Question: . When hooved animal's hooves are left untreated they over grow and become unhealthy. Does this happen in the wild?

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 . When hooved animal's hooves are left untreated they over grow and become unhealthy. Does this happen in the wild?

Unlikely. A hooved animal in the wild gets to run around on dirt, rock and gravel, so that naturally wears down the hoof. A bit like how if your dog is outside a lot, you don't have to clip its nails nearly as much as an inside-only pet, because its claws get worn down by the patio, sidewalk, gravel etc. Those rescue ponies and horses with the super gross curled up hooves, those are because those poor beasties have never been walked on anything but a stall or soft arena dirt, so there's been nothing to wear them down naturally. The sad thing is that can really screw up their feet; even after the ferrier corrects their hooves they're not gonna be walking normally for long time.


Question: How do game devs make money off of free games?

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 How do game devs make money off of free games?

Micro transactions. The vary majority of games are free but charge you in small increments for things like skins in Mobas, that shiny OP weapon in mmo's to 'energy' on mobile games. And that 1-5$ pretty transaction may not sounds like much, but you get a few million willing to pay it and it adds up fast!


Question: How do iodine tablets purify water in a safe way for people to drink?

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 How do iodine tablets purify water in a safe way for people to drink?

Iodine, chlorine dioxide and bleach is strong oxidizing agents. If you add them to water they increase the pH and will dissolve the cell walls of any bacteria , parasites and virus. Your cells will be attacked in the same way but while the bacteria in the water is exposed for theirty minutes your cells will only get exposed for a few seconds before the solution gets neutralized by your stomach acid. And you have a lot more cells then there are bacteria in the water and are able to replace your cells. Adding to this you have a layer of dead cells which protects the live cells underneath. All in all you can handle the high pH much better then any bacteria in the water. However you can also dissolve an acid, for example vitamin-c, into the water once the iodine have done its job to neutralize the water again to make it more plesent to drink. The iodine and vitamin-c will react and form a powder that settles at the bottom of the container.


Question: How is it possible for a 700 trillion dollar derivitive bubble to exist?

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 How is it possible for a 700 trillion dollar derivitive bubble to exist?

You and I make a $100 bet on the Super Bowl. I make a smaller side bet with Joe in the opposite direction so, if I lose our bet, I don't lose so much, Joe does the same thing with John. John borrowed the money for the bet with Joe and the bank where he borrowed it took out insurance on the loan to John. The insurance company took out some sub-insurance on the insurance they sold to the bank… on and on. Our $100 bet is now worth $1500 when you count all the other people's bets Derivatives are bets on some event and no one has to have any actual personal interest in the event itself, they only use the event as the basis of the bet. Many people can bet lots of money and, like in the housing market of 2008, it can get big quickly.


Question: How is it that the US pay more taxes towards healthcare than most countries with universal healthcare, but majority of the citizens don't receive the benefits? Where does all of the tax money go?

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 How is it that the US pay more taxes towards healthcare than most countries with universal healthcare, but majority of the citizens don't receive the benefits? Where does all of the tax money go?

One major factor in the UK's health system being relatively [cost-efficient per capita]( URL_0 ) compared to the rest of the world is that NHS attempts to standardize purchase costs for medical items across all their hospitals, with the overall volume of orders being so large that there is significant leverage available for pricing negotiations. Secondly, the fact that the healthcare system is government funded means that there is a direct link between drug prices and the cost of funding, which gives the government a great incentive to keep the prices down. In the US (as I understand it) there's a disconnect all the way along the chain. Looking just at medicine, drug companies sell drugs to healthcare providers. Healthcare providers "sell" them to patients, but healthcare insurers are often paying the bills. As the healthcare provider is effectively a middle-man, the financial distress in this system is born by the healthcare insurers (ignoring people going bankrupt over medical bills, which is another entirely disgusting matter). The healthcare provider has no real reason to make the effort to decrease their bills for consumable items, as the cost is shunted on to the next party in any event. The healthcare insurers have two options: press for lower prices to be provided by medical providers, or increase premiums. One of these is difficult to do as they're not party to purchasing contracts, and I'm unsure if they'd ever intervene in this way. The other involves passing cost along to a semi-captive market making a distress purchase.


