Question: What lung disease has been linked to vaping and is it serious?

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 What lung disease has been linked to vaping and is it serious?

peunomia an irritation of or blocking of the small (tiny small) lung structures (look like trees/lightning) that allow oxygen to pass. Basically it inhibits your ability to take oxygen as you breath and can be quite serious. If you inhale anything foreign there's a small risk of that but whilst people talk about pop corn lung - there's never been a case of it. More probable is lipid peunomia where lipid = tiny small oil droplets are suspend in vapour, which bind/block the tree things and you lungs have a very hard time shifting it. I think the recent cases are people vaping bootleg/black market THC oil laced carts which is a really really bad idea (a popper lab made liquid will use a chemically extracted THC suspended in PG/VG or alcohol - not oil) . It might also be some random chemical introduced by bath tub/kitchen liquid makers. We has a few issues many moons ago with DIY folks using essential oils as flavourings especially orange irrc? Do that you're going to have a bad time eventually. Edit: need to add for clarity - whilst 95% safer there's always a risk with breathing in something foreign plus some unlucky people can be allergic to either base product or any chemical used as a flavouring. Hey pollution from vehicles apparently takes 5-10 years off your life and a London underground tube journey of 30 mins is apparently the equivalent of smoking 2 cigarettes. So everything kills you by small degrees.


Question: Why do onions irritate your eyes?

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 Why do onions irritate your eyes?

Its a defense mechanism. When its cells are destroyed it releases enzymes that break down amino acids. Its a chain reaction that creates organic compounds that contain sulfur, which smells bad and stimulates nerves in your eyes which causes them to sting. This stops most animals from trying to eat them. The onion may be destroyed but the plant is left relatively unharmed. Soon, animals stop trying. Humans are not deterred by such defenses though, and cooking them stops this chain reaction completely.


Question: How does the birthday paradox work?

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 How does the birthday paradox work?

So. Let's talk about probability for a second. We're trying to calculate the probability that at least two people in a room share a birthday. At first glance, it looks like a problem that's hard to even state in words, let alone compute. But one of the fun things about probability is that you can solve a complex probability question P(A) by instead solving its *complement,* P(A') -- its opposite. In this case, our P(A), what we want to find out, is the probability that at least two people in the room share a birthday. Its opposite is "The probability that *nobody in the room* shares a birthday." This is our P(A'), and it's *much* easier to solve -- either nobody shares a birthday, or at least two people do. For two people, the probability that they do not share a birthday is given by: P(A') = 365/365 * 364/365 This is because the second person can have any birthday that isn't the first person's. Adding a third person gives us P(A') = 365/365 * 364/365 * 363/365 and so on. It turns out that, after adding the 23^rd person, P(A') becomes about 49.27%. Because this is the opposite of what we want to solve, subtract it from 1: P(A) = 1 - P(A') P(A) = 1 - .4927, ∴ P(A) = .5073 From there, we conclude that if you have 23 people in the room, the odds that at least two of them share a birthday is just over 50%.


Question: Why is it so difficult to run a real-time render on a computer but we have 3D video games run in real-time with ease?

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 Why is it so difficult to run a real-time render on a computer but we have 3D video games run in real-time with ease?

The next time you play a video game, take a good bit of time to actually *watch* that real time rendering. Sure, it looks pretty good, but it's taking a *lot* of short-cuts. Light is either pre-baked or extremely simplified. Fabrics look almost like someone is yanking on them. grasses or hairs tend to move as a mass instead of individual entities. Any shortcut that the game can take is taken to save on processing time. When the goal is to make *everything* move realistically, down to the strands of hair and blades of grass, that takes a lot more time than just approximating what the concept of hair will do under a given situation.


Question: What's the difference between a Neoliberal and a Leftist?

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 What's the difference between a Neoliberal and a Leftist?

Neo-liberalism is the opposite of leftism. A neoliberal is someone who believes in free market capitalism, deregulation, privatisation, and and reduction in government spending. They are conservatives in the “Reagan Republican” mold. Leftists are less well defined as a specific ideology, but the “direction” tends toward more socialist forms of government. They are, in many ways, the opposite of neoliberals. Recently, some people have tried using neoliberal as a “liberal” counterpart to the term neoconservative, which arose as a global interventionist ideology, but it doesn’t have a good definition as to what it’s supposed to mean in that sense, and trying to use it that way runs counter to how the term has been applied for decades.


Question: how can sata drives contain tbs of data, but a CD can only hold a little less than 5 gb?

