Question: Describe the findings of Karen Benjamin Guzzo's study about the odds of relationships outside of marriage or cohabitation lasting.

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 Describe the findings of Karen Benjamin Guzzo's study about the odds of relationships outside of marriage or cohabitation lasting.

It’s common knowledge that shotgun marriages have declined in prevalence since the mid-twentieth century. Yet seemingly paradoxically, the share of marriages and cohabiting relationships that appear to be prompted by conception is rising. And these days, some couples conceive a child together, give birth, and only later combine households or marry. What are the odds that these types of relationships will last?
Bowling Green sociologist Karen Benjamin Guzzo examined that question recently in the Journal of Marriage and Family. Using the 1997 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, which follows thousands of Americans born between 1980 and 1984, Guzzo compared the break-up risk of various groups of women who became pregnant outside a co-residential relationship. (Marriages and cohabiting relationships are together classified as “co-residential unions,” or “unions” for short, and the study focused only on conceptions leading to a woman’s first live birth, ending with 2011 data.) These women were generally younger, more socioeconomically disadvantaged, and more likely to come from single-parent families than the average American mother.
Guzzo placed the women in her sample in three categories: those who formed a union with their child’s father during pregnancy, those who formed a union with him at some point after birth, and those who formed a union with a new partner, whether during pregnancy or after birth.
Her analysis revealed the pattern that you might have predicted. Mid-pregnancy or “shotgun” unions with the child’s father fared best, post-birth unions with the father were less likely to last, and unions with a new partner faced the highest dissolution risk of all. In an analytical model controlling for mothers’ socioeconomic and demographic traits, new-partner unions were almost three times as likely to dissolve during the study period as mid-pregnancy unions with the father of the child. The relationships of mothers who had lived with both their parents during adolescence were more likely to last than those of mothers with other backgrounds, but women’s personal socioeconomic traits were not linked to their odds of breaking up with partners. And marriages proved more stable than cohabiting relationships. Specifically, in Guzzo’s words, “The odds of dissolution were more than tripled among continuously cohabiting unions than direct marriages, but cohabiting unions that transitioned to marriage did not exhibit higher dissolution risks” than marriages not preceded by cohabitation.
Unsurprisingly, women in the NLSY survey sample whose first pregnancy began within a co-residential relationship were less prone to relationship dissolution than women who formed mid-pregnancy unions, confirming earlier research on the subject, but this was only the case if union type was not considered. For women in a union at birth, the type of union—cohabitation vs. marriage—was more important than when that union began (relative to conception) in determining break-up risk.
In explaining her findings, Guzzo emphasized the role of selection, noting “it seems that the most committed and stable couples are selected into coresidence prior to birth.” In other words, it is likely couples’ pre-existing relationship quality and mutual dedication, rather than the timing of their co-residential unions as such, that explains the apparent advantage of combining households before birth or conception. In the case of new-partner unions, which exhibited particularly high rates of instability, couples “may face boundary ambiguity, jealousy, and competing obligations across families and households” of the sort that many stepfamilies confront.
The implications for single people without kids are clear. As readers of this blog need hardly be reminded, it is crucial to decide in relationships, rather than slide through them, to use Scott Stanley’s terminology. Moving in with a new partner because of external factors, such as someone’s lease running out or a surprise pregnancy, is more likely to end poorly than a union that couples enter because they have chosen to publicly express their long-term commitment to one another. Thus, as Stanley advises, single people who hope to marry and have kids someday should try to take it slow in relationships and proceed deliberately from one step of a relationship to the next.
The takeaway for couples who find themselves expecting their first child outside of marriage or cohabitation is less clear, as so much depends on their particular circumstances. When the relationship is strong and no red flags are present, these couples should consider marrying, and not only for the sake of their child. Their relationships definitely face tough odds, but if this new study and prior research on the experiences of single parents and stepfamilies are correct, these couples may already be looking at their best chance for a lasting union.
Anna Sutherland is a writer and editor living in Michigan.


Question: What happened at Congresswoman Elise Stefanik's open forum today?

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 What happened at Congresswoman Elise Stefanik's open forum today?

Republican Congresswoman Elise Stefanik had an open forum today in the southern part of her district taking questions from a number of angry constituents and her answers drew a number of boos and even laughter.
She has faced criticism for not holding enough town halls in the vast 21st District that spreads from the east end of Lake Ontario to Lake Champlain and south to the foothills of the Adirondacks. She said this was her 16th "Coffee with your Congresswoman" event.
The Congresswoman faced questions ranging from health care and entitlement reform to climate change and gun control. She did make news stating that she believes embattled EPA head Scott Pruitt should resign amid a number of ethical concerns.
Here are two questions she faced regarding money she has received from political action committees and whether it influences her voting, as well as a question on why guns like an AR-15 should be available to the public.
Seven Democrats are vying to face Stefanik in the fall, most notably the former MSNBC Anchor Dylan Ratigan.


Question: Describe the research team and funding sources of Lukens' study published in the Journal of Immunology.

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 Describe the research team and funding sources of Lukens' study published in the Journal of Immunology.

Lukens and his colleagues have published their findings in the Journal of Immunology. Lukens’ research team consisted of Catherine R. Lammert, Elizabeth L. Frost, Ashley C. Bolte, Matt J. Paysour, Mariah E. Shaw, Calli E. Bellinger, Thaddeus K. Weigel and Eli R. Zunder.
The work was supported by the Hartwell Foundation, the Owens Family Foundation and the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative. In addition, members of the research team received support from the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences, UVA’s Medical Scientist Training Program and from Hutcheson and Stull Undergraduate Research Fellowships.


Question: Hey there, I'm looking for a great hiking spot near Atlanta. Any suggestions?

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 Hey there, I'm looking for a great hiking spot near Atlanta. Any suggestions?

