Question: What is the difference between evaporation and vaporization?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between evaporation and vaporization?

Even though someone answered you already, I'd like to elaborate. Both words indicate a phase transition from liquid to gas but under different conditions. If you fill a bucket with a layer of water and leave it outside, by the end of the day you'll see that no water remained. (Assuming that it isn't freezing ;p) Now I can bet anything that during this whole process, I can touch the water without burning my fingers. This is because the water never boiled. This phenomena is called evaporation and is a natural process. It is also possible to force a phase transition by decreasing pressure or increasing the temperature. This will make the liquid boil and in this case, the phase transition is called vaporization. So the words both refer to the same principle but under different conditions.


Question: - was there oil in the ground back in the days of the early dinosaurs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 - was there oil in the ground back in the days of the early dinosaurs?

Most of the fossil fuel we extract today is indeed older then the dinosaurs but not that much older. We do of course have fossil fuel from various different ages. However most comes from the carboniferous era. This was when plants developed plastics like lignin which enabled them to develop strong stems like for example in trees. However bacteria and insects had not developed the ability to digest these plastics and so the forest floors became covered in layers upon layers of dead trees and plants that would never fully rot away. And this is what eventually became oil and gas. When bacteria finally were able to digest lignin this caused a collapse of the forests, desertification, development of various animals and plants better equipped to this new climate like for example reptiles and then after 50 million years of this we got the biggest recorded mass extinction event that lasted for about 30 million years and triggered the development of dinosaurs. For comparison the dinosaurs were around for about 200 million years and became extinct only 66 million years ago.


Question: In baseball are there different batting strokes, as there are in cricket?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 In baseball are there different batting strokes, as there are in cricket?

Only thing I can think of would be opposite (hitting to the opposite side of your position) and bunt. I guess you could consider line drives, fly balls, and pop ups different hits if you wanted to. Mostly it is hitting the ball into the spot that will most likely get you on base or more importantly score a runner already on base. Swinging for the fence is rarely the best tactic.


Question: Why does a car sometimes jump starts with black cable on black terminal of the dead battery and doesn't jumps when on an unpainted metal?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a car sometimes jump starts with black cable on black terminal of the dead battery and doesn't jumps when on an unpainted metal?

The black terminal is the ground, it's connected to the frame of the car by ground straps and bolts and such. So it stands to reason that if you touch the black cable to any unpainted metal then you are in fact contacting the black terminal. Doing this you want to make sure the cable clamp has a good connection to the bare metal (enough current carrying capacity) . I try to avoid body panels because they are painted and the connection to ground through them isn't the greatest. Instead I connect to big frame bolts or the engine block. Works every time. Not a huge deal however to connect directly to the black post.


Question: how do fire detectives find the start of a large fire? Is it more burnt in that specific area where it started somehow?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do fire detectives find the start of a large fire? Is it more burnt in that specific area where it started somehow?

> is it more burnt That’s a big part of it. If you’re investigating a house fire and you can see that the end of the house where the garage is has been almost completely burned away but the bedroom end is intact, there’s a very good chance that the fire didn’t start in the bedroom. So then you can start investigating what’s left of the garage for an ignition source. Same thing with brush fires. If you’ve got a huge field that burned, absent any wind or changes in fuel density, the origin point will be near the middle of the burned area. If there is wind, you can guess where the origin is based on wind speed and direction.


Question: What is the process of supplying more cellular data to a customer on the provider's side? To companies like AT & T and Verizon have an unlimited supply of data to give?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the process of supplying more cellular data to a customer on the provider's side? To companies like AT & T and Verizon have an unlimited supply of data to give?

it's not a matter of there being a finite data limit. that's not what caps are enabled. they are enabled for 2 reasons. $ and performance. with a cap, you can convince customers to pay for higher tier of data for basically the same service. verizon isn't doing anything more for you if you have 4 or 8 gb a month. but they can get you to pay for 8. also, capped data is more likely for people to get charged for overages. 1 million people go over and get charged $10 extra for it. do the math. also, data caps discourage people from using data as often as they would if its unlimited, therefore drastically reducing network congestion. so there's no finite data that verizon or at & t have to give out. it's a service they give out. imagine data is like a highway. you're allowed to use the highway 10x a week and you pay. if you want to use it 20x, you pay more. if you want to use it unlimited, you pay a lot more. imagine if everyone had unlimited, there'd be much more traffic at more times than if most had a 10x a week access.


