Question: Why is it, when you try to wipe away drops of blood off of a surface, it leaves a behind a thin ring around it which is harder to clean?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it, when you try to wipe away drops of blood off of a surface, it leaves a behind a thin ring around it which is harder to clean?

Because the blood at the edge of the drop dries more quickly. When a drop of blood hits a surface it tries to stay together, but it will obviously spread out some into a circle. The inner most part of the drop will be more dense than the outer part. Since the outer part has less blood, it will dry more quickly, leaving dried residue behind when it's wiped away Edit: as many have pointed out, i should not have used the term dense. The the amount of atoms packed in any given area will pretty much remain the same throughout. I meant the middle will contain more blood than the outside due to inter-molecular forces. Edit 2: Also i understand blood 'clots' and doesn't just 'dry' like i said. I just gave a basic explanation for why most liquids dry at the outside before the inside. Blood just does it much much faster due to its ability to clot.


Question: Why are atoms with 8 valence electrons so stable?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are atoms with 8 valence electrons so stable?

Think of it like having a complete set of cards (Pokemon, all cards of a suit, whatever). The outermost layer is like your pile of cards. Those players with a full outermost shell have a “full set”. They have no incentive to play the game. However, if you’re one of those players that is missing just one card from your set, you’re going to try to win/steal that remaining card from another player. Since your goal is to “catch them all” you have two strategies: A: Steal that card from a player who has only one card in their hand. You steal that card (electron) from the other player (atom) and now you have a full set of cards (outermost shell). You’re happy! But because you feel guilty that you have one extra card than you’re supposed to, and the other player is angry he has one less than he should, you guys stick around one another (ions with opposing charges- ionic bond. Ex: NaCl) B: A friend of yours who is also short one card decides to share a card with you. You both can behave like you have a full set, but you guys always stay by each other so you can continue to share the card (covalent bonding Ex: H2 hydrogen gas)


Question: Why are some iron unmagnetic?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are some iron unmagnetic?

All atoms and molecules have electromagnetic properties. The reason you can stand on a floor or sit on a chair without falling through it is due to the effects of charge, which functions along the electromagnetic field. to get the gross electromagnetism that will let you stick something to your fridge or whatever the material has to form "magnetic domains" (which are groups of atoms that are aligned the same way). If the domains are too small, or point in too many different directions, the effective magnetic field of the object in general will be zero. When a cast iron skillet is made it is made by pouring molten iron into a mold. The mold is then allowed to cool and the iron hardens. Nothing in this process encourages any sort of order to form in the metal, so it's magnetic potential is random and therefore effectively zero. When you bring another magnet close to your cast iron pan the magnetic field of that magnet forces the domains nearest it in the pan to temporarily flip around and align themselves with the magnet itself. that makes the pan temporarily magnetic where the magnet is touching or nearly touching it. That's why you can stick a magnet to your cast iron pan but your cast iron pan is not inherently magnetized. To make a permanent magnet you have to make the hunk of metal and then coerced it to being a magnet by exposing it to a magnetic field that is very strong and providing some means for the atoms to permanently move into that new alignment. This can be done with heat or strong vibration. So for instance you can take a nail that is not magnetic, line it up north and south, and then repeatedly strike it with a hammer while something holds it still. The repeated shock of impact will cause microheating and allow the atoms to reposition themselves. After a few hits you will find that nail has become a weak magnet. (You can demonstrate this truth either by picking up iron filings or by floating the nail on a piece of wood and watching it align to the same position It was in when you struck it with a hammer.) So any given compound has the potential to be a permanent magnet to a greater or lesser degree. For instance copper can be temporarily magnetized using an electric current but it won't hold that magnetism ever and plastic, being an insulator, can't be made magnetic at all even temporarily. but a potentially magnetic thing doesn't become magnetic until it is forcibly magnetized by an external event. You can find natural magnets that formed just because of things like melting in volcanic events that form the rock or whatever, but in practice someone has to set out to turn something into a magnet. Large steel vessels, particularly military/naval ships, have to be _demagnetized_ in a task called degaussing because they can have a significant accidental magnetic field created during construction. And that field can be problematic for various reasons. So your cast iron pan is not an inherent magnet because there was no value in spending a lot of effort into making it magnetic for no reason. Plus the fact that you repeatedly heat and cool the pan means that it wouldn't remain magnetic for very long after you started using it anyway. Heating and cooling the pan without applying a deliberate magnetic field ruins a magnet. Just like heating and cooling a piece of iron in a magnetic field creates the magnet in the first place. There's some good YouTube videos about making strong magnets in factories.


