Question: What is insider trading and why is it bad?

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 What is insider trading and why is it bad?

Insider trading is when you trade publically listed stock, except you have information that the public doesn't have. So say you know that company XYZ is going to show really bad financial loses, but that information hasn't been released yet (maybe you have a friend in the company who told you). Then you sell XYZ stock, thus avoiding the loss that is going to occur when the information goes public. It's illegal because it's considered a form of cheating. The deal you make as a company is, you can list the stock on the public exchanges, which gets you a ton of access to investors. But you then have to play by a certain set of rules, such as publishing information regularly, and avoiding insider trading. You can always just choose not to list the company publically.


Question: Why is there a coin shortage? Where did they go? Who has them? Why are they keeping them?

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 Why is there a coin shortage? Where did they go? Who has them? Why are they keeping them?

Okay so this is directly related to my job! I can answer this! Roughly mid-March several mint and Federal reserve branches shut down entirely due to COVID-19 outbreaks at those sites. That means that suddenly a lot of money wasn't being made or distributed out from those places to banks and other financial institutions. On top of that, people became suddenly wary of handling coin cuz they didn't know where it came from and were afraid the money was transmitting the virus. And just to make things worse, right before the outbreak in the mints and reserves, a metric crap ton of money was taken out by people from their accounts to be held as cash cuz they suddenly feared that the Apocalypse was upon us and people were hoarding their cash like it could save their life. Source- I work in a financial institution that works directly with the Federal Reserve and have been dealing with all this bullshit since it started.


Question: What causes spaghettification, rather than just tearing apart?

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 What causes spaghettification, rather than just tearing apart?

You are right in that most objects will probably break up, but for other reasons as they get closer to the black hole and before spaghettification kicks in. Intense radiation, heat, spinning, collision with other bodies and plasma, are forces a real object could encounter as it gets near a black hole. But I am assuming you are talking about a theoretical normal sized black hole, without these extra forces. Most black holes are very large relative to the objects they pull in (i'm assuming you aren't talking about something big like a star). This means that the object should reach spaghettification range before it breaks up. Gravity is not linear, it is based on the square of the distance between the object and the black hole. So the object would start in essentially in free fall, accelerating to a good part of the speed of light, until suddenly it isn't in free fall any more. Once it gets in spaghetti range, the forces on the near side of the object very quickly far exceed the forces on the furthest end. So quickly, the object has no time to break up in the normal sense of what we would experience on earth. Gravity at spaghettification range is so intense, it strips the particles off the object and disassembles them into a stream, faster than the physical force wave vibration can travel through the material of the object (the speed of sound inside the object). Is it a continuous stream with no breaks in it? It doesn't really matter. Spaghettification is the theoretical 'end' of the structure (and information) in the object. If the object were really large, and the black hole really small, breaking up before you reach spaghetti may be possible. But black holes that small only exist in theory.


Question: A heat haze isn't 'there' when you get to it, no moisture on the road etc, so why can you see a reflection at a distance?

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 A heat haze isn't 'there' when you get to it, no moisture on the road etc, so why can you see a reflection at a distance?

Heat haze isn't caused by moisture. It's caused by a difference in temperature in the atmosphere. Say, the hot air rising from a blacktop road surface, relative to that elsewhere. This causes the light to bend at a different angle as it passes through this difference in temperature, which means that the light that passes through it and hits your eyes has not necessarily taken a straight 'line of sight' path but curved. So you're seeing light from the sky (for instance), that has been [bent towards your eyes]( URL_0 ) so that it appears to be coming from the vicinity of the road surface. There's no moisture or other substance necessary to be there, leaving a physical trace for you to notice.


Question: What makes “unsolved math problems” so difficult to solve if you continue to answer/follow the formula?

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 What makes “unsolved math problems” so difficult to solve if you continue to answer/follow the formula?

There isn't always a formula that you can easily follow and just get the information that you want. For example, one of the biggest and easiest to understand unsolved problems in math is Goldbach's conjecture. Goldbach's conjecture is that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes. This... makes sense. 4 is 2+2 6 is 3+3 8 is 5+3 10 is 5+5 And if you continue this pattern, you'll find that it works for *every* even number that you try. But here's the catch-- even though it seems like it works for every number, no one has proved it. And what formula would you even follow to solve this?


Question: The number of moles in a compound?

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 The number of moles in a compound?

