Question: How come when you download software do you have to approve the storage it takes up and install further? Shouldn't it already take up that amount if it's on your computer?

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 How come when you download software do you have to approve the storage it takes up and install further? Shouldn't it already take up that amount if it's on your computer?

when you buy an item from ikea. shouldn't it only take as much space as the box when you're assembling it? because it's already in your house isn't it? same concept. you download the installer which is compressed data aka the ikea box. then you have to decompress the data, aka take all the pieces out of the box which takes up more room. then you have to actually install the program aka now you assemble the ikea item which takes up even more room. and then once the program is done installed aka you're done putting the furniture together. you can delete everything aka throw again the box and packaging and stuff and get all the space that you used up back. so if you have only enough room for just the box from ikea, good luck assembling it.


Question: Why do things discolour when left out in the sun?

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 Why do things discolour when left out in the sun?

The energy from the solar radiation (usually referred to as UV spectrum) energizes and changed or breaks down the molecules that either absorb /reflect different parts of the spectrum. Thereby changing what is reflected back at us and we sense as color. Oh damn it’s Explain it like I’m 5. Um, okay... It's because the sunlight gives the colors sunburn.


Question: Why aren't other animals as freaked out by bugs and creepy crawlies as humans?

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 Why aren't other animals as freaked out by bugs and creepy crawlies as humans?

Fear is generally a learned response in humans rather than being present from birth. Whenever a human is observing another human as being a role model, the observer sees the response taken by the role model, and is more likely to recreate that response in the future. Because of this, it's easy to pass on your fear of bugs to another person, as long as that person's subconscious processing thinks you are worth learning from. On the other hand, some fears are present from birth as a defensive response to tell an animal to run away when presented with a dangerous situation. Most animals don't fear bugs simply because bugs don't do anything to the animal. But if you put a cucumber behind a cat while it's eating, it will panic and run away because it is born with a fear of snakes, and the cat's innate processing mistakes the cucumber for a threat. It's likely that our original fear of bugs did come from the knowledge that certain bugs can have bad or even deadly effects on us, which then spread the mentality that we should be afraid of all bugs. For an animal to fear that same bug, it would have to be because of a survival instinct, unless the animal somehow also learned to fear bugs. Edit: apparently the cucumber/snake thing with cats may not be 100% scientific, but it was the first example that came to mind when thinking of innate fears.


Question: Psychologically speaking, do parents have a preferred child?

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 Psychologically speaking, do parents have a preferred child?

There's no real way to quantify like. You could like kid 1 for X Y and Z but they're pretty terrible at A B and C, and kid 2 could be great at A B C but terrible at X Y Z - but again, how do you quantify these things to compare which child you like more? That being said, even if you did find some way of quantifying it, the chances of preferring both children exactly the same seems astronomical.


Question: How does the body decide which pathway food/air goes through?

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 How does the body decide which pathway food/air goes through?

Our throat consists of two tube-like pathways - one in the front for air, called the “trachea”, and one in the back for food, called the “esophagus”. At rest, the breathing pathway is open and allows air exchange from the environment and the lungs, while the food pathway is closed. When we swallow food, liquid, or saliva, there is a complex sequence of events that closes off the air pathway, opens up the food pathway, and works to push the food and liquid down the right path towards the stomach. If the sequence fails, for any number of reasons, food or liquid lands in the trachea and causes choking. This is what is commonly referred to as something “going down the wrong pipe” - coughing is the body’s defense to remove food or liquid before it gets to the lungs. The lungs can really only handle air, so food or liquid going down can cause infection, such as aspiration pneumonia, or respiratory failure and death. Source: I am a speech-language pathologist that specializes in swallowing disorders.


Question: Why are dark themes better for the eyes? it is true?

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 Why are dark themes better for the eyes? it is true?

Usually dark themes are used at night where the environment is much darker and your brain is used to process much less visual information. Using dark themes during a bright day is similarly uncomfortable to having brighter themes at night. Essentially, your brain got used to processing an amount of information, dark themes provide less information as the darker/black colors are recognized as a void (during the night) so your brain doesn't think much of it and focuses on what is brighter. During the day, your brain is used to balance the information from different sources, that's why you have to brighten your screen to your environment so your brain doesn't strain your body into deciphering the information that is being blurred out by much stronger sources. It's a matter of balancing the different sources of information so your brain doesn't become cluttered on one single point.


Question: Why and how are paradoxical statements expressed mathematically?

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 Why and how are paradoxical statements expressed mathematically?

