Question: "What's the craziest coffee cup lid you've seen?"

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 "What's the craziest coffee cup lid you've seen?"

The designer Louise Harpman and the architect Scott Specht are both coffee connoisseurs, but not in the way you might expect. They’re not as much enamored by the beverage as they are by what prevents it from spilling: the coffee cup lid. Together, they own the world’s largest collection of disposable coffee lids.
The coffee cup lid is one of those seemingly mundane inventions that are so fully integrated into modern life, they’re easy to overlook. But as Harpman details in the introduction to the new book she co-wrote with Specht, Coffee Lids: Peel, Pinch, Pucker, Puncture, there is a fascinating design history behind the objects.
Atlas Obscura caught up with Harpman and Spect about their new book, the evolution of lid designs, and what the future holds for the coffee cup lid.
Why did you start collecting coffee cup lids?
Louise Harpman: Drink-through plastic coffee lids began to populate the urban landscape in North America in the early 1980s when I was in college. Taking coffee “to go” became a common activity, and that’s when I began noticing that different coffee shops used different lids. When I noticed a new lid, I would get one, whether or not I was buying a coffee from that particular shop. The fascination was—and still is—watching how behavior and design were so intimately linked.
Scott Specht: I never initially saw myself a collector—I did love to accumulate random, often ephemeral items that I found to be beautiful (and that were literally found—in dumpsters, old factories, etc.) I did begin to notice, however, that I was accumulating more coffee lids than other items, and began to appreciate the often over-the-top attempts to engineer a solution to the problem of “coffee slosh.” This led to a curiosity about why there is such a profusion of lid types. This also led to many acid-free portfolio boxes full of lids stashed under the bed.
I’ve also always been fascinated with “design bubbles”—brief periods of time in which an object or product undergoes a rapid evolutionary profusion. Toothbrushes followed a similar arc, from simple commodity that was formally the same despite manufacturer, to today’s range of endless variations with different grips, bristle types, degrees of mechanization, etc. As our collection increased, I could see the evidence of a similar phenomenon taking place with coffee lids.
Tell me a little bit about the taxonomy you’ve used to categorize the lids, and how it originated.
SS: The categories (roughly) follow the chronological development of the lids. The first drink lids were homemade hacks made to simple, flat lids—people would just tear a ragged wedge from the side and hope for the best. This led to the first “peel” lids, in which the tearing process was aided by perforations as well as indentations to lock the resultant tab in place. Then, in the 1980s a profusion of specifically designed “drink lids” attempted to improve the experience. This “golden age” produced some often ungainly solutions such as the “pinch” and “puncture” variants that are now rare. Currently, the “pucker” lid—in which a higher dome, ergonomic lip, oval slot, and inexpensive one-piece design has become the standard.
What do you think is the next evolutionary step for the coffee cup lid?
LH: Lid design has certainly changed with the introduction of so many foamy drinks. The lids with additional “loft space” are meant to accommodate the latte lovers and whipped cream connoisseurs of the world. The other trend focuses on the introduction of new materials. We start to see more compostable plastics (which should be the norm, not the exception), and thermochromic plastic which changes color relative to the heat of the drink.
SS: Of course, the lid of the future will incorporate web connectivity and photovoltaic power sources… We are now seeing the arrival of many lids that are sculpted into decorative forms such as faces, lids that can change color as with the thermochromic lids, and lids that “plus” the drinking experience with enhanced aroma concentration.
What are your hopes in sharing this collection with the world?
LH: I want people to experience the fundamental and deeply satisfying pleasure of looking. Just looking at the things that surround us. Coffee lids are modest modern marvels, but we rarely slow down and take the time to consider, admire, or even wonder about these humble masterpieces.
SS: There is a basic aesthetic pleasure in simply seeing a presentation of similar, but not identical objects. It can also inspire deep curiosity—trying to figure out why the objects differ, and what forces produced those differences. Our collection started with a shared interest in one common, overlooked object. It led into a fascinating subculture of designers trying to solve a problem, often in bizarre and seemingly counterintuitive ways. There is a story in these lids, and I think it is a narrative worth sharing.
LH: Just one favorite? Impossible! They all have their own personalities.
SS: My favorites always exhibit some element of overwrought madness. The Philip Lid is a great example. It not only has a complicated design with a system of internal vents and reinforcement channels, but it could only be used with the accompanying patented Philip Cup (styrofoam only!). Needless to say, this evolutionary dead-end didn’t entice too many coffee shop owners to buy.
A tour of the city's most striking signs.


Question: Have you heard about Bruce Springsteen's new autobiography?

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 Have you heard about Bruce Springsteen's new autobiography?

Bruce Springsteen has written of his long battle with depression and his difficult relationship with his father, in his forthcoming autobiography Born to Run.
The 66-year-old singer – nicknamed the Boss – reveals that he first saw a psychotherapist more than three decades ago and that his wife, the singer Patti Scialfa, has witnessed his bouts of mental illness.
In what has been one of the most anticipated rock memoirs for years, Springsteen describes how he struggled with depression at the time of his 2012 album Wrecking Ball, which included the song This Depression.
In his book, Springsteen says his father had relatives with mental health issues, including agoraphobia and hair-pulling disorders, which were undiagnosed or not discussed. “As a child, it was simply mysterious, embarrassing and ordinary,” he writes.
In the interview he detailed his troubled relationship with his father, recalling that Springsteen Sr was unable to tell his son “I love you” before his death in 1998. “You’d hear his voice breaking up, but he couldn’t get out the words,” he said.
Born to Run is published by Simon & Schuster on 27 September. Springsteen has previously written that the book will be both “a continuation of that story and a search into its origins”. He noted that one of the questions he was often asked was “How do you do it?” and said Born to Run tried to answer both how and why.
Last month Springsteen teased fans by publishing a brief foreword from Born to Run, the memoir, on his website. It read: “I come from a boardwalk town where almost everything is tinged with a bit of fraud. So am I.
Springsteen has been touring with his E Street Band since January following last year’s release of The Ties That Bind, a box set of sessions for his 1980 double album The River. An album of new songs is expected from the musician next year.


