Question: Why can you die from using methamphetamine and having anthesisa performed on you?

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 Why can you die from using methamphetamine and having anthesisa performed on you?

I'm an Anaesthetist. You can summarise this into: * **Effects of the methamphetamine itself.** The sympathetic effects of meth (esp increased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure) can lead to heart attacks and strokes. Also, sometimes people are anaesthetised for their own safety when going nuts on meth, and this means giving an anaesthetic in a less than ideal environment from a safety perspective. * **Interactions between the amphetamine and anaesthetic agents.** A clear but outdated example would be Halothane (an inhaled anaesthetic) which sensitises the heart to catecholamines (meth increases catecholamine levels), causing abnormal heart rhythms. Meth increases synaptic (or active) catecholamines like noradrenaline, which causes interactions with other drugs which also act to increase synaptic catecholamines (including some blood pressure drugs used in anaesthesia, some analgesics like Tramadol, and antidepressants). * **Difficulties with dosing anaesthetic agents in the context of meth use.** If you are acutely high on meth you need MORE anaesthesia to go to sleep. If you are a chronic meth user, but not currently high, you need LESS anaesthesia to go to sleep. This can be challenging for us to get our doses right. Edit: simplified a few terms


Question: why are clouds flat at the bottom?

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 why are clouds flat at the bottom?

Clouds are condensed water vapour. Condensation only occurs at a certain temperature. The flat bottom of clouds shows the altitude at which the air reaches that temperature. Below that, condensation doesn't occur. Above it, it does. So you have a relatively quick transition from no cloud to cloud. When you blow on glass, it fogs because the water in your breath hits the cold glass and condenses. Between your mouth and the glass nothing happens. The same thing happens with the cloud, but there's no glass, just cold air.


Question: Why are most laptops with a 4K display touch-screen?

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 Why are most laptops with a 4K display touch-screen?

Being 4k AND touchscreen is in no way related to each other technically. The feature of being 4k resolution is currently a "premium" feature. Most laptops that have this feature also have the "premium" feature of having a touchscreen. Think of buying a car with all the features, if it has a sunroof, it probably also has power windows.


Question: How can dollar/99c stores exist?

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 How can dollar/99c stores exist?

They keep on being in business by selling a lot of products and by keeping their costs as low as possible. Generally, with dollar stores, you'll notice they have less advertising on television (or at least on cheaper channels). The shops themselves might be in locations that have cheaper rent (so, not on the main street, but maybe on a side street of that). The interior of the shops too is designed to keep everything as cheap as possible. No fancy-ass shelves or areas of unused space or special lights/floors. Everything is going to be servicable but plain. Meanwhile the products they sell, they often offer a mix of products. The same products you can get in other stores too but with less margin on them (making them cheaper) but also a lot of products of less quality which can obviously also be bought and sold for cheaper. Basically, making only 50 cents of profits on each item is fine just as long as you sell tons of them.


Question: How can things like sunburns and smoking still increase risk for cancer decades after their damage has been done to the body?

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 How can things like sunburns and smoking still increase risk for cancer decades after their damage has been done to the body?

Cancer is basically a copy-error in a cell mutating into a big problem. Nearly every cell that has to split to recover from an injury can end up with thay issue (and I only use the word 'nearly' to avoid some smartass coming up with an example I didn't know about). The more the cells divide like that, the older the cells are. The older a cell is, the more likely it is to lead to cancer on mitosis (cellular division). This isn't a comprehensive explanation, but it's as simple as I can keep it, without failing to answer the question.


Question: how did the US fund the government prior to establishing an income tax/what were the primary revenue sources?

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 how did the US fund the government prior to establishing an income tax/what were the primary revenue sources?

You have no idea how small the government of the time was. The budget in 1801 was a bit less than 10 million dollar for the federal government. There was about 5.3 million people in the US at the time so they got less than 2$ per person at the time. That's the equivalent to about 40$ per person in 2019 money. The Federal government at the time didn't do much outside of funding the military and administration. They didn't do healthcare, social spending or pensions and those 3 make up 60% of the current budget. Even the military spending was low at the time, since most of the military was provided by the States.


Question: What is the statistical importance of "median" and "mode?"

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 What is the statistical importance of "median" and "mode?"

Median is good for excluding the extreme elements. Consider the difference between the mean income of a nation and the median income. The mean income is enormously skewed by the Gates and Bezos of the world who have extreme wealth. In contrast, the median wealth gives us a far better appreciation of what we really want to know: how much money a 'normal' person makes. Mode is generally only used with discrete sets, so it doesn't really fit the same sort of problems that mean/median do. An example would be a multiple choice quiz you administer to your class. The right answer is C, but the mode answer is B. This allows you to identify a common misunderstanding about your class.