Paradoxical statements are frequently used when trying to prove that some mathematical fact must be true. In order to prove something must be true mathematicians assume the opposite is true. If the opposite of what you want to prove somehow leads to a paradox that means logically the thing you tried to prove must be true. This kind of proof is called a proof by contradiction. Basically if you show that the opposite of what you believe leads to paradoxes the thing you want to show is true must be true.


Question: What exactly would it be like to live or visit the fourth dimension (4D)?

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 What exactly would it be like to live or visit the fourth dimension (4D)?

A dimension is not a place you can visit. A dimension is a direction. For example, on a straight line, there is only one possible direction of motion, namely forward/backward, so a line is a one-dimensional space. In a flat plane, you can move forward/backward or left/right, so a plane is two-dimensional. Similarly, the earth's surface is two-dimensional because you can move east/west or north/south. Keep in mind we don't need to use east/west or north/south specifically; we could use northeast/southwest and northwest/southeast, for example, and still be able to measure distances and directions just as accurately. So there isn't really a fixed "first dimension" or "second dimension"; you can choose any combination of directions you want, but in the end you will always need 2 directions to specify motion on the earth's surface. No single direction can encompass all possible movements, and any third direction you try to add will just be redundant. The *number* of dimensions a particular space has is fixed; which directions correspond to which dimensions are not. Similarly, if you take all of space, not just earth's surface, there are now 3 independent directions to move in: not just east/west and north/south but also up/down. Again, up/down is not "the third dimension" in any meaningful sense, since we can choose any combination of 3 directions we want in any order we want to label the dimensions. A fourth spatial dimension would be exactly the same sort of thing: just take ordinary space and add another direction to travel in. Of course it's impossible to visualize this, since human brains evolved to deal with three-dimensional objects, but it's not fundamentally any different than two-, three-, or seventeen-dimensional space. Some confusion can arise in physics because in relativity there are in fact two kinds of dimensions/directions: ones that act like space and ones that act like time. As far as we can tell, the universe has three-dimensional space and one-dimensional time (since there's only one direction to time: forwards/backwards), but some theories postulate more dimensions which are not apparent on the macro scale. So while space itself is three-dimensional, the full structure of space-time is four-dimensional.


Question: Why do atomic nuclei with odd number of protons behave as magnets when introduced to a magnetic field?

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 Why do atomic nuclei with odd number of protons behave as magnets when introduced to a magnetic field?

The magnetism of an atom comes from its electrons. Each electron shell can hold a pair of electrons - one with "up" spin and one with "down" spin. Electron spin isn't the same as normal spinning, but it's also not *not* like normal spinning. The spin of the electron creates a tiny magnetic field. When the shell has both electrons, their spins cancel each other out so there is no overall magnetic field. When there isn't a pair, there is one electron more with that direction of spin than the other direction, so its magnetic field isn't opposed by another electron. This gives the atom an overall net magnetic field. Atoms *generally* have the same number of electrons as they have protons. An imbalance between the two creates a charged ion, which is very likely to either capture an electron or eject an electron so that the charge becomes neutral again. So an odd number of protons means an odd number of electrons, which means the outer shell doesn't have a balanced spin, so it has a tiny magnetic field associated with that spin.


Question: If paracetamol reduces your fever, and makes you feel better, does that mean you are less contagious (for instance if you suffer from a cold) after swallowing paracetamol?

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 If paracetamol reduces your fever, and makes you feel better, does that mean you are less contagious (for instance if you suffer from a cold) after swallowing paracetamol?

Answer: No. It just reduces the fever via targeting the mechanism that makes your body temperature rise. It doesn't remove the source of the illness that's causing the fever. If your clothes washer over-flows due to a fault, and you mop it up, the mop cleans up the water but doesn't fix the washer.


Question: In the USA, how are presidential travel and security budgeted? Where does the money come from, and where does it go?

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 In the USA, how are presidential travel and security budgeted? Where does the money come from, and where does it go?

Other details that aren't wages involve logistics for support personnel, I.e rental cars, hotels, per diems, etc. Naturally they need to go out ahead of time to secure the area as well as during. Judicial Watch have posted specific details of travel line items (obtained thru FOIA lawsuits) but many line items are redacted by the source for security reasons. They have a category on their web site specially for presidential travel. With departments like DOD and DHS having budgets in the tens of billions, a presidential travel budget is a rounding error.


Question: Why does handsoap give such a different feeling when you rinse your hands compared to liquid dispensable soap?