You’re confusing moles of atoms and moles of molecules here. It’s perfectly valid to say that there are 2 moles of hydrogen atoms in 1 mole of water molecules. There are 3 moles of atoms in total in 1 mole of water molecules, because there are 3 atoms in total in 1 molecule of water. If you have 1 mole of boxes of donuts, and each box of donuts has 12 donuts in it, then you would have 12 moles of donuts in total. That’s logical right?


Question: Why do we get tired when in some places then stop getting tired on our way to bed/when in bed?

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 Why do we get tired when in some places then stop getting tired on our way to bed/when in bed?

A few reasons #1. Its perspective. You may feel tired compared to doing work but you're not tired compared to actually being in bed sleeping. #2. Boredom can disguise itself as being tired. If you're doing a task you really don't want to do like study, your mind will become distracted and think it's tired #3 the process of getting up, getting ready for bed, etc gets your blood pumping and gives you a small burst of energy so you're no longer tired


Question: What actually happens when someone "chokes" with their own saliva and coughs afterward? And if possible, how can someone prevent it?

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 What actually happens when someone "chokes" with their own saliva and coughs afterward? And if possible, how can someone prevent it?

It sometimes happens to me... the saliva goes down the wrong pipe, its like when you are drinking something and it goes down the wrong pipe.. you start caughing because that is how you get stuff thats not supposed to be in your lungs, out of your lungs if you find a way to prevent it, please pm me


Question: Whats the difference between counting cards and just being really good at a card game?

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 Whats the difference between counting cards and just being really good at a card game?

Counting cards is, indeed, just being very good at a game. It is not "cheating" in the sense of violating the rules. Casinos kick out card counter not because they are cheating or doing something illegal, but because the casino is losing money on them as so has decided to decline their custom. Think "we reserve the right to refuse service." The casinos, which are private businesses, are using that right.


Question: What's the difference between kcal and kJ?

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 What's the difference between kcal and kJ?

About 4 1 Kcal = 4.1868 KJ or 1 cal = 4.1868 J Both Joule and calorie are different units measuring the same thing. like yards and meters. Joule is the SI (metric) measurement of energy while calories is an older unit also related to the SI-units but not part of it. The amount of energy in food is usually given in Kcal (kilocalories), which are confusingly often called calories. (This is as stupid as calling kilometer meter for short, but commonly done.) A calorie is defined as the energy needed to increase the temperature of a gram of water by one kelvin or to put it differently one Food calorie (kilocalorie) is enough to heat a liter of water by one degree Celsius. A Joule is 1 newton times a Meter or 1 Watt for 1 Second Food energy is sometimes given in kJ and sometimes in Kcal. You can estimate that a food calorie is about 4.2 times a kilojoule


Question: Where does a lightning bolt start from and why does it start there?

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 Where does a lightning bolt start from and why does it start there?

A lightning bolt usually starts when the negatively charged cloud sends out "step leaders" which go on a random walk to the the nearest grounded object. The first step leader that hits ground initiates the return-stroke, which is what we usually see and call lightning. The return-stroke is a blast of positive charges rising from the ground, as the negative charges migrate down from the cloud. URL_0


Question: In Newton’s cradle, when raising two balls, why doesn’t just one ball move from the opposite side with double the velocity of the 2 balls on the other side? Why do 2 balls move? Why can’t the collective momentum from both balls all be transferred to a single ball?

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 In Newton’s cradle, when raising two balls, why doesn’t just one ball move from the opposite side with double the velocity of the 2 balls on the other side? Why do 2 balls move? Why can’t the collective momentum from both balls all be transferred to a single ball?

If all we had to concern ourselves with was conservation of momentum, it could easily do.just what you suggest. Really it could create many different combinations of balls and speeds. However in any collision there are two things conserved, momentum and energy. Specifically in this type of collision all kinetic energy must be the same before and after. If an equal mass is not sent flying at the end of this collision, then either energy or momentum is not conserved. Math version for those interested: KE1=KE2. (Kinetic energy is the same before and after the collision where no deformation occurs) .5*m*v^2. You asked what happens Masses if is 2 at the start, and 1 at the end. Let's choose a speed of 2. And solve for our final speed. 0.5x2x2^2 = 0.5x1xV^2 4 = 0.5xV^2 Sqrt(8)=v ----------------------- Also p1=p2. P=m*v 2x2 = 1xV 4=v If we try this change in mass, we get two different speeds. Conservation of energy states it is sqrt8, while conservation of momentum requires that the final speed is 4. As both statements must be true, this possibility does not happen. Now if the collision has some deformation, or another way to store/transfer energy, the energy equation will be a bit different, and you can have a different mass ejected. But that isn't true for a Newton's cradle.


