Question: Explain the rise in Canadian marijuana stocks over the past year.

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 Explain the rise in Canadian marijuana stocks over the past year.

With cannabis soon to be legalized throughout Canada, the nation’s marijuana stocks continue to rise at a rapid pace.
A chart of the Canadian Marijuana Index over the past year.
The Canadian Marijuana Stock Index has risen nearly 300% in just a one-year period, an incredible increase that is due in no small part to the country stepping towards the establishment of a legal marijuana industry; according to a recent report, marijuana should be legal throughout the country by July of next year.
Exactly one year ago, on March 28, 2016, the Canadian Marijuana Stock Index was at 74.85. Now, at the end of today’s (March 28, 2017) market, the index is at 291.94, a 290% increase.
The 74.85 registered on March 28, 2016, was somewhere between the previous year’s high (108.82 on November 4, 2015) and low (54.03 on September 2, 2015).
During the same period (March 28, 2016 to March 28, 2017) the U.S. Marijuana Index also saw an increase, but a much smaller one (53 to 73.71, a 39% increase).
The Canadian Marijuana Index “tracks the leading cannabis stocks operating in Canada”. Constituents must “have a business strategy focused on the marijuana or hemp industry”, and are also “required to meet our minimum trading criteria. The Index is “equal-weighted and rebalanced quarterly”.
Click here for more information on the Canadian (and U.S.) stock markets.


Question: Describe Uber's recent departure of their head of Human Resources following an internal investigation.

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 Describe Uber's recent departure of their head of Human Resources following an internal investigation.

Uber's head of human resources has resigned following an internal investigation into how she handled claims of racial discrimination within the company.
Chief People Officer Liane Hornsey announced her departure in an email she sent to employees on Tuesday. An Uber spokesperson confirmed Hornsey's resignation, first reported by Reuters, and the investigation that prompted it, but would not elaborate on the claims against her.
According to Reuters, an anoymous group of employees, all of them people of color, alleged that Hornsey used "discriminatory language" and made "derogatory comments" about high-level executives at Uber.
"We are confident that the investigation was conducted in an unbiased, thorough and credible manner, and that the conclusions of the investigation were addressed appropriately," an Uber spokesperson said in a statement to CNNMoney.
Hornsey, who joined the company in January, 2017, did not address the probe in her email. "By now you'll have seen the news that I've decided to leave Uber. I know this comes a little out of the blue for some of you, but I have been thinking about this for a while," she wrote in the email, obtained by CNNMoney.
Hornsey could not be reached for comment.
Her departure comes as CEO Dara Khosrowshahi scrambles to change a corporate culture many have described as toxic. Uber has grappled with a string of scandals, including widespread allegations of gender and sexual harassment that led to co-founder Travis Kalanick's resignation as CEO in June 2017.
Larry Johnson, an expert on corporate culture, said Hornsey's departure shows Uber is still in "hot water."
"I'm glad to see Uber is trying to turn things around from the way it was last year," said Johnson, who is the author of a book about corporate culture and integrity called "Absolute Honesty." "If she's guilty as charged, then that's a step in the right direction."
Khosrowshahi praised Hornsey in an email he sent to employees, but did not mention the investigation or allegations against her.
"Liane is incredibly talented, creative, and hard-working. She's been a valuable member of my leadership team and I wish her nothing but the best," he wrote in the email, obtained by CNNMoney.
Khosrowshahi hailed several of her accomplishments, including releasing Uber's first diversity report and hiring a chief diversity and inclusion officer. She also played a role in the company's effort to ensure all employees are paid equally based on their location, role, and tenure at Uber. Such efforts are part of Khosrowshahi's ongoing campaign to burnish the company's image, and the allegations against Hornsey show how big a challenge he faces.
"These are huge issues they've been struggling with," said Cindy Schipani, a professor of business administration and law at the University of Michigan. "The culture still has a lot of room for improvement."
CNNMoney's Sara Ashley O'Brien contributed to this report.


Question: Who is a female professional 6 "dan" Go player?

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 Who is a female professional 6 "dan" Go player?

is a female professional 6 "dan" Go player.


Question: Describe the Blentones

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 Describe the Blentones

The Blentones were a mid-20th century doo-wop group, based out of Baltimore, where they recorded with Jack Gale. Their songs include 1959's hit "Military Kick", "Lilly" and "Come On Home" on the Success record label. They also worked with Charlie Ventura.


Question: Explain the recent debates among the Bitcoin Cash community regarding the upcoming hard fork scheduled for November 15. Respond in 31 sentences.

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 Explain the recent debates among the Bitcoin Cash community regarding the upcoming hard fork scheduled for November 15. Respond in 31 sentences.

If you are a Bitcoin Cash (BCH) proponent you’ve definitely been hearing a lot about the upcoming hard fork scheduled for November 15. Most people have been discussing the conflict between the Bitcoin ABC developers and Nchain’s recently announced Bitcoin SV project. This week Nchain’s Steve Shadders shared a post concerning the Bitcoin SV client that’s due to publish next month. Essentially Shadders explains the Nchain team is not forcing anyone to 128MB blocks; rather they are encouraging miners to configure block size limits themselves.
Lots of people within the Bitcoin Cash community have been debating the recent clash between Nchain and the Bitcoin ABC development team. Over the last few weeks, there’s been a lot going on with this developing story, and more so after Bitcoin ABC published the 0.18 code last week which includes two feature consensus changes — a new opcode called OP_CHECKDATASIG (CDS) will be added and the implementation of canonical transaction ordering (CTOR).
However, Nchain’s project will be another full node client, but the developers won’t be including CDS and CTOR. In contrast to Bitcoin ABC’s code, the Bitcoin SV client will feature the restoration of Satoshi opcodes OP_MUL, OP_LSHIFT, OP_RSHIFT, OP_INVERT, the removal of the 201 opcode script limit, and a block size increase to 128MB. With these differences, if miners choose to operate different clients there could be issues. In preparation for such an event, the statistical data website Coin Dance added a BCH node compatibility page to the portal.
With all the debates happening online, Nchain has addressed the public with a blog post called ‘Bitcoin SV and big blocks – A safe path to scaling.’ Nchain’s Steve Shadders explains in the post the Bitcoin SV client is not forcing anyone to 128MB blocks, and they are simply encouraging miners to configure block size limits themselves. Shadders then goes on to define ‘soft caps vs hard caps’ which represent the maximum block size a miner will mine (soft cap) and the maximum size a miner will accept from another miner (hard cap). Shadders details allowing miners to choose the block size allows them to essentially govern the protocol.
Coingeek and Nchain say Bitcoin is 1 CPU = 1 vote. This means, it comes down to hash power.
“The power of miner’s choice — This is precisely what Coingeek and other miners seek to change — Both the soft and hard caps are configuration items that enable miners to exercise the power of governance endowed upon them by the bitcoin system in proportion to their investment,” Shadders explains.
Bitcoin SV supports this and whilst we have no choice but to set default values (you can’t have a configurable setting without them) we do not endorse those values as the best choice and we encourage miners to adjust them as they see fit.
“Unlike a national election for presidency, it is not 1 human = 1 vote. It is 1 CPU = 1 Vote — This means, it comes down to hash power — That alone is the consensus-seeking mechanism that was built into Bitcoin since day one and the consensus mechanism that was highlighted in Satoshi’s whitepaper,” explains Coingeek on August 27.
The battle here is over the same BCH blockchain. It is exceedingly unlikely that we will get a split coin in November, since both mining factions are fighting over the BCH ticker and existing eco-system — The hashpower is over one chain in true Nakamoto consensus — No team, is seeking to split into a different coin.
Additionally, Nchain’s chief scientist Craig Wright further discusses Bitcoin SV, uncapped blocks, and canonical transaction ordering (CTOR) further with Reina Nakamoto on August 26.
Bitcoin Unlimited and Bitcoin XT plan to align with BIP135.
Lastly, this week news.Bitcoin.com reported on Bitcoin Unlimited’s (BU) plan to implement consensus changes from both organizations, allowing miners the ability to vote for the changesets with hashpower. On August 24 Bitcoin XT developer Tom Harding told his Twitter followers that XT would be aligned with BU and leave the consensus-level changes to miners.
“Bitcoin XT will implement BIP135 and collaborate with other implementations to allow direct activation of forking changes by a supermajority level of mining defined for that activation,” explains Harding.
With everything happening there’s been a lot of action lately with people heavily discussing these topics on social media, Reddit forums, and BCH chat rooms on Slack and Telegram. It’s safe to say this story is not over and news.Bitcoin.com will be there to detail it every step of the way.
What do you think about this debate? Let us know what you think about this topic in the comment section below.
Images via Shutterstock, Bitcoin Client Logos, Twitter, and Jamie Redman.