Question: What is the W-71 nuclear warhead? Respond in 1 sentences.

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 What is the W-71 nuclear warhead? Respond in 1 sentences.

The W-71 nuclear warhead was a US thermonuclear warhead developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California and deployed on the LIM-49A Spartan missile, a component of the Safeguard Program, an anti-ballistic missile (ABM) defense system briefly deployed by the US in the 1970s.


Question: Respond in 4 sentences. Describe the life and work of Charles Bell Birch.

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 Respond in 4 sentences. Describe the life and work of Charles Bell Birch.

Charles Bell Birch (September 28, 1832 – October 16, 1893) was a British sculptor.
Birch was born in Brixton, son of the author and translator Jonathan Birch (1783–1847) and his wife Esther (née Brooke). As a child he showed artistic promise, and at the age of twelve he was admitted to study at Somerset House School of Design. In the following year, 1845, his father moved to Germany, and Birch attended the Royal Academy in Berlin, where he produced his first significant work, a bust of the British Ambassador to Berlin, the Earl of Westmoreland.


Question: Provide a description of Howard University's football program.

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 Provide a description of Howard University's football program.

The following is a list of Howard Bison football seasons for the football team that has represented Howard University in NCAA competition.


Question: Respond in 4 sentences. How was the Karol Bagh Lok Sabha constituency formed?

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 Respond in 4 sentences. How was the Karol Bagh Lok Sabha constituency formed?

Karol Bagh Lok Sabha constituency was a Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituency in the Indian National Capital Territory of Delhi. This constituency came into existence in 1961. It was abolished after the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission were approved by the presidential notification on 19 February 2008. This constituency was reserved for the candidates belonging to the scheduled castes.


Question: Describe Great Divide Barrel Aged Yeti Imperial Stout.

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 Describe Great Divide Barrel Aged Yeti Imperial Stout.

Great Divide Barrel Aged Yeti Imperial Stout is returning to shelves as you read this.
The 12% alcohol by volume imperial stout is aged in whiskey barrels for as least 12 months. The beer is sporting a new look this year as well.
Great Divide Barrel Aged Yeti Imperial Stout is available in 750 milliliter bottles. Available in limited quantities in November, 2015.


Question: What is a curandero? Respond in 7 sentences.

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 What is a curandero? Respond in 7 sentences.

A curandero (, healer; f. "curandera") or curandeiro (, f. "curandeira") is a traditional native healer/shaman found in Latin America, the United States and Southern Europe. The curandero's life is dedicated to the administration of remedies for mental, emotional, physical and spiritual illnesses. The role of a curandero can also incorporate the roles of psychiatrist along with that of doctor and healer. Some curanderos, such as Don Pedrito, the Healer of Los Olmos, make use of simple herbs, waters, and even mud to effect their cures. Others add Catholic elements, such as holy water and pictures of saints. The use of Roman Catholic prayers and other borrowings and lendings is often found alongside native religious elements. Many curanderos emphasize their native spirituality in healing while being practicing Roman Catholics.


Question: "It looks like Brian Michael Bendis is sticking with DC for a while."

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 "It looks like Brian Michael Bendis is sticking with DC for a while."

That’s good news for the industry, as it’s not clear that most people even understand that comics are still a thing you can buy, even if they enjoy the intellectual properties derived from them in movies and television shows. It’s quite a show of support by DC for The Great One… though maybe DC Publisher Dan DiDio has some other motivation as well.
But still, it’s mostly about Bendis. And how does The Great One repay DC for their kindness and support? By going over the page count for Man of Steel #6. For shame!
Man of Steel #6 hits stores tomorrow. Superman #1 and Action Comics #1001 follow later in July.


Question: What is "Rebel Girl" by Bikini Kill? Respond in 69 words.

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 What is "Rebel Girl" by Bikini Kill? Respond in 69 words.

"Rebel Girl" is a song by American punk rock band Bikini Kill. The song was released in three different recorded versions in 1993 – on an EP, an LP, and a 7-inch single. The single version was produced by Joan Jett and features her on guitar and background vocals. Widely considered a classic example of punk music, the song remains emblematic of the riot grrrl movement of the 1990s.


Question: Describe how Mark Levin's new show on Fox News may impact the network.

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 Describe how Mark Levin's new show on Fox News may impact the network.

Mark Levin arguably ranks just behind Rush Limbaugh and Sean Hannity for influence in the world of conservative talk radio hosts.
Mark Levin gives the network one more fierce defender of the president, protecting its flank from alt-right competitors.
Fox News announced on Tuesday that it is hiring conservative commentator Mark Levin to host a new show at 10 p.m. Sundays, drawing the network ever closer to its pro-Trump base and further protecting it from future competition on the right.
The show, which will be called “Life, Liberty & Levin,” is scheduled to debut in February.
Levin, who arguably ranks just behind Rush Limbaugh and Sean Hannity for influence in the world of conservative talk-radio hosts, has been critical of President Donald Trump in the past. He supported Sen. Ted Cruz in the 2016 Republican presidential primary and even identified himself as a member of the “Never Trump” movement — until he decided to support Trump.
He has seldom looked back since. Levin helped popularize the conspiracy theory that former President Barack Obama was wiretapping Trump Tower — an idea ultimately picked up by Trump himself — and is known for promoting ideas in line with the president. Just recently, he has bashed the Robert Mueller investigation, backed Trump on “extreme vetting” and complained about the “liberal media” ignoring various Clinton-related issues.
Though Fox News has always been known for the conservative tilt of its commentators, in the year since Trump’s election, the network has stuffed its lineup of opinion hosts with consistent cheerleaders for the president. Former mainstay Megyn Kelly was known for feuding with Trump, and even Bill O’Reilly — who was forced out by the network in April amid sexual harassment accusations — would break with him occasionally, but Fox’s current prime-time lineup of Hannity, Tucker Carlson and Laura Ingraham rarely criticizes Trump, and goes to great lengths to defend him. Levin fits into that mold.
The 10 p.m. Sunday time slot is not a high-profile one, though it could lead to bigger things, according to Brian Wieser, a senior analyst at Pivotal Research.
Shelley also noted that the move locks in Levin — a highly established name in conservative media — from joining other competitors.
“We all know that Breitbart and others are seeing in the current Trump deregulatory climate opportunities to take on Fox News, so Fox, for the first time maybe in its entire history, is having to protect its flanks,” he said.
Over the past year, Fox has been steadily adding programming, including three more hours of "Fox & Friends" in the morning and three more hours of news programming during the day, in addition to building out its weekend lineup. Levin’s show will replace what is currently a replay of "Fox News Sunday" with Chris Wallace.
Wieser said there’s a certain economic logic to Fox doubling down on pro-Trump hosts. Last month, for instance, Fox News was the top-rated cable news network with, according to Wieser’s analysis of Nielsen numbers, 24.1 percent of Americans watching at least one minute of the network. Considering, he says, that Trump seems to have a solid base of support that hovers around 35 percent to 40 percent, appealing to that hard-core group can be fruitful.


