Question: how audiobooks are similar/different to traditional reading when it comes to the benefits to the brain?

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 how audiobooks are similar/different to traditional reading when it comes to the benefits to the brain?

Reading with our eyes uses up more effort from our brains so we can visualize the story better when it’s read to us. It could also help us with building vocabulary because you’re kind of forced to hear the new words rather than skip over them as some us might. My source might be biased as it’s a company that specializes in selling audiobooks, but librarians (aka literacy experts) all over the world are advocating for audiobooks as well! [source ]( URL_0 )


Question: how do the fed rate hikes impact mortgage rates? And how in turn will that impact the housing market?

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 how do the fed rate hikes impact mortgage rates? And how in turn will that impact the housing market?

It is a very small rate hike. However, banks will certainly pass that hike on to consumers. Interest rates are at unrealistic lows, the chance of them going lower in the next few decades is very, very small. Now i a better time to buy a house that next year. [This graph]( URL_0 ) shows that fed rates are generally between 2% and 6%. We're no where need where we need to be. [This chart of mortgage rates over the last 200 years]( URL_1 ) shows that we're at the very low edge of long term normal, way below normal over the last 50 years.


Question: how can laptops fit over 1tb of storage and 16gb of ram in a tiny chill while PCs need massive ram sticks and often large SSDs? Why isn’t PC ram as small?

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 how can laptops fit over 1tb of storage and 16gb of ram in a tiny chill while PCs need massive ram sticks and often large SSDs? Why isn’t PC ram as small?

The main reasons why PCs are larger are ease of access and cooling. Cooling is very important to improve performance and durability. If you make everything small and cram it into a small space, you can’t have good cooling so the system will have to slow down as it heats up. The bigger your RAM stick is, the faster it can dissipate heat. The more space you have between your parts, the more airflow and cooling you get.


Question: Why are radians the unit of choice for angles?

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 Why are radians the unit of choice for angles?

Radians are the most natural unit when you're doing calculus. Certain operations in calculus end up creating a relationship between an angle and a length. These relationships need some sort of constant of conversion between angle and distance in order to work out correctly. But if you can make your unit of conversion the unitless number 1, then it disappears from all the equations and your life is much more simple. If you choose that value for your constant, then your measure of angles is radians. As an example, you can use a Taylor Series to approximate the sine function. This is important, because this is how computers actually calculate sine. If your angle is radians, then you end up with: sin(x) = x - x^(3)/3! + x^(5)/5! - x^(7)/7! + ... Look how neat and symmetric that is! If x is some unit other than radians, you end up with a godawful spaghetti mess of constants.


Question: How are compounds made? Does chlorine and sodium just touch and make NaCl? What about H2O?

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 How are compounds made? Does chlorine and sodium just touch and make NaCl? What about H2O?

Sodium metal and chlorine gas will indeed react violently upon contact to form NaCl. Both are highly reactive on their own. Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas will *not* though, and need an initial heat input to start the reaction. Once initiated though, it'll finish off an entire zeppelin in seconds. There are a lot of different combustion-type reactions that generate water as a product. The field of "reaction kinetics" studies the actual physical mechanics of how chemical processes occur. The methods and speeds are extremely variable, from the explodes-on-contact sodium chloride violence to the painstakingly slow formation of diamonds from carbon under immense heat and pressure. Some are complex multi-stage reactions, some are simple ion swaps. There's really endless variance in chemistry.


Question: How exactly does sleep replenish our energy and how is it different/better than things such as coffee and energy drinks? Why do we need 8 hours of it?

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 How exactly does sleep replenish our energy and how is it different/better than things such as coffee and energy drinks? Why do we need 8 hours of it?

There is still quite a lot we don't understand about sleep and what roles it plays in mental and physical health. One of the main reasons we feel tired is because of a hormone that builds up in our brains during waking hours, once enough builds up, it triggers our desire for sleep. We know sleep is necessary for a great deal of neurological housekeeping, breaking down harmful proteins and plaque buildups. And for breaking down unused, and strengthening used, synaptic pathways (the things that let the different parts of our brain communicate). As for its affect on energy, I don't know any studies regarding that, but I haven't looked for them. Regarding caffeine: Caffeine is a wonderful addictive compound that, when ingested, can actually increase your heart rate. The extra blood moving through your body means your brain and body get a shot of extra energy, at least until you metabolize all the caffeine and crash. Caffeine should NOT be used as an alternative to sleep. In fact, using that much caffeine and not sleeping for an extended period can both lead to health problems. And, because of the neurological housekeeping I mention above, staying awake with caffeine instead of sleeping means that your brain will stop working well surpsingly quickly, and all of the logical decision making and problem solving capabilities that make you an effective human will go out the window.


