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North is a 2003 album by English singer-songwriter Elvis Costello. Contrasting with its rock-based predecessor When I Was Cruel (2002), North is an intimate album of ballads and torch songs using classical music and jazz idioms, partially inspired by the dissolution of his marriage to wife Cait O'Riordan and his burgeoning relationship with Diana Krall. It reached No. 44 in the UK Albums Chart, No. 57 in the US chart and No. 1 in the US Traditional Jazz chart. Track listing All songs written by Elvis Costello. "You Left Me in the Dark" – 3:26 "Someone Took the Words Away" – 4:35 "When Did I Stop Dreaming?" – 5:22 "You Turned to Me" – 2:32 "Fallen" – 3:12 "When It Sings" – 3:58 "Still" – 2:27 "Let Me Tell You About Her" – 4:23 "Can You Be True?" – 3:45 "When Green Eyes Turn Blue" – 4:17 "I'm in the Mood Again" – 2:34 The UK and Japanese editions contain the bonus track "Impatience". The Japanese edition also contains another bonus track, "Too Blue". Limited edition DVD "North" (Solo Live Performance) – 3:06 "Still" (Studio Version Promo Video) – 2:44 "Fallen" (Solo Live Performance) – 3:08 Charts	North (Elvis Costello album)
James Thomas Igoe (October 23, 1883 – December 2, 1971) was a United States representative from Illinois. He was born on October 21, 1883, in Chicago, Illinois. He attended the St. Ignatius College (now known as Loyola University Chicago). He became engaged in the printing and publishing business in 1907. Igoe served as city clerk of Chicago from 1917–1923. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1920, 1928, and 1936 and was elected as a Democrat to the Seventieth and to the two succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1927 – March 3, 1933). He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1932 to the Seventy-third Congress. He became president of a building corporation in 1931. He was chairman of the Illinois delegation to Golden Gate International Exposition in San Francisco in 1939 and 1940. Later, he entered the real estate business in 1942. He was director and later chairman of executive committee of Mercantile National Bank of Chicago from 1955 to 1961. He died in Evanston, Illinois on December 2, 1971, and was buried at the All Saints Cemetery, Des Plaines, Illinois.	James T. Igoe
Union High School may refer to: United States Natchez Union High School, Natchez, Mississippi Redondo Union High School, Los Angeles, California Union High School (Modoc), Modoc, Indiana Union High School (Dugger), Dugger, Indiana Union High School (Iowa), La Porte City, Iowa Union High School (Grand Rapids, Michigan) Union High School (Missouri), Union, Missouri Union High School (New Jersey), Union Township, Union County, New Jersey Union High School (North Carolina), Delway, North Carolina Union High School (Oklahoma), Tulsa, Oklahoma Union High School (Oregon), Union, Oregon Union High School-Main Street Grammar School, Union, South Carolina Union High School (Utah), Roosevelt, Utah Union High School (Big Stone Gap, Virginia) Union High School (Camas, Washington) Union High School (Black River Falls, Wisconsin) South Africa Union High School (Graaff-Reinet), Eastern Cape, South Africa See also Union County High School (Georgia), Blairsville, Georgia Union County High School (Kentucky), Morganfield, Kentucky	Union High School
Saint Walaric, modern French Valery (died 620), was a Frankish monk turned hermit who founded the . His cult was recognized in Normandy and England. Life Walaric was born in the Auvergne to a peasant family. Taught to read at a young age, he abandoned the occupation of tending sheep to join the abbey of Autumo. He later moved on to the abbey of Saint-Germain d'Auxerre and finally the abbey of Luxeuil under the famous abbot Columbanus. At Luxeuil he was renowned for his horticultural skills. His ability to protect his vegetables from insects was regarded as miraculous. When Theuderic II, king of Burgundy (), expelled Columbanus from his domains, Walaric and a fellow monk named Waldolanus left the kingdom to preach the gospel in Neustria and, according to tradition, the Pas-de-Calais. He eventually settled down as a hermit at a place called Leuconay near the mouth of the Somme River. A community of disciples grew up around him. After his death, his successor Blitmund (Blimont) built a monastery for the community, which came to bear Walaric's name. The village that developed around the monastery still does: Saint-Valery-sur-Somme. Memory A biography (saint's life) of Walaric was composed in the 11th century. It was wrongly attributed to a certain Raginbertus. The so-called "Valerian prophecy" was a legend originating in Walaric's abbey and the abbey of Saint-Riquier intended to refute the claims of the early 11th-century Historia Francorum Senonensis that the Capetian dynasty were illegitimate usurpers. According to the legend, Walaric appeared in a vision to Hugh Capet (), the first Capetian, and thanked him for rescuing his body from the Carolingians. He prophesied that the kingdom of France would belong to Hugh's heirs "until the seventh generation". Interpreted figuratively, the number seven signified perfection and thus eternity; interpreted literally, it meant that the Philip Augustus () would be the last Capetian. Cures were claimed from an early date at Walaric's tomb. Duke William II of Normandy had Walaric's relics put on public display and invoked his name in a prayer for a favourable wind for his invasion of England. The invasion fleet sailed from Saint-Valery-sur-Somme in 1066. Walaric's cult thus spread to England, where a chapel in Alnmouth was dedicated to him in the 12th century. His feast day was celebrated on 1 April in Chester Abbey and Croyland Abbey. King Richard I of England () transferred his relics from Saint-Valery-sur-Somme to Saint-Valery-en-Caux. His translation (transfer of relics) was celebrated in Chester and Croyland on 12 December. His abbey in Saint-Valery-sur-Somme, however, later recovered his relics. The English village of Hinton Waldrist is named after its 12th-century lord, Thomas de Saint-Valery. Notes	Walaric
Mudanya (also: Mudania, , ta Moudaniá [Pl.]) (the site of ancient Apamea Myrlea) is a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey. Its area is 369 km2, and its population is 108,011 (2022). It is located on the Gulf of Gemlik, part of the southern coast of the Sea of Marmara. Between 1875 and 1948, it was connected with Bursa by the Mudanya–Bursa railway. Mudanya has only an open anchorage usable in calm weather. The town produces olive oil and there is a pier used by local fishing and cargo boats. History According to the Ottoman General Census of 1881/82-1893, the kaza of Mudanya of Hüdavendigâr vilayet had a total population of 16,683, consisting of 11,792 Greeks and 4,891 Muslims. A port city, it also had a railway connection to Bursa which was completed in 1875. The railway had a pier at the seaport of Mudanya for exporting. Istanbul was often the recipient of exported goods from Mudanya. Silk was a popular export. During the Turkish War of Independence, Mudanya was bombarded by the Royal Navy and thus partially burned by the British Fleet during the Greek Summer Offensive of 1920. Sergeant Şükrü from Mudanya and 9 of his brothers-in-arms were killed during the Allied bombardment and subsequent landing by the Greek troops and the British Royal Marines. Liberation of Mudanya Mudanya and its environs were liberated by the Turkish Kocaeli Army Corps under the Command of Halit (Karsıalan) Paşa on the 12th of September 1922. The Greek 11th Infantry Division (Manisa Division) and the 45th &17th Infantry regiments along with their commanders and with Major-General Nikolaos Kladas were captured. The town was the signing place of the Armistice of Mudanya between Turkey, Italy, France and Britain on October 11, 1922, following the Turkish War of Independence. After the Treaty of Lausanne and the Greco-Turkish population exchange agreement, the Greeks of the town were transferred into mainland Greece, establishing a settlement to which they gave the name of their previous town, Nea Moudania (New Moudania, located on the Chalkidiki peninsula, in the Macedonia region of Greece). In return, a number of Cretan Turks were settled in Mudanya. Composition There are 47 neighbourhoods in Mudanya District: Akköy Altıntaş Aydınpınar Bademli Balabancık Çağrışan Çamlık Çayönü Çekrice Çepni Çınarlı Dedeköy Dereköy Eğerce Emirleryenicesi Esence Evciler Göynüklü Güzelyalı Burgaz Güzelyalı Eğitim Güzelyalı Siteler Güzelyalı Yalı Halitpaşa Hançerli Hasanbey Hasköy İpekyayla Işıklı Kaymakoba Küçükyenice Kumyaka Mesudiye Mirzaoba Mürsel Mütareke Ömerbey Orhaniye Söğütpınar Şükrüçavuş Tirilye Ülkü Yalıçiftlik Yaman Yaylacık Yenimahalle Yörükali Yörükyenicesi Traditional architecture in Mudanya See also Nea Moudania	Mudanya
National Route 40, also known as RN40 or "Ruta 40", is a route in western Argentina, stretching from Cabo Vírgenes near Río Gallegos in Santa Cruz Province in the south to La Quiaca in Jujuy Province in the north with approximately 5194 km length. The route parallels the Andes mountains. The southern part of the route, by now largely paved, has become a well-known adventure tourism journey, and there are plans to pave the whole road. RN40 is the longest route in South America and one of the longest in the world alongside such routes as U.S. Route 66, Canada's Trans-Canada Highway, and Australia's Stuart Highway, more than long. At its traditional southern end near the city of Río Gallegos, it starts at sea level. It then crosses 20 national parks, 18 major rivers, and 27 passes in the Andes. Route 40's highest point is in Abra del Acay in Salta Province. The road crosses the provinces of Santa Cruz, Chubut, Río Negro, Neuquen, Mendoza, San Juan, La Rioja, Catamarca, Tucumán, Salta, and Jujuy. Description Incorporation of sections of other highways into RN40, along with paving, is part of an Argentine government initiative to promote national tourism by drawing upon the legendary and some say mythical attraction attached to the route. The attraction is international in scope, and many websites around the world advertise the private and commercial adventures associated with travel on this roadway. There are a number of internationally important sites along this route. Cueva de las Manos contains cave art dating back some 13,000 years. Los Glaciares National Park, the second largest national park in Argentina, and the Calchaquí Valleys also are near the route. North RN40 begins at the Bolivian border at La Quiaca. From there it goes west to San Juan de Oro, then turns south, parallel to the Andes, by San Antonio de los Cobres and Cachi and through the Calchaquí Valleys to Cafayate, then via Belén, Villa Unión to San Juan. From San Juan, RN40 is a busy highway to Mendoza. South From Mendoza, RN40 continues south to Pareditas, Malargüe, Chos Malal, and Zapala. It takes a route to the east of Bariloche to El Maitén and a junction with RN258 at Leleque. It then passes near Esquel and continues by Tecka, José de San Martín, and Alto Río Senguer to a junction with the RN43 at the town of Perito Moreno. The road then enters the most remote part of its route. south of Perito Moreno is the junction with a side road to Cueva de las Manos, and farther is the tiny settlement of Bajo Caracoles (population 100). After a further , there is a junction with the road to Perito Moreno National Park, but there is no habitation apart from a police station and later an estancia until the small town of Tres Lagos, some further south. From Tres Lagos, the road is paved to a junction east of El Calafate and another junction at El Cerrito, where RN40 leaves the main highway to Rio Gallegos. The route then takes a roundabout route to Rio Gallegos through the town of 28 de Noviembre, where it turns east to follow the valley of the Gallegos River. It reaches the Atlantic coast at Punta Loyola, at the mouth of the Gallegos River from Rio Gallegos. History Since the beginning of its construction in 1935, the route has changed several times. On 24 November 2004, the Argentine national directorate of highways (Dirección Nacional de Vialidad) promulgated Resolution 1.748/04, which changed the milestone markings and placed the "zero" kilometer stone at the new southernmost extreme of the road, at Cabo Virgenes, near the Straits of Magellan. Because in January 2009 there was no roadway constructed between the new marker location at Cabo Virgenes and Punta Loyola (near Río Gallegos), the provisional driving starting point as of early 2009 was at the KM 100 location. Before 2004, RN40 was divided into "Ruta 40 Sur" (south) and "Ruta 40 Norte" (north) with the earlier "traditional" zero-km starting point at the intersection of San Martín and Garibaldi streets in the city of Mendoza, in Mendoza Province. That zero-km marker was subsequently moved to the eastern access point of that city, at the intersection of RN7 and Gob Avenue. Ricardo Videla (also known as Avenida Costanera). The intent of new legislation and remarking of roadways will move the traditional northern terminus of RN40 to the frontier with Bolivia near the location of Ciénaga de Paicone. Latest developments On 20 May 2006, the Argentine national highway directorate and the Jujuy provincial highway department signed an agreement in which sections of Jujuy provincial highways 85, 70, 74, 7, 64, 65, and 5 were transferred to national control for the construction of the so-called "Mining Corridor", which will become the new path of RN40, more toward the west in that province. The agreement was ratified by provincial law 5520. Accordingly, the section of the road between San Antonio de los Cobres and Abra Pampa is renamed National Route 1V40. In February 2009, President Cristina Kirchner announced that the remaining unpaved length of the route in Santa Cruz would be paved. Gallery	National Route 40 (Argentina)
Systema Engineering is a Japanese manufacturer of airsoft internal parts, and airsoft gun replicas of real firearms for use as a safe, low cost substitute in simulated live fire training. Products M16A1 M16A2 M16A3 M16A3 Burst M16A4 M4A1 M4A1 CQBR M4 Burst M733 Limited Edition PTW89 (Based on Howa Type 89) PTW5A4 (Based on HK MP5A4)	Systema Engineering
King Edward VIII Falls is an single plunge waterfall found on the Semang River in the Potaro-Siparuni highlands, southern Guyana, named for Edward VIII. Waterfall has formed on the escarpment of Pacaraima Mountains and has eroded the Precambrian quartzite and conglomerate, forming an amphitheatre. Falls was noted by explorer Paul A. Zahl in 1935 and a photograph of the falls is found in his book, "To the Lost World". This remote area is seldom visited. This waterfall often is confused with another waterfall - a lengthy set of rapids on the New River (itself a major tributary to the Corentyne River) named King Edward VI Falls (not to be confused with King George VI Falls, a tall plunge near the Venezuelan border). There are several falls in Guyana that are named after kings and this has created some long standing confusion.	King Edward VIII Falls
Lachlan George Dreher (born 11 April 1967 in Melbourne, Victoria) is a former field hockey goalkeeper from Australia, who competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1992.	Lachlan Dreher
The was a group of Japanese political extremists formed in 1868 during the Boshin War. History Formation During the Boshin War, the Sekihōtai was formed on February 1, 1868 at Kongōrin-ji temple in Matsuoji, Ōmi Province with the support of Saigō Takamori and Iwakura Tomomi. Imperial court officials Ayanokoji Toshizane and Shigenoi Kinhisa were appointed as leaders of the army. The Sekihōtai had three units. Sagara Sōzō was the captain of the first unit. The Sekihōtai's second unit had as its captain the former captain of the Shinsengumi's ninth unit, Suzuki Mikisaburō, and was composed of his elder brother Itō Kashitarō's followers who had deserted the Shinsengumi. The third unit's captain was Yukawa Rensaburō of the Minakuchi Clan and it was composed mainly of Minakuchi Clan warriors. The Sekihōtai traveled the countryside spreading news about the upcoming change of regime. The Meiji government had made promises such as tax cuts that could not be kept, so the Sekihōtai were used as a scapegoat, with the government calling them a "false army". Disbandment The Sekihōtai's actions gradually became a burden to the new government which repealed the 50% reduction in land rent on the 27th. On the same day, Ayanokoji Toshizane was ordered by his father Ohara Shigetomi to return to Kyoto. The 2nd and 3rd units returned to Kyoto without the 1st unit. The 1st unit—which was under Sagara Sōzō—changed its name to and continued its attack along the Tosan Highway. Sagara and members of the first unit were arrested on March 24, 1868 outside Shimosuwa and were sentenced to death by decapitation on March 26, 1868. However, Suzuki and the second unit continued to serve the Ishin Shishi (Imperialists). As for the members of third unit, many were executed due to their plundering behavior. Other usage Recently, the name Sekihōtai refers to a 1980s political group of a similarly extreme, though less military bent. The full name of the group was Nippon Minzoku Dokuritsu Giyugun Betsudo Sekihōtai, which translates roughly as Blood Revenge Division of the People's Partisan Corps Working for the Independence of the Japanese Race. This group was responsible for the death of reporter, Tomohiro Kojiri, when a member fired a shotgun at the Hanshin Bureau of the Asahi Shimbun in Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture on January 24, 1987. The group also made several threats against the lives of two prime ministers, Yasuhiro Nakasone and Noboru Takeshita, citing as their cause the changes made to textbooks about World War II. The actions of the Sekihōtai have been listed as evidence of increased violence among Japanese political extremists. The case was named Metropolitan Designated Case 116. The statute of limitations on the crimes expired in March 2003, but supralegal investigations have been made since. In February 2009, a group claiming to be Sekihōtai sent threatening messages to a NHK news anchor. Fiction In the manga and anime series Rurouni Kenshin, the character Sagara Sanosuke was the sole survivor of the first unit. Although fictional, he is described as being the adopted son of Sagara Sozo. In the 1969 film Red Lion (film), the protagonist, a stammering, none-too-bright foot soldier named Gonzo, is a member of the first unit.	Sekihōtai
Deep Space Rendezvous Orbital launch summary By country By rocket By orbit	1964 in spaceflight
Kalverdijk (West Frisian: Kalveredìk) is a hamlet in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Schagen, and lies about 8 km north of Heerhugowaard. The hamlet was first mentioned in 1575 as Caluerdyck, and is a combination of dike and calf. Kalverdijk has place name signs. It is considered part of Tuitjenhorn, and consists of about 105 houses and 70 holiday homes.	Kalverdijk
Corners may refer to: A community formed at a crossroads or other intersection; a few examples include: Balcom Corners, New York Bells Corners in Ottawa Dixon's Corners, Ontario Five Corners, Wisconsin (disambiguation), any of three communities of that name Hales Corners, Wisconsin Hallers Corners, Michigan Layton Corners, Michigan Corners, a variation on the Four Seasons card game Corners (TV series), 1980s BBC children's television series Corners, Perry County, Missouri, an unincorporated community See also Corner (disambiguation)	Corners
Mickey's Birthday Party is a 1942 American animated short film directed by Riley Thomson, produced by Walt Disney Productions and distributed by RKO Radio Pictures. The 114th short to feature Mickey Mouse, it was released on February 7, 1942. The animated film was directed by Riley Thomson and animated by Les Clark, James Moore, Ken Muse, Armin Shaffair, Riley Thompson, Bernie Wolf, and Marvin Woodward. It was the 116th short in the Mickey Mouse film series to be released, and the first for that year. Plot Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy, Clarabelle Cow, Horace Horsecollar, and Clara Cluck throw a big birthday party for Mickey. He is given an electric organ as a gift, and he dances a wild rhumba while Minnie plays. Meanwhile, Goofy tries baking a cake, but keeps messing it up. When Minnie comes in to check on his progress, Goofy covers his tracks and tells her that the bake is going fine. Meanwhile, Donald, dressed in a sombrero, dances with Clara, whose wild, exuberant dancing exhaust Donald. Eventually, Goofy buys a cake from the bakery. Clara in her exuberance, shakes the tired Donald so much, she inadvertently flings him out of his shirt onto the chandelier. Goofy accidentally throws the cake on Mickey as everyone sings "Happy Birthday to You", but Mickey smiles regardless. Voice cast Walt Disney as Mickey Mouse Thelma Boardman as Minnie Mouse Pinto Colvig as Goofy Clarence Nash as Donald Duck Florence Gill as Clara Cluck Elvia Allman as Clarabelle Cow Production This short is an update of the 1931 black and white short The Birthday Party. The 1931 version only had Mickey, Minnie, Clarabelle and Horace, since none of the other characters existed at the time. It also has some marks of 1932's The Whoopee Party. Some of the animation of Mickey's wild dance was actually originally done by Ward Kimball for The Reluctant Dragon, not only used in the film. Home media The short was released on May 18, 2004, on Walt Disney Treasures: Mickey Mouse in Living Color, Volume Two: 1939-Today. Legacy The characters present in the story wear the same clothes from the short in the 2023 short film Once Upon a Studio. See also Mickey Mouse (film series)	Mickey's Birthday Party
