Question: How do stocks go from $500+ to under $1 in a few years?

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 How do stocks go from $500+ to under $1 in a few years?

Yeah an overwhelming majority is companies just slowly (or quickly) going bankrupt. The ceo saying he’s a nazi doesn’t matter as much as you think it would, the investing world is a heartless one. If the price tanks based on the CEOs personal beliefs some rich guy will buy it all up because it still makes him money. Edit: the people below explaining stock splits are (sort of) wrong, companies can and often change their share price with splits, but that is not what is happening in your example, in your example you will find that almost all of them are actually doing the exact opposite. They are reverse splitting their shares (2 old $5 shares become 1 new $10 share) because they are going bankrupt and their share price is cratering, stock exchanges have a minimum share price (usually $5) so if your value stays below $5 for too long (usually a month) you will be kicked off the exchange. That is very bad. So they reverse split to increase the price per share, but the company is still failing so the price still drops.


Question: How does intuition or our ‘gut feeling’ work?

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 How does intuition or our ‘gut feeling’ work?

The subconscious parts of your brain are constantly making calculations on every situation you're in, it's why you can dodge flying objects without thinking about it. It does the same thing for more complex situations, it will pick up on social cues you're not consciously aware of to tell you someone is untrustworthy, mean, or manipulative, and then you'll get the gut feeling of not liking them; it will notice an glass near the edge of a table in a pathway it's seen someone move their hands before, and tell you the glass is going to fall before it happens; it will pick up on signs of illness and you'll worry about someone without knowing the reason. It's not always accurate, but it's fast, which is why it's used in conjunction with your higher reasoning (your actual thoughts).


Question: why do some ball-pens dry out so fast but others can be uncovered for years and still work fine?

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 why do some ball-pens dry out so fast but others can be uncovered for years and still work fine?

Because there are different types of inks put in to ball point pens. you have the standard issue Bic Crystal which uses a very dense and almost dry ink, it will go on forever uncapped without drying out, but in exchange it requires more force to write with. Then you have the gel ones which are softer to write with but at the expense of drying out a bit more. Then you have the liquid ink ones which will dry out easly but can use thinner tips and are much easier to write with. so depending on your taste, you can use a bic crystal which is cheap, rugged and hard to dry. Or something more refined like a Pilot G2 or a Uniball Signo which are a pleasure to write with but are more fragile and less resistant to drying out. If you´re a student and take care of your pens, for the health of your wrists and hands, i suggest you avoid BIC crystals.


Question: How is radium able to glow after getting exposed to light for some duration ?

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 How is radium able to glow after getting exposed to light for some duration ?

Radium doesn't require light exposure to glow. Radium is radioactive and the radiation it emits hits a phosphor which glows in visible light after getting hit by radiation. As it does this, it slowly reduces the amount of radium present, dimming the glow. Radium is not used in the modern day due to radiation hazards, and rather phosphors are used. When blue or UV light hits the phosphor, it modifies the molecules of the phosphor slightly, and they slowly revert to their original state. They release visible light as they revert.


Question: Do small people wear out their shoes faster because they take more steps or do large people because they weigh more?

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 Do small people wear out their shoes faster because they take more steps or do large people because they weigh more?

Larger people wear out shoes faster than smaller people, regardless of shoe size. Friction is independent of surface area when examining the wear and tear on shoe soles. The size doesn't matter as much as the weight of the person wearing them. For other items internally, like the cushion, or the stitching, those factor in the size of the person's foot. A heavier person on a small foot will wear out the cushion more quickly because their heel applies more force per area than a person with a larger foot of the same body weight. And the stitching has the same tensile strength regardless of the size of shoe or weight of person, so whichever combination provides the highest tension on the stitches will damage them most quickly. I'd say heavier people wear out shoes more quickly than smaller feet.


Question: How do sin, cos, tan and their reciprocals work with angles that are multiples of 90? It seems like the opposite and adjacent wouldn't even be a part of the problem, but that's not what the results say...

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 How do sin, cos, tan and their reciprocals work with angles that are multiples of 90? It seems like the opposite and adjacent wouldn't even be a part of the problem, but that's not what the results say...