Question: Why do mammals need sleep,if in nature this makes them vulnerable and easy prey?

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 Why do mammals need sleep,if in nature this makes them vulnerable and easy prey?

at the end of the day, we don't know. But prey animals sleep less, gazelles only sleep for about an hour (in 5 minute bursts) while lions sleep 15-20 hours a day. That being said, there is stuff that goes on during sleep. Growth hormones are released to help repair small bits of damage your body accumulate throughout the day. It also appears to have something to do with memory, possibly sorting through short term memory and moving important stuff over to long term (this is why dreams are so hard to remember).


Question: What does "you can't have your cake and eat it too" even mean? What good is the cake if you can't eat it?

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 What does "you can't have your cake and eat it too" even mean? What good is the cake if you can't eat it?

The phrase originally was "You can't eat your cake and have it too" which makes it clearer to understand. If you have eaten your cake, you can't have it on display and show it off to people. Over the years the reverse ordering got more common, but that does make understanding the idea of "You can't have things both ways" harder to grasp.


Question: Why does a car moving at 5 MPH for 70 miles use less energy than a car moving at 70 MPH for 70 miles?

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 Why does a car moving at 5 MPH for 70 miles use less energy than a car moving at 70 MPH for 70 miles?

This question is hard to answer because it depends on some factors that we do not have. As pointed in other posts most cars can have an optimal speed which the fuel provides more energy per cycle. However if we change the car for an object you can address this question more properly. If the object starts from rest it will require extra energy to get to 70 and then to 0 again whereas the one going to 5 just has to reach 5 and then slow down to 0. If we further eliminate that variable and assume that each object are moving always at 70 and 5 respectively then the 70 mph object has to deal with more drag (assuming you are not in a vacuum) and also require more energy to keep it's speed constant.


Question: How can the same side of the moon always face earth? Doesn't it rotate?

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 How can the same side of the moon always face earth? Doesn't it rotate?

It’s due to a phenomenon known as TIDAL LOCKING. This happens when 1. a moon (or any celestial object) orbits another object at a close enough distance, so.. 2. ..the gravity of the “host” object is strong enough to pull one side of the moon towards it in such a way that.. 3. ...the moon rotates at the same rate as it orbits In half a rotation, the moon would have turned 180 degrees and showed its other side. But at the same time, it went 180 degrees around the Earth, so now the other side of the earth sees the same side. Here’s a handy [gif]( URL_1 ) ! The one we actually see is the one on the left. The one on the right is what it would look like IF the Moon weren’t tidally locked. Also, the “dark side” of the Moon is misleading! Both sides of the Moon can be lit up or in darkness, depending on the time of month. On a Full Moon, the face you see is bright. On a New Moon, the face you see is dark. What most people mean by “dark side” is generally the side not facing the Earth. (Edit: 180 degrees, forgive my 3am high ass brain) Edit: so here’s some extra explanations about the mechanism of tidal locking: I actually simplified the answer a lot. It’s not about one side experiencing a stronger force, it’s about one AXIS of the Moon experiencing stronger force. Just like how the oceans facing the Moon experience high tide as they are pulled towards it, the Earth itself is pulled towards the Moon. Thus, the Oceans on the opposite side also experience high tide. It’s this ‘bulging’ effect that effects the spin of a body. Back when the moon was molten rock, this bulging was large enough to ‘lock’ its rotation the way it is today. [Here’s a pic!]( URL_0 ) Edit: the dumb mobile app isn’t showing any new responses after yesterday. I might have made a few errors in the explanation, so please DM me if there’s any edits I should make to clear things up!


Question: how does the body correctly sort food and fluid (especially when you eat and drink together)?

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 how does the body correctly sort food and fluid (especially when you eat and drink together)?

> When it gets down your food pipes* how does the stomach and bladder get their individual shares of what’s been consumed?? The sorting happens in the intestines. It makes intuitive sense that the solids you eat become poop and the liquids you drink become pee, but that isn't actually true! Everything you swallow goes to your stomach, where it all gets mixed and broken down into a soup-like consistency. Then it goes to the intestines. Your intestines absorb the water out of it (including water that used to be in solid food), and absorb the nutrients. What's left over at the end of all this absorbing is poop. Poop also contains a lot of old, dead cells from the intestinal walls, and bacteria. All the water and nutrients that got absorbed will flow around in your bloodstream, going where they need to go. Once this is done, the extra water is filtered out by the kidneys, because a lot of the waste products we need to pee out (like urea) have to be dissolved in water.