Question: How do companies perform background checks on prospective employees?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do companies perform background checks on prospective employees?

For most private companies, it is typically a check of your references, your past employers, your criminal convictions, a credit check, and/or a social media search. For a government job, it can include a thorough criminal check, including criminal records beyond convictions that are not publically available. It can also include an investigator going around interviewing friends, neighbors, and coworkers.


Question: how is liquid nitrogen kept cold? Can it be kept in a bottle for a long period and still be cold?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 how is liquid nitrogen kept cold? Can it be kept in a bottle for a long period and still be cold?

LN2 is stored in dewar's for smaller amounts or in cryogenic tanks for larger quantities. Dewar's are just high efficiency thermos tanks usually with a vented lid. Why the vent? Because no thermos is perfect at retaining temperature, so as temp goes up, the volume increases and there is a phase change from liquid to gas. The cryo tanks usually have a mechanism for keeping the tanks chilled so as to keep the LN in a steady state. Edit: typo


Question: Why do so many American TV shows & movies film in Canada? Does Canada look more "American" than the actual USA?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do so many American TV shows & movies film in Canada? Does Canada look more "American" than the actual USA?

Our urban environments look identical to yours.... and there are numerous companies in Toronto, Vancouver that specialize in providing cars, police cruisers, ambulances etc. with big American city decals, providing USA Today newspaper kiosks, USPO mail boxes etc... our provincial and federal governments give huge tax breaks to film and tv production companies, our major cities have world-class film studios, our actors and actresses already can do most American style accents and for clothing extras, really we wear the same shit that you guys do. When a US film crew needs to film a downtown city street in say New York or Chicago, both of those fine cities have film and tv relation offices. To close a major city street costs you $$$$. But.. with the exception of architectural or film purist nerds who can actually spot the difference, a downtown Toronto or Vancouver street looks enough alike that it makes no difference. And to close one of our streets will cost a lot less. Oh, and with the exchange rate being what it is, American productions can afford it that little bit extra more.


Question: What is the science behind 'cooking' scallops with lemon/lime?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the science behind 'cooking' scallops with lemon/lime?

Fish, meat, poultry etc. are made of proteins. When protein is heated enough it "denatures", which changes the folding of the protein molecules - the meat becomes harder, changes color, and so on. Exposing proteins to acid (lemon juice) also denatures proteins. So that's why soaking scallops in lemon juice has a similar effect to cooking them.


Question: Why can't an operating system contain kernels from multiple operating systems, allowing programs from either OS to run?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't an operating system contain kernels from multiple operating systems, allowing programs from either OS to run?

Because kernels expect to have direct access to the hardware. If you attempt to run an OS kernel as a regular program under an OS, first it will fail because the kernel expects to be loaded differently than regular OS programs (usually a kernel is loaded by a small program called a *bootloader* which is written to the first sector of the disk, which is what is loaded by the BIOS). But that's fixable, the kernel is just bytes after all. It's pretty trivial to write a regular program that runs under an OS, puts the bytes of the kernel code into memory, and then executes them. There are some more technical hurdles to get the kernel code actually running [1], but the fundamental problem is that the kernel code will try to directly access some hardware devices. If the OS is running in an environment with hardware protection -- as modern OS's generally do -- it will terminate the kernel process with an error when it attempts to directly access hardware. If the OS doesn't have hardware protection, the guest kernel will succeed in its attempts to access the hardware. But the problem then becomes that the guest kernel and host OS each expect to have exclusive access to the hardware, but in reality they're both sending and receiving commands to the hardware. Lots of incorrect usages of the hardware means that the system will quickly become non-functional. One approach to solve this is to have the host OS mediate access or provide virtual hardware devices to the guest kernel. This is called *virtualization* and is very popular because it saves lots of money -- buying a new physical computer is pretty expensive, but running a new virtual machine in a physical computer you already have is basically free. Three common virtualization products are Xen, VMWare and VirtualBox. Another approach is to re-write the kernel to talk to the operating system instead of trying to access hardware directly. It's no longer exactly a kernel, it's more of a user mode program. This is the approach taken by User Mode Linux, a way of building the Linux kernel to produce a program that can be run under an operating system. [1] One problem specific to PC's is that an x86 processor starts up in *real mode* which is a 16 bit environment. Some ancient operating systems (i.e., DOS) are actually written to run in this environment. But any mainstream PC operating system less than fifteen years old will only have a little bit of real mode code, the sole purpose of which is to set up the processor to switch to *protected mode* which is the 32-bit or 64-bit environment used by the vast majority of the kernel code and user applications.


