Todd Curran deals with team captains on a daily basis, so he understands these challenges well—and he decided to do something about it. After several months in development, the company launched the Savage Team Marketplace in October.
Teams can access the free Marketplace tool by signing up on the Savage website. It allows teams to create a personalized shop stocked with uniforms, team apparel, and discs. Thanks to a partnership with Discraft, Savage can offer disc orders with no minimums.
The Marketplace also gives teams a chance to promote their gear to friends, family, and alumni by sharing their shop. Teams will receive a portion of proceeds (15 percent) from fan sales, resulting in a key fundraising opportunity. This means that even if you’ve already ordered your uniforms for the year, the Marketplace can benefit your team.
Roger Williams University’s Ultimate team, Rhody Fresh, was one of the first to set up a Marketplace account. Team captain Matt Stearns confirmed that the store was a success with players.
Sign up for a Team Marketplace account on the Savage website.
Savage will assign a Team Marketplace specialist to help you create your store.
Teams may either provide print-ready artwork or work with the Savage art department to create team gear for the store. As always, up to three hours of design services are free.
Once all products are approved by the team, your custom Team Marketplace store will be officially opened. Teams will be provided with a link to share with players and fans. Savage will promote your store to its 15,000+ social media followers.
For up to two weeks, players and fans can visit the Team Marketplace and purchase customizable team and fan gear, with no minimum purchase required.
Once the store has closed, Savage will process all orders into production.
Team orders will be delivered within standard delivery times (4-6 weeks), while fan gear will be shipped one week later.
While other companies offer similar opportunities to their customers, Curran emphasizes that Savage requires no minimum orders for teams. This allows for a larger catalog ranging from jerseys and shorts to team-branded hoodies, hats, T-shirts, jackets, and even discs. Shoppers can purchase as little as one item or order the entire catalog.
Teams that sign up for the Savage Team Marketplace now can receive 15 percent or more off of their orders. Find out more at savageultimate.com.
Comments on "Savage Launches Team Marketplace"


Question: What is the latest news about Everspace for the Nintendo Switch? Respond in 4 sentences.

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 What is the latest news about Everspace for the Nintendo Switch? Respond in 4 sentences.

Earlier this year, Everspace was announced for Switch. The new Indie Highlights presentation provides an update on the game.
Everspace: Stellar Edition will be sold physically with an art book and complete soundtrack with over 60 titles. It’ll be playable for the first time at Nintendo’s Gamescom booth tomorrow.


Question: Describe the game of bat and trap.

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 Describe the game of bat and trap.

Bat and trap is an English bat-and-ball pub game. It is still played in Kent, and occasionally in Brighton. By the late 20th century it was usually only played on Good Friday in Brighton, on the park called The Level, which has an adjacent pub called The Bat and Ball, whose sign depicts the game. Brighton & Hove City Council started a Bat and Trap club based at The Level in 2013, as part of the Activities Plan associated with a £2.2m Heritage Lottery Fund and Big Lottery Fund-funded restoration of the park.


Question: What do you make of this situation?

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 What do you make of this situation?