Question: What is the coriolis effect?

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 What is the coriolis effect?

At its core the Coriolis Effect is just conservation of angular momentum. The classic demonstration of that is a figure skater spinning and pulling their arms in, causing the spinning to go faster. When you apply that effect on a planetary scale you get some interesting effects. If you looked down on Earth from above the North Pole you'd see that the equator is much farther from the axis of rotation than the poles. If you were to travel from the equator towards one of the poles then you're moving closer to the axis of Earth's rotation, which means that you will tend to try to rotate faster around Earth's axis. On a small scale this effect is minuscule. You'd never notice it just moving around. However, for very precise measurements like artillery fire or for very large systems like hurricanes the effect is relevant. The Coriolis Effect is the reason why hurricanes spin in different directions in the northern and southern hemisphere: in both hemispheres the motion turns eastward (the direction of Earth's rotation) as it moves towards the poles.


Question: what is insider trading? I know what money laundering and fraud are, but not really IT

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 what is insider trading? I know what money laundering and fraud are, but not really IT

Buying or selling stock based on information that is, not available to the public. For example, say I work at a company that found a cure for cancer. And nobody knows that or that my company plans to sell if for $1 million per person. So I go out and buy a bunch of stock before it is announced. Or. Say I know that my company is only successful because they cheat on something, and they have just been caught, so I go out and sell my stock before it becomes public.


Question: what is the difference between a jungle and a rainforest?

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 what is the difference between a jungle and a rainforest?

A jungle is a general description of an area (normally warm with high rainfall) that has dense vegetation and is therefore hard to make your way through. It's not a description of an actual ecosystem, though. A rainforest is an actual ecosystem. Like a jungle, it is often warm with high rainfall, but it has a canopy of very high trees which blocks out most of the sun. Therefore, there's not a lot of vegetation on the ground in a rainforest. Basically - a jungle has a lot of stuff happening at the bottom and a rainforest has a lot of stuff happening in its canopy of trees.


Question: Why do often we forget what we dreamt after waking up?

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 Why do often we forget what we dreamt after waking up?

Because your brain wasn't writing it to memory. We don't really know what dreams are, but last I checked the prevailing theory was that they're a result of the "conscious" part of our brain trying to translate all the signals running through it into some kind of sensible image. Dreams are a side effect of brain activity, so to speak, and our memory isn't particularly interested in recording that. In order to record it, the brain would have to acknowledge that it's constructing a perceived reality and then record what that is, but most of the time the brain doesn't know that, so it can only write down a few snippets that are particularly strong when you first awaken.


Question: Orbitals’ shapes. Why do electrons describe such weird shapes? Why not just circles?

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 Orbitals’ shapes. Why do electrons describe such weird shapes? Why not just circles?

**The short answer:** Electrons are better described as waves, rather than little balls. You can use math to model how the waves behave when they have different levels of energy/other properties, and the resulting shapes of the 3d waves are the orbital shapes. **The longer answer:** We've discovered that the best way to describe the behaviour of an electron is not by thinking of it as a tiny ball spinning around the atom, but as a "wavefunction", where you can determine the probability of an electron with certain properties (like the amount of energy it has, etc.) being found at a particular point in space. What a "wavefunction" actually *is* is...not easy to understand, and may not be really possible for our brains. The easiest way to think of it is to not really think about it too deeply, and just leave it as that we figured out certain mathematical equations can predict the way electrons will behave. The shapes of electron orbitals are the results you get if you solve this equation: H^(r,θ,φ)ψ(r,θ,φ)=Eψ(r,θ,φ)n) For the various levels of energy an electron in a hydrogen atom can have. If you really want to understand this, try [working your way through this]( URL_0 ). Or don't, because it's not worth it unless you're a physics student.


Question: How can we sustain 300+ million people constantly using water every day? Talking USA only.

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 How can we sustain 300+ million people constantly using water every day? Talking USA only.

There is a gargantuan amount of water in the air, ground and rivers/seas etc. There is just so much water, practically every piece of the environment has water in it. Water, thankfully is mostly a solvent and not chemically changed by being used. It just moved stuff around, so water isn't really ever "used up" since its rarely destroyed. Water is the car and most things are just hitching a ride alongside the water on its way. It can become unuesable from contamination. When the car is filled up with trash, can't really use it for a lot of our hygenic purposes so it has to he treated or "washed".


Question: why do woodpeckers not bash their skulls in when smashing them into wood?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 why do woodpeckers not bash their skulls in when smashing them into wood?