Hike northbound along the Appalachian Trail to incredible views atop Rocky Mountain from Unicoi Gap in Georgia. The trail begins with a bang, gaining over 1000 feet in just 1.3 miles. At 2 hours from Atlanta or Asheville and 2.5 hours from Chattanooga, this makes a perfect half day adventure.
The large gravel parking lot is immediately off of GA-17/GA-75. Although it can accommodate 50-60 cars, it can still fill up on weekends so don't get there too late. Begin this hike at the southern end of the parking lot. Looks for a post with a white blaze.
The hike up to Rocky Mountain begins to climb immediately and doesn't let up until you reach the summit. The trail varies from slightly rocky to very rocky with several sections of stone steps making the journey just a bit more challenging. Several minor creek crossing should be easy to traverse, just mind slick wet rocks.
At .8 miles you'll come to the intersection of the blue-blazed Rocky Mountain Trail. This will be the return trail for this loop if taken counter-clockwise. From here, the trail gets steeper before leveling off at 1.2 miles. After another tenth of a mile you will come to the first view at the summit.
Framed by trees on both sides, you get a long range view of the mountains to the south, including Yonah Mountain. Continue along the AT for another view at the 1.5 mile mark. This view is less crowded by trees. For a shorter hike, you could turn around here for an out-and-back of Rocky Mountain.
Descend the mountain, heading down as sharply as you came up, until you reach Indian Grave Gap. Here several trails and roads come together. For this loop, you'll be leaving the AT from this point, turning left and heading north along the gravel Indian Grave Gap Road for over half a mile. Look for blue blazes on the trees on the opposite side of the road for confirmation you're going the right way.
After .65 miles the trail re-enters the woods on the left at the sign for the Rocky Mtn Trail. Sticking tightly to the contours of the steep hillside, the trail is laced with fern and moss covered rocks. After a rocky creek crossing, the trail begins it's climb to join the AT back at the intersection on the way up Rocky Mountain. Turn right here, backtracking down the AT to the parking lot to end out this hike.
Consider this for a winter hike for even better views.
The trail varies from slightly rocky to very rocky. Some bare rock sections can be slick when wet.
The first mile of this hike is a real challenge, but you are rewarded with two excellent views. Even if the parking lot is crowded, you won't see too many people at the top. The section along the gravel road gives you a nice break before heading back up the Rocky Mtn Trail.


Question: Describe the ways in which vegetarianism can be used to undermine gender and other hierarchies.

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 Describe the ways in which vegetarianism can be used to undermine gender and other hierarchies.

Based on interviews with Argentinian vegetarians, Anne Delessio-Parson claims that women use vegetarianism to "push back against the patriarchy," and that male vegetarians "seem more egalitarian and respectful."
"Refusing meat therefore presents opportunities, in each social interaction, for the [gender] binary to be called into question."
“Women, one of the ways they push back against patriarchy, they say, 'This is my body. You don't get to tell me what comes in and out,’” she told Campus Reform, explaining that vegetarianism is a way women can assert their agency and autonomy.
DeLessio-Parson concludes that vegetarianism can help “destabilize not just gender, but also other hierarchies, and drive social change.
“If we can pay more attention to what we put in our bodies...we can create a better sense of peace in the world. Vegetarianism is a part of that,” she writes.


Question: Respond in 6 sentences. Describe John Seymour Jr.'s career in politics.

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 Respond in 6 sentences. Describe John Seymour Jr.'s career in politics.

John Francis Seymour Jr. (born December 3, 1937) is a retired American politician who served as a United States Senator from California from 1991 to 1992. A member of the Republican Party, he was appointed to continue Pete Wilson's term but lost the special election to finish it to Democratic candidate and former San Francisco Mayor Dianne Feinstein. He is the most recent member of the Republican Party to serve as a U.S. Senator from California. Seymour is also the most recent U.S. Senator from Southern California, as Feinstein, Alan Cranston, Barbara Boxer and Kamala Harris are all from the Bay Area.


Question: Provide information about the game Saban's Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Mega Battle.

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 Provide information about the game Saban's Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Mega Battle.

Game Description: You may pre-download this game, but it will not be playable until 12:01 AM EST on the release date (1/17/2017).
Saban’s Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Mega Battle provides a creative and modern re-imaging of the classic multiplayer beat-em-up genre. Level up your rangers, team up with friends, summon the Megazord, and ﬁght your way through levels stylized after classic Mighty Morphin Power Rangers episodes! Morph, use weapons & martial arts, and summon the larger-than-life Megazord. The levels are ﬁlled with familiar dialogue, background details, cut scenes, and enemies pulled straight from the ﬁrst two seasons of the show!
Pre-order now and receive the human characters Rocky, Aisha, Adam & Kat from Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Season 2!


Question: Who is Mark Goodwin? Respond in 24 words.

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 Who is Mark Goodwin? Respond in 24 words.

Mark Goodwin (born July 17, 1986) is an American drummer. He is best known as the drummer for the Australian rock band Sick Puppies.


Question: Can you explain the advantages of this RFC (short closures) and how it reduces the boilerplate code?

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 Can you explain the advantages of this RFC (short closures) and how it reduces the boilerplate code?

This RFC is an alternative proposal to Bob Weinand's Short Closures RFC which contains a lot of relevant information. This RFC will reference the short_closures RFC several times so readers should be familiar with it.
Anonymous functions and closures can be verbose even though sometimes they are quite simple and contain only a single expression. Additionally, importing variables into the closure's scope is manual and is painful overhead for single-expression closures. In practice these single-expression closures are common. This RFC proposes a more concise syntax for this pattern.
This reduces the amount of boilerplate from 30 characters down to 8.
See more examples in the Examples section. The longer examples may be helpful to those struggling to understand why the RFC authors care about saving symbols and clarity on each closure.
Many other languages have ways to write closures in a succinct form as well. TODO: decide how much summary of this topic should be given here. At minimum provide links to closure documentation for a few other relevant and major languages?
Note that searching for variables to close over will descend into nested arrow functions and use sections of inline functions. This functionality is not expected to be common but is supported.
Arrow functions are similar to those found in EcmaScript 2015 (ES6)1) and lambda expressions from C#2).
This RFC does support type declarations for parameters and return types. This issue was noted multiple times on the mailing list during the short closures RFC as something that bothered voters. Therefore this RFC permits them but the authors discourage their general use in arrow functions.
The implementation currently supports static closures, for example static fn($x) => static::get($x). While supported it is uncertain whether it should be included in the final version. Having the implementation support it allows testers to determine usefulness and value.
Arrow functions have no ambiguities, including array key definitions and yield expressions that provide a key. The fn prefix removes the ambiguities.
Unfortunately the fn keyword must be a full keyword and not just a reserved function name; this is to break the ambiguities with => for array and yield keys.
Ilija Tovilo analyzed the top 1,000 PHP repositories on GitHub to find usages of fn. The gist provides more information, but the rough findings are that all known existing usages of fn are in tests except one case where it is a namespace segment.
An implementation with tests can be found here: https://github.com/morrisonlevi/php-src/tree/arrow_functions. There are no known issues with it at this time; please build and test it.
Voting will be a simple Yes/No that requires 2/3 or more of the votes to be “Yes” to be accepted.
This reduces the amount of boilerplate from 44 characters down to 8.
This reduces the amount of boilerplate from 31 characters down to 8.
If you are specifying multiple statements doesn't that work against the purpose of being concise and short?
Auditing the implicitly bound variables becomes more difficult as the number of statements increase.
This RFC omitted this feature for these reasons. If arrow functions are accepted and become more common it may make sense to revisit this feature.