Question: Why is the CIA considered so powerful? Why are there internet(?) rumors that the CIA kills people? Are there basis for these things?

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 Why is the CIA considered so powerful? Why are there internet(?) rumors that the CIA kills people? Are there basis for these things?

The CIA has a huge budget and has been working to serve US interests around the world for over 70 years. There is plenty of evidence that they have been involved in spying, killings, torture etc. It's pretty much the reason why they exist. To project US power and influence while gathering information in foreign countries. URL_0


Question: What are the advantages of buying debts? What does it mean?

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 What are the advantages of buying debts? What does it mean?

You're not buying the debt, so much as buying the right to collect the debt. As for the advantages, most debts that get sold -- namely bonds and mortgage loans -- have very long repayment periods. If I'm a bank and make a 30-year $100,000 loan at 5% interest, I'll collect something along the lines of $200,000 over the life of the loan. That's great, but it'll take me 20-30 years to see all that money, assuming you even repay the loan at all. So what I do is "sell" the loan to someone else for, say $110,000. That gives me a $10,000 profit today and gets the risk off my books while the person I sell it to stands to make $90,000 profit over the next 30 years in exchange for taking on the risk of your not repaying the debt.


Question: Why does taking a band aid off quickly hurt less than taking it off slowly?

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 Why does taking a band aid off quickly hurt less than taking it off slowly?

* Good old physics, Force = mass X acceleration. * Ripping it off quickly imparts a larger force than slowly. * This force is enough to overwhelm the gripping strength of the glue holding it on. * If you do it slowly, the force is not enough to overwhelm the glue so instead of it popping of, it stretches out the skin until the skin releases which is more painful.


Question: What’s the difference between .com .net and .org?

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 What’s the difference between .com .net and .org?

When you buy a domain like URL_0 , someone is responsible for that .com portion. That is called a top level domain. Plenty of people resell them, but one company is ultimately responsible as the authority on them. The original TLD's like .com, .net, .org, etc., were originally administered by the US Department of Defence. They had ideas then about who could register what, such as .org being reserved for not-for-profit's. In today's Internet, most of those TLD's are owned by for-profit companies now. Some are still owned by groups that restrict how they're used (such as .edu), or are still owned by governments (.gov, .mil) that don't give them away. Restrictions will vary from TLD to TLD.


Question: What Happens where Predators eat body parts of animals that contain large dose of Venom, like the head of a Snake or the tail of a Scorpion?

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 What Happens where Predators eat body parts of animals that contain large dose of Venom, like the head of a Snake or the tail of a Scorpion?

If the venom doesn't get stabbed into the bloodstream, then it will seem like nothing happened, and the predator will be OK. But what really happens is pretty neat. Putting something in your mouth and then swallowing it is ALWAYS safer than poking it into your bloodstream. Just like humans, many predators have a whole line of "digesters" that can make things safer to eat. First, there is spit - chewing and mixing with spit is important for digestion because it helps make big chunks smaller, it helps smaller chunks slide down into the stomach, and the spit helps some things start to dissolve. If you are chewing a venomous animal, there is a good chance that the chewing will burst the tissues where the venom is stored - that makes it less likely that the fangs or stingers can actually inject the venom. Once the venomous parts get into the stomach, the acids within the stomach are often strong enough to "de-nature" many venom proteins. "De-nature" basically means it changes shape to that it doesn't react the same way that it would have. Then other enzymes begin to break everything down into even smaller chemical bits. Those small chemical bits are mostly turned into new proteins that you need to rebuild your own cells, or energy that helps you move. So eating venomous animals is not a super idea, because there are some risks of the venom getting through your skin (or digestive tract lining) but the venom itself is usually not dangerous to digest. On the other hand, if you inject beef stew into your bloodstream, you could get very sick. EDIT: I'm forced to amend my dangerous comments, as follows - 1) Putting something in your mouth and then swallowing it is ALMOST ALWAYS safer than poking it into your bloodstream. If a doctor tells you otherwise, listen to your doctor. 2) Don't eat sacks of venom and don't inject things into yourself. EVER. If a doctor tells you otherwise, listen to your doctor. 3) Putting things in your butt is not quite the same as eating. But it is ALMOST ALWAYS safer to put something in your butt than it is to inject it. If a doctor tells you otherwise, listen to your doctor. 4) If you aren't sure whether to eat something, put it in your butt, or inject it, move on to something you are more familiar with. 5) I'm really surprised there weren't many responses talking about scorpions. They are good examples of animal magnetism in this crazy world.


