Question: Why did the U.S savings account interest rate go down to almost 0%, compared to the '80s and '90s, when it was much higher?

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 Why did the U.S savings account interest rate go down to almost 0%, compared to the '80s and '90s, when it was much higher?

Short answer is because our loan interest went down as well. When the bank is getting 12 and 13% on their home loans and a little more on consumer loans, they can afford to pay more in interest so they have more to loan. This is how they make money. When the interest rates they charged drop so does the amount they pay for those savings. My mortgage loan is at 4% today. Savings is under 1%.


Question: Why does India have union territories and states?

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 Why does India have union territories and states?

Union territories don't hold elections and are under direct control of the central government. There are 7 of them now. Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Lakshadweep, Puducherry, Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands. These all have different reasons for being under central control. Andaman-Nicobar and Lakshwadeep were too far from the mainland and also in vital strategic regions. Chandigarh was a pet project by Nehru to act as a replacement for the loss of Lahore during partition so it had central control. Daman-Diu, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Puducherry were under different colonial control than the British. So the people there were sort of different than the states which surrounded them. The central government felt that they could administer these territories better. Plus these territories were liberated or relinquished a good deal of time after 1947. States have little to no role in the creation of these territories. The central parliament decides whether these territories can be converted into states, if there is just cause or political will.


Question: How does a progressive web app(PWA) work?

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 How does a progressive web app(PWA) work?

From my understanding: It’s an application hosted on a web browser. Let’s say you open an application, like any other, it feels and looks like one. But on the back end it really opened up a web browser to host the software on. This way, the software is always up to date, bugs can be repaired quickly, etc.


Question: Can Freezing Temperatures Keep Someone From Hemorrhaging?

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 Can Freezing Temperatures Keep Someone From Hemorrhaging?

Flash-freezing blood in a highly specific area would require as much access to the site and specialized equipment as would be required to properly stop the bleeding, with the added downsides of massive tissue damage to the surrounding tissue. If you're talking about freezing ALL the blood... Human blood freezes at ~-3C. Freezing it for long enough that it won't thaw, being inside of a large insulated creature at roughly 37C, would require somehow getting the entire vascular system down to a much lower temperature. This almost certainly would kill someone.


Question: Why can women keep going after getting an orgasm, while most men can’t?

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 Why can women keep going after getting an orgasm, while most men can’t?

The shape of a man's penis, mostly the head, is designed to remove ejaculate from previous mates. The male refractory period (the time after orgasm) developed as a safeguard to prevent men from removing their own sperm. Note that the question itself is also somewhat misleading, as both women and men may or may not have uncomfortable refractory periods wherein they can't continue sex after orgasm; the timing of this refractory period is specific to the individual, i.e. some men have almost no recovery time or can achieve multiple orgasms, while some women orgasm once and describe any further stimulation as uncomfortable or even painful. It's just more common for men to be unable to continue after orgasm for the reason I described above. Edit: wording/spelling


Question: What is the congress cloud act? How will it affect us?

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 What is the congress cloud act? How will it affect us?

At a super high level, there is a process that a foreign government has to go through if they want to request data that resides on servers that are in the US. It involves the DOJ and various court approvals, the purpose of which is to protect the privacy of US citizens. The Cloud Act eliminates that process in favor of bilateral agreements between the US and foreign nations, as developed by the Executive branch (The President). Advocates say that this will allow for better agreements with foreign nations regarding the exchange of data, while detractors say that it circumvents the 4th Amendments by removing due process for search and seizure. As to how it will affect _you_, it probably won't, similar to how if we got rid of the warrant requirement for searches it probably wouldn't affect you much either. The issue comes when you have something of interest to a foreign government. If China wants to look at your emails today, they have to have that request approved by the courts; in a Cloud Act world, they can just ask and we can just give them the data without any judicial review.


Question: What causes type 2 diabetes, biologically?

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 What causes type 2 diabetes, biologically?