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 how can sata drives contain tbs of data, but a CD can only hold a little less than 5 gb?

The CD is limited by the width of the data path, and it's not 5gb. A DVD can hold 5gb, while a CD can only hold less than 1gb. A CD or DVD uses little tiny pits in the surface to store data. The laser reader reads those little bumps and holes as bits of data, either a one or a zero. That laser has a width, as does the pit in the surface of the CD. The manufacturing process for SSD drives has gotten so precise that they can cram an enormous amount of transistors into a very small area, which allows a very high data density. Hard disk technology, if that's what you're talking about, has advanced as well, to the point that the platter of a hard disk can hold terabytes of data.


Question: Why do we have dominant sides?

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 Why do we have dominant sides?

Fine motor control actually requires a great deal of brainpower. To write with a pen, for example, your brain needs to know the position of every joint in the arm, how much pressure different parts of the hand and finger are feeling, and also conduct a veritable symphony of motor neurons to move muscles *just so* in response to all of this sensory information, *in real time, continuously.* Not to mention processing language, etc. Our brains are also really really good at paying attention to one thing at once, but not so great at handling many things at once. Add to that the fact that fine motor tasks like throwing a rock or writing a letter only *need* one hand, and you have a trifecta of reasons for performing many tasks with one hand or the other. **But why are people generally left or right handed?** Well, that comes down to the way the brain lets us learn things, and how specific parts of our body are associated with specific parts of the brain. When we learn something, or practice a skill, or begin to notice that a ringing bell means food, neurons in our brains reinforce specific connections to other neurons, forming regular pathways. The more your brain does something, the easier and more likely it is to do the same thing again, in the same way. This makes it easier and faster to learn new motor skills by adding them to existing, well-established neural pathways, and so learning to do most things with one hand is significantly easier than it is do with both or either hand.


Question: if the Grand Canyon was created by water erosion from the Colorado river, then how come there isn't grand Grand Canyons around all or most major rivers?

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 if the Grand Canyon was created by water erosion from the Colorado river, then how come there isn't grand Grand Canyons around all or most major rivers?

Nobody has yet given you the most important reason: **uplift**. Yes, softish sedimentary rock is important, but if the whole region is not being uplifted by tectonic forces (even far away from plate boundaries, bits of continents can get squished, bent, stretched, fractured, uplifted or depressed), then any rivers flowing through the area will not be cutting down too far before they reach gravitational equilibrium, ie. before they run out of energy to incise into the rock beneath them. If an area is continually uplifted for a few million years (as much of the American west was), then any rivers are constantly being moved higher than the sea level, so will continue to cut into the rock until they get back to sea level. This has resulted in the deep open canyons to be found all over states like Arizona, Colorado and Utah, especially our friend the most Grandest of Canyons. Canyons can exist without consistent uplift or a permanent river, but soft rock and water in the form of flash flooding is still required and you end up with slot canyons, like [this]( URL_0 ) or [this.]( URL_1 )


Question: How does spreadable butter work? Like what makes it spreadable?

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 How does spreadable butter work? Like what makes it spreadable?

They add oil to it to make it spreadable. Other than that it's just regular butter. The oil adds fat though so technically it's not as healthy as regular cubed hard butter. But hard butter you have to either let sit out until it softens to use easily, or just deal with it being hard.


Question: Why is there historically so much people in what is now China and India?

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 Why is there historically so much people in what is now China and India?

A bunch of reasons! If you're looking at the modern day nations, geographical size is a big one -- if you're a nation that takes over a decent chunk of real estate, you're obviously likely to claim more people within your borders than somewhere like Liechtenstein, where there's minimal land -- but you're right in saying that the bigger question is why that land supports so many more people than you might otherwise expect. The most obvious one is the fact that India and China are uniquely suited for food production. They have access to river valleys -- great for growing food -- but also great for growing a particular *kind* of food. Rice is much more efficient as a food source than wheat is; you can get about 11 million calories out of an acre of ricefields, compared to only about 4 million calories out an acre of wheatfields, as was commonly used in Europe. (You can get [15 million calories out of an acre of cornfields]( URL_0 ), which might have given the Americas the edge if a) they'd farmed as aggressively as their Chinese and Indian counterparts, and b) the aggressive domestication of corn had hit early. As it is, rice took the lead.) Rice is also native to the region, and the fact that you can flood rice fields as a natural insecticide without killing the rice means that you've basically got a leg-up on getting rid of pests that other crops don't have. More food pretty much always means more people. More space means more places for these people to live, which means more access to farmland, which means more food, which means more people, which means outward expansion, and... well, you can extrapolate from there. That was great until about 1700, when populations all over the planet began to boom. Agricultural methods got much better thanks to industrialisation, and understanding of public health meant that fewer people died. The fun thing about sexual reproduction -- well, *one* of the fun things about sexual reproduction -- is that if you start with a big population, you're going to get a much bigger population very quickly. Even if your population doubles at the same rate if you have a ten million or ten thousand people, you're going to add a *lot* more mouths to feed in the first situation -- and hands to work the field.