Question: Why is a cashless society a bad thing?

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 Why is a cashless society a bad thing?

Electronic payment is easily traced and would give the banks, credit card companies, etc 100% visibility into every transaction every person makes ever if we went completely cashless. You can't buy anything without it being recorded and saved somewhere, then an analytics bot going through it to see what kind of life you live. And your bank knows who you are; you're not just an anonymous numbered individual - they know your name and address. Cash is the option to make purchases off the record, and cashless society takes that option away.


Question: Why do stocks exist, who created the concept, it just seems like an extra feature for a company with no benefit to them?

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 Why do stocks exist, who created the concept, it just seems like an extra feature for a company with no benefit to them?

Stockholders are the owners of the company. Each stock represents a share of the ownership of the company. If you want to start a company or if you want to expand the company you need money. To get this money the company will issue shares. To get these shares the investors will pay the company some money. They are then free to buy and sell those shares as they want. Whenever the company end up with a surpluss of money they have to give these to the shareholders as dividend. Shareholders can also be able to vote on who should be on the board, who to hire as CEO and other important positions within the company and what the future strategy of the company should be. So the shareholders is having a key role in the company.


Question: A vast majority of cords and cables are black. Why?

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 A vast majority of cords and cables are black. Why?

There are several reasons for this. Black is usually a color that can be hard to spot. So no matter the color of the surrounding area it is safe to use black to hide the cable. The best is of course to have the cable in the same color as the surrounding area. Secondly a lot of plastic include bromide as a fire retardant in order to comply with fire safety guidelines. But bromide tends to turn yellow when it is exposed to light over a long time. But with black you do not see that the plastic changes color. And finally plastic degrades when exposed to strong UV light. However the black color prevents the light from penetrating into the plastic. So any cables that might be exposed to sunlight needs to be black in order to not get damaged.


Question: How does the eye-sight-measuring machine at the glasses shop actually give you the exact number of your eyesight?

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 How does the eye-sight-measuring machine at the glasses shop actually give you the exact number of your eyesight?

Lenses work both ways. The machine is basically getting a camera trained on your retina and then ‘auto-focusing’ until it sees a clear image of your retina. Software then calculates the properties of your lens based on the amount of focusing it required to get that clear picture of your retina.


Question: How does file compression work?

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 How does file compression work?

Some files have patterns in them. The compression tool looks through the file and finds the patterns. Then it makes a new file with one copy of the patterns, followed by the rest of the file including a marker for "pattern 1 goes here" or "pattern 5 goes here". Since the markers are smaller than the patterns, and some file have a very large number of certain patterns, the compressed format of the file can be much smaller. Some files don't compress well, and the compression doesn't make them any smaller. Above I've discussed lossless compression, where no information is destroyed. There are other approaches used to compress sounds or images, that also lose some less significant information, but those operations are not lossless.


Question: Why is it so hard to develop a cure/treatment for prions?

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</answer>
 Why is it so hard to develop a cure/treatment for prions?