Question: What can you tell me about Andrew Oldham and his confirmation to the federal bench?

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 What can you tell me about Andrew Oldham and his confirmation to the federal bench?

Oldham is the third Texas nominee to be confirmed to the powerful, conservative-leaning appeals court since President Donald Trump took office.
Andrew Oldham was confirmed to the federal bench Wednesday by a 50–49 vote, making him the the fourth alumnus of the Texas Attorney General’s Office to join the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals since President Donald Trump took office. That tally made his confirmation the narrowest of any Texas judicial nominee under Trump.
Oldham currently serves as Republican Gov. Greg Abbott’s top legal adviser.
Born in 1978, Oldham is decades younger than the average judge on the New Orleans-based court, and years younger than most were when they were appointed. He’ll join two Texas judges — former Texas Solicitor General James Ho and former Texas Supreme Court Justice Don Willett — who were confirmed to the powerful, conservative federal appeals court in December.
But Oldham seemed to face more resistance from Senate Democrats than either Willett or Ho, largely because he refused at his April 25 confirmation hearing — as another nominee had weeks earlier — to say whether Brown v. Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court’s landmark desegregation case, was correctly decided. Oldham did say the ruling "corrected an egregious legal error,” but he declined to discuss the ruling itself, claiming that doing so would violate judicial ethics codes for nominees.
Oldham’s response sparked outrage among Democrats, who have pointed out that past judicial nominees, including several U.S. Supreme Court justices, have cited no such restriction. Republicans, including U.S. Sen. John Cornyn of Texas, said Oldham made it clear that he supported school desegregation and dismissed the quibble over his response as “a phony, made-up issue.” Debate over Oldham and other nominees who refused to endorse the Brown ruling occupied several hours of discussion in the Senate Judiciary Committee May 17, delaying several nominees’ expected committee approval by a week.
That controversy seems to have been reflected in senators' votes: Oldham’s confirmation was slightly narrower than those of Texas’ other circuit court hopefuls. Ho was confirmed 53-43 and Willett, more narrowly, by a 50-47 vote.
Abbott staffers have had good luck with federal judicial appointments since Trump took office, leading many experts and political observers to speculate that Abbott has been unusually involved in the nomination process. And even nominees outside Texas have ties to the state attorney general's office: Kyle Duncan, a former assistant solicitor general for Texas, was confirmed to a Louisiana seat on the 5th Circuit in April.
The 5th Circuit, which hears cases from Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi, has long been considered one of the country’s most politically conservative appeals courts. There is a long list of high-profile Texas cases pending before that court, including several voting rights cases, and a legal challenge to the Obama-era Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program is expected to land there as well. Oldham would have to recuse himself from any litigation he directly worked on for the state of Texas.


Question: Could you tell me about the Battle of Forts Clinton and Montgomery? Respond in 196 words.

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 Could you tell me about the Battle of Forts Clinton and Montgomery? Respond in 196 words.

The Battle of Forts Clinton and Montgomery was an American Revolutionary War battle fought in the highlands of the Hudson River valley, not far from West Point, on October 6, 1777. British forces under the command of General Sir Henry Clinton captured Fort Clinton and Fort Montgomery, and then dismantled the Hudson River Chain. The purpose of the attack was to create a diversion to draw American troops from the army of General Horatio Gates, whose army was opposing British General John Burgoyne's attempt to gain control of the Hudson.
The forts were garrisoned by about 600 Continental Army troops under the command of two brothers, General (and Governor of New York) George Clinton, and General James Clinton, while General Israel Putnam led additional troops at nearby Peekskill, New York. (This battle is also sometimes called the "battle of the Clintons" due to the number of participants with that name. The brothers were probably not related to Sir Henry.) Using a series of feints, Henry Clinton fooled Putnam into withdrawing most of his troops to the east, and then he landed over 2,000 troops on the west side of the Hudson to assault the two forts.


Question: What are L.L. Bean's new return policies? Respond in 8 sentences.

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 What are L.L. Bean's new return policies? Respond in 8 sentences.

FREEPORT, Maine (AP) — L.L. Bean’s generous return policy is going to be a little less forgiving: The company, which has touted its 100 percent satisfaction guarantee for more than a century, is imposing a one-year limit on most returns to reduce growing abuse and fraud.
‘‘There is no one in this family who would’ve allowed this to happen if they thought that L.L. would be upset with us, like, if he would be rolling over in his grave,’’ Gorman said.
Over the past five years, the company has lost $250 million on returned items that are classified by the company as ‘‘destroy quality,’’ said L.L. Bean spokeswoman Carolyn Beem.
‘‘Destroy quality’’ items are destined for the landfill. First-quality products are returned to store shelves and ‘‘seconds’’ are sold at outlets or donated to charity.


Question: Describe the species Cyclophora pendularia. Respond briefly.

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 Describe the species Cyclophora pendularia. Respond briefly.

Cyclophora pendularia, the dingy mocha, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Carl Alexander Clerck in 1759 and it can be found in the Palearctic ecozone.


Question: What do you know about Lion's Arch?

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 What do you know about Lion's Arch?

