Question: 5: Why is it now acceptable for quality wines to have screw tops when in the past it was only the cheap and nasty ones? Has the process of making wine changed or just the perception?

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 5: Why is it now acceptable for quality wines to have screw tops when in the past it was only the cheap and nasty ones? Has the process of making wine changed or just the perception?

Screw tops for wine is a relatively new thing. Wine bottles are made of glass which makes it harder to make the threads for the screw tops. In addition the wine bottles have to be able to withstand a bit of pressure for long term storage in cellars. Changing the way wine is made or stored can be a costly investment if it turns out you are wrong. If you discover that your screw tops fails after ten years of storage you would have to write off ten years worth of wine production. That is enough to bankrupt you. Especially expensive wines can be very costly to change. In addition to outright ruining the wine just changing its taste might lower its value significantly. The problem with using cork is that about 10% of the bottles will get infected during storage. This is why waiters will smell the wine and let you smell and taste the wine before they poor the bottle, they expect the wine to have gone bad in storage and will give you another bottle if it have gone bad. So manufacturers did start to put screw tops on cheaper wines some time ago. If it failed at least it was cheaper wines and not expensive ones. Cheaper wines also tends to reach maturity at an earlier date further lowering the risk. It does mean that you can identify cheap wine by their use of screw tops. However that is about to change. Most expensive wines are now bottled with screw tops as it is now a proven technology. So as the wine gets mature and is being released from storage and put on sale you will see more and more expensive wines with screw tops. The manufacturers do not care about what the snobby wine customers think as they do have the data saying there is no difference in taste and they no longer have to poor one in ten bottles down the drain.


Question: . Can energy turn in to matter?

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 . Can energy turn in to matter?

Two high-energy photons of light can be converted into one particle of matter and one antiparticle, such as an electron and its antimatter counterpart, which is called a positron. This process is called pair production. The reverse process, annihilation, combines matter with antimatter to produce photons. (These are the simplest special cases of the two directions of radiation-to-matter conversion; they can be more complicated, e.g. annihilation can create several photons.)


Question: why is 12 volts very common? Why not 11 or 9 volts?

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 why is 12 volts very common? Why not 11 or 9 volts?

The voltages produced by a single cell of a battery is determined by the battery chemistry. For lead-acid, this is ~1.5V. 8 of those cells produce 12V. In terms of "why not 11 volts?", you can't build an 11V battery from a cardinal number of 1.5V batteries. In terms of "why not 9 volts?", it's simply a matter of the people who standardized battery sizes back in the early 20th Century deciding it that way. In theory, we could just as easily have square batteries that produce 9V instead of rectangular ones that produce 12V if they had decided differently. Once these standards were established, there's an incentive for manufacturers to simply use what the market offers unless there's a compelling reason to do otherwise. EDIT: It's actually 8 1.5V cells that produce 12V, not 6.


Question: What is Berkshire Hathaway and how did it get so big?

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 What is Berkshire Hathaway and how did it get so big?

It's an investment company, a company that buys other companies (or at least parts of them). It got big by making very very smart investments over a long period of time. Unlike day-traders (buy and sell quickly), or private equity (buy most of a poor performing company and fix it then sell it), Berkshire-Hathaway tends to place very long (years or decades) bets on companies that are already sound but undervalued and they believe will grow long term. If you do this correctly, over and over for decades, you end up with a giant pile of money.


Question: Why does a paste like mix of Bicarbonate of soda and Vinegar remove red wine stains?

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 Why does a paste like mix of Bicarbonate of soda and Vinegar remove red wine stains?

Baking soda itself is sort of magic. It deodorizes, reacts smoothly with heavy acids, buffers well. Works as toothpaste, Hydrophilic, If there is a major chemical spill the first thing the government does is dump a literal ton baking soda on it. Vinegar is acidic and colorless, also polar. The way you remove something from a surface is by either goving the spill something better to stick to, of the carpet something better to stick to it. Thermodynamically speaking you need to give it somewhere nice to go. The powdered, water absorbing base, buffer salts created, and aqueous acid cover most of the bases and are all colorless. So the whine jumped at the vinegar/baking soda mix and jumped to it, then it was off the carpet and good to go. Baking soda is magic.