[Here's an animation I did to explain sine and cosine]( URL_1 ). This is the main idea behind 90% of what you'll learn in trigonometry. Pick a unit circle. Move a dot around that circle at an angle & theta;, shown there in yellow. The sine of that angle in yellow is the vertical position of the point on the circle. The cosine of that angle is the horizontal position. Since this is a unit circle, you should be able to see why cos^2 θ + sin^2 θ = 1. Now, what about tangent? Tangent is better understood [like in this image]( URL_0 ). The tangent of an angle is the y coordinate where the line passing through the center of the circle and that moving dot crosses the vertical line x = 1. As you can see, when the angle is 90° the radial line will be pointing straight upwards, so it'll be parallel to that x = 1 line. The lines will never cross, so tangent is undefined at 90°. After 90° and towards 180°, the line from the center to the dot (which is infinite in both directions) will cross the x = 1 line below the x axis, so the tangent is negative. In that last image, you can also see that secant is the hypotenuse of the triangle 1^2 + tan^2 θ = sec^2 θ. This is also a very useful relationship you can get by dividing the entire equation cos^2 θ + sin^2 θ = 1 by cos^2 θ. Other manipulations will get you other relationships that may be useful. --- Now, if all of these made sense to you, with a little practice you can now spot these triangles everywhere, and you'll find a way to apply sine, cosine, tangent and secant whenever they appear. By the way, [these is another geometric interpretation]( URL_2 ) of tangent and secant, but I don't find them nearly as useful as the one I gave above. It's worth knowing about them, though.


Question: Where does innate shyness come from?

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 Where does innate shyness come from?

This is kind of a hard thing to address because personality traits can be genetically predisposed, environmentally activated, and socially learned. Let’s say little Jimmy is born with genes that say he’s going to be outgoing. If Jimmy were to be subject to abuse or neglect during his developmental periods, his body could actually disable these genes and reconfigure them to make him shy - this is an area of research called **epigenetics.** From a social standpoint, behaviors can also be learned through a psychological phenomenon called classic conditioning, which is how your brain learns to relate an unrelated thing to something more relevant to you - say, you’re a prisoner and someone brings you a meal every day, but this person has a distinct type of sound when they walk. You would eventually associate this sound with food. The same concept applies to behaviors. If you’re outgoing and you’re repeatedly belittled for it, or one **significant** negative response occurs, your brain will associate extroverted characteristics with that negative response. To sum it up in a more general way, anything psychological is also biological. Nurture (environment and social conditions) works on nature (genetic predispositions).


Question: why does slouching and bad posture feel so much better than good posture?

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 why does slouching and bad posture feel so much better than good posture?

Not always but it's usually because your muscles are not strong enough to hold your body in the proper position. So basically your muscles are getting tired holding yourself up and when they relax it feels good. In the long term however, your bones and joints will deteriorate and cause a lot of pain.


Question: How is complex analysis so useful in practical, real-life situations when the concept is so abstract?

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 How is complex analysis so useful in practical, real-life situations when the concept is so abstract?

In some sense all mathematics is abstract. As soon as you move away from naturals (1,2,3, etc) you run into trouble. The concept of -1 is also very abstract, for a very long time mathematicians didn't believe in negative numbers. But now everyone is totally fine with them, just look at the temperature scale! Complex numbers are no more abstract than negative numbers, you are just more used to negative numbers. Mathematics is a language of logic, which allows us to solve problems. The only rule really is that it has to be consistent. You should never run into the situation that adding a rule suddenly makes previous proofs wrong. It turns out that the rule, that √(-1) = i is perfectly consistent and breaks nothing. Why it is so useful is a tricky question because it is the same question as to why mathematics itself is so useful. That I don't know. Nobody knows. Some philosophers will make some claims, but they don't know either. It just IS useful, like almost all mathematics.


Question: why it's hard to escape from a forest fire, even if you are in a car?

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 why it's hard to escape from a forest fire, even if you are in a car?

Wild fires can be very, very fast. Many people underestimate just how fast a fire can spread. The other thing is that cars usually only go on roads and roads only go in a limited number of directions. Fire does not always come from a single direction it may circle around you without you noticing. If the road in front of you is blocked by fire and the one behind you too, than no speed in the world will safe you. In hilly regions like the one in Portugal you may end up with the additional problem that roads though mountains are seldom straight, if the fire doesn't circle around you then if you are really unlucky the road may circle back. There have been reports that the fire in Portugal today managed to advance as fast as 20 km in 10 minutes that works out as 120 km/h which is the speedlimit on highways in Portugal. Fires can be faster than people driving away from it in a car can go. If the road does not lead you directly away from the fire but at an angle to the direction the fire advances it gets even worse. If the fire advances somewhere else faster than it does behind you it may suddenly appear in front of you too. If your road doesn't lead you away from the fire you are in trouble. Fires can be fast and unpredictable even if you have a complete overview of what is going on. If you only have a ground level view of lots of smoke filled surroundings getting an accurate assessment of where to run can be hard and sometimes there is nowhere to run at all because everything is on fire.