The woodpecker's skull is made of a spongy type of bone. As the bird hammers rapidly and powerfully at a tree trunk with its beak, the spongy bone acts like a cushion and protects the brain from the force of the impact. The skull is surrounded by the bird's long tongue, which gives extra padding.


Question: How did Eratosthenes figure out Earth is round and calculated earth circumference 2000 years ago?

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 How did Eratosthenes figure out Earth is round and calculated earth circumference 2000 years ago?

Grab a paper towel tube and hold it up to your eye like it's a spyglass and you're a pirate. Declare "yarrr!!" Now use your new cardboard spyglass to look close to a light, but not quite. The line from your eye to the light is blocked by the wall of the tube, so the light doesn't reach your eye. If you turn your head just a little bit then the tube aligns and you can see the light. Now you know that the tube is aligned between your eye and the light. Eratosthenes did much the same, but with wells. These wells are long tubes that were bored straight down, where "straight down" is a direction that changes as you move from place to place. Most of the time sunlight won't directly shine on the bottom of a well, since the sun isn't directly overhead. However, at 12:00 noon on certain days of the year the well and the sun align. Someone leaning over the edge of the well will see the shadow of their head against the water at the bottom of the well. On that same day at the same time someone some distance away could try the same thing, but they find that the sun isn't aligned. It's a little bit to the north or south, depending on whether the second location is north or south of the place where the aligned well is. (Aside: if the second location is East or West then that also messes things up, but we'll assume here that either the second location was due north or due south or that the second observer makes their observation at their own local noon). At that location the observer can erect a tall, vertical pole of known height and look where the shadow of the top of that pole lands. Based on the length of the shadow and the length of the pole they know the angle of the sun. The final piece of the puzzle is the distance between the two locations. This allows the observer to set up a ratio: "If I walk XXX miles (or stadia, as the case may be) then the sun changes angle by YYY degrees. Therefore, to make the sun change in angle by a full 360 degrees I'd have to walk < circumference of Earth > miles."


Question: what is the reason that almost every video game today has removed the ability for split screen, including ones that got famous and popular from having split screen?

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 what is the reason that almost every video game today has removed the ability for split screen, including ones that got famous and popular from having split screen?

3 Main reasons: 1. It takes a lot of extra processing power to generate the split screen aspect. 2. Its development work they would rather put towards their more lucrative multiplayer (usually with microtransactions) 3. they sell more copies of the games to groups of friends who want to play it. Now all of those are horseshit reasons, and I want my couch coop back, but still. I would (and do) support games with couch coop, like borderlands, lovers in a dangerous spacetime, speedrunners, etc. I recommend you do the same. Also fuck Halo 5.


Question: how do beauty marks that show up later in life, “form” ?

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 how do beauty marks that show up later in life, “form” ?

Cells on your body are constantly replicating and regenerating, they do this *a lot*. Sometimes, they get it wrong. The effect of this is often benign, but sometimes can be serious. This is how cancer starts for example. But a mole, freckle, or beauty mark, is not cancer. Hurray! Basically, what happened is that the cell whose job it is to maintain your skins pigment, called a Melanocyte develops a fault in the instructions it gets when it tries to do its job. Basically what happens when a mole has formed, is that a cell receives different instructions to the other cells around it, begins spewing out a disproportional amount of melanin pigment in the affected area. The more melanin in the vicinity of the faulty cell, manifests as a brown or black mark. That's all! It's just a cell that has gone wrong somewhere, and is overproducing melanin, making that very specific area of your skin appear darker than the rest.


Question: how can electrons in water molecules keep going around a nucleus for millions of years? where is the energy coming from for so long?

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 how can electrons in water molecules keep going around a nucleus for millions of years? where is the energy coming from for so long?

