Question: Could we live in an area where the air was a liquid, ignoring the temperature?

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 Could we live in an area where the air was a liquid, ignoring the temperature?

Our diaphragm isn't strong enough to work our lungs with a liquid instead of air, so we'd need mechanical help. That said, for premature babies where their lungs are underdeveloped, there is actually an oxygen-packed liquid them pump in their lungs so they can breath without their lungs drying out. They need a pump to circulate the liquid, though.


Question: Why do needles cause fainting?

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 Why do needles cause fainting?

The needle itself doesn't cause fainting; it's caused by "reflex syncope", specifically "vasovagal syncope": URL_0 The mechanisms in your body that control your heart rate and blood pressure fail - your heart rate slows down, the blood pressure falls, and as a result you don't get as much blood to your brain and you get lightheaded.


Question: If I drink a bunch of soda/pop/la croix/beer, where do the bubbles go?

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 If I drink a bunch of soda/pop/la croix/beer, where do the bubbles go?

Well the bubbles are made of CO2. This as you may know is a chemical your body naturally produces. These bubbles have three ways to leave the body. First is to be burped up. Second is farted out. Finally it can be absorbed through your guts into your blood where it is exhaled just like the CO2 you produce naturally.


Question: Why is antibacterial soap bad?

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 Why is antibacterial soap bad?

They would, but they have to compete with sensitive bacteria for the same resources/space. Here is a post I wrote some time ago that explains the concept: Imagine this scenario: There are 100 bacteria, and 1 of them happens to be resistant. You take a few doses of penicillin, and kill 90 of them. Now, there are 10 left, 1 of which is resistant. If you finish your course, then you kill 95 of them, and your immune system kills the other 5. However, you feel better after half the course, and you stop. There are still 10 left, 1 of which is resistant. They slowly start to regrow, and go back to 100, 10 of which are now resistant. You go get another prescription for penicillin, but do the same thing. Penicillin kills 90% of the bacteria it can (keeping in mind 10 are already resistant), and now there are 9 "normal bacteria" and 10 resistant. Once again, you don't finish the course, and now when the bacteria regrow, 50 are resistant and 50 are not. Now, penicillin is no longer effective, since it can only kill half the bacteria. Obviously this is exaggerated, but given enough people and enough time, the same concept holds true


Question: Can all substances be in all 3 states of matter? If you heat up metal, it will melt, but is there a point where you heat it enough that it will become a gas? Same goes for every substance on earth

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 Can all substances be in all 3 states of matter? If you heat up metal, it will melt, but is there a point where you heat it enough that it will become a gas? Same goes for every substance on earth

The answer is almost entirely "yes". Strictly speaking, heating and cooling alone won't do it - you may also have to change the pressure of the substance. Carbon dioxide, for example, goes straight from solid to gas at normal Earth pressures but does have a liquid state at higher pressures. (Water would show the same behavior at lower pressures, going right from ice to vapor without a liquid state. It does this on Mars, for example, which is why Mars has no liquid water on its surface despite (a) having tons of ice and (b) sometimes going well above freezing temp.) There are also chemicals that, under normal circumstances, will break down or react long before they reach a different state of matter (for example, wood will burn before it melts). But in principle, every substance has a [triple point]( URL_0 ) where the solid, gas, and liquid phases all meet and you can go through any of the three phases by changing temperature or pressure just a tiny bit. Very strictly speaking, I believe helium-4 is speculated, but not known, to have a solid form at high pressures. But that's a rare exception in a material that interacts in extremely unusual ways, at temperatures low enough for quantum-mechanical effects to be important (at which point "liquid" stops really being a good descriptor either, as it doesn't behave like a typical liquid).


Question: Why does the United States keep borrowing money from other countries when it's so deep in debt? Why do other countries continue to provide loans?

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 Why does the United States keep borrowing money from other countries when it's so deep in debt? Why do other countries continue to provide loans?

The US is constantly borrowing more money, but it's also paying back old loans on time and with the agreed interest. It's just taking out new loans faster than it's paying back the old ones. As a lender, you just care whether your loan gets paid back. You only care about the borrower's total debt to the extent that it makes you worry that they might not be able to pay back your loan.