Question: Why did people, historically, used to wear so many layers of clothes even in the summer?

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 Why did people, historically, used to wear so many layers of clothes even in the summer?

Protection. When you work outdoors in the summer, particularly when you are working in fields or brush you want to have long sleeved shirts of reasonably durable material to protect your arms from being scratched and to defend from sunburn. And yes people who work those kinds of jobs still wear that kind of clothing to this day. Additionally the same principles of trapping pockets of air as insulation help to keep you cool in extreme heat just like it does to keep you warm in extreme cold. The exact clothing chosen will be different but you still want layers. Desert dwelling peoples still dress in layers to this day. The inner most layer absorbs your sweat and wicks it away from your body, taking body heat with it and cooling you down. It then holds that moisture in a place that is not directly exposed to outside air or the sun but still exposed to some air allowing it to evaporate at a slower rate cooling you further but in a more controlled manner than a single layer of clothing would allow. This is why you should always wear an undershirt if you are working outdoors in the heat and why athletes wear a product called underarmor.


Question: If the centre of the earth is so hot, why does it not melt through the earth? Why is it so hot and what is keeping it going?

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 If the centre of the earth is so hot, why does it not melt through the earth? Why is it so hot and what is keeping it going?

Oh but it does. :) that’s why we have volcanoes and plate tectonics. Water cools off a lot of the free flowing magma in the oceans, and what comes up in volcanoes, well Im sure you know what happens there. It’s not that the process doesn’t happen, it’s that the earth has become so good at it that it’s almost unnoticeable


Question: What does the dot product mean in Linear Algebra? Why is it used in movement equations?

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 What does the dot product mean in Linear Algebra? Why is it used in movement equations?

The dot product takes two vectors and calculates how much they "lie on each other" or "how much they align." Two vectors at 90 degrees from one another will have a dot product of zero since they do not lie on each other at all, while other vectors are less so. More quantitatively, given two vectors A and B, the dot product is also a cheap way of calculating |A||B|cos(x) where x is the angle between the two vectors. Essentially calculating the value of cosine without actually calculating cosine turns out to be very useful in other aspects. It comes up in physics often because quantities tend to be conserved in the 3 dimensions, that is say for instance momentum is conserved along the x, y, and z directions. Having to calculate these components often involves the use of trigonometric functions, at which point the dot and cross products can help due to their inherent nature.


Question: Why does heat make the air wiggly?

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 Why does heat make the air wiggly?

When light goes from one medium to another, it experiences what is known as refraction. At the moment it passes from one to the other, it bends at an angle specific to that substance, that angle varies depending on density and what it is made of. This is why if you look at a pool of water, your perception of depth is really odd at shallow angles. When air is hot, it rises. That rising hot air mixes with cooler air just above it in a chaotic swirling mess. Light passes from hot, light air to cool, denser air over and over and over as it mixes. That makes it shimmer and wave


Question: How did humans first find the gasses on the periodic table we use today, and how did they go about collecting it?

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 How did humans first find the gasses on the periodic table we use today, and how did they go about collecting it?

Helium was first discovered by analyzing the spectrum of sunlight. That's why it's named after Helios the sun. It was thought that it only existed on the sun until they were doing checks on the spectrum going through different gases that came up from the earth and they discovered that the same lines appeared as what appeared in the sun.


Question: Why does 24 FPS look fine for films and television, but looks terrible for video games?

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 Why does 24 FPS look fine for films and television, but looks terrible for video games?

Movie frames are formed by a camera with an aperture being open for a period of time. This means there is “motion blur” as things move across the frame while the shutter is open. In contrast the computer is calculating a single instant in time. There is no movement so everything is crisp and clear, but on the other hand changes between each frame are somewhat more abrupt than merging the ends of a blurred object’s path. So the lower frame rate actually has frames with more information in them as they capture a period of time, albeit blurred, while the computer’s frames are crisp snapshots without any movement information.


Question: Why did Esperanto fail to be an international language despite being very easy?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why did Esperanto fail to be an international language despite being very easy?

Esperanto is quite easy to learn \*for Europeans\*. It's not much easier to learn for folks coming from Asia, Africa, India... IE, most people. Plus, it's always going to be hard to just jumpstart a language that no one speaks. Humans learn language best by learning from native speakers as children. Esperanto had no native speakers.


Question: How is it a Full Moon tomorrow (at least where I'm at), but 99.6% illuminated compared to 99.8% illuminated the next night?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is it a Full Moon tomorrow (at least where I'm at), but 99.6% illuminated compared to 99.8% illuminated the next night?