Electrons don't work like classical objects. Energy at that scale isn't a smooth, continuous line from more to less, like the way a car accelerates or stops. Energy at that scale is discrete: it comes in packets (called quanta) and there are no "half-way" amounts of energy. You can have 1 energy, or 2 energies, or 10 energies. But you can't have 1.5 or 1.3333... or 5/4. Electrons have specific levels of energy in the shells around their atomic nuclei. Giving them more energy makes them go up in their "orbit" (although it is *not* at all like planets orbiting, it's more complicated than that). But they can't go up a half level, they have to go up all the way to the next available level, or they can't go up at all. If that shell is already full, the electron has to go up another level, or again, not at all. Let's say it takes 1 energy unit per level to go up, so an electron in level 1 needs 1 energy to go up to level 2, another to go to three, and so on. If level 2 is full and you give an electron in level 1 just enough energy - 1 energiy - to get to level 2, it won't move. In fact, it won't even accept the energy you give it, it will spit it back out. You would have to give it 2 energies to go up, and it would go all the way to level 3. That also means there is a minimum amount of energy an electron can have. You can't go to half-levels, remember? So there is no place for an electron below level 1. There is no level 1/2. Again, electrons are *not* like normal, classical objects, but this can be a useful analogy: imagine holding a ball up in the air. It has some gravitational potential energy, right? If you hold it lower, it has less energy. When you put it on the floor, does it have zero gravitational potential energy? Well, not really, there's still a *long* way to go until it hits the center of the Earth, but it *can't*. The ball cannot drop below floor-level potential energy. In a not at all similar way, electrons are stuck at that lowest energy level, called the *ground state*. You can also think of energy as the ability to do work. If something has energy, you can take some of that energy and use it to do something. The ball can be dropped, and when it hits the ground it will make a noise. Or you can take the gravitational potential energy of water being held up behind a dam and turn that into kinetic energy as the water falls down through a turbine to make electricity. An electron in its ground state can't do anything. You can't take any energy out of it to make it do anything. It might be "orbiting" its nucleus (it actually isn't) but it *cannot* slow down, which means you can't take any energy from it and use that energy to do anything. Electrons in a higher orbit can fall down into a lower shell, and when they do they release light. Electrons in the ground state can't go any lower, so they can't emit light unless they are given energy ("excited") and moved up into a higher shell, just like your ball can't make a noise until you lift it off the ground first. And again, just to drive this home, electrons are not like classical objects. They don't actually orbit their atomic nuclei. Instead, they exist as a cloud of probability. An electron doesn't have a place around an atom until you look for it, and you can only find one where you look for it. Which sounds dumb, but what I mean is that you can either measure a field and say "an electron is in this vague area somewhere, going in this direction" or you can say "the electron is exactly right here and we have no idea which way it's going." It doesn't go from "here" to "there", it just *is* here or there, or it isn't, and next time you look for it, it will be somewhere else and you don't know what path it took to get there. So it's not really whizzing around its atom at all, it's just kind of...existing. Sort of.


Question: How do prisons make money?

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 How do prisons make money?

The government pays the people who run the prison, actually quite a lot of money (~$150 per person per day). The prison can also gather money from visitors, or people who call on the phone, because they don't have competitors - they have exclusive control over access to prisoners. The prison uses some of this money to keep people from escaping, and feeding them. Any left over money is profit.


Question: Why do all currencies undergo inflation over time?

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 Why do all currencies undergo inflation over time?

This is a very broad topic to talk about, however I shall do my best, I've included a tl;dr at the bottom if you want to skip. I've tried to keep it brief but I could literally talk for days about this all in detail. Please let me know if you have questions or disagree with anything I wrote, I love talking about this stuff and would love to share what I have learnt with you. In order to understand inflation, first we need to distinguish money. Money in the modern day is fiat money - it is not backed by anything such as gold or other precious metals - and is just a generally accepted form of payment. It only has value because we are told it has value. During the times of the gold standard, yup, you guessed it, it was backed against gold. Inflation occurs when the supply of money is increased to the point where the value of the money starts to decrease. This is because there is a greater abundance of the money and since value is normally related to the quantity of a good (I say normally since there are goods where price does not change regardless of supply, i.e. oil/petrol/diesel), the greater the quantity the lower the value and vice versa. - As a side note, this is based on the assumptions of neo-classical thought. A more accurate description of reality is presented by the Post-Keynesian School of Thought, and is often referred to as Horizontalism, Structuralism (which itself includes more than just money theory) or the Endogenous money supply. Even though there is an increase of money, there is no simultaneous increase of material goods or assets, because this is fiat money remember. This can get out of control and lead to hyperinflation (examples include Post war Germany and Zimbabwe). Since money hasn't got a real physical value, it cannot be exchanged directly for anything physical, it is instead a form of payment, or an IOU of sorts. When you run out or run low on cash, you turn to the commercial bank to draw credit and borrow from them. You can only receive credit if someone else has debited their cash into an account (at least in the Neo-Classical School of Thought). This demand for money (credit or borrowings) increases, and is matched by an increase of supply. - I should note, that this is also matched by the effect of the money multiplier, where a bank will lend out a certain percentage of a deposit to create a new debit, which is then lent out again, etc. Banks (commercial banks specifically), create money from the money they are receiving from the people (and yes it is essentially fraud but its up to interpretation really). I should also note that if you are curious of horizontalism then the causality is the opposite, the supply of money is anywhere between 0 and infinite at any given moment in time, and will be granted to anyone so long as they are creditworthy (known as credit rationing), which in turns causes a deposit later on. As the supply of money increases, and inflation rises, the purchasing power of the money decreases. You can buy less goods with the same amount, for instance £1 used to buy you 5 Freddo's, now £1 will buy you 2. You could argue that this is just a price change by the manufacturers, however, the root cause is the reduction of purchasing power. The reduction of purchasing power forces consumers to turn to the banks once more and demand more credit to support their lives and needs, which in turn causes inflation to rise. It is an endless cycle, however, it is in reality a slow process, and normally, inflation is targeted through interest rate targeting policies by the Central Banks (like the Bank of England). Do not get me wrong though, inflation does not spell disaster for an economy. Generally speaking, it is beneficial, as inflation equates to growth. It means more people are spending money encouraging expansion of industry and services, causing increased trade both domestically and internationally. Problems only arise when there is no change in physical goods. If people are spending more but not getting more then it is not a good thing. tl;dr - The current supply of money is exhausted by the consumer (spent or saved). Money is demanded by the consumer in the form of credit (i.e. borrowings or overdraft). Money supply is increased by the banks to match the increased demand. The value of the money drops, as there is a greater abundance of said money. Inflation increases causing a higher demand for money again. The cycle continues unless it is controlled.