Question: If a lightning strike happens instantly, why does it appear to linger for a second or two?

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 If a lightning strike happens instantly, why does it appear to linger for a second or two?

It doesn't really happen instantly, it takes some time. On average, lightning strikes take about 0.2 seconds. While very fast, that's enough time to appear to hang out for a second. Also, your eyes play a trick on your by making it look like it lasts longer. It's similar to if you look at a bright lightbulb and then quickly look away. You can still see the glow of the lightbulb in you vision even when you are no longer looking at it.


Question: Why do some pots and beakers pour well while others cause liquids to drizzle down the edge, resulting in a mess?

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 Why do some pots and beakers pour well while others cause liquids to drizzle down the edge, resulting in a mess?

It's to do with the shape of the lip. If the lip is too smoothly curved between the inside and the outside, the forces that keep water on the surface of the pot/beaker will be enough to overcome the force that pulls the water away from the surface. If you just have a lip that has an abrupt edge rather than a smooth curve, it will be much harder to make it drizzle and much easier to pour.


Question: Why is India's garbage/river pollution situation so bad?

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 Why is India's garbage/river pollution situation so bad?

Actual indian here... Our pollution is so bad, because the people in power don't care, and the people who do care can't ever get to power. The indian government is a carefully balanced pile of bribery and corruption built over a foundation of pure apathy and greed. While sure, there are some diligent workers at the grassroots lever, and some naive men and women higher up, noone with both the power and the means to actually do any good cares enough. Politicians here just aim to stuff as much of the tax rupees into their own private coffers before the are elected out of office. Further, the common man isn't much better. We just vote for the same greedy pigs over and over again because we cant be arsed to make an educated decision for the good of our own country. The garbage and pollution are just the tips of the massive trash iceberg just out of sight in the sewage clogged depths. Corruption, money laundering, and just plain ineptitude are so ingrained into the Indian life, that we've begun just taking it as par for the course. If you want anything done from an official stand point at all, you better be prepared to bribe liberally. And if you think it could get better with a hard reset, think again. Leave alone following meta rules about accepting bribes and ruling fairly, indians won't even follow the basic rule of "don't overtake a vehicle from the passenger's side". Though I suppose I ought to be praising my country, pride in ones own and all that, fuck it. My country sucks, and if trashing it online is the best I can do, well Imma trash as best I can.


Question: What makes the temperature different from day to day? How can it be sunny one day and feel cooler than a day which is cloudy?

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 What makes the temperature different from day to day? How can it be sunny one day and feel cooler than a day which is cloudy?

There’s a lot of factors. The air is constantly moving around the globe and up and down so it’s temperature isn’t based on your exact position. In winter months the sun is at an angle to the ground so it generates less heat energy. Having clouds for a day or 2 won’t take away all the heat energy built up in the dirt, and that can continue to heat the air.


Question: Why doesnt sodium and other reactive metals react in our body?

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 Why doesnt sodium and other reactive metals react in our body?

When you say reactive forms, for sodium that is just the metal not combined with other elements. I’m sure you’ve seen videos of what pure sodium metal does in water. Sodium in your body is sodium ions, Na^(+). It has already done the reacting you are thinking about which caused it to become an ion.


Question: How do Plasma Balls from Spencer's work?

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 How do Plasma Balls from Spencer's work?

If I recall correctly it works like this: the glass ball is a little bit conductive, so is the air and your hand. But all slightly different. So by holding something onto the glass, the Arc inside now has a different path to the outside. The limited conductivity of the glass prevents you from getting fried.


Question: Why do a lot of people feel more tired in the morning and more awake at night?

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 Why do a lot of people feel more tired in the morning and more awake at night?

Everyone have an internal day and night cycle. This is naturally about 24 hours long but on average is longer. However it is constantly being adjusted by different factors like the light levels and meal times. The issue is that in a modern world with artificial lighting and smart phones we are getting exposed with light whenever we are awake. This have a tendency to skew our day and night cycle forward.