The full moon is on January 28 at 19:16 UTC. What time it is for you depend on your local time zone. The full moon is at the same moment for any location on earth. The app you use is likely correct but hides some information from you. Because the illumination of the moon changes during the day it has to pick some time or calculate an average illumination for that day. It could also be something like the illumination when it is higher in the sky for you or the average value in the sky. So it is not unreasonable that some definitions like that result in slightly more lunar illumination the day after the full moon. If the used value is the illumination for the start of the day then if the full moon is after 12:00 is should be larger at the start of the next day. I would use [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 ) for moon data and it shows a small difference in illumination depending on where you are on earth. I found values from 99.2 to 99,4% right now.


Question: Why does it seem like less people are interested in working now than 10 years and even 20 years ago?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does it seem like less people are interested in working now than 10 years and even 20 years ago?

I'm not sure this is *that* new an attitude, more a longtime dream getting realized bit by bit. If you look back at a lot of mid-century "here comes the future!" art, there's lots of time to relax as robots do all the work. George Jetson was a low man on the totem pole at his company and *still* only needed to push buttons to get his work done. This was in the 60s where the US still had plenty of hands-on manufacturing jobs. Tech is starting to catch up with the concept.


Question: How do US Businesses like Apple affect the trade balance when its products are produced abroad?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do US Businesses like Apple affect the trade balance when its products are produced abroad?

Trade deficits are about as useful to characterize a nation's economic well-being as it is trying to determine a person's identity from a shadow. It only provides the broad outline. A massive trade deficit can be the result of over-consumption and/or under-production rather than purely antagonistic practices. If the latter were true, why would we (the US) ever enter into such an agreement in the first place? Consider the following: 1. Over-consumption. The reality is, much of the trade imbalance comes from the fact that the US has the highest gross consumption of products anywhere in the world and has the 2nd highest per capita expense (after the UAE, IIRC). It should be no surprise that the world's largest (in terms of gross size) market has a trade imbalance. For comparison, the average American saves less than 3% of their total income, compared to a country like China where the average savings rate is over 30%. Other countries are financing American spending by providing low cost of goods to meet our demands. **Example:** The average American has more than two cars and at least one firearm (per capita basis). In order to be able to buy and own these products at these rates, products from other countries have to flow in to meet the demand. Not everyone drives a Mustang and a F-150 with a AR-15 on the bed. 2. Under-production. A mature, service-based economy such as the US greatly under-produces compared to a quickly developing one such as India or China. It is simply the nature of business in the service industry. Also, high tech sectors often have to use high cost of goods to manufacture high tech products with decent quality. The relative unprofitability of a manufacturing based industry is not as attractive to US companies when they can simply import those goods (having foreign firms compete for the contracts), assemble those goods, and sell the final products in various global markets within those markets themselves. That way they can minimize expenditures on the raw materials while maximizing profits. **Example:** Ford sources materials from around the world, taking bidders on all sorts of contracts. Forcing those contracts to come from domestic sources via tariffs hurts the company in terms of their choice of suppliers and the increase in cost of goods. 3. High cost of domestic goods sold in foreign markets. So what about the other side of the issue? What about the export of American goods? It works in reverse as well, something that few people pause to consider. **Example:** Trump's claim that India has a 100% tariff on the US. Not sure what this actually means, but in reality, the cost of goods that are produced in the US makes them extremely over-valued in developing markets where the cost of living is substantially lower. Imagine a bottle of water produced in the US, why would you pay its full value in Rupees when you can get a cheaper form of it in India as an Indian? Either the product just will not sell in India or the Indian government has to eat that cost by **not** levying a tariff. 4. The real answer is that companies, meaning the specific entities, simply do not care about trade balances. They do not owe allegiance to any flag, they only are beholden to their stakeholders. In reality, the trade imbalance can be explained in many ways. Arguing that a trade imbalance somehow hurts a nation is widely misleading. The small amount of domestic jobs a protectionist tariff could create often pales in comparison to the wider issue of over-consumption and under-production of marketable goods. In reality, it only serves as the outline of trade relations between two nations. TL;DR: Rich nations that like to buy a lot of things need other nations to make up for the demand, thereby often leading to trade imbalances. Companies do not care, they are just out to make profits.


Question: Why Science hasn't been able to find out the reason of other human species going extinct and only we homo sapiens surviving?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why Science hasn't been able to find out the reason of other human species going extinct and only we homo sapiens surviving?