Question: why do songs get stuck in our heads? And why is it so hard to get them out?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do songs get stuck in our heads? And why is it so hard to get them out?

Our brains enjoy finishing patterns. We tend to pay attention to the beginnings and not the end until it finishes. So we forget the middle or end, and we keep trying to finish the pattern. It’s especially susceptible to songs that fade out because there’s no end to the rhyme. Source: I’m a psych major.


Question: When we're born are we in peak condition? If not, why?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 When we're born are we in peak condition? If not, why?

Newly-born humans are at their peak in one thing: skin quality. A baby's been moisturized for 9 months so their skin feels great. Otherwise, a newborn is pretty useless. It can't move it's head so it can suffocate if improperly placed. It can't move on it's own. It has no immune system so it's very weak to sickness. It's stomach is so small, it needs to feed every 2 hours. These are definitely not peak conditions.


Question: Why does hot water help dissolve old dirt on dishes but cold water doesn’t? Also, why is dirt harder to wash away if you leave it overnight?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does hot water help dissolve old dirt on dishes but cold water doesn’t? Also, why is dirt harder to wash away if you leave it overnight?

Heat produces fast moving molecules in the water. That's why water boils. The molecules are super agitated. That's why tea dissolves faster in boiling water instead of cold and that's also why dirty dishes are easier cleaned with hot water. Over night the dirty dishes become caked in their sauces, it loses water it dissolves in the air, leaving behind crusty hard dirt. The crusty dirt is not a liquid anymore henceby being harder to clean.


Question: What exactly is going on over at r/wallstreetbets?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly is going on over at r/wallstreetbets?

Normally on the stock market, you buy stocks of companies. These stocks fluctuate in value and usually mirror how well a company is doing. If the stock you bought goes up in value, you can make money. On the other hand, if the stock goes down in value, you lose money. The worst that can happen is that the stock becomes worthless and you lost all money you put into it. A variant of this where you make money if the stock goes down instead of up is shorting. This works by first borrowing the stock from someone else, selling them first and then buying them back later to return them to whomever you borrowed them first. While this allows you to make money if the stock goes down, if it goes up you lose money, and in contrast to normal stocks you can lose more than you originally made as the stock can theoretically go arbitrarily high. You also have to buy the stock back at some point in the future, at which point the stock will go up because of heightened demand. What happened is that someone noticed that the GME stock was heavily overshorted - more stocks were being shorted (borrowed and soled) than were actually available in the market. As I said above, shorting typically leads to a rising stock when the stock is bought back, so he bought in. But he also shared what's going on in /r/wallstreetbets, which has traditionally been opposed to heavy shorting. Now remember that shorts can lead to unlimited lossed as the stock can go arbitrarily high. So the folks at /r/wallstreetbets joined in not just because they expected the stock to go up, but also to cause trouble for whomever shorted the stock so heavily. One might even say that's their primary goal in this situation.


Question: why is wax clear when melted but opaque in a solid form?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is wax clear when melted but opaque in a solid form?

Basically it's caused by crystallization in the wax. Most modern candles and crayons are made from paraffin wax which contain the CnH2n+2 hydrocarbon formula. When solid, these alkyl chains are rigid and align and crystallize. These crystallites scatter light which leads to higher opacity. When heated, the alkyl chains lose their fixed structures and the crystallites melt. the resulting amorphous liquid no longer scatters light.


Question: why does a warm front moving into a cold area produce slow constant rain while a cold front moving into a warm area creates thunderstorms?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does a warm front moving into a cold area produce slow constant rain while a cold front moving into a warm area creates thunderstorms?

A warm front will be lighter and comes up over the cold air. It doesnt change much from before and that's why the rain is slow and constant. The cold front coming in is low and dense. So it under the warm front and hurls the warm air upwards. This makes a lot of movement, aka a thunderstorm


Question: What is the difference between grammatical mood and modality?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between grammatical mood and modality?

Grammatical mood makes known it's modality by the particular inflections that would be obviously seen as attitude or emphasis. Modality is merely the state of being in a particular mode, which can refer to anything. Think of the types of firing of a gun (semi-auti, burst, full auto) as modes or modalities. They are both general terms, but grammatical mood, when expressed (for example anger with a raised voice) becomes a modality. Simply put, grammatical mood specifies the topic of modalities being considered. Every grammatical mood is a modality. Hope this helps.


