Question: In baseball, why do managers and coaches meet with pitchers but not batters?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 In baseball, why do managers and coaches meet with pitchers but not batters?

Pitchers have strategy. Batters are always trying to hit the ball, no matter how the pitcher delivers it. What would a manager say to the batter? "Hey, this time, try to hit the ball." Plus, the batter was in the dugout with the coaches just a few moments before they go to bat. Plenty of time to talk to them then.


Question: why do our muscles get sore when we get sick?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do our muscles get sore when we get sick?

When your body senses that something has gone wrong, say for example, that you fell down and cut yourself, it sends blood rushing towards the injured spot hoping to repair it. This is because in your blood, you have small units called white blood cells (WBC), which you have undoubtedly heard of before Now, the white blood cells get to the site of injury and they have multiple functions: getting rid of bacteria and helping to deal the wound One of the ways that WBCs work is by secreting a family of molecules called cytokines, which help send signals through the body to stimulate inflammation, pain, and recruitment of the repair systems in your body, since these are all defense mechanisms intrinsically programmed into you. Now, you're sick and feel awful and sore. What happened was your body, in response to the virus/bacteria/spore or whatever made you sick, pumped up WBC levels to deal with the foreign invaders What did we already say that WBCs do though? They make cytokines, which stimulate your fever and can make you feel all achy everywhere.


Question: what is happening from a cardiovascular perspective when you get in shape?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is happening from a cardiovascular perspective when you get in shape?

When you train a lot your muscles become much more efficient at producing energy and your heart adapts to higher levels of workload, making it easer for it to handle less stressful tasks. Basically any part of our body can adapt to stress as long as it is not too much to take care of in too short of a period of time.


Question: Why doesn’t light, TV, etc. flicker or get switched off and on if AC current is used for domestic purposes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why doesn’t light, TV, etc. flicker or get switched off and on if AC current is used for domestic purposes?

The outlets are charged with alternating current, but most electronic devices run on direct current. Many of these devices will have an AC Adapter for a cord, which converts the AC power to DC, or they'll just have a transformer included into the body of the device. Because the energy is converted, it doesn't create a flicker in the workings of the device.


Question: Why when someone's not listening to a conversation and their name is used, they can usually remember the two or three words that came before?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why when someone's not listening to a conversation and their name is used, they can usually remember the two or three words that came before?

Every sound reaches your ear, whether you are aware of it or not. All of it is also processed in a way such that if you hear something of interest (e.g. Your name, a loud noise, your favourite game etc.), your attention shifts there. You suddenly become aware that the background noise are spoken words and actively pay attention and listen. Additionally, our brain kind of keeps a log of the last couple of seconds. This is important for stuff like predicting where someone walks, to understand a full sentence etc. Now, since everything reaches our ears and is processed, and our brain basically keeps a log of the last couple seconds of information it got, when your attention shifts this log belonging to the conversation becomes active and the sound is identified as speech. The speech is then turned to single words and recognised. So you can hear a few words before the trigger that drew your attention. This turned out more like a ELI10-15..


Question: how does the moon affect low and hightide of the ocean which is pretty heavy but does not cause other things which are lighter to start floating?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does the moon affect low and hightide of the ocean which is pretty heavy but does not cause other things which are lighter to start floating?

Gravity pulls on all mass the same. A kilogram will experience the same force if it's the same distance away no matter what it is a part of. A quadrillion kilograms of ocean will therefore feel a quadrillion times the force that a kilogram dumbbell will feel. The moon pulls ever so slightly harder on one side of Earth than the other. It's a difference in force of (by my math) something like 0.1%. This tiny difference causes a little bit of tidal force on every atom of Earth. This is slowly causing us to spin less. Since water is free to move, that small amount of force adds up and can move huge amounts of water.


Question: How come mostly every animal in the animal kingdom as soon as its born it can walk and almost take care of itself but human babies have to be taken care of for years?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come mostly every animal in the animal kingdom as soon as its born it can walk and almost take care of itself but human babies have to be taken care of for years?

Over many generations, humans have evolved to have disproportionately larger brains than other mammals. This means they also need bigger heads for that brain to fit inside of. Bigger heads in newborns aren’t easy for mothers giving birth. The bigger the baby’s head, the more difficult the birth and the more likely that the mother and/or baby will die during labor. So, humans have evolved for babies to be born sooner, while their heads are smaller. This is why for the first couple months of a baby’s life, they don’t do anything besides sleep, eat, cry, and poop. They have no personalities, aren’t aware of much anything. They just want to be swaddled and have their basic needs taken care of. Essentially, they just want their womb environment recreated because that’s really where they should still be - if they didn’t need to be birthed earlier because of the head and brain size issue. Most other animals on the other hand, have not evolved such that a large brain is the biggest priority. Out in the wild where there are lots of predators who want to kill and eat you, being able to move from birth is more critical so that a predator doesn’t get you. Humans built shelters and other defense mechanisms like taming fire so that they had ways to protect themselves from predators besides just running away. Once these structures were in place, humans brains started growing bigger and they started being birthed earlier (over tens of thousands of years).