Question: Describe the benefits of using Rowbot to fertilize corn fields.

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 Describe the benefits of using Rowbot to fertilize corn fields.

No part of our highly technological economy today is free of being rethought by applying automation in the form of robots. In the past I have written about the use of field robots in agriculture. But these were largely university projects still in the laboratory. But now a new company in Minnesota is turning laboratory experiments into a commercial agricultural robot aimed at corn farmers. The company has created Rowbot, designed as a automated fertilizing machine for now but with plenty more applications to come.
Rowbot, the company, sees its mission as one of bringing robotic solutions to the most pressing problems in agriculture. In this case Rowbot solves a number of challenges for corn growers. Today corn covers 159 million hectares (almost 400 million acres) globally. In 2010 American farmers produced 316 million metric tons of the crop at an average of 9.6 metric tons per hectare (more than 23.6 tons per acre). These numbers are quite impressive when compared to average production elsewhere on the planet.
Small enough to easily travel between planted rows of corn, Rowbot reduces the amount of fertilizer farmers use by dispensing it at the right time in the right amounts. The timing for corn is critical because once corn plants get too tall to run a tractor through the field farmers may miss applying fertilizer when it can be most beneficial. But with Rowbot the plants are undisturbed because of its small form factor. And because it provides the nitrogen directly in what is referred to as “side dressing” it eliminates potential overfeeding and nitrogen runoff which leads to polluting of local ponds, rivers and lakes.
Watch a demo of Rowbot in action. It uses both GPS and LIDAR to navigate with great precision and little in the way of operator intervention. It handles two corn rows at a time without collateral damage to growing plants. It collects data during operation which the farmer can then analyze to determine how to improve crop yields. Applying fertilizer using a tractor-attached applicator is less exact and often leads to crop damage to the top of the corn plants which reduces yield.
Rowbot’s first practical test this summer involved fertilizing 20.2 hectares (50 acres) of corn at a cost of under $25.00 per hectare ($10 per acre) not including fertilizer. The smaller footprint of Rowbot means arable fields can be exploited to the maximum especially when you consider that future iterations of Rowbot will be multifunctional including doing chores like cover seeding. Cover Seeding refers to seeding of fields with a cover crop after harvest to restore field fertility and stabilize soil before winter.


Question: What's going on with Trump and the tariffs?

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 What's going on with Trump and the tariffs?