Question: Why do streaming services owned by studios have to pay their parent companies for their own content?

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 Why do streaming services owned by studios have to pay their parent companies for their own content?

It is complicated. TV shows and movies have things like syndication rights and some of the actors are due payments from selling these rights. Friends, for example, is a series where the main actors have contracts stipulating that they get some percentage of the payment received by the studio selling these rights. So there would definitely be major legal proceedings brought by the actors if HBO Max didn't pay Warner Bros. The actors would definitely claim that Warner is trying to avoid paying them their cut. These kind of contracts are very common (actors, directors, screenwriters especially famous ones negotiate them). So firms try to have "arms length" contracts even between related entities. Even within a big company, there are divisions and typically each division is held to their own financial goals. The head of one division is not likely to subsidize the operations of another division. There are issues of taxes. Especially when it comes to subsidiaries that have operations in multiple geographies. Although a parent company may elect to file a single tax return, this isn't necessarily tax efficient. A company wants to report profits separately especially if taxes in foreign jurisdictions are lower than domestic ones. This gets complicated very quickly. Then there is long term strategy - the parent company might want to spin off subsidiaries in the future. This could be to have a separate IPO or to bring in money from a separate investor. In that case, keeping relatively separate accounts helps tremendously.


Question: How can edible things have zero calories? For example: mustard.

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 How can edible things have zero calories? For example: mustard.

It does not have zero calories. The energy content is 66 Calories/100 grams. Labeling law allows that food that contains less than 5 calories per serving. 5 calories would be 7.5 grams of mustard but when I looked at single-serving packaging online the size I found was 5.5 grams. So less than 5 calories and can be labeled as zero. & #x200B; It is possible that the stuff you can consume has zero calories. Water is an example. You can't metabolize it for energy, it is in fact the result of normal metabolism for food alongside carbon dioxide. There is other stuff like dietary fiber that have zero calories for human and is a part of the food we eat. The fibers are too long for us to break down and extract the sugar so they pass trou us. Other animals like cows can break it down with the help of bacteria. They can live on grass but you can not.


Question: why does even a little bit of heat aggravate a (fresh) burn wound?

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 why does even a little bit of heat aggravate a (fresh) burn wound?

Great question, but first you need to know how pain works in the first place... There are certain cells in your body that are designed to feel pain, they are called nociceptors. There are different nociceptors for different kinds of pain (pressure, heat, etc) and they all have a trigger mechanism. The mechanism is that when a certain tolerance is reached, such as a certain temperature, the nociceptor will activate and send a signal to the brain. How bad the pain feels is based on how many nociceptors are triggered, more triggered nociceptors = more pain. When you get a wound your body immediately activates it's defense mechanisms, and one of those defense mechanisms is to send out a chemical that lowers the activation threshold of the nociceptors, meaning it's easier to trigger them... this means that what would normally have been mild heat is now enough to trigger a bunch of nociceptors and cause more pain


Question: Why does the government tax itself?

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 Why does the government tax itself?

That unemployment check is income, so it's taxable. However, income is not always taxed at the same rate and depends on a person's total earnings for the year. Someone who made $200,000 before losing their job will owe more taxes on that check than someone who made $20,000 before losing their job. Therefore, you can't reduce the benefit by the same amount for every person and need to pay *someone* to keep track of who owes more. At that point, you might as well frame it as a tax.


Question: Why does leaving your phone on a charger overnight degrade the battery?

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</answer>
 Why does leaving your phone on a charger overnight degrade the battery?

It really doesn't. The trouble with battery advice is that people keep repeating stuff that was written for entirely different battery types several decades ago. Sometimes they even refer to the "memory effect", which is something that which only applied to NiCD (a battery type that's been almost completely extinct for more than a decade and isn't used in phones or laptops), a very particular type of them at that (so not nearly all of them), and required such a regular usage pattern to reproduce that it's not seen outside of laboratories and satellites. Yeah, overcharging batteries is bad. But given that lithium tends to explode or light itself on fire when abused, and that it costs companies big $$$ and it makes the news when anything of the sort happens... a bad lithium charger is pretty much nonexistent outside of really cheap junk from China.