Question: Why do we get words or small phrases stuck in our heads over and over and over and over?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we get words or small phrases stuck in our heads over and over and over and over?

Your brain uses different parts and different amounts of energy to process words versus syllables. Processing a phrase as simply words takes more energy, so when you repeat a word or phrase over and over your brain gets tired and begins to process it as syllables, which has rhythm and musicality! Then it’s much like when you have a song stuck in your head. Edit: here’s an example here: URL_0


Question: How do states like Monaco and Singapore make so much money and have low taxes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do states like Monaco and Singapore make so much money and have low taxes?

Singaporean here. We are rich because we have low corporate taxes. When it comes to high-skilled, high-salaried industries like banking, petroleum and medicine, the operating costs (skilled labour, input materials, energy costs) are the same worldwide. Even though land is expensive here, over the Long run of a company’s life it represents a minor cost at best. So companies trying to max out their profits go for low-tax counties like Singapore, to retain as much of the profit margin as possible. It helps that Singapore is extremely business friendly, English-educated and politically stable. Many companies from neighbouring regions such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, China like to set up operations in Singapore, while international companies from the EU/USA/Australia/Middle East set up regional hubs in Singapore to coordinate their operations in Southeast Asia /Asia as a whole. Eventually, the government gets the money back through individual income taxes, GST taxes (VAT or sales taxes), some smaller amounts through vehicle ownership taxes, property taxes etc. They aggressively invest the tax revenue and the returns provide even more revenue. Since we don’t have social welfare (unemployment benefits, universal healthcare, etc) the government doesn’t need to spend much and accumulates a budget surplus most years. This is again reinvested and provides more income in the future.


Question: Why does hot sauce seem to be mild on lukewarm foods but much spicier on hot foods?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does hot sauce seem to be mild on lukewarm foods but much spicier on hot foods?

Spicy things taste spicy because they trick your mouth into thinking everything is warmer than it really is. When you breathe room temperature air like this, it feels like it's warm enough to damage you, so your temperature receptors say, "ow, I'm burning!" If you eat a lukewarm thing which is spicy, the boost makes it feel a little hot, but if you eat an already hot thing which is spicy, it feels really really hot! More technical explanation: Capsaicin binds to the TRPV1 receptor in your mouth, which is the receptor you use to detect when something is burning you. This receptor is stimulated by heat, and normally it's calibrated to exactly the right point to detect damage. Since the receptor is already a little bit stimulated from the capsaicin, room temperature is enough to stimulate it over the pain threshold. The more total heat, the higher over the threshold it's stimulated, and the more pain you experience. Interesting note: while room temperature is enough to stimulate it over the threshold, things like ice aren't warm enough. That's why sucking on an ice cube takes away the spice for a bit, until it warms up in your mouth. Think about this on a scale from absolute 0 to the hottest thing in the universe, an ice cube is still well above absolute 0 and thus has some "warmth". The way we perceive cold is actually a totally different mechanism, with the TRPM8 receptor. Menthol, the chemical in mint gum and toothpaste, is like the cold version of capsaicin.


Question: Why is calculus important in the medical field?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is calculus important in the medical field?

When you take any medication, someone has to have calculated how long the drug lasts at each dosage level. They have determined the correct dose for each body weight. They know how that medication is affected by other drugs, including how the duration or decay rate changes. To do these types of calculations, scientists and pharmacists use computers... But they used to use calculus.


Question: How is plastic actually made?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is plastic actually made?

That depends on the type of plastic. Consider a ball pool for children. It is easy to bath in it, because its easy to move them away. So it's like a liquid. If you would now glue two balls together and make a new ball pool out of these, is would get harder to swim, as the two balls are not round anymore. Now imagine a chain of several thousand balls. If you move one, you also have to move a lot of other chains. So they basically become solid. Polypropylene and Polyethylene are such chains of carbon molecules. With chemical reactions small molecules (propylene and ethylene) are glued together to form long chains. This is called POLYmerization. Hence the name polymer.