was a Japanese cult novel writer, essayist, and copywriter. He also appeared frequently on Japanese TV as an actor. He was born in Amagasaki City, Hyōgo Prefecture. He received eighth place in his entrance exam to the prestigious Nada High School, and continued on to the Osaka University of Arts, where he graduated from the school of broadcasting. He then worked for a publishing company for five years, where he became famous for his catchy advertisements and commercials. He was given his own advice column in Asahi Shimbun, called the "Lighthearted Worry Column", which highlighted his strange and unique sense of humor and made him a household name. He began to work as a freelance copywriter in 1987, and in his free time, wrote the novels that would give him his cult following in Japan, as well as a variety of rakugo, essays, scripts and short stories. His best-known work includes the novels Tonight, from Every Bar in Town (13th Eiji Yoshikawa New Author Prize), The Pigs of Gadara (Mystery Writers of Japan Award), and The Night of Human Models (Naoki Prize). After his success in novels, he then expanded into theater, producing Laugh-to-Death Lilliput Army, as well as creating his own rock band, PISS, of which he was the lead singer and guitar player. After the band dissolved, he then formed Ramo and the Mother's Boys, where he played rhythm guitar and sang. Nakajima was known for his wild lifestyle and his constant use of drugs and alcohol. His appearances on television in the late 1990s and early 2000s were always an audience draw because of his slurred speech—probably from years of alcohol and drug abuse—and humorous personality. He was arrested and convicted of marijuana possession in 2003; he was sentenced to five years incarceration. He was put into a mental hospital for a brief period, and then served his 10-month sentence, with a suspended sentence of five years. He then released an essay about his trials in prison called "The Prison Diet". After his release, he plunged back into alcoholism. On July 15, 2004, after drinking late at a bar, he fell down a staircase and suffered serious head injuries. He never recovered, dying on July 26, 2004.	Ramo Nakajima
The International Game Fish Association (IGFA) is the leading authority on angling pursuits and the keeper of the most current world record fishing catches by fish categories. Fishermen who are sport fishers are careful to follow their stringent rules for fair play and line requirements in order to receive the honor of being listed in their annual "World Record Game Fishes" publication. The publication also gives fishing tips, and has an extensive fish identification guide. The IGFA is also an ardent proponent of aquatic habitat conservation, and cooperates with biologists all over the world. It is considered the world's governing body for sport fishing. IGFA is headquartered in Dania Beach, Florida. Philosophy IGFA's objectives are founded on the beliefs that game fish species, related food fish, and their habitats are economic, social, recreational, and aesthetic assets which must be maintained, wisely used and perpetuated; and that the sport of angling is an important recreational, economic, and social activity which the public must be educated to pursue in a manner consistent with sound sporting and conservation practices. Organization and structure The International Game Fish Association is a nonprofit, tax exempt organization, supported by its membership and governed by an executive committee and Board of Trustees. An elected International Committee of more than 300 sport fishermen and women represents the IGFA in fishing areas throughout the world. International Committee members act as liaisons between recreational fishermen, fishing clubs, local governments and fishery agencies in their areas and IGFA headquarters. Objectives, projects, and services The purpose of IGFA, as set forth in the early bylaws, is: "to encourage the study of game fishes for the sake of whatever pleasure, information, or benefit it may provide; to keep the sport of game fishing ethical, and to make its rules acceptable to the majority of anglers; to encourage this sport both as recreation and as a potential source of scientific data; to place such data at the disposal of as many human beings as possible; and to keep an attested and up-to-date chart of world record catches." The founding fathers of IGFA - including such sportfishing greats as Michael Lerner, Van Campen Heilner, Clive Firth, and Ernest Hemingway - obviously had foresight; the basic purposes they set forth have increased in importance through the years. Today's IGFA has not changed these goals; rather it has brought them to the attention of the angling public, enlarged upon them, added to them, and adapted them to the current and increasing needs of the sportfishing community. World record keeping IGFA maintains and publishes world records for saltwater, freshwater, fly fishing catches, U.S. state freshwater records, and junior angler records, awarding certificates of recognition to each record holder. Recognized as the official keeper of world saltwater fishing records since 1939, IGFA entered the field of freshwater record keeping when Field & Stream transferred its 68 years of records to the association in 1978. International Angling Regulations The equipment and fishing regulations adopted worldwide are formulated, updated, and published by IGFA to promote sporting angling practices, to establish uniform rules for world record catches, and to provide angling guidelines for use in tournaments and other group fishing activities. IGFA Legendary Captains and Crew Awards Starting in 2011, the Tommy Gifford Award is presented each year to several recipients of the IGFA Legendary Captains and Crew Awards. IGFA Recognition Awards IGFA Conservation Awards The IGFA Conservation Awards were established in 1993. Notable recipients include: Julian Pepperell 1999, marine biologist Thomas Remengesau Jr. 2014, ninth President of Palau Gilbert Keech Heavy Tackle Award The Gilbert Keech Heavy Tackle Award was established in 2002. Bob Herder Light Tackle Award The Bob Heredr Light Tackle Award was established in 2006. IGFA–Chester H. Wolfe Outstanding Sportsmanship Award The IGFA–Chester H. Wolfe Outstanding Sportsmanship Award was established in 2011. E.K. Harry Library of Fishes Established in 1973 in response to the need for a permanent repository for angling literature, history, films, art, photographs, and artifacts, this library houses the most comprehensive collection in the world on game fish, angling, and related subjects. Fishery research IGFA has continuously supported scientific tagging and other data collection programs, and works closely with fishery biologists in order to exchange information and relay to anglers the particular needs and results of research and conservation efforts. Fishery legislation IGFA serves as consultant to administrative and legislative bodies around the world in order to ensure that the angler is fairly represented in decisions concerning the management of game fish populations and other issues which affect the future of recreational fishing. History Before 1939 there was no universal code of sporting ethics to guide ocean anglers in their pursuits. Some rules pertaining to sporting conduct were in effect at certain well-established fishing clubs but they varied according to the dictates of each club. The idea of a worldwide association of marine anglers had been brewing for some time in England, Australia, and the United States, and the first steps in this direction were taken in the late 1930s by members of the British Tunny Club who hoped to establish headquarters in England to formulate rules for ethical angling. The threat of war, however, interrupted their plans. At that same time, Michael Lerner was organizing a fishing expedition to the waters of Australia and New Zealand in conjunction with the American Museum of Natural History in New York. He heard of the British Tunny Club's plans, and when he arrived in Australia he looked up one of the country's finest anglers, Clive Firth, to discuss the idea with him. Firth was well aware of the angling feats of Californians, Floridians, Long Islanders and others. He felt that England and her colonies would accept American judgement as sporting and impartial, and that Americans should be the ones to devise and administer these ethical angling rules. Dr. William King Gregory, head of the Departments of Ichthyology and Comparative Anatomy at the American Museum of Natural History, also was a member of the Australia-New Zealand expedition. He was particularly enthusiastic about the idea of a worldwide sport fishing association headquartered in the United States, and immediately suggested that it might be possible to affiliate such an organization with the Museum. His interest in such an association and the information it could provide to scientists was the beginning of IGFA's lasting connection with scientists and scientific institutions. When the members of the Australia-New Zealand expedition returned to the U. S., letters were written to outstanding anglers, fishing clubs, and tackle manufacturers soliciting their opinions regarding the formation of an international association of marine angling clubs. The response was highly favorable and on June 7, 1939, the International Game Fish Association was formally launched in a meeting held at the American Museum of Natural History. Present were William King Gregory (who became the first president of the association), Michael Lerner, angler/writer Van Campen Heilner, and Francesca LaMonte, Associate Curator of Fishes for the Museum and science leader of several of the Lerner expeditions. Another immediate task was to notify scientific institutions and fishing clubs throughout the world about IGFA, its activities and intentions. By January 1940, only a few months after that first meeting, there were two associated scientific institutions, 10 member clubs, and 12 overseas representatives. By 1948, the numbers had grown to 10 scientific institutions, 80 member clubs, and IGFA representatives in 41 areas of the world. Clive Firth of Australia was elected IGFA's first overseas representative, and others were chosen in Nigeria, New Zealand, Bermuda, the Bahamas, Chile, Costa Rica, the Canal Zone, Cuba, Hawaii, Mexico and Puerto Rico. Among the first associated clubs were the Catalina Tuna Club, Miami Beach Rod and Reel Club, Cape Breton Big Game Anglers Association, Long Island Tuna Club, Atlantic City Tuna Club, Freeport Tuna Club, and Beach Haven Tuna Club. As news of the IGFA spread, other noted sportsmen and scientists were drawn to its administration. Among the early officers were Ernest Hemingway, Philip Wylie, B. David Crowninshield, and Charles M. Breder Jr., who served as Chairman of the Committee on Scientific Activities. Michael Lerner financed the operations of the International Game Fish Association from its inception, and when Dr. Gregory retired from the Museum staff in 1944, Lerner took over responsibility for the IGFA presidency as well. Since then, William K. Carpenter, Elwood K. Harry, Michael Leech, and Rob Kramer have served as IGFA presidents. The physical location of IGFA headquarters changed as well through the last six decades: in the late 1950s IGFA moved from New York City to Florida, first to Miami, then in 1967 to Fort Lauderdale, in 1992 to Pompano Beach, and in 1999 to Dania Beach. However, two of the most significant events affecting the association since 1939 occurred in the 1970s. Early in that decade E. K. Harry, then IGFA vice president, proposed opening the organization to individual membership to insure its continued funding, unify international anglers, and inform a much larger audience of the problems threatening fishery resources. Then, in 1978, Field & Stream magazine officially turned over its record-keeping responsibilities to IGFA. Thus the membership-driven organization that IGFA is today, responsible for all saltwater and freshwater world records and for spreading awareness of fishery and conservation issues to fishermen around the world, was formed. See also Sport Fishing Association (Venezuela)	International Game Fish Association
The Pulgas Water Temple is a stone structure in Redwood City, California, United States, designed by architect William G. Merchant. It was erected by the San Francisco Water Department to commemorate the 1934 completion of the Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct and is located at the aqueduct's terminus; originally water flowed through a vault under the temple itself, but new requirements for treatment require it to be diverted to a plant nearby. The name comes from Rancho de las Pulgas, an early Spanish land grant. Pulgas is the Spanish word for "fleas", which were encountered by early Spanish explorers of the area. Temple The permanent water temple was completed in 1938, replacing an original made largely of plywood. Designed by architect William Merchant and with carving by Albert Bernasconi, it consists of a circle of fluted Corinthian columns surmounted by a large masonry ring bearing the inscription "I give waters in the wilderness and rivers in the desert, to give drink to my people" [from Isaiah 43:20]. There is a reflecting pool lined with cypress trees. San Francisco and other Bay Area communities are supplied with water from the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir approximately 160 miles away via the Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct. Originally, the water flowed over a small C-shaped waterfall within the Pulgas Water Temple itself and then continued for approximately 800 feet down a canal to the west into Upper Crystal Springs Reservoir. Diversion The well within the temple was covered with a grate to prevent thrill-seekers from jumping in and riding the water down the canal. Since 2004, water no longer flows through the temple, but instead is diverted to a nearby treatment plant where chloramine added at the Sunol treatment plant is removed before the water enters the reservoir, to avoid possible ecological damage from the additive. Water fed into the water supply is treated again with chloramine at a plant in San Bruno. Historical Landmark California Historical Landmark No. 92 is located here, commemorating the camping place, somewhere in this immediate area, of the Spanish Portola expedition on November 11, 1769. Members of the expedition were the first Europeans to explore inland areas of California, and the first to see San Francisco Bay. On the previous day, while camped at San Francisquito Creek, expedition leaders made the decision to turn around and begin the return journey to San Diego. This meant first retracing their steps north to where they had crossed Sweeney Ridge from the coast. See also Sunol Water Temple Hetch Hetchy Valley	Pulgas Water Temple
Benjamin Lee Whorf (; April 24, 1897 – July 26, 1941) was an American linguist and fire prevention engineer who is famous for proposing the "Sapir–Whorf hypothesis." He believed that the structures of different languages shape how their speakers perceive and conceptualize the world. Whorf saw this idea, named after him and his mentor Edward Sapir, as having implications similar to Einstein's principle of physical relativity. However, the concept originated from 19th-century philosophy and thinkers like Wilhelm von Humboldt and Wilhelm Wundt. Whorf initially pursued chemical engineering but developed an interest in linguistics, particularly Biblical Hebrew and indigenous Mesoamerican languages. His groundbreaking work on the Nahuatl language earned him recognition, and he received a grant to study it further in Mexico. He presented influential papers on Nahuatl upon his return. Whorf later studied linguistics with Edward Sapir at Yale University while working as a fire prevention engineer. During his time at Yale, Whorf worked on describing the Hopi language and made notable claims about its perception of time. He also conducted research on the Uto-Aztecan languages, publishing influential papers. In 1938, he substituted for Sapir, teaching a seminar on American Indian linguistics. Whorf's contributions extended beyond linguistic relativity; he wrote a grammar sketch of Hopi, studied Nahuatl dialects, proposed a deciphering of Maya hieroglyphic writing, and contributed to Uto-Aztecan reconstruction. After Whorf's death from cancer in 1941, his linguist friends curated his manuscripts and promoted his ideas regarding language, culture, and cognition. However, in the 1960s, his views fell out of favor due to criticisms claiming his ideas were untestable and poorly formulated. In recent decades, interest in Whorf's work has resurged, with scholars reevaluating his ideas and engaging in a more in-depth understanding of his theories. The field of linguistic relativity remains an active area of research in psycholinguistics and linguistic anthropology, generating ongoing debates between relativism and universalism. Whorf's contributions to linguistics, such as the allophone and the cryptotype, have been widely accepted. Biography Early life The son of Harry Church Whorf and Sarah Edna Lee Whorf, Benjamin Lee Whorf was born on April 24, 1897, in Winthrop, Massachusetts. Harry Church Whorf was an artist, intellectual, and designer – first working as a commercial artist and later as a dramatist. Whorf had two younger brothers, John and Richard, who both went on to become notable artists. John became an internationally renowned painter and illustrator; Richard was an actor in films such as Yankee Doodle Dandy and later an Emmy-nominated television director of such shows as The Beverly Hillbillies. Whorf was the intellectual of the three and started conducting chemical experiments with his father's photographic equipment at a young age. He was also an avid reader, interested in botany, astrology, and Middle American prehistory. He read William H. Prescott's Conquest of Mexico several times. At the age of 17, he began keeping a copious diary in which he recorded his thoughts and dreams. Career in fire prevention Whorf graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1918 with a degree in chemical engineering where his academic performance was of average quality. In 1920, he married Celia Inez Peckham, who became the mother of his three children, Raymond Ben, Robert Peckham and Celia Lee. Around the same time he began work as a fire prevention engineer (an inspector) for the Hartford Fire Insurance Company. He was particularly good at the job and was highly commended by his employers. His job required him to travel to production facilities throughout New England to be inspected. One anecdote describes him arriving at a chemical plant in which he was denied access by the director because he would not allow anyone to see the production procedure which was a trade secret. Having been told what the plant produced, Whorf wrote a chemical formula on a piece of paper, saying to the director: "I think this is what you're doing". The surprised director asked Whorf how he knew about the secret procedure, and he simply answered: "You couldn't do it in any other way." Whorf helped to attract new customers to the Fire Insurance Company; they favored his thorough inspections and recommendations. Another famous anecdote from his job was used by Whorf to argue that language use affects habitual behavior. Whorf described a workplace in which full gasoline drums were stored in one room and empty ones in another; he said that because of flammable vapor the "empty" drums were more dangerous than those that were full, although workers handled them less carefully to the point that they smoked in the room with "empty" drums, but not in the room with full ones. Whorf argued that by habitually speaking of the vapor-filled drums as empty and by extension as inert, the workers were oblivious to the risk posed by smoking near the "empty drums". Early interest in religion and language Whorf was a spiritual man throughout his lifetime