Question: How do the currency exchange store gain profit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do the currency exchange store gain profit?

You have 5 cookies. You want 2 muffins. Every one knows that 1 muffin = 2 cookies. I tell you that I'll trade you two muffins for 5 cookies. You tell me the muffins are worth 2 cookies. I explain the 5th cookie is the fee for trading. Essentially this means that currency exchange places are not doing the real conversion, they ask for a little more than what your desired currency is worth.


Question: If the internet is primarily dependent on cables that run through oceans connecting different countries and continents. During a war, anyone can cut off a country's access to the internet. Are there any backup or mitigant in place to avoid this? What happens if you cut the cable?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If the internet is primarily dependent on cables that run through oceans connecting different countries and continents. During a war, anyone can cut off a country's access to the internet. Are there any backup or mitigant in place to avoid this? What happens if you cut the cable?

Think of it like closing an interstate highway. If I-95 suddenly disappeared, you could still drive from Miami to New York; you'd just have to take alternative (longer) paths, and you would be further slowed by all the other cars taking that route instead of I-95. Internet routing works the same way. There are redundancies built into the system, whereby traffic will take an alternative path if its preferred route is blocked. Now if ALL the cables got cut and there were no alternative paths to take, then yes. The affected continents would be effectively cut off from each other for internet purposes.


Question: What's the difference between countable and uncountable infinity?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between countable and uncountable infinity?

That's not quite right. So one idea in mathematics is that different sets have different numbers of elements. For example, the set {1,2,3} has MORE elements than the set {3,4}. But what about sets of infinity? Well, as it turns out, some infinite sets are larger than others. As an example, let us take the set of ALL integers. This is clearly an infinite set. Now, let us compare the size of that infinity to the size of a different infinite set-- the set of all EVEN integers. Which is bigger? Well, if two sets are the same size, then it stands to reason that everything in set A should be able to be matched 1 to 1 with something in set B. So, for example, lets take every integer, our set A. Can I match every single integer with a unique even integer? As it turns out, I can. As an example -3 --- > -6 -2 --- > -4 -1 --- > -2 0 ---- > 0 1 --- > 2 2 --- > 4 3 --- > 6 As I hope you can see, EVERY element in our original set can be matched 1 to 1 with an element from my set of even integers. That means the set containing all integers is the same "size" as the set containing all even integers. These two infinities are the same size, and they are "countably infinite". A countably infinite set can be matched 1 to 1 with the infinite set of all integers. An unaccountably infinite set cannot be matched 1 to 1 with the infinite set of all integers. However, it's worth noting here that any infinite subset of the rational numbers is countably infinite. In other words, the set of ALL rational numbers (despite an infinite amount of them lying between any two integers) is ALSO countably infinite. An example of an uncountably infinite set is, for example, the real numbers.


Question: Why does blue light from a phone trick my brain into thinking it's daylight, but blue lighting in a movie or play makes it look like night time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does blue light from a phone trick my brain into thinking it's daylight, but blue lighting in a movie or play makes it look like night time?

You are confusing two different things here. The first effect is a chemical reaction that removes the sleepy drug (melatonin) from our bodies when our eyes are exposed to blue light. The second is a theatrical representation of night time that is culturally accepted as a substitution for darkness because plays and films would be pretty rubbish if you just turned off all the lights to represent a lack of light.


Question: Are gas giant planets gassy? As in could I land on a gas giant and like poke my finger through?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Are gas giant planets gassy? As in could I land on a gas giant and like poke my finger through?

Gas giants are weird. If you tried to land on a gas giant, you'll first encounter an atmosphere, similar to what you would expect on earth. It would start very very thin and becomes more substantial as you go down. As you get deeper the pressure would increase to very high levels, the temperature would rise, then the gas would turn into liquid. Unlike earth, where the transition between the atmosphere and the ground happens at a very defined point, gas giants transition smoothly. So the atmosphere would become thicker, then soupy-er, until it's basically a liquid. You would be very dead long before this point, but if you somehow continue to dive deeper, you would encounter another smooth transition, from the liquid mantle made of mostly hydrogen to the solid and rocky core. > and like poke my finger through? Not really. The atmosphere doesn't start at a set altitude. Vacuum just become less and less void as you get closer to the planet, and there is no point where the change is abrupt enough that it would feel like poking something. **************** **[edit]** Many people are asking why we can see gas giants so sharply if their atmospheres doesn't have a clearly defined boundary. This happens because the transition zone from hard vacuum to dense atmosphere, while being several hundred kilometers in height, is very small compared to the overall planet (like a fraction of a % of the radius). The decrease in pressure is also exponential, so only the very lower layers are dense enough to see. [You can actually see the fuzzyness in some close up photos.]( URL_0 ) [The same is true for earth's atmophere.]( URL_1 )


Question: Derivatives. The U.S.A has 687 trillion dollars of "currency and credit derivatives." What exactly does this mean?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Derivatives. The U.S.A has 687 trillion dollars of "currency and credit derivatives." What exactly does this mean?