There are a couple problems, the first being that, as far as biological things go, they're tiny. [Here's a good visual guide]( URL_0 ). Viruses themselves are pretty tiny little things, being basically just the viral RNA/DNA and a protein shell. It's hard to study something like a prion and manipulate them because they're so small, and so complex. We don't know how proteins fold *normally*, much less how they fold wrongly to form proteins. We don't know why, exactly, a healthy protein interacting with a prion will change shape to match the prion, except that prions seem to be in a lower energy state (kind of like a domino pushing another domino over, except not really). We can't stop your body from making them because we don't know why your body is making them. The other problem is that, superficially, they resemble normal proteins to everything in your body that detects foreign invaders and problematic molecules. Your body doesn't attack them because your body can't tell the difference between the prion and a normal protein. With viruses it's "easy" (not really, science is just awesome) to get your body to recognize it as an invader because it's covered in antigens that your body can remember, and your body doesn't have those antigens so it won't have to fight itself. With a prion, you have to teach the body to recognize the prion as foreign *without* also recognizing good proteins as foreign. What antigens are found on the prion that aren't found on the healthy protein? How can you get the body to attack those antigens instead of ignoring them? Further problems: normal cooking temperatures are not high enough to denature (unfold) prions. Cooking your food can destroy most bacteria and most viruses, and it usually partially denatures proteins. But prions are tough, and will not typically denature unless you subject them to very high heat for a long time - enough to make your food not...really edible anymore. Remember, prions *aren't alive*. Even viruses are somewhat complicated little machines that pretend to act like life. Killing a bacteria is like making a car stop working - there's a lot you can do to it. You don't even have to know how the car works, just shoot holes in it and eventually it'll stop working. Killing a virus is like making a car without an engine stop working even when you give it an engine - harder, but still a lot you can do to make it sit still. Killing a prion is like making the wheel stop being a wheel, except the wheel is microscopic and you don't even know how it works in the first place. Detecting them is next to impossible. There's been research on that, and we might be getting closer to early detection, but most of the time you don't detect the prions, you're diagnosing symptoms. Someone has insomnia, dementia, difficulty speaking, difficulty walking...could be early stages of Parkinson's, could be Mad Cow, could be Alzheimer's... It's hard to tell. For the most part, the only way to *absolutely* know that it *was* Mad Cow (which is caused by prions) is to do an autopsy after the patient dies and look for the telltale microscopic holes in their brain tissue. Again, the prions resemble healthy proteins so there's no good way to test for one that won't accidentally detect the other. So it's virtually impossible to study the disease as it progresses. You can only look at whatever data was gathered as the patient was treated, and that treatment was probably aimed at everything *other* than Mad Cow, because it's so rare and impossible to diagnose anyway.


Question: If I fell into an ocean of table-tennis balls, could I swim back to the surface?

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 If I fell into an ocean of table-tennis balls, could I swim back to the surface?

There are a couple physical 'states' that the balls could be in, and I think that would matter a lot. They could be in a disordered pile, with gaps of varying sizes and balls touching at various angles, and in that case the ocean would behave a little more like a fluid. When you hit it, the balls would be able to displace a little to make room for you and maybe swimming would be an option. But if you had a rectangular container whose width and length were whole-number multiples of a ball diameter, and the balls were perfectly packed in there in straight rows, then the whole thing would be fairly rigid and when you hit the surface you'd come to a sharp stop, crushing a few layers of balls. That would probably suck, and after that if you tried to make your battered body swim you'd feel a lot more resistance. If you spread out your weight enough you might be able to crawl or roll on top...?


Question: I often hear about new planets being discovered with water beneath the surface, but rarely about planets with large oceans. Is subterranean water easier to detect or more likely to occur, and why?

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 I often hear about new planets being discovered with water beneath the surface, but rarely about planets with large oceans. Is subterranean water easier to detect or more likely to occur, and why?

Water only exist in a liquid state at a narrow range if atmospheric conditions. Many planets have surface temps far too hot due to proximity to s star or lack of protective atmosphere. On these planets beneath a protective layer of crust is the only place liquid water can exist. Flip that logic and there are planets with icey surfaces due to extreme low surface temps and atmospheric pressure conditions. Those planets with an active core such as ours may allow liquid water deeper under the surface where the temperature is above freezing point.


Question: How were maths formulae like Pythagoras and area of a circle discovered millenia ago - way before people had access to pens, papers, rulers, calculators, computers, a standard maths education etc?

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 How were maths formulae like Pythagoras and area of a circle discovered millenia ago - way before people had access to pens, papers, rulers, calculators, computers, a standard maths education etc?