Question: What does the 'inverse problem' refer to in EEG and MEG brain scanning and what can be done to overcome it?

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 What does the 'inverse problem' refer to in EEG and MEG brain scanning and what can be done to overcome it?

An inverse problem is the opposite of a forward problem. Think about baking a cake. The forward problem is how to combine known ingredients into a confection. The inverse problem is how to take the final cake and decompose it into the constituent elements. It should be apparent with our cake example that the inverse problem is very often far more complex than the forward problem. The inverse problem faced by brain scanning is that you're taking a very small number of measurements about a very complex phenomenon and you'd like to determine what the most likely underlying phenomenon is.


Question: Why Do dancers’ ribbons follow a pattern they trace rather than just being pulled along in the direction of travel?

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 Why Do dancers’ ribbons follow a pattern they trace rather than just being pulled along in the direction of travel?

You're right: it actually is being pulled along the direction of travel. It just takes time for that pull to make its way through the whole ribbon. You can think of it like this: you pull the handle. The handle pulls the first tiny bit of ribbon, that bit of ribbon pulls on the next bit, which pulls on the next, etc etc etc until the pull makes its way down the whole ribbon. But by the time it gets there, maybe you're pulling on the handle in a slightly different direction, so the first bits of ribbon are now moving differently from the tail end. Things like how hard and how elastic the ribbon is change how quickly it reacts to the jerks on the handle. This is, incidentally, the exact same phenomenon as when you think about the speed of sound: sound "pushes and pulls" on the air and makes it move, and the speed of sound is how quickly those pushes and pulls move.


Question: Why do so many think giving your ID before voting is a bad thing?

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 Why do so many think giving your ID before voting is a bad thing?

Minorities, students, and low-income Americans are less likely to have the IDs required by voter ID laws. It can also be more of a challenge to actually acquire IDs. From [ URL_1 ]( URL_0 ): > About 25 percent of eligible black voters and 16 percent of Hispanic voters don't have photo ID, compared with 9 percent of whites, according to the Brennan Center for Justice at New York University. The center says many poor voters can't afford cars or vacations abroad, and thus don't have driver's licenses or passports, and will be unfairly burdened by the $75-and-up cost of obtaining birth certificates and traveling to a government agency to secure a photo ID. Taking time off work to acquire an ID is also an issue if you are struggling financially, especially if your job does not provide PTO. There is also a psychological impact. Studies have found that some people don't vote because they think they will be turned away. Along with that, voter ID laws are pointless. The type of voter fraud voter ID laws prevent is this: A single person would need to know the name and address of a registered voter, show up at the appropriate polling location before the actual voter shows up at that location, and can place one vote. You can see why, if you had the intent of influencing an election, this would not be a practical approach. Study after study has found that this type of voter fraud is incredibly rare, and when it does happen, it is entirely inconsequential. So, it negatively impacts specific groups of people, who tend to support a specific political party. And it doesn't prevent election manipulation. Then consider who pushes for voter ID laws - one political party. And it just so happens that that political party would benefit immensely from suppressing the votes of the very groups that voter ID laws would suppress. At that point, they become pretty hard to defend.


Question: Why do events that have a negative effect on oil production cause immediate rises in prices of gas but when production is back to normal prices don't plummet back to where they started?

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 Why do events that have a negative effect on oil production cause immediate rises in prices of gas but when production is back to normal prices don't plummet back to where they started?

The underlying factors behind the consumer price and the wholesale price for gasoline are very different. The gasoline sitting at the pumps in your service station was paid for months ago. While the service station has to eventually average out its costs/expenses, the consumer price it charges isn't actually linked to what it paid. Rather, the consumer price is based on what the market will bear. If a new gas station moves in across the street and tries to undercut them, they'll lower gas prices - despite the fact that their cost for gas hasn't changed. In terms of events like a hurricane, the gas station ends up in a situation where it incurs a temporary shortage due a disruption of the supply chain. So the gas station knows that it will only be able to sell X gallons of gas over the next two weeks no matter what else happens because they're not getting resupplied before then. The best way for them to accomplish this isn't to hold prices firm and sell out in an hour and a half. It's to raise prices to the point where X gallons lasts them the next two weeks because relatively few people are desperate enough to buy much gasoline. Interestingly enough, this is also the *socially* best outcome as it encourages a more equitable distribution of gasoline based on the perceived need of the consumer rather than hoarding.