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 Why does handsoap give such a different feeling when you rinse your hands compared to liquid dispensable soap?

I'm making the assumption you are talking about bar soap versus liquid soap, and not dish detergent versus hand soap. The simple answer is that they are not the same thing. Liquid soap is not just watered down bar soap, although you could make it that way as well. It's made with different ingredients, which changes it's solubility and feel. Bar soap is made by the saponification of fat or oil with a strong base like potash or lye. Soap is basically a salt that is the result of treating fat and oil with a strong base (the opposite of an acid). Many liquid hand soaps on the other hand are water based and use glycerin. The reason that soaps clean is that soap surrounds dirt and oils and lifts them off the surface. Because soap is so slippery it helps "slip the dirt off" and makes it harder for it to cling. The soap molecules, surround and enclose the dirt and grime like greasing up a wrestler and like a greased wrestler, nobody can grab them, they just slip out, like burned food particles slipping out of a dirty dish. Fun fact: Have you ever got bleach on your hands and when you wash it off, your fingers feel slippery? Bleach is a strong base, and when it reacts with the oil present in your skin, it saponifies and turns it into soap! This is also why bleach is good for cleaning things in a kitchen. It helps remove the grease and oil from things like stoves and tables by turning it into it's own soap. It also kills germs.


Question: Why are some electrical plugs so huge that they cover the outlets next to them? What is taking up all that space?

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 Why are some electrical plugs so huge that they cover the outlets next to them? What is taking up all that space?

The large component is the transformer. Household voltage can easily be stepped down to a few volts. However smaller the transformer, the lower the amps. If you look at all those power adapters around your house, you will see 2 numbers: volts (V) and amps (mA). The larger the amps, the bigger the brick. Of course, companies can slim down power bricks using more efficient transformers and other components but that requires cost. And of course, that cost is included in the equipment you’re buying.


Question: Why is it so much harder to read a phone when someone else is holding it, as opposed to when you are holding it yourself?

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 Why is it so much harder to read a phone when someone else is holding it, as opposed to when you are holding it yourself?

We can't hold our body completely still. When you're holding the phone yourself, it moves together with your body - your movement is synchronized with the phone's movement. When someone else holds the phone, that's no longer the case - the phone swings together with the other person's body, not with your's.


Question: Why are women who exhibit high levels of male hormones prone to weight gain?

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 Why are women who exhibit high levels of male hormones prone to weight gain?

You've got it a little backwards. The most common cause of abnormally high androgen (male hormones, like testosterone) levels in women is an common (\~20% of women) condition called PCOS. You can Wiki the full list of symptoms. There are a few other ways women can have unusually high androgen levels (steroid abuse, a few rare genetic conditions), but those don't get talked about much. One of the common effects of PCOS is insulin resistance. Normally, insulin is the hormone that helps the body turn glucose from food into energy. People with insulin resistance problems are not able to property absorb energy from food, as their body is resistant to the action of insulin. This means you feel hungry, drained and tired, even if you've eaten the correct amount. This leads to more eating. Which leads to getting fat. One of the biggest problems with insulin resistance is that the best way to combat it is to loose weight, but having insulin resistance tends to make you gain weight because you feel hungry even when you aren't. It's a cyclical problem. You're right that heightened androgen levels also produce a lot of typically "male" traits, like increased muscle mass, body hair, deeper voice, etc.


Question: Why do E27 compact fluorescent lamps need time to warm up and reach full brightness, while old school T5 fluorescent tubes don't?

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 Why do E27 compact fluorescent lamps need time to warm up and reach full brightness, while old school T5 fluorescent tubes don't?

A fluorescent tube is kind of like a neon tube, except it uses mercury instead of neon. And the mercury vapor emits most of its light as UV, which is used to energize a fluorescent coating that re-emits white light. So when they're off, the tubes are cold and have mostly liquid-metal mercury in them and a small amount of vapor. When they fire up, the energy vaporizes the rest of the mercury. In a large, straight tube the insides are more evenly "hot" and the mercury vaporizes quickly. In a tightly-wound little tube, like a CFL, there are "cool corners" where the mercury takes more time to fully vaporize and bring the tube up to full pressure.


Question: If every action has an equal and opposite reaction, why can a bullet do tremendous damage to someone, while the recoil from the gun cannot?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If every action has an equal and opposite reaction, why can a bullet do tremendous damage to someone, while the recoil from the gun cannot?