WASHINGTON — A day after President Trump took a swing at United States trading partners by threatening stiff and sweeping tariffs on steel and aluminum, they hit back. They promised to retaliate against quintessential American goods like Kentucky bourbon, bluejeans and Harley-Davidson motorcycles.
That is likely to turn into a wave of protest aimed at American products as other countries, including traditional allies, respond to Mr. Trump’s plan to clamp down on imports of metals from overseas.
Canada, China and the European Union have already said they would respond with tariffs of their own that could lead to billions of dollars in American export losses. Those levies would harm the farmers and business interests that the Trump administration has promised to protect and would fuel a trade fight that could undermine the president’s goal of strengthening American industry.
“It certainly will have a negative effect on our bilateral relationship,” he said.
American businesses are more tied to the global economy than ever before, and the Trump administration is seeking concessions from trading partners to put American companies on a more competitive footing. Negotiators from Canada, Mexico and the United States were meeting in Mexico City to hash out changes to Nafta, and Washington is trying to revise a trade deal with South Korea. The possibility of tariffs complicates both efforts.
Mr. Trump appeared unmoved by the blowback, posting a series of Twitter messages on Friday defending his proposal to impose tariffs of 25 percent on steel and 10 percent on aluminum.
“We must protect our country and our workers. Our steel industry is in bad shape. IF YOU DON’T HAVE STEEL, YOU DON’T HAVE A COUNTRY!” Mr. Trump tweeted.
Yet the United States does not control the global economy, and the tariffs, which Mr. Trump is expected to sign next week, could incite other countries to challenge it at the World Trade Organization. If the organization rules against the United States, that will test the Trump administration’s willingness to follow global trade rules.
The tariffs rest on a little-used legal provision that allows Mr. Trump to restrict imports to try to bolster the American industrial base in the interest of national security. That power will face scrutiny by the World Trade Organization but, perhaps more significant, could prompt other countries to follow suit in using national security as a reason to wall off their markets.
American technology companies, agricultural producers and other industries could ultimately lose business abroad as nations seek to erect similar barriers.
Robert L. Shanks, Ford Motor’s chief financial officer, said commodities markets had already started to price in increases for steel and aluminum on the expectation that Mr. Trump would impose the tariffs. The effect on Ford, he said, is “not positive” given the automaker uses those metals in the cars they produce.
The European Union detailed a three-step plan to penalize $3.5 billion of American trade — the same amount of European steel and aluminum the bloc estimates would be harmed by the planned tariffs. It proposed taxing American exports including bourbon, bluejeans, orange juice, cranberries, rice and motorcycles. The European Union could then take action to protect their own metal makers from a surge in imports, and bring a case against the United States at the World Trade Organization.
A European Union official said that the bloc had been preparing for the announcement for months and that everything was in place for a swift, proportionate response.
The measures were intended to put pressure on politically sensitive areas, trade analysts said. Harley-Davidson motorcycles are made in the home district of Speaker Paul D. Ryan, Republican of Wisconsin. Orange juice comes from the swing state of Florida. Restrictions on Kentucky bourbon could add pressure on the Senate majority leader, Mitch McConnell, who is from the state.
Retaliation could hit hardest in many of the rural communities that were strongholds for Mr. Trump. Farmers are among America’s largest exporters, and often become a target in trade spats, said Darci Vetter, the former chief agricultural negotiator for the United States trade representative. She said the agricultural community was “rightly nervous” about the prospect.
Canada and Mexico were America’s No. 1 and No. 3 largest agricultural markets in 2016, and South Korea is a major market for beef, corn, pork and fresh fruit, Ms. Vetter said. The United States exports cotton to Turkey and wheat and dairy to Brazil, other major suppliers of steel.
Other countries have been less specific, but no less emphatic, in their threats. Canada’s minister of foreign affairs, Chrystia Freeland, said that Canada stood ready to defend its trade interests, while the Australian trade minister, Steven Ciobo, said the tariffs would set off retaliatory measures that would hurt everyone.
American steel companies are a key constituency for Mr. Trump, who won the support of some blue-collar workers by pledging to revive United States industry. The steel industry has shed hundreds of thousands of jobs in the country in the past two decades, partly because of automation and partly because of a flood of production from China, which has driven down global prices to a level where some American mills cannot compete.
American steel and aluminum companies were the loudest in applauding the president’s efforts to help their industries. Labor unions and Rust Belt politicians, including Democrats, commended Mr. Trump for fulfilling an important political promise he made during the campaign.
“They know they’re cheating us, and all we’re doing is standing up for ourselves,” he added.
Mr. Trump’s announcement on Thursday was a clear signal to many observers that the pro-trade advisers in the Trump administration — who have tried to stay the president’s hand on tariffs and withdrawing from trade agreements — might have less influence than they believe. That could further fuel trade tensions and make it less likely that the United States will be able to reach the types of bilateral or multilateral agreements that have helped expand American exports.
Thomas Kaplan contributed reporting from Washington, Neal E. Boudette from Ann Arbor, Mich., and Patricia Cohen from New York.
Trade Wars Are Destructive. Of Course Trump Wants One.


Question: Describe the process of water being created in space.

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 Describe the process of water being created in space.

The water that gushes from your taps may have been created billions of years ago during the birth of a new star.
A team of scientists using the European Space Agency's Infrared Space Observatory reports it has detected just such a water factory in a gas cloud 1,500 light years from Earth in the Orion Nebula.
The vast cloud is producing so much water vapor that, condensed to liquid form, it could fill all the Earth's oceans every 24 minutes, said David Neufeld, a member of the team and a professor of physics and astronomy at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore.
And the process is likely to continue for thousands of years.
"Although we have only detected this sort of phenomenon in a single source, it seems very likely it's a widespread phenomenon," Neufeld said. "I think it's quite plausible that this could have implications for the origins of water in our solar system."
The findings are being reported in the April 20 edition of Astrophysical Journal Letters by Neufeld; Cornell's Martin Harwit, the lead author; Gary Melnick of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; and Michael Kaufman, now with NASA's Ames Research Center.
Stephen P. Maran, press officer for the American Astronomical Society, called the findings "another terrific result for the Infrared Space Observatory. They have been picking up water wherever they look," most recently on Saturn's largest moon, Titan.
He said astronomers will now be eager to look for signs of water in other places where star formation is going on.
Water is composed of atoms of hydrogen - the most common element in the universe - and oxygen, which is created in the nuclear furnaces of stars.
Astronomers have predicted for 30 years that water vapor would be created in regions of interstellar space where atoms of oxygen and hydrogen are thrown together at speeds high enough to raise their temperature to 200 degrees Fahrenheit or more.
In fact, radio telescopes have hinted at the presence of water in such gas clouds for years. But scientists have been unable to measure it because the infrared radiation the water vapor generates is swamped by the signal from water in the Earth's own atmosphere.
Scientists needed to get their infrared detectors above the atmosphere, into outer space.


Question: Describe the upcoming Forza Horizon 4 event on Mixer.

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 Describe the upcoming Forza Horizon 4 event on Mixer.

With the upcoming launch of Forza Horizon 4 on October 2, there’s plenty of excitement for car enthusiast and racing fans to look forward to and, in anticipation of the game’s release, we’re kicking off a special two-day event on September 12 through September 13 that current and future Forza Horizon fans won’t want to miss, only on the Mixer ForzaSeasons Channel!
It’s the first time we’ve ever created a simulator like this, and there’s no telling exactly what will happen. That’s because it’s up to you – viewers tuning in on Mixer will be able to cast their vote to control the weather each star will face inside the Simulator. Don’t miss out on your chance to make it rain, snow or mud on Megan, Xzibit, Cody, Jason, Tyrese, Trey, Siefe, Zedd and Hertrech from the Hoonigan team! Head over to the Mixer ForzaSeasons Channel on September 12 and September 13 to join all the fun.
Think you’ll still want more Forza Horizon 4 action after the Forza Season Simulator? You’re in luck, because the one and only, rapper and actor Ludacris will play and stream the game on Friday, September 14 at 7 p.m. PDT on Mixer Xbox Channel. His British accent even makes an appearance…check it out for a chance to learn more about Luda and Forza Horizon 4!
In Forza Horizon 4, the highly-anticipated follow-up to 2016’s breakout hit Forza Horizon 3, players explore Britain in a shared open-world experience that features dynamic seasons in stunning native 4K and HDR. The game will launch worldwide on October 2, 2018 on the Xbox One family of devices, Windows 10 PCs, and Xbox Game Pass.
Stay tuned to Xbox Wire for the latest in Xbox gaming news.


Question: What do you think about the government's recent announcement to put back doors in encryption software?

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 What do you think about the government's recent announcement to put back doors in encryption software?