Question: Describe the history of the Royal Thai Air Base Nam Phong.

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 Describe the history of the Royal Thai Air Base Nam Phong.

The Royal Thai Air Base Nam Phong in Nam Phong District, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand was constructed in 1966-1967 during the Vietnam War by Utah Mining Company, originally to support EC-121 aircraft and potentially three tactical aircraft squadrons, but was ultimately completed as a "bare base" to support disbursal and theater force staging. In June 1972 Nam Phong became a base of operations for United States Marine Corps air operations by Marine Aircraft Group 15, 1st Marine Aircraft Wing.


Question: Describe the Trump Taj Mahal casino's violation of the Bank Secrecy Act in the early 1990s.

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 Describe the Trump Taj Mahal casino's violation of the Bank Secrecy Act in the early 1990s.

(CNN) The Trump Taj Mahal casino broke anti-money laundering rules 106 times in its first year and a half of operation in the early 1990s, according to the IRS in a 1998 settlement agreement.
It's a bit of forgotten history that's buried in federal records held by an investigative unit of the Treasury Department, records that congressional committees investigating Trump's ties to Russia have obtained access to, CNN has learned.
The casino repeatedly failed to properly report gamblers who cashed out $10,000 or more in a single day, the government said.
Trump's casino ended up paying the Treasury Department a $477,000 fine in 1998 without admitting any liability under the Bank Secrecy Act.
CNN obtained 417 pages of Treasury Department documents under the Freedom of Information Act. The records included the 1998 settlement, draft and final copies of a similar settlement in 2015, and exchanges between the Trump casino lawyers and federal regulators.
The 1998 settlement was publicly reported at the time, and the Associated Press noted it was the largest fine the federal government ever slapped on a casino for violating the Bank Secrecy Act.
But key details of the casino's cash reporting violations are missing from the publicly released documents, including the identities of the gamblers and casino employees involved in the transactions.
The congressional committees had asked the Treasury Department's financial crimes enforcement network, or FinCEN, to provide any information it has on Trump, his businesses, his top officials and campaign aides.
House and Senate investigators both said they had obtained access to data housed at Treasury's FinCEN -- which will include details of these violations and potentially more, according to sources familiar with the investigation.
Congressional investigators say they are interested in the global network of Trump's finances to determine if FinCEN's data shows connections between Trump associates and Russia.
The White House declined to comment, referring questions to the Trump Organization.
In a statement, the Trump Organization said it "has had no involvement with the Taj Mahal, or any other Atlantic City property, for over a decade and has no knowledge of the events referred to in your email."
The 1998 settlement agreement itself, at just two-pages, is short on details. It only shows that the Taj Mahal "failed to file" currency transaction reports "within the time period required." It states that Trump's casino, which opened in April 1990, made the violations sometime before December 1991.
In the settlement agreement, the casino disputed "any willful failures" to comply with the Bank Secrecy Act.
Normally, if a gambler cashes out $10,000-plus in a single day, the casino must fill out a form listing their name, physical address, Social Security number, and birthdate. The casino has 15 days to send the form to the IRS.
According to a dozen anti-money laundering experts, casinos often run into these problems. But getting caught with 106 violations in the casino's opening years is an indicator of a serious problem, they said.
The violations date back to a time when the Taj Mahal was the preferred gambling spot for Russian mobsters living in Brooklyn, according to federal investigators who tracked organized crime in New York City. They also occurred at a time when the Taj Mahal casino was short on cash and on the verge of bankruptcy.
Trump took on an enormous amount of debt to launch what was -- at the time -- the world's largest, most flamboyant casino.
The Taj Mahal emerged from bankruptcy in late 1991, and Trump sold 50% of his stake to bondholders.
There were also financial issues at a second location in Atlantic City, The Trump Castle Hotel Casino, according to a 1991 New Jersey Gaming Enforcement report.
In the report, regulators described an incident on December 18, 1990, the day Trump owed an $18.4 million interest payment.
An attorney named Howard Snyder walked into the Castle casino with a certified check for $3.35 million drawn from a bank account belonging to Fred C. Trump. Snyder exchanged the check for 670 of the casino's gray gambling chips, which he put into a case. He then walked out of the casino.
By not cashing out the chips, the transaction amounted to a loan, regulators said.
New Jersey gaming regulators charged Trump's operation with violations of the state's Casino Control Act for not disclosing his father as a financial backer.
"The Castle failed to notify the Commission and Division in writing of the fact that the Fred Trump transaction would create a new financial source," the regulators said it their report.
Regulators imposed a $30,000 civil penalty on the Castle.
Trump's third gambling operation in Atlantic City, the Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino, had a better record. When the IRS audited its cash reporting in 1998 and 1999, it found that the casino correctly filed 99.99% of the time, according to a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
FinCEN caught the Trump Taj Mahal dodging anti-money laundering rules again two decades later. In 2015, it fined the casino $10 million.
In the consent order, the casino admitted it "willfully violated" the Bank Secrecy Act's "reporting and recordkeeping requirements from 2010 through 2012."
There was "apparent laundering of funds" using slot machine tickets, according to the 2015 consent order. And the casino didn't keep track of gamblers who deliberately cashed out in smaller payments to avoid having to report it to the federal government.
By then, however, Trump's involvement with the Taj Mahal was in name only. He had departed Atlantic City in 2009, maintaining a small stake in the casino's parent company.
Additional reporting by Tom LoBianco.