Question: How does stuff like sugar and salt dissolve into water?

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 How does stuff like sugar and salt dissolve into water?

First, stuff can't evaporate with water if at that temperature it would be solid. Now, basically, water is a "polar" liquid. This means that its particles have a difference in charge, resulting in attraction to other particles that are polar. Actually, water "splits" the dissolved stuff, and creates things that you stop seeing as their structure has broken.


Question: When the entire world is driving electric cars, is the risk of batteries exploding greater due to larger capacity?

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 When the entire world is driving electric cars, is the risk of batteries exploding greater due to larger capacity?

Yes, basically. The risk of exploding batteries is obviously increased the more of them that are around, since it is a non-zero risk individually. edit: i should add that while this is pedantically correct, it is also true that the risk of 'exploding batteries' is infinitesimally small, and absolutely pales in comparison to the risk of petroleum-based fires.


Question: If theres a infinite amount of numbers between 0 and 1, does that mean theres double the amount of infinite numbers between 0 and 2?

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 If theres a infinite amount of numbers between 0 and 1, does that mean theres double the amount of infinite numbers between 0 and 2?

No. When you start dealing with infinities you can't really treat them like normal numbers, such that you can neatly do arithmetic operations like adding and multiplying. If you try, you just end up with weirdness and contradictions and such. When comparing the sizes of these two sets (the set of all numbers from 0 to 1 and the set of all numbers from 0 to 2) a mathematician named Cantor came up with this metric: We can consider those two sets to be the same size (have the same number of elements) if you can draw a 1-to-1 relationship between the two. And, in fact, we can do this! All you have to do is take a number from the first set, multiply it by 2 and you will get a number in the second set. Likewise, you can take any number from the second set, divide it by 2 and you will get a number in the first set. Because you can do this without missing any numbers from either set, we say (mathematically) that the sets have the same exact size!


Question: What is the psychological reason candy companies make products containing different colors even if there is no change in flavour?

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 What is the psychological reason candy companies make products containing different colors even if there is no change in flavour?

Variety and bright colors can attract the attention as well as convey flavor. Testing has shown that the color of food can convince people that it is a different flavor than what it actually is. Furthermore, people have an expectation that certain foods are a certain color. If they’re not it can be off putting.


Question: Why do we get motion sickness when riding in the backseat of a car, but not in the front seats?

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 Why do we get motion sickness when riding in the backseat of a car, but not in the front seats?

Motion sickness is caused by a discrepancy between what your eyes is telling you about movement and what your inner ear is saying. In the front seat of the car you can see out the front window and can more easily match up the movement with what your sense of balance is telling you, whereas in the back seat your vision is blocked by seat backs, other people etc. so it makes it harder to do that.


Question: Why do many spray cans get cold when you shake them?

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 Why do many spray cans get cold when you shake them?

Think of it like this - it takes heat to evaporate water, right? So you have to *put energy into the system* to turn a liquid into a gas. The gas is higher energy, which has to come from somewhere. This is true for any evaporation, not just water. Any time a liquid changes into a gas, it will take energy out of that system (phase changes from liquid to gas require energy). When the liquid in the can changes into a gas, it pulls energy in the form of heat out of the system, and the temperature drops.


Question: why does yelling relieve pain/stress?

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 why does yelling relieve pain/stress?

We'll hope that he experts show up here, but as I understand it, intentionality matters in medicine. That is to say, your mind affects healing greatly. This affect is strong enough to give you a sugar pill and say it's going to lower inflammation and then it does.. When you curse, it's almost bring attention to the issue at hand and the cognitive rejection of the pain, converting it to anger, literally relieves the pain. I imagine it's the sympathetic system saying, this is being handled in some fashion, no need to keep signaling. but again, we'll wait on an expert to settle it.


Question: Why would the temperature of a gas escaping into a vacuum decrease? Where does the KE go, at a molecular level?

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 Why would the temperature of a gas escaping into a vacuum decrease? Where does the KE go, at a molecular level?