When the pancreas needs to make insulin all the time, it gets tired and the cells get tired of being triggered by insulin into taking sugar into themselves. Plus, it also gets fatty and doesn't work as well (due to being fatty). If you google, you'll find studies linking not fatness itself, but having a fatty pancreas to Type 2 diabetes. So, since the cells become insensitive to insulin, the sugar stays in the blood, which causes your body to put more water in your bloodstream to dilute the sugar, which is how type 2 diabetes causes high blood pressure, which in turn destroys the kidney cells. Up to a certain point it's possible to revert both type 2 diabetes and kidney disease (caused by type 2 diabetes) with a diet with very low carbs and/or fasting. The pancreas can get a rest, and as the fat is consumed, the fat inside the pancreas is consumed too and it starts working again. & #x200B; [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 )


Question: Why does time pass slower the faster we move? I always hear scientists say it, but there never are any good explanations.

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 Why does time pass slower the faster we move? I always hear scientists say it, but there never are any good explanations.

Because the speed of light is constant. Let's make a clock. Now since we know the speed of light is constant, we can do so by bouncing a light pulse between two mirrors and counting how many times it bounces. Every X bounces is 1 second. Not the handiest clock, but we need it to explain the rest. We stick this clock in a spaceship and have the spaceship fly at 3/4s the speed of light past us. In 1 second we should still see that beam of light in the clock bounce up and down X times inside the clock. BUT in that same time those mirrors have moved 3/4s of 1 lightsecond as well! So through Pythagoras, in the time you in the ship see 1 second on the lightclock, I see your light pulse move a longer distance: sqrt of (1 squared + 3/4 squared) lightseconds, which is 1.25 light seconds. Normally this would not be a problem BUT we know from experiments that the light speed is constant. In what I measure as 1 second on my clock, I measure as 1.25 seconds on your clock flying past. The speed of light is constant. That vertical distance is constant. That means the only remaining variable, time itself must have changed. When 1 second passes for me, I see 1.25 seconds pass for you. Or vice versa when 1 second passes for you, only 1/1.25 seconds have passed for me. Hence your TIME itself has slowed down. Tl;DR: Because the speed of light is constant, time cannot be constant.


Question: why does a photograph's "temperature" level go from orange to blue with white in the middle, whereas a flame's temperature scale goes from orange to white with blue in the middle?

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 why does a photograph's "temperature" level go from orange to blue with white in the middle, whereas a flame's temperature scale goes from orange to white with blue in the middle?

> a flame's temperature scale goes from orange to white with blue in the middle? This is incorrect. Red: 980º F to 1,800º F Orange: 2,000º F to 2,200º F White: 2,400º F to 2,700º F Blue (unless due to adulterants): 2,600º F to 3,000º F I'm sure you've heard the expressions "red hot" and "white hot". Beyond them both is blue hot.


Question: How are there different "types" of spicy sensations from eating spicy food?

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 How are there different "types" of spicy sensations from eating spicy food?

Because there are different compounds interacting with different receptors. Peppers have capsaicin, which triggers the same receptors as hot temperature receptors. Wasabi and mustards have isothiocyanates, a different compound. They are also short lived due to not being oily and volatile, meaning they can easily be washed away, or they evaporate away.


Question: How do surgeons treat injuries they've never seen before?

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 How do surgeons treat injuries they've never seen before?

There is a large body of evidence and past cases to draw on, but of course no human can ever remember it all. The nice thing is that humans are built more or less the same way; the stomach leads to the intestines, there are two kidneys, etc. The goal is to get back to that, or as close as you can, while having the person keep living. So if you find a chunk of something that's screwed up beyond repair and the person doesn't need it, take it out. If they need it and it might heal or keep working, leave it in there. If it gets worse, you might have to start looking for a donor.


Question: The brain has to have a limit to how much information it can store. Is this limit ever reached and what happens when it is reached?

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 The brain has to have a limit to how much information it can store. Is this limit ever reached and what happens when it is reached?

Your brain is constantly "cleaning house" especially when you sleep. It discards a lot of unused/unneeded information. I don't think anyone has ever gotten near the limits of the human brain's potential, but I would assume that it would just start overwriting data that hadn't been leveraged for a practical purpose for a while.


Question: How does the machine measure oxygenation through the skin of your finger?

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 How does the machine measure oxygenation through the skin of your finger?