Scarlet is on the attack! After months of preparation, the arch-villain descends on Lion’s Arch with all of her deadly forces. Now is the time to rally together and defend the besieged city.
Scarlet’s troops are attacking from airships over Lion’s Arch.
Save as many citizens as you can before the miasma overwhelms the city!
As Scarlet fills the port city with lethal miasma, your priority is clear: you must join forces with the Lionguard to evacuate as many of the citizens and merchants of Lion’s Arch as possible. From the great Commodore Lawson Marriner down to the smallest child, people are the most precious resources of Lion’s Arch.
Tyria’s three orders, the Durmand Priory, the Vigil, and the Order of Whispers, have joined with the Lionguard to set up temporary shelters to house the city’s refugees. Visit these camps to talk with refugees and ensure the safety of the fleeing citizens. The Vigil Keep has become an impromptu service hub; head there to find relocated Lion’s Arch vendors.
The challenge is great, but so are the rewards!
As you help citizens flee Lion’s Arch, gather up lost belongings and return them to refugees in the camps. Collect supplies from your foes, which you can use to craft new back items. More rewards await those who come to the defense of Lion’s Arch, from new utility feasts to endless quaggan tonics! The more citizens you save, the higher your reward level – the most effective defenders even have a rare chance at rewards from past releases!
Get free, immediate access to the new Captain’s Airship from any PvE map! With every conceivable convenience from Black Lion Traders to crafting stations to our own Mystic Forge, this is a one-stop shop for all your needs! Purchase a one-week pass to try it out or a permanent pass for a life of luxury! Act quickly – the permanent pass is available this week only!
Put on a one of the brand-new Zodiac armors and let the real you shine through! These stellar new armors are the most daring we’ve created to date!
Summon a horde of vengeful Ascalonian spirits to trample your vanquished foes! Nothing stings quite like being trampled by an ectoplasmic army.
Black Lion Chests now have a chance to drop a Mini Marjory Delaqua or Mini Mai Trin. In addition to all the normal Black Lion Chest rewards, you’ll also get five Bags of Alliance Supplies every time you open a Chest!
My stock manager assures me that this lovable little golem is at the absolute cutting edge of plant-harvesting technology!
Captain Magnus the Bloody-Handed is a remarkable man! Not everyone has a legend to match his, but you can borrow his sense of style with his new Eye Patch universal helm skin – get both left and right patches for the price of one!


Question: Describe Barbara Meislin.

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 Describe Barbara Meislin.

Barbara Meislin (known as the Purple Lady of Tiburon) is an American author, singer, philanthropist, and healer, known locally in the town of Tiburon, California, for a devotion to things colored purple.


Question: Describe the features and benefits of a Max-Stream AC2600 WiFi Router.

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 Describe the features and benefits of a Max-Stream AC2600 WiFi Router.

Latest WiFi Router AC technology for simultaneously streaming and gaming on multiple devices.
Monitor and control your home WiFi network from anywhere through the Linksys Smart WiFi website or the Linksys App.
A certified refurbished Max-Stream AC2600 Router is the ultimate solution for multi-device households. Breakthrough MU-MIMO technology delivers 4.6x* faster WiFi speeds to everyone and everything on your busy network. Now the whole household can play video games, listen to music, check email, shop, stream movies, and more--all simultaneously and without lag or buffering.
The certified refurbished Max-Stream AC2600 Router delivers plenty of bandwidth to all of your connected devices such as streaming media players, smart TVs, tablets, and game consoles--maintaining a fast, uninterrupted WiFi connection even if multiple family members are all connected at the same time. This allows everyone in your household to connect to the Internet at the same time without slowing down your network.
Shop online, send emails, and even set up your router from your mobile device in any room of your home without having to worry about signal drop-off. Beamforming technology delivers whole-home coverage that targets WiFi signals to provide increased signal strength and coverage for each mobile device. The Linksys App allows you to monitor your home network anywhere from your mobile device.


Question: Describe the QAnon movement.

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 Describe the QAnon movement.

Among the rally-goers at President Trump's Make America Great Again event in Florida on Tuesday were followers of a growing right-wing conspiracy theory — the QAnon crowd.
The big picture: A conspiracy theory that started in fringe online chatrooms has leaped to major political events. Whether President Trump does or does not know about the movement isn't of concern to "the anons," as they call themselves, since they often find signs of his support in almost anything.
To understand the movement, it's important to understand its language.
"Q" is an anonymous internet user who claims to be a top government official. Per The Washington Post, Q is "waging war against the so-called deep state in service" to Trump.
"Anons" are supporters of Q, The Daily Beast's Will Sommer reports.
Q drops "bread crumbs," deeply vague hints, for "bakers," the users who then rush to decipher them.
All of this is leading up to "the storm," which is when the QAnon community believes Trump will purge the government of criminals and deep state operatives.
According to Sommer, the main idea behind the movement is that every other president before Trump was corrupt and involved in serious criminal activity. The military then recruited Trump to run for president in order to stop it.
Special counsel Robert Mueller is a "white hat," or hero of the movement, who was hired by Trump to expose Democrats.
Those that don't support Trump, including Sen. John McCain and Hillary Clinton aide Huma Abedin, "wear ankle monitors that track their whereabouts."
"Trump uses his hands to make a 'Q' sign as a signal to them."
A QAnon supporter requested that Trump use the phrase "tip top" during his State of the Union. He didn't, but he did say it during a speech at the White House Easter Egg Roll, which was good enough for the anons.
Trump's cryptic comment last year at a dinner with military leaders — "Maybe it's the calm before the storm" — was grabbed onto by the movement (hence, "the storm" mentioned above).
While QAnon supporters are certainly just a small minority of Trump supporters, their presence at a relatively mainstream presidential event is indicative of an ongoing erosion of norms at Trump rallies.


Question: Respond in 0 words. What's up?

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 Respond in 0 words. What's up?


Question: Provide a brief biography of Chi Cao Respond in 15 words.

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 Provide a brief biography of Chi Cao Respond in 15 words.

Chi Cao (; b. March 22, 1978) is a British ballet dancer born in China.


Question: Describe what the new Hulu experience will be like.

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 Describe what the new Hulu experience will be like.