Question: why are the 4 inner planets in the solar system are so much smaller than the 4 outer planets?

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 why are the 4 inner planets in the solar system are so much smaller than the 4 outer planets?

Basically it was a combination of two things. In the early years of our solar system you could think of it as a giant cloud of hot dust and gas spinning very fast. As the solar system spun, lighter elements such as the gasses were pushed outwards to the edge of the solar system and heavier elements like metals were not pushed as far. Think of how when you spin a ball on a string and if you let go it will fly away. Same concept. In addition to this the sun helped push these elements as well throguh what's called solar wind. This is basically the light from the sun impacting the elements and pushing them. This act the same way, pushing lighter elements more than heavier elements. After the universe was separated like this, dust and gas started to coalesce into larger and larger bodies until we got the planet we know today with mostly gas in the outer region and mostly rocks in the inner region.


Question: how are the ears related to balance?

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 how are the ears related to balance?

Inside the ear are three fluid filled rings, one ring is flat like a floor, the 2nd is straight up and down, and the 3rd is on an angle between the first two. The rings are filled with a fluid and lined with tiny hairs. As you move around the fluid swishes in the rings and moves the hairs, like grass in the wind, which send "I'm Moving!" signals to the brain. The brain uses those signals, along with input from the eyes, to compile the sensation we call "Balance". Problems can arise when the hair-moving signals don't line up with our eye signals, for example if we spin around in a circle a lot and then stop moving. Our eyes say we're standing still but the fluid is still spinning in our ears which confuses our brains and make us dizzy.


Question: How does dental UV lights work on fillings? What makes it cures so fast?

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 How does dental UV lights work on fillings? What makes it cures so fast?

Actually it is intense blue visible light, not UV light that they use for curing. As for how it works: The material that is used for fillings is a resin based composite that is specially designed for that exact purpose. Resin is a polymer that looks similar in color to teeth and has physical properties that are desirable to be a replacement for a gap in a tooth, like its strength, durability, heat resistance, etc. Different polymers had been used in the past but they were much more difficult because polymerization (the polymer hardening from liquid to solid) would begin about 30 seconds after the components were mixed together, leaving dentists with very little room for error. This led to the use of photoinitiators for resin fillings. By using a photoinitiator, polymerization would not begin until a specific wavelength of light (visible blue in this case) introduced its energy to the mix. The actual science behind photoinitiators is a little beyond what I'm comfortable explaining so I'll leave you to research them yourself. But them being in the resin allows the dentist all the time they could want because the liquid won't polymerize until the light is introduced, and once the light energy is given the reaction occurs quickly and irreversibly. This gives them more control and precision.


Question: Why would a college give a student a full ride? What's the incentive!

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 Why would a college give a student a full ride? What's the incentive!

Because giving free education/training to promising/impressive students leads to powerful graduates and professionals that make your college look good and give your accreditation and reputation among the academic and professional community a boost. Then you get government funding for stuff because you churn out good, knowledgeable workers. It’s investment. Your college gets more money if they produce more successful students. Students then want to enroll in your college because of its reputation. The circle of capitalism.


Question: why do people see double when they are drunk?

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 why do people see double when they are drunk?

If you have 2 working eyes, you are always seeing double, in a way. Hold a fingertip up in front of your face, and look straight at it, focusing on it. While you're doing that, notice how the more distant background seems to split into doubles. Now, look at some far-off object in the distance, and notice how your finger seems to have doubled! Your brain is good at merging the 2 images from your 2 eyes, into one unified visual impression, and it partly achieves this by carefully managing your eyes' rotation so that whatever you're looking at, is perfectly centered in each eye. When you're drunk, that ability is diminished. Double vision will probably happen whenever your eyes are not both pointing straight at the same spot. If you're getting disoriented by it, the easiest thing is to just shut one eye and try to focus on it with the other. [Here's another]( URL_0 ) version of the same trick.


Question: If batteries work off chemical reactions and people might put batteries in a fridge to slow down that reacion and make them last longer, how come a car battery might drain because of the cold in winter?