It means that the current open positions in derivatives all added together amounts to 687 trillion. Derivatives are financial instruments whose value is fully based on the value of something else. Let's start off where this stuff all really started: commodities. In my example I am a pig farmer. I raise pigs. It's what I do. When the pigs are grown I want to sell them for their meat because that is how I make money. You are a hot dog maker. You take pig meat and whatever else goes into your hot dogs and you make hot dogs. You sell hot dogs for more than it costs you to make them, that's how you make money. Now we both have an inherent risk. I will have grown pigs in 3 months. I do not know what the price will be for my pigs in 3 months. It could go up. It could go down. You will need to buy pigs in 3 months to keep making hot dogs. You also don't know how much that will cost you. Maybe the price will go up? Maybe it will go down? So we make a deal today. You will buy 40K pound of pig meat from me at the end of October for (quick lookup of current price) 49.75K dollar. No matter what happens between now and then I will owe you 40K pound of pig meat then and YOU will owe me 49.75K dollar. What we've done is we've both eliminated price risk. We know in advance what we will get for/pay for that pork. Now I'm going to skip options as they won't really help in answering the questions... So now that these contracts exist where people trade commodities (also happens to oil, coffee, wheat, etc.) we want to do this efficiently so we make an exchange for it where people can indicate they want to buy or sell pigs at some point in the future and deals are made automatically. Great market efficiency! Good for all! And then some bankers notice that there is a flourishing trade of pork going on and although they do not have any swine to sell nor do they want 40K pounds of pork on their doorstep, if there is a flourishing trade market somewhere they'll want to make some money from it. So our intrepid banker at Goldman Lynch or Merryll Brothers or Lehman Stanley or Morgan Sachs or any of them thinks that pork prices will go up by the end of the October because he's heard rumours that Oktoberfest will become a hype in the USA this year and with Oktoberfest comes Bratwurst and Bratwurst is made of pork. So he goes out and buys a contract for 40K pounds of pork at the end of October. His buddy at the bank across the street thinks that NO pork prices will plummet because he's read an article in the Lancet that indicates pork is unhealthier than we thought and when this becomes public knowledge pork sales will decline and so the price will as well and he SELLS a future for 40K pounds of pork. Now at this point there are 2 open contracts for 40K pounds of pork meat at the end of October which means we have 2x49.75K dollar or just under 99.50K dollar in open pork contracts. Nevermind that only 40K pounds or 49.75K dollar worth of pork is being produced, by me. Next part in second comment I think this one will run out of words...


Question: How do we remember things and forget things?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we remember things and forget things?

I'll answer this from a neuronal perspective, since that sounds like the sort of thing you're asking. Memory is located throughout the brain, but it ultimately exists as connections between neurons. By changing the strength of connections between neurons, you can effectively strengthen or weaken memories. Memories are formed through a process called "long-term potentiation". So briefly, I'll talk about how a neuron is laid out. Take a look at [this]( URL_0 ) picture. The dendrites of a neuron are basically where it receives information. It then "transmits" this information down the axon, and the axon terminals are "synapsed" with the dendrites of another neuron. Basically, there's a tiny gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of the "downstream" neuron called the synaptic cleft. Once an electrical signal goes down the axon of the "upstream" neuron, it reaches the axon terminals. Then the axon terminals will release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, which would bind to receptors on the downstream neuron. These receptors open channels in the neuron that let ions go into the neuron, basically generating a small electric current. Once the electric current reaches a threshold, the neuron will fire. Enough background. So lets say I have two neurons, an upstream neuron and a downstream neuron. If I gently stimulate the upstream neuron, I see a small amount of current in the downstream neuron. **However**, if I strongly stimulate the upstream neuron, then wait, then gently stimulate the upstream neuron, I measure a much stronger current in the downstream neuron. In other words. if I gently stimulate a neuron a bunch of times, I keep seeing a small current. However, if I strongly stimulate a neuron, then gently stimulate it, I see **stronger** currents. If I shock the neuron again, future gentle stimulate cause even **stronger** currents. In other words, it seems that neurons become **more sensitive** if they are subjected to strong stimuli. Could it be that memories are strengthed this way? It's a pretty good idea. So how does it work? A quick background check again Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. AMPA and NMDA receptors are glutamate receptors on the dendrites of neurons. AMPA receptors are simple. When AMPA receptors bind to glutamate, they open an ion channel allowing Sodium to move into the cell, causing a slight current and making the cell more positive. NMDA receptors are a little different. When glutamate binds to NMDA receptors, they'll open, but nothing can pass through them. This is because there is a magnesium ion blocking the ion channel. However, if the cell becomes positive enough, then the magnesium ion will be released, and the ion channel will open. This would let sodiuim **and** calcium into the cell. So it's easy to see that typically, AMPA receptors open, allowing sodium into the cell, making it more positive. If enough sodium ions move into the cell, it becomes positive enough that NMDA receptors release their magnesium ions and let sodium and calcium into the cell. This works because when calcium enters the cell, it increases the **number** of AMPA receptors on the dendrite, basically making the cell more sensitive to glutamate, thus strengthening the connection.