Question: How do we currently or plan to in future navigate through the solar system?

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 How do we currently or plan to in future navigate through the solar system?

Same way we navigated the seas before GPS: the most accurate clock we can make and measuring the angle to stars. The most accurate clock we can make has gotten insanely accurate since the age of sail, and as far as stellar observation a go pro on a satellite does that better than portable instruments from back then, too. Computers are pretty awesome at the calculating positions based on angles.


Question: A current cellular company's commercial is claiming they have 'the fastest 5G in the world'. Isn't that like saying my car travels 55mph faster than anyone else's car does? How does the cellular network speed measurement system work?

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 A current cellular company's commercial is claiming they have 'the fastest 5G in the world'. Isn't that like saying my car travels 55mph faster than anyone else's car does? How does the cellular network speed measurement system work?

5g is a type of connection, not necessarily a speed. So saying "we have the fastest 5g" like saying "I have the fastest *sports car*." Not all 5g speeds will be the same. I believe some company was testing its 5g and it was slower than current cellular connections. Others may be faster. It all depends on your device, the tower, traffic on that network, etc. But the network itself is 5g because that's the type of network. The same way different sports cars can go at different speeds, and you can drive a sports car at 20mph or at 120mph. So the "5g" part is equivalent to the "sports car" part, and doesn't tell you anything about how fast it's going.


Question: Do Lagrangian points allow an object 'dropped' on that location (velocity = 0) to remain in the same spot relative to both bodies?

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 Do Lagrangian points allow an object 'dropped' on that location (velocity = 0) to remain in the same spot relative to both bodies?

Depends on your definition of "relatively large", but yes, and are sometimes referred to as Trojan asteroids. These can (and do) exist for almost all the planets (even earth has *some catalogued), but the majority of known, large ones share Jupiter's orbit easy rule of thumb for stability (although it's a bit of a fudge) is: m1 > 100m2 > 10000m3 i.e. if the star is greater than 100 x the mass of the planet, and 10000 x the mass of the Trojan, the system will be stable for quite some time (again, definitions vary on "quite some time") *edit: more than one


Question: How do people predict weather?

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 How do people predict weather?

They have satellites and hundreds of weather stations with radar towers giving them data. By looking through past data and finding patterns they can predict what will happen next by finding which start of a pattern fits current conditions best. Also using wind direction and conditions upstream you can predict conditions downstream by just saying it will be similar in a few hours.


Question: Do animals recognize when humans help them?

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 Do animals recognize when humans help them?

Since we do not know the personalities of animals, I can only assume - No. Cats ie. - if they are shy/stray and stuck at a rooftop, they may realise that humans provide an escape-route, but as soon they get hold on safe ground, they dash away in terror. Domestic cats rather may show some gratitude - but they do so as well when you pet them.


Question: Why does rubbing your head when you hit it make it feel better?

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 Why does rubbing your head when you hit it make it feel better?

Nerves feel stretch (baro) temperature, pain, pressure. You can only feel one at a time. Pressure beats all in this game of rock, paper, scissors. When you cut yourself and squeeze the cut finger hard you feel the pressure but not the cut. Rubbing hard is a form of pressure, beating out pain.


Question: Why do airlines utilize linear inches (the sum of the length, width, and height) to set the size limits of checked luggage as opposed to other methods like volume, or maximum dimensions (like they do for your carry on)? Is there a mathematical or automation benefit to the 62 linear in limit?

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 Why do airlines utilize linear inches (the sum of the length, width, and height) to set the size limits of checked luggage as opposed to other methods like volume, or maximum dimensions (like they do for your carry on)? Is there a mathematical or automation benefit to the 62 linear in limit?

Because it's a lot easier for a passenger to take a couple straight measurements and add them than to accurately calculate volume. There are fewer size constraints for checked luggage than in an overhead bin, so they don't need to be as precise with maximum dimensions, and the linear inch can give a reasonable enough volume measurement. It's about minimizing hiccups/surprises at the airport, which can cause delays and other problems for both the airline and the passenger.