Scientist really only know the reason behind extinctions that took place during mass extinctions because they are linked to a few or a single major cause and are catastrophic and more easily recognized. We know how the dinosaurs went extinct because we can link it to an asteroid impact 65 million years ago. In the case of our fellow human species, it is likely less of a sudden event and rather a series of gradual declines. There can be many wide and far reaching reasons for these declines so it is hard to come up with one central "this is why" answer.


Question: Why are fruit and vegetables mostly round?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are fruit and vegetables mostly round?

Because it's the best form optimize content using as less surface as possible! A plant will try to put as much feeding material (either to feed the seed or hoping than an animal will eat it and transport the seed). That is also why teapot are usually round : more tea inside and less contact with exterior world leads to less heat loss!


Question: What is and how does International Law work?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is and how does International Law work?

International "law" is a set of standards, norms and treaties agreed upon by various countries. It is not an actual law per se as there is no body that can enforce it. At most, a country can decide that another country has violated international laws and take measures against it, from refusing trade, making sanctions, and in the worst case, war. Compare it to kids playing soccer in the playground. If one of the kids refuses to play by the rules, the rest of the kids don't have the "legal" means to punish that kid, but they can simply refuse to play with them.


Question: What does a “strong dollar” mean, and is it bad?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does a “strong dollar” mean, and is it bad?

It depends on whether you're an importer or an exporter to your country. The strength of your currency means its relative value with others. For example, a "strong" Canadian dollar is one closer to $1 parity with US dollars. A weak one (like right now) is $0.75. As an importer, a strong dollar is great because YOUR dollar is worth more in THEIR dollars which mean the things you buy overseas are cheaper in $USD for you. You get your imports cheaper. As an exporter, the reverse: now your foreign customers can buy less of your product because their currency isn't worth as much as yours. Or they have to pay more to buy the same things, either way they're not making as much money.


Question: What's that weird pain between eyebrows when a finger/pen is hovered over?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's that weird pain between eyebrows when a finger/pen is hovered over?

I'm not sure what you mean, are you referring to when you follow the finger/pen with your eyes and go cross-eyed? If so I believe it's as simple as the fact that the eye muscles are not used to moving in that way, and so it strains them rather quickly compared to the normal everyday movements


Question: Video game developers sometimes keep a game (like Bloodborne) exclusive to a single console because of a deal with their publisher. How does this type of deal even come close to making up for all the lost sales missed out on because the game wasn't released on all popular platforms?

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 Video game developers sometimes keep a game (like Bloodborne) exclusive to a single console because of a deal with their publisher. How does this type of deal even come close to making up for all the lost sales missed out on because the game wasn't released on all popular platforms?

There's several reasons a game may come out on only one console: 1) The studio making the game is owned by that party. Sony owns several studios, probably isnt keen on money they spent making a game going towards Microsoft or Nintendo for it to be on their console. Same for the other two. Often times the games that you find that _are_ multi-platform are from 3rd party developers who arent owned by one of the major three. 2) For some 3rd party developers, the exclusivity to one console is due to that 1st party helping pay for some of the development costs or giving a better deal on the split of profits per sale due to licensing on their console. 3) Some 3rd party developers, like EA, simply choose not to developer for certain platforms, such as when they dropped Nintendo as a platform to release on, due to considering that platform not worth it. EA did this with the end of the Wii, all of the WiiU, and is still slow to fully support the Switch. There's also the case to be made with the amount of developers choosing the PS4 over the XB1 due to the XB1 console sales lagging behind.


Question: When watches/clocks were made, how people knew how to measure the mechanism to a second/minute/hour?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 When watches/clocks were made, how people knew how to measure the mechanism to a second/minute/hour?

At first they only had hours, which can be accurately measured by a sundial. Then hourglasses, where you could measure how much sand flowed through a narrow opening in an hour. By dividing the sand into two equal halves, or weighing the sand on a scale, you could determine how much sand was 1/2 hour or 1/10 hour and so on. Then you could make pendulums and count how many times they swing per 1/10 hour, breaking it down further.


Question: Why is isolationism bad for the United States?

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</answer>
 Why is isolationism bad for the United States?

Assuming you mean isolation with respect to trade, two points come to mind. 1. Comparitave Advantage- Some countries are better at certain things than other things. To keep it simple, let's say the French are really good at making wine, while the Japanese are really good at making flat screen televisions. With isolationism, the French get good wine and crappy/expensive televisions, and vice versa. If the French traded some of their wine with Japan for televisions, everyone gets good wine and good television. Now imagine this with every product imaginable. Everyone gets the best of everything. 2. Interdependency- If a country is isolated, it has nothing to lose by being a dick to other countries. Because North Korea doesn't trade with the US, they can be as bothersome as they like. China, on the other hand, trades a great deal with the US. If the US and China were to become actively aggressive with each other, both countries would be hurt economically. In short, since the US makes a lot of money trading with China and Russia, we'd rather not attack them. This could probably be formatted better, but I'm on mobile.