The New York Times reported this morning on a Federal government plan to put government-mandated back doors in all communications systems, including all encryption software. The Times said the Obama administration is drafting a law that would impose a new "mandate" that all communications services be "able to intercept and unscramble encrypted messages" — including ordering "[d]evelopers of software that enables peer-to-peer communication [to] redesign their service to allow interception".
[w]hether we are surveilled by our government, by criminals, or by our neighbors, it is fair to say that never has our ability to shield our affairs from prying eyes been at such a low ebb. The availability and use of secure encryption may offer an opportunity to reclaim some portion of the privacy we have lost. Government efforts to control encryption thus may well implicate not only the First Amendment rights of cryptographers intent on pushing the boundaries of their science, but also the constitutional rights of each of us as potential recipients of encryption's bounty.
For a decade, the government backed off of attempts to force encryption developers to weaken their products and include back doors, and the crypto wars seemed to have been won. (Indeed, journalist Steven Levy declared victory for the civil libertarian side in 2001.) In the past ten years, even as the U.S. government has sought (or simply taken) vastly expanded surveillance powers, it never attempted to ban the development and use of secure encryption.
Now the government is again proposing to do so, following in the footsteps of regimes like the United Arab Emirates that have recently said some privacy tools are too secure and must be kept out of civilian hands.
As the Internet security community explained years ago, intentionally weakening security and including back doors is a recipe for disaster. "Lawful intercept" systems built under current laws have already been abused for unlawful spying by governments and criminals. Trying to force technology developers to include back doors is a recipe for disaster for our already-fragile on-line security and privacy. And like the COICA Internet censorship bill, it takes a page from the world's most repressive regimes' Internet-control playbook. This is exactly the wrong message for the U.S. government to be sending to the rest of the world.
The crypto wars are back in full force, and it's time for everyone who cares about privacy to stand up and defend it: no back doors and no bans on the tools that protect our communications.


Question: Tell me about one moment you remember spending with Fred Rogers.

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 Tell me about one moment you remember spending with Fred Rogers.

Fred Rogers has been doing the same small good thing for a very long time.
THE FIRST TIME I CALLED MISTER ROGERS on the telephone, I woke him up from his nap. He takes a nap every day in the late afternoon—just as he wakes up every morning at five-thirty to read and study and write and pray for the legions who have requested his prayers; just as he goes to bed at nine-thirty at night and sleeps eight hours without interruption. On this afternoon, the end of a hot, yellow day in New York City, he was very tired, and when I asked if I could go to his apartment and see him, he paused for a moment and said shyly, "Well, Tom, I'm in my bathrobe, if you don't mind." I told him I didn't mind, and when, five minutes later, I took the elevator to his floor, well, sure enough, there was Mister Rogers, silver-haired, standing in the golden door at the end of the hallway and wearing eyeglasses and suede moccasins with rawhide laces and a flimsy old blue-and-yellow bathrobe that revealed whatever part of his skinny white calves his dark-blue dress socks didn't hide. "Welcome, Tom," he said with a slight bow, and bade me follow him inside, where he lay down—no, stretched out, as though he had known me all his life—on a couch upholstered with gold velveteen. He rested his head on a small pillow and kept his eyes closed while he explained that he had bought the apartment thirty years before for $11,000 and kept it for whenever he came to New York on business for the Neighborhood. I sat in an old armchair and looked around. The place was drab and dim, with the smell of stalled air and a stain of daguerreotype sunlight on its closed, slatted blinds, and Mister Rogers looked so at home in its gloomy familiarity that I thought he was going to fall back asleep when suddenly the phone rang, startling him. "Oh, hello, my dear," he said when he picked it up, and then he said that he had a visitor, someone who wanted to learn more about the Neighborhood. "Would you like to speak to him?" he asked, and then handed me the phone. "It's Joanne," he said. I took the phone and spoke to a woman—his wife, the mother of his two sons—whose voice was hearty and almost whooping in its forthrightness and who spoke to me as though she had known me for a long time and was making the effort to keep up the acquaintance. When I handed him back the phone, he said, "Bye, my dear," and hung up and curled on the couch like a cat, with his bare calves swirled underneath him and one of his hands gripping his ankle, so that he looked as languorous as an odalisque. There was an energy to him, however, a fearlessness, an unashamed insistence on intimacy, and though I tried to ask him questions about himself, he always turned the questions back on me, and when I finally got him to talk about the puppets that were the comfort of his lonely boyhood, he looked at me, his gray-blue eyes at once mild and steady, and asked, "What about you, Tom? Did you have any special friends growing up?"
"Yes," he said. "Maybe a puppet, or a special toy, or maybe just a stuffed animal you loved very much. Did you have a special friend like that, Tom?"


Question: Describe what AMD is doing to help make sure gamers can get access to graphics cards at a reasonable price. Respond in 18 sentences.

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 Describe what AMD is doing to help make sure gamers can get access to graphics cards at a reasonable price. Respond in 18 sentences.

“It’s been a weird time for gamers,” AMD’s Scott Herkelman tells us over coffee in Taipei, “there’s no doubt about it.” And to ensure a return of the weird mining time doesn’t stop people getting hold of graphics cards AMD is looking into selling GPUs direct to gamers.
Thankfully the current GPU crisis seems to be almost over, with the graphics card market becoming ever more resistant to another potential cryptocurrency relapse. AMD has been working hard over the past year to ensure that stock returns to a more reasonable level, and with that should come pricing normalisation. There is, however, only so much AMD can do about that without direct control over pricing.
With great graphics cards comes great responsibility… the responsibility to make sure you’ve got one of the best gaming monitors to make the most of it.
Getting more GPUs out into the market is only one part of the battle, when retailers are still able to sell replenished stock while retaining the high price tag then what’s to stop them carrying on charging whatever they want?
“For the last year our focus has been on replenishing the channel,” says Herkelman, VP of Radeon Gaming, “but there’s only so much you can do to replenish a channel that is consuming everything that us, and our competitors, could make.
One of the ways Nvidia has been able to at least partially resist the unfeasibly expensive pricing of its cards, once general stock returned to decent levels, is that it has its own graphics card store where it sells at MSRP. Keeping it stocked has been a challenge for the green team, but its existence does mean there is positive pressure on retailers to be competitive with Nvidia’s own pricing structure.
That’s not something AMD is able to do at the moment. The retailers only have each other to compete with on the Radeon side, and so long as they all want to keep margins high the shops can continue to sell at artificially high levels with impunity, even with stock normalising.
“It’s something,” says Herkelman, “as we’ve been going through this for the last year I’ve heavily thought about. I think in the next year or so should we sell our AIB partners, or help them facilitate a way to get gamers direct products, in the face of crazy pricing?
Herkelman, with his own passion for a level playing field and freedom in gaming, is looking at a different approach to Nvidia’s. Nvidia is only selling its own Founders Edition / reference cards on its own store, cutting its graphics card partners out of the equation. Herkelman, on the other hand, is here talking about working with AMD’s add-in board partners (AIBs) to give them a direct route to gamers, instead of being completely focused on selling through traditional retail channels.
If AMD is then able to curate a space for its AIBs to offer Radeon graphics cards at the right price then it too will have a way to work with its partners to put pressure on the retailers to get pricing down, by offering an alternative route for gamers to get hold of their GPUs.
This should hopefully mean that, so long as both Nvidia and AMD are able to keep the channel filled with stock, we shouldn’t suffer from such an intense dearth of graphics silicon next time cryptocurrency miners get all up in our collective gamer grills.