Question: Why do commercials for prescription medications exist?

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 Why do commercials for prescription medications exist?

US resident physician here. I sometimes see ads for drugs I haven't heard of, and I will google them to see how they work. That ad effectively just made a potential prescriber to look up their product. It might be that a patient comes in asking about the drug, and I say "I'm not very familiar with this drug, but I will read about it and get back to you." For me personally, I've never ended prescribing something because of this, but I can see the potential for it. If nobody knows about your drug, nobody will prescribe it. Advertisements reach doctors directly, and also indirectly after patients start asking about it. It's nearly impossible to keep up-to-date with all the new medicines, so we generally rely on things like major journals, conferences, and interactions with colleagues in our field to stay up-to-date. These advertisements ultimately influence prescribing practices, for better or worse.


Question: Why are subjects illuminated by blue light so hard to show on TV?

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 Why are subjects illuminated by blue light so hard to show on TV?

When a digital camera sensor picks up light that has a very bright color or overall light it can clip at the top. Basically the blue is so much brighter than everything else that the camera can't tell the different intensities of blue anymore so it records them at maximum brightness. This gives an area of full bright blue that is no longer a good representation of what it looked like live. HDR helps fix this by giving more possible brightness values for each color.


Question: If Bell Pepper (242.5 mg) have higher Vitamin C content than Orange (53.2 mg) then why did James Lind preferred Orange in curing Scurvy back then?

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 If Bell Pepper (242.5 mg) have higher Vitamin C content than Orange (53.2 mg) then why did James Lind preferred Orange in curing Scurvy back then?

They may not have known about the high levels of vitamin C back then... they just knew it had to do with citrus. Also, oranges are much heartier at room temp. A pepper will only last a couple days, while oranges can last for weeks/months, and that’s clearly beneficial on long sea voyages.


Question: How did people talk to people on different continents back when we only had land lines?

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 How did people talk to people on different continents back when we only had land lines?

There are lots of physical telephone cables under the Atlantic and elsewhere. These trace their history back to underwater telegraph cables that were laid in Victorian times. [Map of Atlantic cables 1858]( URL_0 ) The British Empire worldwide was similarly connected in this era. More recently (post WW2) saw the development of satellites with ground stations either side beaming telephone signals up and back.


Question: what are the differences between an exempt and non exempt salary employee?

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 what are the differences between an exempt and non exempt salary employee?

Exempt employees are "exempt" from overtime pay. That means you are not required to be paid overtime, ever. Exempt employees are generally white collar workers in management or professional (usually educated) positions and almost always paid on salary basis. If your position is primarily management and you're salaried, there is a quite good chance you're exempt. Non-exempt employees are your standard employees and all overtime and minimum wage requirements apply, even to salaried employees (who must get paid overtime, yes even in excess of their salary). You get paid overtime, meaning you get paid for every hour you work, no matter what. Non-exempt employees are the "catch all", its everyone who is not *specifically* an exempt employee. Its the exempt people that are the exception, the non-exempt person is the standard.


Question: Why do soap operas look differently than any other TV show?

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 Why do soap operas look differently than any other TV show?

Frame rate Films and most TV shows are filmed on... film. You'd get 24fps from them Soap operas are usually cheaply made, so they don't bother with film, they record directly to video (a video tape, or digital video). You can get frame rates of up to 50 or 60fps usually


Question: Why do people hallucinate when they have fevers (for extended periods of time)?

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 Why do people hallucinate when they have fevers (for extended periods of time)?

Not a doctor/biologist, but from what I understand, fevers are caused by your body essentially heating itself up, hoping to kill any intruders. However, the body cannot selectively heat itself up (as in heat only the heart, or the arms, etc.), and your brain heats up too. In the brain, there are a lot of complex processes; there are nerves that operate, enzymes that cannot operate (efficiently) above a certain temperature, etc. Essentially, your brain overheats, and the specific areas of the brain that deal with sense perception also overheat. I can't confirm this, but I would think that heat would also effect the speed that nerves transmit impulses, and whether they transmit at all.


Question: Can someone explain The Standard Model Lagrangian equation?

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 Can someone explain The Standard Model Lagrangian equation?