They don't slow down. Whoever told you that temperature was average KE oversimplified things a bit. For instance, if I throw a baseball, it's average KE increases, but it's temperature wouldn't. When a gas is allowed to escape into a vacuum, the particles are all traveling in random directions. As it expands, the gas starts moving more uniformly. In this sense, the average kinetic energy remains the same, but the temperature decreases, since now all of the molecules are traveling in the *same direction*, just like the molecules in my baseball from earlier.


Question: Private prisons exist in the Netherlands, but they are not allowed to make a profit. How and why do they exist?

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 Private prisons exist in the Netherlands, but they are not allowed to make a profit. How and why do they exist?

Think of them like a charity, they have all the running costs covered but the ultimate aim of them is to rehabilitate offenders which in the long run saves the government money with no re-offending. They’ll be private company run as the government is already busy with running the country so agreeing a contract and paying the invoice every month works out easier


Question: Why do microwaved eggs taste and smell bad compared to a fried or poached egg?

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 Why do microwaved eggs taste and smell bad compared to a fried or poached egg?

It's called the Malliard reaction, and it is yummy. Microwaves do not allow for this reaction to take place the same way as frying or most other methods of cooking. The Malliard reaction is what is happening when things you are cooking get brown and toasty. Without going into a lot of detail, it is a reaction that happens to proteins and sugars that makes for a very tasty meal. Anytime you see the "brown" color that food takes on when you cook it, that is the Malliard effect. Although you don't necessarily need to see brown color at all for the effect to happen. This explains fried eggs. Edit addition: When you boil or poach an egg, there is not really a Malliard reaction going on. Eggs are high in Sulphur. Sulphur is a stinky element that smells like, well, rotten eggs of all things. When you poach an egg, some of this sulphur is leached into the boiling water and taken away from the egg. In contrast when you cook an egg in the microwave, there is no medium for the sulphur to leach into. You end up eating slightly more stinky sulphur. It's perectly healthy, but may make your eggs taste a little more foul. Here is more info about it if you are interested: URL_0


Question: how do Android phones get slower over the years?

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 how do Android phones get slower over the years?

The phone do not get slower but is is the software that is updated and newer version in general have more feature and require higher performance/memory on the phone. New software and OS is designed to use You often add more and more software where som it it run in the background so the phone have more to do more. So use a some app to see what program is active in the background and uninstall them if you no longer use them or just disable them in the apps settings. This can have a hug effect as you free up both memory and cpu usage. Other reason is that your baseline of speed is different and you might compare to other faster phones. If the storage on the phone is full it might preformae slower so remove apps you do not use and put photos, videos etc on a computer and in the cloud. If you did a factory restore to the original software it would be as fast as when it was new but slow down when the software was updated. & #x200B; The thing that age in a phone is the battery and the capacity and max current drop over time. So it might be the case that the the phone cant run the CPU at as high frequency with a old battery especially if it is not fully charged. Apple have done it because som old phones they could shut down when the battery was at 40% but with the change the could use all power in the battery but at lower speed. It might be the case that some android phones does that do So old bad batteries might reduce the performance on a phone but I am not sure that any Android phone does that. It is the only change that would not fixed by a software.


Question: When nails break, why does the wound turn white?

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 When nails break, why does the wound turn white?

Basically, your nails are attached to the flesh underneath. Your nails are relatively transparent so you are getting a clearer view of the flesh normally. When your nail becomes injured to the point where it separates from the flesh you can no longer see the flesh in that area clearly. What you are now seeing is the mostly dried out back side of the fingernail. I'd compare it to a bubble under your screen protector on your phone. No bubble equals a clear view through the protector. But when you get a bubble, it now becomes harder to see the screen.


Question: How do genes know where to express themselves? (For example a mole, why does a child have the mole that's placed pretty much on the same spot as the parent's?)

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 How do genes know where to express themselves? (For example a mole, why does a child have the mole that's placed pretty much on the same spot as the parent's?)

I’ve never heard of your example being a common thing. Genes tend to express themselves under the right conditions and with the correct environmental activators. This is then usually limited by the telomeres. Because of the assumptions in the question, I’m unsure how to ELI5 this one any further than that.