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</answer>
 If batteries work off chemical reactions and people might put batteries in a fridge to slow down that reacion and make them last longer, how come a car battery might drain because of the cold in winter?

Car batteries are composed by six cells, which are split into two half-cells. Every half-cell contains a positive plate (a strate of active lead) and a negative plate (a strate of lead dioxide), which are immersed into an electrolytic solution of sulfuric acid and water (25 volumes of sulfuric acid and 75 volumes of distilled water). The acid interacts with the two plats, causing the movements of electron from the negative to the positive pole and producing electricity. During this process, the volume of water is electronically relieved, so the movement of atomic particles into the water decreases and so water become more susceptible to freezing. The freezing of water cause a 10% expansion in terms of volume, so plates are less free to react with acid. Also plates could touch each others, causing a short circuit


Question: Why do studies like Physics and Chemistry prefer significant figures over higher decimal accuracy?

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 Why do studies like Physics and Chemistry prefer significant figures over higher decimal accuracy?

Because more digits doesn't mean more accuracy. If I measure that I traveled 1 meter in 3 seconds and I want to calculate my average speed, I will get 0.3333... meters/second. There are an infinite amount of digits in that number, ergo I measured this with infinite accuracy? No. Not at all. Significant figures is basically embedding additional information into the result with respect to the precision of the instruments used to take the measurement. If my length measuring device measures to the nearest tenth of a meter and my time-keeping device measures to the nearest tenth of a second, then my resulting answer will reflect that: 1.0 / 3.0 = 0.3 Because those are the only digits I can be sure about. Based on the precision of my instruments, I have no way of knowing if my distance traveled was actually 1.00 or 1.09 or if the time elapsed was 3.00 or 3.09 and those can give a variety of difference average speeds from 0.3236... to 0.363333.... The only digit common among them is 0.3 and the only digit that should be reflected in the answer.


Question: How do countries check the licence plates of foreign vehicles?

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 How do countries check the licence plates of foreign vehicles?

in europe, if a foreign car goes too fast and is photographed, there are two possibilities: (a) it is not possible to sue the person, but they are stored in the system, and in case they are coming back and are controled, they will have to pay. (b) there are bilateral treaties for "helping" each other. thus, one country sends the information to the other country's police, and they will retrieve the fine for them. there is NO sharing of personal data across borders. after all, a state has to protect its citizens from outside forces. there are more problems, e.g.: in austria, the car is photographed from behind, and in germany, it must be photographed from in front (with the face of the driver on the photo; in austria they may first have to find out who drove the car). that's why nowadays there are sometimes two cameras, one from behind for austrian offenders, one from in front in case germans are passing by.


Question: How can dust float in the air? Surely the dust particles are heavier than air, so they should sink.

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 How can dust float in the air? Surely the dust particles are heavier than air, so they should sink.

Because there is wind! The dust rides this wind like a paper airplane, except it doesn't need nearly as strong of a wind to stay up for a long time. Imagine the game I am sure you have played with a balloon and keeping it from touching the floor. The dust is the balloon, and the wind is the people kicking/hitting the balloon to keep it up. Except this happens at really tiny sizes. Because we are huge to the dust, we don't feel this "punching" from the wind, but the dust most certainly still does.


Question: 0% matter and does it exist?

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 0% matter and does it exist?

In an absolute vacuum (which is a purely hypothetical thing for various reasons), particle/anti-particle pairs are spontaneously created and then annihilate one another due to complicated quantum voodoo. So even if a bit of space is completely empty, things keep appearing and disappearing in it. Regarding temperature, it wouldn't have one. Temperature is a measure of the average energy of the particles in a substance. If there are no particles, there can be no measurement of their energy. If you poked your finger in, it would not feel especially cold as there is nothing to conduct heat away, though the low (zero) pressure would force water to evaporate from your skin, creating a cooling effect.


Question: Why is it children’s shampoo is “tear free” while regular shampoo burns like all hell in the eyes?

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 Why is it children’s shampoo is “tear free” while regular shampoo burns like all hell in the eyes?

