. in 2015 , 2014 , and 2013 , alcoa recognized $ 8 , $ 1 , and $ 2 , respectively , in interest and penalties . due to the expiration of the statute of limitations , settlements with tax authorities , and refunded overpayments , alcoa also recognized interest income of $ 2 , $ 5 , and $ 12 in 2015 , 2014 , and 2013 , respectively . as of december 31 , 2015 and 2014 , the amount accrued for the payment of interest and penalties was $ 9 . u