although what religion he followed has been the subject of debate. As a young man, he produced a manuscript titled "Why I have discarded evolution", causing some scholars to describe him as a devout Methodist, who was impressed with fundamentalism, and perhaps supportive of creationism. However, throughout his life Whorf's main religious interest was theosophy, a nonsectarian organization based on Buddhist and Hindu teachings that promotes the view of the world as an interconnected whole and the unity and brotherhood of humankind "without distinction of race, creed, sex, caste or color". Some scholars have argued that the conflict between spiritual and scientific inclinations has been a driving force in Whorf's intellectual development, particularly in the attraction by ideas of linguistic relativity. Whorf said that "of all groups of people with whom I have come in contact, Theosophical people seem the most capable of becoming excited about ideas—new ideas." Around 1924, Whorf first became interested in linguistics. Originally, he analyzed Biblical texts, seeking to uncover hidden layers of meaning. Inspired by the esoteric work La langue hebraïque restituée by Antoine Fabre d'Olivet, he began a semantic and grammatical analysis of Biblical Hebrew. Whorf's early manuscripts on Hebrew and Maya have been described as exhibiting a considerable degree of mysticism, as he sought to uncover esoteric meanings of glyphs and letters. Early studies in Mesoamerican linguistics Whorf studied Biblical linguistics mainly at the Watkinson Library (now Hartford Public Library). This library had an extensive collection of materials about Native American linguistics and folklore, originally collected by James Hammond Trumbull. It was at the Watkinson library that Whorf became friends with the young boy, John B. Carroll, who later went on to study psychology under B. F. Skinner, and who in 1956 edited and published a selection of Whorf's essays as Language, Thought and Reality . The collection rekindled Whorf's interest in Mesoamerican antiquity. He began studying the Nahuatl language in 1925, and later, beginning in 1928, he studied the collections of Maya hieroglyphic texts. Quickly becoming conversant with the materials, he began a scholarly dialog with Mesoamericanists such as Alfred Tozzer, the Maya archaeologist at Harvard University, and Herbert Spinden of the Brooklyn Museum. In 1928, he first presented a paper at the International Congress of Americanists in which he presented his translation of a Nahuatl document held at the Peabody Museum at Harvard. He also began to study the comparative linguistics of the Uto-Aztecan language family, which Edward Sapir had recently demonstrated to be a linguistic family. In addition to Nahuatl, Whorf studied the Piman and Tepecano languages, while in close correspondence with linguist J. Alden Mason. Field studies in Mexico Because of the promise shown by his work on Uto-Aztecan, Tozzer and Spinden advised Whorf to apply for a grant with the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) to support his research. Whorf considered using the money to travel to Mexico to procure Aztec manuscripts for the Watkinson library, but Tozzer suggested he spend the time in Mexico documenting modern Nahuatl dialects. In his application Whorf proposed to establish the oligosynthetic nature of the Nahuatl language. Before leaving Whorf presented the paper "Stem series in Maya" at the Linguistic Society of America conference, in which he argued that in the Mayan languages syllables carry symbolic content. The SSRC awarded Whorf the grant and in 1930 he traveled to Mexico City, where Professor Robert H. Barlow put him in contact with several speakers of Nahuatl to serve as his informants. The outcome of the trip to Mexico was Whorf's sketch of Milpa Alta Nahuatl, published only after his death, and an article on a series of Aztec pictograms found at the Tepozteco monument at Tepoztlán, Morelos in which he noted similarities in form and meaning between Aztec and Maya day signs. At Yale Although Whorf had been entirely an autodidact in linguistic theory and field methodology up to this point, he had already made a name for himself in Mesoamerican linguistics. Whorf had met Sapir, the leading US linguist of the day, at professional conferences, and in 1931 Sapir came to Yale from the University of Chicago to take a position as Professor of Anthropology. Alfred Tozzer sent Sapir a copy of Whorf's paper on "Nahuatl tones and saltillo". Sapir replied stating that it "should by all means be published"; however, it was not until 1993 that it was prepared for publication by Lyle Campbell and Frances Karttunen. Whorf took Sapir's first course at Yale on "American Indian Linguistics". He enrolled in a program of graduate studies, nominally working towards a PhD in linguistics, but he never actually attempted to obtain a degree, satisfying himself with participating in the intellectual community around Sapir. At Yale, Whorf joined the circle of Sapir's students that included such luminaries as Morris Swadesh, Mary Haas, Harry Hoijer, G. L. Trager and Charles F. Voegelin. Whorf took on a central role among Sapir's students and was well respected. Sapir had a profound influence on Whorf's thinking. Sapir's earliest writings had espoused views of the relation between thought and language stemming from the Humboldtian tradition he acquired through Franz Boas, which regarded language as the historical embodiment of volksgeist, or ethnic world view. But Sapir had since become influenced by a current of logical positivism, such as that of Bertrand Russell and the early Ludwig Wittgenstein, particularly through Ogden and Richards' The Meaning of Meaning, from which he adopted the view that natural language potentially obscures, rather than facilitates, the mind to perceive and describe the world as it really is. In this view, proper perception could only be accomplished through formal logics. During his stay at Yale, Whorf acquired this current of thought partly from Sapir and partly through his own readings of Russell and Ogden and Richards. As Whorf became more influenced by positivist science he also distanced himself from some approaches to language and meaning that he saw as lacking in rigor and insight. One of these was Polish philosopher Alfred Korzybski's General semantics, which was espoused in the US by Stuart Chase. Chase admired Whorf's work and frequently sought out a reluctant Whorf, who considered Chase to be "utterly incompetent by training and background to handle such a subject." Ironically, Chase would later write the foreword for Carroll's collection of Whorf's writings. Work on Hopi and descriptive linguistics Sapir also encouraged Whorf to continue his work on the historical and descriptive linguistics of Uto-Aztecan. Whorf published several articles on that topic in this period, some of them with G. L. Trager, who had become his close friend. Whorf took a special interest in the Hopi language and started working with Ernest Naquayouma, a speaker of Hopi from Toreva village living in Manhattan, New York. Whorf credited Naquayouma as the source of most of his information on the Hopi language, although in 1938 he took a short field trip to the village of Mishongnovi, on the Second Mesa of the Hopi Reservation in Arizona. In 1936, Whorf was appointed honorary research fellow in anthropology at Yale, and he was invited by Franz Boas to serve on the committee of the Society of American Linguistics (later Linguistic Society of America). In 1937, Yale awarded him the Sterling Fellowship. He was a lecturer in anthropology from 1937 through 1938, replacing Sapir, who was gravely ill. Whorf gave graduate level lectures on "Problems of American Indian Linguistics". In 1938 with Trager's assistance he elaborated a report on the progress of linguistic research at the department of anthropology at Yale. The report includes some of Whorf's influential contributions to linguistic theory, such as the concept of the allophone and of covert grammatical categories. has argued, that in this report Whorf's linguistic theories exist in a condensed form, and that it was mainly through this report that Whorf exerted influence on the discipline of descriptive linguistics. Final years In late 1938, Whorf's own health declined. After an operation for cancer, he fell into an unproductive period. He was also deeply affected by Sapir's death in early 1939. It was in the writings of his last two years that he laid out the research program of linguistic relativity. His 1939 memorial article for Sapir, "The Relation of Habitual Thought And Behavior to Language", in particular has been taken to be Whorf's definitive statement of the issue, and is his most frequently quoted piece. In his last year Whorf also published three articles in the MIT Technology Review titled "Science and Linguistics", "Linguistics as an Exact Science" and "Language and Logic". He was also invited to contribute an article to a theosophical journal, Theosophist, published in Madras, India, for which he wrote "Language, Mind and Reality". In these final pieces, he offered a critique of Western science in which he suggested that non-European languages often referred to physical phenomena in ways that more directly reflected aspects of reality than many European languages, and that science ought to pay attention to the effects of linguistic categorization in its efforts to describe the physical world. He particularly criticized the Indo-European languages for promoting a mistaken essentialist world view, which had been disproved by advances in the sciences, whereas he suggested that other languages dedicated more attention to processes and dynamics rather than stable essences. Whorf argued that paying attention to how other physical phenomena are described in the study of linguistics could make valuable contributions to science by pointing out the ways in which certain assumptions about reality are implicit in the structure of language itself, and how language guides the attention of speakers towards certain phenomena in the world which risk becoming overemphasized while leaving other phenomena at risk of being overlooked. Posthumous reception and legacy At Whorf's death, his friend G. L. Trager was appointed as curator of his unpublished manuscripts. Some of them were published in the years after his death by another of Whorf's friends, Harry Hoijer. In the decade following, Trager and particularly Hoijer did much to popularize Whorf's ideas about linguistic relativity, and it was Hoijer who coined the term "Sapir–Whorf hypothesis" at a 1954 conference. Trager then published an article titled "The systematization of the Whorf hypothesis", which contributed to the idea that Whorf had proposed a hypothesis that should be the basis for a program of empirical research. Hoijer also published studies of Indigenous languages and cultures of the American South West in which Whorf found correspondences between cultural patterns and linguistic ones. The term, even though technically a misnomer, went on to become the most widely known label for Whorf's ideas. According to John A. Lucy, "Whorf's work in linguistics was and still is recognized as being of superb professional quality by linguists". Universalism and anti-Whorfianism Whorf's work began to fall out of favor less than a decade after his death, and he was subjected to severe criticism from scholars of language, culture and psychology. In 1953 and 1954, psychologists Roger Brown and Eric Lenneberg criticized Whorf for his reliance on anecdotal evidence, formulating a hypothesis to scientifically test his ideas, which they limited to an examination of a causal relation between grammatical or lexical structure and cognition or perception. Whorf himself did not advocate a straight causality between language and thought; instead he wrote that "Language and culture had grown up together"; that both were mutually shaped by the other. Hence, has argued that because the aim of the formulation of the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis was to test simple causation, it failed to test Whorf's ideas from the outset. Focusing on color terminology, with easily discernible differences between perception and vocabulary, Brown and Lenneberg published in 1954 a study of Zuni color terms that slightly support a weak effect of semantic categorization of color terms on color perception. In doing so they began a line of empirical studies that investigated the principle of linguistic relativity. Empirical testing of the Whorfian hypothesis declined in the 1960s to 1980s as Noam Chomsky began to redefine linguistics and much of psychology in formal universalist terms. Several studies from that period refuted Whorf's hypothesis, demonstrating that linguistic diversity is a surface veneer that masks underlying universal cognitive principles. Many studies were highly critical and disparaging in their language, ridiculing Whorf's analyses and examples or his lack of an academic degree. Throughout the 1980s, most mentions of Whorf or of the Sapir–Whorf hypotheses continued to be disparaging, and led to a widespread view that Whorf's ideas had been proven wrong. Because Whorf was treated so severely in the scholarship during those decades, he has been described as "one of the prime whipping boys of introductory texts to linguistics". With the advent of cognitive linguistics and psycholinguistics in the late 1980s, some linguists sought to rehabilitate Whorf's reputation, as scholarship began to question whether earlier critiques of Whorf were justified. By the 1960s, analytical philosophers also became aware of the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis, and philosophers such as Max Black and Donald Davidson published scathing critiques of Whorf's strong relativist viewpoints. Black characterized Whorf's ideas about metaphysics as demonstrating "amateurish crudity". According to Black and Davidson, Whorf's viewpoint and the concept of linguistic relativity meant that translation between languages with different conceptual schemes would be impossible. Recent assessments such as those by Leavitt and Lee, however, consider Black and Davidson's interpretation to be based on an inaccurate characterization of Whorf's viewpoint, and even rather absurd given the time he spent trying to translate between different conceptual schemes. In their view, the critiques are based on a lack of familiarity with Whorf's writings; according to these recent Whorf scholars a more accurate description of his viewpoint is that he thought translation to be possible, but only through careful attention to the subtle differences between conceptual schemes. Eric Lenneberg, Noam Chomsky, and Steven Pinker have also criticized Whorf for failing to be sufficiently clear in his formulation of how language influences thought, and for failing to provide real evidence to support his assumptions. Generally Whorf's arguments took the form of examples that were anecdotal or speculative, and functioned as attempts to show how "exotic" grammatical traits were connected to what were considered equally exotic worlds of thought. Even Whorf's defenders admitted that his writing style was often convoluted and couched in neologisms – attributed to his awareness of language use, and his reluctance to use terminology that might have pre-existing connotations. argues that Whorf was mesmerized by the foreignness of indigenous languages, and exaggerated and idealized them. According to Lakoff, Whorf's tendency to exoticize data must be judged in the historical context: Whorf and the other Boasians wrote at a time in which racism and jingoism were predominant, and when it was unthinkable to many that "savages" had redeeming qualities, or that their languages were comparable in complexity to those of Europe. For this alone Lakoff argues, Whorf can be considered to be "Not just a pioneer in linguistics, but a pioneer as a human being". Today many followers of universalist schools of thought continue to oppose the idea of linguistic relativity, seeing it as unsound or even ridiculous. For example, Steven Pinker argues in his book The Language Instinct that thought exists prior to language and independently of it, a view also espoused by philosophers of language such as Jerry Fodor, John Locke and Plato. In this interpretation, language is inconsequential to human thought because humans do not think in "natural" language, i.e. any language used for communication. Rather, we think in a meta-language that precedes natural language, which Pinker following Fodor calls "mentalese." Pinker attacks what he calls "Whorf's radical position", declaring, "the more you examine Whorf's arguments, the less sense they make." Scholars of a more "relativist" bent such as John A. Lucy and Stephen C. Levinson have criticized Pinker for misrepresenting Whorf's views and arguing against strawmen. Resurgence of Whorfianism Linguistic relativity studies have experienced a resurgence since the 1990s, and a series of favorable experimental results have brought Whorfianism back into favor, especially in cultural psychology and linguistic anthropology. The first study directing positive attention towards Whorf's relativist position was George Lakoff's "Women, Fire and Dangerous Things", in which he argued that Whorf had been on the right track in his focus on differences in grammatical and lexical categories as a source of differences in conceptualization. In 1992 psychologist John A. Lucy published two books on the topic, one analyzing the intellectual genealogy of the hypothesis, arguing that previous studies had failed to appreciate the subtleties of Whorf's thinking; they had been unable to formulate a research agenda that would actually test Whorf's claims. Lucy proposed a new research design so that the hypothesis of linguistic relativity could be tested empirically, and to avoid the pitfalls of earlier studies which Lucy claimed had tended to presuppose the universality of the categories they were studying. His second book was an empirical study of the relation between grammatical categories and cognition in the Yucatec Maya language of Mexico. In 1996 Penny Lee's reappraisal of Whorf's writings was published, reinstating Whorf as a serious and capable thinker. Lee argued that previous explorations of the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis had largely ignored Whorf's actual writings, and consequently asked questions very unlike those Whorf had asked. Also in that year a volume, "Rethinking Linguistic Relativity" edited by John J. Gumperz and Stephen C. Levinson gathered a range of researchers working in psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology to bring renewed attention to the issue of how Whorf's theories could be updated, and a subsequent review of the new direction of the linguistic relativity paradigm cemented the development. Since then considerable empirical research into linguistic relativity has been carried out, especially at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics with scholarship motivating two edited volumes of linguistic relativity studies, and in American Institutions by scholars such as Lera Boroditsky and Dedre Gentner. In turn universalist scholars frequently dismiss as "dull" or "boring", positive findings of influence of linguistic categories on thought or behavior, which are often subtle rather than spectacular, suggesting that Whorf's excitement about linguistic relativity had promised more spectacular findings than it was able to provide. Whorf's views have been compared to those of philosophers such as Friedrich Nietzsche and the late Ludwig Wittgenstein, both of whom considered language to have important bearing on thought and reasoning. His hypotheses have also been compared to the views of psychologists such as Lev Vygotsky, whose social constructivism considers the cognitive development of children to be mediated by the social use of language. Vygotsky shared Whorf's interest in gestalt psychology, and he also read Sapir's works. Others have seen similarities between Whorf's work and the ideas of literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin, who read Whorf and whose approach to textual meaning was similarly holistic and relativistic. Whorf's ideas have also been interpreted as a radical critique of positivist science. Work Linguistic relativity Whorf is best known as the main proponent of what he called the principle of linguistic relativity, but which is often known as "the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis", named for him and Edward Sapir. Whorf never stated the principle in the form of a hypothesis, and the idea that linguistic categories influence perception and cognition was shared by many other scholars before him. But because Whorf, in his articles, gave specific examples of how he saw the grammatical categories of specific languages related to