Soap is a chemical with a long, and kind of clever, molecule. One end of the molecule attracts water. The other end attracts dirt, particularly oily dirt. So when you wash stuff, the oily-liking end sticks in the oily dirt and the other end gets stuck in water... and so the oily dirt gets pulled away from what you are cleaning when the water-liking end gets pulled away through scrubbing or swirling water around. So put some soap on your greasy hands, and scrub a bit, and all the greasy stuff gets lifted away. Now there are different levels of soap out there. The CLEANING 100 soap doesn't care about gentle, it just sucks dirt up like crazy at the expense of wimpy stuff like moisture and balance. The weaker soap works, but not quite so well, but at least it doesn't damage your skin or eyes, or dry out stuff in the process. So stronger soap chemicals are great for super greasy dirt, but the trade-off is they cause your eyes to sting when it hits them because your eyes are sensitive to super-effective soaps. But other soap chemicals don't cause your eyes to sting because they're not QUITE so good at sticking to oily dirt at one end, so they're not quite so good at cleaning or wrecking the careful balance of chemistry that keeps your eyes moist and in good shape. So we have a trade-off: oily dirt removal? Or no irritation to the eyes? Which one you want goes to which "soap" you use in your shampoo. And baby shampoo uses the second one even if it doesn't clean as good as the first, because babies generally don't stand underneath leaky car oilpans or go swimming in cold deep fryers unless you're a really bad parent. \*\*EDIT: Thank you all for the mega-gilding. I shall hammer them together into a scrub brush handle so I can finally get that out-of-reach spot on my back whilst I pamper myself in long hot gentle-and-not-irritating-soapy showers. You all rock.


Question: How does 3D modeling work in video games?

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 How does 3D modeling work in video games?

You could use the same model in all of those cases. But for performance reasons most games don't. It doesn't matter what angle you're looking at the character. That's the point of 3D models, you can look at them from any angle. Unlike 2D sprites where you needed separate images for different angles. But there's not much point in using a highly detailed model when it's too far away to see that detail. So games usually use a model with a lower Level Of Detail (aka LOD), which gets switched out for one with more detail when you get closer. In some games you can see that happening if you look closely enough when moving towards something. They might do a similar thing for cutscenes, where a model with higher detail is used for cutscenes particularly when there's a close up of the face.


Question: Why does turning airplane mode on and then off sometime fix my internet issues for a very short period?

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 Why does turning airplane mode on and then off sometime fix my internet issues for a very short period?

Possible explanation: When your cell phone connects to a cell tower, it remembers the last one it successfully connected to. That doesn’t necessarily mean the one your phone is connected to is the closest / best connection available. When you cycle through airplane mode, your phone forgets what tower it’s connected to, so it starts looking for one all over again. It’s the same process of how “turn it off and on again” can solve so many router issues. This might solve any hangups that might be caused by that tower. Now why your internet goes back out after 1 min? Not sure about that, get a tech to check out your device. Helpful note: you can switch on a secret mode for both Apple and android to display your current signal strength. Google “how to measure signal strength for phone”


Question: How is the temperature below absolute zero possible?

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 How is the temperature below absolute zero possible?

What does absolute zero really mean? --- The belief that 0K impies that all motion stopps is a popular misconception. Quantum mechanics tells us that bound particles cannot have an arbitrary amount of energy. Instead, they can only hop between energy levels. And the lowest of these energy levels is still not 0J. Thus, a bound particle must always have motion energy. What absolute zero really means, is that all particles are in this lowest energy state, which is called ground state. And Heisenberg's uncertainty principle tells us that this is impossible. What is a negative temperature? --- Negatve temperatures are not, in fact, colder than 0K. In a sense, all negative temperatures are even hotter than all positive temperatures. So.... how can the temperature of a system be negative? This is a consequence of the "proper" definition of temperature: **1/T=( & delta; S/ & delta; U)*_V,N_*.** Here, S is entropy, U is internal energy, V is Volume and N is the number of particles. What this equation says in words is, that 1/T (the inverse of temperature) is equal to the change in entropy over a variation of internal energy when volume and particle number are constant. Thus, **if the entropy of a system decreases as it gains internal energy its temperature will become negative.** This can only happen in very peculiar cases, as an increase in internal energy usually leads to an increase in entropy, but it is possible. Since those systems are kind of weird, they are not very stable. When a system of negative temperature comes in thermal contact with a "normal" system of positive temperature, the negative temperature system will lose energy to the normal system, because ubstable systems want to become stable if they can. That is why I said negative temperature systems are hotter than positive temperature systems: a system A is hotter than a system B, if A will lose thermal energy to B when they come into thermal contact. Which is exactly what happens here.


Question: How could a propane tank ignite the gas without using the starter?

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 How could a propane tank ignite the gas without using the starter?

I think it's most likely that the starter in your torch discharged without you noticing it. Those starters are usually based on a [piezoelectric crystal]( URL_0 ) which produces a voltage when under mechanical stress. Usually that mechanical stress is provided by the springloaded clicky pushbutton mechanism, but it can also come from other causes, like warping or twisting of the mechanism housing, etc. I would bet that, as you were opening the valve, something or other was disturbing the crystal enough for it to push a voltage and cause an arc.