It's an equation which contains all the fundamental fields in the Standard Model and their various interactions. For example, A is the photon field, W is the W-boson field, Z is the Z-boson field, the fields labelled by g are the gluon fields, fields labelled by q are the quark fields, e is the electron field, the fields labelled by the Greek letter nu are the neutrino fields, etc. This Lagrangian contains interactions via the strong force, weak force, electromagnetic force, and the Higgs mechanism.


Question: How were computers powerful enough to send people to the moon, with just a few kilohertz and kilobytes?

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 How were computers powerful enough to send people to the moon, with just a few kilohertz and kilobytes?

The code was ultra-stripped-down, with as much work as possible done beforehand, so that it only had to do a minimum of calculation...and still, in some situations, the computer couldn't do things fast enough. Why is modern software so much heavier? * It has a user interface. The Apollo computer would give messages like "1202", and you had to know what that was, or you had to look it up. Modern software would say "Warning: Execution overflow. The following tasks have been deprioritized to maintain critical flight functionality. Press here to reassign execution priority." * It's more flexible. The Apollo systems were designed for one mission, with very little latitude for anything unexpected to happen. With modern software...well, when was the last time you had a program fail because it didn't like what brand your RAM sticks were, or your motherboard, or your SATA configuration? Almost never happens. Modern software handles exceptions, and recovers from problems, really well - so well that sometimes we don't even realize it just saved our document, or our Reddit post. * Modern software is way more idiot-proof. People like me use computers every day and hardly ever cut ourselves, but the astronauts trained for months to get used to the Apollo systems, and still Armstrong and Aldrin didn't know what a 1202 was, and Conrad and Gordon didn't know what "SCE to AUX" was.


Question: How can scientist determine what things are made of on different planets or moons?

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 How can scientist determine what things are made of on different planets or moons?

imagine you drop a ball. ball 1 hits wood, ball 2 hits carpet, ball 3 hits metal. you'll notice when you do this, each ball bounces to a different height. If you couldnt see the floor but only know the height the ball bounces you could reasonably guess what kind of floor it hit. Now instead of a ball, they use light. We know how light bounces off different elements and using that, we can tell whats there.


Question: Why does marijuana seem to increase the efficacy / potency of other drugs?

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 Why does marijuana seem to increase the efficacy / potency of other drugs?

It's not anything about marijuana per se, but the best answer I can give you is mixing stimuli that act on different neurotransmitters can have compounding effects, like serotonin syndrome, or like the famous DJ screw who died from mixing cocaine, alcohol, and codeine cough syrup. Marijuana in particular affects your dopamine levels, so combining that with alcohol pronounces the depressant "downer" effects and the naseua. It also throws you "sideways". I say there's "siders", or disassociatives like DXM, as well as uppers, downers, and hallucinogens. Marijuana is actually quite hallucinogenic, and when combined with the depressant effects of alcohol I feel a bit "sideways" or disassociated. The street term is "crossfaded", and it's actually very harmful for your brain chemistry to do regularly.


Question: what is the meaning of true positve ,true negative ,false positive and false negative?

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 what is the meaning of true positve ,true negative ,false positive and false negative?

AFAIK, First value: observed, Second: expected PS: thanks /u/schnutzel 1. True positive: Expected to be true, and was true. 2. True negative: Expected to be false, but was false. 3. False positive: Expected to be true, but was false. 4. False negative: Expected to be false, and was true. For example, the term 'false positive' is used by antivirus companies. False positive is when antivirus thinks that file is a virus, but in reality, it's not a virus (so it was true (expected by the antivirus), but was false (observed by humans)). In this context, I answered the question.


Question: Why does battery powered electronics (such as a remote or an electrical toothbrush) lose power as the battery is weakened and not work at full power till the battery is dead?

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</answer>
 Why does battery powered electronics (such as a remote or an electrical toothbrush) lose power as the battery is weakened and not work at full power till the battery is dead?