conceptual and behavioral patterns, he pointed towards an empirical research program that has been taken up by subsequent scholars, and which is often called "Sapir–Whorf studies". Sources of influence on Whorf's thinking Whorf and Sapir both drew explicitly on Albert Einstein's principle of general relativity; hence linguistic relativity refers to the concept of grammatical and semantic categories of a specific language providing a frame of reference as a medium through which observations are made. Following an original observation by Boas, Sapir demonstrated that speakers of a given language perceive sounds that are acoustically different as the same, if the sound comes from the underlying phoneme and does not contribute to changes in semantic meaning. Furthermore, speakers of languages are attentive to sounds, particularly if the same two sounds come from different phonemes. Such differentiation is an example of how various observational frames of reference leads to different patterns of attention and perception. Whorf was also influenced by gestalt psychology, believing that languages require their speakers to describe the same events as different gestalt constructions, which he called "isolates from experience". An example is how the action of cleaning a gun is different in English and Shawnee: English focuses on the instrumental relation between two objects and the purpose of the action (removing dirt); whereas the Shawnee language focuses on the movement—using an arm to create a dry space in a hole. The event described is the same, but the attention in terms of figure and ground are different. Degree of influence of language on thought If read superficially, some of Whorf's statements lend themselves to the interpretation that he supported linguistic determinism. For example, in an often-quoted passage Whorf writes: The statements about the obligatory nature of the terms of language have been taken to suggest that Whorf meant that language completely determined the scope of possible conceptualizations. However neo-Whorfians argue that here Whorf is writing about the terms in which we speak of the world, not the terms in which we think of it. Whorf noted that to communicate thoughts and experiences with members of a speech community speakers must use the linguistic categories of their shared language, which requires moulding experiences into the shape of language to speak them—a process called "thinking for speaking". This interpretation is supported by Whorf's subsequent statement that "No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality, but is constrained by certain modes of interpretation even when he thinks himself most free". Similarly the statement that observers are led to different pictures of the universe has been understood as an argument that different conceptualizations are incommensurable making translation between different conceptual and linguistic systems impossible. Neo-Whorfians argue this to be a misreading since throughout his work one of his main points was that such systems could be "calibrated" and thereby be made commensurable, but only when we become aware of the differences in conceptual schemes through linguistic analysis. Hopi time Whorf's study of Hopi time has been the most widely discussed and criticized example of linguistic relativity. In his analysis he argues that there is a relation between how the Hopi people conceptualize time, how they speak of temporal relations, and the grammar of the Hopi language. Whorf's most elaborate argument for the existence of linguistic relativity was based on what he saw as a fundamental difference in the understanding of time as a conceptual category among the Hopi. He argued that the Hopi language, in contrast to English and other SAE languages, does not treat the flow of time as a sequence of distinct countable instances, like "three days" or "five years", but rather as a single process. Because of this difference, the language lacks nouns that refer to units of time. He proposed that the Hopi view of time was fundamental in all aspects of their culture and furthermore explained certain patterns of behavior. In his 1939 memorial essay to Sapir he wrote that "... the Hopi language is seen to contain no words, grammatical forms, construction or expressions that refer directly to what we call 'time', or to past, present, or future..." Linguist Ekkehart Malotki challenged Whorf's analyses of Hopi temporal expressions and concepts with numerous examples how the Hopi language refers to time. Malotki argues that in the Hopi language the system of tenses consists of future and non-future and that the single difference between the three-tense system of European languages and the Hopi system, is that the latter combines past and present to form a single category. Malotki's critique was widely cited as the final piece of evidence in refuting Whorf's ideas and his concept of linguistic relativity while other scholars defended the analysis of Hopi, arguing that Whorf's claim was not that Hopi lacked words or categories to describe temporality, but that the Hopi concept of time is altogether different from that of English speakers. Whorf described the Hopi categories of tense, noting that time is not divided into past, present and future, as is common in European languages, but rather a single tense refers to both present and past while another refers to events that have not yet happened and may or may not happen in the future. He also described a large array of stems that he called "tensors" which describes aspects of temporality, but without referring to countable units of time as in English and most European languages. Contributions to linguistic theory Whorf's distinction between "overt" (phenotypical) and "covert" (cryptotypical) grammatical categories has become widely influential in linguistics and anthropology. British linguist Michael Halliday wrote about Whorf's notion of the "cryptotype", and the conception of "how grammar models reality", that it would "eventually turn out to be among the major contributions of twentieth century linguistics". Furthermore, Whorf introduced the concept of the allophone, a word that describes positional phonetic variants of a single superordinate phoneme; in doing so he placed a cornerstone in consolidating early phoneme theory. The term was popularized by G. L. Trager and Bernard Bloch in a 1941 paper on English phonology and went on to become part of standard usage within the American structuralist tradition. Whorf considered allophones to be another example of linguistic relativity. The principle of allophony describes how acoustically different sounds can be treated as reflections of a single phoneme in a language. This sometimes makes the different sound appear similar to native speakers of the language, even to the point that they are unable to distinguish them auditorily without special training. Whorf wrote that: "[allophones] are also relativistic. Objectively, acoustically, and physiologically the allophones of [a] phoneme may be extremely unlike, hence the impossibility of determining what is what. You always have to keep the observer in the picture. What linguistic pattern makes like is like, and what it makes unlike is unlike".(Whorf, 1940) Central to Whorf's inquiries was the approach later described as metalinguistics by G. L. Trager, who in 1950 published four of Whorf's essays as "Four articles on Metalinguistics". Whorf was crucially interested in the ways in which speakers come to be aware of the language that they use, and become able to describe and analyze language using language itself to do so. Whorf saw that the ability to arrive at progressively more accurate descriptions of the world hinged partly on the ability to construct a metalanguage to describe how language affects experience, and thus to have the ability to calibrate different conceptual schemes. Whorf's endeavors have since been taken up in the development of the study of metalinguistics and metalinguistic awareness, first by Michael Silverstein who published a radical and influential rereading of Whorf in 1979 and subsequently in the field of linguistic anthropology. Studies of Uto-Aztecan languages Whorf conducted important work on the Uto-Aztecan languages, which Sapir had conclusively demonstrated as a valid language family in 1915. Working first on Nahuatl, Tepecano, Tohono O'odham he established familiarity with the language group before he met Sapir in 1928. During Whorf's time at Yale he published several articles on Uto-Aztecan linguistics, such as "Notes on the Tübatulabal language". In 1935 he published "The Comparative Linguistics of Uto-Aztecan", and a review of Kroeber's survey of Uto-Aztecan linguistics. Whorf's work served to further cement the foundations of the comparative Uto-Aztecan studies. The first Native American language Whorf studied was the Uto-Aztecan language Nahuatl which he studied first from colonial grammars and documents, and later became the subject of his first field work experience in 1930. Based on his studies of Classical Nahuatl Whorf argued that Nahuatl was an oligosynthetic language, a typological category that he invented. In Mexico working with native speakers, he studied the dialects of Milpa Alta and Tepoztlán. His grammar sketch of the Milpa Alta dialect of Nahuatl was not published during his lifetime, but it was published posthumously by Harry Hoijer and became quite influential and used as the basic description of "Modern Nahuatl" by many scholars. The description of the dialect is quite condensed and in some places difficult to understand because of Whorf's propensity of inventing his own unique terminology for grammatical concepts, but the work has generally been considered to be technically advanced. He also produced an analysis of the prosody of these dialects which he related to the history of the glottal stop and vowel length in Nahuan languages. This work was prepared for publication by Lyle Campbell and Frances Karttunen in 1993, who also considered it a valuable description of the two endangered dialects, and the only one of its kind to include detailed phonetic analysis of supra-segmental phenomena. In Uto-Aztecan linguistics one of Whorf's achievements was to determine the reason the Nahuatl language has the phoneme , not found in the other languages of the family. The existence of in Nahuatl had puzzled previous linguists and caused Sapir to reconstruct a phoneme for proto-Uto-Aztecan based only on evidence from Aztecan. In a 1937 paper published in the journal American Anthropologist, Whorf argued that the phoneme resulted from some of the Nahuan or Aztecan languages having undergone a sound change from the original * to in the position before *. This sound law is known as "Whorf's law", considered valid although a more detailed understanding of the precise conditions under which it took place has since been developed. Also in 1937, Whorf and his friend G. L. Trager, published a paper in which they elaborated on the Azteco-Tanoan language family, proposed originally by Sapir as a family comprising the Uto-Aztecan and the Kiowa-Tanoan languages—(the Tewa and Kiowa languages). Maya epigraphy In a series of published and unpublished studies in the 1930s, Whorf argued that Mayan writing was to some extent phonetic. While his work on deciphering the Maya script gained some support from Alfred Tozzer at Harvard, the main authority on Ancient Maya culture, J. E. S. Thompson, strongly rejected Whorf's ideas, saying that Mayan writing lacked a phonetic component and is therefore impossible to decipher based on a linguistic analysis. Whorf argued that it was exactly the reluctance to apply linguistic analysis of Maya languages that had held the decipherment back. Whorf sought for cues to phonetic values within the elements of the specific signs, and never realized that the system was logo-syllabic. Although Whorf's approach to understanding the Maya script is now known to have been misguided, his central claim that the script was phonetic and should be deciphered as such was vindicated by Yuri Knorozov's syllabic decipherment of Mayan writing in the 1950s. Notes Commentary notes	Benjamin Lee Whorf
Frederick Henry Piesse, CMG (6 December 185329 June 1912) was a farmer, businessman and politician who is credited with much of the early development of the region around Katanning, Western Australia. Piesse was born at Northam, Western Australia, on 6 December 1853. The son of policeman and magistrate William Roper Piesse and Elizabeth Ellen née Oxley, among his brothers were Alfred, Arnold and Charles Piesse, all of whom followed Frederick into politics. Piesse was educated at state schools at Guildford and Northam, and began his working life at the Northam general store. Later he went pearl fishing at Shark Bay between 1872 and 1875. He was postmaster and telegraphist at Williams between 1875 and 1880. On 18 October 1877 he married Mary Jane Elizabeth Chipper, with whom he had four sons and a daughter. In 1880, Piesse partnered with his brother Charles to launch the general produce firm of F. & C. Piesse at Williams. He set up a portable store in 1886, and followed the progress of the Great Southern Railway, finishing up at Katanning. He then bought agricultural land near the railway and in 1891 built a flour mill in Katanning. He established a wine industry, making wines that won awards in Perth, London and Paris. An 1892 newspaper article described in detail a orchard Piesse had created near to the township of Katanning which contained 2300 trees. From 1880 onwards, Piesse became increasingly involved in public affairs. He was a member of the Williams Road Board from 1880 to 1889, and its chairman from 1886. In 1889 he became a Justice of the Peace, and from 1889 to 1896 he was on the Katanning Road Board. From January 1894 to June 1896 he was also a member of the Board of Agriculture. At the 1890 election, Piesse was elected to the Western Australian Legislative Assembly seat of Williams, becoming a member of the first Parliament of Western Australia under responsible government. From 1 April 1896 to 23 August 1900, he was Commissioner for Railways and Director of Public Works in the Forrest Ministry. He was a Western Australian delegate to the Federal Convention of 1897, and for a period in 1900 he was Acting Premier of Western Australia. During George Leake's first premiership from June to November 1901, Piesse was Leader of the Opposition. In the 1904 election, Piesse stood for and won the new seat of Katanning. He held the seat until his resignation on 26 October 1909. For his last four years in parliament he was Father of the House. Piesse was made a CMG in 1907. He died at Katanning on , and was buried in Katanning Cemetery. A son, Harold, was a member of the Western Australian Legislative Council, while a nephew, Edmund Piesse was a Senator for Western Australia.	Frederick Henry Piesse
Veronica americana, variously called American brooklime or American speedwell, is a plant native to temperate and arctic Asia and North America where it grows in streams and bottomlands. It is a herbaceous perennial with glabrous stems 10–100 cm long that bear terminal or axillary racemes or spikes of soft violet flowers. The leaves are 1.5–8 cm long and 3 to 20 times as long as wide, short-petiolate, glabrous, serrate to almost entire. The plant can be confused with Scutellaria (skullcap) and other members of the mint family. Members of the mint family have square sided stems, and Veronica species have rounded stems. Uses American speedwell is used both as food and as a medicinal plant. It is rich in nutrients and is reported to have a flavor similar to that of watercress. As long as the water source is not contaminated, the entire plant (sans roots) can be eaten raw.	Veronica americana
The 50th Writers Guild of America Awards, given on 21 February 1998, honored the best writers in film and television of 1997. Film Best Adapted Screenplay L.A. Confidential – Curtis Hanson and Brian Helgeland Donnie Brasco – Paul Attanasio The Ice Storm – James Schamus Wag the Dog – Hilary Henkin and David Mamet The Wings of the Dove – Hossein Amini Best Original Screenplay As Good as It Gets – Mark Andrus and James L. Brooks Boogie Nights – Paul Thomas Anderson The Full Monty – Simon Beaufoy Good Will Hunting – Matt Damon and Ben Affleck Titanic – James Cameron Television Best Episodic Drama "Entrapment" - Law & Order - Rene Balcer and Richard Sweren "Whose Appy Now?" - ER - Neal Baer "Deadbeat" - Law & Order - Ed Zuckerman and I. C. Rapoport Best Episodic Comedy "The Fatigues" - Seinfeld - Gregg Kavet and Andy Robin "The Puppy Episode" - Ellen - Mark Driscoll, Dana Savel, Tracey Newman, Jonathan Stark and Ellen DeGeneres "The Impossible Dream" - Frasier - Rob Greenberg "The Chicken Roaster" - Seinfeld - Alec Berg and Jeff Schaffer "The Bizarro Jerry" - Seinfeld - David Mandel "Ellen, Or Isn't She?" - The Larry Sanders Show - Judd Apatow, John Markus and Garry Shandling "The Book" - The Larry Sanders Show - Maya Forbes 1997 Daytime Serials Winner- General Hospital: Claire Labine; Matthew Labine; Robert Guza, Jr.; Karen Harris; Michele Val Jean; Meg Bennett; Ralph Ellis; Mary Ryan; Jane Atkins; Stephanie Braxton; Judith Pinsker; Lynda Myles; Elizabeth Korte; Patrick Mulcahey; Lisa Lieberman Other Nominees: All My Children: Agnes Nixon; Lorraine Broderick; Hal Corley; Fredrick Johnson; Gail Lawrence; Jeff Beldner; Christina Covino; Courtney Sherman; Millee Taggart; Karen Lewis; Elizabeth Smith; Michelle Patrick; Bettina F. Bradbury; Judith Donato; Kathleen Klein; Jane Owen Murphy	50th Writers Guild of America Awards
The Committee of Postgraduate Dental Deans and Directors, according to its website comprises the Postgraduate Dental Deans and Directors in the English Deaneries, together with their three colleagues for Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. "The Postgraduate Dental Deans and Directors are charged with managing Postgraduate Education for Dentists in their Deanery. At present they manage Dental Vocational Training, Hospital Training for the Dental Specialities (as well as Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery) and Continuing Professional Development for all dentists within the framework of the NHS budgets provided for these purposes. In addition, they have a supportive role in returning and retraining dentists (including overseas dentists, refugees and asylum seekers) and poorly performing dentists. Postgraduate Dental Deans and Directors are also going to be responsible for the post-qualification education and training of Professionals Complementary to Dentistry".	UK Committee of Postgraduate Dental Deans and Directors
Annastasia Batikis [Stash] (March 15, 1927 – March 12, 2016) was a center fielder who played for the Racine Belles of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League during the season. Listed at , 125 lb., she batted and threw left-handed. Career Born in Kaukauna, Wisconsin to Greek-American parents, Batikis was one of three descendants of Greek migrants to play in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League, being the others Kay Lionikas and Vickie Panos. She had two brothers – Alex (who served in the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946) and John. She was first intrigued with playing baseball as a young girl in third grade while watching men play baseball on the playgrounds. When she got older she joined the Recreation Department League and played softball. She and her high school friends would go out to games where the Racine Belles played and watch in awe the women who played so well. At 18 years of age and in her senior year in high school, Batikis tried out at the Historic Horlick Field where the Belles played and made the cut. She was then sent to spring training in Chicago, where she got a contract with the Racine team of her home town. At that time only one other woman in the league played for her home town. She believed that playing ball gave her the opportunity to travel, meet all kinds of neat people - helped with self-confidence. Batikis played for one season because she left the following year to attend college at La Crosse, Wisconsin. She appeared in five games and went hitless in 11 at-bat opportunities. After her career as a professional baseball player ended, Batikis went on to get a teaching position, working in the educational department for 35 years. She did a significant amount of volunteer work for clubs, churches, ballteams, civic groups to give talks about the League she played in. She also attended Northwestern University. The AAGPBL folded in 1954, but there is now a permanent display at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum at Cooperstown, New York since November 5, that honors those who were part of this unique experience. Batikis, along with the rest of the league's girls, is now enshrined in the Hall. In 2002, Batikis was added to Milwaukees Walls of Honor, which salutes Wisconsin's baseball history greats. She is also in the Hall of Fame at her old college University of Wisconsin–LaCrosse for being a pioneer for women in professional baseball. In addition, she was inducted into the Hall of Fame at the Washington Park Hall High School in 1987, joining her brother John, who was inducted in 1976. See also List of Greek Americans Sources All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Record Book – W. C. Madden. Publisher: McFarland & Company. Format: Paperback, 294pp. Language: English.	Annastasia Batikis