Question: I was watching The Hunt for Red October and noticed a shot where a camera focus change causes a 'squeezing' effect. What causes this? (Link in post)

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 I was watching The Hunt for Red October and noticed a shot where a camera focus change causes a 'squeezing' effect. What causes this? (Link in post)

At the start of the shot, the focal point is Alec Baldwin, the foreground. Fred Thompson in the back of the room is out of focus, the background. When the focus changes to the back of the room, now Alec is out of focus. This is what is called depth of field. In many camera lenses when changing focus from the foreground to the background, the image in the camera gets smaller. This is because of how the glass moves inside the lens. To correct this, the zoom function on the lens needs to show the same amount of the scene. If they didn’t zoom out, Alec would essentially be cut out of the frame. The farther apart in the depth of field change between the foreground and background, the bigger this effect can be.


Question: How does after-hours stock trading work? How can you trade when the market's not open?

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 How does after-hours stock trading work? How can you trade when the market's not open?

There are smaller trading platforms and you can trade among others on that platform, rather than the whole market as a whole. So if your brokerage uses one particular platform you might only be able to trade with 5 or 10% of potential traders. The smaller supply/demand pool means more volatility.


Question: Usually who ends up owning the IP involved in films, the producer or the distributor? Also, are businesses like Warner Bros, Pixar and Universal production or distribution companies?

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 Usually who ends up owning the IP involved in films, the producer or the distributor? Also, are businesses like Warner Bros, Pixar and Universal production or distribution companies?

By default, the production company always owns the IP for films, as they are the creators of the work. They would have to sell the rights to lose them. The job of the distributor is the marketing of the film (including setting a release date) and distribution of the copies of the film to the cinemas or other outlets (e.g. streaming, DVD, etc.) where it will be seen. That's handle through a contract licensing the IP to the distributor for those uses. But the production company is the licensor; the distributor is just the licensee. However, most major movie studios have their own distribution arm so frequently the production company and the distributor are part of the same corporation. For example, Walt Disney Studios is Disney's production company, but Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures is the distribution arm that distributes films from Walt Disney Studios as well as Pixar, Marvel Studios, 20th Century Studios (formerly 20th Century Fox), and others.


Question: What is the "Guns and Butter" economic system?

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 What is the "Guns and Butter" economic system?

Wikipedia says: It demonstrates the relationship between a nation's investment in defense and civilian goods. In this example, a nation has to choose between two options when spending its finite resources. It may buy either guns (invest in defense/military) or butter (invest in production of goods), or a combination of both.


Question: Why can eyes heal so quickly in comparison to other parts of the body?

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 Why can eyes heal so quickly in comparison to other parts of the body?

The scratches are not the same. The scratch 'in' your eye is merely a scratch on the cornea, the outer layer. It's like getting a light scratch on your skin that you can't even feel (like just a white stripe). Those heal very fast, but the scratch on your skin that bothers you is through two or more layers, often drawing a bit of blood too, so that's harder to repair and takes longer.


Question: Why eye level should be around top of monitor, not center?

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 Why eye level should be around top of monitor, not center?

To stop you moving your head up, which puts pressure on the back of the neck/spine. Your head is balancing precariously, atop a support that mounts at the rear of the head. Holding it anywhere up past "looking horizontal" takes lots of muscles. Looking ahead takes the normal amount of effort you use throughout the day. Looking down is basically gravity assisted. Thus, for the least amount of strain on your neck, spine and the further body parts which have to support/balance the head, you want to look either straight ahead (as you do for most of the day), or slightly down, but not up. The way to do that if you're staring at a monitor is to have the highest point of the monitor level with your eyes. Imagine having to look at the sky for a long time. You'll have a sore neck by the end of the day. Now do that 8 hours a day, every day, and you get problems. And, you get eye strain if you use your eyes to look up for that amount of time, too. Apart from small movements in the center of your eyeball's range of movements, you should move your head rather than your eyes.


Question: What is money laundering, and does business really benefit?

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 What is money laundering, and does business really benefit?