Question: Why is it that when human beings can adequately hear a song they like, they still have a biological or psychological urge to turn it up?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 Why is it that when human beings can adequately hear a song they like, they still have a biological or psychological urge to turn it up?

It’s quite simple: Things that you like sound “better” louder. The frequency response of human hearing is not flat, and it is not linear at every frequency as the volume (amplitude) is increased. At low volumes, humans cannot hear low frequencies or high frequencies as well as they can mid-frequencies. The range of human hearing is roughly 20Hz to 20000Hz. Humans have a very sharp peak in perception of frequencies between 2kHz and 4kHz. As the amplitude increases, the frequency response of human hearing gets flatter, so the low frequencies become more audible and the high frequencies become more audible, and those mid-frequencies become comparatively less audible. So, when it’s louder, it sounds “fuller” and “warmer”, when it’s quieter it sounds “thin” and “cold”.


Question: How does a treadmill calculate burned calories?

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 How does a treadmill calculate burned calories?

Depends on the treadmill. It could take into account your weight. If it's asking for your age, gender, height, and weight when you start a routine - absolutely. And if not, it could just make assumptions and give a rough estimate. That's all any calorie calculator is anyways - an estimate. The more biometric data there is the more accurate, but it's still an estimate.


Question: Why is it easy to fall asleep on the couch in daylight with the TV on, but difficult to fall asleep in bed in perfect conditions?

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 Why is it easy to fall asleep on the couch in daylight with the TV on, but difficult to fall asleep in bed in perfect conditions?

It is not universally easy for people to fall asleep on the couch in daylight with the TV on. Nor is it universally difficult for people to fall asleep in bed in perfect conditions. That sounds like a *you* thing, and it’s impossible for us to diagnose why this may be the case for you over the internet in an ELI5 way.


Question: anyone know how to calculate how much force a car exerts on a human body when hitting a running pedestrian?

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 anyone know how to calculate how much force a car exerts on a human body when hitting a running pedestrian?

Short answer, it is very difficult - there are lots and lots of variables at play, that you would have to model mathematically. This is one of the reasons that they still use crash test dummies and physical tests in the automotive industry. For collisions in general, the procedure usually relies in "conservation of momentum." The assumption is that the total momentum (mv)1 + (mv)2 = m1m2*v1v2. For the case of a car hitting someone, this assumption does not hold though, as energy is expended in the permanent deformations that take place in both the car and pedestrian. If you made a whole bunch of simplifying assumptions (such as assuming the pedestrian was a rigid body, assuming an "elastic collision," you might: 1. Calculate the change in velocity of the pedestrian though a momentum equation 2. Calculate the average acceleration the pedestrian would endure during the collision (this probably required an assumption of the duration of the collision, unless you are going to perform a very complicated dynamic finite element analysis). 3. Calculate the average force imparted to the pedestrian from F= ma Note that none of those assumptions are great though


Question: why do graphics cards, RAM and hard drives have such different prices per GB?

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 why do graphics cards, RAM and hard drives have such different prices per GB?

Read / Write speeds (usually) is what makes a difference in prices. The Rule of thumb here is Faster access speed - > Expensive parts. I will explain why difference memories need to have difference speeds. RAM and hard-drives work "almost" the same way, you store information there that you are going to use later. The only variables are "time stored" and "access speed (speed that the CPU gets the information)". There are also SSD, that work the same way as Hard-Drives but are way faster (and expensive as well). The major differences are that you can access RAM several times faster (from 50 to 600) but the information on the RAM is lost when you turn the power off. So RAM is good to hold information you are working (like videos that are playing, programs in execution, etc) and Hard-Drives are good to store information for long times ( albums you "downloaded", images, etc) Think of that like: Hard-Drives are for storing information "for ever". And RAM is to temporary store information for the Central Processor. Graphics Card work differently compared to Hard-Drives. The Graphics card contain the GPU and that's is a Processor very similar to the CPU, that's optimized to work with Matrices and Arrays, that are the basis of most images / 3D objects. As all processing units, it needs a bit of memory to help it out. That's where the 4GB / 2GB part comes in: It's basically the RAM for the Graphics Card / GPU. There are 2 types of GPUs: Integrated and dedicated. Integrated is often seen in small devices and it does not have "RAM for GPU", It steals from the RAM. However most Graphics card nowadays are Dedicated, meaning they have their own memory (most seen values are between 1 to 8GB). There are other factors in a GPU that can affect performance. Don't look just to the amount of memory it has. GPUs also have working speeds. But a general rule is that more memory = faster / better graphics


Question: Why do Type 1 diabetics have ~10 years lower life expectancy than a normal person?