Question: Why does a bad score on a final drag your grade down more than a good score raises it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a bad score on a final drag your grade down more than a good score raises it?

It's all about a number's distance from the mean \- the farther away from the average a number is, the greater its impact. Let's say that you're sitting right on A\- territory for a class, 90 & #37;. We've all been there, right? Well a good grade on the final would probably be in the 90\-95 & #37; range, or even up to 100 & #37; if you really nail it. At the end of the day, that's not too far from your average of 90 & #37;, so it can't have too big an impact \- you might go up a few & #37;, depending on how much of your grade the final is worth. But now let's assume you get a bad score on the final \- maybe something in the 60's. Now you're 20\-30 points below your average, and it's going to drop your score significantly more. But if you got a score that was only a few points below your average \- say an 85 & #37;, it would drop you the same amount as a score of 95 & #37; would raise you. Basically, we tend to be closer to the higher points on the spectrum, so the lower grades tend to be farther from our average, meaning they affect the averages more. If you were averaging a C\- at 70 & #37;, then a bad grade of 60 & #37; or so would actually drag your grade down *less* than a good grade of 90 & #37; would raise it.


Question: What fills the space of a synapse?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What fills the space of a synapse?

The extracellular fluid (ECF) fills the space. That's filled with all sorts of different ions, proteins, enzymes, and will be different depending on the neuron to suit it's specific needs. Neurotransmitters usually get sucked back up into the presynaptic terminal soon after release or broken down by enzymes and recycled. A small portion will diffuse away from the synapse, usually getting taken up by an astrocyte.


Question: How do objects get the same amount of power from one port as it would from an extension cable that splits said port in 3 or 4, wouldn't it just cut the power in half or in quarters giving less power to the object?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do objects get the same amount of power from one port as it would from an extension cable that splits said port in 3 or 4, wouldn't it just cut the power in half or in quarters giving less power to the object?

Most things don't use the entire amount of current that a breaker can deliver. Don't think of the power from an outlet like it's a set amount... The amount of power being delivered from the outlet depends on how much power is required by the things plugged into it. You only run into trouble if there's enough load on a single circuit to trip the breaker. And you'll see that happen if you're microwaving, using the toaster, and running a few other kitchen appliances at the same time


Question: What are nootropics doing to your brain when you take them? What happens if you start to take them routinely?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are nootropics doing to your brain when you take them? What happens if you start to take them routinely?

> What are nootropics doing to your brain when you take them? What happens if you start to take them routinely? Good questions, the main problem is that there are no solid answers to those questions. First of course it is overly broad; there are tons of different substances marketed as nootropics which likely have many different effects. But the other part of the problem is that studies backing up the effectiveness of nootropics are very lacking or entirely absent. Not only are the studies lacking but the participants of the industry seem uninterested in obtaining real evidence, choosing instead to skirt the edges of the law by marketing them as "supplements" and avoiding any legally enforceable claims of their effects. You should have no confidence that what you are purchasing does what they claim.


Question: Why are most PC components compatible, yet CPU's architecture changes massively that you need new motherboard structure for the CPU?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are most PC components compatible, yet CPU's architecture changes massively that you need new motherboard structure for the CPU?

New CPU generations generally add capabilities (additional registers, different memory access modes, etc etc), and require supporting hardware on the motherboard. When you say GPU you are really referring to the video card, not the GPU chip itself. GPU chips also change their supporting architecture dramatically from generation to generation, but all of that change is isolated to the video card. The video card then has a standardized interface to the motherboard, and those don't change often because motherboard manufacturers have incentive to maximize compatibility.


Question: Why do U.S. Citizens have to file their Income Taxes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do U.S. Citizens have to file their Income Taxes?

The IRS takes money out of our paychecks, but it's a guess based on what they think we'll owe. Come tax season, it's possible we may have overpaid or underpaid. People also have sources of income other than paychecks (real estate, investments, inheritance, capital gains..etc) and taxes have to be paid on those things.


Question: The Duchess of Cambridge has won damages for topless photos of her being printed in a French magazine. How is this amount quantified?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 The Duchess of Cambridge has won damages for topless photos of her being printed in a French magazine. How is this amount quantified?