Question: How does google get away with practically ripping off Microsoft with google docs? They even use the same command names. (i.e. Pivot Tables)

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 How does google get away with practically ripping off Microsoft with google docs? They even use the same command names. (i.e. Pivot Tables)

This was litigated in the early years of the software industry. Basically the courts ruled that it would be crazy to have patents apply to things like menu structure and function names since it would place a huge burden on users who would have to learn completely from scratch anytime they used a different company's software. Likewise, the idea of a spreadsheet or a word processor is too broad to be patented. Google couldn't just take the code that, say, allows excel to build a frequency table, but they could definitely write code that did the same thing themselves.


Question: How exactly do our muscle fibres tense?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 How exactly do our muscle fibres tense?

On a molecular level, your muscles are made of fibers of proteins called actin and myosin (among other things). These fibers are arranged sort of parallel-ish, and when the muscle activates they start climbing past each other--think velcro, if it could move like a starfish. When they climb past each other, the entire fiber gets shorter--and thus, so does the muscle, which is what tensing is. When the muscle releases, they let go and can slide back to their relaxed state.


Question: Are all calories counted equal?

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 Are all calories counted equal?

Short answer: no they are not all counted equal Longer answer: both chips and coconut meat are low in protein so both people would be extremely deficient in protein and would probably have similar body types in the sense that they would have low muscle mass. However the person who ate coconut chunks would probably be much healthier because coconut meat is actually very good for you and it has a lot of minerals and vitamin B. However it does not have a complete vitamin profile so the person eating coconut would be deficient in vitamins, although not as deficient as the person who eats chips. Coconut also has a lot of antioxidants, whereas chips tend to be the opposite and they’re more inflammatory The person who eats coconut would be healthier and probably live longer but they would both be unhealthy in the long run


Question: Why is it almost impossible to “decompile” executable (.exe) files to reveal the package contents?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it almost impossible to “decompile” executable (.exe) files to reveal the package contents?

Executable files are made of machine code, which is translated (assembled) from a family of programming languages called assembly. It is (usually) possible to reverse the process (disassembling) and get the same assembly code back, because the assembling process is (usually) lossless. Assembly code and machine code are very simple (relatively speaking) - there are no variables beyond a set of registers that are used and reused throughout the program for various purposes, and access to main memory. Most programs are not written in assembly code. Instead, they are written in higher-level languages that have fancy things like variables, flow control, loops, comments, and multiple files. When these programs are compiled to assembly, a lot of information in the original program is lost, like variable names, because assembly doesn't have a way of representing that information. If you want to reverse the process, you need to output that lost information elsewhere (like a file of debugging information that maps generated assembly code to the original source code), or deal with a translation with generated variable names and a very simple representation of the program logic. It's like trying to translate a sentence through a series of languages and back to the original - information is going to get lost because of differences between the languages. However, a decompiled program should still have the same function as the compiled executable, since programming languages aren't subject to as many nuances as human languages.


Question: how non-dentist teeth whitening methods such as gels and LED lights work and are they safe?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 how non-dentist teeth whitening methods such as gels and LED lights work and are they safe?

I am not a dentist, but I work in the dental field. Your teeth have layers. The outermost layer is called enamel which is a hard material that protects other layers from tooth sensitivity and decay. Generally speaking, teeth whitening is a process that removes a very thin layer of stained enamel, regardless of the method used to whiten the teeth. You need enamel to protect your teeth. But to answer your question, is it safe? If you do not whiten your teeth more than the recommended frequency for whatever method you use \(and only use one method at a time\), then it is relatively safe. If you have tooth sensitivity, are prone to cavities or are able to see through your teeth when you hold a light to them, teeth whitening is probably not for your. Edit: I went to the HiSmile website and the product claims to whiten teeth "with no damage to enamel." While you might not technically be "damaging" your enamel, you are still removing a very thin layer. I suppose that's up to the consumer to decide if removing enamel falls under the same category as "damaging." Edit2: If your teeth are capped/crowned/veneered, no tooth whitening product will whiten that material.


Question: How does being married result in the married partners receiving more returned income tax?

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 How does being married result in the married partners receiving more returned income tax?

No one seems to remember that despite all the messed up shit our government does, we're still a democracy and the government is supposed to do what the voters want. Married couples receive tax breaks because married people want tax breaks and vote for people who make that happen. Partially it's a holdover from when women were expected to be homemakers instead of workers, but you still can't get far as a legislator if you're perceived as "anti-family." I swear the problem with politics today is that so many people perceive government as an adversary instead of an instrument of their will.