A battery's voltage decreases as it is drained of energy. Think of voltage (electrical potential) as water pressure. You hang up a bucket of water and open a hole on the bottom to shower. The water pressure at the start is strong from the weight of water pressing down. However, as the water drains, the pressure weakens and it gets more difficult to wash yourself. This is the same thing that happens with the motors and lights powered by batteries. As the battery drains, these parts lose power gradually until they stop working. One way to prevent this is to put in regulators that fix the pressure/voltage at some level rather than have it decrease over time. Newer electric toothbrushes have this. They will run at full power and only start weakening when they are low on battery.


Question: What is refeeding syndrome and why is it so dangerous for malnourished/starved people?

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 What is refeeding syndrome and why is it so dangerous for malnourished/starved people?

It's a pretty complicated process that relates to electrolytes and hormones in the body. We need to have a supply of potassium, magnesium and phosphorus for proper functioning of the heart. When you're starving, your body gets far more efficient at using energy than it normally is. It reduces production of insulin, too. Its stores of many chemicals, such as potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus, go way down, though they may still have enough to keep the body functioning in its starvation state, in which far less energy is being used. Then suddenly, a whole bunch of food is introduced to the body, which demands a lot of resources to digest and process. Suddenly the body needs to make a lot of insulin, and it needs to use electrolytes in this process, plus the metabolism is increased a lot due to the food, meaning faster heartbeat and more breathing to fuel this process. This can cause a lot of problems but usually the first, most serious problem is that the body's stores of electrolytes get depleted fast, which means the heart can't function properly and you get heart failure.


Question: if something is freeze dried can it melt?

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 if something is freeze dried can it melt?

Freeze drying refers to the process of extracting the water from something by freezing it, then lowering the air pressure so that the ice formed by the water sublimates (goes directly from solid to gas). The end product is extremely dry, but can be rehydrated. Many backpacking/camping meals are freeze dried, as removing the water drastically lightens the weight of the food. Once it has been dried, the food can be stored at room temperature in an airtight container (the food will begin to re-hydrate just from the humidity in the air). So, it won't melt in the traditional sense, like an ice cube melting, but it can become quite soggy if left out in a humid environment.


Question: How has Uber been able to sustain itself for so long without having a single profitable year?

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 How has Uber been able to sustain itself for so long without having a single profitable year?

Investors keep giving Uber money. So long as you have people willing to give you money (in the form of loans or investments for ownership) you can keep running at a loss for as long as the money holds out. Investors believe that Uber will _become_ profitable in the future, so they are willing to keep investing to help Uber get there. When investors no longer feel that Uber has a profitable future, then it will need to get profitable _really fast_ or it will collapse.


Question: Why do multi-billion dollar companies reach their limit within days of a lockdown to a point where government needs to bail them out? Do they not save money for rainy days ?

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 Why do multi-billion dollar companies reach their limit within days of a lockdown to a point where government needs to bail them out? Do they not save money for rainy days ?

in business sense, money "saved" in the bank account is stale money that isn't making profit. businesses aim to have a streamlined financial situation. moreover, the owners and investors PUSH public companies not to have stale money. investors want the company to get more profit, not sit on a million in cash in the bank.


Question: why is cooked fish "flaky" and layered compared to beef, poultry, pork, mutton, etc?

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 why is cooked fish "flaky" and layered compared to beef, poultry, pork, mutton, etc?

Muscles, aka meat, contract. That's what they do. They can't exactly bend on their own. Most animals we eat move by contracting muscles: think what happens when you bend your forearm:your biceps contracts and pulls your forearm closer to your upper arm. Fish, on the other hand, move by wiggling their whole bodies. To imitate this 'bend' many smaller muscles are connected one to the next to the next. Think bending your index finger: each part pulls the next one closer and the next one, the one after it. When cooked, the connections between the muscles softens, that's why it seems flaky.


Question: Why does government spending stimulate the economy? Where is that money coming from?

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 Why does government spending stimulate the economy? Where is that money coming from?