Question: Why is it so easy for people to form bad habits but so difficult to break them?

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 Why is it so easy for people to form bad habits but so difficult to break them?

So for most people, we develop bad habits that feel good: eating an entire pizza every friday, smoking a cigar in the evening, etc. And it's very easy to do things that feel good. And we want to keep doing things that make us feel good over and over. So to break one of these bad habits, you have to stop doing them (of course). Now you have a chunk of time that you used to feel good during the day when you don't. And we want to stop doing the things that do not make us feel good. This is why replacing a bad habit with a good habit that makes us feel good can be so effective.


Question: The golden ratio. Just, in general. What is it? Why is it so important? What’s special about it?

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 The golden ratio. Just, in general. What is it? Why is it so important? What’s special about it?

Geometrically, the golden ratio is most easily understood as the dimensions of a 'golden rectangle'. The golden rectangle's special property is that, if you cut it into two pieces so the larger piece is a square, then the smaller piece will be another smaller golden rectangle. [Here's a diagram of that.]( URL_0 ) The golden rectangle has been cut apart into a blue square, and a red rectangle, and that smaller rectangle has the same proportions as the one we started with. That's the unique property that makes the golden ratio golden. Now, why is it important? That's a little harder to answer in a general way. This ratio pops up in the solutions to all kinds of different problems in totally unrelated areas of math, including number theory, analysis and geometry. It appears when something keeps getting added to its previous iterations, as in the Fibonacci or Lucas numbers. It appears when you look for fixed points in a lot of systems related to the exponential function. It also is the angle which can fill in angles around a circle most uniformly, which means it's found all over a lot of plant anatomy, in cases where plants have to arrange a lot of somethings around a central something. Pine cones, sunflowers, things like that. [Here is a wonderful exploration of why that is.]( URL_1 )


Question: Why is plastic so cheap and easy to produce but nearly impossible to decompose/get rid of?

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 Why is plastic so cheap and easy to produce but nearly impossible to decompose/get rid of?

Plastic is generally an organic molecule, made up of carbon, hydrogen, sometimes oxygen and sometimes other elements (for example, PVC contains chlorine). It can be produced on huge scales using relatively-cheap materials. But the result is generally a new material which, unlike most other organic molecules, is not eaten by bacteria, which is how most things get broken down to a very small level.


Question: how does a battery work?

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 how does a battery work?

A battery is made of two reservoirs of material, one of which would be in a lower-energy state if some electrons left and the other of which would be in a lower-energy state if some electrons arrived. When you connect them together, electrons flow from the electron-having material to the electron-wanting material, which results in an electric current.


Question: Why do stores only accept plastic soda bottles for recycling? Are they made of more valuable plastic than other forms of plastic?

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 Why do stores only accept plastic soda bottles for recycling? Are they made of more valuable plastic than other forms of plastic?

Because you (by you, I mean the consumer) don't pay a redemption value on other plastics you buy, even if it's made of the exact same plastic. If your soda bottle was made at the same factory as the ones who makes plastic containers for something else (say like the container for Orange Juice or Apple Juice) and you didn't pay CRV for it, then you won't be paid for it.


Question: how come it’s spelled “Capitol” and not “Capital”?

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 how come it’s spelled “Capitol” and not “Capital”?

Thomas Jefferson wanted it to be called the Capitol and not "Congress House", to associate it with the *Capitolium* - the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus (protector of the city) on "Capitoline Hill", one of the seven hills of Rome. It is possible that the word "capital" is also related to this word *Capitoline* but it's not known exactly.


Question: How does a seemingly healthy symptom-free person get diagnosed with a terminal “Stage V” cancer and be given a few months to live?

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 How does a seemingly healthy symptom-free person get diagnosed with a terminal “Stage V” cancer and be given a few months to live?