The process is called "Pulse oximetry". To simplify the way it works, the device which is placed somewhere on the body where the skin is thin, in your case the finger, and it emits specific light wave lengths, and its sensors detects what waves are being absorbed through the blood, giving them a fairly accurate approximation of the oxygenation of your blood.


Question: () What is the difference between Term & Whole/Universal life insurance?

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 () What is the difference between Term & Whole/Universal life insurance?

Term: you insure your life for 20 years for $1000, if nothing happens you stop paying premiums after 20 years and that’s that. If you die, your heirs get paid $1000. Very simple Universal is a waste. You pay for term coverage and there is a savings portion too. It’s far lower cost to take two separate policies, one term and one savings as administration costs are much lower. When it’s all bundled into one, you pay sky high rates for what you receive


Question: Why does putting water on an "oil fire" make it worse?

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 Why does putting water on an "oil fire" make it worse?

Oil gets way hotter than waters boiling point ( the temperature where water turns into steam ) so when you put water into a oil fire, the water instantly boils and turns to steam. The steam then Splashes the hot oil up into the air ( still on fire most times ) and now you have hot, flying threw the air, on fire, oil splashes just ready to burn you or whatever it lands on.


Question: How do 'Magic Eye' images work?

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 How do 'Magic Eye' images work?

Each image is actually two images overlaid on each other. The viewer has to make themselves "see double" in order to make one eye see one image, and the other eye see the other image. This is often achieved in beginners by holding the picture up to your nose, then looking through the pic so your eyes are focused in the middle distance. With the eyes in this position, the image is slowly moved away from the nose until the image "jumps out" at the viewer. The image only does this because at the distance of the image, the eyes are focused on different areas. (From further away, the eyes would be focused on one single distant point.) As we all know, we see with our brain not our eyes, and the brain interprets the specially-designed images as 3D even though they're just two images carefully placed on top of each other. Have you ever looked at a wallpaper or image with a small, uniform, repeating pattern? Try it using the nose technique described above and you will see the pattern sort of changes to look a bit 3D also. This is because your eyes are layering one image on top of another (that's why in this example the pattern repeats have to be the same and quite close together) which gives the impression of depth. [Try it with this image I randomly googled to get an idea.]( URL_0 ) EDIT to add: You will notice that as the above is a horizontal pattern, you can't see the 3D effect if you tilt your head. Further proof that your eyes are focusing on two slightly different areas, as eyes can focus that way horizontally but you can't make them move up and down independently.


Question: when people get a birth control implant in their arm, what keeps it from moving around and cutting up flesh?

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 when people get a birth control implant in their arm, what keeps it from moving around and cutting up flesh?

Your body has two ways of dealing with foreign invaders: killing and disabling. It will send out white t-cells first to deal with the implant and an inflammation will indicate their losing battle. After this has failed the body will build cells around the object and encase it in an inert goo like structure. This will scarrify and attach itself to surrounding tissues stopping it from moving.


Question: I understand the purpose of having infantry when combating an insurgency but what about a conflict between two conventional militaries?

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 I understand the purpose of having infantry when combating an insurgency but what about a conflict between two conventional militaries?

Infantry field weapons to counter tanks (ATGM) and aircraft (MANPADS). They are also more effective at defensive tactics and can more easily be used from within fortifications During the Syrian war, the Syrian Army had extreme difficulty dislodging rebels (almost exclusively infantry with light weapons) from Ghouta and Darayya despite the fact that the government had extreme advantages in terms of air superiority and armor


Question: Why can't PC manufacturers use GDDR5 as system memory like PS4?

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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't PC manufacturers use GDDR5 as system memory like PS4?

GDDR vs DDR is a matter of usage. GDDR is optimized for bandwidth, sending lots of data at once which is good for parallel processing. DDR is optimized for latency which is better for CPU tasks. The numbers are also a bit confusing because the generations don't really line up between the two. GDDR5, and 4 are based on the same tech as DDR3.


Question: If the universe has an finite age, and a single origin it expanded from, how can its size be infinite?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
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Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If the universe has an finite age, and a single origin it expanded from, how can its size be infinite?