We did have some of those things (writing utensils and something to write on) otherwise we wouldn't know that they discovered it in the first place. They also had math education; that's how this stuff was passed on and able to develop. The only thing they were really missing were calculators and computers, which don't discover or prove math anyway. They're just good at doing lots of calculations really fast and accurately. Mathematical discovers and proofs are discovered in the same place now as they were then: in the minds of mathematicians. Granted, it may have taken longer, with more mistakes or less accuracy. And there are some concepts which involves such complex calculations that computers are required today, but the stuff you're talking about didn't. Just time and careful thinking.


Question: How are we certain that the laws of physics are true for the WHOLE universe and not just our Earth/solar-system?

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 How are we certain that the laws of physics are true for the WHOLE universe and not just our Earth/solar-system?

I was reading Three Body Problem by Liu CiXin and a very good theory was presented. Turkey Theory, there is a barn full of turkeys, but one of them is very smart. He is science turkey. He noticed that every day at 1:00 pm the farmer would come out to feed all of them, so he made it into a law. We get fed every day at 1:00. Until thanksgiving day when the farmer came in and slaughtered them. It could be that the laws we know are subject to abrupt change in the future. What we see as a pattern, could just be a fluke.


Question: If 70-75% of all stock trades are executed by lightning-fast, software-driven, algorithm-based High-Frequency Trading (HFT), what advantage is there to the remaining 25-30% of trades occurring at traditional human timescales (especially those occurring on trade floors)?

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 If 70-75% of all stock trades are executed by lightning-fast, software-driven, algorithm-based High-Frequency Trading (HFT), what advantage is there to the remaining 25-30% of trades occurring at traditional human timescales (especially those occurring on trade floors)?

not everything needs to happen lightning fast, the fast trading really counts when you are "day trading" and looking for stocks that move in that moment(for example you see it start to go up you buy it you then wait for 10 mins you see it start to go down and you sell it,you are trying to get a profit by the minute or sometimes second). but there are still a lot of people who just want to buy a stock and just let it be, for example you save some money and want to invest it so you go and buy some stocks or bonds buying it in lightning fast speed or waiting a couple of minutes has no effect for you.


Question: Why wouldn't you want a car with a rebuilt title?

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 Why wouldn't you want a car with a rebuilt title?

A rebuilt title means that at some point in the past the car was so damaged that the owner wrote the whole thing off. Then someone came and fixed the car and is trying to sell it. The risk is that not everything was fixed and that it might break sooner than normal.


Question: Where does the wax go when we burn a candle ?

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 Where does the wax go when we burn a candle ?

The wax is the actual fuel that you are burning when you burn a candle. The candle's wick soaks up the melted wax and then the wick itself burns slowly while the wax keeps soaking up into it and burning. So, like anything that burns, the wax becomes smoke in the air (or soot, eventually when the smoke is deposited on a surface).


Question: If the Earth orbits the habitable zone, how come the moon doesn't look like the earth does?

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 If the Earth orbits the habitable zone, how come the moon doesn't look like the earth does?

Just because something is in the habitable zone does not mean it's going to be habitable. There's no water or atmosphere on the moon, so it can't support life as we know it. The 'days' on the moon are 2 weeks of darkness and 2 weeks of light, so even if it had water/atmosphere, the nights would be so long that everything would freeze, and the days would be so long that everything would roast.


Question: How TV Shows like 'It's Always Sunny In Philadelphia' and the creator Rob McElhenney went from nothing into lots of money?

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 How TV Shows like 'It's Always Sunny In Philadelphia' and the creator Rob McElhenney went from nothing into lots of money?

views and ratings. The more views a show gets, the more money the network makes from commercials played on that channel during that show. Some of that money goes back to the creators, which they usually invest back into the show so it can grow in viewership and make even more money next season. The reason it's smart to pitch a good idea at a low budget to a network is because they risk very little if they don't have to invest money before knowing the show will attract an audience. oh and it's "piqued" your interest btw ;)


Question: What makes the iPhone more secure than other phones and how do people still hack it?

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 What makes the iPhone more secure than other phones and how do people still hack it?

Some if the security features like hard drive encryption are enabled by default on a current model iPhone. Most of the same features are available for an Android, but are not the default. Sometimes you need to use a different app altogether in order to get the best security on an Android. In some cases the default apps and settings on both devices aren't the best choice out there, but a new iPhone has more security enabled by default than a typical Android. I'm not aware of any Android manufacturers who advertise security up front, that doesn't seem to be what sells (sadly)


Question: How exactly does the math of RSA encryption work?