The basic premise of money laundering is that you need to take 'dirty' money - money earned through illegal means - and 'clean' it. That is, you want the money trail to stop at a legitimate business, not at your illegal operations. Small amounts of cash - a few hundred, or even a couple thousand - might not raise alarms. Once you get over a certain threshhold amount though, there are all kinds of requirements that things be reported to the fed. gov't. Let's say you earn $1M selling cocaine, but you don't have any kind of cover job. How are you going to explain where the money came from? How are you going to put that money in a bank (banks track large cash deposits, and attempting to evade detection is a crime all by itself, IIRC)? What you need to do is funnel it through a business, so it appears to be money that was earned legitimately. One fairly old (and no longer terribly effective) method was to buy a business that operated primarily on cash, and then alter the ledger to make it seem like you were doing more business than you really are. Bars, strip clubs, nail salons, and laundromats are, or were, pretty popular for this. (The downside is that if anyone is suspicious, they might send someone out to physically watch the business to see how much business you really had, compared to how much business you *claim*.) Too much money moving through a single business is *also* going to look suspicious, so you need to diversify. The tl;dr is that laundering money makes it appear that the money came from a legitimate source. A banker that works in AML compliance would be able to give a more definitive answer about the exact methods used for laundering money, but probably won't give you a how-to.


Question: Why is it easier to complete a maze puzzle by starting at the finish?

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 Why is it easier to complete a maze puzzle by starting at the finish?

The person made the maze to be tricky from one direction, so it is often obvious when worked in the other direction. Like how it might be hard to find your way from the root of a tree to a particular leaf, but it is obvious to find your way from any leaf down to the root. Another ways to crack mazes is to follow the lines in from one side. Blindly trace a few lines from one side in red, and trace some lines from the other side in green, and the path through the maze will be a clear gap between all the red and green lines.


Question: Corporate stock buyback and how that's affecting stock prices?

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 Corporate stock buyback and how that's affecting stock prices?

Lets say that a company, Widgets Incorporated, has a thousand shares of stock that various people own. The company will pay dividends every quarter on that stock. So the company is doing well, and the board decides to do a stock buyback. The normal price of the stock is around 10 bucks a share, so they decide to do a stock buyback at 13 dollars a share. Half of the owners decide to sell back to the company so 500 shares are out of circulation, so no more dividend expense every quarter to take care of those shares. Plus, the price of the shares is now at least 14 dollars, no one will sell for 10 anymore, as if they own shares they know they could sell it to the company for 13, so that becomes the bottom price it will be, and it can only go up from there. So the board has accomplished two very good things, they have lowered their quarterly dividend "expenses" and they have raised the average price of their stock. The cost however, is large. Takes a lot of money to buy back that stock, but if you think of it in the same way as buying a new machine that could both save you money and make you money at the same time, the expenditure sometimes makes sense. The board just has to weigh the cost savings vs the cost expenditure to decide whether a stock buyback makes sense.


Question: How similar are microwaves and wifi? Can wifi microwave my balls when my laptop is sitting on my lap, or am I just feeling the heat radiation? I swear there is a tingling.

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 How similar are microwaves and wifi? Can wifi microwave my balls when my laptop is sitting on my lap, or am I just feeling the heat radiation? I swear there is a tingling.

WiFi isn't going to hurt you. The heat from the laptop though, most certainly can. Too much heat could easily reduce your sperm count, there's also been people who have gotten burns on their thighs from their laptops. You should use a cooling mat, or prop up your laptop on a table whenever possible.


Question: How does short selling work in stocks?

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 How does short selling work in stocks?

Short selling is borrowing and then selling shares now with the expectation that their cost will reduce in the future. If the share price goes down the seller can purchase the same amount of shares back at the new lower price and give them back to those they borrowed from, pocketing the difference in value.


Question: What is CBD and how does it differentiate from THC?

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 What is CBD and how does it differentiate from THC?