Matthew Allan Kemp (born 8 August 1980) is an Australian footballer who plays for Adelaide Raiders. Kemp announced his retirement from the A-League in May 2012. He made 79 appearances for Melbourne Victory, his last being against Greek giants Olympiacos. Club career Kemp was signed by the AIS in 1998 but transferred the next season to Adelaide City who were then part of the now defunct NSL. After playing a season there he was signed by Italian side SPAL 1907. The next season, he moved back to Australia where he returned to play for Adelaide City, before being signed by Adelaide United. He played for Adelaide in the A-League's first two seasons. It was announced on 11 April 2007 that he had signed a two-year contract with Melbourne Victory. During his first season Kemp was much-maligned by the supporters, but soon proved his worth as a valuable defender. He was the Victory's standout player during their 2008 Asian Champions League campaign where he benefited from his experience the year before in the same competition with Adelaide. During the 09/10 Season Kemp has proved his worth to the Victory in attack as well as defence playing in wide and sometimes central midfield. He scored his first goal for the club in a match against the Central Coast Mariners in early 2010 and followed up with a goal coming off the bench against Wellington on Australia Day a few weeks later. In the match against North Queensland Fury at Etihad Stadium on 5 February 2010, Kemp badly injured his knee when his leg buckled while challenging for the ball. Despite a valiant attempt to continue playing, Kemp succumbed to the pain and was stretchered off. Matthew Kemp had announced his retirement from the A-League on 21 May 2012, aged just 31, stating that injuries were not a factor in his decision. "I’d like to thank the club for those opportunities and wish them all the best in the future", Kemp said. He said that he could have continued playing, but his decision was more based on the future. He felt it was time to look ahead and retrain in areas that would provide future professional opportunities and give him a chance to spend more time with his family. He also ruled out returning to his hometown of Canberra, choosing instead to play at West Adelaide SC and was the best player on the team with 132 goals. International career Kemp got his first senior international cap for the Socceroos on 7 January 2010 in an AFC Asian Cup qualifying match versus Kuwait at the Al Kuwait Sports Club Stadium in Kuwait City. Honours With Melbourne Victory: A-League Championship: 2008–2009 A-League Premiership: 2008–2009 With Adelaide United: A-League Premiership: 2005–2006 Personal honours: Melbourne Victory Clubman of the Year: 2009–2010	Matthew Kemp (soccer)
Gerard Kelly (; born 5 April 1953) is an Irish republican politician and former Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) volunteer who played a leading role in the negotiations that led to the Good Friday Agreement on 10 April 1998. He is currently a member of Sinn Féin's Ard Chomhairle (National Executive) and a Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly (MLA) for North Belfast. Old Bailey attack The IRA planted four car bombs in London on 8 March 1973. Two of the car bombs were defused: a fertilizer bomb in a car outside the Post Office in Broadway and the BBC's armed forces radio studio in Dean Stanley Street. However, the other two exploded, one near the Old Bailey and the other at Ministry of Agriculture off Whitehall. As a result of the explosions one person died and almost 200 people were injured. Kelly, then aged 19, and eight others, including Hugh Feeney and sisters Marian and Dolours Price, were found guilty of various charges relating to the bombings on 14 November 1973. Kelly was convicted of causing explosions and conspiracy to cause explosions, and received two life sentences plus twenty years. Imprisonment and hunger strike Upon imprisonment in Britain, Kelly, and the other prisoners went on hunger strike demanding political prisoner status and to be transferred to prisons in Northern Ireland. After 60 days on hunger strike, during which he subsequently alleged he was force-fed by prison officers, Kelly was transferred to HMP Maze prison in Northern Ireland in April 1975. While imprisoned in the Maze, Kelly again went on protest and made a number of escape attempts in 1977, 1982 and 1983. On 25 September 1983, Kelly was involved in the Maze Prison escape, the largest break-out of prisoners in Europe since World War II and in UK prison history. Kelly, along with 37 other republican prisoners, armed with six hand-guns, hijacked a prison meals lorry and smashed their way out of the Maze past 40 prison officers and 28 alarm systems. During the escape Kelly shot a prison officer, who attempted to foil the escape, in the head with a gun that had been smuggled into the jail. The officer survived. After the mass break-out Kelly was on the run for three years and again became involved in IRA activity in Europe. Whilst on the run Kelly claimed he was aided in his escape by "all kinds of people", including prominent Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael supporters in the Republic of Ireland. On 16 January 1986, Kelly was arrested in the Netherlands along with Brendan "Bik" McFarlane at their flat in Amsterdam. At the time of their arrest, cash in several currencies, maps and fake passports and the keys to a storage container holding 14 rifles, 100,000 rounds of ammunition and nitrobenzene were recovered by the Dutch police. On 4 December 1986, the pair were extradited from the Netherlands to the United Kingdom by RAF helicopter and were returned to the Maze prison. On 2 June 1989 Kelly was released in line with the extradition conditions agreed on with the Dutch authorities. Political career Upon leaving prison, Kelly became actively involved in politics, becoming a leading member of Sinn Féin. Kelly and fellow Sinn Féin member Martin McGuinness both engaged in protracted secret negotiations with representatives of the British Government from 1990 until 1993. Kelly also published a collection of poetry, Words from a Cell, in 1989. Kelly played a role in the Northern Ireland peace process negotiations that led to the Good Friday Agreement on 10 April 1998. In promoting the peace process he had talks with Nelson Mandela, Thabo Mbeki, Bill Clinton, Tony Blair and Bertie Ahern. On 27 June 1998, he was elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly. He was Deputy Chair of the Social Development Committee in the 1998-2003 Assembly, and is currently Sinn Féin Spokesperson for Policing and Justice, and a political member of the Northern Ireland Policing Board. In 2013, aged 60, Kelly was criticised by other MLAs (Members of the Legislative Assembly) in Northern Ireland, for holding on to the front of a Police Service of Northern Ireland vehicle, as it drove away with him during a protest in his constituency. Kelly was a Sinn Féin representative during the talks chaired by Richard Haass in 2013 on contentious issues in Northern Ireland. Cultural references In the 2017 film Maze dramatising the 1983 prison break, directed by Stephen Burke, Kelly was portrayed by Irish actor Patrick Buchanan.	Gerry Kelly
Claudia Emerson (January 13, 1957 – December 4, 2014) was an American poet. She won the 2006 Pulitzer Prize for her poetry collection Late Wife, and was named the Poet Laureate of Virginia by Governor Tim Kaine in 2008. Early life Emerson was born on January 13, 1957, in Chatham, Virginia, and graduated from Chatham Hall preparatory school in 1975. She received her BA in English from the University of Virginia in 1979 and her Master of Fine Arts in creative writing at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro in 1991. Career Emerson published eight poetry collections through Louisiana State University Press's Southern Messenger Poets series: Pharaoh, Pharaoh (1997), Pinion: An Elegy (2002), Late Wife (2005), Figure Studies: Poems (2008), Secure the Shadow (2012), Impossible Bottle (2015), The Opposite House (2015) and Claude before Time and Space (2018). Three collections were published posthumously, The Opposite House (March 2015), Impossible Bottle (September 2015) and Claude before Time and Space (February 2018). In addition to her collections, Emerson's work has been included in such anthologies as Yellow Shoe Poets, The Made Thing, Strongly Spent: 50 Years of Shenandoah Poetry, and Common Wealth: Contemporary Poets of Virginia. Emerson served as poetry editor for the Greensboro Review and a contributing editor for the literary magazine Shenandoah. In 2002, Emerson was Guest Editor of Visions-International (published by Black Buzzard Press). On August 26, 2008, she was appointed Poet Laureate of Virginia, by then Governor Timothy M. Kaine and served until 2010. In 2008, she returned to Chatham Hall to serve as The Siragusa Foundation's Poet-in-Residence. She taught at several colleges including Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia and Randolph-Macon College in Ashland, Virginia. She spent over a decade at the University of Mary Washington, in Fredericksburg, Virginia, as an English professor and the Arrington Distinguished Chair in Poetry. In 2013, Emerson joined the creative writing faculty at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia, where she taught until her death in 2014 from colon cancer at age 57. Personal life Emerson married musician Kent Ippolito in 2000. The couple lived in Richmond, Virginia, and performed and wrote songs together. After missing most of the Fall 2014 semester while seeking cancer treatments, Claudia Emerson died on December 4, 2014, in Richmond at the age of 57 from complications associated with colon cancer. Awards and honors The Association of Writers and Writing Programs Intro Award, 1991 Academy of American Poets Prize, 1991 National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship, 1994 (As Claudia Emerson Andrews) Virginia Commission for the Arts Individual Artist Fellowship, 1995 and 2002 University of Mary Washington Alumni Association Outstanding Young Faculty Award, 2003 Erskine J. Poetry Prize, 2004 for "Second Bearing, 1919" Witter Bynner Fellowship from Library of Congress, 2005 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, 2006 Poet Laureate of Virginia, 2008–2010 Library of Virginia, Virginia Women in History, 2009 Fellowship of Southern Writers, Inaugural Winner, Donald Justice Award for Poetry, 2009 Guggenheim Fellowship, 2011 Elected to Membership, Fellowship of Southern Writers, 2011	Claudia Emerson
Retrospectacle – The Supertramp Anthology is the first comprehensive compilation album by the English rock band Supertramp, released in October 2005. Overview As Supertramp's first career retrospective, Retrospectacle contains a compilation of the most popular songs, live tracks and favourite album tracks from all of their albums from Supertramp to Slow Motion, including the live albums Paris and It Was the Best of Times. It was released as either a single disc or a double album. Also, Retrospectacle marks the first appearance on an album of the single "Land Ho" and its B-side "Summer Romance". The version of "Land Ho" used on the compilation is the 1975 remix which the band intended to use on Crisis? What Crisis? but left off at the last minute, while "Summer Romance" is the original mix from the single. "Land Ho" was later rerecorded by Roger Hodgson for his 1987 solo album Hai Hai (with new lyrics). Classic Rock ranked Retrospectacle the 12th greatest compilation album of 2005. Track listing All songs are written by Rick Davies and Roger Hodgson, except where noted. Single Disc Edition Two Disc Edition Disc one Disc two Production Compilation producers: Rick Davies, Bill Levenson Producers: Supertramp, Ken Scott, Peter Henderson, Jay Messina, Jack Douglas, David Kershenbaum and Rick Davies. Mastering: Greg Calbi, Jay Messina Art Direction: Richard Frankel, Vartan. Cover Art: Bruno Budrovic Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications	Retrospectacle – The Supertramp Anthology
The , established in 1929, is an award presented by the Japanese newspaper Asahi Shimbun and Asahi Shimbun Foundation to honor individuals and groups that have made outstanding accomplishments in the fields of arts and academics and have greatly contributed to the development and progress of Japanese culture and society at large. The Asahi Prize was created to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the foundation of Asahi Shimbun. It is recognized today as one of the most authoritative private awards. Prize winners Past prize winners include the following. Arts Tsubouchi Shōyō, novelist, 1929 Taikan Yokoyama, artist, 1933 Jigoro Kano, founder of judo, 1935 Shimazaki Toson, novelist, 1935 Ryōhei Koiso, painter, 1939 Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, novelist, 1948 NHK Symphony Orchestra, 1951 Mashiho Chiri, 1954 Eiji Yoshikawa, novelist, 1955 Shikō Munakata, artist, 1964 Jirō Osaragi, writer, 1964 Akira Kurosawa, film director, 1965 Haruko Sugimura, actress, 1968 Ryōtarō Shiba, novelist, 1982 Ineko Sata, writer, 1983 Yasushi Inoue, novelist, 1984 Seiji Ozawa, conductor, 1985 Osamu Tezuka, manga artist, 1987 Migishi Setsuko, artist, 1989 Seichō Matsumoto, novelist, 1989 Shuhei Fujisawa, novelist, 1993 Tadao Ando, architect, 1994 (1996 Praemium Imperiale winner) (1997 Royal Gold Medal winner) Kenzaburō Ōe, novelist, 1994 (1994 Nobel Prize in Literature) Shuntaro Tanikawa, poet, 1995 Yoji Yamada, film director, 1996 Donald Keene, writer, 1997 Yayoi Kusama, artist, 2000 (2006 Praemium Imperiale winner) Hayao Miyazaki, film director, 2001 (2002 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature winner) Ai Nagai, playwright, 2005 Haruki Murakami, novelist, 2006 Shigeru Mizuki, manga artist, 2008 Tadanori Yokoo, artist, 2011 Takarazuka Revue, 2013 Tatsuya Nakadai, actor, 2013 Shigeru Ban, architect, 2014 Taichi Yamada, screenwriter, 2014 Tōta Kaneko, poet 2015 Kazushi Ono, conductor 2015 Moto Hagio, manga artist, 2016 Jakucho Setouchi novelist, 2017 Yoko Tawada, writer, 2019 Haruomi Hosono. bass player, 2020 Daidō Moriyama, photographer, 2020 Machi Tawara, poet, 2021 Science Yoshio Nishina, physicist, 1944 Shinichiro Tomonaga, physicist, 1946 (1965 Nobel Prize in Physics) Shoichi Sakata, physicist, 1948 Tomizo Yoshida, pathologist, 1951 Kiyoshi Oka, mathematician, 1953 Leo Esaki, physicist, 1959 (1973 Nobel Prize in Physics) Osamu Hayaishi, biochemist, 1964 (1986 Wolf Prize in Medicine) Yoshimasa Hirata, chemist, 1965 Chushiro Hayashi, astrophysicist, 1965 Heisuke Hironaka, mathematician, 1967 (1970 Fields Medal) Setsuro Ebashi, biomedical scientist, 1968 (1999 International Prize for Biology) Reiji Okazaki, molecular biologist, 1970 Kimishige Ishizaka, immunologist, 1973 Kiyoshi Itô, mathematician, 1977 (2006 Gauss Prize) Susumu Tonegawa, molecular biologist, 1981 (1987 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine) Tasuku Honjo, immunologist, 1981 (2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine) Hidesaburo Hanafusa, virologist, 1983 Masaki Watanabe, orthopedic surgeon, 1983 Yasutomi Nishizuka, biochemist, 1985 (1994 Wolf Prize in Medicine) Motoo Kimura, biologist, 1986 (1992 Darwin Medal) Kamiokande Project Team (Leader: Masatoshi Koshiba), 1987 (2002 Nobel Prize in Physics) Masaki Kashiwara / Takahiro Kawai, mathematician, 1987 Hirotsugu Akaike, statistician, 1988 Tadamitsu Kishimoto, immunologist, 1988 (2009 Crafoord Prize) Tadatsugu Taniguchi, immunologist, 1988 Tomisaku Kawasaki, pediatrician, 1989 Masato Sagawa, Metallurgist, 1990 (2012 Japan Prize) Goro Shimura, mathematician, 1991 Ryoji Noyori, chemist, 1992 (2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry) Masatoshi Takeichi, biologist, 1993 Makoto Kobayashi, physicist, 1994 (2008 Nobel Prize in Physics) Toshihide Masukawa, physicist, 1994 (2008 Nobel Prize in Physics) Nobutaka Hirokawa, neuroscientist, 1995 Syukuro Manabe, meteorologist, 1995 (2021 Nobel Prize in Physics) Sumio Iijima, physicist, 1996 Shigekazu Nagata, molecular biologist, 1997 Super Kamiokande Project Team (Leader: Yoji Totsuka), 1998 Toshio Yanagida, biophysicist, 1998 Seiji Ogawa, physicist, 1999 Shuji Nakamura, material scientist, 2000 (2014 Nobel Prize in Physics) Isamu Akasaki, material scientist, 2000 (2014 Nobel Prize in Physics) Shizuo Akira, immunologist, 2005 Takao Kondo, biologist, 2006 Osamu Shimomura, chemist, 2006 (2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry) Shinya Yamanaka, biomedical scientist, 2007 (2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine) Yoshinori Ohsumi, biologist, 2008 (2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine) Hayabusa Mission (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), 2010 Kenji Kosaka, psychiatrist, 2013 Kazutoshi Mori, molecular biologist, 2013 (2014 Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research) Hiroaki Mitsuya, virologist, 2014 Satoshi Ōmura, biochemist, 2014 (2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine) Hiraku Nakajima, mathematician, 2016 Jaw-Shen Tsai, Taiwanese physicist, 2020 Takurō Mochizuki, mathematician, 2020 (2022 Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics) Keiko Torii, plant scientist, 2021	Asahi Prize
Rayagada is a municipality in Rayagada district in the Indian state of Odisha. It is the administrative headquarters of Rayagada district. History The city of Rayagada was founded by King Vishwanath Dev Gajapati (1527-1531 CE) of the Suryavansh dynasty of Nandapur Kingdom. It served as the capital of an extensive dominion that stretched from the confines of Bengal to Telangana in the south and was a great center of trade and commerce in the coastal regions of the country. There was also a fort constructed by the king and a row of shrines built along the river Nagavali including the temple of Majhighariani Temple who was considered the guardian deity of the place. Until 1947, the city was in the domains of the Jeypore Maharajahs. Demographics India census, Rayagada had a population of 57,732. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. In Rayagada, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. The population of Rayagada town as per 2011 census is 71,208 out of which male population is 36,036 and female population is 35,172.Rayagada has an average literacy rate of 64%, lower than the national average of 74.4%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 56% Notable people Purnachandra Bidika, the gold medalist in Asian Power lifting Championship Varun Sandesh, an actor in Tollywood films Ritesh Agarwal, the current CEO and the founder of Oyo rooms Politics Current MLA from Rayagada(ST) assembly constituency is Shri Makaranda Muduli(Independent). Previous MLA from Rayagada (ST) Assembly Constituency is Shri Lal Bihari Himrika of Biju Janata Dal, who won the seat in State elections in 2009 Lalbihari Himirika of BJD had won this seat in 2000. After serving as deputy speaker of Odisha assembly, he was serving as a cabinet minister for SC and ST development minister. Rayagada is part of Koraput (Lok Sabha constituency). Shri Jayram Pangi (Biju Janta Dal) won the general election 2009 defeating Dr. Giridhar Gomango (INC) who represented this constituency 9 times. Jhina Hikaka who won in 2014 elections. Current MP is Shri Saptagiri Sankar Ulaka from INC. Currently N. Bhaskar Rao has been elected to Rajya Sabha from Rayagada.	Rayagada