Question: - what is our brain doing when we “paint a picture in our head”..?

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 - what is our brain doing when we “paint a picture in our head”..?

I don't have a scientific explanation, but I did major in Art for a long time and I'll give you the artist's view. When you visualize an image your brain draws on a few basic images you've seen related to what you're imagining, it then composites them into a single mental image made up of a series of mental reference points. Imagine a landscape of some mountains, white capped like Fuji or St Helens, there's a base. Now add trees to the base of the mountain, you probably don't know what the trees around this mountain look like exactly so your brain will do its best to fill in the gaps. Now a lake in front of the trees, maybe it's big or just a small pond, now make the lake reflect the mountain. This is what your brain does near instantly when you imagine an image, it grabs a mish mash of memories and pushes them together in an approximation of what you want to see.


Question: How exactly does drafting in automobile sports such as Formula 1 work ?

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 How exactly does drafting in automobile sports such as Formula 1 work ?

A car's "slipstream" is the volume of air that gets dragged along behind it when it's moving. In this volume, the effect of air resistance is markedly lower, meaning that another car following behind gets to save power while maintaining speed, meaning it doesn't have to use as much fuel. It also lets a following car build speed before attempting to overtake the car it's following behind.


Question: How Does Flight Pricing and Fluctuations Work?

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 How Does Flight Pricing and Fluctuations Work?

People here are mostly wrong. Flight pricing is pretty insane. Airlines are *extremely* competitive on price and fluctuate their prices of each seat and route continuously, not just day by day, like nonstop. They have automated algorithims that take into account what seats are left, what class and so on. They also look at every other flight they have and every other flight every other airline has, on every route, and they try to make an "optimal" price point for their ticket to meet some goal they have--which may not be "highest profit". They may be even cutting prices (to take away from other airlines) or raising them if few seats are available, or lowering them if they would to avoid risk and sell the flight. Or any number of changes to make it how they want to position their pricing structure. And for complicated reasons, usually a flight wants to be slightly overfilled with passengers. That is position it so that you sell just a few more tickets than you have space, as some people will cancel or change flights or not make it-- but again, this is a usual case, and on some routes it will not be the case and they have other priorities--they may not even care how many people are on a flight if they need to get planes to places. It's not just "supply and demand", its absolute nonsense to say that, absolute nonsense-- its incredibly complex algorithms that take many many things into account. In rare occasions you can see flights have massive fluctuations like you saw when some market factor changes. What that change is though, is hidden to the public eye. However, as general rule, one that can certainly be broken though, booking less than a week to departure, prices often increase, as people's willingness to pay increases (and many of these flights are sold to businesses, which will pay more) and longer out, flights tend to be more steady in rates. Businesses tended to be airlines most valuable customers (along with rich people paying for high end services), so they banked a lot on that seats would be available at increased rates to "last minute business travelers". During covid, this has gotten destroyed as few business travelers are traveling. **tl;dr**: Airline tickets are dynamically priced for market conditions and can lower, raise or anything based on things that are going on. Supply and demand is only one factor


Question: What caused the water to disappear (and in what manner will it return) from the Bahamas coast?

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 What caused the water to disappear (and in what manner will it return) from the Bahamas coast?

[Hurricane Irma is literally sucking the water away from shorelines ]( URL_0 ) > > Basically, Hurricane Irma is so strong and its pressure is so low, it’s sucking water from its surroundings into the core of the storm. > > ... > > > In any case, this isn’t the sign of a tsunami. The water will return to Long Island, and it probably won’t rush back with any great force. It will probably be back by Sunday afternoon.


Question: is it possible for astronauts to carry plants (and everything needed to tend to them) on a shuttle into space for more oxygen?

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 is it possible for astronauts to carry plants (and everything needed to tend to them) on a shuttle into space for more oxygen?

Possible, sure. But you also need to contend with the facilities to care for them- water, soil, etc, and the extra weight burden they impose. Additionally, relying on plants for oxygen puts a single point of failure into the system- if they die, so do the astronauts. For those reasons, we can use chemical scrubbers and oxygen generators instead of plants, since they're mechanically simple, reliable and easy to fit on a spacecraft.


Question: Why do most current-gen games on consoles require you to wait until it's fully installed, while last-gen games could be played immediately?

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 Why do most current-gen games on consoles require you to wait until it's fully installed, while last-gen games could be played immediately?