This screen faces out into the retail store with people constantly wandering past it only a couple of metres away, well within the distance required to observe the contents off it. I've obfuscated parts of the screen above because no way, no how would I want to show this information publicly, especially my wife's password. She was pretty shocked when I showed her this as it was precisely the same verbal password as she used to authenticate to her bank. (Sidenote: she's an avid 1Password user and has been since 2011, this password dated back a couple of decades when, like most people still do today, she had reused it extensively).
I did raise this directly with Telstra to which they replied "I want to make sure that this is fully investigated, it's definitely concerning". Yet clearly, this is standard practice with the terminals the operators use specifically designed to face into the public areas of the store and the interfaces they use obviously designed to show the password (and equally obvious, the passwords are not stored as secure cryptographic hashes). That was 27 days ago and to date, there's been no follow-up from Telstra despite being told they'll "update me soon".
As of today, Chrome will show a "Not secure" warning when an unencrypted page requests passwords or credit cards (which appears to be the case here) or when entering text into a form field. In the next few months, it will show all pages requested over an unencrypted connection as "Not secure". The risk this poses is that any intermediary able to intercept the traffic has the ability to read and modify the data (and yes, that applies to internal company networks as well).
Alarmingly, this is not unprecedented and I've been blocked before myself for reporting a security incident. But it's totally unacceptable behaviour on behalf of any organisation, let alone one of our largest telcos.
The operator had to log into multiple systems and after a few password authentication failure attempts in each one of these systems due to typos by the operator I was able to assertion exactly what their username and password is. No video recording or photos needed.
Just how much can you do with those credentials? Assuming you have access to an unattended terminal as I did earlier on (albeit one that was already unlocked), the mind boggles. These are not super-sophisticated security concepts either, they're fundamental basics that most organisations drill into their people: protect what's on your screen, don't allow other people to observe your password, always lock an unattended terminal.
Here's the bigger issue that concerns me in both the Telstra and Optus cases: the security of our telecommunication accounts is increasingly paramount these days. Our phone numbers are used for all sorts of identity verification processes with other services; weaknesses in telco security translate directly through to compromises of email, bank and social accounts; there are some absolute horror stories out there. Want to login to your myGov account using 2FA? They'll send you an SMS and yes, that's in addition to entering your credentials but the whole point of 2FA is that it should be resilient to credential theft!
These are not simple fixes: store layouts need changing to protect customer privacy, customer password storage is obviously insufficient, operator practices need to evolve and let's face it, SMS is a very weak means of identity verification, largely because of deficiencies on the telcos' side. But they're important issues in an era of increasing dependency on mobile and one would hope that at the very least, Telstra and Optus would seek to improve the situation rather than simply ignoring or blocking complaints from disgruntled customers.


Question: What is Man'yōshū Jidai-kō? Respond in 25 words.

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 What is Man'yōshū Jidai-kō? Respond in 25 words.

Man'yōshū Jidai-kō (万葉集時代考) is a Japanese research work written in Japan's early medieval period. It was written by the famed "waka" poet Fujiwara no Shunzei.


Question: Who is Paul Sanchez?

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 Who is Paul Sanchez?

Paul Sanchez is a New Orleans-born and based American guitarist and a singer-songwriter. Sanchez was a founding member of the New Orleans band Cowboy Mouth. Sanchez was a guitarist and one of the primary singers and songwriters for the band from 1990 to 2006. Sanchez's songs have appeared in films and on television and have been performed by various artists such as Darius Rucker, Irma Thomas, Michael Cerveris, Susan Cowsill, Kevin Griffin and The Eli Young Band, Hootie and the Blowfish, John Boutté, Shamarr Allen, Glen Andrews and Kim Carson.


Question: Describe Hillary Clinton's reported seance-like encounters with the late Eleanor Roosevelt.

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 Describe Hillary Clinton's reported seance-like encounters with the late Eleanor Roosevelt.

Does Anyone Remember Hillary Clinton's Seance-Like Encounters With the Late Eleanor Roosevelt?
Presidential-hopeful Hillary Clinton reportedly attempted to conduct seance-like ceremonies to commune with the dead, according decades-old reports now resurfacing.
The reports first surfaced in famed journalist Bob Woodward's book, The Choice, in which he detailed Clinton's relationship with adviser Jean Houston, who co-directed the Foundation for Mind Research.
According to Woodward, Clinton and Houston would attempt to contact Eleanor Roosevelt and Mahatma Gandhi among others.
But Houston refutes his words and the media attention surrounding it.
"We were using an imaginative exercise to force her ideas, to think about how Eleanor would have responded to a particular problem," Houston told the New York Times in 1996. "I have never been to a seance."
Even so, Bill Clinton mentioned the conversations as recently as 2012.
"I know that because, as all of you famously learned when I served as president, my wife, now the secretary of State, was known to commune with Eleanor on a regular basis," he said. "And so she called me last night on her way home from Peru to remind me to say that. That Eleanor had talked to her and reminded her that I should say that."
People like Take a Stand Ministries' Eric Barger are horrified that Christians might consider voting for Clinton.
"It's one thing to elect a secularist whose policies we agree with most. It's quite another to support an admitted practicing occultist for the highest office in the land," Barger says. "Communing with 'the dead' is a dangerous spiritual activity with ominous consequences before God. Biblical Christians have a right, even a responsibility, to expose how serious the ideas embraced by Mrs. Clinton actually are."