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 Why do Type 1 diabetics have ~10 years lower life expectancy than a normal person?

When your body cannot naturally regulate it's sugar levels through insulin you have Diabetes. Those suffering from the disease have to 'manually' regulate their sugar levels via blood testing and simply paying attention to their body throughout the day. They do this by watching what they eat and when, making sure they're never starving and have low blood sugar or haven't eaten too many carbs and have high blood sugar. Whenever they are outside the safe range they are damaging their body, which may or may not heal fully. This will eventually lead to organ failures, and I'm pretty sure Diabetics don't rank highly on the transplant list. Also, because of these issues other diseases and medical problems that are already hard to fight become even more complicated. Imagine fighting cancer and having to force yourself to eat when the chemo kicks out any food you eat. Or if you're pregnant and the baby is screwing with your sugar levels causing massive swings up and down. It's not that it's un-manageable, it just adds an extra failure point to an already fragile life.


Question: How does credit card skimming work?

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 How does credit card skimming work?

It's essentially a "man in the middle" attack. Normally when you swipe your card the machine reads it, and transmits your info. To setup a skim the criminal inserts a special machine into the reader, which also looks like a reader so you won't notice. You swipe your card, the skimming device reads and stores your info, and also immediately passes on into the actual reader so that your transaction completes as normal. In actual five year old terms. When you swipe your card you're just telling your number to a nice security guard (the card reader). To setup a skim, I also dress up as a security guard and stand right in front of the actual guard. You tell me your number, and I write it down and immediately turn around and tell it to the real guard. You get what you want, and I get a copy of your credit card info, with no one noticing.


Question: Why arent SSDs and SD cards the same size even though a lot of them can hold the same amount?

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 Why arent SSDs and SD cards the same size even though a lot of them can hold the same amount?

An SSD is very much different from an SD card. SSD's, SD cards and phone internal memory for that matter uses the same NAND flash chips. However a fundamental difference here is the controllers. Imagine a room in which you want to fill in stuff and it has an automatic door. In layman terms a controller is like an automatic door. The bigger the door the more you can fill into a room at a time. But the bigger the door the more power you need to open and close it. This is exactly what happens. An SD card is used in small devices like phones, tablets and cameras. There's only so much power that a phone can supply with its tiny battery. There is simply not enough power to feed an SSD. If you ever open an SSD you will notice that the main memory is tiny. Its about the size of an SD card. But what uses up all the space is the motherboard. That has the controller and other components. Also, who told you they have the same speeds? An SD card barely has any speed. An SSD can do gigabytes per second while an SD card struggles with 100mbps. Source : Took part in the Mumbai Hackathon 2016. SSD speedup and SD card data security was my main topic. ( so I know some shit here and there)


Question: Why are virus/spam websites not more powerful?

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 Why are virus/spam websites not more powerful?

It is a lot safer and easier to trick a dumb user into clicking something than it is to run an exploit. The exploit might tip off the antivirus, crash the machine or otherwise alert the user to the presence of the virus. A fully patched and updated machine will also be immune to any exploits these viruses might try to use, if there is an exploit that is newer than the latest patches and that nobody is aware of then it is a zero-day vulnerability and that is far too valuable to waste in a silly little virus. It will be used in something more serious or sold on the black market for thousands.


Question: What is kernel memory protection?

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 What is kernel memory protection?

When an application runs on your computer the OS gives it a block of memory to use for doing whatever the app does. When you try and access outside that boundary the OS should catch it but many times bugs in code are found where memory can be access "illegally." It's bad when one app can read another app's memory but what if you could read the Kernel's memory??? Some CPU architectures supporting a type of memory management where the OS memory and applications' memory are separated so that when an application asks for an illegal address the CPU just won't allow it. Apps just aren't allowed to access kernel memory because the CPU has them physically separated.


Question: Why is it that most electronics and other appliances (i.e: televisions, smartphones, keyyboards) are colored in black?

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 Why is it that most electronics and other appliances (i.e: televisions, smartphones, keyyboards) are colored in black?