Damages are also meant to be punitive - it's a warning to that publication and to others saying "Don't do this again, or it'll cost you quite a bit." The number was chosen by the court, and is more or less arbitrary. They said "well, this caused some stress in her life and we want to punish the tabloid enough that they don't just do it again, so let's call it £90k or so."


Question: What is the science behind shy bladders?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the science behind shy bladders?

The short answer is: we don't know. Embarrassing incidents (teasing, accidents, scolding, etc) may be a psychological cause but it is not the cause of all cases so it's hard to pinpoint psychological or physiological causes, and it can develop at any age. (I had no problem using urinals with others present until my mid-20s and now have to use a stall - and even that sometimes doesn't work if I can hear people out there. Even at home, when i had a roommate, I'd be unable to pee if i could hear them in the kitchen.) The longer answer is: our culture treats urination as a private act, but public restrooms (especially urinals) disrupt privacy. Our bodies are very good at holding it back even when we really need to go - think of how you can have a painful bladder and strong urge to go but can still manage to get home first but then it becomes harder to hold the closer you get to the bathroom. So unless you feel properly relaxed, your body can hold on.


Question: how do electric eels not shock them selves, and how can they build up and store that energy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do electric eels not shock them selves, and how can they build up and store that energy?

I've searched tha seven seas fer an answer. Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5:How do electric eels generate electric current? ]( URL_5 ) ^(_69 comments_) 1. [ELI5: How do electric eels generate voltage? ]( URL_3 ) ^(_4 comments_) 1. [ELI5:How does an electric eel produce its deadly electricity? Where does it come from? ]( URL_0 ) ^(_16 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Electric Eels ]( URL_2 ) ^(_1 comment_) 1. [ELIF: How do electric eels become electric? And are there any other electric animals? ]( URL_4 ) ^(_3 comments_) 1. [ELI5: How do electric eels not harm themselves by releasing an electric pulse in a conductive body of water? Could an electric eel theoretically shock you without touching you if you are in the water with them? ]( URL_1 ) ^(_2 comments_)


Question: Why are spousal hires so prominent in academia but not other industries?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are spousal hires so prominent in academia but not other industries?

In academia they often need someone with a very specific skillset. A posting may be sponsored by the Biology department, but they actually are looking for someone who specializes in a particular subset of the field and whose research interest both fits with the mission of the university and complements (but doesn't compete with) the work being done by other faculty. Out of 100 applicants for a faculty position, many times only four or five are even worth bringing out for an interview, and many times those are just using your posting to jockey their home institution for a retention package. What's more, academics often tend to marry other academics, and since faculty jobs aren't like many fields where there are a lot of opportunities to do them most anyplace, spousal hires are a powerful tool for recruiting and retaining star faculty. (Source: married to a faculty member at an R1... was not a spousal hire fwiw)


Question: Why is it always shown to be important to keep people conscious when trying to keep them alive? Ex. injured/ trapped in the cold weather overnight

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it always shown to be important to keep people conscious when trying to keep them alive? Ex. injured/ trapped in the cold weather overnight

Physician here. I think there are a few reasons. But let me preface this by saying that in the hospital, we don't really try to do this. This is a non-medical thing that has crept into the collective consciousness. Having said that, if a trauma health care provider knows something more, I am willing to be corrected. 1) Reassurance. It's more reassuring to have someone awake and communicating as opposed to being unconscious; 2) If a trauma victim can maintain consciousness, it's considered a good sign - they have enough perfusion, oxygen/blood supply to the brain; 3) **Medically** however, if you are unconscious, you cannot protect your airway. You can obstruct your airway and now the care provider has to worry about maintaining your airway. You can vomit and aspirate (inhale) the vomit which is *no bueno* medically speaking. Unconsciousness indicates a deteriorating health status and knocks down your [Glasgow Coma Scale]( URL_0 ) points.


Question: Why does carbonated soda taste so much better than flat soda?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does carbonated soda taste so much better than flat soda?

Soda is designed by food scientists to be tasted while carbonated. The balance of flavors is arranged to work best when carbonation is present. Specifically, carbonation involves dissolving lots of carbon dioxide in the water of the beverage, which turns into carbonic acid when dissolved. This lowers the pH and provides a big part of the sour flavor. When the soda goes flat, the sour flavor is removed and the other tastes are out of balance, so it doesn't taste as good.