Question: Explain the scope and depth of US intelligence surveillance in terms of data collection, targets, and usage of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA).

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 Explain the scope and depth of US intelligence surveillance in terms of data collection, targets, and usage of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA).

Over 151 million call records collected to track 42 targets under new "limited" access arrangement.
Enlarge / While the intelligence community may have had some of its collection tentacles trimmed, the breadth of US surveillance continues to expand.
A report issued by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) yesterday provides a sobering set of statistics on the breadth and depth of US intelligence surveillance of targets both overseas and within the United States. Even after steps were taken to reduce the collection of phone call metadata—ending bulk collection of phone company records and limiting collection to specific requests against records held by telecommunications providers—the National Security Agency collected over 151 million phone call records while tracking only 42 targets.
While this number is significantly smaller than the estimated billions of records that the NSA collected and retained each year under previous policy, it demonstrates just how broad the reach of surveillance of a limited number of individuals can go. Because the NSA collects data on numbers that are "two hops" away from a targeted phone, records would be collected from any number that called or was called by the target number, and then every number each of those numbers interacted with. As a result, collection expands exponentially as additional targets are added.
Other statistics from the Statistical Transparency Report Regarding Use of National Security Authority for 2016—the third such report issued by the ODNI—reveal the ever-expanding nature of other surveillance by the NSA and other agencies under the provisions of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). The number of Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC) "probable cause" orders issued per year has stayed relatively steady, with 1,559 orders issued by FISC applying to an estimated 1,687 targets—336 of whom are "US persons." However, the total number of "targets" tracked through Internet surveillance and other means under FISA's Section 702 has steadily climbed well beyond that, reaching a total of 106,469 tracked individuals in 2016.
The number of queries against the data collected through Internet taps for information about Americans by the NSA and CIA also grew year over year in 2016. The report estimated that 5,288 "known US person" searches were conducted against content gathered with "upstream" collection—up from 4,672 in 2015. This does not include searches that were conducted against the records by the FBI, and it's based on the use of specific identifiers for Americans, such as e-mail addresses. It also doesn't count the number of times each specific query was used, so the 5,288 searches each may have been repeated multiple times.
A more accurate count of the number of times the intelligence community searched for information on Americans comes from the report's "estimated number of queries concerning a known US person of unminimized noncontents information"—in other words, searches specifically looking for Americans by identifying metadata, such as name or phone number. In 2013, there were 9,500 of these; by 2016, that number had grown to 30,335. But apparently, the CIA has no way of counting how many of these queries are conducted, so the total excludes any of that agency's searches; these are all NSA queries.
Another development from 2016 was the very first instance of the FBI receiving and reviewing "unminimized" information (information that had not had personally identifying data removed to protect the privacy of Americans) to acquire evidence of a crime not related to FISA surveillance. In November of 2015, the FISC "concluded that the FBI's US person querying provisions... are consistent with the requirements of the Fourth Amendment." In January, the Obama administration approved rules for applying that ruling further, allowing the NSA to share unminimized intercepted communications with a host of US agencies, so that number should grow dramatically in next year's report.
On April 28, the NSA announced that it was slightly curtailing the scope of its Section 702 collection, which depends largely on direct taps into the Internet backbone at major telecommunications nexus points (such as cable landing points and other major Internet peering locations). However, this change is unlikely to reduce the growth rate of overall data collection by the NSA, as it was focused exclusively on cutting back on the number of e-mails from Americans intercepted because of searches for "selectors" identifying tracked individuals within the content of some messages.