Question: How will the Fabric Token bounty program tokens be distributed?

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 How will the Fabric Token bounty program tokens be distributed?

As the FT crowdsale ended, so did the Fabric Token bounty program. In this announcement, we will lay out the plan for distributing the 1 million FT allocated to the various bounty campaigns.
First of all, we need to examine how the number of tokens per stake is calculated. Let’s take our signature campaign as an example, as we’ve already updated the stakes and set the tokens for each participant in it.
In the signature campaign, we have a total of 19,877 stakes (you can see that by simply selecting the entire column in the spreadsheet), which were distributed among a total of 86 people. We also know that we have allocated 500,000 FT to the signature campaign. So, if we want to know how many tokens each stake is worth, all we need to do is divide 500,000 by 19,877. The result is 25.15470141369422.
Now, all we need to do in order to calculate how many FT each participant is going to receive is to multiply their stakes by 25.15470141369422. That’s how the token distribution is calculated in a stake-based program. If you select the entire Tokens column on the signature campaign sheet, you will see that the total sum is exactly 500,000.
Over the next few days we will update the stakes for all of the campaigns in the FT bounty program. We have already done so for the signature, translation, and Twitter campaigns, so what’s left is the blog/media campaign and the airdrop campaign.
The last one will take a while as there are quite a lot of participants and we need to check each one in three different channels – Telegram, Slack, and our mailing list. Once the stakes for all campaigns are updated, we will announce on the official FT bounty program thread.
Once we announce the final stakes, we will allow some time for participants to check their information i.e. ERC20 wallet address (where they will receive the tokens), stakes, etc. If there’s anything wrong and you would like us to fix it, please contact @donchokaraivanov on Telegram and he will help resolve your issue.
Since transfers on FT are frozen, the bounty tokens will not be distributed until the Fabric Token is listed on a good exchange. When that happens, transfers on the token will be unfrozen and we will then announce when the tokens for the bounty program will be sent to their respective owners.
50% (500,000 FT) for the signature campaign.
25% (250,000 FT) for the translation campaign.
10% (100,000 FT) for the blog/media campaign.
10% (100,000 FT) for the airdrop campaign.
5% (50,000 FT) for the Twitter campaign.
The final numbers for each participant will be announced once we have the checked all of the contributions in each campaign.
Signature campaign participants can now remove their signatures.
Airdrop participants should remain in the channels they joined until we announce that the stakes for that campaign have been updated.
The FT bounty program brought some good exposure to our project when it was still young and unknown and so it’s only fair that we deal with all participants in all campaigns as openly and as transparently as possible. We want to thank everyone who participated, helping us spread the word about the Fabric Token ecosystem. It really helped lift the project off the ground.


Question: What is Pietrzykowo-Wyszki?

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 What is Pietrzykowo-Wyszki?

Pietrzykowo-Wyszki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bielsk Podlaski, within Bielsk County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.


Question: Respond in 580 words. Describe the events that occurred on McNally Road in St. Albans, Maine on Friday.

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 Respond in 580 words. Describe the events that occurred on McNally Road in St. Albans, Maine on Friday.

Maine State Police on Friday monitor McNally Road in St. Albans near where a suspicious death occurred.
Maine State Police investigate the scene of a suspicious death Friday on McNally Road in St. Albans.
ST. ALBANS, Maine — Maine State Police arrested a 24-year-old St. Albans man who allegedly shot and killed his uncle inside the uncle’s home at 50 McNally Road.
Jeremy Erving, who lives at a different address in St. Albans, was taken into custody about 2 p.m. Friday, Maine Department of Public Safety spokesman Stephen McCausland said.
Erving is charged with murder in the death of Randy Erving, 53. He was arrested after being questioned by detectives.
“Between 8:30 and 9 o’clock this morning, our state police dispatch in Bangor received a 911 call; it was a medical call,” said Lt. Jeff Love of Maine Crimes Unit-Central of the Maine State Police, addressing reporters in St. Albans on Friday afternoon. “Simultaneously, an individual walked into the Somerset Sheriff’s Department, reporting that there was a shooting incident on the McNally Road.
“As a result, the Somerset Sheriff’s Department sent a couple of deputies to investigate and upon arrival found a deceased male,” Love said.
McCausland said that deputies found the body of Randy Erving in his bedroom.
The deputies then contacted the Maine State Police Major Crimes Unit, which began conducting interviews with family and friends of the two men.
McCausland added that a team of state police evidence technicians would process the home for evidence and the body would be taken to the state medical examiner’s office in Augusta for autopsy.
Jeremy Erving was taken to Somerset County Jail and is expected to make his first court appearance on Monday or Tuesday.
McNally Road is a dirt road near the Ripley town line. The road is posted at this time of year. On Friday, Maine State Police had the travelway blocked off just beyond the intersection with Route 23/152, closing McNally Road to all but residential traffic.
The older Erving’s home is located several hundred yards down the road. Police vehicles parked near the home were visible from the point where travel was blocked, including the Maine State Major Crime Unit van that was at the home for more than an hour and a half.
Edward Groskranz, a resident of St. Albans who said he did not know either the dead man or suspect, stopped by the end of McNally Road to see what was going on.
“It seems to be happening all over, I guess eventually it [would happen] here,” he said.
Both the deceased man and his nephew had previous minor brushes with the law.
Jeremy Erving was arrested by Maine State Police on Oct. 24, 2015, according to his criminal history record obtained from the Maine State Bureau of Identification. He pleaded guilty Dec. 19, 2015, at the Somerset County Courthouse in Skowhegan to one misdemeanor count of operating under the influence of intoxicants.
He was sentenced to eight days in jail and fined $500. His license was suspended for six months.
Randy Erving was charged in November 2000 with misdemeanor disorderly conduct by Maine State Police, according to a criminal background check. He pleaded guilty on April 4, 2001, in Newport District Court.
He was sentenced to seven days in the Penobscot County Jail, all suspended, and one year of probation.
If convicted of murder, Jeremy Erving faces between 25 years and life in prison.
BDN writer Judy Harrison contributed to this report.


Question: Describe the protest attended by Amy Schumer and Emily Ratajkowski in Washington, D.C.

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 Describe the protest attended by Amy Schumer and Emily Ratajkowski in Washington, D.C.