Cannabis contains over 100 cannabinoids, of which some of the most popular and talked about are THC, THCA, and CBD. All the cannabinoids together produce the high you feel when you smoke flower/concentrates, THC and its counterparts like THCA (a lot of flower contains more THCA than THC, hence the term "total THC") contributing the most. CBD (cannabidiol) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, meaning it doesn't produce an alteration in state of mind, or "high," that THC produces. CBD is extremely useful for aiding symptoms (pain, anxiety, nausea, can stop shakes in Parkinson's patients even, it really is incredible) without producing a high. What's commonly referred to as THC is known scientifically as Delta-9 THC. Strains of cannabis (have been specially bred to) exist with very little THC and very high concentrations of CBD. Most flower you get at a dispensary is high THC, low CBD. CBD and Delta-9 THC can also be derived from hemp, an entirely separate plant from cannabis. Hemp has a long list of uses, but the most useful today in my opinion is that it can be used to make biodegradable plastic. Hemp flower containing less than 0.3% Delta-9 THC is legal in all 50 states, even though it looks and smells just like pot. This is why cops have trouble determining the legality of flower sometimes. Edit: Found [this]( URL_0 ) distinction between hemp and cannabis plants.


Question: Why does the Placebo effect work?

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Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the Placebo effect work?

1) Random chance - Some patients were just going to get better on their own anyway, whether they received treatment or not. The apparent improvement caused by the placebo is often just the improvement from the body's own natural recovery. 2) Psychosomatic effects - The brain is a powerful influence on our feelings of pain or illness. Mental illness, for example, can cause real physical ailments. The expectation of symptom improvement can cause the brain to create actual improvement in symptoms, particularly if the symptoms weren't very strong in the first place, or the brain was making them feel worse than they really were.


Question: How does sound 'travel' during Zoom/online calls?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does sound 'travel' during Zoom/online calls?

* Your voice makes a sound wave in your room. * The microphone in your laptop wiggles when the sound wave hits it. * The mic creates an electrical wiggle that matches the one your voice made. * The computer checks the wiggle thousands of times a second and writes down a number for how strong the wiggle is each time it checks it. * The computer sends these numbers over the internet to everyone else on your Zoom call. * Then each of their computers look at the numbers and create their own electrical wiggle. * They send it to the speakers which in turn wiggle, which makes the air wiggle. * This creates a wave in the air (just like your voice did) and when that gets to their ears, they hear your voice.


Question: Why are movie theaters dying?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are movie theaters dying?

They're expensive, you have to put up things like a strict schedule, expensive snacks, crowds, some asshat on his cellphone, etc. Contrast that with watching a movie in the comfort of your own home. As home video/streaming media releases are coming sooner and sooner after a theatrical run, and more desirable movies *premiering* on steaming media instead of theaters, and the main draw of a theater (seeing it ASAP) is less appealing.


Question: Can someone explain to me how life insurance policies work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can someone explain to me how life insurance policies work?

Life insurance is a way to ensure that if you die your family won't become suddenly destitute. & #x200B; So you pay a bit now and it adds up so that when you die it gets paid out. The younger and healthier you are the lower that monthly payment is going to be and if you die do young its also likely that the insurance payout is longer than if you live to be very old. Policies differ on the specifics. That's where you get term life insurance (it can time out) or whole (stays with you until you die no matter what). Or you can specifically get accidental death coverage. & #x200B; Then you name benficiaries, typically your spouse and children. & #x200B; There are exceptions like suicide or murdering your spouse for their life insurance.


Question: How do water treatment plants treat potentially fatal chemicals being poured down the sink?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do water treatment plants treat potentially fatal chemicals being poured down the sink?

The water system dilutes them, but treatment plants measure the water and chemically neutralize it. If the water that come in is acidic, and you're not the idiots in Flint, chemicals are added to raise the pH. Other chemicals are reacted out, and removed. That's what the "treatment" is all about.


Question: How do mammals with fur get vitamin D?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do mammals with fur get vitamin D?

Some animals can make their own vitamin D, from the sun, etc. Others, however must take in vitamin D from the things they eat. Humans can also take in vitamin D from the foods they eat. Another example is vitamin C. Humans cannot make it, they must consume foods containing it. Many other animals, mostly obligate carnivores, can make their own.


Question: What is a Vertically Integrated Company?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a Vertically Integrated Company?

So, vertical integration is when one company controls multiple aspects involved in getting a product to market. On a small scale, consider this: a family owns a farm and grows their own wheat. They also have cows and chickens for butter, milk, and eggs. They take these products and bake them into bread themselves. They then drive the bread to their storefront and sell it directly to the customer. That family (business) is vertically integrated because they control the entire process. An alternative would be a farmer growing/harvesting the ingredients and selling it to the baker who bakes the bread and sells it to a store who in turn sells to the consumer.