It doesn't have a single origin it expanded from, but that's a common misconception. The big bang occurred everywhere. Space itself is expanding, and we can work out that in the past it was therefore much denser, so usually an easier way to think of expansion isn't "an object getting bigger" but rather a decrease in density over time. In other words, as time passes, there is more space between (distant) objects. Beyond that, we don't really have a mechanism to describe a scenario where the universe would go from "not infinite" to "infinite." Rather, assuming it is infinite now (which we do not know for certain), it was likely always infinite for its existence. However, the portion of the universe we can observe was packed into a very tiny volume. So you'd have everything we know packed into a tiny space, but then, right next door is an equally huge amount of 'universe' packed into an equally tiny space. And the same past that, and so on, for infinity, in all directions. Now as time has passed, our tiny packed neighborhood has expanded massively, and so has the neighbor's, and so has their neighbor's, and so on.. So that if you had a special magical ship that could travel at infinite speed, you would continue to go past more universe probably much like ours (big voids between matter gathered into galaxies, with planets, stars, and so on) forever. Unfortunately, since we lack such magical ships, the vast majority of the universe will instead be forever invisible to us, because the expansion of that space isn't limited by the speed of light, and distant regions are receding from us so fast that light emitted from them will simply never reach us. The space in between us and that light grows faster than the light can cross it. So early universe, imagine the () is a tightly packed bunch of universe: infinity < ()()()()()()()(us)()()()()()()() > infinity Later universe: infinity < ( .......) ( ....... )( ....... )( ...us... )( ....... )( ....... )( ....... ) > infinity


Question: Why is there a cancer warning on a box of Hello Kitty wafer cookies?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
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 Why is there a cancer warning on a box of Hello Kitty wafer cookies?

In cali the there is proposition 65 which means you need to warn people about subtances that may cause cancer. Companies just label it to protect themselves from lawsuits since food has colour 456, preservative 78, stabiliser 209. All these chemicals they may or may not cause cancer but they just put that warning there so if you do get cancer and sue they can say you were warned.


Question: How is that Earth has an atmosphere? What is fighting with the vacuum? Why is some gas able to create pressure out of nothing?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is that Earth has an atmosphere? What is fighting with the vacuum? Why is some gas able to create pressure out of nothing?

In a word, Gravity The Earth's gravity pulls on the atmosphere the same way that it keeps the oceans glued to the earth. At some point during the Earth's formation much of the Earth was liquid due to it's high temperature so the lighter gaseous elements like Hydrogen, Helium, Carbon Dioxide, and Nitrogen bubbled to the surface. Much of this gas was lost to space but what remained formed our atmosphere. Gravity is also what makes the atmosphere denser as you get closer to Earth's surface.


Question: Why do your ears pop during the descent on an airplane?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do your ears pop during the descent on an airplane?

Air gets thinner as you go up, and denser as you go down. When you go up in an airplane, or up to any significant elevation, you still have ground-level dense air inside your ears. It wants to equalize with the air outside at the lower pressure. It creates pressure inside your ear as it expands into a less dense area. The dense air eventually forces it's way out, and that's the popping sensation you can feel.


Question: Why does cleaning my ears make me cough?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does cleaning my ears make me cough?

This is known as the cough-ear reflex I believe. Something called Arnold's Nerve, which is part of the vagus nerve, supplies the head and neck. As well as this, it also supplies the external auditory canal. When this nerve is provoked, it can induce a coughing reflex. This is experienced by just 2.3% of the population.


Question: Why does 30°C outside seem too hot, when bath water at 37°C seem comfortable?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does 30°C outside seem too hot, when bath water at 37°C seem comfortable?

Your body is constantly making heat as a byproduct of using energy. Your body also needs to be at a constant temperature to run. If that excess heat is not removed, your body will go into a fever and may shut down. Your body needs to lose heat at a constant rate to feel comfortable. Heat transfer through the air is not as fast as through water. Water transmits heat 24 times faster than air. This is why boiling something at 100 deg C cooks faster than baking something at 180 deg C. You'll lose heat faster in 37 C water than you do in 30 C air.