Question: - Why is, what seems like rape so prevalent in the animal kingdom?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Why is, what seems like rape so prevalent in the animal kingdom?

Because most animals don't have morals. Humanity has gotten to a point of intelligence and society that we don't need to allow ourselves to just procreate willy-nilly. Cats, dogs, and other animals rape as part of procreation because they don't have the morals, the intelligence, the sense of caring for others, that says "maybe they don't want sex".


Question: How do levers work? I understand the math but the fact that mechanical advantage pops up just because of relative distance between two objects around a fulcrum sounds like black magic to me. What are the underlying forces here?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do levers work? I understand the math but the fact that mechanical advantage pops up just because of relative distance between two objects around a fulcrum sounds like black magic to me. What are the underlying forces here?

If you understand the math, then you understand how it works. There’s no “underlying forces” - the math describes exactly how and why levers work. The underlying principle is the conservation of energy; it’s just expressed through the geometry of levers. It basically trades off force vs. distance on which that force is applied.


Question: Why do sharks not bite divers who are right next to them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do sharks not bite divers who are right next to them?

1. Not all sharks are super aggressive and people-eating like the movies say. They’re animals not hunters, they hunt for food, not for fun (usually) 2. Not hungry or you’re not appealing food 3. Already ate your dive partner and are no longer hungry 4. Some sharks only fully grow to a few inches or less though I assume you mean large sharks like great whites 5. They’re probably just checking you out to see if you’re a threat to them or not. If they don’t then they might just chill Think of it like “why do humans not bite cows that are right next to them” You COULD, and it would be food, but it wouldn’t be worth it effort wise, it might fight back, and there’s plenty of easier food around you could catch. I am by no means a shark expert and do not go hugging sharks because of this post


Question: what's the difference between 87, 89, and 93 octane?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 what's the difference between 87, 89, and 93 octane?

In a petrol (gasoline) engine the fuel is supposed to ignite when the spark happens. But it's hot in the cylinder and that might make the fuel ignite before the spark happens, which is known as engine pre-ignition, and that makes the fuel burn incorrectly causing engine 'knocking' or 'pinging'. At best knocking makes a noise and reduces power. At worst it can destroy the engine. The octane rating of a fuel measures its resistance to pre-ignition. It's a measurement, made using a special test engine, and does not necessarily relate to the amount of actual octane chemical in the fuel. Your car's engine will have been designed for a certain octane rating. Use that if you can. Using lower octane in a modern car won't normally do any harm because the engine computer adjusts but it must do so by limiting the engine's power. So if your car should have 93 but the gas station only has 89 don't worry too much. Using lower octane in an older car may cause knocking. Using higher octane gives no benefit and wastes money. On a final note, Europe measures octane rating a bit differently to the USA. European 98 is about the same as US 93. So if it ever seems like European fuels have crazy high octane, they don't, it's just the units measuring it.


Question: When the body is exposed to a foreign molecule for the first time, how does the liver know how to metabolize said molecule?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 When the body is exposed to a foreign molecule for the first time, how does the liver know how to metabolize said molecule?

Your liver doesn't "know" anything. It just produces a bunch of enzymes that are capable of a bunch of reactions at all times. If a molecule that happens to fit into one of them bumps into it, the reaction happens and the molecule is metabolized. It just so happens that there are a *lot* of different organic molecules that plants and animals make to try and poison each other, so our livers have standing defenses against a lot of them. Additionally, many enzymes work on broad "classes" of molecules, or on common sub-units of molecules. This makes them more flexible, so that a single enzyme can counter many similar threats.


Question: What does it mean for UK to leave EU? How will it affect UK citizens and the world?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does it mean for UK to leave EU? How will it affect UK citizens and the world?

Initially nothing will change because the UK has entered a transition period where it's no longer a member of the EU, but all the EU rules still apply. That lasts until the end of this year. After that, it depends on exactly what deal the UK and EU work out. But I think it's safe to assume EU citizens will lose the right to live in the UK unless they are already living there, and UK citizens will lose the right to live in the EU. There will probably also be customs controls between the EU and the UK (or at least Great Britian, Northern Ireland might be different), instead of being able to import goods with no barriers.


Question: how does a battery work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does a battery work?