Somehow Hulu got a lot simpler even as it added a major new video source.
Last May, Hulu announced plans to start streaming live TV, much like Dish's Sling TV and Sony's PlayStation Vue services -- but the company hasn't offered up many details on how this would all tie into the existing Hulu on-demand service. That's changing today, as Hulu is now showing off an entirely redesigned user experience that will debut alongside its live TV service later this year.
Surprisingly enough, even though one service is now managing two different video functions, everything looks a lot more streamlined compared to the current Hulu experience. Hulu's senior vice president of experience, Ben Smith, told Engadget that the goal with the redesign was to focus on getting viewers the specific show they were looking for, regardless of whether it's on live TV or in Hulu's on-demand library.
The start of the new Hulu experience consists of an onboarding process that asks you what types of shows you're interested in, serving up various categories like medical dramas, edgy sitcoms, superheroes and so on. From there, you can pick specific shows and networks you're interested in. It's unclear if existing users will get this new onboarding process, but the ultimate goal is to make sure the service isn't guessing about what you might want to watch. In this case, you're telling it explicitly.
Once you're set up, you'll be dropped into the dramatically streamlined Hulu interface. It's pretty jarring compared to the rather complicated interface we're used to, but fortunately the new design is pretty self-explanatory. The first thing you'll see is what Hulu calls the "lineup," an area that collects live content you might want to watch alongside on-demand things you've been watching and recommendations for things that are similar to what you've told the service you like.
From there, scrolling to the right will show you the standard Hulu categories like TV, movies, Hulu originals, networks, et cetera. There's also a tab showing you what'll expire from the service so you can watch it before it goes away. These are all features you'll find in Hulu currently, but the interface is far less cluttered than it used to be despite it managing both on-demand and live shows.
When you're watching live TV, you have the option to jump back to the start of a program if you're coming in late. (But not for every show because the networks still like to make things needlessly complicated when it comes to replay rights.) You can also pull up a program guide showing you everything that's live at a given moment as well as what's on the schedule for the network you're currently watching.
A TV UI makes a lot more sense to see than describe, but my initial impression of the new Hulu UI is that they've figured out how to add live TV to the service without making things more confusing or complicated for the user, and that's a big win. It feels more like an evolved and simplified version of Hulu than something resembling the more complex cable box UIs that we all fight with. It's program-centric, with Smith saying that Hulu wanted to make it easy for you to both find things you want to watch now and save things you want to watch later. It's an obvious goal, but it's also easier said than done.
Another big part of the new service is making sure Hulu users don't miss programming they care about. To that end, the company is adding notifications to its mobile app. Fortunately, Smith says they're "starting slowly with just two notification scenarios focused on live sports." In addition to telling Hulu what shows you like, you can tell it what specific sports teams you may care about. You'll then get notifications when a game starts, and you can either start watching immediately or save the game to your cloud DVR to watch later. And if you tell Hulu you're a fan of specific sports, it'll alert you when something noteworthy is happening regardless of team -- say, a potential no-hitter or a close basketball game going into overtime.
Smith acknowledges that Hulu is going to have a lot of work to do to get its live TV implementation right, but he thinks they're on the right track. "We have millions of subscribers and eight years of experience in on-demand content, but we have zero years of experience and zero million live TV subscribers," he says. "But TV is now a landscape littered with broken relationships. People don't love how they get TV. We needed to build an experience that people will want to use right now and that will last for the next three to five years."
We're still a ways out from this new experience launching, but Smith seemed confident that the new Hulu will launch this spring, with a price of under $40 (the existing on-demand plans will remain as well). And there's a good lineup of channels on board, including all Turner networks, all Disney networks (including ABC and ESPN), Fox, the recently-announced CBS and more. NBC isn't on board yet, but Smith says Hulu's having "good conversations" and that NBC "should be on board by launch." If Hulu can deliver all that, plus its existing on-demand experience for under $40, the company could become the best option out there for cord-cutters.


Question: What happened with South Carolina's net metering cap?

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 What happened with South Carolina's net metering cap?

South Carolina state senators on the joint-chamber budget conference committee Tuesday night removed a budget amendment that would have lifted the state's net metering cap.
The 2% cap established in a 2014 bill was "intended to enable the solar industry to stand on its own after the caps had been met," Duke Energy spokesperson Ryan Mosier told Utility Dive via email.
Solar developer Sunrun estimated that Duke Energy will reach the 2% cap soon, with SCE&G following by the end of the year. Duke Energy estimates that its Carolinas division is the only utility that will meet the state's cap before 2019. SCE&G estimates that it will reach the net energy metering cap set forth by Act 236 in mid-2019, according to a spokesperson.
"When Duke reaches its limit on solar energy over the next few weeks, hundreds of industry workers will be forced to leave" the region, Tyson Grinstead, Sunrun's southeast director of public policy, said in a statement. "Households will no longer have the freedom to choose solar energy as an alternative to paying the highest energy bills in the country."
Before making its way into the budget process, the policy to increase the state's residential solar market cap was raised in April and failed due to procedural wrangling. Afterwards, South Carolina's House version of the budget doubled the net metering cap to 4%.
Vote Solar pointed out that the budget amendment was the final way during this legislative year to lift the net metering cap. The solar advocacy group will work during next year's session to remove the "arbitrary limits," regional director Thad Culley said in a statement.
Since the act that established the 2% cap was a collaboration, Duke Energy suggests a similar approach to "common-sense" legislation to balance local stakeholder interests, including those of energy companies and customers who do not use solar. The language that was struck out of the proposed state budget "would have continued to grow that anti-competitive policy well into the future," Mosier wrote.
SCE&G said it played an integral role in designing the bill that originally created net metering and the 2% caps in the state, and welcomed collaboration on future solar policy that would "fairly address cost shifts" between solar and non-solar customers.
"Our goal has, and will continue to be, protecting customers while encouraging renewable development," Aimee Murray, spokesperson for SCE&G's parent company SCANA, told Utility Dive via email.


Question: Describe the findings of the Misliya Jawbone and its implications for early human migrations out of Africa.

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 Describe the findings of the Misliya Jawbone and its implications for early human migrations out of Africa.