> Or does cancer not manifest itself until the later stages? Cancer staging varies with each type of cancer, but is generally based on how much the cancer has spread. The aggressiveness (how readily it gets into different organs) and how early you get symptoms totally varies with each type of cancer. These two factors aren't necessarily related, and influence how treatable the cancer is. A lot of the leukemias, for example, can be caught earlier because they affect your blood so significantly that it's very obvious and alarming. They also tend to take longer to metastasize, which helps. Pancreatic cancer can also have early symptoms, but is considered one of the deadliest cancers because of how aggressively it spreads to all the nearby organs in your gut. Other cancers, like the ones you alluded to in your question, don't cause any alarming or noticeable symptoms in the place where they originate, and are only discovered once they've moved all over the body.


Question: Doxxing. Do you have the absolute right to anonymity on the net?

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 Doxxing. Do you have the absolute right to anonymity on the net?

No one has a *legal* right to be totally anonymous on the internet, but we have a culture of privacy (depending on the country you live in but especially online) where it's become a cultural more not to reveal someone's personal and private information, especially for the purposes of threatening them or doing them harm, so naturally many people feel that doxxing someone is a gross violation of how we generally agree to act online. So in that sense it's not a violation of a right, but a violation of an unwritten social contract. Now here's the thing. Many people, myself included, believe that when you use the internet in bad faith for things like intentionally spreading hate or other acts that violate our social norms, you've forfeited your right to anonymity because you drew first blood, so to speak. There are arguments to be made both ways, and no one person has the right answer.


Question: Why do animal clones die prematurely but plants can be vegetatively propagated (essentially cloned) many times over with no ill effects?

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 Why do animal clones die prematurely but plants can be vegetatively propagated (essentially cloned) many times over with no ill effects?

Plants are in general evolutionarily closer to having duplication as a legitimate reproduction strategy. Some plants straight up reproduce by sending out suckers and growing new plants from them, and those plants can be easily and simply divided. It's not impossible to fix damage caused to DNA by replication, it simply isn't done in animals, because dying off to make room for a new generation with new combinations of genes and mutations means that a species is more adaptible to changing environments and can therefore migrate faster and survive disasters better than a species that can't. Typically adaptability isn't a strong selector for species that don't move with simple environmental concerns, which means purposeful die off is a waste of resources. Importantly telemere damage doesn't occur for some types of stem cells, otherwise all species would eventually die off. The same process just happens longer in an individuals life in plants.


Question: Why can't we extract the salt from sea water and use the left over water for drinking?

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 Why can't we extract the salt from sea water and use the left over water for drinking?

We can, google desalination plants. It's just requires enormous amounts of electricity, there are other things in water that also need to be purified, and it leaves you with brine which needs to be disposed of (rather than extracting pure salt, it's easier to convert somewhat salty water to not salty + very salty).


Question: How does the French healthcare system work and why is it rated as one of the best in the world?

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 How does the French healthcare system work and why is it rated as one of the best in the world?

Social security (CPAM) covers 70% of all healthcare expenses that it considers ‘suitable’. For example if a doctor prescribes you antibiotics, social security will pay 70% of the consultation and 70% of the antibiotics. However, if your doctor prescribes you Diosmine, a medication that is not considered ´good enough’ to be refunded, the CPAM will refund 70% of the consultation but it won’t refund any percent of the medication. The remaining 30% are paid by the patient. The patient can choose to buy a « mutuelle », which is a private insurance company, that pays these remaining costs. Patients with chronic diseases/illnesses are considered « ALD30 » which means the CPAM pays 100% of medical costs. The government controls the price of medication and the price of mutuelles. The CPAM is funded by taxes, which are more important than taxes in the USA, especially for indépendants. Source: French doctor Édit: People’s comments below are correct that I did not mention a few things: A specific Mutuelle is sometimes obligatory with your job, in this case you can terminate your current mutuelle and join the one paid by your employer. Depending on the employer a certain amount is deducted from your salary. Most of the time this deal is advantageous. For people who have no salary or earn very little. They can apply for CMU (couverture maladie universelle) which garantes 100% cover by the government.


Question: What is happening when uploads/downloads get stuck at 99%?

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 What is happening when uploads/downloads get stuck at 99%?