Black is a color which matches any other color, followed by white and gray. A black box would not be out of place in a red, green or blue room. However if you put a green box in a red room it does not look great. Therefore if you want to make something without color options make it black.


Question: Why does multiplication and division take precedence over addition and subtraction?

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 Why does multiplication and division take precedence over addition and subtraction?

At the end of the day it's just the convention everyone agreed on. We could change the convention just fine, it just means we'd need to write our equations differently. But there is a certain kind of logic. For example, multiplication is considered to be repeated addition. That is, 3x3 = 3+3+3 With multiplication taking precedence over addition 3x3+3 = 9+3 = 12 And you can replace the 3x3 with the 3+3+3 without affecting the outcome: 3x3+3 = 3+3+3+3 = 12 But if you swap it and have addition take precedence, 3x3+3 = 3x6 = 18 And you *can't* swap 3x3 with 3+3+3, which kind of bucks against our intuition of what multiplication is.


Question: How can people who make documentaries set up meetings with dangerous people? How do they convince criminals to get recorded?

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 How can people who make documentaries set up meetings with dangerous people? How do they convince criminals to get recorded?

Oh hey cool I do this for a living. I'm a Producer/Shooter for documentaries and have landed interviews with some dangerous folk. I'm actually starting production on a docu-series on hate crimes in America and have some interesting interviews coming up. There are quite a few ways this happens. Ideally you have an in or connection of some sort that can vouch for you. That's usually huge, but difficult depending on the project. If not, first you have to find them, usually they don't want to be found. Luckily I work with a wondeful team of researchers who do this part for me most of the time. Once you get their contact, then you basically just ask and explain that you are a journalist/documentary filmmaker who wants to get their side of the story out. One of my colleagues just went on a fishing trip with a subject so they could talk and convince him to be interviewed on camera. It's all about trust and explaining that their story and perspective is worth telling, and that if they don't do it, people will never know it. It's tricky, it doesn't always work. Some people just don't want to talk on camera and will avoid your contact and depending on how badly you need that specific person you usually just fiind someone else who fits the credentials. If you really need that person you work at it for a long time sometimes establishing the trust. Then you just gotta do it. I'm a pretty friendly guy so once people meet me in person it tends to get pretty easy, I can usually get people talking in a relaxed way that will help them open up a little more comfortably. Edit: Some really good questions coming in. Will try to answer them all but I'm prepping for a shoot this weekend so I'll have to come back for some


Question: When you're feeling unwell, why does 'fresh air' always make you feel better?

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 When you're feeling unwell, why does 'fresh air' always make you feel better?

Because when you are stressed, your body changes your body rithm for your own sake to make you more alert or prepared for the reason whatever stresses you it doesn't know. This change is obviously bad for you it makes you feel even worse but as I stated your body is just trying to keep you safe in short term. Some of the changes are about your breathing and body heat. That is why taking some fresh air may help to recover also the change in environment makes your body think that you are avoiding the danger which can also help.


Question: Can someone explain to me why the Birthday Paradox exists?

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 Can someone explain to me why the Birthday Paradox exists?

The birthday paradox is a paradox ie being self-contradictory. A better name is the birthday problem because it is an unintuitive result, not a paradoxical result. It exists because the human brain has a very bad intuition for probability and randomness in general. It gets worse when we combined them and try to estimate the combined effect of both. [Look at this image.]( URL_1 ) one side is random and one is a human that attempts at random. Can you tell them apart? > !The human is to the left and the random is to the right. Human thing random is evenly spread out but in reality, you get a grouping of the point close together and large areas with nothing. We think of birthdays of people as evenly spread out but in reality, you get them close together and on the same day.! < > !We thing random in uniform but it is not ! < & #x200B; Here is another example [Random Sequences: Human vs Coin]( URL_0 ) So because we are bad at intuitive randomness and probability we think the result is strange.


Question: Why inhaling Helium gas makes your voice distorted?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 Why inhaling Helium gas makes your voice distorted?

When you talk, it's oxygen that goes through your voice box that makes your voice, which is heavier then helium. When it comes to helium it is a lighter gas which makes your voice a much higher pitch. Same reasoning when you inhale the stuff from whip cream but its heavier than oxygen which makes you sound very low.


Question: why ropes, cables and string tangle so easily, yet are so hard to untangle.?

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 why ropes, cables and string tangle so easily, yet are so hard to untangle.?