Question: Do movie directors write the story that have on their mind, or do they get someone to write it for them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do movie directors write the story that have on their mind, or do they get someone to write it for them?

Directors direct and writers write. The director can ad lib small things but script rewrites need to go through the writers first. Sometimes there’s a writer on set that will change things or sign off on changes. I guess a director could also have written the story too but more commonly the just direct. Source: I work in the film industry.


Question: How do garbage collecting companies know if you put the wrong thing in the bin?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do garbage collecting companies know if you put the wrong thing in the bin?

It depends on the garbage company. The easiest is indeed to just look into the bin when they open the lid. In addition a lot of garbage trucks are able to load the content of the bin into an area where it can be inspected before compressed and put in the correct internal bin in the truck. It might also be possible to put the content back into the bin depending on the design of the truck. Regardless of how the garbage is collected it is still required to manually inspect any garbage before recycling. Of course the garbage is mixed so it is not so easy to trace back which bin were not sorted but they do get an idea of which street is good at recycling and which are bad at it. The manual sorting is done by poaring the garbage onto a convayor belt and having people sort through it manually to pick out things that should not be there. There may also be mechanical sorting such as magnets to pick out metal or cameras that can pick out different types of plastic.


Question: Are are zoo animal births less successful than in their natural habitats? If so... Why?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Are are zoo animal births less successful than in their natural habitats? If so... Why?

Zoo animals births are 1000x more successful than in the wild. Zoos aren't just a place for entertainment. It a rehabilitation center focusing on saving species. If an animal is born in a zoo there's a WHOLE medical staff ready to jump in if there's any signs of distress or issues. The baby then gets checked their shots and reintroduce to their mother and monitored closely by the staff. To ensure its health They don't have that in the wild. Especially predators. Ready to kill the newborn.


Question: How do USB/HDMI/DisplayPort keep getting faster?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do USB/HDMI/DisplayPort keep getting faster?

Improvements in various things. For example in HDMI the speed increase is associated with a higher clock rate. Much like faster processors increased in Mhz, and into Ghz. HDMI Max Clock frequency to Data throughput - HDMI 1.0 - 1.2: 165mhz = 4.95Gbps - HDMI 1.3 - 1.4: 300mhz = 10.2Gbps - HDMI 2.0: 600mhz = 18Gbps - HDMI 2.1: ?? Spec not out to public or vendors yet, [here is some speculation though]( URL_0 ). This increase in clock speed is kind of like increasing the speed limit on the road. If the speed limit goes up from 25mph to 50mph, twice as many cars can go down that road. There are various reasons that increasing the frequency of the signal is difficult, and just gets harder the higher the frequency gets. Sometimes bandwidth increases come from adding pins/wires. This is like adding another set of lanes to that 25mph road. More lanes, more cars.


Question: Where does money come from? How does an economy keep getting more money - what is the origin?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where does money come from? How does an economy keep getting more money - what is the origin?

Money is an agreement. Everyone agrees that this piece of paper (or shells, pieces of ivory, bronze coins) has a specific value. This allows people to buy and sell things without having to barter and end up with things you don’t want (like trading wheat for sheep). The argument comes in when people don’t agree on the value of a good or service or that I want to get Paid more, or there was a flood and all of the crops in Kansas were wiped out. The government has tools available to stabilize the value of the money it issues. The more stable the value of the money, the more people will trust it and use it. A good example of a currency that does not have stabilization controls (among other things, including the fact the ledger can be spoofed and by design the currency has an artificial scarcity) is BitCoin. Because of its instability, larger companies are not willing to use it. Since people cannot predict what the value of bitcoin will be in a couple of months, it becomes very difficult for any kind of long term planning. Tightly controlled currencies with stable economies (and the economy has to be stable to maintain a stable currency) behave in stable predicable ways, the federal reserve is trying to maintain an inflation rate around 2% so everyone has a good idea what their dollars will be worth in a year. Note that the federal reserve can control lending rates, it does not directly control the value of the dollar (which leads to currency trading).


Question: How do we track launched missiles yet lose passenger planes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we track launched missiles yet lose passenger planes?

When a missile is launched there is lots of attention on it but with thousands of planes in the air at any given time you can't have multiple satellite pointed at all of them all the time. If you had a dedicated satellite array that focuses on one plane you wouldn't lose it either.