Question: Respond in 2 sentences. Provide a description of the upcoming 2019 Kazakhstan Premier League winter transfer window.

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Respond in 2 sentences. Provide a description of the upcoming 2019 Kazakhstan Premier League winter transfer window.

This is a list of Kazakh football transfers in the winter transfer window 2019 by club. Only clubs of the 2019 Kazakhstan Premier League are included.


Question: Write about the proposed King Street Pilot Project in Toronto and why it is necessary for the city.

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 Write about the proposed King Street Pilot Project in Toronto and why it is necessary for the city.

Let’s start from the beginning. King St. was broken. Before city council decided to take the bold step of transforming King St. into a transit-priority corridor, it wasn’t working for anybody.
If you were a streetcar rider, it was faster to walk than ride the streetcar. If you were a driver, well let’s be honest, you avoided King during rush hour at all costs. And, if you were a pedestrian, the sidewalks were overcrowded and unsafe.
Sticking with the status quo simply wasn’t an option. Now, one month into the pilot project, our job is to improve it and make it better.
The pilot is working, as evidenced by early data showing improved streetcar reliability and travel times, though there is certainly room for improvement. But let me be clear, as the local city councillor, I will not support going back to the past.
King St. is one of the key arteries serving downtown. It carries 65,000 daily streetcar riders (compared to 20,000 cars), making it the largest surface level transit route in North America. Commuters from east to west use King St. to get to and from work in the Financial District, or at the rapidly increasing number of tech startups in the Entertainment District — an area that also attracts thousands to its dynamic shops, theatres and restaurants.
The numbers help tell the tale. Downtown Toronto may have a residential population of 240,000 people, but our daytime population nearly quadruples to 900,000 as people travel to the core to work and study.
According to a recent City of Toronto report, downtown Toronto now accounts for 25 per cent of the city’s tax base, 51 per cent of the city’s GDP, and has 33 per cent of all jobs in the entire city. If people can’t get to their jobs, if deliveries are stuck in traffic, and if downtown meetings are delayed or cancelled, Toronto’s entire economy suffers.
As Metrolinx has demonstrated, congestion is costing Toronto $6 billion a year in lost productivity. We have to get people moving faster and strategies of the past, based on a much smaller population, aren’t going to cut it.
Which takes us to the decision to launch the King St. pilot project. Over the last number of years our city had tried numerous operational changes to speed up transit service on King: parking restrictions during rush hours, proof-of-payment rear boarding, left turn restrictions, and increased fines in no stopping zones.
You name it, we tried it. Nothing worked. Streetcars continued to go slower and arrive later. A bold shift was needed to put people and transit first.
On Nov. 12, the King St. pilot to prioritize streetcars was launched. By simply removing 180 on-street parking spaces (merely 3 per cent of the 7,800 parking spaces within a five-minute walk of the corridor) and implementing restrictions on vehicle movements, we reprioritized the street for people.
In many world class cities such a move wouldn’t be seen as bold. Frankly, many cities implemented such changes more than a decade ago. But, this is Toronto. Radical incrementalism is our way.
The early results of the pilot show quick improvements so far. The reliability of streetcar travel times has improved, which means people spend less time waiting in the cold wondering when their streetcar will arrive. Average streetcar travel times have decreased by as much as 2.6 minutes during rush hour. And average vehicle travel times on adjacent streets have been barely impacted.
That’s not to say that everything is perfect. For many, the adjustment period has led to confusion and traffic tickets. The fact that we launched during the cold winter season has left a feeling of emptiness on the street before the patios reopen. And, far too many businesses — my own local constituents — have expressed concerns.
However, as a pilot project we are able to test, measure and refine as we go. Already we’re making changes. King St. is open for business and the city is rolling out campaigns to promote local business, as well as new street and pop-up festivals to bring people to King. Traffic signal changes and other tweaks are coming to speed up streetcars and vehicular movement on adjacent streets. And, we’re not done yet.
At the end of the day, it is worth remembering that change is hard. In fact, changing the way our streets operate may be the hardest growing pain a city can experience. Everybody uses our streets, and everyone has an opinion. But, on King St., change is necessary and long overdue.
Joe Cressy is Toronto city councillor for Ward 20, Trinity-Spadina.


Question: Name the top 10 cities in Indiana by population.

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 Name the top 10 cities in Indiana by population.

In 2016, Indiana had four cities with populations of over 100,000: Indianapolis, Fort Wayne, Evansville and South Bend. Rounding out the top 10 cities in the state were: Carmel, Fishers, Bloomington, Hammond, Gary and Lafayette.


Question: Describe the location and history of Pingyu County. Respond in 3 sentences.

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 Describe the location and history of Pingyu County. Respond in 3 sentences.

Pingyu County () is a county of Henan province, China, bordering Anhui province to the east. It is under the administration of Zhumadian city.
It is also the hometown of Chen Fan and Xi Zhong, who were famous Chinese historical persons.


Question: Respond in 24 sentences. What updates are coming for Cardano (ADA)?

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 Respond in 24 sentences. What updates are coming for Cardano (ADA)?

Charles Hoskinson, the founder and CEO of Cardano (ADA) has come with a series of updates for Cardano followers. Excited at the upcoming launches, Hoskinson said that the company is coming up with its versions of 1.3 and 1.4. Shelly and Prometheus are also around the corner. He has also left a message for Ethereum co-founder, Vitalik Buterin.
The proposal that will be submitted tomorrow, will start seeing the update in the next few days. The Cardano 1.3 update is going to provide memory improvement and efficiency improvement.
The humble crypto enthusist, who is looking forward to the promising Cardano 1.4, said: “Cardano 1.4 is going to be the largest update for Cardano”. The update will be huge for Cardano and it has got to offer “a lot of really good things under its hut”. “We are going to go from file systems that uses about 1.3 million files to store the blockchain to about 44,000. The wallet backend specification has been fully implemented,” said Hoskinson, striving to make Cardano, the best product in the market place.
The supposedly largest update is at the moment going through a lot of code refactoring and will improve its quality.
Cardano wrote a parallel code base called Prometheus that is written based on Rust. It is a library of different functionality, which the third party should be able to use for their own product lines. Prometheus’ demo is coming in September. It’s has already been tested on Anroid and IoS devices. He sees Prometheus to be really promising.
He also stated that on 15th August, Cardano will announce the introduction of a new product that will be based on Promethus as its core. The product will be based on Google Chrome. So, basically, it will be an extension of Google Chrome.
For Shelly, Cardano will be ‘gradually rolling things out’. Shelly has now 21 major work units, some of which can be done in parallel and some can be done linearly, and will come out sometime this month.
Reflecting upon Cardano and Vitalik Buterin’s debate, he said since “Reddit is not the proper place to have a debate”. So, this week, they will be posting a blog post, where Buterin and Hoskinson will be answering each other’s questions. He “hopes to have a vigorous debate with Mr Buterin” to understand about Casper which is still “murky” for Cardano’s understanding, “given that it is coming from multiple sources”.