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 How exactly does the math of RSA encryption work?

I think there's a minor misunderstanding. When A wants to send a message to B, A encrypts the message with the public key of B. Then B can decrypt the encrypted message using their own private key. The general idea behind the math is as follows. The message m is written as a number (recall data can be represented in a computer as a binary number made of 0s and 1s). Then, we choose whole numbers e, d, and n such that m^(e*d) = m modulo n. We use e as the public key of B and d as the private key of B. That is, if we multiply m by itself e*d times, we get back the original message m. This is modulo n which means the number line wraps around every n numbers. We can compute x modulo n for any whole number x by taking the remainder of x when we divide by n. The encrypted message is m^e modulo n. A can send this as e is the public key of B which is public knowledge. Then, to decrypt m^e modulo n, B can use their private key d and multiply m^e by itself d times to get (m^(e))^d = m^(e*d) = m modulo n. To be secure, RSA relies on it being really hard to find d such that m^(e*d) = m modulo n given e, m, and n. The current best approach I know to recovering d is to factor n into its 2 prime factors. Note n is generated as a product of two primes. That is, n is a whole number prime times some other big whole number prime. Then, knowing these prime factors, we can easily generate e and d in the same manner that B would have used to generate these keys for themselves originally. So currently, the security of RSA rests on it being really hard to factor big numbers in general like what is used for n.


Question: What is equity and how does it work?

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 What is equity and how does it work?

Equity is ownership stake. Basically they are saying that they're giving you a $10k ownership stake in the business (ie. shares in the company). In order to actually get it you need to stay a year to get the first 1/4, and then you gain more each quarter you stay after that.


Question: Why is ‘the talk’ referred to as ‘the birds and the bees’? The flowers and the bees would be a better analogy imo.

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 Why is ‘the talk’ referred to as ‘the birds and the bees’? The flowers and the bees would be a better analogy imo.

There was a reference to the “birds and the bees” in a 17th century manual about life manners back in the 1600’s (I think). That was how they mentioned it and it stuck. I think it was meant to just be a colloquialism on how all animals do it, and not an actual example of things doing it.


Question: How are film reels copied onto other reels (as with movies)?

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 How are film reels copied onto other reels (as with movies)?

There are two methods: first is to expose the new material picture by picture using a "dry copy" machine. This gives you a very high quality copy and is used for making copies from the original and also at archive material. The second method is called a wet copy. You take a master copy and line it up with unexposed material using a liquid in-between so that they adhere to each other. This is run through a machine to expose the new copy in one go. This method is/was used for the disposable copies used in theatres. The quality is somewhat lower (not as sharp) and it's really rough on the master so the master is disposable as well. So you first make masters from the original cut using the dry copy method and then multiply them using the wet copy method. Source: me, a trained projectionist Edit: I simplified this by leaving out the positive/negative steps and chemical development steps


Question: How Did Humanity First Make Bronze?

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 How Did Humanity First Make Bronze?

The first bronzes were made not with tin, but with [arsenic]( URL_0 ). Arsenic occurs naturally near some copper ores, and preserved bodies from that era such as Otzi have significant arsenic contamination. If fire is your main transformative technology, you will burn a lot of stuff and heat it as much as you can; evidence for gold mining goes back some 7,000 years as well.


Question: Why aren't we using IBM's Watson to help people suffering from Dementia?

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 Why aren't we using IBM's Watson to help people suffering from Dementia?

Help them in what way? Watson is very good at digesting large quantities of text and answering questions about it. There are several uses of Watson in the medical research community, to summarize and organize scientific papers. For Watson to get answers, you have to have the source material. Dementia patients that can't remember their past don't have a textual record of all they knew for Watson to use.


Question: How are paintings or museum art classified as masterpieces? Some look like paint scratches and yet they are classics. Why is that?

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 How are paintings or museum art classified as masterpieces? Some look like paint scratches and yet they are classics. Why is that?