Question: Why does x/0 not equal ∞?

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 Why does x/0 not equal ∞?

Think of it like this. When you're dividing something, you're asking a question. When you see "1 / 2 = 0.5," you're seeing the question "If you take one and cut it into 2 pieces, how big is each piece? It's 0.5 the size of the original piece." Likewise, "1 / 10 = 0.1" means "if you take 1 and cut it into 10 pieces, each piece is 0.1 times the size of the original." Now, taking 1 / 0... how do you do that? How do you take 1 thing and cut it into 0 pieces? You can't do that, the question doesn't make sense. Flipping it around and applying algebra, if: x/0 = ∞, then x = 0 * ∞. But anything times 0 is just 0, so... x = 0? Clearly not, but that's the way the math works. So that's got to be wrong, too.


Question: How would a country prepare for inflation and how do they keep the value of their money from crashing once they receive said money?

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 How would a country prepare for inflation and how do they keep the value of their money from crashing once they receive said money?

Currency is a representation of wealth that make is easier to trade. So you have a supply and demand where demand is the wealth, because the more wealth we have the more we want to trade, and currency is the supply because we need it to trade. So if you increase your currency, that mean there is more supply than demand, so the value of your currency decrease that's inflation. Today we have a central bank that control the flow of new money to keep some balance between the wealth and the currency of the country. But in the past the currency was silver and gold so when the Spanish discovered a mountain full of silver, people were just happy, mined the silver and used it as currency, which increase the supply by a lot, which decrease the value of currency drastically aka high inflation. The spanish governement to be prepared for the inflation should have controlled the quantity of silver injected in the economy, to not flood the market. It's the same thing if a country today would start to print currency like crazy, this would drop the value of the currency aka inflation.


Question: How does Hawking radiation work?

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 How does Hawking radiation work?

On the event horizon of a black hole, a particle and an anti particle pair form (as happens everywhere). These particles normally fade out of existence, but the immense gravity of a black hole gives them enough energy to stay. Since the black hole shed it's energy to create the particle pair, if one particle escapes, the black hole loses energy (mass). The event horizon is the one place this can happen, since anywhere closer and the black hole will always absorb both particles. Anywhere farther, and there will not be enough energy to create the particles


Question: Can you get knocked out while sleeping?

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 Can you get knocked out while sleeping?

Yes. Being asleep is a different brain state than unconsciousness. If you suffered sufficient injury to the brain you could be knocked out despite being asleep. It might take a while for anyone to notice you weren't waking up, but once you received medical attention, the doctors would know you weren't just sleeping.


Question: What is the difference between odds and probability?

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 What is the difference between odds and probability?

TLDR: 1 in 6 chance = probability of 1/6 = 5:1 odds. The long version: There is no fundamental difference. The two words refer to broadly the same concept. The only gotcha is that different people use different names and different notation. The most common thing I see in informal contexts is, I think, "There's an x in y chance this will happen". E.g. "There's a 1 in 6 chance you'll roll a six on a die." In a mathematical context, you'll almost always call it "probability", and represent it as a single number: Either a percentage (usually for laypeople) "There's a 16.6(6)% probability of rolling a six on a die", or as a number from 0 to 1 (in more technical contexts): "There's a probability of 1/6 of rolling a six on a die". Note how I didn't write a probability of 0.1666 (equivalent to the percentage). Mathematicians are a precise bunch, and nobody would say a probability of 0.16 when you can write it precisely as 1/6. Finally, odds is a term most often used in gambling or by gamblers, and usually comes in the form of a ratio, in the form failures:successes, so e.g. "5:1 odds against rolling a six on a die" — five failures (1,2,3,4,5) to one success (6). The gotcha here is that odds in this sense is often used interchangeably with the odds in a bookmaking sense: the payout. 5:1 odds means that, on a bet of $10, you win $50 (so take home $60). Because the house wants to make money, the (payout) odds are usually worse than the (probability) odds: Rolling a six might be a 5:1 event, but it'll earn you 4.9:1 from a bookkeeper.


Question: Why is there often on music festivals an (identical) second row of bass speakers behind the first one and how does ist work?

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 Why is there often on music festivals an (identical) second row of bass speakers behind the first one and how does ist work?