Question: How come my feet and hands can get ice cold (yet sweaty) while my face is bright red and super warm? Yes, I am a female :/ are we lizards?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come my feet and hands can get ice cold (yet sweaty) while my face is bright red and super warm? Yes, I am a female :/ are we lizards?

Blood circulation! Poor blood flood causes hands and feet to be cold while the head, close to the heart and full of our brain, has a direct line to the blood pump, keeping it warm. Lizards are cold blooded, meaning heat from the environment dictates body temp... And they can't sweat


Question: What's the deal with this "crafted" trend going on?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the deal with this "crafted" trend going on?

It's the next wave in kitschy. Like Pier 1 could just change their name to "Crafted" and their business wouldn't lose a dime. It's just another buzzword, like "farm to table" or "gluten free" (not knocking those with real medical allergies or celiac), or "Low-carb" for those stuck in the 90s.


Question: Why must an IV contain saline but it's perfectly okay to drink pure water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why must an IV contain saline but it's perfectly okay to drink pure water?

Because drinking pure water doesn't pump it straight into your bloodstream where it can rapidly dilute blood. Saline solution is used to maintain the balance between blood and cells of what is called osmotic pressure. If you put pure water into the blood, then this balance would be broken, and you'd have a higher concentration of water in the blood than in cells. It would then attempt to flow into cells to return to equilibrium, rupturing them. Saline solution is roughly the same as your blood already is, and so it doesn't dilute the blood and prevents the same action. Your body will work to maintain this balance, during normal consumption, excreting excess water. Although you can in fact consume so much water that it overwhelms your system and causes the same problems. That being said, it takes a lot of water. This phenomenon is known as water intoxication or water poisoning.


Question: How does the body create an effective antibody and can drug companies make synthetic antibodies?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
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 How does the body create an effective antibody and can drug companies make synthetic antibodies?

Your Immune System develops B and T cells, those cells have randomized receptors, once they mature these cells travel to a lymph node and wait for their moment. Macrophages (usually the first responders of the immune system) break apart enemies and display those parts on their surface, these parts are called **Antigens**. Dendritic Cells than take those Antigens from the Macrophages and travel to the nearest lymph nodes where B and T Cells are waiting, it then looks for a Helper T Cell that has a randomized receptor in which this Antigen fits perfectly, once it found one, the Helper T Cell starts rapidly dividing, some of those Helper T Cells then travel to the B Cells and start looking for a B Cell that also has a fitting receptor for that Antigen. Once such a B Cell is found it also starts dividing and those B Cells then produce proteins that also perfectly fit this Antigen, these proteins are called **Antibodies**. I'm not too sure how exactly synthetic antibodies are made but I think it involves harvesting them from either humans or animals, or maybe even in test tubes.


Question: Why do some airplanes leave a visible contrail and others don’t?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some airplanes leave a visible contrail and others don’t?

It does not depend so much on the airplane as the humidity, pressure and temperature of the air in flies in. Contrails is an atmospheric effect that is caused by the increased humidity from the engine exhaust raising the humidity in the air high enough to form clouds. There is a few other effects such as sot creating nucleation points for the ice crystals and turbulence creating low pressure spots for crystals to form but these are of minor significance. Contrails will be formed whenever an airplane moves through air that is close to forming clouds already. The humidity from the exhaust is just the final straw that makes the clouds form behind the airplane. If you see two airplanes in the same sky where one forms a contrail and the other do not then it is likely because they are passing through different layers of the sky with different conditions.


Question: Why is it more difficult to breathe when crying?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 Why is it more difficult to breathe when crying?

Crying and producing tears serves more purposes than just being a consequence of extreme emotion, like expelling contamination from your eyes. Whenever you cry, you can trigger your sinuses to run in an attempt to "rid" whatever may be in your system, which makes mucus run rampart. Tears can also drain into your sinuses, which will mix with any mucus lying around and create a less viscous solution. With mucus everywhere, it can clog up your sinuses and make it difficult to breathe.


Question: How do 3D printers work?

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 How do 3D printers work?