A bullet exerts a ton of pressure, much more than the gun does when it recoils. Pressure = momentum / surface area / impact time. Momentum is the same for the bullet and the gun, but the surface area and impact time vary drastically. The surface area of a gun is the area of the grip, while in the bullet's case it is less than a square centimeter. But much more importantly, is the impact time. As the bullet accelerates along the length of the barrel, a continuous force is applied to the gun. Additionally, because the gun is much more massive, this force goes into accelerating the gun, which acts as a buffer when translating momentum from the gun to the hand. When a bullet hits someone, travelling at hundreds of meters per second, the time of impact is tiny, resulting in a huge pressure. Even if the bullet was the size of your head, the time of impact is still so small that the pressure felt would be massive. This is why getting shot in a helmet can cause concussion or death.


Question: If a Snack Pack pudding is dairy, how does it have a shelf life of 12+ month?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If a Snack Pack pudding is dairy, how does it have a shelf life of 12+ month?

Back in the 1800s a guy named Louis Pasteur figured out that food spoiled due to the actions of microscopic living creatures called bacteria. These living creatures didn't spontaneously appear out of nowhere but reproduced from other living bacteria in the environment. He had the idea that if a container could be sealed and all the living creatures within killed, such as with the careful application of heat, then the food within wouldn't spoil. This process is called "pasteurization" and is in use today on dairy products of all kinds.


Question: How do calculators solve complex problems like matrices graphing etc. do programers have to write out every solution or are there shortcuts?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do calculators solve complex problems like matrices graphing etc. do programers have to write out every solution or are there shortcuts?

Ingredient 1: Computers are machines that perform simple operations VERY fast. Ingredient 2: Most complex math can be decomposed into (or approximated by) simpler math. For example, imagine that you know how to add 2 numbers. Well, with that tool, you can also multiply numbers (by performing several additions) and even calculate exponentiation (by performing several multiplications, which we already mentioned you can do with addition). By combining the two ingredients (a set of simple operations and knowledge on how to decompose complex math into simpler math), you get a machine that can perform complex math.


Question: How many times would I have to perform an action to guarantee 1 success?

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 How many times would I have to perform an action to guarantee 1 success?

You can never guarantee success of any action that does not have 100% probability. If it is *possible* to fail something once, it's *possible* to fail again. If you can fail the first time you can still fail the 1,000,000th time. This is also known as the gamblers fallacy if you want to look that up


Question: Can all forms of skin problems ranging from acne to eczema be cured permanently? Is there a way to do so with our current technology?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can all forms of skin problems ranging from acne to eczema be cured permanently? Is there a way to do so with our current technology?

“Can we cure all skin problems?” is a bit like asking “can we cure all stomach problems?” We’re talking about a wide variety of problems, with a wide range of causes, and we’re a long way from being able to cure them all. In fact, for some relatively common skin problems we’re not sure of the cause, let alone figuring out a cure. For example, psoriasis is thought to have a genetic component and be triggered or worsened by environmental factors. There’s currently no cure.


Question: What is the fifth dimension?

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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the fifth dimension?

First, a point about terminology. If I have a square, it's entirely accurate and meaningful to say "this is a four-sided shape". But if I start talking about "the third side of the square" without any further context, it wouldn't make any sense. There's no inherent numbering associated with a square's sides. It's the same way with dimensions. You can talk about a space being five-dimensional, but "the fifth dimension" doesn't really mean anything. This may seem like a minor point, but if you're reading something and see a phrase like "the fifth dimension" come up, it's a strong indicator you're reading either sci-fi or pseudoscience. In the context of mathematics, the number of dimensions a space has is just a way of measuring how many different directions there are to move in. On a line, there is only forwards/backwards; on the edge of a circle, there is only clockwise/counterclockwise. These are one-dimensional objects. In a flat plane, there's forwards/backwards and left/right, and on the surface of a sphere there's north/south and east/west. There are also many other directions, but the important part is that any other direction you pick (like northeast) is just a combination of the directions we already have. There are two "independent" directions, so these are two-dimensional objects. In the everyday 3D space we experience, there is forwards/backwards, left/right, and up/down: three independent directions to move in. While it is impossible to visualize four or more dimensions because our brains didn't evolve for that, there's nothing inherently contradictory about an *n*-dimensional space for n > 3, and the exact same mathematical ideas carry over to those higher-dimensional spaces. In physics, it's often useful to consider the universe as a 4D structure with forwards/backwards, left/right, up/down, and forwards-in-time/backwards-in-time. This last direction is different than the others in some ways (it is a direction in time rather than space, after all), but with the proper mathematical adjustments we can work with this idea to get useful results - this is one of the basic ideas underlying relativity.