Question: Why is it that when writing percents the symbol comes after like: 25%, but when you write dollar amounts the symbol comes before like: $25 even though spoken and written the word for the symbol comes after the number?

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 Why is it that when writing percents the symbol comes after like: 25%, but when you write dollar amounts the symbol comes before like: $25 even though spoken and written the word for the symbol comes after the number?

I heard the reason for this was that it was harder to modify or change the number after it was written by hand in a check or a ledger. For example if you wrote 10.50$ someone could add a 9 to the front and make it 910.50$. Although that doesn't explain to me why literally every other country doesn't do this. Edit: stop saying you can add numbers to the back, you can't because every dollar value is written like this: $$,cc. So if it's an even number it would still be written like this: $10,00. Since everyone expects there to be only two decimals after the , you can't add anything to the back.


Question: Why do we have vivid nightmares when we sleep on our backs?

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 Why do we have vivid nightmares when we sleep on our backs?

This seems pretty anecdotal to be honest. I’ve never heard of this. If there is a correlation for you, my guess is it has to do with your normal patterns and the impact seeping on your back could have on them. Certain conditions can be exacerbated on your back like sleep apnea...or perhaps you’re actually sleeping better and are hitting rem and dream state longer and just happen to have bad dreams more than good dreams.


Question: At what point do you stop floating in space and start falling?

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 At what point do you stop floating in space and start falling?

They already are falling, but they're also moving sideways so fast that they keep missing the planet. The sideways motion is imparted by the space station. This is why you can't just float up into space in a balloon - you have to get up enough speed to achieve that sideways motion that lets you keep 'missing', aka, an orbit.


Question: When sea level rises, why wouldn't it rise the same amount everywhere?

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 When sea level rises, why wouldn't it rise the same amount everywhere?

While what you said is generally true in small scale, large scale is a bit different. You have serious gravitational pull from primarily the moon but the sun as well which makes the oceans look more oval than round. This is the same phenomenon that causes the tide cycle. When you add water to a system like that, you don't see uniform change in water levels. Everything rises some, but the high tide area would tend to see a more dramatic rise.


Question: What is LIFO, FIFO & FISH in accounting?

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 What is LIFO, FIFO & FISH in accounting?

FIFO is First In, First Out. It means that your oldest transactions or items are to be processed first, to prevent overdue balances or spoiled stock (it is used very often in retail and billing) LIFO is Last In, First Out. It means that your newest transactions or items are to be processed first. This is usually only in accounting, where the age of a transaction is less important. FISH is First In, Still Here. It means that you have items that are stagnating and never being cleared because you keep piling in new items in front of it. It's mostly used in retail to describe inventory.


Question: Why do plastics become yellowish over time?

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 Why do plastics become yellowish over time?

UV radiation can sometimes damage molecules in a polymer's Carbon backbone by knocking off a Hydrogen atom. When that happens, a double bond forms between adjacent Carbon atoms. When enough double bonds are formed, sections of the polymer chain become similar to a carotinoid structure, which changes the wavelengths of light the polymer absorbs, making it appear reddish/orangish or yellow.


Question: How is it that phones differentiate between fingers touching the screen and material objects?

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</answer>
 How is it that phones differentiate between fingers touching the screen and material objects?