A battery is made of two reservoirs of material, one of which would be in a lower-energy state if some electrons left and the other of which would be in a lower-energy state if some electrons arrived. When you connect them together, electrons flow from the electron-having material to the electron-wanting material, which results in an electric current.


Question: Why is it so hard to adapt to another sleeping position? And how do we develop a main sleeping position in the first place?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it so hard to adapt to another sleeping position? And how do we develop a main sleeping position in the first place?

Your muscles adapt to a common length based on what you do most often(if you're not stretching and exercising). These contractures and adhesions lead to an optimally comfortable position. Usually it will mimic the life of the person. Desk workers will usually side sleep in the fetal position (closest to sitting in a chair) laborors may sleep on their back with their arms behind their head. Also, a partner and animals, as well as injuries, can alter the sleep position further. Edit: to change, you can get a massage and chiropractic adjustment to realign the body, then sleeping with pillows to hold you in a different position comfortably can slowly change your preferred sleep position.


Question: Why does swallowing stop the pain in your ears when the air pressure changes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does swallowing stop the pain in your ears when the air pressure changes?

There are tubes that run from your ears to your sinus cavities called [Eustachian tubes]( URL_0 ). They're intended to equalize the pressure in your ears, but we evolved in an environment where ambient air pressure changes slowly, so they're not very efficient where rapid changes are involved. Swallowing flexes the muscles around your jaw, near where the tubes run. This has the same effect as flexing a crimped garden hose; the tubes open up for a moment and let the pressure equalize quickly.


Question: How does gravity really work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does gravity really work?

Hi! The bets theory of gravity we currently have is General Relativity (GR), which is a geometric theory of gravity. That is, gravity is not modeled as a force in GR, but rather as the curvature of spacetime. # How does Gravity work in General Relativity? To understand how a curvature of spacetime can lead to the effects we observe around us, we have to understand how curved surfaces change the behaviour of straight lines. First things first: an object that has no force acting on it is force-free. Force-free objects do not accelerate and, therefore, move along straight lines. In a flat geometry, two straight lines which are parallel at one point will remain parallel for all times. That is, two parallel straight lines will never cross on a flat surface. So far so intuitive, right? But what happens, if those straight lines do not move across a flat surface, but instead along a curved surface? We call such straight lines on curved surfaces [geodesics]( URL_2 ). Imagine a [sphere]( URL_3 ) with two lines perpendicular to the equator. As they are both perpendicular to the same line, they are parallel at that altitude. Imagine two objects that are moving along the lines perpendicular to the equator. They start out parallel, and move in a straight line upwards. Despite the fact that neither of them is turning, the two objects that started out moving along parallel lines will meet at the north pole. Hence, despite the fact that both objects are force-free at all times, they experience relative acceleration. Such trajectories, that lead across curved surfaces without turning are called [geodesics]( URL_2 ) and they can be thought of as straight lines on curved surfaces. Objects under the influence of gravity follow geodesics. As energy curves spacetime, geodesics can experience relative acceleration despite the fact, that both objects following said geodesics are force-free. And this relative acceleration of force-free bodies is what Newton mistook for the gravitational force. According to GR, though, there is no force, only curvature which causes force-free objects to move along paths that *seem* accelerated to outside observers. #Why does energy curve spacetime? The [Einstein Field Equations]( URL_4 ) tell us, that the source of curvature is given by the [stress-energy tensor]( URL_0 ). However, GR generally does not tell us *why* energy curves spacetime. The rather unsatisfactory answer to *why mass-energy curves spacetime* is, that physics generally does not provide causal explanations, only descriptions. General Relativity is a model of reality, it is not reality itself – just a representation thereof. And this model yields accurate predictions if we model spacetime as a four-dimensional Lorentzian manifold that is curved by the presence of mass-energy. And since it yields accurate descriptions, we continue to use this model until we find an even better one. ----- For a great video on the basics of GR, check out [this]( URL_1 ) video by PBS Spacetime.


Question: why do gas stations change prices every couple of minutes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do gas stations change prices every couple of minutes?