is an American-Japanese video game development studio. The company was founded in 2004 by Hironobu Sakaguchi, best known for creating the Final Fantasy series. The company has created both game franchises such as Blue Dragon and Terra Battle, and standalone titles including Lost Odyssey (2007) and The Last Story (2011). With the financial problems caused by Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within, and his growing dissatisfaction with management, Sakaguchi decided that he wanted to make games outside Square. Mistwalker's first two titles were Xbox 360 RPGs; Blue Dragon (2006) and Lost Odyssey. Following The Last Story for Wii, Sakaguchi and Mistwalker changed to focus on in-house mobile titles. The original Terra Battle saw widespread success and acclaim, leading to further mobile projects. Mistwalker has been described by Sakaguchi as a collective of artists that oversee projects, with its independent small-scale structure setting it apart from most other Japanese game studios. Sakaguchi has commented that his aim with Mistwalker was to create innovative game titles regardless of platform, rather than staying with home consoles or mobile platforms alone. During its first years, Mistwalker co-developed console titles with other developers including Artoon, Feelplus, and tri-Crescendo. They would also work with Cavia on the cancelled Cry On. Recurring individual collaborators include composer Nobuo Uematsu, and artists Kimihiko Fujisaka and Manabu Kusunoki. Origins Mistwalker was founded in Honolulu, Hawaii by Hironobu Sakaguchi, who had worked at Square since its formation in 1983. He notably conceived and helped develop the role-playing video game Final Fantasy, which saved the company's finances at the time and began a franchise of the same name. Sakaguchi lost prominence within Square with Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within, a CGI movie based on the Final Fantasy property that he directed. A highly ambitious title, it greatly exceeded its budget and was a box office bomb, which damaged Square's finances, delayed their planned merger with Enix, and prompted Sakaguchi to step away from direct involvement with future Square productions. In 2001, with Square in the red for the first time since inception, Sakaguchi resigned from his position at Square along with two other senior executives. His main reason for this was the growing administrative duties he was having to handle in his senior position, something that kept him away from game production. He signed an agreement with Square to act as executive producer for Final Fantasy games. While Sakaguchi continued to receive credits as executive producer, he described himself as "doing nothing" in Hawaii over the following three years, having been demoralized by the movie's failure. At one point, he felt guilty about his lack of contributions to the industry. Motivated to return to the game industry and create his own original properties, Sakaguchi got into contact with his friends artists Akira Toriyama and Takehiko Inoue about possibly collaborating on game projects. He left Square in 2003, with his last credit with the company being Final Fantasy X-2. Mistwalker was officially formed in July 2004, although its trademark existed as early as 2001. Mistwalker is noted as being one of a group of video game companies—alongside Sacnoth, Love-de-Lic and Monolith Soft—founded by Square staff who had worked on notable games produced during the 1990s. Some of the funds for its foundation came from Microsoft. The studio offices are based in Honolulu, Hawaii, and Tokyo, Japan. History 2004–2011 The concept work for Mistwalker's first two projects, Blue Dragon and Lost Odyssey, began prior to the formation of the company, with Sakaguchi enlisting both Toriyama and Inoue, and contacts within Microsoft. Microsoft's Xbox 360 was chosen over the PlayStation 3 due to both difficulties with third-party production and personal disagreements between Sakaguchi and Sony Computer Entertainment leader Ken Kutaragi. Mistwalker's early games for the 360 were notable due to the console's niche status in Japan. Blue Dragon, on which Toriyama collaborated, was a highly traditional RPG intended for genre fans rather than trying anything experimental on the 360, which was a niche console in Japan. For Lost Odyssey, which featured character designs by Inoue, Sakaguchi created a narrative focused on emotion and the impact of conflict through the eyes of an immortal protagonist, collaborating with novelist Kiyoshi Shigematsu on a series of visual novel stories within the game. Also announced in 2005 were two other titles being handled by Mistwalker. They were the Nintendo DS tactical RPG ASH: Archaic Sealed Heat, co-developed with Racjin and drawing from Sakaguchi's work on Final Fantasy Tactics; and the 360 action RPG Cry On co-developed with Cavia, which aimed to evoke strong emotions from players through the connection between its two leads. Blue Dragon released in 2006, It went on to spawn a media franchise that included multiple sequels, manga adaptations, and an anime television series. ASH: Archaic Sealed Heat and Lost Odyssey would release during 2007. Cry On was ultimately cancelled by publisher AQ Interactive in 2008, a decision attributed to then-current market conditions. Mistwalker led production on Away: Shuffle Dungeon for the DS, which released in 2008; Sakaguchi wrote the scenario, while the character designs were handled by Sega veteran Naoto Ohshima. Following his work on Lost Odyssey, Sakaguchi took feedback from both that game and Blue Dragon and decided to create more atypical action-based gameplay alongside continuing storyline innovation. The Last Story for Wii was originally a science fiction-themed game with a dedicated romantic plot, but through Nintendo's input, it shifted to being a fantasy-based storyline with a general theme of companionship. Releasing in 2011, The Last Story was Sakaguchi's first work as a director since Final Fantasy V (1992). 2012–present Following its console collaborations and large-scale RPGs, Sakaguchi wanted to focus on smaller-scale mobile titles it could produce mostly on its own. The choice to shift away from larger console projects was also motivated by Sakaguchi wanting to work with a small hand-picked team. Mistwalker's first solo project was Party Wave, a surfing simulation. The second released mobile title was Blade Guardian, a tower defence title created with several former Square co-workers; Sakaguchi created the game based on his liking for the genre. Party Wave was unsuccessful and prompted Sakaguchi to reevaluate his approach to mobile game development. This led to the production of Terra Battle, a small-scale RPG. Terra Battle was one of several proposals created by Sakaguchi, with one such proposal being a game featuring a ballet dancer. Terra Battle proved to be a worldwide success, prompting Sakaguchi to expand it into a larger franchise that included a direct sequel Terra Battle 2 co-developed with Silicon Studio, and a spin-off titled Terra Wars, which made use of claymation incorporated into the game. As of 2017, he was also planning out a third mainline Terra Battle title. By 2020, all three Terra Battle titles had been shut down; Terra Battle 2 and Terra Wars were closed due to mixed reactions and trouble updating them based on feedback, while Terra Battle shut down after nearly six years due to growing difficulties keeping the game's quality high. After replaying Final Fantasy VI, Sakaguchi rediscovered an earlier passion for creating emotional narratives. Production began in 2018 on Fantasian, an RPG inspired by Final Fantasy VI and developed for the Apple Arcade service. A notable element was the use of real-life dioramas scanned into the game and used for its environments. Games Structure and staff During its early days, rather than developing titles themselves, Mistwalker would oversee production. It would act as a concept studio with a staff of at most twenty people, outsourcing most of development to chosen production partners. The studio was described by Sakaguchi as a collective of elite developers similar to a Hollywood studio. This approach of a concept studio that moves freely between development partners is rare in Japan, where larger corporations and studios with sizeable teams is the norm. Many of the companies Mistwalker worked with would eventually become first subsidiaries of and then be absorbed into AQ Interactive, including Artoon, Feelplus and Cavia. A notable team member at Mistwalker from 2009 onwards was artist Kimihiko Fujisaka, known for his work on the Drakengard series. In later years, a second artist called Takatoshi Goto would contribute to titles, being described as Fujisaka's protegee. Another recurring artist is Manabu Kusunoki, known for his work on the Panzer Dragoon series. Under Artoon and later Arzest, Kusunoki contributed concept art and in-game illustrations to multiple projects. A recurring musical collaborator is composer Nobuo Uematsu, who also worked on the Final Fantasy series. Notes	Mistwalker
Voyage 34: The Complete Trip is a compilation album by British progressive rock band Porcupine Tree. The individual tracks for the album were recorded in 1992 and 1993, while the album itself was compiled and released in 2000, and then reissued again in 2004. Background The album originated from a single track, titled "Voyage 34", which was to be part of Porcupine Tree's second studio album, Up the Downstair. Originally a 30-minute track intended to be the second disc of a double album, Wilson eventually decided to release "Voyage 34" independently of the rest of the album. It was released in two parts, as singles, as "Voyage 34 (Phase 1)" and "Voyage 34 (Phase 2)" in 1992. In 1993, Voyage 34: Remixes was released, containing two remixes of the originals. "Voyage 34 (Phase 3)" was a remix by the British electronic music group Astralasia, while "Voyage 34 (Phase 4)" was a remix by Wilson himself, along with future band member Richard Barbieri. A voice sample of Dead Can Dance's song "As the Bell Rings the Maypole Spins" is repeated throughout all four tracks as well as a synth effect sampled from Van der Graaf Generator's song "A Plague of Lighthouse Keepers". Voyage 34: The Complete Trip compiles all four "phases" onto one album. The cover art is inspired in Timothy Leary's record L.S.D (1966) cover. Concept Voyage 34 is a concept album, where the LSD trip of a young man called Brian is told with spoken words. Musically it is a fusion of progressive rock, psychedelic rock and trance music. During a 2002 interview before the release of In Absentia, Steven Wilson said the following about the release of Voyage 34 after being asked why the band released a 30-minute single: "It was an anti-single. It was a thirty-minute single about drugs and it had no vocals in it. I thought that no one is going to play this. But it charted anyway. It was the ultimate 'fuck you'. We have released four-minute singles since then. But for Porcupine Tree to release a single is like an oxymoron. It's very difficult to take out a four-minute chunk from an album and say 'Here we are. This totally encapsulates everything Porcupine Tree are about.' It's never been satisfactory to me to release a single. If you know the group, you know that one minute we go from extreme metal riffing to ambient texture, the next minute we'll have a pop hook, and the next minute we'll have some avant-garde sample. All of these things are part of the album. How do you take a chunk of that? To me it's totally unrepresentative." Wilson said of Voyage 34 in 2012: The whole point about Voyage 34 was an exercise in genre. In that sense it stands apart from the rest of the catalogue...back in the early Nineties, there was an explosion in ambient music, a fusion of electronic music and techno music with the philosophy of people like Brian Eno and Tangerine Dream. I thought there was an interesting opportunity to do something that would bring progressive rock and psychedelia into that mixture. I wouldn't say Voyage 34 was a technical exercise, that makes it sound like a science project, but it was a one-off experiment in a particular genre in which I knew I wouldn't be staying for very long. I was given a tape of a guy having a bad trip in the Sixties. It was an anti-LSD propaganda album and it was perfect to form a narrative around which I could form this long, hypnotic, trippy piece of music. And that was Voyage 34. Even at the time, I think that sort of music was already passing. Music that is too attached to a trend very soon starts to sound very dated. I was always interested in existing outside the bubble of whatever was hip, and that kind of music was very briefly hip. Voyage 34 sits inside that bubble. I'm still very proud of it. It was a unique piece of music, but of all the catalogue, it's one of the pieces which relates most closely to the era that it was created in. Track listing "Phase I" – 12:55 "Phase II" – 17:31 "Phase III" – 19:29 "Phase IV" - 19:47 When the tracks were compiled for CD in 2000, the length of Phase IV was cut to 13:42; there is about five minutes of silence after this on the 2004 reissue, followed by a 2-minute hidden track, taking its duration to 20:44. A recent 2017 CD reissue reinstates the original length of 19:47.	Voyage 34: The Complete Trip
Kwong Sue Duk, also known as Kwong See Tek, () (4 September 1853 – 17 February 1929) was a Chinese Australian herbalist, merchant, and miner. Early life Kwong Sue Duk was born in Guangdong Province, China, in 1853. In his teens, he travelled to the Californian gold rush where he made a modest fortune mining for gold. He returned home to Toishan, China, and embarked on an education in Traditional Chinese medicine. Immigration to Australia In 1874, Kwong Sue Duk married his first of four wives, Gee An Gow. In 1875, after the birth of his first son, Kwong Kong Sing, Kwong settled in Cooktown, Queensland, Australia, gateway to the Far North Queensland gold rushes. Career In 1882, Kwong returned from China to settle in Southport, Northern Territory. Operating under his business name, Sun Mow Loong, he eventually established a successful general trade store and real estate enterprise. He was well respected and influential amongst the Chinese and European communities and was consulted over many matters concerning the Chinese. In 1884, Kwong Sue Duk married his second of four wives, Chun Ngor Gwei, and obtained his naturalisation certificate in Australia. In 1885, Kwong Sue Duk moved to Palmerston (early Darwin) and in March 1887 he met and married his third of four wives, Yuen Yuk Lau. In 1888, he built the famous Sue Wah Chin Building, originally known as Stone House. In 1889 he returned to China and brought out his first wife and three children to Palmerston. In 1897, a tropical cyclone damaged much of Palmerston, including Kwong's group of rental properties. His first wife had difficulty adjusting to the harsh conditions, and in 1898 he travelled with her to China where she chose to remain with her four children. In 1899, Kwong met and married his fourth wife, Wong Kwei Far, and returned with her to Palmerston. However, the damage of the cyclone and the generally depressed state of the Northern Territory economy left Kwong in a poor financial situation. He became a citizen in 1889. In 1902 the family set up a store and business in Cairns, Queensland where he sold mostly Chinese goods. In the back of the store he had an office where he dispensed Chinese herbal remedies. In 1910 he returned from Hong Kong to settle in Townsville, Queensland, and in 1913 most of the family followed. Kwong established another successful Chinese herbal medicine practice in Little Flinders Street. In 1917, Kwong made another major move to Melbourne, Victoria (Australia). He continued his herbal medicine practice in Melbourne and country Victoria, including the townships of Ballarat and Bendigo. Later life In 1927, he retired to Townsville where he continued with his herbal medicine practice until he died at the age of 76 on 17 February 1929. Over his lifetime, Kwong Sue Duk fathered 22 children and adopted two children with his four wives. As of 2006, over 800 descendants in eleven countries trace their lineage from Kwong Sue Duk. Kylie Kwong is his great-granddaughter. Melbourne-based composer Adam Yee his great-grandson. The Kwong Sue Duk Foundation arranges regular family reunions. Daniel Cheong is his great-great-grandson, son of Brett 'Boss' Cheong. See also Kwong family name. Kylie Kwong, great-granddaughter. References and external links The History of Chinese Business In Queensland - Chronological Overview a digitised timeline featuring the main events that happened in China and during the life of Kwong Sue Duk. By Rutian Mi, 2019 Queensland Business Leaders Hall of Fame Fellow. The History of the Chinese Business history of Queensland blog post by Rutian Mi, 2019 Queensland Business Leaders Hall of Fame Fellow. Kwong Sue Duk: a man of family, (Narrator Rosalie Hiah; written and directed by Warren Lee Long; Editor, Ron Donnelly, c1996) digitised video available online at State Library of Queensland. Chinese History of Australian Federation entry on Kwong Sue Duk, by Rosalie Hiah, Kwong Sue Duk Foundation (June 2001). Papers of Kwong Sue Duk in the National Archives of Australia. Images of Kwong Sue Duk and his family in the Chinese-Australian Historical Images in Australia database. Kylie Kwong and other descendants of the Kwong family interviewed by George Negus for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's George Negus Tonight profiles. Senator Tchen's memorial to Ida Lee, youngest daughter to Kwong Sue Duk in Hansard, 24 September 2002 [long PDF, search for Kwong Sue Duk].	Kwong Sue Duk
John Lang may refer to: Sportspeople John Lang (footballer, born 1881) (1881–1934), Scottish footballer John Lang (footballer, born 1908), Scottish footballer John Lang (Australian rugby league) (born 1950), Australian rugby league player and coach John Lang (New Zealand rugby league) (1896–1971), New Zealand rugby league player Musicians John Lang (American musician) (born 1952), lyric writer for Mr. Mister and member of the band Djinn John Lang (Rough Trade), Canadian musician with the band Rough Trade Jonny Lang (born 1981), American blues and gospel musician Others John Dunmore Lang (1799–1878), Presbyterian clergyman and early advocate of Australian republicanism John Lang (Canadian politician) (1839–1921), former member of the Canadian House of Commons Johnny Lang, historic Joshua Tree National Park cattle rancher and mining operator John Lang (priest) (1927–2012), Anglican Dean of Lichfield John Lang (sailor) (1794–?), sailor in the United States Navy John Lang (writer) (1816–1864), said to be the first Australian-born novelist John H. Lang (1899–1970), American who served with the Canadian Army and the United States Navy Sir John Lang (1896–1984), British civil servant John Lang (1972-Now), French writer, autor of the Dungeon of Naheulbeuk See also Jack Lang (disambiguation) John Lange (disambiguation) John Laing (disambiguation)	John Lang
HD 90264 is a binary star system in the southern constellation of Carina. It has the Bayer designation of L Carinae, while HD 90264 is the star's identifier in the Henry Draper catalogue. This system has a blue-white hue and is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.97. It is located at a distance of approximately 402 light years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of around +12 km/s. The system is a member of the Lower Centaurus Crux association of the Sco-Cen Complex. This system was found to be a close double-lined spectroscopic binary in 1977, consisting of two B-type main-sequence stars. It has a near circular orbit with a period of 15.727 days and a semimajor axis of . They appear to be spin-orbit synchronized. Both stars appear to be deficient in helium. The primary is a helium variable star while the companion is a mercury-manganese star. The variability of both stars aligns favorably with the orbital period.	HD 90264