Because most people don't coil them correctly. About 1400 years ago, sailors noticed that when they coiled ropes in circles on deck after lifting sails, they tangled very easily. Each loop was parallel, and tiny movements caused complex, multi-loop knots. These sailors identified a figure-8 coiling technique, called flaking for a reason I couldn't find in Google, which makes tight coils that don't tangle. You can coil up your earphones this way and stick them in your pocket. When you pull them out, they will drop into a straight line without tangles. Alas, most people don't get much exposure to these square-rigger sailing techniques, so they just never heard of this.


Question: how does camera capture rate change depending on the amount of light being let in?

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 how does camera capture rate change depending on the amount of light being let in?

It's about shutter speed, or its set to auto. If it's shutter speed the difference is the amount of motion blur. The longer the shutter speed, the more light, the more blur. If it's set to auto the camera automatically switched to a higher capture rate because: If you have a shutter speed of 1/40th of a second you can have a max frame rate of 40. Or rather a bit less. This is in low light where the camera has to capture more light per frame If the shutter speed goes to 1/800th now, because it's brighter and the camera does not have to capture so much light you can have a video at as high as 120 frames per second or higher.


Question: Why is it so hard to disguise your hand writing?

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 Why is it so hard to disguise your hand writing?

First off, great show choice. I watch it all the time. You technically can change your handwriting. However, the caveat is that you'd need A LOT of time and practice. You've spent all of your pertinent childhood years writing a certain way so those quirks you've developed are essentially muscle memory by now. To change them would require discipline, practice, and patience. As for the criminals on the show? I doubt they are practicing for months or even years trying to forge a check. Maybe they'll practice on a few sheets of paper tops. Old habits are destined to leak. Edit: fixed “is that is that”


Question: Why do different compounds give certain colours when burned?

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 Why do different compounds give certain colours when burned?

Burning involves putting heat, which is energy, into a compound. At an atomic level, when an atom receives energy, the electrons get "excited". Electrons, roughly speaking, "orbit" the nucleus of the atom at a certain average distance away. When they get excited, they "jump" to a higher energy level. Imagine jolting the Earth with a lot of Energy and, poof, it suddenly is in the same orbit as Mars. The electron immediately wants to jump back down to its original level, but that means it would have to get rid of this energy, which it does, in the form of a photon. The specific "distance" of this jump determines the energy, and therefore frequency, and therefore color, of the photon. I put a lot of words in quotes because electrons don't neatly orbit nucleus like planets do and a lot of quantum stuff can happen that is counter intuitive, but this is the ELI5 version.


Question: aside from absentee ballots, why is voting on an election in the US limited to one day?

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 aside from absentee ballots, why is voting on an election in the US limited to one day?

The Constitution specifically states a singular "day". Article 2, Section 1, Clause 4: > The Congress may determine the Time of chusing [sic] the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States. We can't have an election week unless we amend the constitution. Edit: states have autonomy over their own election practices, so a state election could be whenever and for whatever period, at least theoretically.


Question: what does it really mean when they say a health system is going to collapse? What do that entail?

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 what does it really mean when they say a health system is going to collapse? What do that entail?

It means more patients than space available, too many people not enough hospital beds, and not enough supplies. Everybody is scrambling to make enough respirators, if you get sick and have respiratory failure without a respirator then you're out of luck. This is why the US government is asking everybody to stay home. We need to slow the spread to a rate our health system can handle.


Question: How does putting red meat on a black eye help?

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 How does putting red meat on a black eye help?

It doesn't don't do it. A long, long time ago, but in this galaxy, people had ice boxes. Literally a large box in which they stored a large block of ice a d the foods they wished to keep cold which were usually milk, meat, and butter. When someone got a boo-boo, they went for something cold to bring down the swelling. What did they have that was cold a d would conform to the shape of a face? Meat. Cartoons are what really spread this. Most people would have just used a wet rag. Meat was expensive and no one was wasting their dinner on your face. So, although there's a grain of truth in it, it really didn't happen as often as we think it would have.


Question: How is peach flavoring so easily captured in gummies, water, etc, when so many other flavors taste obviously fake?

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 How is peach flavoring so easily captured in gummies, water, etc, when so many other flavors taste obviously fake?