At a guess I would say that new games are bigger then a disc can hold, my battlefield 1 digital game was 43 GB (rip my data cap :( ). Im willing to bet that if everything has to be read off the discs the load screens would be all over the place and, with all the massive open worlds lately, that would be a game killer.


Question: What is creatine monohydrate and what does it do to the body?

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</answer>
 What is creatine monohydrate and what does it do to the body?

Creatine is used to synthesize ATP, which is responsible for allowing your muscles to contract. When you supplement your diet with creatine monohydrate, you increase the quantity of creatine in your muscles, which allows you to replenish ATP, which can lead to increased work capacity during a workout. Creatine does not need to be ingested at any particular time (like caffeine, which has a limited window before it wears off). Creatine needs to be taken regularly to allow build-up in the muscles. The recommended dose as a daily supplement is 5 grams. Taking more than that hasn't been shown to provide any extra benefit.


Question: why do we have 4k monitors and 144 Hz monitors, but not 4k 144 Hz monitors?

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 why do we have 4k monitors and 144 Hz monitors, but not 4k 144 Hz monitors?

144 Hz 4K video requires so much data that only the DisplayPort version 1.4 can support it and it was only published in March 2016. Even that requires use of Display Stream Compression which is a mostly lossless form of data compression. Basically it is just too much information for hardware to handle until very recently.


Question: What decides the flavor/taste of things?

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 What decides the flavor/taste of things?

It has to do with electrical signals on the surface of the tastebuds. A high pH creates a bitter flavor. A low pH creates a sour “acidic” flavor. As far as sweetness goes, carbohydrates are responsible, and the smaller the saccharide chain, the sweeter it generally is. Certain other molecules effect flavor/smell, primarily ones containing arene (benzene) rings.


Question: Why does rabies virus cause photophobia in people but in raccoons it makes them come out during the day?

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 Why does rabies virus cause photophobia in people but in raccoons it makes them come out during the day?

The rabies virus is pretty interesting. The viral particles take hold in nervous tissue and then start a slow ascension from peripheral nerves to central nervous system, the brain and then finally down through some of the nerves that innervate face (namely nerves that innervate salivary glands). The virus isn't perfect - it isn't omniscient and it often doesn't know exactly which way to go depending on what host it's living in. Different species have different incubation periods. That's why some animals (bats, skunks, raccoons) are considered reservoirs for the disease. The virus moves very slowly throughout their nervous system allowing them more time to spread the disease before the clinical progression puts them 6 ft under. Other species (like us) have a much shorter survival time following the onset of symptoms. Photophobia isn't really a desired affect for the virus. More likely, it's just a wrong turn in an aberrant species. But the furious portion of the disease (aka - desire to bite), just like the inability to swallow (thereby reducing the amount of virus-ridden saliva swallowed and wasted) are considered "features" of the disease to help it spread. So when those raccoons be a wanderin... they're out to kick ass and chew bubble gum. And the virus won't allow them any bubble gum. Source: I watch a lot of zombie movies.


Question: How does the news get shots of reporters in hurricanes?

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 How does the news get shots of reporters in hurricanes?

I watched Hannity last night. While they were filming the reporter in Corpus Christi, the camera crew was in a parking garage and pretty well protected. The reporter was standing out in the street to get maximum drama. The camera just used a zoom lens to make it look like it was pretty close to the reporter. It's pretty common for these reporters to try to make the event as bad as possible instead of just reporting average conditions.


Question: How does the Nike Vaporfly make runners faster?

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 How does the Nike Vaporfly make runners faster?

The materials and construction of the sole is set up so the sole is more like a spring and the energy return is much better than a normal shoe, so on a long run they make the runner more efficient (that's the claim). It's either ground breaking tech or real good marketing (maybe a bit of both).


Question: Could a person with more body fat actually live longer without food than a person with less body fat?

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 Could a person with more body fat actually live longer without food than a person with less body fat?

Yes, with a caveat. People with more body fat can use that fat as an energy store to power the body for a longer period of time. However, you also have to get certain vitamins and minerals from your diet. For instance, if you don't get vitamin C from your diet, you will get scurvy and die (eventually). There was a case where a morbidly obese man did not eat any food for a year, relying only on his fat stores for fuel. However, he had to be closely monitored by a physician and take vitamin/mineral supplements to make sure he didn't die.


Question: Why do pregnant women crave certain foods?

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 Why do pregnant women crave certain foods?