The Chicago Council on Global Affairs is an international affairs think tank, describing itself as "a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization dedicated to increasing knowledge and engagement in global affairs and empowering more people to help shape our global future." The organization is based in the Chicago Loop at Two Prudential Plaza. History The Council was formed on February 20, 1922. Originally named The Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, the organization was established as a neutral forum for discussing foreign affairs during a period of isolationism in the United States after World War I. Adlai Stevenson served as the Council's president from 1935 to 1937. The Council launched World Spotlight in 1955, a weekly television series airing on WTTW. The series aired for about 5 years and featured Council Director Carter Davidson and guests, who discussed world events. In 1971, John E. Rielly became the Council's executive director, and in 1974, became president, serving in the leadership position until 2001. Under Rielly, the Council began releasing annual surveys of American public opinion on United States foreign policy. In September 2006, the Council changed its name from the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations to the Chicago Council on Global Affairs. Former United States NATO Ambassador Ivo Daalder became president of the Council in July 2013. In 2016 it was ranked No. 1 "Think Tank to Watch" by the University of Pennsylvania's Think Tank and Civil Societies Program. Events The Council hosts public events with international speakers, policymakers, business executives, journalists, and other experts. In 2014–15, the Council disclosed that it held more than 200 public and private programs with approximately 41,600 attendees in person and online. Notable speakers at the Council have included Eleanor Roosevelt, Margaret Thatcher, Mikhail Gorbachev, Viktor Yushchenko, Tony Blair, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, King Abdullah II, Jon Stewart, Ben Bernanke, Tim Geithner, Robert Gates, Janet Yellen, and Hillary Clinton. Several past or current United States presidents have also spoken at the Council, including Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and Barack Obama. In May 2015, the Council partnered with the Financial Times to host the Chicago Forum on Global Cities, a three-day international event exploring how global cities can address issues like education, inequality, security, and climate change. The Council also hosts an annual Global Food Security Symposium, which it says is focused on the United States government's and international community's progress on addressing the problem of food insecurity. The event has drawn speakers such as Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, and USAID administrator Rajiv Shah. Research The Chicago Council on Global Affairs conducts research on food and agriculture, global cities, economics, energy, immigration, security, public opinion, and water. Among its recent publications, the Council released reports for initiatives in global hunger and arming Ukraine. According to Rajiv Shah, the Council's 2009 report, "Renewing American Leadership in the Fight Against Global Hunger and Poverty," served as a "road map" for the U.S. government's Feed the Future. In February 2015, the Council partnered with the Brookings Institution and the Atlantic Council to produce "Preserving Ukraine's Independence, Resisting Russian Aggression: What the United States and NATO Must Do" a report urging the United States and NATO to provide lethal defensive assistance to preserve Ukraine's independence. In March 2017, the Council released a report showing that immigration accounted for a large share of the population growth in the Midwest. In Chicago and Akron, immigrants accounted for more than half of the population growth. In the metropolitan areas of Cincinnati, Milwaukee and Minneapolis, they accounted for at least a quarter of the population growth. In some Midwestern cities and towns, immigrants are staving off population decline. Funding The Chicago Council is funded through individual membership contributions, corporate memberships, and foundation grants. In the 2015 fiscal year, the Council took in $7.5 million from individuals, $7.8 million from corporations, and $2.4 million from foundations.	Chicago Council on Global Affairs
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Covington () is a Latin Church diocese in Northern Kentucky in the United States, The cathedral church of the diocese is the Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption in Covington. On July 13, 2021, Pope Francis appointed John Iffert, a priest of the Diocese of Belleville, as bishop-elect of Covington. Territory The Diocese of Covington covers 3,359 square miles (8,700 km2). It includes the city of Covington and the following Kentucky counties: Boone, Kenton, Campbell, Gallatin, Carroll, Grant, Owen, Pendleton, Harrison, Bracken, Robertson, Mason, Fleming, and Lewis. History 1785 to 1853 The first Catholic immigrants to the Kentucky area came from Maryland in 1785. By 1796, approximately 300 Catholic families were living in the new state of Kentucky. Among the early missionaries was Stephen Badin who set out on foot for Kentucky on in 1793, sent by Bishop John Carroll of the Diocese of Baltimore. For the next 14 years Badin traveled on foot, horseback and boat between widely scattered Catholic settlements in Kentucky and the Northwest Territory. For three years, Badin was the only priest in the whole of Kentucky. In 1808, Pope Pius VII erected the Diocese of Bardstown, covering Kentucky and most of the Northwest Territory. St. Mary's Church, the first Catholic church in Covington, was dedicated in 1834. In 1841, Pope Leo suppressed the Diocese of Bardstown, which by this time encompassed only Kentucky. In its place, he created the Diocese of Louisville, with jurisdiction over the entire state. 1853 to 1868 Pope Pius IX erected the Diocese of Covington on July 29, 1853, taking its territory from the Diocese of Louisville. He appointed Reverend George Carrell, the president of Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio, as its first bishop. The new diocese consisted of eastern Kentucky. Historically, the Catholic population of the diocese was composed primarily of descendants of German immigrants to Covington and Newport in the mid-19th century, who came to the United States in the wake of the German revolutions of 1848 to 1849. Much of the parish architecture in the diocese reflects this German cultural heritage. At the time of Carrell's consecration, the Diocese of Covington contained only ten churches and seven priests. He immediately commenced the erection of the Cathedral Church of St. Mary's, which opened in 1854. Carrell build numerous churches and schools in the diocese and advanced education there. He introduced into the diocese the Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis, the Sisters of Charity of Nazareth, the monks and nuns of the Order of Saint Benedict, the Sisters of the Visitation, and the Ursuline Nuns. Carrell died in 1868. 1868 to 1915 In 1869, Reverend Augustus Toebbe of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati was appointed as the second bishop of Covington by Pope Pius IX. He opened a boys' orphanage in Cold Spring in 1870, erected a hospital in Lexington in 1874, and established a diocesan seminary in 1879. He also introduced the Sisters of Notre Dame and the Sisters of the Good Shepherd into the diocese. During his 14 years as bishop, Toebbe saw the diocesan Catholic population increase to 40,000, the number of churches to 52, and the number of priests to 56. After Toebbe died in 1884, Pope Leo XIII named Monsignor Camillus Maes of the Diocese of Detroit as the next bishop of Covington. At the time of his arrival, the diocese counted a Catholic population of 38,000 people, 42 parishes, and 38 priests By the beginning of Maes' tenure as bishop, St. Mary's Cathedral had fallen into disrepair. In 1890, he purchased property in Covington to build a new cathedral To design the building, Maes hired a Detroit architect who based his plans on Notre-Dame de Paris. The cornerstone was laid in 1895. Although parts of the cathedral remained unfinished past his death, Maes dedicated the new cathedral in 1901 and opened it for services. By 1914, the diocese had a population of 60,000 Catholics served in 57 parishes, and 25 missions by 85 diocesan and religious priests. Maes died in 1915. 1915 to 1960 To replace Maes, Pope Benedict XV in 1915 named Reverend Ferdinand Brossart as the next bishop of Covington. He resigned in 1923. Pope Pius XI appointed Reverend Francis Howard that same year as bishop of Covington. During his 20-year tenure, Brossart established a strong system of Catholic grade schools and high schools for the diocese. Following the 1937 Ohio River flood, he opened all Catholic churches in Covington for relief purposes. In 1937, Pius XI elevated the Diocese of Louisville to a metropolitan archdiocese, designating the Diocese of Covington as one of its suffragans. Howard died in 1944. The next bishop of Covington was Monsignor William Mulloy of the Diocese of Fargo, named by Pope Pius XII in 1944. In addition to rural issues, Mulloy was also dedicated to civil rights. Speaking to the Catholic Committee of the South in 1951, he declared that "racial justice is a moral question" and that Catholic leaders in the Southern United States "cannot remain silent," even at the expense of being labeled with "the opprobrious accusation of being 'anti-Southern." 1960 to present After Molloy died in 1959, Pope John XXIII named Auxiliary Bishop Richard Ackerman of the Diocese of San Diego as the next bishop of Covington. He died in 1978. The next bishop of Covington was Auxiliary Bishop William Hughes of the Diocese of Youngstown, appointed by Pope John Paul II in 1979. In 1988, John Paul II erected the Diocese of Lexington, taking its territory from the Archdiocese of Louisville and the Diocese of Covington. This action established the present territory of the Diocese of Covington. During his tenure, Hughes was criticised for inviting pro-choice figures, such as US Representative Robert Drinan, S.J., and actress Marlo Thomas to speak at church-sponsored events, and for saying Mass for gays and lesbians at Chicago in 1992. Hughes retired in 1995. John Paul II in 1996 named Auxiliary Bishop Robert Muench from the Archdiocese of New Orleans as Hughes' replacement in Covington. In 2001, the pope selected Muench as the new bishop of the Diocese of Baton Rouge. The next bishop of Covington was Roger Foys of the Diocese of Steubenville, named by John Paul II in 2002. The current bishop of the Diocese of Covington is John Iffert, appointed by Pope Francis in 2021. Clergy sexual abuse Reverend Earl Bierman was arrested in December 1992 on two counts of sodomy. The complainant said that Bierman assaulted him several times when he was age 15 in July and August 1974. Two other men had also accused Bierman of assaulting them when they were minors. Bierman was arrested again in February 1993 for threatening a reporter. In May 1993, Bierman pleaded guilty to 29 counts of sexual assaults, combining cases from three counties into one. Over 60 individuals had filed complaints against him. In July 1993, Bierman was sentenced to 20 years in prison. He died in prison in 2006. In 2005, the Diocese of Covington announced that it had settled with more than 100 victims of sexual abuse by paying up to $120 million. The diocese agreed that any person who claimed to have been sexually abused by a member of the clergy or a lay employee could seek compensation, regardless of when the alleged abuse occurred. Under terms of the settlement, victims would be placed into one of four categories, depending upon the severity of their abuse. Payments would range from $5,000 to $450,000 for each victim, minus attorneys' fees. This was the largest settlement for any diocese in the United States at the time. The diocese acquired $40 million by liquidating real estate assets, including the Marydale Retreat Center in Erlanger, and other investments. The remaining $80 million was paid by its insurance carriers. Additionally, Bishop Foys vowed to meet with every victim of abuse who was willing to meet, saying,"Those harmed by these shameful, despicable deeds now need the institutional Church and, more importantly, the pastoral Church to provide as much comfort and peace as possible. Our hearts must remain open, like Christ's."In 2009, local media reported that 243 victims of clergy sexual abuse in the diocese had received an average of $254,000 each, totaling approximately $79 million. The perpetrators included 35 priests. In November 2019, it was reported that when the 2009 settlement was finalized, it totaled $90.5 million. In August 2019, Reverend David Glockner was arrested after being accused of inappropriately touching two high school girls who were volunteering in a construction project at a farm in Vanceburg. Shortly after his arrest, the diocese removed Glockner from ministry at his parish. In February 2020, the diocese cleared Glockner of any wrongdoing, and the criminal charges against him were dismissed. He was restored to ministry in Vanceburg. In July 2020, the diocese released a report on sexual abuse. It found that 59 priests and 31 other persons associated with the church had sexually abused children since at least 1950. However, it was reported in November 2019 that 92 priests and brothers who served in the diocese were accused of sexual abuse by not just the Vatican, but also by prosecutors and in civil litigation since 1959. Bishops Bishops of Covington George Aloysius Carrell (1853–1868) Augustus Toebbe (1869–1884) Camillus Paul Maes (1884–1915) Ferdinand Brossart (1915–1923) Francis William Howard (1923–1944) William Theodore Mulloy (1944–1959) Richard Henry Ackerman (1960–1978) William Anthony Hughes (1979–1995) Robert William Muench (1996–2001), appointed Bishop of Baton Rouge Roger Joseph Foys (2002–2021) John C. Iffert (2021–present) Former auxiliary bishop James Kendrick Williams (1984–1988), appointed Bishop of Lexington Statistics As of 2018, the Diocese of Covington had 83 active priests, 40 permanent deacons, 259 religious sisters, and 4religious brothers covering 48 parishes and five missions with a Catholic population of 89,035. The diocese also supported Thomas More University in Crestview Hills. In addition, the diocese also administered six medical centers under the St. Elizabeth Healthcare system. The diocese also administered 28 cemeteries. Parishes All Saints – Walton Blessed Sacrament – Fort Mitchell Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption – Covington Cristo Rey – Erlanger Divine Mercy – Bellevue (formerly Sacred Heart and Saint Anthony) Holy Cross – Latonia Holy Redeemer – Vanceburg Holy Spirit – Newport Immaculate Heart Of Mary – Burlington Mary, Queen of Heaven – Erlanger Mother of God – Covington Our Lady of Lourdes – Park Hills (latin mass parish) Saint Agnes – Fort Wright Saint Anthony – Taylor Mill Saint Augustine – Augusta Saint Augustine – Covington Saint Barbara – Erlanger Saint Benedict – Covington Saints Boniface and James – Ludlow Saint Bernard – Dayton Saint Catherine – Fort Thomas Saint Cecilia – Independence Saint Charles – Flemingsburg Saint Edward – Cynthiana Saint Francis Xavier – Falmouth Saint Henry – Elsmere Saint James – Brooksville Saint John – Carrollton Saint John – Covington Saint John the Baptist – Wilder Saint Joseph – Camp Springs Saint Joseph – Cold Spring Saint Joseph – Crescent Springs Saint Joseph – Warsaw Saint Mary of the Assumption– Alexandria Saint Matthew – Kenton Saint Patrick – Taylor Mill Saint Patrick – Maysville Saint Paul – Florence Saints Peter and Paul – California Saint Philip – Melbourne Saint Pius X – Edgewood Saint Rose of Lima – Mays Lick Saint Therese – Southgate Saint Thomas – Fort Thomas Saint Timothy – Union Saint William – Williamstown Education system The Diocese of Covington contains 39 educational institutions. They are administered either independently, by the diocesan school board, by the parish or by a religious order. As of 2018, the schools had a total enrollment of approximately 14,400 students. Higher education Thomas More University – Crestview Hills High schools Assumption Academy – Walton Bishop Brossart High School – Alexandria Covington Catholic High School – Park Hills (all boys) Covington Latin School – Covington Holy Cross District High School – Covington Newport Central Catholic High School – Newport Notre Dame Academy – Park Hills (all girls) St. Henry District High School – Erlanger St. Patrick's High School – Maysville Villa Madonna Academy – Villa Hills See also Catholic Church by country Hierarchy of the Catholic Church List of Catholic dioceses in the United States	Roman Catholic Diocese of Covington
Sue Tingley (born April 18, 1977 in Saint John, New Brunswick) is a field hockey player from Canada, who earned more than hundred international caps for the Canadian Women's National Team during her career. On national level the midfielder, a resident of Upper Cape, New Brunswick, played for the University of Alberta Pandas Team (1995-1999). She was named Most Valuable Player at the 1997 Junior World Cup Qualifier in Santiago, Chile, where Canada finished in second place. In 2002 Tingley moved to the Netherlands to play for Push in the Dutch top league, named Hoofdklasse. International senior tournaments 1997 – World Cup Qualifier, Harare, Zimbabwe (11th) 1998 – Commonwealth Games, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (not ranked) 1999 – Pan American Games, Winnipeg, Canada (3rd) 2001 – Pan American Cup, Kingston, Jamaica (3rd) 2001 – World Cup Qualifier, Amiens/Abbeville, France (10th) 2002 – Commonwealth Games, Manchester, England (7th)	Sue Tingley
Roger IV (1152–1161) was the eldest son of William I of Sicily and Margaret of Navarre. Twice in his short life he was the object of the barons' intent to replace his father as king. When he was made the duke of Apulia is unknown, probably after his father's assumption of power in 1154. In 1156, barons opposed to Maio of Bari began to consider removing not only the emir, but also the king, and putting Roger on the throne. While a minor, the barons would be free from meaningful royal control. In 1161, after the successful assassination of Maio, the rebels paraded Roger through the streets, announcing his succession and heralding his coming coronation in the Cathedral of Palermo. However, the populace instead supported the succession claims of Simon, erstwhile Prince of Taranto, the king's illegitimate half-brother. The people rebelled and the palace was stormed. In the ensuing battle, young Roger was killed, by a wayward arrow to the eye. An alternative theory, advanced by William's enemy Falcandus, is that Roger died after repeated kicking by his father, who was in a rage at having been betrayed by his son. Roger was interred in the cathedral with his brother Henry, Prince of Capua, but later was moved to the chapel of Saint Mary Magdalene in Monreale.	Roger IV, Duke of Apulia
Minkowski geometry may refer to: The geometry of a finite-dimensional normed space The geometry of Minkowski space	Minkowski geometry
Fresco is the fourth and final to date studio album by the British dance band M People. It includes the Top 10 singles "Just for You" and "Angel St", the single "Fantasy Island", and a cover version of the Roxy Music song "Avalon". The album reached number 2 in the UK Albums Chart, and was supported by a large UK arena tour. The tour confirmed M People as one of the UK's most successful live acts of the 1990s. Fresco became M People's last studio album to date as the group has not released any new material since. Various hit collections followed as well as two solo albums from lead singer Heather Small. By the end of 1998, Fresco had sold over 750,000 copies in the UK. Track listing All songs written by Mike Pickering, Paul Heard and Heather Small except where noted. Personnel Heather Small – lead vocals Mike Pickering – saxophone, backing vocals Paul Heard – bass guitar, keyboards Shovell – percussion M People – production Phil Bodger – engineering, mixing (tracks 1,3,4,5,8,9,10) Neil McLennan – engineering, mixing (track 12) Tim Weidner – engineering, mixing (track 7) David 'EQ3' Sussman – engineering, mixing (tracks 2,11) Warren Riker – engineering, mixing (track 6) James Reynolds – additional engineering (tracks 1,3,5) Steve Sidelnyk – drum programming (tracks 1,3,4,5,7,8,9) Gäetan Schurrer – drum programming (track 10) Joey Moskowitz – drum programming (tracks 2,11) Che Pope – drum programming (track 6) Richard T. Norris – additional keyboards (tracks 4,12) Simon Ellis – additional keyboards (track 9) Paul Taylor – additional keyboards (tracks 1,3,5) Gäetan Schurrer – additional keyboards (tracks 1,3,5) George Pearson – additional keyboards (track 6) Joey Moskowitz – additional keyboards (tracks 2,11) Terry Burrus – grand piano, keyboards (tracks 2,7,11) Pino Palladino – bass guitar (tracks 1,3,4,5) Freddie Thomson – bass guitar (track 9) Paul Dileo – bass guitar (track 6) Tim LaFavre – upright bass (track 11) Snake Davies (saxophone, flute, EWI) (tracks 1,3,4,7,8,12) Neil Sidwell – trombone (track 8) John Thirkell – trumpet (track 8) Brooklyn Funk Essential – brass (tracks 2,11) Johnny Marr – guitars (tracks 9,10) Dave Ital – guitars (tracks 5,7) Milton McDonald – guitars (tracks 1,3) Mike Delguidice – guitars (track 6) The London Session Orchestra, arranged by Will Malone – strings (tracks 1,3,5,8) Simon Hale – strings (track 7) Danny Madden – background vocal arrangements (tracks 2,6,11) Paul Johnson – background vocals (tracks 10,12) Carroll Thompson – background vocals (tracks 1,3,5,7,8,9,10) Claudia Fontaine – background vocals (tracks 1,3,5,8,9) Beverly Skeete – background vocals (tracks 1,3,5,8,9) Chris Balins – background vocals (track 10) Sophia Jones – background vocals (track 10) Sylvia Mason-James – background vocals (track 3) Audrey Wheeler – background vocals (tracks 2,6,11) Khadeja Bass – background vocals (tracks 2,6,11) Nicki Richards – background vocals (tracks 2,6,11) Will Downing – background vocals (track 2) Mark Ledford – background vocals (track 2) Steve Thomton – percussion (track 11) Matthew Rolston – photography Farrow Design – design Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts	Fresco (M People album)