Imagine you are making $300 a month. You'd be pretty poor, need a few roommates, eating rice and dried beans a lot, walking everywhere. Now imagine VISA sends you a credit card with no limit. You go buy a car, move into a luxury condo, eat at fancy restaurants every day, and when the bill comes, you just take a cash advance and send in the minimum payment. You are living a lot better than you were, and creating jobs at the restaurants, so they are living better too. That's exactly what the government does. It borrows the money and just pays the interest - with borrowed money. Spending more than you have makes your life better, for now. The US is already spending a trillion dollars that it doesn't have every year. Notice that no one is talking about that deficit spending, or how it has been propping up the economy. But watch what happens when a Democrat is in the White House. The GOP that created this deficit with its tax cuts for the rich will talk about nothing but the need to reduce the deficit, because they know that will kill the economy and make the Democrat look bad. Watch and see.


Question: If Fire needs oxygen to burn, how does the sun burn when there’s none in space?

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 If Fire needs oxygen to burn, how does the sun burn when there’s none in space?

The Sun is not on fire. The Sun is not literally burning. What is happening in the Sun is **[nuclear fusion]( URL_0 )**, not fire. Nuclear Fusion is when intense gravitational pressure, deep in the core of a star, forces elemental hydrogen atoms so close together that they fuse into elemental helium atoms. When this fusion reaction occurs it releases a lot of energy, which becomes heat and light, which then makes the Sun's outer layers glow incandescently. Nuclear Fusion does not require oxygen, because nuclear fusion is not fire. All that is required for a star to form is for enough hydrogen gas to get compactified into a ball by the weight of its own gravity until that hydrogen starts to fuse.


Question: Why is a single Venusian day longer than a Venusian year?

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 Why is a single Venusian day longer than a Venusian year?

When an object is in a close proximity to the body it orbits, over time the gravitational pull will slow the spin of the moon or planet. It sometimes but not always ends with the moon or planet becoming tidally locked to the parent body. In the case of Venus, it's rate of rotation is so slow it only spins at about 4MPH, where as it's speed orbiting the sun is much faster than that. Venus also spins backwards relative to it's orbit. These factors lead to the unique Venutian calendar. For instance our moon is tidally locked to Earth and so presents the same face to us anywhere in it's orbit. It doesn't appear to spin, to us looking at it down on the ground. So a day on the moon is caused by it's orbit around Earth, rather than by it spinning in place. It is spinning by the way, but it's rate of spin precisely matches it's rate of orbit.


Question: How can high speed cameras (5 trillion fps) capture photons?

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 How can high speed cameras (5 trillion fps) capture photons?

They are recording the reflections from the photons hitting different objects. What they can see is the light hitting different parts of an object at different times. The trick to this is to send out multiple pulses of light and then take a short picture of the scene for each pulse of light at different times. If you have ever been to a museum where they have the falling water droplets in a strobe light you can see it is the same technique. It looks as though the water droplet is hanging still in the air but in fact it is different droplets each time you see it but you only see it when the strobe light flashes and the droplets are in the same place when this happens.


Question: Why doesn’t it normally thunderstorm during the winter?

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 Why doesn’t it normally thunderstorm during the winter?

Thunderstorms are very energy intensive events that are driven by the sun heating up and evaporating water, and then the release of that energy by the water recondensing. There are two factors at play that prevent storms in winter: 1. Less sun and colder weather means less evaporation, which means less water and energy available. 2. Cold air can't hold as much water, which means the atmosphere can hold less potential energy on top of the first issue. No energy and too little water means no thunder storms. Interestingly, there's an exception to this around the Great Lakes, called thundersnow. The Great Lakes hold a lot of water and retain a lot of heat, but the land nearby can get very cold. This means that you can get localized thunderstorms on the east coast of those lakes that has thunder and lightning, but snows instead of rains.


Question: Why can't food be refrozen once it has been unfrozen?

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 Why can't food be refrozen once it has been unfrozen?

It can, but there are two reasons not to. First is contamination. Freezing slows the growth of bacteria and mold. When you unfreeze, that growth starts again. When you then freeze it again, all that contamination is still there. Second is by freezing and unfreezing and freezing again, you are destroying the cells of the food, and dehydrating it, so it will taste worse and worse the more times you do it.


Question: Why do the pictures NASA releases to the public look like CGI?

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 Why do the pictures NASA releases to the public look like CGI?