Question: How bloated is the US military budget really, especially compared to other countries?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How bloated is the US military budget really, especially compared to other countries?

The US defense budget as a percentage of the GDP is about 4.5% .... In 2018 it stands at about $681B. Maybe you can be more clear about what you are asking. Comparisons to other countries are not good indicators since every country has different conditions. The question to ask is what is the US defense scope and how does it match the budgetary allocation. Many folks are not aware that a large portion of the defense budget goes to payroll and benefits for veterans. That part cannot be changed. The discretionary (part that can be changed) is much smaller.


Question: How does water "climb up" certain materials, like paper?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does water "climb up" certain materials, like paper?

Capillary attraction. Have you ever looked at the edge of water in a half full glass? Where it meets the glass the surface goes upwards a little. That's because the water "wets" the glass surface, it tries to have a very shallow angle of contact. In a narrow tube, that wetting and the attraction that water molecules have for each other (surface tension) pulls the water a little way up the inside, higher than it would be if just gravity was affecting it. The narrower the tube, the higher it rises. Paper is just the same, it has a very water-compatible chemical nature (hydrophilic) and the water pulls itself up in the narrow gaps between the fibres.


Question: Why do old televisions emit high-pitched noises while in use?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do old televisions emit high-pitched noises while in use?

The way those TVs work is that an electron beam (or cathode ray, hence the CRT name) is fired at the screen, and it is moved left to right and top to bottom, these movements are caused by magnetic coils that bend the ray in rode to hit the correct point on the screen In America TV runs at 30 frames per second and there are 525 lines in a single frame, this means that the electron beam has to move left to right 15750 times a second. The coils also move very slightly because they are two magnets one against the other, and, 15750 hz is an audible frequency, so those coils act as small speakers and you hear that sound In Europe it’s a slightly different pitch of 15625 hz


Question: What exactly is base 8?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly is base 8?


Question: how do dolphins echolocate when there are other dolphins also doing it? (ie. Making noises that would interfere with the echos)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do dolphins echolocate when there are other dolphins also doing it? (ie. Making noises that would interfere with the echos)

As far as I know they all have unique frequencies, so they can tell when it's their own sound returning vs someone else's sound. Much like their communication sound it can be pitched and modulated, so by guess is they hear the others and modulate the sound till it comes back clean for them.


Question: Why is it that people hate waking up even after getting 7-9 hours of sleep?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that people hate waking up even after getting 7-9 hours of sleep?

It depends on what phase you wake up in during your sleep cycle. If you finish your 90 minute sleep cycle and wake up around then, even if it’s only been 3 hours, you won’t feel as tired as of you wake up in the middle of your REM cycle, even if you have already slept 7+ hours. Also some people need more sleep than others or are on a different sleep cycle (variations of naps during the day and less time at night)


Question: How are phone numbers created ad why do they need a country code? and wont we run out of phone numbers eventually? what happens then?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are phone numbers created ad why do they need a country code? and wont we run out of phone numbers eventually? what happens then?

In order to receive phone calls all the phone systems in the world needs to configure their systems to route calls to your phone number in the right direction. It is too much to expect to have all the phone systems in the world add all phone numbers in the world to their configuration. So instead we have a system where the phone systems only need to look at the first digits to know roughly in which direction it will need to route the call. The country codes are defined by the International Telecommunications Union. The country code +1 is assigned to the Federal Communications Commission but they work with similar agencies in neighboring countries. Other countries have longer country codes. The numbers are further divided into several area codes. There have actually been some cases of countries running out of phone numbers. Or more commonly they make a system of phone numbers which does not work as the population changes. The thing is that there is no limit to how long a phone number can be. Some systems have technical issues with long numbers but there are phone numbers in use today that are over 15 digits long. And the FCC have reserved several area code for various changes to the current system.


Question: Why does a dislocated shoulder never heal properly without surgery?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a dislocated shoulder never heal properly without surgery?

A dislocated shoulder can be easily fixed by certain maneuvers done by the doctor. However, sometimes when the shoulder gets dislocated, the head of the humerus gets impacted against its socket. This can indent the head of the humerus or causes damage to the socket. When these occurs, the head no longer fits perfectly on its socket, hence, causing recurrent dislocation. If you want more details on these, you can google Bankart lesion and Hill-sach’s lesion.


