Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs)
Environmental Occurrence
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Halogenated Alkanes
1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane
In the past, 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (TCTFE, or Freon 113) was used as a refrigerant in commercial/industrial air conditioning and industrial process cooling; as a drycleaning solvent; to make chlorotrifluoroethylene; as a blowing agent and a polymer intermediate; in fire extinguishers; and for solvent drying and drying electronic parts and precision equipment (HSDB). The manufacture and use of the chemical in the United States has been phased out under the Montreal Protocol.
EPA's Toxics Release Inventory does not track TCTFE.
In a U.S. Geological Survey study of water quality in aquifers and drinking water wells, TCTFE was found at very low levels in 0.77 percent of the aquifer samples, 0.33 percent of domestic well samples, and 0.32 percent of public well samples (Zogorski et al. 2006). TCTFE has been found in groundwater at some Superfund sites, but generally it is commingled with other chemicals and is not the driver for risk or technology remediation choice.
Several site profiles provide examples of TCTFE contamination:
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (Building 915), Sunnyvale, California
Aerojet General Corp., Rancho Cordova, California
Air Force Plant #4 (General Dynamics), Fort Worth, Texas
Applied Materials, Santa Clara, California
Beckman Instruments (Porterville Plant), Porterville, California
Fairchild Semiconductor Corp. (South San Jose Plant)
IBM Corp. (San Jose Plant) San Jose, California
INTEL Corp. (Santa Clara III) Santa Clara, California
INTEL Magnetics Santa Clara, California
Intersil Inc./Siemens Components Cupertino, California
References
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (76-13-1)<<