Gasoline is purchased on contracts and delivered at the local terminal. For much of the US population, this terminal was fed by a gasoline pipeline from greater Houston. When the gasoline is pulled at the terminal from the pipeline, it is a commodity. Exxon going in, Hess coming out. The gas is put into tanks where additives are added to differentiate brands from each other. Gasoline is delivered to the various gas stations, sometimes up to 3 times per day based on volume. Despite getting their gasoline from the same place, different companies do NOT pay the same price. There are spot prices for those with no contracts and contracted pricing for the more sophisticated gas retailers. The price at the pump is determined by what the other stations are charging, NOT the cost of the gasoline. Large gasoline retailers (typically independents) sell gas below cost for most of the year and make all their profits in 3 or 4 months. Competitive surveys are done multiple times per day by the gas stations, usually with managers coming on or off shift driving a pre-determined route and recording all prices. Then the pricing strategy is applied. Some companies want to match the lowest price, some want to best the lowest by one cent, etc. Gas price changes are not instantaneous, but can happen multiple times per day.


Question: What is proof of stake consensus, and how is it considered provably fair?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is proof of stake consensus, and how is it considered provably fair?

Proof of Stake is essentially saying the people with the most interest in a given system are the ones with the most power to validate and confirm other things in that system. The idea is the people making the determination are the ones who don't want to screw it up, while also having something that couldn't possibly be majority owned by one source. In mining or Proof of Work you could get 50% of mining and create a mess, but in Proof of Stake, to get that control you'd have to own more than half of everything, which just isn't really possible. On a real ELI5 level, imagine there's a big club of Pokemon card owners, they all own a bunch of valuable cards, you come in with your cards and want them graded for quality. They people with the most skin in the game are the ones who are most incentivized to make sure your cards and by extension their own, are graded and valued fairly, and they also have the most incentive for no one to introduce fake cards or cheat on or back out of trades. No one person controls it, but collectively everyone wants to stop everyone else from cheating to preserve their own value.


Question: Why do some commercials in commercial breaks start playing, and then immediately cut off by another commercial?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some commercials in commercial breaks start playing, and then immediately cut off by another commercial?

National networks sometimes run local/localized ads targeted at a particular area; so for instance, I live in DC and back when I actually watched TV, I'd see ads for local businesses even if I was watching CNN or Cartoon Network; When I was watching, I noticed that most often, the ad that was getting cut off abruptly was for some product you could buy in stores nation-wide, most of the time, and the ad that was being played was a local business ad; so the conclusion I reached was that the local network was slow in switching out the ad, such that a tiny bit of the nation-wide ad played.


Question: Why stupidity attracts people from a scientific standpoint?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why stupidity attracts people from a scientific standpoint?

People relate to what they understand. Everyone gets jokes, Schadenfreude and kittens. Learning requires energy to assimilate the content and much more to change behaviour. Learning (for real) is hard even if it’s beneficial in the end. That’s why you hear this phrase at CES and other events: “you’ll be able to consume content even more easily”. Not learn. Consume.


Question: If a point has zero dimensions, how does it exist?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If a point has zero dimensions, how does it exist?

A point is a mathematical entity - in other words, an idea - so it exists in our minds. All that "has no dimensions" means here is just "has no size". A point has one or more coordinates, however, which describe its location in the space in which the point exists (on a curve or a surface, in a volume, or in a higher-dimensional space). In the physical world, there is no such thing as a mathematical point: anything we call a point really has three dimensions to it, and three coordinates giving its location.


Question: Why some places on Earth are deserts or have a hot desert climate, despite having nearby large body/s of water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why some places on Earth are deserts or have a hot desert climate, despite having nearby large body/s of water?

In large parts, this is because the air in the Sahara usually does not come from any adjacent place. It comes from above. The areas around the equator get the most energy from the sun and are therefore the hottest places on Earth. (Yes, the Amazon is quite a bit hotter than the Sahara, once you account for night temperatures). Hot air rises. Higher elevation means lower air pressure. So, while the air rises, its pressure falls, and this in turn means that its temperature also falls. Think about how, when a diesel engine compresses the air-fuel-mixture, this heats the fuel up to the point that it ignits by itself. Air rising in the atmosphere and therefore getting colder is the same physical effect, just in reverse. Which leads to the next effect: Cold air can not holf as much humidity as hot air. This means that while the air cools, the humidity changes into water droplets, which fall down as rain. As a lot of rain. Actually, there is so much rain that many of the areas around the equator are known as "rainforests". So now there is a lot of dry air in the upper atmosphere. This air has to come down again at some other place, and this other place happens to be around the 30°N and 30°S latutudes. Now there are of course also other factors to consider, like mountain ranges, but this is the reason why most of the dry areas in the world are located around those latitudes - the Sahara, Saudi-Arabia, Namibia, Australia, Patagonia, Northern Mexico/Texas/Nevada - are located around those latotudes, and almost none around the equator.