Question: If digital money can be hidden (like in offshore accounts), how do we know it can't be digitally counterfeited?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If digital money can be hidden (like in offshore accounts), how do we know it can't be digitally counterfeited?

If you're talking about bitcoin, you've missed the mechanism. Bitcoins can't be counterfeited because there is a log of who's owned every single one since it was mined. The log can be checked by anyone, it's the opposite of "hidden". What's not disclosed in the digital money solution is which "human" owns which "wallet". Everyone agrees how many bitcoins are in each wallet, but nobody knows who owns which wallet. When you read about digital money being stolen, it's when a different human manages to claim ownership of the money in a wallet by discovering the secret cryptographic key used to prove "I own this wallet". This is different than offshore accounts, where the offshore bank knows you are the owner and won't tell your government. (By the way, there isn't as much protection here as you'd think from watching TV and movies.) With a digital wallet, nobody but you knows that you own the wallet. If you don't tell, and don't leave the key around, there is nobody who is capable of disclosing your identity. This is much better than having someone know and hoping they won't tell.


Question: When FaceTiming someone on speaker, how do they not hear themeself through the microphone from the other person?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 When FaceTiming someone on speaker, how do they not hear themeself through the microphone from the other person?

It's due to "echo cancellation". The software checks the microphone input for the same sounds going out of the speaker. If it is there, it tries to subtract it out. Good speakerphones all do this. Older (or crappier) speakerphones just cut off the mic when playing anything out of the speaker. This not only prevents echoes, but it also prevents "feedback". If you get a sound coming out of a speaker that goes into a mic then out the speaker and then in the mic and then out the speaker etc. etc, being amplified even a bit at every step, it quickly gets out of control and leads to a loud squeal coming out of the speakers as the amp circuits max out. Not nice.


Question: Why do a few gases start boiling at sub zero temperatures and then freeze at a much lower temperature?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do a few gases start boiling at sub zero temperatures and then freeze at a much lower temperature?

> but boiling means exciting the particles Boiling does not mean “exciting the particles”. Boiling is the point where the particles are too excited to stick together as a liquid and will fly around on their own as a gas. For every substance there is a range of temperatures and pressures which in combination determine what phase they are within. Increasing pressure tends to raise the temperature required to boil (pushing in from outside makes it harder for particles to fly away), and lowering pressure decreases the boiling temperature. This can be charted in something called a “phase diagram”. Sometimes for a given pressure there is no temperature where a substance is liquid. For example in normal air pressure carbon dioxide won’t be liquid, it is either solid if cold enough or a gas. This is why it is called “dry ice”, it is ice that never gets wet as it warms directly into gas (called “sublimation”). In your example hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a gas at room temperature and standard pressure. It needs to be about -85C to become a liquid, and -114C to freeze into a solid.


Question: How do epsilon delta proofs work in math?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do epsilon delta proofs work in math?

Say you own a factory that purchases x's and manufactures them into y's. The people buying your y's call one day and say "Listen, there was too much error in this last batch of y's. We need you to stay within [epsilon] of your target from now on, okay?" So you call up your supplier and say "Hey, we are trying to run a tighter ship here and the incoming x's seem to be an issue. Can you keep them within [delta] of the target from now on? Then the y's coming out should be close enough for our new expectations." An epsilon-delta proof is figuring out how much error tolerance you need to demand from your suppliers (delta), based on how much is expected of you from your buyers (epsilon). If you can come up with a rule to pick an appropriate delta for any epsilon the suppliers may throw at you, then you are in good shape. Your factory can produce arbitrarily accurate y's, given sufficient accuracy in the incoming x's. We would say your factory is continuous (at that particular x value).