Question: What do you know about Lucky Knot Bridge?

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 What do you know about Lucky Knot Bridge?

NEXT Architects has completed an undulating red footbridge in Changsha, China, that offers pedestrians a variety of different routes across the Dragon King Harbour River.
Beijing and Amsterdam studio NEXT Architects designed the Lucky Knot bridge for Changsha's Meixi Lake district – a 6.5 million-square-metre development masterplanned by Kohn Pedersen Fox for the southwest of the city.
At 185 metres long and 24 metres high, the red steel bridge rises and falls across its course to permit views of the river, Meixi Lake, the city and the surrounding mountain range.
"The city is growing and changing rapidly. This context called for a unique gesture to inspire passers-by," said partner Michel Schreinemachers.
The bridge's sequence of walkways connect river banks, the road and a park, all located at different heights. First unveiled by the firm in 2013, the sinuous form was inspired by the never-ending surface of a Möbius strip.
"The shape of the Lucky Knot was inspired by the principle of the Möbius ring, as well as by the Chinese knotting art," added partner John van de Water. "In the ancient decorative Chinese folk art, the knot symbolises luck and prosperity."
"The final shape of the bridge is the result of – literally and metaphorically – knotting all these routes together."
The Lucky Knot is the latest in a series of bridges by NEXT Architects, following a bat-friendly bridge in the Netherlands and a sinuous hilltop staircase.
"Combining the Dutch team's expertise in infrastructure and water management, and the Chinese team's perseverance and knowledge of the local context was a crucial part of the process," said the architects. "Now, just a few weeks after the opening, the bridge has already become an icon."


Question: Hey, how can I keep my back healthy as I get older?

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 Hey, how can I keep my back healthy as I get older?

BALTIMORE—Saying the simple practice was hugely beneficial for staving off aches and pains later in life, a report released Wednesday by Johns Hopkins University found that suddenly remembering to sit up straight once a month is the best way to keep a back healthy into old age. “Our research determined that the ideal method for achieving lasting back health is to remember seemingly out of nowhere to correct your posture at a random moment during the day, involuntarily resume slouching after a few minutes, and then repeat the process within the next four weeks or so,” said lead author Jackson Hartig, adding that neither strengthening exercises nor stretching routines were even remotely as helpful. “Those who suddenly remember to sit up straight less often than once a month can expect to deal with chronic discomfort as they grow older, while people who rarely if ever have those spontaneous moments of awareness will likely have to contend with agonizing muscle spasms and a pronounced hunch from middle age until death.” Hartig went on to say that the sitting up must be prompted unconsciously and that deliberate reminders such as a sticky note taped to a computer monitor at work had no effect whatsoever.


Question: Provide information regarding the Egypt Exploration Society's acquisition, dating, ownership and offer for sale of the Oxyrhynchus Papyrus 5345. Respond in 963 words.

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 Provide information regarding the Egypt Exploration Society's acquisition, dating, ownership and offer for sale of the Oxyrhynchus Papyrus 5345. Respond in 963 words.

In the latest volume of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri, volume LXXXIII text 5345, Professor Obbink and Dr Colomo publish a fragment from a papyrus codex (book). The two sides of the papyrus each preserve brief traces of a passage, both of which come from the gospel of Mark. After rigorous comparison with other objectively dated texts, the hand of this papyrus is now assigned to the late second to early third century AD. This is the same text that Professor Obbink showed to some visitors to Oxford in 2011/12, which some of them reported in talks and on social media as possibly dating to the late first century AD on the basis of a provisional dating when the text was catalogued many years ago. Papyrus 5345 was excavated by Grenfell and Hunt, probably in 1903 (on the basis of its inventory number), and has never been for sale, whatever claims may have been made arising from individual conversations in the past. No other unpublished fragments of New Testament texts in the EES collection have been identified as earlier than the third century AD.
The section in question and the relevant plate from the volume are available here. The article and images contained within it are copyright of the Egypt Exploration Society. Any requests to reproduce content within it should follow instructions here.
The volume, including the publication of P.Oxy LXXXIII 5345 is available to purchase from IB Tauris here.
Ownership: The 5345 fragment has since its excavation belonged to the EEF and its successor the EES. The collection in the Sackler Library at Oxford does include some papyri purchased by Grenfell and Hunt which belong to the University of Oxford, not the EES, and which are published separately (such as P. Nekrotaphoi); 5345 is not one of these.
Inventory number: The correct inventory number is 101/14(b); we apologise for the typographical error in P.Oxy. LXXXIII, and in our earlier posting which referred to it. Box 101 is one of a series of boxes which contain papyri which were damped out (flattened) some years after they were excavated. In this process many lost any note of their original ‘excavation’ (packing) numbers by season (on which see the note in the front matter to P.Oxy. XLII and XLIV). Some papyri do have an inventory number written on them, but many small fragments, like 5345, do not. Thus the season of excavation of this fragment is uncertain, but it may be 1903 like several nearby items in Box 101.
We note that Grenfell and Hunt sometimes used other systems of designation for papyri from Oxyrhynchus. We are working to understand these, and hope in due course to produce an account of all their systems.
Dating the papyrus and identification as Mark: EES records include a photograph and brief record card for each papyrus awaiting publication, which were prepared to assist the General Editors in selecting papyri for future volumes. The cards were created without detailed study of the texts and without access to today’s online search tools. The record card for 5345, created by Dr Coles in the early 1980s, is marked ‘I/II’, suggesting a late first- or early second-century date. He did not identify it as Mark. This is not surprising because the clearest link is a word on the abraded side which would not have been legible on a quick inspection.
The identification of the fragment as Mark was made in 2011 by a researcher working for Professor Obbink, then one of the General Editors of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri series. Professor Obbink decided he would himself prepare the text for publication. Editors are permitted, on certain conditions, to take out individual papyri from the collection for study or teaching on University premises. In spring 2016, in the light of the social media debate about possible early fragments of gospels being for sale, the EES decided to review what NT fragments had been identified in its collection but not yet published, and realised that the supposed first-century Mark was the papyrus now published as 5345. Professor Obbink was instructed to prepare it for publication as soon as practicable in order to avoid further speculation about its date and content, with Dr Daniela Colomo as co-editor; Dr Ben Henry also improved the edition at the sub-editing stage.
For clarity we note that the EES has never asked anyone to complete an NDA about any papyrus fragment. It has always been EES policy that Oxyrhynchus papyri should have first publication in the P.Oxy. series, and publication elsewhere, or earlier dissemination, requires specific permission. The EES publication requirements were formalised in 2017 and the form which scholars seeking to work on Oxyrhynchus papyri have to complete is available on the EES website.
Offer for sale: the EES has never sought to sell this or any other papyrus. Professor Obbink says that he did show the papyrus in his rooms (where it was temporarily for teaching purposes) to Scott Carroll, but to no-one else except some Oxford students. Scott Carroll and he discussed whether the fragment could be displayed in an exhibition at the Vatican, but without conclusion. Professor Obbink insists that he never said the papyrus was for sale, and that while he did receive some payments from the Green Collection for advice on other matters, he did not accept any payment for or towards purchase of this text.
Interpretation: It is beyond the competence of the EES to respond to queries and comments about the content, dating and significance of this fragment of Mark as published by its editors. In this statement the EES has made available all the relevant information it currently knows about the excavation, identification and preparation for publication of the text to contribute to informed debate by scholarly experts and the wider interested community.