Explanation: Your fingers conduct electricity and are capable of completing an electrical circuit at the point of contact. Certain objects can also do this, but many do not, hence why wearing certain kinds of gloves, for instance, won't manipulate the screen, while others will. The screen is programmed to respond to this completed circuit in certain ways depending on where exactly it's completed, hence how you can select a button on the homepage and have it go to a specific app. The phone isn't doing anything to actively discern a finger from an object; it's just electrical conduction. Edit: Wording and fleshing out a full explanation.


Question: Why does FM radio sound better than AM?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 Why does FM radio sound better than AM?

FM and AM manipulate radio waves in different ways (frequency versus amplitude) to encode the sound being transmitted. Ultimately, though, each station on FM radio has six times the bandwidth as AM. More bandwidth means more nuanced sounds are possible. Think of it like drawing with 48 colors versus only 8 colors. Plus, because of how FM works, it’s less susceptible to interference than AM, so you’re also generally getting better clarity to begin with. Edit: several people have asked questions about why FM/AM can't occupy other bands, e.g. move FM lower to increase its range. [Here is a cool chart of the US' current radio frequency allocation]( URL_0 ). There's other reasons, but one big reason we can't just move the bands around is that nearly every sliver of wavelength is already being used or reserved for something else.


Question: How can a central bank set a negative interest rate and why?

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 How can a central bank set a negative interest rate and why?

It's a rare circumstance that nominal interest rates are actually negative, because you're guaranteed a 0% interest rate by holding cash. What's more common is that real interest rates are negative: the interest they return is less than inflation, so in the end, you get back less than you put in. If the interest rate is 2%, but inflation is 3%, the real interest rate is -1%. That still beats your 0% cash, which would have a -3% real interest rate. A negative nominal rate is only possible if, for some reason, cash is unsafe, and you're essentially willing to pay the government to store and protect your money. You can only hide so much under your bed (and that's not perfectly safe), and banks can fail.


Question: Why is it bad to boil water twice when making tea?

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 Why is it bad to boil water twice when making tea?

The common suggestion is that extra cycles of boiling reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen (and/or nitrogen) from the water, and that that affects either the flavor directly or through interaction with the tea. __However, this is false.__ In actuality, boiling alone does not remove dissolved gasses; it's the change in temperature or pressure that affects how much gas a liquid can keep in solution. At the boiling point, the solubility of oxygen in water reaches zero, so boiling water gets rid of the dissolved oxygen the _first_ time; reboiling isn't going to do more. Studies have looked at this specifically, and found that dissolved oxygen does not have a significant impact on the taste of tea. However, some will still insist that twice-boiled-water tea tastes worse. If that is the case, it is likely related to the other things in the water. Most water - tap water especially - is not pure; it contains trace amounts of certain minerals and salts. And indeed, pure water often tastes "weird" to folks used to more typical kinds. Boiling water removes some of the water from the pot, but most of these other things have a much higher boiling temp, and will be left behind - this is how distillation works; boiling off and recondensing something. The important note is simply that after boiling, there is less water in the pot and the minerals and salts in the water will be more concentrated. _That_ could change the water's flavor in principle. Whether or not it would depends on the type and amount.


Question: Why does math often times use two very similiar looking letters?

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 Why does math often times use two very similiar looking letters?

It's not so much that they wanted them to look the same, it's just that when you're dealing with two similar things, it's helpful conceptually to use consecutive letters (because then if you have to you can expand your process and just use the next letter). Unfortunately we do a lot of math so a lot of letters are already spoken for in the sort of "standard" (if there is such a thing) notation and a lot of letters are spoken for more than once.


Question: How can our eyes track objects so precisely, even during unanticipated movement?

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 How can our eyes track objects so precisely, even during unanticipated movement?

You have nerves cross-connected to the muscles that move the eyes, to stabilize them regardless of how you move your head. They're called the [vestibulo-ocular reflex]( URL_0 ), because they give you a "reflex" to keep your eye fixed on something, and the image completely still on your retina, no matter how you move your head. You can check this by staring at THIS and moving your head. Anyway, to answer your question, you can piggy-back on this, with a cervico-ocular reflex to automatically follow a target that's moving.


Question: If we have timezones, are objects in the same time zone still affected by differences in time if they are far enough away?

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 If we have timezones, are objects in the same time zone still affected by differences in time if they are far enough away?