The first thing you should know is that progress bars aren’t real. They are somewhat linked to actual progress, but they do not accurately measure progress; they’re just there for the user to be able to visualize what’s happening. That’s why they get stuck on 99% so often; the bar has to keep going forward but if it miscalculates, or if there is a dip in internet speed, or if the next packet to arrive is huge, it can’t usually go back and show less progress. So instead it just stalls at 99%. That being said there are many reasons why the last 99% takes a while. It can be an integrity check of all the previous packets, a very large packet that just takes a long time, or your internet speed or the server speed dips for a variety of reasons.


Question: Why does yawning or chewing gum help our ears pop when changing altitudes?

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 Why does yawning or chewing gum help our ears pop when changing altitudes?

By doing the similar motion between chewing and yawning, you are [able]( URL_1 ) to equalize the pressure in the middle ear with the outside pressure, by letting air enter along the Eustachian tubes, as this does not always happen automatically when the pressure in the middle ear is lower than the outside pressure. More common among divers and aviators is the [valsalva]( URL_0 ) maneuver which is holding your nose and trying to exhale out your nose.


Question: why do stimulatants "fix" ADHD?

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 why do stimulatants "fix" ADHD?

For those with true adhd, hyperactivity is the body’s attempt to stimulate itself and to stay stimulated. So when you give someone with adhd stimulants, the body no longer has to move to stay stimulated, the meds do it. It’s why when people who don’t have adhd take stimulants they are highly energetic.


Question: Why is television static or "snow" always black and white on color TVs?

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 Why is television static or "snow" always black and white on color TVs?

TV static (Also known as snow, or Ant war depending on your native language!) is the result of electromagnetic background noise. Basically when there is no other stronger input signal the TV displays whatever EM garbage it picks up on the antenna. The reason the static is black and white is because of quirk of how TV's process signals. Color was added to TV's after the fact, so to maintain compatibility with legacy signals the color information is stored in a special carrier signal. That signal isn't present in the background static so the TV doesn't interpret the signal it receives as color. So it displays in it's default mode which is Black and White. The source of the static however is far more interesting. Most TV static is actually the TV interpreting the cosmic background radiation, the after shock of the Big Bang. So the next time someone says there's no proof of the Big Bang, you can respond with "Yes, Actually we can see it, just turn on your TV!"


Question: Why do we wake up in the middle of the night even when not triggered by dreams or external stimuli?

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 Why do we wake up in the middle of the night even when not triggered by dreams or external stimuli?

You cycle through different stages of sleep, ranging from lightly asleep to hardcore asleep to dreaming: N1, N2, N3, REM. N1 is light sleep, the transition between awake and asleep. During the night, you move up and down these stages. Sleep isn't an on/off switch--it's a super complicated system. A lot of different things can run this system off the rails, so to speak, and leave you more likely to wake up during the night: alcohol, some medications, stress, sleep apnea, poor sleep habits, shift work, and a lot of other stuff. You can also be woken up during the night and simply not remember what it was that woke you up. For example, people with sleep apnea tend to believe that they woke up for no reason, but in reality they woke up because they stopped breathing, which you might recognize as a bit of a problem.


Question: why is crying a natural response to physical pain as a kid, but not so much as an adult?

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<answer>
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</answer>
 why is crying a natural response to physical pain as a kid, but not so much as an adult?

Crying is communication that alerts others you need help. Adults have the experience to evaluate that they don't need help for minor injuries like bruises and scrapes, and they prioritize other ways to seek help for worse injuries when they are able. But with a bad enough injury, we all cry.


Question: how do reviews get the phones and other electronics and some tear it apart , do they really buy?

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 how do reviews get the phones and other electronics and some tear it apart , do they really buy?

Known and popular reviewers are often sent the product for free (or with conditions of return) on the agreement that they do a review and publish it. Some retailers are honest and know a decent review will come because they made a good product. Some give away expensive product to reviewers on the condition that the review is flawless.


Question: Why do people need pillows?

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 Why do people need pillows?