Question: Define "Gemara." Respond in 87 words.

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 Define "Gemara." Respond in 87 words.

The Gemara (also transliterated Gemora, Gemarah, or, less commonly, Gemorra; from Hebrew , from the Aramaic verb "gamar", study) is the component of the Talmud comprising rabbinical analysis of and commentary on the Mishnah. After the Mishnah was published by Judah the Prince (c. 200 CE), the work was studied exhaustively by generation after generation of rabbis in Babylonia and the Land of Israel. Their discussions were written down in a series of books that became the Gemara, which when combined with the Mishnah constituted the Talmud.


Question: Play Drooburt's Journey, a Wintersday Twine game.

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 Play Drooburt's Journey, a Wintersday Twine game.

Although Wintersday has drawn to a close, we’d like to share one more holiday treat! Narrative Designer Angel McCoy has created a Twine game, illustrated by Environment Artist Tirzah Bauer, that will let you guide Drooburt the quaggan on his fateful final journey. What adventures did he have along the way? Whose lives did he touch? That’s for you to find out!
Twine is a program used to create interactive stories and text-based games. To play, click here.
Happy Wintersday, and we hope your luck is much better than Drooburt’s in the coming year!


Question: What is the Xerox Alto? Respond in 2 sentences.

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 What is the Xerox Alto? Respond in 2 sentences.

The Xerox Alto is the first computer designed from its inception to support an operating system based on a graphical user interface (GUI), later using the desktop metaphor. The first machines were introduced on 1 March 1973, a decade before mass-market GUI machines became available.


Question: What do you think about Brendon Hartley's race in Hungary?

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 What do you think about Brendon Hartley's race in Hungary?

Brendon Hartley was frustrated to have missed out on another Formula 1 points finish after a team strategy call backfired at the Hungarian Grand Prix.
The Toro Rosso driver was looking to follow up on his first Q3 appearance of the season with a third top 10 and was running in the points in Hungary when he was called in for an early stop on lap 24 to cover Nico Hulkenberg.
Taking on a set of Mediums, Hartley struggled to match the pace of his rivals, and ultimately dropped out of contention as he finished 11th in Budapest after McLaren’s Fernando Alonso and Kevin Magnussen benefited from running longer into the race and switching onto Softs.
“I’m disappointed with 11th place,” Hartley said. “I had a really good start and got my nose inside Pierre’s car going into Turn 1. Obviously I had to get out of it, as he braked pretty early and that worked really well for him.
“I ended up losing the place to Kevin, but I had very good start and I almost got Carlos too. In the first stint he was on the hard tyre and I was on the softer compound, so I had a lot more pace but there was no way to overtake.
Hartley believes he could have extended his opening stint for much longer, and was also left to rue losing time letting the leaders through.
“The race could have been much longer,” he explained. “I saw we put new tyres on when we boxed but then going on to the harder compound tyre, which was much slower very early on.
“That meant that the people that stayed out on the softer compound were quicker and I got the blue flags so it was a double negative.
The Kiwi was convinced he would have been able to sign off for the summer break with back-to-back points finishes had Toro Rosso opted for a different strategy.
“I actually didn’t get overtaken once on track and I had some pretty good battles out there but it was all lost on strategy,” he added. “OK we had to split the strategy between the two cars but I was the one who got off worse today.


Question: Respond briefly. Tell me something about Gerda Elisabeth Karstens.

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 Respond briefly. Tell me something about Gerda Elisabeth Karstens.

Gerda Elisabeth Karstens (9 July 1903 – 13 June 1988) was a Danish ballet dancer with the Royal Danish Theatre where she became a soloist in 1942. She is remembered in particular for her interpretations of Madge in Bournonville's "La Sylphide" and the headmistress in David Lichine's "Graduation Ball". She performed these two roles during her retirement evening in 1956, after which she spent several years teaching mime.


Question: Describe the features of the new Jonathan Teddy Bear.

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 Describe the features of the new Jonathan Teddy Bear.