Time zones exist precisely so that we can set two clocks 10 km away to the same time despite the fact that the sun is at "high noon" 10 sec apart in those two places. If we didn't have time zones then everywhere would have their clocks set to different times. That would make travel really inconvenient. Imagine the pain of having to set your clocks to different times as you go across town, and especially the pain of trying to set up something like a train schedule as the train covers significant distance. With time zones you only need to change your clock when you cross a border, and then it's changing by a full hour at a time. This mean that the time doesn't exactly match where the sun is in the sky, but that's not important enough to give up the convenience of having a standardized time in a large region.


Question: Why can’t bots check ‘I am not a robot’ checkboxes?

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 Why can’t bots check ‘I am not a robot’ checkboxes?

It's checking a lot more than whether you can check the check box. It checks how quickly you begin to move the mouse towards the checkbox, whether you move the mouse in an absolutely straight line, or at a steady speed, or indeed if you even move the mouse at all - it would be very easy to program a bot to click the check box, but all of these things would be giveaways that it's a bot. To see if it's a human, it checks that the time it takes you to respond to seeing the checkbox is what's expected from a human, that the mouse movements appear human-like, that the delay between the mouse reaching the check box and you actually clicking it are human-like. It might be possible to build a bot that does all of these things in a human-like manner, but if that bot runs over and over again, patterns would soon start forming where the mouse follows the same path each time, and Captcha would soon block that particular pattern of mouse movement.


Question: Why don’t ionic compounds ever exist as molecules?

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 Why don’t ionic compounds ever exist as molecules?

Ionic compounds and molecular compounds are distinct phenomena - ionic compounds are held together by ionic bonds (one atom/ion transfers an electron to another, giving both of them full valence shells), while molecular compounds are held together by covalent bonds (electrons are shared between atoms, giving both of them full valence shells)


Question: How come hiding under the blankets feels so safe even though it isn't actually much safer than having no blanket?

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 How come hiding under the blankets feels so safe even though it isn't actually much safer than having no blanket?

What your feeling isn't a lack of "safety". When you are lying in bed, you are, presumably, as safe as you were when you were walking around the house just minutes earlier. What you are actually feeling is anxiety. Anxiety is what you feel when you aren't in immediate danger but you feel "unsafe", like when you drive through a bad neighborhood. It has been suggested that the weight of blankets reduces anxiety in some people. There are several possible explanations for this, though the research is not definitive.


Question: Why was Ted Cruz (Born in Calgary, Canada) eligible for US president when there was a whole lot of discussion about ineligibility on Barack Obama due to his birth certificate?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 Why was Ted Cruz (Born in Calgary, Canada) eligible for US president when there was a whole lot of discussion about ineligibility on Barack Obama due to his birth certificate?

natural born citizen is required however that phrase is not defined in the constitution. Chances are if he runs someone will challenge in court. The supreme Court will make a decision and the growing consensus among constitutional scholars that a person born abroad, but legally deemed a U.S. citizen at birth, is “natural born” enough, Cruz would be allowed to run and serve if elected.


Question: Why do videos seem so much shorter when watching them the second time around?

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 Why do videos seem so much shorter when watching them the second time around?

when you first watch something your brain is trying to absorb so much data at once and you're naturally doing so much more like predicting what comes next etc on second viewing your brain already knows what to expect and isn't working so hard to retain every little detail this is a really simplified explanation but it's basically whats happening


Question: ; What is epistemology, what is ontology, and what is the relation between the two?

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 ; What is epistemology, what is ontology, and what is the relation between the two?

- Ontology is the study of what we know - Epistemology is the study of how we know what we know. Example: Epistemologically we know if you ride a bike without a helmet, you may fall. If you fall, there are a range of things that will happen to your body when it hits the ground. Therefore you should probably wear a helmet. Ontologically, we have recorded from parents and hospitals what happens when you fall off of a bike at varying speeds, heights, ages, wearing different kinds of equipment, etc. Which allows people to make an informed choice about wearing a bike helmet. Hopes this helps!


Question: When censoring people’s identity, why are only the eyes covered?

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 When censoring people’s identity, why are only the eyes covered?

There already a lot of identifying features in the eyes. Eye position, eye color, length of lashes, etc that could make it easier for a stranger to find them. But, people who already know the person could identify them based on other parts. TL:DR: enough censorship against strangers, just enough for family & friends to recognize


Question: why does the US spend so much money on military?

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 why does the US spend so much money on military?

600 billion. But your concern is legitimate. The US has funded a security umbrella that extends over much of the world. And, on the whole, promoting security overseas by helping allied nations has paid off tremendously. It is also very important to maintain technological superiority. But a lot of politicians perceive the military to be a revenue source they can use to promote spending and jobs in their voting blocs, and the idea morphed into what is called the "military industrial complex" in which military, politicians, and manufacturers all feed each other.