3-D reconstruction of the Misliya jawbone.
The findings at Misliya coincide with a recent genetic study that offered tantalizing evidence for the influx of genetic material into the Neanderthal gene pool from Africa. The researchers relied on ancient mitochondrial DNA extracted from a Neanderthal femur (leg bone) discovered in Germany. The African species involved was not clear, but the older dates for the earliest Homo sapiens fossils at Jebel Irhoud in Morocco make it clear that modern humans were already present in Africa at this time. These genetic results suggest the possibility of an earlier modern human migration out of Africa - at least as far back as 220,000 years ago and probably earlier.


Question: What do you think of Leslie Nielsen's comedic performance in the classic comedy movie Naked Gun?

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 What do you think of Leslie Nielsen's comedic performance in the classic comedy movie Naked Gun?

The gritty realism of Naked Gun.
This is part of a series on 1980s comedies. The last entry on Big Trouble in Little China is here.
"To think, if I shoot someone tomorrow I could be arrested," Lt. Frank Drebin (Leslie Nielsen) muses as he clears out his desk in Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad! (1988) Drebin loves being a police officer because it means he can murder with impunity. The offhand line is one of the most pointed critiques of policing I've ever seen on film.
The critique can be so pointed precisely because it's offhand; Naked Gun isn't actually an indictment of the police. Instead, the film is a broad police procedural parody with nothing in particular happening beyond getting to the next gag. As an example, in one scene, the female lead, Jane Spencer (Priscilla Presley), is climbing a ladder to rummage on an upper shelf as Drebin looks up her skirt. "Nice beaver!" he says. "Thanks!" she replies, as she hands him down a giant-stuffed beaver. Rim shot.
The film, then, is assiduously, determinedly, ruthlessly bone-dumb. But for that very reason, it’s inadvertently more realistic, and more unflinching, than the gritty police dramas it is trying to gently parody.
Police are ubiquitous onscreen. They’re perhaps the single most popular protagonists on television; every week, police, or detectives working with the police, solve more murders on TV than occur in an entire year in real life. Television and movie cops—like those on Law & Order: SVU—are generally dedicated and competent. They may make mistakes because of their overzealous desire for justice, but they mean well. Corrupt cops are aberrations, who are brought to justice by good cops by the end of the episode—or by the end of the season at least.
Even when cops are shown to bend or break the rules, as in Luther or True Detective, their infractions are presented as part of a pursuit of evil which, whatever its flaws, is necessary. If you kill someone or rough someone up in pursuit of a serial killer, can you really be blamed? Cops sometimes do wrong, but their jobs are right; they do necessary work.
And then there's Lt. Drebin. Drebin is, in theory, engaged in a serious, worthwhile cause—he's trying to prevent the assassination of Queen Elizabeth (Jeannette Charles). But most of his actions seem designed less to protect the monarch than to terrorize the populace. Wherever he drives, he runs his car into innocent bystanders, knocking them off piers or scaffolding, or simply ramming into them. He breaks the law against warrantless searches in order to break into a suspect's home, where he accidentally sets a roomful of priceless artifacts on fire. Even in the opening credits, we see a driver's view of a police cruiser racing down wet city streets, then steering into a suburban home and forcing the residents to flee, then driving through a woman's locker-room, and finally, inevitably, pulling up to a donut shop.
The joke of Naked Gun is that Drebin is incompetent, but wins the day anyway. No matter how much destruction he causes, his buddies on the force love him. Violating the law, burning an office down, and sexually harassing a woman in her home doesn't get him prosecuted—he's just suspended. And his boss doesn't enforce that. No matter what cops do, they don't get arrested. At the climax of the film he accidentally knocks the bad guy, played by Mexican actor Ricardo Montalban, off a balcony. The bad guy plunges to his death, and is then run over by a truck and a steamroller. Drebin's boss winces, but sometimes that's what happens to people of color who defy the cops.
Again, Frank Drebin is just a joke; neither creators nor audience are supposed to take him at seriously. As a result, he can tell the truth—which is that police are dangerous. Drebin has no accountability; he can kidnap, assault, burn, and pillage, and there are no consequences. The good he does is arbitrary and accidental; the harm is unrelenting and systemic. That's not especially funny, even if you are only allowed to say it in a comedy.


Question: Hey, have you heard of Wordle? What's the best way to use it?

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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Hey, have you heard of Wordle? What's the best way to use it?

Wordle is a great site you can use to create word clouds, by simply inputting a ton of text and hitting create after which it will organize them and display the most frequent words, with the most frequent ones in larger font. Since frequency lists aren't available for all languages on Wiktionary, Wordle is a good way to create your own. Here's how to best use it.
First, find a ton of text in the language you are studying. The more the better, but it doesn't have to be unbelievably extensive. Keep in mind that when using another language you're going to be talking about subjects you know about anyway (i.e. if you are a rock climber then you'll probably have an easy time talking to others about rock climbing and other outdoorsy subjects), and in fact choosing content that interests you might even end up with a better frequency list than those on Wiktionary, as they are sometimes biased towards literature and hard news, since that's where most of the content usually comes from. And if you just want to chat in the language then find forums and chat rooms to copy content from.
To make things easy, let's just copy this huge page on the Norwegian Wikipedia on the history of the church in China, as well as the one on the Winter War (Vinterkrigen) in order to balance out words on China and the church with some other subjects. Be sure to save it separately though, as a Wordpad/Notebook/Word-type of file, as you will be altering it later.
The default setting for Wordle is 150 words (this can be changed), so there we have a fairly good representation of the 150 most frequent words in Norwegian.
Now comes the fun part. Most of these words you will know even after a few days studying the language, so begin with the largest word and start taking them out one by one by using find and replace, replacing the words with nothing. Be sure to use a space in between the words (e.g. og not og) because otherwise it will remove the text from inside other words as well, and ruin everything. You'll also need to replace the word with a space or the remaining words will stick together.
Okay, let's take out og (and), som (which/as/that), av (of), det (that/it), i (in), var (was), for (for), med (with), and til (to/till).
Now those words we removed are gone, and remaining words like de and ble have become the most common. Let's remove a lot more this time. We'll get rid of en (a/an for common gender nouns, also one), hadde (had), de (they), å (to, as in to eat), at (that, as in I said that), ikke (not), på (on/in), også (also), et (a/an for neuter gender nouns), om (on/about), den (the/it, used for common gender nouns), fra (from), and ble (became). Now the word cloud looks like this.
Much better. Now that we've gotten rid of the most common words, the ones left over are a bit more similar in frequency to each other and thus their size has become a bit more normal too. You can see that since we only took content from two articles certain words like China, Finland and Soviet Union are overrepresented, so when making your own it's probably best to choose from at least ten different sources in order to avoid that.
And now, after removing the words you already know, just keep the image handy or print it out to carry with you, and begin the process of removing one word at a time as you become familiar with it. In this way instead of just learning words willy-nilly you'll be learning words you are most certain to encounter, and that will make texts in the language that much easier to understand that much sooner.
One other interesting note is that Wordle doesn't turn words into their dictionary or uninflected forms as most frequently lists do (e.g. oxen becomes ox and slew becomes slay), but this is actually better for the student as words are encountered in daily life in their inflected and conjugated forms, so using this means that you are able to confirm that you understand the words in use, not just as they appear in the dictionary.