Question: Just found out about the Toba Catastrophe Theory. With the generally accepted notion that modern day humans are from Africa, is the Toba Super-volcano the reason why?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Just found out about the Toba Catastrophe Theory. With the generally accepted notion that modern day humans are from Africa, is the Toba Super-volcano the reason why?

There's reasonable support for humans having dispersed from Africa in a potential 'first wave' well before the Toba eruptions. This first wave may have then died out or otherwise retreated, but it isn't clear that the Toba catastrophe is responsible. In theories dealing with multiple migrations, several suggest a second migration took place at the approximate time of the Toba catastrophe, but it isn't clear if it preceded or followed the eruption. There are theories involving both paths. Generally speaking, I believe lighter skin colors are considered a more recent development, within the last 50,000 years, and possibly significantly closer to today.


Question: Why does wetting my fingers help me to separate plastic sheets?

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</answer>
 Why does wetting my fingers help me to separate plastic sheets?

Water is a very poor lubricant - on the molecular level it's quite sticky. It works on slip-n-slides only because the objects sliding around, people, are big enough to easily overcome the molecular adhesion (although grease would still make a much better slip-n-slide!). On smaller scales water is sticky: pardon the example, but most men know this from trying to use water as a lubricant to jack off. This is due to molecular adhesion between the water and the wetted surfaces - this adhesion is evident in the fact that non-porous surfaces get wet at all, rather than the water just rolling off.


Question: Why do some appliances/devices require 6 AA batteries instead of 2 C batteries?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some appliances/devices require 6 AA batteries instead of 2 C batteries?

AA, AAA, C, and D batteries all have the same voltage (1.5 V) but have different amounts of total charge and different maximum current. If you use 6 AA batteries in series you can get 9 volts but with more charge than a single 9V battery. With 6 AA batteries in parallel you can likely provide more current than 2 C batteries without overheating the batteries.


Question: How does sound travel during phone calls? How am I able to hear someone half way across the world but it sounds like I am sitting right next to them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does sound travel during phone calls? How am I able to hear someone half way across the world but it sounds like I am sitting right next to them?

Sound travels in waves (usually through the air). When your vocal chords vibrate, it makes a pattern of waves in the air. If a speaker vibrates in that exact same pattern, it makes the same sound as your voice. The speaker vibrates either in or out. A microphone is essentially a tiny speaker. When your “voice waves” vibrate it, that in and out pattern is recorded as electronic instructions. Those instructions are sent to the other device over internet, cellular, radio, wire, etc. Once decoded, the device reproduces the in and out pattern on the speaker and you hear the same sound.


Question: Why do smartphones seem immune to storage failures, whereas PCs frequently suffer from hard drive crashes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do smartphones seem immune to storage failures, whereas PCs frequently suffer from hard drive crashes?

solid state memory with a constant power source is pretty reliable, hard drives have a lot of moving parts that can wear out and fail. PCs tend to age 4 or 5 years before they are replaces, some much longer. Phones are typically replaced every year or two. So their systems are newer and less prone to failure.


Question: Why does an orgasm feel so good? What is happening inside your body? NSFW

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does an orgasm feel so good? What is happening inside your body? NSFW

When you become sexually aroused, regions of your brain that are associated with anxiety, judgement, behavioral control, etc. decrease in activity. So before you even orgasm, your body is preparing to devote itself to having some sex. When you are actually having sex, signals are being sent to your brain to release dopamine, which is the chemical that's actually making it feel "good". That all culminates with an orgasm, a rush of that dopamine and the cozy "release" you feel afterwards. *Why* does it work like this? Sex makes babies, and biologically that's what you're here to do; that's how we survive. It feels awesome because it's the feeling of fulfilling your purpose in life, so-to-speak. We don't know what other animals that have sex "feel", but it's a fair guess that it doesn't feel bad for them, either.


Question: What caused the big bang to start and what existed before it?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What caused the big bang to start and what existed before it?

Nobody knows what caused the Big Bang to start and nobody knows what came before it. And as far as we can tell, there is no way of even possibly knowing the answer to either of those questions. Of course there is plenty of speculation - perhaps our universe came from a "big crunch" from a prior universe, or a black hole from an even bigger universe, but we don't have any way to test these ideas.


Question: Now that most movies don't use film, how do they distribute movies to theaters?

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 Now that most movies don't use film, how do they distribute movies to theaters?