One of the main reasons we use pillows has to do with the complicated relationship between our heads, necks, and spines. When a person is walking upright during the day, the head and neck are held in vertical alignment over the spine by a complex arrangement of muscles and tendons. During sleep, however, many of these muscles relax, causing the head to fall backward or forwards. This places additional stress on the neck muscles and vertebrae, which in turn triggers stiffness in the back muscles and spine. [source]( URL_0 )


Question: - How fatal can 'static electricity' be?

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 - How fatal can 'static electricity' be?

Since thunderstorm lightning is technically static electricity, it can be very deadly. But I assume you’re talking about the little zap you get from shuffling across the carpet, that’s not dangerous at all. Might bite a bit, but it won’t kill you. Now if you shuffle all around the carpet and on the car seat then go fill your tank, that spark could set off gasoline fumes and turn you into a crispy critter.


Question: Can someone please explain what Pareto principle is and how it helps in decision making?

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 Can someone please explain what Pareto principle is and how it helps in decision making?

In a super ELI5 it's the 80 - 20 rule. Really what it means is that the majority of your problems (80%) will come from a small amount of rootcauses (20%) or if you relate it to sales that the majority of your sales/revenue (80%) will come from a handful of clients (20%). And how it helps in decision making is that it helps you focus on what's important. For instance in the industry I work in (Supply chain) when we look at quality errors/complaints you tend to find that the majority of them (give or take 80%) tend to be caused by the same small group of rootcauses (say 20%). So if you now turn this around and look at all your problems, and then focus on fixing the top 20% of them you will have fixed the majority of your customer complaints (roughly 80%). And this helps you allocate resources. It makes sense to put the most amount of effort/best quality resources on fixing this 20%. The remaining 80% of problems are less important and go down on the priority list. So really what it does is it tells you to focus on the small group of problems that are causing the majority of your problems. (Or focus on improving the relationship/upselling to your small group of customers that buy the most of your product/service) keep in mind it's a rule of thumb and not an exact science. It just helps making quick decisions on where to focus your effort and resources.


Question: What's a credit score and how does it work?

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 What's a credit score and how does it work?

How stuff works also has a good article - URL_0 Basically, it's like that Permanent Record your teacher threatens you with. It's a history of your debt to income ratio, your debt to credit ratio, how many lines of credit you have (aka, how many credit cards), and how old those lines of credit are. This score tells financial people like lenders how much of a risk you are. Do you have a reputation for missing payments or do you have a lot of people you owe money to?


Question: Why do you get better for a few days after receiving a fatal dose of radiation?

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 Why do you get better for a few days after receiving a fatal dose of radiation?

There's the immediate damage like (edit: FIRE) burn which physically damages your body. The body heals that just like a regular burn. But the bigger problem of radiation is that it scrambles the DNA of your cells. This isn't so big of a problem until your cells get old and try to divide and make their replacement, and it finds out that the code to do so is all messed up. Your red blood cells only live ~4 months. (Technical edit#2) and they don't care because they're mindless automatons with no DNA to scramble. But the bone marrow where they get made go from scientists to igors cranking out poorly made franken-blood. And that's real bad. So 2 months go by and half your blood is this new batch of not quite right cells. A percentage at least, it's not like you completely stop making viable new blood. Your brain cells are in it for the long-haul though, so that's more ok with radiation. Skin cells live only 2-3 weeks. If the replacement cells are messed up, and every other cell is this mindless idiot that doesn't know how to skin then the bodily janitors who have the job of killing off and hauling them away get overloaded. There's too many corpses and the piles of them start rotting. That's the black part. Come on skin. I need you. Please don't forget how to skin. You're my biggest organ and you're critical for hugs and keeping my insides in. (edit: sunburns are actually same sort of thing, just only on the surface layer of skin. That was about the worse example I could have picked)


Question: can anyone explain me the butterfly effect?

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 can anyone explain me the butterfly effect?

Most people here have the wrong idea of what the butterfly effect really is. Sure, small actions can have huge consequences, but that's not the point. What it really is about is that tiny changes in the initial conditions of a system can result completely different outcomes. This particularly true with chaotic turbulence and weather. When doing the calculations, just rounding up a single decimal point can sometimes lead to predictions completely different from the more precise calculations. That's why weather is very unpredictable from more than 3 days out. So, no, a butterfly cannot cause a hurricane, but it can potentially result in the hurricane landing in one place instead of the other.