Question: Describe the Bawku Nurses Training College. Respond in 4 sentences.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 Describe the Bawku Nurses Training College. Respond in 4 sentences.

The Bawku Nurses Training College is public tertiary health institution in the Bawku in the Upper East Region of Ghana. The college is in the Bawku District. The Nurses and Midwifery Council (NMC) is the regulates the activities, curriculum and examination of the student nurses and midwives. The Council's mandate Is enshrined under section 4(1) of N.R.C.D 117.


Question: Describe the current trend of video advertising and its implications for the media industry.

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</answer>
 Describe the current trend of video advertising and its implications for the media industry.

Will Video Advertising Be the Next Media Bubble to Pop?
Evening at Times Square with it's new huge video displays.
As media companies search for new sources of revenue, everyone seems to be focusing on video as the new holy grail. Why? Because video advertising is one of the few remaining places in the media business that is still producing significant amounts of revenue. But how long can that last with the supply of video content continuing to increase exponentially?
Everywhere you look, you can see news and media organizations devoting more resources to video. Mashable recently restructured the entire company and laid off dozens of people so that it could focus more on video, and the New York Times has set up a team just to do Facebook Live video. BuzzFeed has an entire content arm called BuzzFeed Motion Pictures, not to mention several standalone Facebook pages that primarily do video.
The drive to produce more video is being driven by a number of converging factors. One is that traditional display advertising on the web is an increasingly terrible business—the amount of money that a traditional news or entertainment outlet can earn there is minuscule and getting smaller every day. That’s why so many media companies are driven to add pop-ups and viral-marketing “related story” links and other gimmicks.
Those gimmicks, and the data tracking that goes along with many of them, are in turn pushing substantial numbers of web users to install ad-blocking software, which further decreases the return on traditional web advertising. By comparison, the CPM or “cost per thousand impressions” that advertisers are still willing to pay for video advertising looks like gold because on average it is more than 10 times what a site gets for a print-display CPM.
The second major factor driving the mass adoption of video is Facebook. Over the past year or so, the giant social network has been focusing most of its efforts on video, to the point where CEO Mark Zuckerberg has said that video is the future of the Facebook experience. And wherever Facebook goes, that’s where the media tends to go, since so much of their traffic and audience reach comes from the social network.
Facebook doesn’t have traditional in-video advertising like pre-roll yet. So far, it is only doing video ads or advertising adjacent to playing videos (revenue it started sharing with media companies last year). It has also been paying media outlets—including BuzzFeed, Vox and the New York Times—a rumored $250,000 apiece to experiment with its live-streaming feature, which helps explain why so many companies have Facebook Live teams.
Many companies are now bragging about their video views in much the same way they used to talk about web-page views, an almost completely useless metric from the old days of digital media. BuzzFeed boasts of having seven billion content views a month, much of which comes from video, and likes to talk about how stunts like the exploding watermelon pulled in 10 million views. But how much are those views actually worth?
As Gawker pointed out in a recent post looking at video metrics, the actual value of a so-called “view” is difficult, if not impossible, to measure. In part, that’s because what qualifies as a view differs from company to company. Facebook considers a video viewed if it is on-screen for more than three seconds—even if the audio is off and someone is just scrolling past. For YouTube, where the average CPM is $2, a view is anything over 20 seconds. So what is the actual value to an advertiser or user of that content? There’s no easy way to answer that question.
The problem isn’t just with Facebook. According to a study from Google last year, close to 50% of video ads on the web are never seen by an actual viewer, for a variety of reasons. That’s almost half of all the video advertising that appears online.
There’s a stampede toward video because that’s where the high CPMs are. But you get the high CPMs in high-quality environments like a scripted drama or live TV. You’re not creating that environment while someone scrolls through their Facebook feed with the mute on.
There are forms of video advertising that show some promise just as there are for non-video advertising. Native ads or sponsored content of the kind that BuzzFeed specializes in creating for brands can get significant amounts of engagement, and Snapchat claims that its ads are worth more because users opt-in to getting them by clicking on them, and they are more customized to the mobile experience than normal ads.
But those aren’t the kinds of advertising that most media companies are doing as they rush into video—most of them are selling traditional pre-roll, which virtually no one ever watches, and hoping that the price they’re getting for a three-second pre-roll ad on a 30-second-long video clip isn’t going to plummet the same way that display advertising on the web did.
Is that a safe bet to make? Probably not. Especially if Facebook starts to get serious about in-video advertising and turns on ads for the billions of video views it is already getting every day. That will mean another exponential increase in the amount of video and the amount of video advertising, and that means more pressure on ad prices for everyone. The problem with everyone jumping on a bandwagon is that eventually there is no more room.


Question: "Name some elements of the recent Star Wars movies and their associated events."