> Because of security issues, proprietary portable hard drives are now the standard. They are shipped in a portable lock-box (similar to a handgun safe) from the film distributor and plugged into a custom closed digital projection system. It’s like a mini Fort Knox with multi-redundant safeguards against tampering. URL_0 Google to the rescue


Question: Why is it so easy for you to use a screw driver to loosen/tighten screws, but nearly impossible/very hard to do it with just your hand?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
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 Why is it so easy for you to use a screw driver to loosen/tighten screws, but nearly impossible/very hard to do it with just your hand?

To tighten a screw by hand, you're limited to gripping just the head. This would require you to pinch it between two finger tips, which has a maximum grip strength of maybe 20 pounds. Friction between skin and metal is iffy, so we'll say that you only get 10 pounds of grip. That is applied at a distance of, at best, a quarter inch from the center. This gives you a torque (rotating force) on the screw of 2.5 inch-pounds. With a screwdriver, you could instead grip with 60 pounds at least since you can use your whole hand. On top of that, you're twisting farther from the center - maybe 3/4 of an inch instead of 1/4. That allows for 22.5 inch-pounds, assuming the same friction from earlier. With a good rubber handle, friction may also be noticeably higher.


Question: Why do we get goosebumps?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we get goosebumps?

Goosebumps serve the purpose of making our hair stand on end. Each hair is controlled by a little muscle and when this contracts to make the hair stand up, a little bump forms. It is mostly thought to be a remnant of evolution and not needed anymore. Our ancestors had far more body hair and making hair stand on end would have been useful for keeping warm and for making oneself look bigger to scare off predators. While we lost the body hair through evolution, there was no advantage to getting rid of the muscles and so they remain even if not attached to a hair.


Question: why scientists claim that we never detected any alien signals although space is full of all type of waves?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
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 why scientists claim that we never detected any alien signals although space is full of all type of waves?

What they mean is they haven't detected radio (or any "observable" frequency) waves that indicate _life_ or _intelligence_. Plenty of things emit electromagnetic waves: our planet just sitting there (without us), emits radio waves. All the planets in our solar system emit radio waves... the sun just pours them out. Other stars, quasars, black holes.. all emit EM waves on various frequencies that we can pick up. But its all just noise, static or fundamental waves at various frequencies depending on what physical mechanism is generating them. Some of these are cyclical or periodic but those typically are following some observable physical period like a spinning quasar or the rotation of a planet. None of these signals exhibit the artificially constructed traces (like a steady carrier wave or regularly repeating patterns) that might indicate someone is doing something or designed a transmitter that is giving off these radiations _intentionally_.


Question: How does the air stay so hot in the nighttime when the sun isn’t even out? And how is it that the sun makes the temperature only like 5-10 degrees warmer during the daytime in the summer?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the air stay so hot in the nighttime when the sun isn’t even out? And how is it that the sun makes the temperature only like 5-10 degrees warmer during the daytime in the summer?

The same reason the inside of an oven doesn't return to room temperature the instant you turn it off. Both the atmosphere and the ground absorb heat during the daytime. It takes time for this heat to dissipate after the sun sets. Furthermore, and this answers some of the second part of your question as well, air doesn't stay in one place. There are both local and global weather phenomenon that move air around, so warm air can be coming from elsewhere on the planet. As for your claim that it's only 5-10 degrees (I assume you mean Fahrenheit) cooler at night, that's your personal observation in your specific location for a short period of time, not fact. There are tons of historical weather records from all over the world at different times of year and different points in history that show the actual daily, weekly, monthly, and seasonal highs and lows, and I think you'll find there's a ton of variation.


Question: why does the existence of wormholes automatically make time travel possible?

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 why does the existence of wormholes automatically make time travel possible?

First of all, the existence of wormholes doesn't automatically make time travel possible. We could find a wormhole today, and we still would not have the spaceship required to travel through it. Just the discovery doesn't make the travel guaranteed. But to answer your question, you can't have space without time. You can think about space and time separately, and you can have physics laws and theories that treat space and time independently, but out there, on Earth or between the stars / galaxies, there is space and also time is passing, and both space and time are reality. So a wormhole, if it exists, would connect from one galaxy to another, for example, and both galaxies exist in space AND time, so as a result the wormhole enables space travel AND time travel. And just like there's no limitation that says that the wormhole must connect from this galaxy (Milky Way) to this galaxy only, there's no limitation that says the wormhole must connect from now to now (the present time). So we COULD discover a wormhole that connects from the Milky Way now, to the Andromeda galaxy 1 billion years ago. You pass through, you arrive in the Andromeda galaxy and the stars are different but otherwise your watch is counting time as usual and everything else is normal. And you could travel back through the wormhole and get back home in time for dinner, or you could try to fly your spaceship from Andromeda to the Milky Way, and if that flight takes 1 year you'd arrive at the Milky Way 999,999,999 years in the past. Get to Earth and you'd be somewhere in the [Proterozoic]( URL_0 ).