They work in a variety of ways, but the most common two types are FDM and SLA. FDM aid basically a computer controlled glue stick. It squeezes a long thin bead of semi molten plastic from a nozzle, which cools and hardens after it has left the nozzle. The part is split into layers, and the glue stick draws the outline of the layer, and then colours in the middle. It the moves up one layer and does it again until all the layers have been drawn. SLA uses a bath of liquid, which turns solid if you shine a bright light at it. So it uses a laser to draw on the liquid turning it solid layer by layer, much like the FDM a process drawing the outline and then colouring in the middle. The liquid is in a transparent tray and the laser shines up from below. There is a platform in the liquid which leaves a thin gap one layer in height to which the solidified liquid sticks. Once each layer is complete this platform moves up by one layer, leaving a thin layer of liquid under the solidified part, stuck to the platform and it all starts again.


Question: How does the police choose what cars to use as patrol cars?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 How does the police choose what cars to use as patrol cars?

I asked my father in law who was a retired lieutenant in a good sized department. 1. Safety. Car accidents are the #1 cause of death for officers 2. Space, they have a lot of gear and need seats big enough to get in and out with their vest and belt on, also a rear seat big enough to carry anybody that needs a ride. 3. Speed/handling popular police cars (almost all American) have "police packages" from the factory. They may have more horsepower, stiffer suspension, a pushbar front bumper. The only time I remember departments going with foreign made vehicles was BMW motorcycles and that was because BMW covered maintenance.


Question: Why do we find characters such as the Joker and other psychopathic villains so interesting, given that psychopathic traits are usually horrifying?

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 Why do we find characters such as the Joker and other psychopathic villains so interesting, given that psychopathic traits are usually horrifying?

It's not "glorifying" mental illness. Psychopathic characters are very often the villains. Even when they're not, they still end up getting screwed one way or another. Stories need some kind of conflict to be interesting. That means a protagonist and an antagonist. In the case where the antagonist is a person, if that person is just a normal human with normal motivations, the conflict is uninteresting - no one wants to watch a Batman movie that features the dark knight tracking down and collaring petty criminals for two hours. Characters like the Joker are both unpredictable and a genuine threat to the protagonist. Psychopathy is one way to make characters unpredictable - their motivations cannot necessarily be ascertained by the audience at the start of the presentation. I don't subscribe to the theory that it's some kind of vicarious exploration of our "dark side". Instead, I believe it's just classic themes reorganizing themselves for more sophisticated audiences. Audiences want the hero to win, but they don't want it to be easy (which would lead to a lack of drama) or predictable (which would make it boring).


Question: White Hats of Reddit, what are simple steps everyone should be taking to preserve anonymity and security online?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 White Hats of Reddit, what are simple steps everyone should be taking to preserve anonymity and security online?

1. Buy a brand new laptop with cash. If you are ultra paranoid have somebody else buy it for you. 2. Tape over or otherwise disable the webcam. 3. Never log into any personal website with this laptop. Never log into facebook, email, reddit ect. 4. Never have the battery installed in the laptop when not using. 5. Never have the laptop plugged in while your home modem/router is plugged on at the same time. 6. Always use open networks to access the internet. 7. If there are no open networks at home and you want to use the laptop at home get a burner cell phone that you can tether to for data that you also pay cash with. Pay cash for refill cards.


Question: Why aren't dashcams being incentivised on a massive scale by insurance adjusters?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why aren't dashcams being incentivised on a massive scale by insurance adjusters?