Amy Schumer Arrested at Kavanaugh Protest in D.C.
Amy Schumer was among almost 300 individuals arrested at a protest against Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh in Washington D.C. on Thursday.
Capitol police said 293 protestors were arrested in the protest at the Hart Senate Office Building atrium, and nine were arrested in a demonstration at the fourth floor of the Dirksen Senate Office Building. All were charged with crowding, obstructing, or incommoding — a misdemeanor.
Actress Emily Ratajkowski also said on Instagram that she was arrested at the protest.
Several photos emerged where Schumer and Ratjakowski could be seen in a line being escorted by police officers, along with many other protesters.
Thousands attended the event on Thursday to protest Kavanaugh’s nomination following an FBI investigation on the sexual assault allegation levied against him by Christine Blasey Ford. The protesters first gathered just after noon outside the E. Barrett Prettyman Federal Courthouse, where Kavanaugh currently works, before moving to the Hart Senate Office.
Among those arrested was Janet Redman of Washington D.C. She said the demonstrators were processed in a park outside the Russell Senate Office Building.
She said those arrested were being cited and can pay a $50 ticket to have charged dropped. She said Schumer was among those arrested and was still being processed.
Variety has reached out to Schumer’s rep for more information.


Question: Describe the 2018 Texas Senate Race between Ted Cruz and Beto O'Rourke.

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 Describe the 2018 Texas Senate Race between Ted Cruz and Beto O'Rourke.

Sen. Ted Cruz Rafael (Ted) Edward CruzO'Rourke to give commencement address at Texas's oldest black college Cornyn campaign, Patton Oswalt trade jabs over comedian's support for Senate candidate MJ Hegar announces Texas Senate bid MORE (R-Texas) has a 6-point edge over Rep. Beto O’Rourke (D-Texas) in his bid for a second term in the Senate, according to a new University of Texas–Texas Tribune poll released Friday.
Cruz gets the support of 51 percent of likely Texas voters, while 45 percent support O’Rourke, 2 percent back Libertarian candidate Neal Dikeman and 2 percent said they would support another candidate.
O’Rourke, who has garnered national headlines for firing up Texas’s liberal voting blocs and making the race in the Lone Star State significantly more competitive than expected, has found success among independents. The congressman has a 12-point lead over Cruz among independent voters, with 51 percent saying they’d support the Democrat and 39 percent saying they’d support the incumbent senator.
However, Cruz’s attempts to paint O’Rourke as too liberal for Texas appear to be paying dividends. While 49 percent of Republicans said they had no opinion of the congressman in the UT–TT poll in June, only 9 percent say the same in the poll released Friday. And while 42 percent of Republicans from the June poll said they had an unfavorable opinion of O’Rourke, that number jumped to 83 percent in Friday’s poll.
Cruz may also be buoyed by the fact that his net-favorability rating is positive while O’Rourke’s is negative. Likely voters have a favorable view of Cruz by a 51-44 margin, while they have an unfavorable view of O’Rourke by a 49-44 margin.
President Trump Donald John TrumpForget the spin: Five unrefuted Mueller Report revelations Lara Trump: Merkel admitting migrants 'one of the worst things that ever happened to Germany' Financial satisfaction hits record high: survey MORE’s support for Cruz could also help the Republican’s reelection efforts. After becoming fierce rivals during the 2016 presidential primary, Trump and Cruz have become allies both in Washington and in Texas.
About 48 percent of likely voters in Texas approve of the job Trump is doing as president, while 45 percent disapprove.
All these factors have helped Cruz maintain an edge in the polls, albeit a smaller lead than is usually seen in statewide races in Texas. While the Cook Political Report rates the race as a “toss-up,” an averaging of polls compiled by RealClearPolitics, which does not yet include Friday’s UT–TT poll, has Cruz up 7 points.
The UT–TT poll surveyed 927 likely voters from Oct. 15 to 21 and has a margin of error of plus or minus 3.22 percentage points.


Question: Describe the protests against ID checks between Denmark and Sweden. Respond in 11 sentences.

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 Describe the protests against ID checks between Denmark and Sweden. Respond in 11 sentences.

Some 300 protesters have scuffled with police at Copenhagen Airport railway station. They were rallying against ID checks between Denmark and Sweden introduced about a week ago.
The demonstrators came from both countries.
They were protesting against the border checks, which could increase the commute time from Copenhagen to Malmo from 40 minutes to just over an hour.
Some 20,000 commuters travel from Denmark to Sweden every day.
The new border controls are affecting buses, ferries and trains – but most of all, rail traffic between Copenhagen and the major Swedish city of Malmo over the Oresund Bridge.
The news that Sweden would carry out ID checks emerged in mid-December. The country wasn’t able to host any more asylum seekers, Swedish Migration Minister Morgan Johansson said.
“We have hit our limit. Denmark has not,” he added, causing outrage among Danish politicians.
Numbers speak for themselves, however: in 2015, Denmark received about 18,000 refugees, while Sweden took some 190,000 asylum seekers.


Question: What do you know about Robert L. Wheeler?

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 What do you know about Robert L. Wheeler?

Robert L. Wheeler (June 21, 1920 – April 12, 1992) was American Hall of Fame trainer of Thoroughbred racehorses.


Question: Explain the legal battle over Foxconn's bid to draw down Lake Michigan water Respond in 37 sentences.

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 Explain the legal battle over Foxconn's bid to draw down Lake Michigan water Respond in 37 sentences.