Question: What is derivative in math? What are they used for in real life applications?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is derivative in math? What are they used for in real life applications?

Okay so you know when you have a linear plot, you can figure out the slope by figuring out how much y changes when x changes by a certain amount? Basically, a derivative is that, but applied to functions that are not straight lines. The idea is that you draw a line through two points of your non-linear graph and find the slope of this line. Then, you bring the two x values closer and closer together until they are right on top of each other. This gives you the slope of the line that just barely touches the graph at a single point. The purpose of this is that it tells you how that function is changing at that exact point. This is very nice, especially if you have a general expression of your derivative. Take the relationship between position and velocity for example. Say I mapped out a car's position over some amount of time and get a complicated function that definitely isn't linear. Since velocity is just how much position is changing at a given time, I can take a time derivative of the distance function and get an expression for the car's exact velocity at any given time. There are also many other applications, usually involving situations where a system changes based off of it's current state. So say instead of a car, I have a rocket ship which feels an air resistance based on its velocity. The air resistance will then try to change the velocity. I can write this down as an equation where the derivative of the velocity is related in some way to the velocity itself. This is known as a differential equation. Being able to solve these with the rules of calculus opens up a whole new world of describing and predicting reality with mathematics.


Question: if I’m already sick, can my own germs make me more sick?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 if I’m already sick, can my own germs make me more sick?

Short answer. Yes. Longer answer. You got sick because a pathogen (bad thing) got in your body and did some bad stuff. Most all your symptoms aren't from the pathogen, but your body fighting it in various ways. This does put your immune system into overdrive, so in a healthy person the chances of concurrent/back-to-back infections are lower, but it totally does happen. Most often it happens because of a disease process though. A big example is having the flu. The flu causes you to have excess mucus, stuffy nose, stuff in your throat, etc. This stuff can go down into your lungs and cause pneumonia. Similarly an ear infection can leak down into your throat and give you laryngitis, or further down an upper respiratory infection. There's also the chance of gut bacteria being killed by your body, and another one called Closteodium difficile, "C diff." Taking over. Or getting HIV which causes AIDS, which means you can more easily get infections, the cold, flu, etc. Luckily most of that won't happen over a thermometer. But better safe than sorry right?plus, you don't know what's on it right now. It could be a bacteria that can live for 2 years. Then one day out of curiosity you decide to take your temp, the bug gets in you, and BAM. Full. Blown. Zombie. Apocalypse. Sanitize all medical equipment at home and wash your hands. ;)


Question: How do blood oximeters calculate one’s blood oxygen level by just being placed on a finger for the pulse?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do blood oximeters calculate one’s blood oxygen level by just being placed on a finger for the pulse?

I'm guessing you've stuck a flashlight under your palm or your finger so you could see the other side of your hand light up bright red. Oximeters work on a similar principle. Oximeters have a light on one side and a sensor on the other. When light strikes the molecules in your blood on its way through, it passes on energy and those molecules get excited. Molecules don't like that so they expel that excess energy. Here's the cool part, that energy gets expended as light but different materials (oxygen molecule or iron molecule) get rid of that light as different colors (sort of like how fireworks get different colors by burning different materials). If we know the color of the light going into the hand and the colors going out, we can use some handy formulas to figure out what percentage of your blood has oxygen bonded to its red blood cells. Edit: I'm getting a few corrections in the comments. This is not a complete answer, it's the ELI5 to demonstrate a principle at work. Spectroscopy is awesome stuff as is optics in general. If you're interested, go study up and see all the cool stuff they're doing.


Question: How does a player piano work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a player piano work?

Player pianos are played by feeding a paper roll of "music" through the center of the piano. The roll has dashes punched out to indicate what music notes are to be played and when. As the roller pulls the paper through the piano the gaps trigger strings inside the piano to release, causing the hammer for a specific piano string to strike that string, producing sound.


Question: Why do some app’s features change depending on the device it’s used on?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some app’s features change depending on the device it’s used on?

The most common two reasons would be: 1) Phone limitation: With all phones being different, some are able to handle and display features better than others. If my phone can't show multi colours, then it doesn't matter if the app offers it, it just won't be possible. 2) Company restrictions: In a case like this, Microsoft probably acknowledges that a lot of it's users will be using iPhones, however it's preference will be towards their own customers, i.e those on PC using a Windows OS. If you're using their device, then they're happy to give you a much better product. If you are using it on a competitors device, then they will give you the basic functionality to use the product, but not as much stuff as you would if you used it on their own device.


Question: How are mathematicians and astronomers able to predict solar and lunar eclipses thousands of years in advance?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are mathematicians and astronomers able to predict solar and lunar eclipses thousands of years in advance?