I work for an insurance company! Basically, in Russia the volume of fraudulent claims is so high that insurers mandate or heavily incentivise dashcams to prevent fraud. In western countries fraud still happens, but on a much lower scale relative to Russia. At least in the UK (where I work), the claims most likely to be fraudulent are thefts, where the car is "stolen" but in reality has been hidden or sold to a chop shop, and dash cams do not help with these. The other kind of serious fraud is done by organised gangs, who do induced accidents and staged accidents. Staged accidents work fine on camera if done correctly. An induced accident is where a fraudster tricks an innocent driver into hitting them. Consider a line of four vehicles moving along in traffic. in the line are three fraudsters, two at the front, one at the rear. The victim is second from the back. The driver at the very back overtakes the victim extremely closely, at high speed, maybe sounds their horn or something. That distracts the victim, makes them look to the side. The fraudsters in front of the victim sees them look to the side in their mirrors, and slam on their brakes. The victim, unable to stop in time, hits the driver in front of them. Then the overtaking fraudster and the fraudster at the very front drive off, leaving the one who was hit to take the victim's details. He'll blame the driver at the very front for braking suddenly and then driving off, be very sympathetic, etc. On a dashcam, this just looks like a driver failing to brake in time and hitting a driver who did brake in time. In fact it almost looks like the fraudster who got hit was the intended victim! Still looks like a fault claim for the real victim's insurer. That's not to say dashcams don't help with settling liability over otherwise genuine incidents where the drivers don't agree on what happened. But in those situations the law of averages mentioned by whitby_ufo comes into play. That won't change unless dashcams hit a critical mass of commonality and drivers without cams become more expensive to insure because they lose more liability fights. For now though, *you've* got an incentive to get a dashcam, but they don't help your insurance settle the serious expensive fraud cases, so they don't care much.


Question: ....how do stud finders work?

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 ....how do stud finders work?

While there are newer technologies, stud finders mostly come in two broad varieties: magnetic, and electronic. An electronic stud finder makes use of electric fields, and the fact that materials with different density have different capacitance and permittivity. By measuring this, they can find places where the density is higher, meaning that there's a stud. Magnetic ones work by detecting magnetic metals, either the stud itself (with new, steel studs) or nails and the like that are driven into it (with the more traditional wooden ones). They tend to be less accurate than electronic finders, because the stuff driven into the stud can be at all kinds of odd angles.


Question: Recently there was news about two girls joined at the head being surgically separated by a team of over 30 surgeons. What is there for 30 surgeons to actually do during a job like this one? 30 people is a lot of people.

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 Recently there was news about two girls joined at the head being surgically separated by a team of over 30 surgeons. What is there for 30 surgeons to actually do during a job like this one? 30 people is a lot of people.

Hey there, I work in the operating room during spine and neuro-surgery and can give you my run-down of why... 1) Time: A surgery like that takes a lot of time. Most likely 20+ hrs. Although surgeons have been known to operate for that long at one time, it's not the safest way to do things. Splitting the surgery up in to different sections (1 guy will do the exposure and craniotomy and start working on separation until surgeon #2 will come in and begin his part etc...) Anesthesiologists usually work in 8 hr shifts and then a call schedule after that. Same is typical for nurses, scrub techs, etc... so the 30 people probably includes a lot of turnover of that type of staff. 2) Level of complication: Taking on a huge risky, complicated case like that is a lot of stress on the surgeon. Having colleagues that are experts in their own little niches of the surgical field to come in and help makes the surgery safer and builds confidence in the surgical team. You also have to consider all the things that could potentially go wrong in such a big surgery and having the appropriate staff available for Vascular problems etc also probably adds to that number. Those are the two reasons that come to mind. I'm sure someone else can add to them and elaborate.


Question: how do we know something is X light years away?

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 how do we know something is X light years away?

I haven't done any physics in ages, I hope I remember correctly! 😄 For closer objects, you can shoot a beam of radiation and measure the time taken for it to be reflected and come back. We know the speed of light, so it's just a matter of (Speed x Time) / 2 For further objects it's slightly more complicated! If you stick your thumb up out in front of you, then close each eye individually, it appears to move right? Even though it actually hasn't moved at all! So what happens is scientists measure the location of a star, then 6 months later when the Earth is on the other side of its orbit, they measure the location again. What happens now is the star appears to have moved, just like what happens if you close your eyes individually while focusing on a nearby object. We know the distance to the sun, and now we have the angle the star moved(parallax). The rest is just trigonometry. You have the distance of one side, the value of angles, so working out the distance is now a piece of cake! ☺ [This is a gif that hopefully helps you visualise it a little better]( URL_0 )


Question: Where does unused electricity "go"?

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 Where does unused electricity "go"?