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 "Name some elements of the recent Star Wars movies and their associated events."

onstage during the 10th Annual Costume Designers Guild Awards VIP reception held at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel on February 19, 2008 in Beverly Hills, California.
James Mangold is set to write and direct a “Star Wars” standalone movie based on popular bounty hunter “Boba Fett,” according to a report by the Hollywood Reporter.
Stephen Daldry is also in talks to direct an “Obi Wan” movie, although no writers are working on a script.
Boba Fett is a Mandalorian warrior who was trained by his father-figure Jango Fett and became a notorious bounty hunter throughout the galaxy. His travels led him to work for the Empire, collaborate with Darth Vader and take assignments from figures such as Jabba the Hutt, for whom he once captured Han Solo.
Writer-producer Simon Kinberg has been closely involved in the creative process for the “Boba Fett” movie, which is set in a separate movie universe that is not associated with “Star Wars: The Force Awakens” or upcoming Episodes VIII and IX.
Mangold is repped by WME, Management 360 and Sloane Offer. Kinberg is repped by CAA.
Reps for Disney and Lucasfilm had no comment.
Alden Ehrenreich attends the premiere of "Solo: A Star Wars Story" Thursday night in L.A.
Marilou York and Mark Hamill at "Solo"
‘Solo: A Star Wars Story’ – What’s the Deal With Those Gold Dice?


Question: What is a sitcom?

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 What is a sitcom?

A sitcom, clipping for situational comedy (situation comedy in the U.S.), is a genre of comedy centered on a fixed set of characters who carry over from episode to episode. Sitcoms can be contrasted with sketch comedy, where a troupe may use new characters in each sketch, and stand-up comedy, where a comedian tells jokes and stories to an audience. Sitcoms originated in radio, but today are found mostly on television as one of its dominant narrative forms. This form can also include mockumentaries.


Question: What do I need to know about Legend of the Five Rings: The Card Game?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What do I need to know about Legend of the Five Rings: The Card Game?

Are you a veteran of the Legend of the Five Rings CCG? Click here for more information on the differences between the CCG and the LCG!
Important Note: Though only one core set is needed to both build decks and play games of Legend of the Five Rings: The Card Game, competitive players may wish to purchase additional copies of the core set to gain more copies of individual cards. Some cards will require two core sets to collect a full playset of three cards, while others will require three core sets.
Raise your sword, rally your clan, and prepare for battle in the Legend of the Five Rings: The Card Game with a pre-release at Gen Con and a wide release in the fourth quarter of 2017!


Question: Describe the history of Kyrock. Respond in 74 words.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
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Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Describe the history of Kyrock. Respond in 74 words.

Kyrock was a small town in Edmonson County in south central Kentucky. The town was located just east of Sweeden, or about north-northeast of the county seat of Brownsville. It was once a referred to as a “company town” along the Nolin River during much of the first half of the 20th century, but the industrial town no longer exists. It was disincorporated in 1957 after the closure of the company that operated it.


Question: Respond in 64 words. What happened in the 2012 US House of Representatives election in Wyoming?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
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Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Respond in 64 words. What happened in the 2012 US House of Representatives election in Wyoming?

The 2012 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming was held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012 and re-elected Cynthia Lummis as the U.S. Representative from the state's at-large congressional district. The election coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election and an election to the U.S. Senate. A primary election was held on August 21, 2012.


Question: Have you heard about the new Baby Muzzle?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
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Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Have you heard about the new Baby Muzzle?

First we saw the Japanese Shouting Vase, an ABS resin stress-reliever that mutes the wails of angry or frustrated souls who need to unleash their fury without disturbing the peace. Now the brilliant minds of Japan--perhaps in direct response to one of my own suggestions for Shouting Vase use--have developed the Baby Muzzle, a noise-canceling mouthpiece that fits over the heads of infants and toddlers ages 0 to 3 to mute their cries, fits of rage, shrieks of delight, any esophageal emissions that slice through the air affronting innocent ears in the same way long, wet farts at the start of an elevator ascent to the top of the Burj Khalifa or Willis Tower affront innocent noses.
The beauty of the Baby Muzzle design is that it doesn't prevent children from voicing their discontent, it merely relieves those in their vicinity from the burden of having to listen to it. A fuzzy pink strap--some derivation of mesh or otherwise ventilated material I believe--with an embedded sound diffuser comprise the cozy-looking mandible cloak, which affixes snugly at the back of joyous bundles' heads with a Velcro closure. Once in place, precious buttercups are primed to be seen but not heard nearly anywhere.
Obviously, this sort of peacekeeper will occupy its highest and best use at 30,000 feet. In fact, a flight full of Baby Muzzles and Knee Defenders may be the closest we'll get to a pleasant flying experience ever again. Additionally, restaurants, movie theaters, church services, wedding and funeral ceremonies, full nights of sleep--these places and events constitute invaluable locations for Baby Muzzle application, not only for strangers whose eardrums must otherwise undergo the torture of ungodly tonalities and pitch, but also for parents who have given up on partaking in adult activities due to having been cursed with a demon baby who never stops screaming.
Using the same noise-slashing circuitry found in high-end headphones, the structure of the Baby Muzzle's mouth cup establishes an internal barrier that both blocks high-frequency, and erases low-frequency sound waves. The result: complete, sweet silence. Nearly. Since the baby still has to be able to intake air through its mouth (i.e., breathe) fabric ventilation provisions and an incomplete seal on the kisser cup permit some noise to escape. However, the Baby Muzzle guarantees its decibel level will not rise higher than the hum of an airplane in flight, or the chatter of a dinner party. The manufacturer also points out that sometimes when babies cry it is not just because they're being needy turdballs, but because something is actually wrong with them, so the subtle noise emissions will keep parents aware that they should check on the little guys every now and then to make sure they aren't in need of a diaper change, or turning abnormal colors.
I feel like Americans might not like the Baby Muzzle too much. Partly due to its stifling of children's innate behaviors and oxygen supply, and partly due Americans' desire to be offended and outraged by things. But just as barking dogs and smacking gum are considered unfair strains on strangers in public, so too are loudmouthed mini-mes. The Baby Muzzle simply suggests that those unaffiliated with a child's conception should not have to listen to it cry.