Question: how does salt soften water? Why doesnt it taste salty?

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 how does salt soften water? Why doesnt it taste salty?

Hard water has calcium and magnesium salts dissolved in it, usually in the form of carbonates. The interior of a water softener is filled with resin particles that are saturated with sodium chloride. When the hard water flows over and through the particles, the sodium ions from the salt switch places with the calcium and magnesium ions in the water. Yes, there is added sodium in the water coming out of a softener, but it's now sodium carbonate, not sodium chloride, and they don't taste the same. The sodium content of softened water varies, but 750 mg per gallon is average. 750 mg is the sodium content of about a third of a teaspoon of table salt.


Question: Why do games render cutscenes real time instead of the cutscene just being a video that plays?

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 Why do games render cutscenes real time instead of the cutscene just being a video that plays?

More flexible and cheaper. In-game cutscenes mean you don't need external models and art, in addition to tooling; you can use your engine for everything. It's also easier to change something. If you want to change what happens, then you just do it; you don't have to re-render it. Also ages better, though I'm not sure anyone cares in the moment.


Question: Why is it that there are so many advancements in the world, yet it never feels like anything revolutionary is happening?

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 Why is it that there are so many advancements in the world, yet it never feels like anything revolutionary is happening?

Quite frankly, it probably is because you are not paying attention. I'm not that old, but in my lifetime, I have witnessed the emergence fo the following revolutionary, life-changing technologies: * microwave ovens * satellite communications * carbon fiber * home computers * fiber optics * lasers * optical storage * solid state storage * the internet * cell phones * smart phones * LED/LCD displays * voice recognition * GPS * medical imaging * orthoscopic surgery I'm sure I have missed several, but each of these impact my life on a daily basis. If you don't see the revolution, you need to look more closely.


Question: What happens to a Fly when they are exiting a vehicle window of a car that is going 60+MPH?

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 What happens to a Fly when they are exiting a vehicle window of a car that is going 60+MPH?

Immediately upon leaving the vehicle it would be traveling at 60mph. If that vehicle is a spaceship traveling in vacuum, the fly would continue traveling at 60mph until it hit something. On earth, the fly would leave the vehicle doing 60mph, and then have to cut through the static wind doing ~0mph around it's non-aerodynamic body. Odds are it would spiral out of control until the wind speeds around the fly's body were something it's wings could control. Depending on a TON of specifics, there is a speed where if they fly leaves the vehicle the wind forces around it's body will start tearing things off of it, like wings and legs. However, fly appendages are really strong for their size and it's more likely that the forces tearing wings off instead just slow the fly down before any real damage occurs. Going the other way, you could presumably have a fly outside the vehicle going 60mph, flying under it's own power IF you had a sufficient wind block/fan system that kept the fly's tailwind around 60MPH-[Fly's top speed].


Question: Why are gas prices so low, and will they continue to decrease?

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 Why are gas prices so low, and will they continue to decrease?

In part because 1.) Demand for oil products has dropped dramatically given the current crisis going on. 2.) Two large producers of oil (Saudi Arabia and Russia IIRC) kind of stopped agreeing with each other to limit production to keep prices stable, and started flooding the market with oil in an attempt to price each other out. This resulted in a lot of excess supply.


Question: why do things like Chocolate and Butter get soft before melting but things like Water don’t?

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 why do things like Chocolate and Butter get soft before melting but things like Water don’t?

Butter is a mixture of different substances with different melting points, whereas water is pretty much just made from one. So when water melts, the molecules on the outer surface turn to liquid first and just run off. But when butter melts, the fats liquidise, but some of the other substances are still solid, so you get a soft mixture. A bit like adding some flour into water; the water is still completely liquid, but the other stuff in it affects the consistency.


Question: Why is it better to buy a course from an educational site when you can find it on the internet on some shady sites for free?

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 Why is it better to buy a course from an educational site when you can find it on the internet on some shady sites for free?