Yes, they can cancel noise output to the rear of the subs. Subs make noise in all directions and can make the stage very loud. It's also beneficial to the subwoofer arrays efficiency if the energy is directed to the audience and not wasted going backwards or sideways. There are a few videos on YouTube, and the term to search for are "cardioid sub array" "steerable array" etc. Here's an example URL_0


Question: If the goal of life is the succession of genes, why do some animals eat their offspring?

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 If the goal of life is the succession of genes, why do some animals eat their offspring?

This happens more in captivity than it does in the wild. Fish and reptiles will sometimes eat their offspring because they're not really "parenting" animals. Once the eggs have hatched and the offspring dispersed, the mother doesn't have a brain sophisticated enough to identify her young from any other prey species, and they better stay clear. It's not ideal, but these animals produce a large number of low-effort eggs under the assumption that most will die. Mammals and birds are generally better parents, but will still sometimes kill some of their offspring if they believe that there is insufficient resources to raise all of them - it's better to raise two strong babies than four starved ones. This is not the case in captivity of course, but the artificially small size of their habitats play weird games with animal's instincts and can cause this to happen at a high rate. Animals with rigid social hierarchies like wolves and lions and gorillas will often kill *other* group members' infants if that member is of lesser status. That ensures *their* infants get the best resource access.


Question: What was the original motivation behind the F-35 program that would have justified how much it's been funded?

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 What was the original motivation behind the F-35 program that would have justified how much it's been funded?

Jets have a limited lifespan; as they fly and pull Gs, heat up and cool down, their materials eventually fatigue, crack and break. The F-16, Harrier, A-10 and F/A-18C/D are all approaching their use-by dates. The F-16 in particular is the main jet of the USAF, the F/A-18C/D makes up half the Navy / Marine air combat fleet and the Harrier is the only jet that can operate off Marine Corps LHDs / LHAs. In addition, Russia, China, Iran, North Korea, etc have continued to develop new weaponry (tanks, jets, air defences, etc). Sure, the US is not at war with either, but militaries are designed to fight the wars you can't afford to lose. That means you're just wasting money if you intend to buy more of the same old aircraft. A big factor in all of this is that it takes a long time to develop a modern fighter - the first US jet fighter took < 18 months to go from concept to flying. A modern fighter (F-22, F-35, Typhoon, Rafale, PAK-FA, J-20, etc) takes about 20 years to go from concept to in service. To just manufacture an already-designed fighter takes about 2 or 3 years. Combine that with the expectations that a near-pear war (eg NATO vs Russia or China) would be a lot quicker than WW2, and also the fact that the supply chains of these jets reach around the world, and you end up with a situation where if you're going to fight a war, you're only going to be able to fight it with what you already have. In the case of the Joint Strike Fighter (F-35), the US is building a "5th generation" (same as the F-22) strike fighter that provides qualitative (it's been getting > 20:1 kill ratios against F-15s and F-16s) and quantitative (the US + allies are buying > 3000 F-35s; that's more than Russia and China's fighters combined) advantage to ensure that the US / NATO can control the skies and win any conventional war. If you're thinking about nukes at this point, you have to understand that the understanding of the global and military effects of nuclear weapons today is much different to what it was 30 years ago / during the Cold War. The Soviet Union believed that after they and the United States exchanged nuclear missiles and bombs, that they'd be able to have a considerable number of forces survive, with those forces then being sent out across Europe to try and conquer as much as possible. Today we're aware how unrealistic that scenario is and so even if WW3 broke out, there's a decent chance that nuclear weapons would be used in a more sparing fashion, if at all (look up NUTS - Nuclear Utilisation Target Selection). If you're Vladimir Putin, etc, you'd probably like to retain the option of having you and your family escape to some secluded island or 3rd world country without worrying about radiation and dramatic climate change destroying your hope of survival.


Question: How do we know the current date is correct and that no days/years were skipped?

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 How do we know the current date is correct and that no days/years were skipped?

heyyyy, because of the patterns of the earth's rotation around the sun we are able to tell our position relative to the other planets, stars, etc. More or less it makes a complicated but sure method of determining time and location. As far as evidence you would have to refer to astronomer's, but in short the answer is no way to link it all back to year one by direct scientific observation.


Question: Why are trade agreements important? Who is trading and what does a surplus or deficit actually mean to the average person on the street? Is there a concept of lost money here?

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 Why are trade agreements important? Who is trading and what does a surplus or deficit actually mean to the average person on the street? Is there a concept of lost money here?

Countries establish tariffs and quotas on imports to protect certain industries. Trade deals give certain countries an exemption to some tariffs in exchange for those countries doing the same thing, though not necessarily on the same items. A trade deficit doesn't really mean much to the average person, and even among economists, there's some debate about whether it's really a big deal.