.s . employees . the company's ordinary shares were purchased at 6-month intervals at 85% ( 85 % ) of the lower of the fair market value of the ordinary shares on the first or last day of each 6-month period . in 2015 , 2014 , and 2013 , 411636 shares , 439000 shares and 556000 shares , respectively , were issued to employees under the plan . compensation expense recognized was $ 9 million in 2015 , $ 7 million in 2014 , and $ 6 million in 2013