The brand new Jonathan (Mid-2014) features a 20-inch seamless unibody enclosure made from a single, solid block of beauty. Ten meticulously aligned fingers deliver the perfect multi-touch experience. Plus, he comes fully equipped with not just one but two iSight cameras, each delivering images in stunning Retina resolution. Dual microphones on both sides catch every sound. And the centrally placed loudspeaker will simply blow you away, with maximum volume going all the way up to 120 dB.
Don’t let his size fool you — the brand new Jonathan packs enough power to last a lifetime. With only 5% the weight of his predecessor, he is easy to carry around all day. Of course there’s lots of room to grow, and you can look forward to frequent software updates: new apps like iWalk and iTalk will be downloaded and installed automatically when ready, free of charge. For the moment though, we’ll just enjoy his super-portable, hold-in-one-hand, just-right mini size.
Let’s just say: stuff gets in, stuff gets out.
Parental sleep mode disabled by default.
Gustatory: Can distinguish between five basic tastes, currently limited to one (= milk). Subject to change.
Vestibular: Built-in accelerometer to detect changes in body movement, direction, and acceleration. Assists maintainance of postural equilibrium and balance. Currently in beta.
Shop for Jonathan (you can never have too many teddy bears), or make your own baby.


Question: What are the rules and prizes for the 3v3 Arena mode match ups? Respond in detail.

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 What are the rules and prizes for the 3v3 Arena mode match ups? Respond in detail.

3v3 Arena mode match ups. Double Elimination! The event will be split into Saturday and Sunday for the Second half.
Please no toxicity or harassing others during the event or you will be removed from the event.
This will be limited to 3 players per team, 1 class max usage per team. Only 1 player can use a Taurant, Vypress, etc. per team.
You will have a 5 minute grace period to show up to your match before being disqualified.
If you have questions or concerns about your match, please reach out to MGA staff.
All matches with the execption of the Finals, will be best of 3 Wins.
Last 2 teams will play Finals best of 5 for a chance to win the ultimate prize.
Registration for the tournament is now closed.
Registration closes on August 9th, one more day to finalize your teams and register!
If you are still looking for a team, contact @Commander-Guts ASAP!
Congratulations to team Alwuhush from the EU!
Prizes will be distributed soon!
@addyboo419 Winner receives Jake Paul Team 10 shirt.
@addyboo419 prizes are listed in the main description above.
@reithur says “to be determined” on the site.
@addyboo419 that may be, but the prizes listed above have been distributed already.


Question: What was the worst mass shooting in Greenland's history?

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 What was the worst mass shooting in Greenland's history?

A mass shooting occurred during early morning on New Year's Day on January 1, 1990 during a party in Narsaq of the municipality of Kujalleq in Greenland of the Kingdom of Denmark. Seven people were killed and one was critically wounded in the worst mass shooting in the autonomous constituent country's history.


Question: Respond in 53 sentences. What lessons did you learn under Cruyff?

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 Respond in 53 sentences. What lessons did you learn under Cruyff?

On a sofa tucked away in a Bloomsbury hotel, the intensity of Guardiola’s gaze sharpens the impact of these words about his former coach and mentor. “Before he came we didn’t have a cathedral of football, this beautiful church, at Barcelona. We needed something new. And now it is something that has lasted. It was built by one man, by Johan Cruyff, stone by stone. That’s why he was special.
That same gratitude means Guardiola is attending the launch of Cruyff’s autobiography, which the Dutchman finished working on shortly before his death from cancer, at the age of 68, just over six months ago. It’s also the reason why Guardiola is willing to engage in a rare interview, during an afternoon when he and I will share a stage with Jordi Cruyff, Johan’s son and his Barcelona team-mate in the 1990s.
It took Guardiola another 19 months before, finally, he made his La Liga debut for Barcelona. He speaks of the need he and other young players felt to make Cruyff notice them. “Every step you make he helps you realise why you are getting better. He teach me how I can get better. I am like this: ‘I want more and more.’ You can feel the desire in me to get better.
“This is not the same as being hungry to make it. We all feel that hunger in football. With Cruyff it was different. He deepened and changed the hunger so you became conscious of why you are getting better. It was often simple. He would shout at me: ‘Control with the left, control with the left!’ because in the beginning I only use my right foot. He made me use both feet. Even now I use this with my players.
I also talk to Guardiola about ordinary life after fate intervenes. A flight from Barcelona carrying Danny Cruyff, Johan’s wife of 48 years, has been delayed and so there is an unexpected 40 additional minutes with Guardiola before we start our formal engagements. This relaxed snapshot ends up being just as intriguing, at least to me, as any antipathy he might once have felt towards José Mourinho or his clinical jettisoning of Joe Hart.
Guardiola talks enthusiastically about England, from the amount of sunshine he’s seen in Manchester – “I know the rain is coming but, so far, it’s been amazing” – to his affection for London, before remembering his rigorous sabbatical when he was between positions at Barcelona and Bayern Munich. The zeal with which Guardiola recalls “many hours of homework” while learning to speak German in New York merges into a lofty appreciation of the language. Guardiola is almost poetic in describing how, once you move beyond the harsh cadences a foreigner hears, “the beauty of German surprised me”.
I am surprised, in turn, by Guardiola. The publishers have arranged a couple of cars to take us to Waterstones but Guardiola looks out at a sunny October scene. “Why don’t we just walk there?” he says. This seems typical of Guardiola’s mood as we make the short walk to Tottenham Court Road, receiving a few wide-eyed stares from people wondering if a Pep Guardiola lookalike might be out for a stroll. There is a kind of freedom, Guardiola says, in an international week for a club manager, a time to breathe again.
I’ve heard that Cruyff, even as a coach, played beautifully on the training pitch. “Better than us,” Guardiola exclaims of himself and his fellow players in Barcelona’s Dream Team that won the club’s first European Cup at Wembley in 1992. “He was much, much better than us. He explained what we have to do and showed us how to do it. It was a masterclass every single training session, every single game, analysing why we play good or bad. It was like going to university every day.
He looks across at Cruyff’s son and they laugh again. “It was so tough, so demanding. But after he retired I met him as a coach myself and he was a grandfather. He was completely different. He was so kind and, like the book expresses so well, a person who lives for other people, he tries to help. He had his foundation when I went there. I felt he was happy.
Pep and Jordi clasp hands like they have completed a circle that began all those years ago.
“It was emotional, yes,” Guardiola says 15 minutes later as, along with Pere, we head out the back entrance and walk along some side streets. Guardiola talks freely, asking about the Guardian, and the impoverished state of newspapers, as well as chatting about book-writing and my team, Arsenal. “A good choice,” he says, grinning.
Manchester City’s Premier League lead has been cut to a point, after their first defeat of the season last Sunday, away to Tottenham. Fierce battles await Guardiola against relentlessly pressing and fluid attacking teams in Spurs and Liverpool, moulded by their managers, Mauricio Pochettino and Jürgen Klopp respectively, alongside his resumed rivalry with a bitter old adversary in Mourinho and an ally of sorts in Arsène Wenger. City will also visit the Camp Nou to play Barcelona in the Champions League the week after next. Guardiola, at least today, appears serene and ready.