Question: the difference between milliamperage (mA) and kilovoltage peak (kvp) in radiology?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 the difference between milliamperage (mA) and kilovoltage peak (kvp) in radiology?

This is an ELI5 explanation, and is not sufficient for a radiology exam. The kV is the potential across the tube (from anode to cathode) in kilovolts. Voltage controls the maximum energy of the individual x-ray photons. They will be a spectrum of energies less than the peak. The mA is the current through the tube in milliamps. It, along with exposure time determines the overall dose for a given voltage.


Question: google analytics and how does using an add-on prevent it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 google analytics and how does using an add-on prevent it?

Google Analytics is a free tool used by web developers to gain information about how users interact with a website. At its default, its relatively anonymous. We can learn things like the size of device you used, how long you were on a page, what pages you went to, etc. We can also learn general information like how many people were on a website at once, or in total. This information helps developers to make a website better. But it can also be used my marketers to use information about your browsing history to make their website and advertising more enticing and attractive to convince you to buy more. You can’t just “opt out” because not every website has that capability built in. But the add on essentially blocks Google Analytics from loading so it can’t track you. On one hand, you’re protecting your own browsing and privacy so that you won’t give more information than you want to. On the other hand, you make it more difficult for developers to improve a website based on general usage behaviors. In my line of work, we use Google Analytics to improve user experience. But other companies use it to try to sell you more products.


Question: How does activated carbon work and why it's in every cleansing product now a days?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does activated carbon work and why it's in every cleansing product now a days?

Activated carbon is just regular carbon, but with a very fine poreous structure which creates a huge surface area for adsorption of all kind. It's widely used as a filtering material in chemical processes or agriculture. The sudden rise of its appearance in dermatological products is mainly a big marketing trend. Its eye-catching black appearance and its proven chemical applications make it an attractive feature in this era of cleanses and detox. It works, but so do regular soaps and facial products.


Question: what was with the weird static noise speakers made when someone called on an old phone?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 what was with the weird static noise speakers made when someone called on an old phone?

That's a side effect of some of the older cellular technologies; the towers communicated with the phones (for some protocols) on a frequency and modulation that was really good at coupling with the amplifier circuits in headphones and speakers. Basically, the speaker/headphone was becoming an unintentional antenna and "hearing" the signal from the cell tower. In the days of yore, cell phones weren't constantly talking to the cell towers beyond a simple "here I am". Modern phones are constantly exchanging data with the tower to run all your apps and data feeds in the background, but the old voice/text only phones wouldn't broadcast much until they were actually asked to do something. The interference you hear is the cell tower "yelling" at the phone to say "Hey, wake up, you have an incoming call."


Question: How are songs ranked on the Billboard top 100?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are songs ranked on the Billboard top 100?

Billboard uses a formula to calculate what songs appear on the Hot 100 (its called Hot 100, not top 100). This formula includes streaming, radio play, and digital sales, each of which is broken down further later. Each category has a weight to and its own forumula that gives a certain amount of essentially "points" in calculating where a song may fall on the chart (for example, for streaming, one categories is paid vs. free streaming, so a paid stream like Spotify Premium is worth more points than an ad supported stream like free Spotify). There's lots of more details and intricacies here, especially around streaming, but they're not too important, and billboard isn't always clear about exactly how they really do it behind the scenes (they instead give general guidelines and values), and that they do tweak it week to week, but basically, they look at lots of places songs are being played and bought, dump it all into their own formula and see what happens when its all added up. However all this said... the Billboard charts are the Billboard company's charts, they're not some officially regulated government thing or anything, they are just some company out there making music charts. They can make them say whatever they want, for whatever reason they want... and they do, they have, its not a secret. Additionally, music labels have long, like really long, been in the business of knowing how to manipulate the charts to their benefit when they so choose, they do, they have, and its not a secret. This is all known and allowed and just part of the music business.


Question: What are tax exemptions/what to "claim" on your W4?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are tax exemptions/what to "claim" on your W4?