Great art isn’t just technical skill. Though a lot of those paintings that may look easy usually aren’t. But it’s also about having an original idea and expressing yourself in a way the world hasn’t seen before. This is especially true in transition from classical periods to early Modernism (modern being a style and not a description of something recent). Those most famous pieces are where artists asked questions that hadn’t been asked before and tried techniques that weren’t used or under appreciated. There’s also the celebration of the medium itself. You have a painting of the crucifiction and what’s important isn’t the paint or the canvas but the image of Jesus. Now you have people celebrating the material. What better way to show off a great paint than by liberally smearing it across a canvas and letting the paint speak for itself rather than try to impart some specific lesson?


Question: How come studios can't make movies with IP they don't hold the rights to, but shows like Robot Chicken can have any characters they want show up?

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 How come studios can't make movies with IP they don't hold the rights to, but shows like Robot Chicken can have any characters they want show up?

Copyright law provides exceptions for satire/comedy... basically, you're not stealing content and using that content for your own benefit directly, you're making fun of it, laughing at it, or otherwise commentating on it in a way that doesn't preserve it's aspects that the copyright protects... more or less. A similar concept is 'transformative' works


Question: How do antidepressants differ from one another? For example, Latuda and Ability both treat bipolar disorder, what is the difference and why choose one over the other?

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 How do antidepressants differ from one another? For example, Latuda and Ability both treat bipolar disorder, what is the difference and why choose one over the other?

Sometimes the difference between medications is small.. such as slightly different formulations that can work a little better or worse depending on the individual. One example of this would be Prilosec vs. Nexium for acid reflux. Your specific example of Abilify vs. Latuda... they both block or assist different chemical receptors in the brain. Latuda works on dopamine, adreneric, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. While Abilify works on dopamine and serotonin receptors. Depression and mental disorder treatment is very tough and complex as much of it is thought to be caused by your body's inability to balance these levels itself. It can take trying different prescriptions before you find something that is effective. Each person is different. This is also why many antidepressants come with possible side effects. It's always possible these meds can make your chemical balance worse while trying to determine which one is right for you.


Question: How does thread count work and what makes higher numbers better?

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 How does thread count work and what makes higher numbers better?

Thread count is the number of threads per unit area (inches in the USA). More threads in the same area means that the threads are smaller. This makes the cloth have less texture and it generally makes it more flexible. So, higher thread count sheets or towels appear to softer and more pliant. Lower thread count means the cloth will feel rougher and be stiffer.


Question: Are there less clouds at night? If yes, why?

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 Are there less clouds at night? If yes, why?

Quite the opposite. In most circumstances, at night the temperature lowers but humidity remains the same. Eventually, it hits the “Goldie locks” zone, dew point. That’s when clouds form. This all happens at night much more easily. That’s why you get that morning fog and dew on the ground. Edit: unrelated, kinda. Because of this concept, theoretically you’ll get more gas if you pump on a cold night than a warm day.


Question: Why is it called "cream of tartar" when it very obviously isn't creamy?

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 Why is it called "cream of tartar" when it very obviously isn't creamy?

Cream of Tartar is the *nom de plume* of potassium bitartrate. I couldn't find the exact source of it's name, but I can theorize. One possibility is its color - cream - but the other possibility is related to another definition of the word "cream" itself. > To skim, or take off by skimming, as cream. It's left as a residue in winemaking. It might be possible that the name comes from someone skimming it off the surface of the wine or cleaning it off the inside of the barrels. I'm not entirely sure. That's the best I can give you.


Question: () Why do non-arthritic joints in your hand become stiff when exposed to cold weather?

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 () Why do non-arthritic joints in your hand become stiff when exposed to cold weather?

Your joints have fluids (synovial fluids). The fluids in your joints get thicker as the weather gets colder. Imagine putting a marble in a jar full of bone broth. The marble will roll around freely if the bone broth is warm. But once you put that same jar in the fridge, the bone broth becomes more jelly-like and the marble inside the jar will barely move.


Question: Why do we say "Antisemitism" and "Islamophobia", but not "semiteophobia" or "anti islam"?

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 Why do we say "Antisemitism" and "Islamophobia", but not "semiteophobia" or "anti islam"?

The term "phobia" means an irrational fear or anxiety, as a psychological disorder. But some time in the last few decades, the term started being used a suffix in broader contexts, especially political and social, to denote a simple hate for something. This use of "phobia" arose long after the term anti-semitism was in use. By the time "Islamophobia" entered public consciousness, it was more fashionable to label such things "-phobias" than "anti- -isms". URL_0


Question: People say that big corporations don't pay their fair share in taxes by using loopholes. What exactly are these tax loopholes?