Question: How do we really know that animals express and feel emotions?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we really know that animals express and feel emotions?

from the way they interact and react to their enviroment. By looking at how an animal reacts to its surroundings over time you are able to deduce what emotions arise. If you mean literally how do humans detect emotions in different species: humans are hard wired to be extremely sensitive to changes in mood and expression due to how we evolved. we are sensitive enough that we can detect these changes in other creatures once familiar with their habits. if you looked up a random photo of a person on google right now you would be able to look at them amd have a basic idea of their feelings at that moment. as a cat person i can tell you i could probably do the same with a cat picture.


Question: why is it safer to let food cool down before putting it in fridge, instead of putting it in hot?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is it safer to let food cool down before putting it in fridge, instead of putting it in hot?

It's actually less safe for the food you're letting cool. However, it can temporarily raise the temperature of the fridge enough that other food may be at risk of spoiling. Extra steak you cooked that you aren't going to finish? Safer to put straight into the fridge because it doesn't have a whole lot of heat. Large pot of stew that's still piping hot? That has a *ton* of heat that will work your fridge harder and has higher potential to heat up other foods. Most modern fridges are fairly safe unless you're putting a lot of hot food in them. Industrial fridges are even safer because they have such a large amount of cold air within.


Question: What causes the pulsating noise when you drive with the windows down, and why is it so much worse with the rear windows than with the front windows?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes the pulsating noise when you drive with the windows down, and why is it so much worse with the rear windows than with the front windows?

It is called Helmholtz Resonance. It only happens when you have one side open and the rest closed so if you have the front left window open you wont hear it if the back right window is also open. Its like when you blow air into a glass bottle and it hums. The air is coming into the car and it wants to get back out but since there is only 1 way in or out the air is fighting at the entrance. Its like when people try and get on a elevator before everyone else is finished getting off everyone bounces off each other and it makes a lot of noise.


Question: Why are there so many auto-insurance comparison sites?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are there so many auto-insurance comparison sites?

Most of them actually aren't popular at all. Everyone wants to create the next big thing, and many of them probably took a gamble on buying a lot of advertising time, but I'd be doubtful if more than one of them takes off and becomes popular. If I design one app/website, even if it's great, I have to *sell* it to people to convince them it's great. If I design a hundreds apps/websites, there's a *much* greater chance of one of them taking off - and then I can invest more development time in that one.


Question: From an actual 5 year old (my daughter) Why green mold is green?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 From an actual 5 year old (my daughter) Why green mold is green?

Any organic substance in this world has a particular color because of something called as a 'pigment'. A pigment absorbs all the colors apart from that particular color (white light is a mixture of all the colors) and reflects only that particular color, which you see. Blood is red because of hemoglobin pigment. Skin is brown because of melanin pigment. Most plants/leaves are green because of chlorophyll pigment. I dont know which pigment is present in green mold that gives it green color, but my best guess would be chlorophyll.


Question: Is trash island a myth or is it real? Has any organization made an effort to clean it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is trash island a myth or is it real? Has any organization made an effort to clean it?

It's not a myth but it's not really accurately represented a lot of the time either. Calling it an island isn't really that accurate either - what it is, is an area in the pacific ocean (there are others but not as large as the pacific one) where a number of currents converge and as a result plastic debris have built up in the area The reason I say it's not accurately represented is because those photos you see of huge piles of rubbish aren't real (well they are real, but they aren't of trash island). The bulk rubbish is actually quite spread out and the biggest issue is actually smaller (minuscule) sized pieces of debris. It's also rarely visible from the surface because most of the rubbish sits in the currents under the water. Some groups are trying to clean it up but it's not an easy (or cheap) task and the amount of rubbish being added to it is greater than anybody is able to remove at the moment. URL_0


Question: Is national debt a good or bad thing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is national debt a good or bad thing?

Its neither good nor bad, its simply an effective tool. Since a government is capable of issuing its own currency it is never at risk of defaulting. This means that the only real risk of government debt is inflation, but since inflation can be good, so can debt. A small amount of inflation is a good way to manage economic growth, and a country that always ran a balance budget would not be able to utilize it.