Question: Create a command card for Director Krennic. Respond in 12 sentences.

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 Create a command card for Director Krennic. Respond in 12 sentences.

Deal Special damage to target enemy and inflict Tenacity Down for 3 turns.
Deal Special damage to all enemies with a 70% chance to inflict Stagger for 2 turns. If any enemies are debuffed, revive Death Trooper with 20% Health for each debuffed enemy. If Death Trooper is present, he is called to Assist.
Deal Special damage to target enemy and inflict a debuff (Attacker: Stun, Healer/Support: Ability Block, Tank: Buff Immunity) for 2 turns. If the target is a Rebel, also inflict Speed Down for 2 turns.
Empire allies gain 25% Critical Chance and 25% Potency. Debuffed enemies who are Critically Hit during an Empire ally's turn suffer Ability Block for 1 turn. This effect can't be Resisted. Empire allies recover 10% Protection whenever they score a Critical Hit.
Director Krennic gains 10% Critical Damage for each debuffed enemy and 10% Critical Damage for each Rebel enemy. If Death Trooper is present he also gains these bonuses.


Question: Describe the fate of Joe Smith's homemade TARDIS gifted to Chris Hardwick. Respond in 429 words.

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 Describe the fate of Joe Smith's homemade TARDIS gifted to Chris Hardwick. Respond in 429 words.

When Chris Hardwick says he appreciates a fan’s gift, he means it.
Third Beat’s recap of Hardwick’s visit to Toronto last month mentioned a few of the offerings lavished upon him by fans, including “a homemade TARDIS”.
Turns out, this particular TARDIS has legs.
The wooden model of the iconic Dr. Who time machine was made by Ottawa Hardwick fan and Whovian Joe Smith. Smith made the 450 km trek from Canada’s capital to see all four of Hardwick’s shows at Comedy Bar, which in itself is an impressive act of dedication.
When he presented Hardwick with the TARDIS – constructed thanks to Smith’s experience as a theatre propmaster – Hardwick was naturally excited by both it and its contents. Smith designed it to house a video library of Hardwick’s greatest and rarest works (view the full gallery).
“One of the things that really stuck out for him was the fact that I was able to track down a clip of him on MadTV from 1996 doing a Singled Out parody,” Smith says.
While allegedly much more expansive on the inside, the project was quite large on the outside as well – too large to fit in Hardwick’s luggage.
Hardwick told Smith that he’d only brought a carry-on with him for the weekend, so something would have to be worked out to get it back to his home in Los Angeles.
Now, performers with a dedicated fan following are accustomed to receiving gifts, and a lot of those gifts don’t see a happy ending (remember the heartbreak of the crushed Conan cookie in Can’t Stop ?). The sad truth is, gestures such as these tend to be re-gifted, or “accidentally” left it behind in a greenroom or hotel room.
Not so for the TARDIS!
A plan was hatched. One of the producers who brought Hardwick to Toronto, Ian Atlas, would coincidentally be in New York City the following week at the same time Hardwick would be filming his Comedy Central special.
So the TARDIS accompanied him on his trip, to have a fun-filled romp through the streets of Manhattan.
The TARDIS explores New York City. Photo by Ian Atlas.
Alas, Hardwick clearly likes to pack light. When reunited with his gift in New York, he faced the same luggage limitations as he had a week earlier.
Long story short, Atlas packed up the TARDIS and shipped it from New York to L.A., where it is presumably now in the care of Hardwick’s assistant.
Hardwick promised that “he will give it a home in his office at NerdMelt,” Smith says.


Question: Please describe the Le Boat tours on the Rideau Canal.

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 Please describe the Le Boat tours on the Rideau Canal.

We were so excited to hear news that a new luxury canal cruising experience is coming to Canada. This is something that I absolutely loved doing in Europe. I never thought I’d see the day when Le Boat launched here in Canada!
The Rideau Canal offers cruisers a unique way to see Ontario at their own pace. There’s so much to see and do along the way, especially for those who love to cook and eat because the farms out here are incredible. The cruise starts from smith falls and offers two different routes to choose from – 74km up to Long Island or take the 91km route down to Kingston for a perfect finish.
The canal journey offers a whole host of activities and experiences including fishing, bike rides and picnics away from the crowds. You’ll explore 24 Lockstations and 47 Locks along the Rideau throughout your journey.
Frankly, we cannot wait to try this out ourselves!
Le Boat will be bringing their Horizon Cruisers out for the journey and they’re the perfect vessels for the job. They sleep up to 9 ensuring the trip can be family friendly and great for small groups that just want to getaway in style. The bow cabins are roomy and comfortable with ensuite bathrooms, USB plugins and great beds. There are also two other rooms perfect for the kids or non-couples.
The upstairs saloon and kitchen area is really well laid out with plenty of room and incredible views afforded by the large windows. Last but not least, the top sun-deck is where you’ll likely spend a lot of time soaking in the sun and views.
May 19th marked the launch of the Le Boat tours on the Rideau Canal and we want to send you on an adventure with them. Come give us a call or visit the Le Boat website and talk with their team if you’re interested in this canal experience.
We’re wishing them incredible success in the coming travel season and we hope people reading this consider adding this to their summer travel list. We also wanted to point out their brochure which gives you all a bit more detail about the overall trip.


Question: Provide information about William F. Clayton.

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 Provide information about William F. Clayton.

William F. Clayton (September 20, 1923 – April 20, 2017) was an American politician and U.S. Attorney for District of South Dakota.
Clayton graduated from the University of South Dakota School of Law in 1951.