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 People say that big corporations don't pay their fair share in taxes by using loopholes. What exactly are these tax loopholes?

If a company declares a loss one year, they can count it against their taxes in following years. They can also deduct loses on assets, meaning that a company can buy an investment declare the value its lost over time against their taxes. This is what Amazon has been doing for the most part. Despite the companies immense size and growth, on paper at least they are losing money because they keep reinvesting their profits into the company. Giving stocks out to staff and executives is tax deductible So is giving to charity, which is partly why all big companies are associated with a charity. But the big one is foreign subsidiaries. Companies open up offices in countries that have very low corporate tax rates and declare their profits in that country. This is why countries like Ireland have so many Corporate headquarters located there.


Question: Why do certain colors glow under a black light but others don't?

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 Why do certain colors glow under a black light but others don't?

If you're talking about clothing, white clothing is treated with optical brighteners that absorb UV radiation and re-emit it as blue light (fluorescence). It makes slightly tan materials appear white in most lighting environments - the material reflects a portion of the visible spectrum (averaging a tan color), and the brighteners emit their bluish light. The two together make the clothing look white. Seeing the clothing in the dark under UV light means you're mostly seeing the emitted light, which is blue. The whiteness comes from the emitted light reflecting/diffusing throughout.


Question: Why is the US labeled as one of the richest countries in the world while also being in an extreme amount of debt?

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 Why is the US labeled as one of the richest countries in the world while also being in an extreme amount of debt?

Countries don't keep money in their bank like people do. "Countries" are actually the companies that are in that country, and the economic output is the output of these companies. So companies don't keep money in the bank either, if there's a surplus of money it's much better to invest it in equipment or people to grow the company. So companies operate on debt, like a person would operate by using credit-cards only. They "settle accounts" and "pay later". A country's economy / wealth is calculated based on its Gross Domestic Product - the ability of its population to produce things. The debt is a normal part of business, and it only becomes an issue when the *interest* of this debt gets close to or becomes larger than the GDP's capability to pay it.


Question: What is the earned income tax credit?

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 What is the earned income tax credit?

The earned income tax credit is a tax credit for low/medium-low income people. "Earned income" is basically the tax policy way of saying "income from a job" as opposed to investment income or gifts. The EITC gives low income people money back on their taxes, potentially more than they actually paid in taxes. Liberals like it because it's basically a welfare program. Some conservatives don't like it, because it's welfare. But others are more supportive because it does require people to work to get it.


Question: How do game companies make a game engine that requires more power than contemporary computers can make?

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 How do game companies make a game engine that requires more power than contemporary computers can make?

Developers will have at least some very high spec machines with the very latest hardware. That might not be properly representative of what will be out when the game is released, but you can estimate that if it's at least playable on that then it will run ok on something more powerful. Plus developers might have access to prototypes of graphics cards before they're on the market. So they can test their games on that before they're released.


Question: Why does frost accumulate on cars in the open air, but the cars under a carport don't have any frost?

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 Why does frost accumulate on cars in the open air, but the cars under a carport don't have any frost?

The car port is giving off heat (heat retained throughout the day) and the car is giving off heat. When night time comes, a car's heat radiates outward in an open environment, so frost can occur. Under a carport, however, the heat given off by the car port and the car bounces back-and-forth between the two, retaining heat so that no frost will form. To put it another way, under an open enviroment the car is exhanging heat with the atmosphere (which at night is very cold), while under a carport, the car is exhanging heat with the carport (which is warmer than the open sky). EDIT: Wording


Question: Why can't we observe black holes?

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 Why can't we observe black holes?

The way we see things is through electromagnetic radiation. The radiation that anything gives off is roughly proportional to the temperature (raised to the fourth power). Cold things have lower energy and therefore will dissipate quicker. Turns out black holes emit electromagnetic radiation. We find that the "temperature" of the black hole is roughly equal to the inverse of the mass. This means heavier black holes are colder. How cold? About as cold as the coldest temperatures we've created in a lab. Could we detect that coldness from lightyears away? Definitely not. Definitely definitely not. So we have to find other ways of detecting black holes. Turns out they pump out an insane amount of gravity, and that's how we detect them.