Nominally, you pay taxes based on what you earn and your employer will take money out of each paycheck to cover your taxes. But there's all sorts of modifiers on how much you actually owe. For example, if you spend money towards your education, you don't have to pay tax on that money. If you donate money to charity, you don't have to pay tax on that money. If you have children who depend on you, you don't have to pays as much in taxes. Your W4 is used to modify how much money your employer withholds from each paycheck to send to the government. The more exemptions you claim, the less money they'll withhold. Next April, you'll gather all of your paperwork and figure out how much taxes you actually owed for the year. If your employer withheld more than you actually owed, the government sends you a check for the difference. If your employer withheld too little, you have to make up the difference. It's generally better to be accurate on your W4. As great as getting a refund is, it would be better if you just kept that money in the first place and were earning interest on it. But you also don't want to claim too many exemptions and have to write the government a surprise four or five figure check next year.


Question: Why can't we upgrade phone parts like we do with PC parts?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't we upgrade phone parts like we do with PC parts?

Same reason you can't upgrade most parts on most laptops or All In One PCs If you want things to be as compact as possible that doesn't leave much space for user serviceability and if a custom part makes your product 5% smaller that makes it significantly more appealing than a larger product using standard off the shelf components There are laptops out there with components you can swap out but they're generally extremely expensive and significantly larger/heavier than an equivalent spec model with no swapping options


Question: Humans often experience an acquired taste for beverages that they originally despised but now love, what's the reason for this?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Humans often experience an acquired taste for beverages that they originally despised but now love, what's the reason for this?

This is common with bitter food. Fermentation creates compounds which taste bitter in addition to toxic compounds. Therefore we have evolved to taste the bitter compounds and are hard wired to dislike the food because it can be toxic. However this might not be the case all the time. There are things which contain bitter chemical compounds without any toxins. This includes the products of certain bacteria and yeasts. So our instincts to dislike bitter food can be overcome if you recognize the food and have not been sick from eating or drinking it from before. This is why bitter foods is often an aquired taste.


Question: Fundamentally as an object gets farther and farther away from us, what makes it look 'smaller' in our vision?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Fundamentally as an object gets farther and farther away from us, what makes it look 'smaller' in our vision?

Geometry, our vision is effectively a cone coming out from our eyes (alternatively the light rays which could possibly hit our eyes must be within that cone). If an object has the same size but a greater distance, then it will take up a smaller angle of our vision and look smaller.


Question: Light reaching Earth comes from the past. Because this is true, does that mean that focusing a telescope on a source of light at different magnifications can give us a look at different points in the past or is what we see always constant?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Light reaching Earth comes from the past. Because this is true, does that mean that focusing a telescope on a source of light at different magnifications can give us a look at different points in the past or is what we see always constant?

Telescopes only magnify the view you would see with your naked eye. It's still the same view from the same spot on Earth. To "move in time", you would have to instantly move the telescope closer or farther to the light source. And since light moves extremely fast, you would have to move the telescope millions of kilometers instantly to have any difference.


Question: Is there light in a closed box?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is there light in a closed box?

The light would bounce around in on the walls in the box. Every time a bounce occurs, most of the light's energy is transferred to heat in the walls. And since the light moves at the speed of light, it will very quickly bounce many times, and all of its energy will be absorbed by the box in the form of heat. It will seem instantaneous to us. So there will be no light in the box.


Question: How does getting your tubes tied work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does getting your tubes tied work?

The eggs get released on schedule and you still have your period and all of that lovey mess it involves. The only difference is that the egg runs into the scar tissue/ligation point and stops. Eventually the egg just dies and is collected/reabsorbed by the body. & #x200B; As far as day to day life, as long as the ligation is done properly and there are no issues from the actual surgery, theres no different.


Question: Can a person survive a pulmonary embolism passing through their heart? Why are they so deadly for some and not others?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can a person survive a pulmonary embolism passing through their heart? Why are they so deadly for some and not others?

Sometimes they go right through into the aorta, which is really big. Sometimes, they'll take a turn and go down one of the coronary arteries - those are much smaller, and you're likely to get a clog there, and since those supply the heart muscle with oxygen, that clog is going to ruin your day.


Question: Why is comedy less funny the more you watch it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is comedy less funny the more you watch it?

Comedy is probably best defined as the juxtaposition between the expected and the actual. For example, take the simple joke: Two men walk into a bar, but neither one ducked. You expected that "bar" meant "drinking establishment" but it actually meant "metal rod". The difference between what you expected and what was true is the humor. When you rewatch specials over and over, you are _expecting_ the punchline, so the expected = the actual and we no longer have the core element of humor.