Legal battle over Great Lakes Compact language and company’s draw down of Lake Michigan water.
Wrangling Over Foxconn’s Massive Water Plan. Photo from Wisconsin Public Television.
Wisconsin’s decision to let Foxconn draw water from Lake Michigan may set a precedent for water use that resonates across the Great Lakes region and beyond. But an emerging challenge to it is really a battle over how to interpret the Great Lakes Compact, the 10-years-young eight-state agreement that governs access to one of the world’s most voluminous supplies of freshwater.
Madison-based law firm Midwest Environmental Advocates is leading a challenge. Instead of going straight to court, the firm and a coalition of Wisconsin- and Minnesota-based environmental groups it represents have appealed the matter to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, which approved the diversion in April 2018 and has decided to hear the appeal. An administrative law judge will be assigned to the case and set a schedule for hearings; if the challengers aren’t happy with the administrative law judge’s eventual decision, they can then file a lawsuit in state circuit court.
The Compact specifies that industrial users can have access to diverted water — and it’s routine for businesses to buy water from public utilities — but that water must “largely” supply residential customers to drink, bathe in, cook with and so on. The dispute over the diversion intended to supply Foxconn comes down to how flexible the term “Public Water Supply Purposes” is, and in what context “largely” is used.
The Racine Water Utility is the utility that submitted the diversion application to source additional Lake Michigan water to supply Foxconn. In asking the DNR to allow a diversion, utility made it clear that all the water it wants to pump across the Great Lakes Basin’s boundary — up to 7 million gallons per day — will go toward the massive manufacturing complex and related adjacent businesses. Neither the utility nor any of the diversion’s supporters are claiming that one drop of that water will be going into someone’s home.
Foxconn will use the diverted water in the village of Mount Pleasant, a municipality that is located partly in and partly out of the Basin; to use Lake Michigan water outside its boundary, Racine’s water utility needs state-level approval pursuant to the Compact. Racine officials assert that this planned use qualifies as “Public Water Supply Purposes” because even if it’s sending millions of gallons to the Foxconn factory, the utility’s service area as a whole will still be largely residential. That argument treats water used inside and outside of the Great Lakes Basin as one big aggregate, and the DNR cited that rationale in its approval.
The Foxconn complex is located outside the Great Lakes Basin but would be served by the Racine Water Utility. Map from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
The question at issue in the challenge, then, is in order for a diversion to qualify as “Public Water Supply Purposes,” does the diversion area itself have to be largely residential, or is it satisfactory for a utility to make big withdrawals for industrial purposes outside the Basin so long as it’s selling more water to residential households overall? The Great Lakes Compact doesn’t say one way or another.
Also, exactly what does “largely residential customers” mean? Is there a specific level or percentage that qualifies, or some cutoff where industrial water use is considered too much? It’s not in the text of the Compact. And since the agreement was ratified in 2008, there hasn’t been much opportunity for state or federal courts to parse how the language should be applied. The Compact’s text is less than 30 pages long — a beach read, in legal terms.
In a June 8, 2018 interview with Wisconsin Public Television’s Here & Now, Midwest Environmental Advocates attorney Jimmy Parra asserted that the Compact’s language doesn’t cover the Foxconn diversion.
“Racine’s water utility certainly meets that definition and would continue to meet that definition if the small part of [Mount Pleasant] outside the Basin were served with Great Lakes water,” said Mason.
Meanwhile, Parra and the law firm base their argument on the Great Lakes Compact’s requirements for diversions that specifically states “all the Water so transferred shall be used solely for Public Water Supply Purposes within the Straddling Community.” That language suggests that when sussing out how “public” a diversion is, the state should simply consider the specific area served by the diversion.
Both New Berlin and Waukesha sought drinking water for residential users first and foremost. Waukesha’s bid for Lake Michigan water has been controversial for a variety of reasons, but its opponents are not saying the city is making a massive water grab on behalf of a single company.
Parra told WisContext in a phone interview that the New Berlin and Waukesha diversions provide an example of how “Public Water Supply Purposes” language of the Compact should be applied, and noted they may bolster the argument that the reasoning behind the Foxconn diversion approval misinterprets it. The way the DNR currently interprets the Compact, he told Here & Now, opens the door for industrial users outside the Great Lakes Basin to take advantage.
The 7 million gallons Foxconn and Racine are asking for is indeed a lot of water, though not very much relative to the Great Lakes as a whole. But it’s the longer-term significance of the diversion that is at the heart of this debate. What kind of precedent would the Foxconn diversion set, and how that will affect the Great Lakes as a freshwater resource over the long run? What if more industrial users set up operations in Great Lakes states with an eye toward using that water?
Gravity Of Precedent Fuels Challenge To Foxconn’s Lake Michigan Bid was originally published on WisContext which produced the article in a partnership between Wisconsin Public Radio, Wisconsin Public Television and Cooperative Extension.


Question: Respond in 10 sentences. Describe the results of the 2004 United States Senate elections.

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 Respond in 10 sentences. Describe the results of the 2004 United States Senate elections.

The 2004 United States Senate elections were elections for one-third of the seats in the United States Senate which coincided with the re-election of George W. Bush as president and the United States House election, as well as many state and local elections. Senators who were elected in 1998, known as Senate Class 3, were seeking re-election or retiring in 2004. This was the third consecutive election for Senate Class 3 where the Democrats either broke even or lost seats. This also marked the first time since 1980 in which a presidential candidate from either party won with coattails in the Senate. As of 2018, these are the last elections held during a Presidential election year in which the Republicans made a net gain of seats.
Republicans won six seats but lost two themselves, giving them a net gain of four seats. Five of the six gains came from Southern states. Conservative Democrat Zell Miller of Georgia, who campaigned for President Bush, chose not to run for re-election and Republican Johnny Isakson won his seat; Democrat Fritz Hollings of South Carolina chose not to run for re-election and was succeeded by Republican Jim DeMint; Democratic vice presidential nominee John Edwards did not run for re-election and Republican Richard Burr won his North Carolina seat; Democrat Bob Graham of Florida chose not to run for re-election, and his seat went to Republican Mel Martinez; Louisiana Democrat John Breaux chose not to run for re-election and Republican David Vitter won his seat, and in South Dakota, Republican John Thune defeated the incumbent Senate minority leader Tom Daschle, the first time since 1952 that a sitting party leader lost re-election. Republican Senator Peter Fitzgerald of Illinois chose not to run for re-election and Democrat Barack Obama won in a landslide, becoming the Senate's only black member and only the third popularly elected since Reconstruction. Also, Republican Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbell of Colorado chose not to run for re-election and Democrat Ken Salazar won the open seat.


Question: What is the history of Elk Ridge, Utah?

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 What is the history of Elk Ridge, Utah?

Elk Ridge is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States. Named for a herd of elk that wintered in the area, it is part of the Provo–Orem, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,436 at the 2010 census. Elk Ridge became a fifth-class city by state law in November 2000.


Question: Explain the rumors about Mountain Dew's new flavor called "Dewritos."

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 Explain the rumors about Mountain Dew's new flavor called "Dewritos."

Like many terrifying rumors, it started on Reddit.
Kotaku noted that the “liquid cheese” was spotted at Ohio University in late October.
Joes_nipples also said that Mountain Dew was testing a lemon ginger, mango habanero, and rainbow sherbet flavor, too.
The product isn’t completely outlandish. Fusion is in right now (think Doritos Locos Tacos), Mountain Dew and Doritos regularly have partnerships, the Super Bowl is coming (anything and everything weird happens around the Super Bowl), and people have been kind of petitioning for this for a while.
Although the suggestions for Dewritos might not have been in earnest.
A Mountain Dew spokesperson told TIME that the product is being tested, although there’s no word if it will be coming to a store near you.


Question: Explain how higher speed limits may affect safety on US highways.

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 Explain how higher speed limits may affect safety on US highways.