Amps are the equivalent of work that a circuit is capable of doing. It's doesn't necessarily do that work all the time. Your example system produces up to 5 amps. Think of it as Joe can having the ability to do up to 50 push-ups. If Joe only does 10 push-ups the other 40 don't go anywhere they were never produced. The same is true with amps. If Joe tries to do 51 push-ups he will collapse. If you try to put a 6amp load on your circuit the breaker/fuse will trip.


Question: Why can't all batteries be recharged?

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 Why can't all batteries be recharged?

Regular disposable batteries are alkaline. Basically they have two compartments of different materials that when joined create electricity. Eventually this barrier between them corrodes and the battery died because it's been all used up. Rechargable batteries have a different composition inside- nickel cadmium (they say so usually somewhere on the outside). This stuff can die because the nickel side (I think the nickel side anyway) absorbs the electrons from the other side, same as the alkaline batteries. It's just that cadmium can have its electrons replaced with another power source- that charge box you stays plugged in. Lithium ion batteries, like for phones and laptops and stuff, operate similarly with the multiple compartments but they are powerful and more expensive so they're not used for double a size for a remote or something. That's way too expensive.


Question: Is there a reason why epiphanies are so common in the shower?

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 Is there a reason why epiphanies are so common in the shower?

I’ve read a bit about this. Our brains tend to work in one of two different modes, focused and diffused. In focus mode we study and concentrate on a subject. Later, when we’re doing something completely unrelated, like taking a shower, our brain enters diffused mode. At that time, our brain can process the new information and connect various previously unnoticed dots, an epiphany. Edison used an advanced related technique to help him overcome large, complex problems. URL_0 Moral of the story, rest and relaxation are key when we’re learning something new.


Question: Why can't you buy bunches of basil at the grocery like how you can buy parsley and cilantro?

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 Why can't you buy bunches of basil at the grocery like how you can buy parsley and cilantro?

Perhaps it has to do with your area? We very well can were I live, there’s plenty. The conditions for growing may not be ideal were you live, or demand may be low, causing the low amounts to be bought up by restaurants, etc. and never make it to stores. Might be good to specify your area or ask on a local sub


Question: Why does low air pressure mean stormy weather?

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 Why does low air pressure mean stormy weather?

In low pressure areas, air rises up from the ground / sea, while in high pressure areas the air moves downward. Air that moves upward, brings with it the evaporation of a body of water, and once that air is at the top where it is cooler and condenses, it translates into rain. & #x200B;


Question: How does one know how many calories single ingredients have?

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 How does one know how many calories single ingredients have?

They burn the food inside a container filled with oxygen and submerged in water and then measure how much heat is transferred from the food to the water. More info: URL_0 That's an estimate, when actually eating the food different people with different metabolism will get a different amount of calories out of the same tomato.


Question: why does all the washing always end up inside the duvet cover?

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 why does all the washing always end up inside the duvet cover?

I'll try the eil5 version. The clothes in the washer are continously agitated for a long time. The duver cover acts as a trap, in that it is much easier for other, smaller clothes to get it than to get out. So there are two things happening: one is that because of the construction of the duvet cover (it works even better with mattress sheets) the rotation of the washer will continuously open/close the trap's catch, and secondly once something gets trapped inside, it cannot escape.


Question: How exactly does heat make batteries discharge faster?

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 How exactly does heat make batteries discharge faster?

Batteries generate electricity via chemical reactions. Chemical reactions rely on molecules that would like to interact bumping into each other. For some reactions they have to bump into each other with enough energy to overcome their natural stability enough to cause them to undergo a reaction (eg. wood oxidizes very-very-very slowly in air, but given enough energy(heat) it reacts violently with air as "fire"). Cooling down a battery makes it harder for the chemical reactions to happen, as everything becomes more stable with the lower-energy bumping around. Conversely heating up the battery pushes the reactions to happen more often, possibly to the point that un-intended reactions start to happen and the battery explodes.


Question: What is the difference between Data Warehouse and Data Lake?

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 What is the difference between Data Warehouse and Data Lake?

Data Lake = throwing all your toys into a big pile in a room in your house. Data Warehouse = Putting all your toys in a neat and orderly fashion in a room, labeled and ready for use. Toys that don’t fit how things are organized are never brought into the room.