Part of it is because space lacks reflections. Really good CGI makes great effort to map all of the light sources and reflections in a scene. And I don't mean just mirrored reflections, but also the way light bounces off a wall and interacts with something like a couch. And there is also light from the adjacent room hitting that couch. So to make a realistic CGI couch, you have to model how different types of light hit the couch from dozens of angles. But in pictures of planets, there is usually only one light source: the Sun. So just like CGI modeling a couch with only one light source will look "fake", a real rock in space tends to look fake with only one light source. It is actually pretty easy to create a convincing asteroid in a 3d modeling program like Blender. But a realistic couch? That's hard.


Question: Why do we have to eat multiple times a day? Why can't we just eat a lot at once then not eat for several days?

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 Why do we have to eat multiple times a day? Why can't we just eat a lot at once then not eat for several days?

A lot of it has to do with humans being mammals, since most mammals use energy from digestion and other processes to maintain a stable body temperature (the [naked mole rat]( URL_0 ) largely doesn't do this). Think of it like a fire: if you want the fire to burn, you have to keep adding fuel and make sure the fire can breathe. No fuel means no fire, and that doesn't work as well for mammals than for reptiles, for instance.


Question: What speaks against bees being conscious? If they aren't conscious, how is their behaviour explainable with instincts only?

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 What speaks against bees being conscious? If they aren't conscious, how is their behaviour explainable with instincts only?

> What speaks against bees being conscious? I don't know, "conscious" is generally taken to mean something which is aware and responding to one's surroundings. Bees definitely fit this description. > If they aren't conscious, how is their behaviour explainable with instincts only? That isn't quite the same idea, something can be responding instinctively but also be conscious. However the basic idea that bee behavior can be explained entirely by instincts isn't unreasonable. They simply respond as their evolved instincts would indicate in certain situations.


Question: Why aren't all sounds "music"? How is it that we perceive some as melodic but most are just noise?

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 Why aren't all sounds "music"? How is it that we perceive some as melodic but most are just noise?

It's mostly because of how humans recognize patterns. There's tons of atonal music where there is no key that is followed, but there's still patterns there. Whenever you hear a fan making white noise, there's a pitch there, but you might not find a pattern. Some abstract music might not be considered music by this logic, but that goes deeper than your eli5.


Question: Why have no deer species been successfully domesticated?

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 Why have no deer species been successfully domesticated?

They have been. They just aren’t as useful as other animals so it’s usually done for niche things. Farming or raising cattle /animals of any sort is usually not a high margin business and therefore raising such an inefficient animal (no wool/hair, no milk, low weight/feed, etc etc) means you need some other economic reason or are doing it just because. Edit: by “no wool,milk, etc” I mean commercially viable.


Question: . If someone needs to take an MRI scan but has metal implants in them, how do they go about doing the scan?

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 . If someone needs to take an MRI scan but has metal implants in them, how do they go about doing the scan?

Most implants are titanium or ceramic nowadays. Medical equipment manufacturers have been intentionally marketing implants as “MRI safe”, because of how important MRIs are to modern medicine. Older implants or those not rated for MRI safety make you ineligible to get an MRI, as it would likely kill or injure you to even enter the room with the machine. In those cases, CAT or PET scans are used.


Question: Why do eggs become solid when we cook them?

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</answer>
 Why do eggs become solid when we cook them?

Eggs contain a lot of proteins. Proteins in normal states have a very precise structure and there are 4 levels of that structure. While proteins have their structure intact, they look like a ball of tangled string. If you heat up these proteins, they start to unwind, destroying this tangled webs of bonds and unwinding. Now, proteins are really long, while tangled they occupy a little space but when untangled they are super long and act like interlaced book pages and its harder for them to move. They change from a gel-like substance to a solid. Internal structure of these proteins lets light go trough it but once they are untangled they stop light, thats why they change from a transparent gel to a white solid. EDIT: The process in known as denaturation and occurs not only due to heat, read about it on wiki, theres a lot of info about how the process works.


Question: - Why does the kettle stop whistling as soon as you turn off the heat? I would think it would continue for a little while after

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 - Why does the kettle stop whistling as soon as you turn off the heat? I would think it would continue for a little while after

Water in liquid form does not rise above 212 deg. F, it turns to gas at this point. Once removed from heat and the water falls just one degree below 212, it will stop producing gas. EDIT: There are a lot of factors in addition to what I stated such as surface pressure, surfactants, hermetic seals, etc, but nonetheless is the same conclusion.