The claim that "everything is bigger in Texas" will likely gain further credence later this year, when the speed limit on a stretch of toll road between Austin and San Antonio hits 85 miles per hour — the highest limit in the country.
Constructions crews on Wednesday began posting 85-mph speed limit signs along a pending section of toll road on Texas' State Highway 130. This 41-mile stretch of highway, which will open for traffic by Nov. 11, is on the east side of Austin and heads southwest toward San Antonio.
Chris Lippincott, an official with the State Highway 130 Concession Co., said that the Texas Department of Transportation has determined that this area is safe to travel at 85 mph.
"We are committed to operating a safe, reliable highway for our customers," Lippincott said in a statement. "On any road, drivers hold the key to safety based on traffic, travel conditions and the capabilities of their own vehicles."
The first 85-mile an hour speed limit signs are going up on a stretch of Route 130 outside of Austin, Texas. NBC's Brian Williams reports.
Since the repeal of the 55-mph national speed limit for U.S. highways in 1995, 34 states have individually raised their speed limits to 70 mph or higher on portions of their roads, according to the Governors Highway Safety Association.
Other roads in the Lone Star State also have high speed limits: On some highways in rural West Texas, drivers can legally cruise as fast as 80 mph, The Associated Press reported. Utah is the only other state in the country with posted speeds at 80 mph, with that as the limit on portions of Interstate 15, according to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.
The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety believes higher speed limits have a costly trade-off.
"There’s a clear safety downside to raising safety limits," spokesperson Russ Rader told NBC News. "The research is absolutely clear that high speed limits lead to higher crash deaths."
Rader cited a 2009 study that found that in more than 10 years of follow-up after the 1995 federal speed limit repeal, an estimated 12,545 American deaths were attributed to increased speed limits.
"If safety were a priorty, states would not be raising speed limits," Rader said. "They would be finding ways to heavily enforce speed limits they have."
The National Motorists Association, an advocacy organization originally rooted in fighting the 55-mph national limit, believes higher speeds are a "win-win" situation.
"Based on what we have heard about it, the Texas Department of Transportation did in fact do their required homework to make this happen," spokesperson John Bowman said.
"The prevailing wisdom is setting the speed low," Bowman said, so there is a pressure to set low speed limits. However, he said they believe that legitimate studies often find that the speeds on roads should be raised.
"There’s a myth that when you increase speed limits, accidents and fatalities go up," Bowman claimed.
According to Bowman, higher speeds can actually increase highway safety by letting traffic flow at is own rate, reducing conflicts between vehicles, less stopping and starting, and fewer quick lane changes.


Question: What is "Arms and the Man"? Respond in 3 sentences.

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 What is "Arms and the Man"? Respond in 3 sentences.

Arms and the Man or Heroes () is a 1958 West German historical comedy film directed by Franz Peter Wirth and based on the play of the same name by George Bernard Shaw. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. It was also entered into the 1959 Cannes Film Festival.


Question: What are tech companies doing to combat the spread of false information and harassment on their platforms?

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 What are tech companies doing to combat the spread of false information and harassment on their platforms?

In recent days, some of the world's largest tech companies released new transparency reports, opened up their content moderation guidelines, and adopted approaches to fighting pernicious content as they tried to head off government regulation amid concerns about "fake news," harassment, terrorism and other ills proliferating on their platforms.
The moves come amid a backdrop of governments across Europe and in the U.S. discussing regulations and ways to combat problems that seem to flourish on social media, and journalists and outlets in authoritarian countries pushing back against requests for their accounts to be blocked or taken down in an attempt to silence them.
Staving the flow of fraudulent news and extremist content, combatting hate speech and propaganda, and improving the quality of information and communication has become central to maintaining a regime of self-regulation among tech firms. And how they respond will have profound effects on media around the world.
When Facebook released its revamped transparency report on May 15, it provided more granular information on content takedown requests, compliance, and turnaround time. And Twitter announced that it will look at the behavior of accounts in attempting to deal with online harassment and trolling. The announcements coincided with the first day of RightsCon--one of the world's largest digital rights conferences--and followed the first YouTube-specific transparency report released by Google earlier this month.
Facebook has released a lot more data including the rationale behind what content it removed, whether the content was flagged internally or externally, how many people saw it, and how fast the post was taken down. Facebook said its reviewers will now label the violation justifying the removal--a move that could prove helpful in understanding the impact of policies restricting graphic violence or terrorism content.
For example, in the first quarter of this year, Facebook's report showed that it took action on 3.4 million pieces of content that violated its restrictions on graphic violence, ranging from content being removed or covered with a warning label. [A detailed definition of how Facebook defines graphic violence be found here.] Eighty-six percent of the content was identified by the company, and Facebook has attributed that 70 percent increase in content being identified since the prior quarter to improvements in its detection technology.
While providing this information is a welcome step, there is a long way to go in terms of accountability when it comes to content takedowns. Especially since there are myriad examples of social media platforms removing journalistic content only to reinstate it when, and if, an uproar occurs.
The day before Facebook released its transparency report, Dawn--one of Pakistan's leading English-language outlets--reported that Facebook had blocked a 2017 post about judicial activism that Dawn posted to the platform. Facebook later reinstated the post, explaining that it was blocked erroneously, the paper reported.
Such occurrences are all too common for media. In January, the Facebook page for TeleSur, a Venezuela-based public news organization, disappeared for a 24-hour period in what the social media platform referred to as "an internal mistake," Newsweek reported. Several Palestinian media organizations and journalists whose accounts were suspended, had them reinstated following a social media campaign "#FBcensorsorsPalestine" and questions from other media organizations. "The pages were removed in error and restored as soon as we were able to investigate," a Facebook spokesperson was cited as saying in The Verge. Tens of thousands of videos removed from the YouTube accounts of Syrian media were also eventually reinstated following worldwide criticism, according to reports.
Zayna Aston, a communications and public affairs official for Google and YouTube, said via email that when it comes to videos with graphic content, "Context is very important." Aston added, "That's why we published an updated Help Center article with dos and don'ts for uploading graphic violence and content related to terrorism on YouTube."
With enough outcry over the validity of removed content, it is possible to have it reinstated. But what about the media outlets and journalists who don't have the networks, the language, or the wherewithal to prompt a global backlash?
Neither the YouTube nor the Facebook transparency reports provide insight into the error rate. And there remains no way to independently review or audit takedowns to determine how many journalists or media outlets are affected.
A spokesperson for Facebook said the company may explore measuring its recently-launched content appeals process as a way to reflect error rate. A spokesperson for Google said via email that the company's report was a "first step," adding, "We'll include metrics for other violation types in future reports as we improve how we measure them."
Although Twitter is smaller than Facebook or Google, it has come to play a central role in the media ecosystem. But many journalists, particularly women and minorities, must deal with online trolling and harassment as a daily part of their jobs, leading some to withdraw from Twitter, social media, and, in some cases, even journalism, CPJ has found.
Twitter has struggled with how to address content that does not technically violate its Terms of Service but detracts from what it terms "healthy" conversations. By reframing problematic content as "behavior" instead of "speech" and reducing the visibility of such content, the company might be able to avoid being accused of censorship as it seeks to combat harassment.
"The signals we are using to do this work in product are based upon the behavior and conduct of an account, it's not based on the content of tweets, it's not based on opinion or perspective, but on the conduct of the account's behavior," Colin Crowell, Twitter's head of policy, said.
At a RightsCon panel co-organized by CPJ that focused on finding solutions to these issues, this approach seemed to have tentative support from participants working on issues related to online violence and harassment against women and journalists. But more will need to be done.