No one really knows for sure. There's theories out there that women crave the nutrients their bodies are missing but AFAIK it hasn't been proven. Most common cravings are sweets like chocolate/ice-cream or salty chips not healthy foods. Anecdotaly, myself and most pregnant women I know craved high-calorie foods (berries, bread, ice-cream, sweets, chips) and couldn't stand foods that may have been bad for baby or contaminated (meat, alcohol, spinach). Very similar to a typical picky toddler. Don't know if any research backs this though.


Question: why are there so many political figures tied to Russia?

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 why are there so many political figures tied to Russia?

Russia has an interest in reducing the US hegemony. They will undoubtedly argue that they are merely deploying methods similar to what we applied in destabilizing Ukraine. Add to that the fact that Putin is an old KGB guy, entailing he has know-how and may also have a desire to give the US some payback for the fall of the USSR. As is commonly the case, it is a mix of level-headed politics, desire for power and human psychology. Trump and the GOP leadership are the perfect dancing partners due to their lack of commitment to democracy, the deep dark desire for power and tendency to sacrifice the people to secure personal gain.


Question: How do gas planets have any kind of objects orbiting them and/or gravity when they are just a big ball of gas, no rocks and stuff?

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 How do gas planets have any kind of objects orbiting them and/or gravity when they are just a big ball of gas, no rocks and stuff?

Gas is the same stuff as solid matter, just all spread out. Every particle of matter has its own gravity; the gravity of a planet is the combined gravity of each of its particles. Also, gas giants are only mostly made of gas - they're believed to have solid cores and oceans of liquid.


Question: if an unconscious person is operated upon by a hospital, is there an enforceable contract between them, even in the absence of an express agreement? Specifically, what kind of a legal obligation is that patent under, if not a contractual one?

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 if an unconscious person is operated upon by a hospital, is there an enforceable contract between them, even in the absence of an express agreement? Specifically, what kind of a legal obligation is that patent under, if not a contractual one?

Medical ethics, backed by law in English speaking countries, require that doctors to do whatever is immediately necessary to preserve a patient's 'life and limb'. (Within the facilities available to them and without putting themselves at risk.) So if you arrive at a hospital unconscious, they will do what they can to reverse that. Who ends up paying for it in the end depends on where you are and what the health service is like. Here in NZ, the state pays. Even if the patient is a stupid tourist with no travel insurance who just fell off a mountain. But if the unconscious person is in the USA, he or she has just inadvertantly handed over all their assets to the hospital. You guys need a single payer system so badly ...


Question: How is Wi-Fi "shared" to multiple devices?

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 How is Wi-Fi "shared" to multiple devices?

Multiplexing. There are lots of different ways multiplexing can be accomplished, one example is time sharing. In other words, each device gets multiplexed for a certain time slot (often small enough time slots as to be imperceptible to us; it can be fractions of fractions of a second) in order to share the load of multiple connections at once.


Question: What does the little ball inside a whistle do?

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 What does the little ball inside a whistle do?

The ball inside the whistle is not necessary for the whistle to work but serves a purpose. A whistle without a ball has a flat tone that may get "lost". In an American Whistle the ball rises and falls as it is pushed around by the turbulence. When the ball moves within the chamber, it creates variations within the pitch, or the trilling sound you associate with a quality whistle blast. [Source]( URL_0 )


Question: The US National debt is reaching $30 Trillion. Why does this matter and how can it hurt us?

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 The US National debt is reaching $30 Trillion. Why does this matter and how can it hurt us?

The raw number on the debt, strictly speaking, is not important, or at least is kind of meaningless without context; what does matter are things like debt-to-gdp, or the ratio of the amount of debt against the actual amount of economic activity going on. In the US's case, debt-to-GDP bounces around between 100% and 107%, which is high but not really that unusual (greater Euro area is between 90% and 100%). However, the more important thing to understand is that the US economy is not like other economies because it's simply so much larger than everything else, thus trying to compare the US to other nations in this regard is not exactly useful. As a result, not only does the rest of the world not really care about the US debt being "high," but they ***want*** US debt to be high, because that means more extremely safe debt for them to buy, and which they turn around and use to underpin their own central banks. Put another way, if the US starts having issues in paying that debt, literally every other country on the face of the Earth (including the highly disconnected nations like North Korea) will have a bigger problem than the US will, entirely because there is no alternative for the global economy than US dollars and US debt-based financial instruments. There also isn't about to be an alternative for US debt because every other major economy has pretty serious issues, hence why 90-95% of international trade ends up involving dollars, even though the US isn't directly involved in the overwhelming majority of that trade.