Because it's simply a math problem involving physics equations. Consider a math problem from your school text book where there are a pair of train tracks leading from Chicago to St. Louis which is 250 miles away. A train leave Chicago at noon going at 50 mph while at the same time a train leaves St. Louis traveling at 75 mph. Where along the route would you need to be waiting to watch the trains cross each others path (an *eclipse*) and at what time would that happen? Solving such a problem isn't too hard, and since the planets follow a predictable path with a predictable speed too (as dictated by [Newton]( URL_0 )) you can solve for them too if you gather all the numbers about where they are and how fast they orbit.


Question: Why do some bands re-record songs for music videos when they already have a album version?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some bands re-record songs for music videos when they already have a album version?

Very often they’re actually remixes or edits. One major factor is time. On the album versions they tend to be longer, because nobody minds. There are different edits and mixes, for radio and ones for video. While less of a factor today due to much better electronics, another problem was speakers. When watching a music video, you were listening through a crappy small 2 or 3 inch speaker on the television and radios were usually tiny speakers too. To this day, you’ll find lots of different sized reference monitors in a mixing studio. I worked with a producer who insisted I run the recordings we did through a hand held radio with a 2” speaker, for these reasons. As for time issues, say the album version is 5 minutes but the video is 3.5 minutes. They might change where the guitar solo is, or use a vocal section that is more well suited to a shorter time. Rarely though is it a completely different version. Usually it’s just remixed and edited to the point is basically has become distinguishable.


Question: Why do red clothes appear gray / black underneath red lights?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do red clothes appear gray / black underneath red lights?

If the room is only illuminated by red light, bright red pigment is indistinguishable from white pigment: they’re both reflecting nearly 100% of light falling on them (all of which is red). If you have a dark red shirt that reflects 10% of red light, it will look the same as a grey shirt that reflects 10% of all light. The fact that the grey shirt is also capable of reflecting green and blue light is irrelevant because there’s no green or blue light around.


Question: How does facial identification work on I phones? I shaved my head and started to wear glasses..

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does facial identification work on I phones? I shaved my head and started to wear glasses..

Many recognition systems use reference points on your face and measure the distance between them. Tip of your nose, corners of your eyes, tops of your ears etc. If the structural dimensions of your face match up, you're in! Glasses and hair don't have an effect, cosmetic surgery or a deformative injury may.


Question: Why do some medications recommend that you take them along with or after a meal? Are there any side effects to not eating while taking them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some medications recommend that you take them along with or after a meal? Are there any side effects to not eating while taking them?

It varies by medication but for some, the meal helps absorption be getting your body headed towards digesting the food also digests the pill or medication. Other times the medication can be harsh on your body, the food dilutes it down so it's not as harsh. Some medications can also risk causing ulcers and stuff, so food helps like the stomach to prevent it. Severity and necessity can vary. I don't think you'd die from it but I'm no doctor. I'd suggest trusting your pharmacist/doctor over Internet strangers.


Question: How does Tourette Syndrome cause such specific tics?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Tourette Syndrome cause such specific tics?

The "cursing" tics don't just cause cursing. They are described more broadly as "vocal" tics, which can be any word or sound. To be diagnosed with Tourette, you have to have both motor and vocal tics, but most people with the disorder don't curse. This is just the form of tic that you hear about most, because it's the most bizarre. Both motor and vocal tics originate in the brain, not the nerves. They're due to a failure of the brain's inhibitory systems. The person feels an overwhelming urge to perform the tic, feels a little temporary relief from doing it, but then feels impelled to do it again, or a different one. I think of it like needing to scratch an itch, swallow spit, clear your throat, sniffle, yawn, or maybe even blink. They are under somewhat voluntary control, but only for a brief time before you feel you really have to do them.


Question: What's actually happening in your head when you have a headache?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's actually happening in your head when you have a headache?

Ok. The actual answer is, "We don't know. It's still one of those mysteries." There are ideas on what might be happening. It may be pain from muscles in the shoulders, neck and head. It may be caused by dilating blood vessels in the head. It may be caused by the membrane around the brain becoming sensitive to pain. Nerves in the face may just start signalling pain for no good reason. In a migraine the headache may be caused by overacting brain cells causing the release of serotonin and/or estrogen which causes blood vessels to constrict. I don't think it's entirely sure how this would cause a headache in a migraine sufferer but would explain why more females get migraines than males.


Question: Why is it that from whatever angle you look at the eyes of someone/something in a picture they're always looking back at you?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that from whatever angle you look at the eyes of someone/something in a picture they're always looking back at you?

A 2D image has only one perspective. If it's a painting of the front of something, you can't see the back by looking at it from a different angle. If the eyes are looking into the "camera," then you always see the perspective of the eyes looking at you, no matter what angle you view it from. This isn't anything special about eyes, except that we do instinctively pay close attention to where people are looking, so it's a more noticeable effect.