Peaches have less chemical complexity than something like a watermelon for instance. With a peach, scientists have discovered the right set of flavor molecules, sometimes referred to as esters, that create the proper taste of a peach. I also believe the main molecular component that gives a peach its taste can be used as a food additive, like the molecule found in apples. In contrast, the flavor molecule that makes up the most common watermelon taste; red innards, green rind, is referred to as an aldehyde, and isn't as simple. This molecule is too unstable to be made into a food additive. To top it off, watermelons (like bananas) have an incredibly rich and complex flavor profile in terms of chemical makeup. You also have far more varieties of a watermelon (also like bananas) than you do a peach, making it ever the more complicated. Unless somebody finds something that mimics the watermelon aldehyde properly, or can create a stable compound using it, you're stuck with not really watermelon flavored watermelon candy and/or treats. EDIT: My new top comment is about peaches, watermelons, and bananas. I'm confused.


Question: Why does helium raise the pitch of your voice, and why does nitrous oxide lower it?

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 Why does helium raise the pitch of your voice, and why does nitrous oxide lower it?

Everyone here who says “it because it makes your vocal cords vibrate faster” is absolutely incorrect. The vibration frequency of your vocal cords is determined by their length, not the speed of sound in the gas. What the gassed do is change the resonant frequency of the sinuses and vocal tract. This changes the timbre of your voice, not the actual pitch.


Question: Why do cars vibrate more when still in comparison to when they are moving?

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 Why do cars vibrate more when still in comparison to when they are moving?

Your car likely has a part that exists between your engine and your transmission called a torque converter. Your engine and transmission aren't directly connected by a solid rod, they're split by the torque converter, which is full of fluid. It allows the two to slip past one another, and provide bursts of extra torque when your car needs it. If you idle at a stoplight while still in Drive, your engine is still spinning, but your brakes have your transmission locked up. All of the force of your engine is being dissipated by your torque converter, which is slipping, and this causes a great deal of the shuddering. Put your car in neutral when you idle. The shuddering will decrease substantially and it's better for your torque converter. There's a reason why you can pop your gearshift between Drive and Neutral without pressing the gearshift switch.


Question: How are undersea fiber optic cables powered?

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 How are undersea fiber optic cables powered?

High voltages are necessary meaning that each signal booster will include its own power supply to convert the voltage to something it can actually. I mean, we already have power lines going many miles at a time. That's how you do it - send it at high voltage. It's the current (amps) that drain power over a long cable turning it into heat. "Power consumption along the way" doesn't mean anything. You wouldn't want each repeater's power supply chained up to the next one. You'd do it how your home electricity is wired: each outlet is a split off a single master feed. The voltage will drop slowly over the long distance but power supplies are designed with tolerances, and can be made with very large tolerances if need be. Most of your home electrical stuff already supports anything from 100 to 240 volts.


Question: how do beans cause so much more gas than other foods?

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 how do beans cause so much more gas than other foods?

Beans have a thin layer of stuff like wax that coats the outside and makes them shiny. This wax isn't food so it goes through your whole system without digesting. The different parts of your stomach and good bacteria in your guts transform it and change it many ways but it's still not absorbed as food and it causes the bacteria to make gas. You can make beans in a way that washes off the wax but it's not easy and sometimes takes an entire day just for one pot of beans.


Question: how do diseases get their names?

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 how do diseases get their names?

Some diseases have had old world names that stuck around due to just the convenience like malaria, literally Italian for “bad air.” Some names like Syphilis used to be called “The French Pox” but for obvious reasons got thrown out and replaced with a less controversial name (named now after a fictional character with the same namesake). Finally you get stuff like HIV, which literally is what it is, Human Immunodeficiency Virus.


Question: When you lay down why is it that sometimes it feels like the whole world is shaking and spinning violently? am i feeling the earth spin or is it a mental thing?

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 When you lay down why is it that sometimes it feels like the whole world is shaking and spinning violently? am i feeling the earth spin or is it a mental thing?

That is not a normal sensation. Your sense of balance is determined by your inner ear. If you are experiencing sensations of movement when you are lying still it means that your inner ear function is impaired. It could be an infection or caused by something much worse. You should see a doctor as soon as possible. Edit: impaired*


Question: Why do vegetables taste so different depending on how they’ve been cooked?

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 Why do vegetables taste so different depending on how they’ve been cooked?

In my simple thoughts about it, steaming is keeping the water trapped in with the sprouts, while roasted allows the water to escape and for the sprout to char a bit. Obviously charring changes the flavor but the loss of water would change the sprouts just like drying out or toasting bread changes it.