Question: how does community college work in the us and how is it different from a regular university?

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 how does community college work in the us and how is it different from a regular university?

Generally people stay there two years (versus four) people take their general education classes there to save some money before they do their speciality classes at “regular university” And/or They earn a degree called an associates degree which is worth less than a bachelors degree where they pick complete a major but not to the depth of a BS


Question: Why is punching through a wall or smashing a glass object so much more satisfying than squeezing something like a stress ball when you're angry?

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 Why is punching through a wall or smashing a glass object so much more satisfying than squeezing something like a stress ball when you're angry?

When we're angry and/or stressed, it's often because we feel as though we don't have control over our circumstances. So by physically destroying inanimate objects, we are exerting control of our own over those items, reminding ourselves that we do have power and capability, even if that power to smash something fragile doesn't actually fix the original problem.


Question: On a chromaticity diagram why is green so different than the other colours?

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 On a chromaticity diagram why is green so different than the other colours?

So here is xy chromaticity diagram: URL_1 It is a diagram that contains all the different chromaticities that human can see. The problem is that it is displayed on a monitor. Monitors can't show all the colors taht human can see. Here is xy chromaticity diagram where only the colors that a standard PC display can show: URL_0 The gray area cointains colors taht your PC display can't show. The colors are scaled to gray so it looks a bit dull. But it gets the point across: Most of the colors in the full color diagram are not correct on PC display. So the diagrams that show all colors also have to weirdly scale the colors that the monitor can't show.


Question: Why would muscles feel fatigued after alcohol?

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 Why would muscles feel fatigued after alcohol?

Alcohol can play a role in interfering with the breakdown of lactic acid. This causes your muscles to increase in soreness after physical activity Alcohol damages amino acids in yourbody that are needed for energy. The interference of amino cause a decrease in energy and muscle recovery that your body needs.


Question: - WeWork - How can the CEO walk away w/ a $1.7B payout when the company has never turned a profit?

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 - WeWork - How can the CEO walk away w/ a $1.7B payout when the company has never turned a profit?

Adam Neumann isn't just the CEO of WeWork, he's also the majority owner. Or *was* the majority owner. The reason he's getting paid is because SoftBank is buying the company from him. That's what he's being paid for - his ownership in the company. His role as CEO has nothing to do with it. Think about it like this, you both drive and own your car. If you sell the car then you're no longer it's driver. But you're not being paid to stop being the car's driver, you're being paid to stop being the car's owner. It just so happens that the new owner of the car also doesn't want you driving it. Adam Neumann's situation is the same - he used to be the driver (CEO) and owner of WeWork. Now he's selling WeWork and the new owner doesn't want him to be the driver (CEO) anymore.


Question: We have VRR displays now. When will we see Variable FPS videos?

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 We have VRR displays now. When will we see Variable FPS videos?

Codecs like H264 and H265 already do something akin to variable refresh rate. If two successive frames have very little difference, the codec will only store one frame and display it twice. This allows the effective frame rate for the video to be lower than the quoted frame rate, and is one of the reasons why videos compressed using these codecs are so much smaller than for older video codecs.


Question: How are riders actually added to a bill in Congress?

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 How are riders actually added to a bill in Congress?

They're added as "amendments" to a bill. Getting a bill passed in congress is a game of give and take. Riders are often attached to important spending bills. Congress draws up a bill funding something important (usually the military). Everyone agrees that it must pass. Then powerful Senator Porkbarrel decides "Well, I also want the government to fund a 12 lane superhighway through my state that I will say to my constitutents 'Seee! I brought jobs! Re-elect me!!!!'. So he proposes an amendment for this spending bill to fund he road. Now, he's well respected in Congress and has lots of connections that could help other Congress-critters with their re-election bid. So they all sign on and vote for the amendment. Now, the bill heads to the president. He looks at it and says "Shit...I need to fund the military but there's also this bullshit rider". But he can't veto it otherwise his opponents will scream "SEEEEE! THE PRESIDENT HATES THE MILITARY! DON'T REELECT HIM!". So he signs off on it. There was a line item veto where the president could say "No, fuck this particular part of the bill". But he was axing all the riders and pork so Congress got together and got the supreme court to rule the line-item veto unconstitutional.