Question: Why does buying power seemingly not correlate with how people feel about the economy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does buying power seemingly not correlate with how people feel about the economy?

That's interesting. Looking at data from [median **household** income]( URL_1 ) and [median **household** income adjusted for inflation]( URL_3 ) gives a couple more datapoints. The 1967 household median was $7,142.97, about 290% of the per-capita median. The 2016 household median ($59039) was only 190% of the per-capita median ($31099). So bills at the household level are therefore significantly harder to afford than they were then. A couple of facts to consider there are that average population per household only dropped very slightly on average (from 2.19 to 2.02) [source]( URL_2 ). Meanwhile the percentage of women in the workforce increased from 41.1% to 56.8% [source]( URL_6 ). From that significant increase, we'd expect the ratio of household to per-capita to be significantly *higher* than it was then, not significantly lower. That would seem to indicate that even with more people working, fewer people in the household, and higher per-capita #s, wages haven't kept up such that it's harder for a median household to pay bills. But to your point of why does the economy look relatively bad if the raw inflation-adjusted numbers look higher, let's consider what those numbers measure and how they've played out. Not everything inflates at the same rate. As you can see [here]( URL_5 ), [here]( URL_4 ), and [here]( URL_0 ) there are some really big discrepancies. So sure, durable/one-time consumer purchases like big screen TVs or maybe a pair of pants are dramatically cheaper. But the major ongoing household expenses (housing, utilities, healthcare, and education) greatly exceed the inflation rate.


Question: When light is reflected, how doesn't its velocity ever 0?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 When light is reflected, how doesn't its velocity ever 0?

What you perceive as reflection (macroscopically) is actually the absorption and immediate re-emission of light by the electrons that make up the molecules and atoms of a substance (microscopically). The original light ends on an electron, and new light is created by the electron. There is no deceleration or change in speed of the light. It (the photon) merely ceases to exist. All light begins and ends on a charged particle (typically electrons).


Question: How do predators like lions and tigers become pets for humans? How come they don't just kill the humans?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do predators like lions and tigers become pets for humans? How come they don't just kill the humans?

They're predators, not murderers. Keep them well fed and cared for, they *generally* won't have any reason to attack you. Animals typically don't kill for pleasure, especially not the person who keeps bringing them thick steaks every day. That being said, they still do attack their owners time to time. Sometimes it just happens. Dogs and cats still attack their owners. Hell, even let hamsters will bite you if you're not careful.


Question: Is it better physically and emotionally to lash out in anger or to hold anger in?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is it better physically and emotionally to lash out in anger or to hold anger in?

Lashing out in anger does make the anger go away, but to the detriment of whoever you are lashing out at. And, worse, lashing out in anger can train you to always lash out in anger - getting physical or loud becomes _the way_ that you deal with anger Holding in the anger could potentially be detrimental to your mental health, though it won't have a direct physical effect, but its better than releasing that anger at someone else The best thing to do is think about why you react so strongly to whatever has made you angry. I used to get angry and, while I was never physically violent towards a person, I'd punch inanimate objects to relieve that frustration. But that was just an easy way out I had to sit down and figure out why I got so angry. Once I had, I was able to resolve my emotional issues and now, while I still get annoyed by things and become angry, the anger fades quickly because I recognise the true source of it. I'm generally a lot happier now, as are the people around me - because I don't freak them out with violence


Question: what happens during a detonation of a nuclear bomb and how is the mushroom head formed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 what happens during a detonation of a nuclear bomb and how is the mushroom head formed?

Traditional explosions that are powerful enough will create mushroom clouds! You can see this effect most distinctly in ground level footage of aircraft dropped bombs. (Edit: the first few seconds of this video show an aircraft dropped bomb and a mushroom cloud URL_0 ) The effects is because in an explosion the air is first pushed outward quickly. After a moment the void created then quickly fills back up as air rushes into the low pressure area. Nuclear bombs are most known for this because their shear size makes it easier to see this effect. If you look at nuclear test footage of dummy houses you can see what I’m talking about with the two distinct waves of air.


Question: How are animation movies (Pixar, etc.) made?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are animation movies (Pixar, etc.) made?

The old style of animated movies was to hand paint the backgrounds, and overlay the characters on semi-transparent sheets. That would allow them to use the same background for many frames, and only have to change the characters. Toy Story (which came out in the 90's) was the first feature length movie to be entirely animated on computers. Toy Story uses 100% computer generated graphics. In the 90's and 2000's it wasn't unheard of for animated movies to blend techniques, doing some hand-drawn frames and some computer animation. Nowadays pretty much all animated movies and shows are done on computers, even the ones that look hand drawn.