Question: What exactly are diatoms and why are they so important to our survival?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly are diatoms and why are they so important to our survival?

diatoms are very *very* small plants (single-celled algae in fact), and like all plants, they produce their own chemical energy using light from the sun. there are a lot of diatoms living in the ocean and soil! it’s important that there are *so* many of them because they produce oxygen as a waste byproduct. they probably produce more oxygen than trees and other land-based plants.


Question: If I toss a coin 100 times, does the option of getting heads 100 times have the same probability as getting 50 heads 50 tails?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If I toss a coin 100 times, does the option of getting heads 100 times have the same probability as getting 50 heads 50 tails?

No. There is only one route to getting 100 heads. There are a **LOT** of routes to getting a 50:50 split. To take a shorter sample of four flips: You can get equal heads and tails from HHTT HTHT HTTH THTH TTHH THHT But you can only get all H from HHHH


Question: Why can’t there be just one currency in the whole world?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can’t there be just one currency in the whole world?

Because there isn't enough uniformity of economic development or performance throughout the world to allow it without negative consequences. Proper operation of the common European currency requires all the countries involved to run their economies in more or less the same way, with limits set on how far they can deviate from the norm. For example, you can't set widely different interest rates to simulate industry or control inflation. To do so would mean wealth flowing either in or out of the country as people moved investments to get the best return.


Question: why are so many things squared (power of 2) in physics? What is it about square values that makes them integral to a lot of things?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why are so many things squared (power of 2) in physics? What is it about square values that makes them integral to a lot of things?

Several things spring to mind. I'm ordering these in terms of increasing math level: the last two only make sense if you've taken calculus, which most five-year-olds haven't. 1) Areas are measured in length squared. Quantities that involve area coverage, or "stuff" spreading out over a certain amount of space, tend to involve squares or inverse squares. (Examples: gravity, electricity, fluid flow) 2) The square of a quantity is symmetric about zero: a negative quantity squared is positive. So if a phenomenon depends on how *much* something changes, but not which *direction* it changes in, a square will often appear. (Examples: energy) 3) We often successively approximate complicated functions using simpler ones via Taylor series: we assume the function is constant, plus a linear slope, plus a squared term ... and often that's accurate enough and we don't need to go to cubes and higher. And because of point #2, the linear slope will often be zero. (Examples: pendulums, wave speeds) 4) Second derivatives seem to hold a special place in the universe -- Newton's Law, Maxwell's Equations, the Schroedinger equation, all involve a second derivative. If some basic quantity (like, say, acceleration) is constant, then it's the second derivative of a squared quantity. My points 2, 4, and maybe 1 are probably related through [Noether's Theorem]( URL_0 ), but that's waaaaay beyond ELI5.


Question: What's a hasty generalization fallacy and what are some examples of it happening right now?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's a hasty generalization fallacy and what are some examples of it happening right now?

It's basically a fallacy of making assumptions based on limited data or ability to observe. The best illustration for it is a joke I heard once. An astronomer, a physicist, and a mathematician are on a train in Scotland. The astronomer looks out the window, sees a black sheep standing in a field, and says "All the sheep in Scotland are black!" The physicist says "SOME Scottish sheep are black." The mathematician says, "In Scotland, there is at least one sheep, at least one side of which appears to be black from this observation point at least some of the time."


Question: How do those glasses that correct color blindness work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do those glasses that correct color blindness work?

They don't "correct", really, but they do help differentiate shades. Our eye has three types of color sensors, or cones. One type mostly picks up blue, another green, and the last red. Note that I said "mostly", because they all overlap some. If someone with normal vision looks a piece of turquoise, their blue cones fire more, but the green and red fire some, too. Take a look at this graph. The colored curves show how responsive each type of cone is to the hues below. URL_0 Now, for the majority of colorblind people, the basic physical problem is that some of their cones are defective and those curves overlap a lot more. If you were to go back to that graph and shift that green curve 50nm or so to the right, it would almost exactly match the red curve. If someone's cones responded like that, their eyes would respond "green" as much as they do "red" when they look at something like a ripe tomato, and it would be almost impossible to tell red from green - which is the most common type of colorblindess. So, what Enchroma glasses do to help is what those gray bars in the background of the graph are showing. They block out a lot of the incoming light at those two big dips in the graph, where the cones tend to overlap and give conflicting information the most. Those glasses help their wearers to tell green from red and blue from green, but they can't actually make their wearers see new colors. They also only work for people with partial color blindness, because without *some* response from all three cones, their trick doesn't work.