Question: Why are Saturn's poles Hexagonal and blue?

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 Why are Saturn's poles Hexagonal and blue?

Only the north pole of Saturn is hexagonal. It turned from blue to gold during the Cassini probe (2012 - 2016). As to why it's a hexagon: no one really knows. One theory is that the edges of the North pole hexagon are extremely cold with a very hot spot at the center. This combination of extreme temperatures could cause the hexagon to appear as the planet rotates, and has been [successfully duplicated in a lab]( URL_0 ). As to why it's blue or gold: it's blue when it's facing away from the Sun, and gold when it's directly reflecting the Sun's light. So it's a little like a change of seasons.


Question: Why does scratching metal gives chills?

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 Why does scratching metal gives chills?

I think it's not known. [This paper]( URL_0 ) analyzed the spectrum of a fingernails-on-blackboard screech. Here's the conclusion: > Our results demonstrate that the unpleasant quality associated with the sound of a solid object scraped across a chalkboard is signaled by acoustic energy in the middle range of frequencies audible to humans. High frequencies, contrary to intuition, are neither necessary nor sufficient to elicit this unpleasant sensation. Still unanswered, however, is the question of *why* this and related sounds are so grating to the ear. The automatic, almost visceral reaction to this sound makes us wonder whether it mimics some naturally occurring, innately aversive event. For example, the complex acoustic stimulus pictured in Figure I very closely resembles some of the spectrograms of warning cries emitted by macaque monkeys (Green, 1975). As another possibility, the signal may be similar to the vocalizations of some predator. Regardless of this auditory event's original functional significance, the human brain obviously still registers a strong vestigial response to this chilling sound. This paper is from 1986 so it's possible that something more has been figured out since then.


Question: When taking a picture of a monitor or TV screen with a camera phone why does the screen seem to have moving waves and lines even after the picture is taken while zooming in and out?

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 When taking a picture of a monitor or TV screen with a camera phone why does the screen seem to have moving waves and lines even after the picture is taken while zooming in and out?

It's called a moire pattern. It's the issue you have when you are looking at something laid out on a grid through a different grid. You end up with a really noticeable pattern of interference that changes as you move the grids relative to each other. & #x200B; Like if you have pixel edges cutting stuff off on a smooth analog picture it's random enough it's not noticeable in most situations, but if you are using one grid to cut off another grid it makes a super super noticeable pattern because it effects a whole line of things the exact same way.


Question: When cleaning, when should you use ammonia? When should you use alcohol? When should you use bleach?

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 When cleaning, when should you use ammonia? When should you use alcohol? When should you use bleach?

Aqueous ammonia (ammonium hydroxide) is excellent at breaking up organic deposits such as grease, oils, mildew, mould, soap scum, etc... It's a staple in glass, mirror, and window cleaners. Alcohol is a powerful disinfectant and organic solvent. Although it can be used as a household cleaning solution, it's not commonly used as such. Rubbing alcohol can be used to disinfect and clean things like needles, knives, jewelry, electronic contacts, etc.. It's more aggressive at breaking up deposits than aqueous ammonia but it's also harsher and more expensive. Rubbing alcohol is also flammable and evaporates quickly. As such, it's not a very ideal surface cleaner. However, it can be used to clean areas which cannot normally be washed or rinsed, such as cleaning spilled soda out from between the keys on a keyboard, where leaving little to no residue is desirable. Rubbing alcohol is outstanding at cleaning finished metal such as stainless steel and chrome because it easily removes fingerprints and oily deposits. It's also great at removing marker and crayon from painted walls and restoring whiteboards. Chlorine bleach is an extremely powerful and extremely cheap disinfectant. It's not a cleaner; it's used to kill virtually everything microbial in nature.


Question: How do magnetics remove tape footage?

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 How do magnetics remove tape footage?

Imagine pencils arranged in a certain way to say something- like a big letter A. That letter A represents the data on the tape. When you run a magnet over the tape, its like swiping your hand through that letter A of pencils. The pencils go every which way, and you won't know what it was by looking at it.