If you're asking: Why should I pay for something, when I could just *steal* it, and get it for free. Then I'm sure you know the answer. If you're asking: Why should I pay for something, when there are free alternatives? I'd say it depends on the context. The advantage of a paid product, can be that it's maintained and updated - also a financial investment in something, can help with motivation:) Whereas with an old free course from 2015, you could easily run into problems like dead links and so on. But there definitely are a lot of free good sources for a lot of subjects.


Question: How can large chains (Target, Walmart, etc) produce store brand versions of nearly every product imaginable while industry manufacturers only really produce a single type of item?

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 How can large chains (Target, Walmart, etc) produce store brand versions of nearly every product imaginable while industry manufacturers only really produce a single type of item?

Those huge chain stores typically work with the manufacturer of most items and pay them to use their products in a store brand packaging. Walmart brand box macaroni and cheese, for example, is just Kraft macaroni and cheese put in a Walmart branded box. Same product, different package. This isnt always the case, and it might not even apply to Kraft macaroni and cheese, but the Kroger stores we have here do that with their food products.


Question: Why didn't Native Americans wipe out the Europeans with their diseases the same way European diseases wiped them out?

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 Why didn't Native Americans wipe out the Europeans with their diseases the same way European diseases wiped them out?

[CGP Grey does a good video about this]( URL_0 ). To summarize, the Americas had diseases, but they did not have plagues. Diseases can kill you, but they do so slowly and do not spread easily. Plagues will spread fast and kill fast, wiping out the population. The Europeans brought over a lot of plagues, but received none from the Americans. There are a couple of reasons why the American did not have killer plagues. For a plague to survive and spread, it needs people to infect. Since the Americans lived in smaller villages spread apart, there were fewer victims. If a plague arose in a small village, it would infect everyone, but not go any further and die out. In Europe, the plague could spread through an entire city, always finding a new host. Travelers carrying the plague to other cities would allow the plague to keep spreading. Another reason is livestock. When a plague infects and kills a human, this bad for the plague because it dies along with its host. Some plagues, however, which are deadly to humans may not be harmful to animals. Plagues may infect livestock and they both keep living. The Americans did not have livestock. So, if a plagued developed, it only had humans to infect, and doing so would kill the hosts and the plague would fade away. So, in short, the lack of dense connect cities and the lack of plague carrying animals made it difficult for the Americans to make the Europeans ill.


Question: How do 4chan raids work?

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 How do 4chan raids work?

So a thread, usually from /pol/ or /b/ decides, "fuck this person/group." And goes to do something damaging to their image. The best case of this is probably the Habbo hotel raids or the Taylor swift/mountain dew contests. Which were both successful and pretty well known. In the case of Habbo they came up with the story that all the virtual pools had been contaminated with HIV and/or AIDS. So every participant was to make a black avatar in the game with a suit and afro and block players from entering the pools while they stood in swastika formations. In the case of mountain dew it held a contest to name the new flavor and had write in options. "Hitler did nothing wrong" won. Taylor swift held a poll for what school she should go to for a concert. The winner was a school for the deaf. Justin bieber did something similar for his world tour and North Korea won. Less well known but frankly funnier is the retaliatory raids against Tumblr. Tumblr tried to raid 4chan with 3rd wave feminist and social justice posts trying to effectively stick their banners in mounds of shitposts. Little did they know 4chan had much more time with weaponized autism research and flooded Tumblr with gore and porn all tagged with feminist and social justice tags. Anyone searching for feminism would be met with gore. Some people think the original Tumblr raid on 4chan may have been instigated by a 4chan user from pol or /b/ similarly to how they have manipulated people with things like the waterproof apple software update.


Question: How do they get the colored tail behind the ball on tv while watching golf?

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 How do they get the colored tail behind the ball on tv while watching golf?

To quote /u/Kowzorz from [this thread from last year]( URL_0 ) > You can have a computer program look at the pixels on the screen and generate a "true" path by applying some vector math to the curve generated on screen. Then you can draw that curve from the perspective of the camera and overlay it on the screen. Alternately, you can just make a 2D curve overlayed on the screen where the pixels change and make the curve appear to move away (by being smaller) at a constant rate which is probably good enough for a simple visual.


Question: Why do people in the US refuse pay raises to not get into higher tax brackets?

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 Why do people in the US refuse pay raises to not get into higher tax brackets?

Its not just about tax brackets, which other replies in this thread seem to maybe not understand. Lets say I have a family of 3 with an income of $80800. With this, I see an estimate of [$8270 financial help]( URL_0 ) with insurance. If I get a $1 raise, putting me at $80801, [I lose all of that assistance]( URL_1 )