Question: Why does the clouds from an atomic blast look like a mushroom?

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 Why does the clouds from an atomic blast look like a mushroom?

It's not just an atomic blast. Any sufficiently large blast generates an area of hot, less dense gas, while also stirring up significant debris. This hot gas rises, pulling debris with it, generating the rising stem. As it rises, it eventually reaches equilibrium with its surroundings (it reaches air as dense as it is) and spreads out. This forms the cap.


Question: what is Ngnix ? when and why should you use it for your app? And how would you integrate it with the cloud-hosting services such as heroku?

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 what is Ngnix ? when and why should you use it for your app? And how would you integrate it with the cloud-hosting services such as heroku?

It is a solution to the C10K problem. With a typical web server, each HTTP request is a thread, and most computers start have serious performance problems once they reach a certain number of threads (sometimes, but not always about 10,000 threads). At that point, you need more web servers, no matter how big and strong your hardware is. Ngnix is a Linux based solution that uses an event-driven web server that doesn't assign a thread to each connection, making it more scalable. They also have an email server that takes the same approach. > And how would you integrate it with the cloud-hosting services such as heroku? There is really nothing special with Ngnix when it comes to the cloud. If Ngnix is one of the OS images they can spin up for you, you use it on the cloud like any other application stack.


Question: What would happen if our number system wasn't base 10?

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 What would happen if our number system wasn't base 10?

Whether or not you call a small feline animal "a cat" or "el gato" doesn't change what you're talking about, it only makes some things more or less complicated. The same is true when talking about number bases. It's just changing vocabulary or speaking in a different dialect of the same language.


Question: What is up for debate about the question “If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound?”

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 What is up for debate about the question “If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound?”

It isn't about the tree. It's about the philosophical question "If a thing happens and no one witnesses it, can it be said to have happened?" It's an interesting discussion about whether a thing totally outside of human knowledge can be recorded or discussed in any meaningful way. Does an unobserved thing exist? It's impossible to know, because you would have to observe it, and thus defeat the purpose of the conjecture, to ever confirm that it did or didn't exist.


Question: If radio waves have been used for over 100 years then why are we just now using waves like 5G to communicate?

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 If radio waves have been used for over 100 years then why are we just now using waves like 5G to communicate?

We never needed it and the electronics are more complicated. The frequency range of 5G gives you a high data rate, which we only started to need with mobile internet everywhere, but you pay for it with a very short effective range. For previous applications, a long range coupled with a lower data rate was far more desirable. You can call a dude half the world away on shortwave, with 5G you are limited to a few kilometres at best.


Question: Why is it that when we sit in the sun with our eyes closed for a while, when we open them again colours look so much more vibrant?

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 Why is it that when we sit in the sun with our eyes closed for a while, when we open them again colours look so much more vibrant?

The skin of your eyelids lets light shine through. But there's blood inside that skin. So you see a red/orange color. After you've stared at red/orange for a while the color cones in your eyes get "tired". When you open your eyes, the opposite colors - green/blue - will look way bright because those cones are fresh.


Question: Why do we have different types of blood and why are some so rare compared to others?

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 Why do we have different types of blood and why are some so rare compared to others?

Human blood types most likely came to exist to fend off infectious diseases. The incompatibility of some blood types, however, is just an accident of evolution. There are four main blood types. Blood type A is the most ancient, and it existed before the human species evolved from its hominid ancestors. Type B is thought to have originated some 3.5 million years ago, from a genetic mutation that modified one of the sugars that sit on the surface of red blood cells. Starting about 2.5 million years ago, mutations occurred that rendered that sugar gene inactive, creating type O, which has neither the A or B version of the sugar. And then there is AB, which is covered with both A and B sugars. They are rare due to genetics. If not a lot of humans from millions of years ago got the mutation, it will be more rare.