Question: Why haven't Saturn's rings coalesced into much larger moons?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why haven't Saturn's rings coalesced into much larger moons?

Basically, the junk that makes up Saturn's rings are too close to Saturn. They do occasionally clump together and start forming masses, but the gravitational forces exerted by Saturn are too strong where they are, and the clumps of dirt are squished and stretched until they fall apart. We actually even see that the rings furthest from Saturn do have larger and larger clumps. But none of them are far enough away to form anything big enough to be a natural satellite (moon). Here's a link to a not-so-great Wikipedia article. It is called the [Roche Limit] ( URL_0 ).


Question: How are people able to walk again after being paralyzed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are people able to walk again after being paralyzed?

I can only explain a little bit. Its going to depend on why there is paralysis. As far as strokes In my case I had a stroke in my left carotide artery. I got a tissue blockage and blood was not able to get to part of my brain. Starved for oxygen that part of my brain just stopped working. Because of this I had paralysis in my right side, IN MY CASE the blood vessels in other parts of my brain began compensating and pushing blood to that part of my brain with in a few hours this is unbelievably rare. In similar cases they are able to get the clot (if that is it cause) can be "busted" with a thrombolytic, returning blood flow to the area and regaining use of the effected limb/s. This must be done quickly, within hours hopefully min. Depending on severity of damage done to the brain lots of physical therapy can help regain mobility. Someone who knows neuro can help explain this part better than me.


Question: Why shaking my head left and right , remove or lower feeling of dizziness ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why shaking my head left and right , remove or lower feeling of dizziness ?

Your inner ear has water in it. If you are dizzy it's because the water is moving and you are not. When that is happening shaking your head to and fro ends up moving the water against its current flow. Since the water inside your inner ear is moving less than before, you become less dizzy.


Question: How do erasable pens work? And why is the ink usually lighter than conventional ball and gel pens?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do erasable pens work? And why is the ink usually lighter than conventional ball and gel pens?

The ink is actually temperature sensitive, when it gets heated up, it becomes white, so when you erase, the friction from the eraser heats the paper and it becomes white This is also why it looks lighter, because it has to turn white Interestingly enough, if you put it in the freezer the ink that has been erased will come back


Question: Why is it that nail polish stays liquid in the bottle, but dries in minutes after it’s applied to the nail?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that nail polish stays liquid in the bottle, but dries in minutes after it’s applied to the nail?

Nail polish is a pigment - the color - dissolved or suspended in a liquid - the solvent. It dries out when the solvent evaporates - boils off - leaving the pigment behind. When it's in the bottle there's not much of a surface for the solvent to evaporate from, because most of it is well under the surface. And if some does try to evaporate, it's stopped by pressure building up from other solvent that already evaporated into the closed bottle, pushing down on it. When you put it on your nail, there's a thin film of liquid+pigment and it's all exposed closely to the air, with nothing to stop it from evaporating, so the solvent does evaporate quickly leaving the pigment behind, and it's dry.


Question: Before there were search engines like Google, how did we request files from the world wide web?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Before there were search engines like Google, how did we request files from the world wide web?

The same technology for requesting a file is still used today. Google and search engines before it just made *finding* the site you want possible. In order to visit any website you just typed out the full URL. How did you know the URL? It would be written somewhere such as an ad. Of course once you have the URL you can also keep it bookmarked. Alternatively, the web had web directories - websites that simply had lists of other websites, divided into categories. You usually set up the directory as your starting URL and went on from there. For example, [this]( URL_0 ) is what Yahoo looked like back in 1996.


Question: Why do rollercoasters/fast rides make people vomit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do rollercoasters/fast rides make people vomit?

Motion sickness is caused by your eyes and your ears disagreeing about your position and movement. You use both of them to find the horizon and orient yourself, to know if you're right side up or not, to know the slope of the ground, to know if you're moving or not. When your eyes and ears disagree, you get nauseous. This is a survival mechanism, because very often in nature poisons will affect your inner ear or your vision. Being nauseous is a good way to teach you not to eat that thing, and if it's really bad you will throw up which will get rid of any more of the poisonous thing left in your stomach, hopefully before you absorbed too much of the poison. Roller coasters really mess with your inner ear. There are little tubes with fluid in them that settle down towards the center of gravity of the Earth. The acceleration of the roller coaster up and down and around corners and around loops spins and swirls that fluid around in your ears, causing them to send false, confusing signals about which direction the ground is in. That alone might be enough to make you nauseous, since your ears aren't supposed to be that confused. But all those confused signals *definitely* conflict with what your eyes are telling you about your motion and where the ground is. Those conflicting signals trick your brain into thinking you've been poisoned, so it does what it evolved to do and makes you feel nauseous so you'll puke up the poison it thinks is in you.