Question: Does streaming a YouTube video use the same amount of data regardless of whether it’s actually a moving image? For example, sometimes I just listen to a piece of music and the “video” is just a picture of the album cover. Does this use less data because it’s not a moving image?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Does streaming a YouTube video use the same amount of data regardless of whether it’s actually a moving image? For example, sometimes I just listen to a piece of music and the “video” is just a picture of the album cover. Does this use less data because it’s not a moving image?

Oh man I hope I can explain well enough. Music with just an album cover image should use less data if it's a static image. Less refresh and painting of images on screen means less data is needed. Rewatching/listening to it immediately could potentially save a little data if it's cached and rewound in the browser window but if you refresh the page to reload it, it might use more data, but I'm not sure how YouTube handles that content in either instance. On a lot of YouTube apps, there's an option for "Stats for nerds" and it'll show you you real-time bandwidth usage.


Question: Why do apples make water "taste dry" in your mouth after you eat them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do apples make water "taste dry" in your mouth after you eat them?

It's partly tannins and partly it's astringent, or known to make the tongue pucker a little which leads to that feeling of dryness you're talking about. It's also what causes red wine to have a similar sensation as the grape must sits much longer allowing the tannins to leak out. Not all apples have the same tannin levels so some are sweeter and taste more juicy, and others are more tart and pucker inducing.


Question: Why on gas stations they have signs that cellphones aren't allowed while refueling and can it cause an explosion because of it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why on gas stations they have signs that cellphones aren't allowed while refueling and can it cause an explosion because of it?

Because somewhere along the way there might be a tiny tiny tiny chance that someone might be using a cell phone at the same time there's a spark from something and immediately the lawyers will jump at the chance to blame the gas station and cell phone makers and look to cash in. So a $1 sign saying "Hey, don't do that" is much cheaper than paying out a huge lawsuit. & #x200B;


Question: How can a pill that weighs couple grams at most, cost $763 which makes the box of 21 over $16,000 dollars?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can a pill that weighs couple grams at most, cost $763 which makes the box of 21 over $16,000 dollars?

A regular person can’t. Drug companies inflate the price of their drugs because insurance will either “pay” a large majority of the price, or will negotiate a lower price for the drug. The reason that drug companies feel that they are able to justify the prices is due to their R & D work and testing on the product. If they spend years developing their drugs, they feel justified in charging large amounts of money to recover their expenses. The U.S insurance system makes it so that they can work together to inflate prices, and then negotiate lower prices for the consumer.


Question: How do electronics that rotate stay connected?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do electronics that rotate stay connected?

As a basic example, imagine a headphone jack plug in its socket. The jack plug is split into 2 or 3 segments which carry different signals, the socket has 3 contacts inside it which always touch these segments on the jack plug, and you can rotate it as much as you want. There is lots of ways to do it. [here]( URL_0 ) is an image to demonstrate. See how it has 3 stacked ‘PCB’s, and each PCB has a little prong which touches the jack plug in a specific area. I believe that image is of a TS (tip, sleeve) jack so it only has two contact points. One on the main shaft of the jack and one hooking down to touch the tip. There is also TRS jacks (Tip, ring, sleeve) these would have an extra bit similar to the hook which touches the ‘ring’. This is sounding very NSFW. Theoretically you could have a jack split into 100 segments with 100 contacts coming down to meet it.


Question: Why does the road look like water on hot days?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the road look like water on hot days?

Mirage. The hot road surface creates a gradient of air temperature. Light refracts differently through different temperatures of air (think of how air above a fire is wavy) This then allows the image above the road, like the sky, to refract back up to your eyes giving the perception of water on the road.


Question: How works a SysReq key on keyboard?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How works a SysReq key on keyboard?

> It should work even if the computer is frozen, right? Depends on how it's frozen. Some crashes crash the kernel as well. > Which operating systems support this function? [Linux does]( URL_0 ). See the link, which includes a list of things it can do. Windows as far as I know doesn't do anything with it. > Why do modern keyboards still have this button? It's combined with the "print screen" key. So long that is there, sysrq is just more text on an existing button. Nothing else is really needed to support the key. Keyboards just send messages like "Key #20 was pressed", what that actually does is entirely up to the OS.