The Tripura cricket team is a domestic cricket team representing the Indian state of Tripura. History Cricket developed later in Tripura than in most other parts of India with competitions first organized in the early 1960s, and the Tripura Cricket Association forming in 1968. Tripura entered the Ranji Trophy, along with Goa and Himachal Pradesh, when the competition was expanded for the 1985–86 season. They have always been one of the weaker sides in the competition. Up to the end of the 2022–23 season, they had played 193 first-class matches resulting in nine wins, 120 losses and 64 draws. In List A cricket they had played 138 matches resulting in 26 wins, 111 losses and one no-result. In 1985–86, fielding a team with no previous first-class experience, Tripura lost all four matches, the first three by an innings. In 1986–87 they drew their first match and lost the next three, two of them by an innings. The pattern continued. In 2001–02, their last season playing only against their East Zone neighbours – Assam, Bengal, Bihar and Orissa – Tripura lost two matches by an innings and drew the other two. The Ranji Trophy was restructured for the 2002–03 season, and the lower-ranked teams from around India began to play each other. Tripura's fortunes improved only slightly at first. They registered two losses by an innings and three draws in 2002–03. In 2003–04 they drew all five matches, gaining a first-innings lead in two of them. In 2004–05 they lost three and drew two. Tripura's first-class victories Tripura won their first first-class victory in the 2005–06 season. Until then they had played 87 matches for 65 losses and 22 draws. In their last match of the season, after two draws and two losses, they played Himachal Pradesh at Maharaja Bir Bikram College Stadium in Agartala, Tripura's main home ground. Their captain, Rajib Dutta, scored 32 and 71 not out in a low-scoring match in which no one else reached 50, and Tripura won by 130 runs. Vineet Jain, Tripura's opening bowler, took 2 for 20 and 7 for 29. Since then Tripura have registered a victory in most seasons. In 2006–07, again at Agartala and captained by Dutta, they beat Jammu and Kashmir by 132 runs, Jain taking 4 for 40 and 5 for 40. In 2007–08, once again at Agartala and now captained by Rajesh Banik, they beat Kerala by four wickets. Dutta top-scored with 47 to give Tripura a narrow first-innings lead, and Jain took 4 for 42 and 2 for 53. In 2008–09, captained by Tushar Saha, they had their first away victory when they beat Services by 54 runs at the Palam A Stadium in New Delhi. In 2009–10, once again at Agartala and captained by Dutta, they beat Rajasthan, who later went on to win the Ranji Trophy in 2010–11 and 2011–12, by one wicket. In 2010–11, captained again by Dutta, they beat Goa by seven wickets at Porvorim, Timir Chanda taking 4 for 35 and 7 for 116. After a season without a victory Tripura, captained by Ajay Ratra, beat Himachal Pradesh at Atal Bihari Vajpayee Stadium in Nadaun in 2012–13 by 169 runs, Subhrajit Roy scoring 111 in the first innings. Manisankar Murasingh made 29 and 63 and took 4 for 86 and 1 for 34. Tripura's next victory came nearly four years later, when, in their most overwhelming victory to date, they beat Services by 219 runs in 2016–17 at Guwahati after declaring at 340 for 3 in their second innings. Udiyan Bose scored 165 and Smit Patel 127 not out, and the captain, Manisankar Murasingh, scored 22 in each innings and took three wickets in each innings. In December 2018, during the sixth round of the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy, they beat Goa by 10 wickets. It was the first time that Tripura had won a match by 10 wickets and the first time they had earned a bonus point in the Ranji Trophy. Up to and including that fixture, they had played 171 first-class matches, winning only nine of them. However, in the following month, they were dismissed for 35 runs in their first innings against Rajasthan. It was their lowest total in first-class cricket. Individual records Tripura's highest first-class score is 212 by Yogesh Takawale against Hyderabad in 2013–14. The best bowling figures are 8 for 133 by Timir Chanda against Himachal Pradesh in 2011–12. In October 2016 Rana Dutta became the first bowler to take a hat-trick for Tripura. Rajib Dutta played in Tripura's first five victories, captaining the side in four of them. Home grounds Narsingarh Cricket Ground Maharaja Bir Bikram College Stadium Players Squad Players with International Caps are listed in bold. Updated as on 25 January 2023	Tripura cricket team
Australia hosted the 1938 British Empire Games in Sydney, New South Wales and their team was abbreviated AUS. This was their third of 3 Commonwealth Games meets. Medalists 1938 Australian Team & Results Athletics (Men) Javelin Throw John Patrick 'Jack' Metcalfe – 3rd, 182 ft 2in James Barlow – 5th, 169 ft 0in Goode, David P – 6th, 165 ft 1 in Sheiles, Bert – 7th, 163 ft 10in Discus Throw Harold B Wilson – 4th, 133 ft 2 3/ Keith W Pardon – 5th, 130 ft 4in William R MacKenzie – 6th, 128 ft 11in Button, Adrian – 7th, 125 ft 8in Shot Put Drew, Francis – 3rd, 45 ft 3in William C Plummer – 4th, 44 ft 5in Harold B Wilson – 5th, 43 ft 3in William R MacKenzie – 6th, 42 ft 1in Hammer Throw Keith W Pardon – 2nd, 148 ft 1in McNamara, Patrick – 4th, 139 ft 9in Rosenblum, Myer E – 5th, 135 ft 9in Graham, Leslie – 6th, 131 ft 5in Pole Vault Fletcher, Leslie A – 2nd, 13 ft 0in Winter, Edwin J – 5th, 12 ft 9 in Frederick Irvine Woodhouse – 7th, 12 ft 4in Cartwright, William – 8th, 11 ft 6 in Long Jump Raymond G Graf – 7th, 22 ft 6 in Broad Jump Basil C Dickenson – 3rd, 23 ft 5in Gould, Henry 'Harry' T – 4th, 23 ft 4in John Patrick 'Jack' Metcalfe – 5th, 23 ft 2in Hop, Step, Jump John Patrick 'Jack' Metcalfe – 1st, 50 ft 10 in Miller, D Lloyd – 2nd, 50 ft 6in Basil C Dickenson – 3rd, 50 ft 1in Raymond G Graf – 4th, 47 ft 11in High Jump Heffernan, Robert – 2nd, 6 ft 2 in Shetliffe, Douglas F – 3rd, 6 ft 2 in Tancred, Peter L – 4th, 6 ft 1in 4in John Patrick 'Jack' Metcalfe – 7th, 5 ft 11in 100 yards John Mumford – 2nd, 9.8 sec (heat 10.0, semi 10.1) Edward W Best – 3rd, 9.9 sec (heat 10.0, semi 10.0) T Edward Hampson – 5th, 10.0 sec (heat 10.1, semi 10.1) Howard Spencer Yates – 6th, 10.1 sec (heat 10.1, semi 10.2) 220 yards John Mumford – 2nd, 21.3 sec (heat 21.6, semi 21.6) Edward W Best – 3rd, 21.4 sec (heat 21.6, semi 21.4) T Edward Hampson – 4th, 21.6 sec (semi) (heat 22.1) Howard Spencer Yates – 5th, 21.7 sec (heat 22.0, semi 21.4) 440 yards Athol H Jones – 3rd, 49.8 sec (heat) John Mumford – 4th, 48.3 (heat) Hugh Johnson – 4th (heat) Scott, Francis – 4th (heat) 880 yards Maxwell Fleming – 6th (heat) Goff, Leslie – 6th (heat) Gerald I Backhouse – 7th, 1:55.1 (heat) Chappel, Roy – 7th (heat) 1-mile Gerald I Backhouse – 2nd, 4:12.2 (heat 4:18.0) Maxwell Fleming – 5th (heat) Frederick Barry-Brown – 6th (heat) Bonham, Donald – 7th (heat) 3 miles Nicholls, Stanley E – 5th, 14:30.0 Colman, Frederick – Did not finish Faulkner, Keith – Did not finish Weightman, Walter – Did not finish 6 miles Fred Bassed – 8th Millington, Stanley – 9th Doyle, Brendan – 10th 120 yards Hurdles Stenner, Sydney G – 3rd, 14.4 sec (heat 14.5) McLardy, Donald F – 4th, 14.6 sec (heat 14.9) Wilson, George – 4th, 15.1 sec (heat) Popplewell, Frederick – 4th (heat) 440 yards Hurdles John F Park – 2nd, 54.6 sec McDougall, Alan – 3rd, 55.2 sec Alfred J Watson – 4th Magee, Paul F – 6th 4x110 yards Relay Edward W Best – 3rd, 41.9 sec T Edward Hampson – 3rd, 41.9 sec Alfred J Watson – 3rd, 41.9 sec Howard Spencer Yates – 3rd, 41.9 sec 4x440 yards Relay Athol H Jones – 4th Hugh Johnson – 4th John F Park – 4th Wallace, Vernon – 4th Lewis, Maurice – Did not compete (reserve) Marathon Crossley, Richard J – 8th, 3:12:50.0 Wood, John – 9th, 3:19:47.0 Hayes, Alfred – Did not finish Jolly, Ernest – Did not finish Liddle, William – Did not finish Patterson, James – Did not finish Athletics (Women) High Jump Carter, Doris – 5th, 5 ft 1 in Poore, Elsie – 6th, 4 ft 8 in Broad Jump Decima Norman – 1st, 19 ft 1/4in (GR) Thelma Peake – 3rd, 18 ft 2in Evans, Enid – 10th 15 ft 10in Nell Gould – 12th 14 ft 9in Javelin Throw Jones, Elsie – 5th, 101 ft 8 in Mitchell, Lena – 6th, 100 ft 3 in Clarice Kennedy – 7th, 97 ft 3in 100 yards Decima Norman – 1st, 11.1 sec (GR) Walker, Joyce – 2nd, 11.3 sec (heat 11.4, semi 11.4) Joan Woodland – 5th, 11.5 sec (heat 11.5, semi 11.2) Thelma Peake – (semi) Disqualified (heat 11.5) 220 yards Decima Norman – 1st, 24.7 sec (heat 24.9, semi 24.5 (GR)) Jean Coleman – 2nd, 25.1 sec (heat 25.3, semi 25.2) A Eileen Wearne – 3rd, 25.3 sec (heat 25.1, semi 25.2) Talbot, Irene – 6th (heat 25.7, semi 25.4) 440 yards Medley Relay Jean Coleman – 1st, 49.1 sec Decima Norman – 1st, 49.1 sec A Eileen Wearne – 1st, 49.1 sec 660 yards Medley Relay Jean Coleman – 1st, 1:15.2 Decima Norman – 1st, 1:15.2 Thelma Peake – 1st, 1:15.2 Joan Woodland – 1st, 1:15.2 80 m Hurdles Grant, Isabel – 2nd, 11.7 sec (heat 12.1) Clarice Kennedy – 4th (heat 12.2) Thelma Peake – 5th (heat 12.4) Nell Gould – 4th (heat) Bowls Singles Jack Low – 3rd Pairs Percy Hutton – 2nd Howard Mildren – 2nd Fours Tom Kinder – 3rd Charlie H McNeill – 3rd Aubrey Murray – 3rd H Frank Murray – 3rd Boxing Trevor Law – Flyweight (up to 51 kg) – Eliminated Jack B Dillon – Bantamweight (up to 54 kg) – 3rd Leonard Schluter – Featherweight (up to 57 kg) – Eliminated I Ellis – Lightweight (up to 60 kg) – Eliminated William Smith – Welterweight (up to 67 kg) – 1st Athol Stubbs – Middleweight (up to 75 kg) – Eliminated Leslie Harley – Heavyweight (up to 91 kg) – 3rd Cecil G Overell – Light-Heavyweight (up to 81 kg) – 2nd Cycling 10 miles Fred Ashby – 4th John Molloy – unplaced Charlie E Wright – unplaced Sh. Janki Das – first Indian cyclist 100 km Road Race Fred Hines – 6th Harold Clayton – unplaced Alick Yuille – unplaced 1,000 m Sprint Edgar Laurence 'Dunc' Gray – 1st, 13.6 sec Robert Porter – 2nd Tasman Johnson – unplaced 1,000 m Time Trial Robert Porter – 1st, 1:15.2 (GR) Tasman Johnson – 2nd, 1:15.7 Edgar Laurence 'Dunc' Gray – 5th, 1:16.5 Rowing Eight William G Thomas (bow), 2nd Alfred J Gregory (stroke) – 2nd Doug K Bowden (cox) – 2nd Frank A W le Souef (2) – 2nd Gordon H Yewers (3) – 2nd Richard L Paramor (4) – 2nd Edward R Bromley (5) – 2nd William G Dixon (6) – 2nd Ainslie B 'Joe' Gould (7) – 2nd John Chester (reserve) – Did not compete R B Scott (reserve) – Did not compete Single Scull Herbert J Turner – 1st, 8:24.0 (won by 5 lengths) Double Scull William F Bradley (bow) – 1st, 7:29.4 Cecil A Pearce (stroke) – 1st, 7:29.4 Coxed Four Gordon Freeth (bow) – 1st, 7:16.8 Jack T Fisher (stroke) – 1st, 7:16.8 H F Kerr (cox) – 1st, 7:16.8 Don H Fraser (2) – 1st, 7:16.8 Stewart J Elder (3) – 1st, 7:16.8 Max Gaskin (reserve) John Edward Suffren (reserve) Swimming (Men) 110 yd Freestyle William Fleming – 3rd, 1:01.0 (heat 1:01.8) Percy Charles Oliver – 6th, 1:03.1 (heat) J Robert Wilshire – 7th, 1:01.6 (heat 1:01.4) 440 yd Freestyle H Robin Biddulph – 3rd, 4:55.4 (heat 5:01.5) Robert Newbiggen – 5th, 5:19.8 (heat) Noel Phillip Ryan – 7th, 5:20.4 (heat 5:19.0) 1,650 yd Freestyle H Robin Biddulph – 5th, 20:42.2 (heat 21:07.2) Noel Phillip Ryan – 6th, 21:08.2 (heat 21:06.6) Robert Newbiggen – Did not finish 4x220 yd Freestyle Relay H Robin Biddulph – 3rd, 9:32.9 (split 2:18.8) William Fleming – 3rd, 9:32.9 (split 2:26.8) Noel Phillip Ryan – 3rd, 9:32.9 (split 2:24.6) J Robert Wilshire – 3rd, 9:32.9 (split 2:27.7) 3x110 yd Medley Relay William Fleming – 3rd, 3:31.8 (split 1:01.6) Ernest A Hobbs – 3rd, 3:31.8 (split 1:20.7) Percy Charles Oliver – 3rd, 3:31.8 (split 1:09.5) 220 yd Breaststroke Ray Cameron – 4th, 3:03.1 (heat 3:07.2) Ernest A Hobbs – 7th, 3:09.0 (heat 3:04.9) John Johnson – 5th, 3:03.6 (heat 3:07.8) 110 yd Backstroke Percy Charles Oliver – 1st, 1:07.9 (GR) (heat 1:09.6) Reginald Vaughan Clark – 4th, 1:18.3 (heat) Roth Bassingthwaite – 5th, 1:15.1 (heat) Swimming (Women) 110 yd Freestyle Evelyn de Lacy – 1st, 1:10.1 (GR) (heat 1:10.6) Dorothy J Green – 2nd, 1:11.1 (heat 1:11.4) Margaret Rawson – 5th, 1:15.8 (heat) 110 yd Backstroke Gwen Millard – 4th, 1:27.5 (heat) Marion Nixon – 5th, 1:26.5 (heat) Patricia Norton – 1st, 1.19.5 (heat 1:20.6) 220 yd Breaststroke Margaret Dovey – 6th, 3:32.0 Valerie George – 4th, 3:23.0 Joan Thomas – 5th, 3:23.6 440 yd Freestyle Dorothy J Green – 1st, 5:39.9 (GR) (heat 5:43.0) Evelyn de Lacy – 5th, 5:59.4 (heat) Mynee Steel – 6th, 5:51.7 (heat 5:53.2) 4x110 yd Freestyle Relay Evelyn de Lacy – 2nd, 4:49.9 Dorothy J Green – 2nd, 4:49.9 Patricia Norton – 2nd, 4:49.9 Margaret Rawson – 2nd, 4:49.9 3x110 yd Medley Relay Evelyn de Lacy – 3rd, 4:10.0 (split 1:12.9) Valerie George – 3rd, 4:10.0 (split 1:12.0) Patricia Norton – 3rd, 4:10.0 (split 1:20.1) Diving (Men) Springboard George Johnston – 4th, 111.39 points Ronald Masters – 1st, 126.36 points David J Norris – 5th, 110.62 points Platform Ray Davis – 5th, 94.21 points Ronald Masters – 2nd, 102.87 points Arthur O'Connor – 4th, 97.39 points Diving (Women) Springboard Irene Donnett – 1st, 91.18 points Laurie Hawe – 4th, 75.32 points Janet Weidenhofer – 7th, 47.40 points Platform Irene Donnett – 3rd, 34.57 points Lurline Hook – 1st, 36.47 points Pamela Hunt – 5th, 26.10 points Wrestling Richard Edward 'Dick' Garrard – Lightweight (up to 68 kg) – 1st Todd Hardwick – Middleweight (up to 82 kg) – 2nd John Lambert 'Jack' Knight – Heavyweight (up to 100 kg) – 1st Edward Purcell – Bantamweight (up to 57 kg) – 1st Roy Purchase – Featherweight (up to 62 kg) – 1st Eddie Richard Scarf – Light Heavyweight (up to 90 kg) – 1st Tom Trevaskis – Welterweight (up to 74 kg) – 1st Officials Honorary Team Manager – Wilfred Selwyn Kent Hughes (VIC) Athletics Manager – Wilfred Ernest Painter (VIC) Athletics Manageress – Mrs Doris Magee (NSW) Boxing & Wrestling Manager – Edgar Stephen Tanner (VIC) Cycling Manager – C J 'Mick' Gray (VIC) Rowing Manager – John Rook (NSW) Rowing Coach – T K 'Toff' Qurban (SA) Rowing Eights Coach – Sidney Raper (NSW) Swimming Manager – Jack P Sheedy (WA) Swimming Manageress – Katie Buckle (NSW) See also Australia at the 1936 Summer Olympics	Australia at the 1938 British Empire Games
Andrew Rouse (born 2 December 1947) is a British racing driver, most notably in the British Saloon Car Championship. He won the BSCC in 1975, 1983, 1984 and 1985. Andy Rouse is one of the most successful drivers ever to appear in the BSCC. His 60 overall wins in the category was the highest total by any driver for many years, until being overhauled by Jason Plato at Brands Hatch in the opening round of the 2011 season. Early career Rouse was born in Dymock, Gloucestershire. Coming from an engineering background, he was originally an apprentice with an agricultural engineering company. He had been interested in motor sport from an early age and had run self-built autograss specials in his teens and then Formula Ford. In 1971 he funded his racing activities by working for Broadspeed, the race car engineering company set-up by Brummie Ralph Broad. Rouse's combined engineering and driving talent soon became apparent to Broad, who then encouraged his motorsport career by providing him with assistance to race in other championships. His first step into saloon car racing came in 1972, when he entered the Ford Escort Mexico series. He won this one-make championship in his first year, and soon stepped up into the British Saloon Car Championship. Over the following years, Rouse was successful in a number of Broadspeed entered cars (including Ford Escorts, Triumph Dolomite Sprints and Ford Capris) winning his class in 1973, 1974 and taking the title in 1975. In 1976, Broadspeed ran the works Jaguar XJ12C cars, for which Rouse was both driver and race development engineer. Great results were expected from these powerful cars but unfortunately British Leyland stopped the program the following season following a string of poor results. With no works deal for 1978, Ralph Broad sold his stake in the company and Broadspeed soon went into liquidation. Rouse drove alongside Gordon Spice in 1979 and 80, getting good results in the works Ford Capri team. Andy Rouse Engineering In 1981, Rouse set up his own engineering company, Andy Rouse Engineering, taking many of the ex-Broadspeed employees with him. His success on the track continued with Championship wins in 1983 and 1984. His 1983 win came about after Steve Soper, driving for the works TWR Austin Rover team, had his championship win disqualified. Rouse took over the Alfa Romeo GTV6 entered by Pete Hall's Industrial Control Services (ICS) plc company, won his class and latterly the championship, and also founded the long running sponsorship deal between himself and ICS. He also won the Willhire 24 Hour in 1981 and 1983. After competing in a Rover Vitesse in 1984 and winning the title against the factory Rover team, Ford gave him the 'works' contract to build and drive their next generation touring car, the Sierra Cosworth, which was to dominate the BTCC until the end of the decade. Rouse won the championship again in 1985 driving a Sierra XR4Ti, but this was to be his last overall title. For 1987, Ford homologated the Sierra RS500, and ARE set about transforming it into a BTCC machine. The result was one of the most famous touring cars of all time. Rouse never won the title outright in an RS500, although he won Class A again in 1988 and 1989. He was third overall in 1988, 1989 and 1990. As a prelude to the new 2.0 litre formula for 1991, Rouse built a 2.0 Sierra Sapphire run under the Hawaiian Tropic banner, driven first by Ray Bellm and then Chris Hodgetts. The car was not very successful, but it did give useful experience for the super touring era to come. For 1991, ARE picked up the works contract to run the Toyota team. The car was a success, challenging for the 1991 title. In 1992 Rouse was joined by Will Hoy, again running the Toyota Carina, before setting up the works Ford Mondeo team for 1993, hiring Paul Radisich to drive alongside himself. The Mondeo was the class of the field in the second half of the 1993 season, but had to give best in 1994 to Alfa Romeo. He retired from driving at the end of 1994, hiring Kelvin Burt as Paul's teammate for 1995. That year was frustrating, and Ford gave the works contract to West Surrey Racing for the following season. Rouse instead ran a semi-works Nissan team in 1996, running Gary Ayles and Owen McAuley with limited success. Rouse later built a Super Touring specification Toyota Corolla which failed to find a racing team. Since the demise of his touring car teams, Rouse spent several years trying to promote a rival series to the BTCC; his proposed "Supercar V8" was based on a spaceframe chassis, normally aspirated V8 engine, and bodywork modelled on medium to large saloon cars. This series has not yet materialised. Rouse has since wound down Andy Rouse Engineering and retired from motor racing. He now runs a commercial real estate business and restores Cadillac vehicles. His son Julian is a director of the Arden International racing team. In 2003, Andy and Julian won the 2003 Britcar season in a Mercedes 190 DTM. Julian continued to race in Britcar and even competed in the 24 Hours of Silverstone a few times. In 2005, a poll by readers of Motorsport Magazine voted Rouse the third greatest touring car driver ever. Racing record Complete British Saloon / Touring Car Championship results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position – 1973–1990 in class) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap – 1 point awarded ?–1989 in class) – Race was stopped due to heavy rain. No points were awarded. † Events with 2 races staged for the different classes. ‡ Endurance driver. Complete 24 Hours of Spa results Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results Complete World Touring Car Championship results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) Complete Bathurst 1000 results	Andy Rouse
Osteocalcin, also known as bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGLAP), is a small (49-amino-acid) noncollagenous protein hormone found in bone and dentin, first identified as a calcium-binding protein. Because osteocalcin has gla domains, its synthesis is vitamin K dependent. In humans, osteocalcin is encoded by the BGLAP gene. Its receptors include GPRC6A, GPR158, and possibly a third, yet-to-be-identified receptor. There is evidence that GPR37 might be the third osteocalcin receptor. Function Osteocalcin is secreted solely by osteoblasts and thought to play a role in the body's metabolic regulation. In its carboxylated form it binds calcium directly and thus concentrates in bone. In its uncarboxylated form, osteocalcin acts as a hormone in the body, signalling in the pancreas, fat, muscle, testes, and brain. In the pancreas, osteocalcin acts on beta cells, causing beta cells in the pancreas to release more insulin. In fat cells, osteocalcin triggers the release of the hormone adiponectin, which increases sensitivity to insulin. In muscle, osteocalcin acts on myocytes to promote energy availability and utilization and in this manner favors exercise capacity. In the testes, osteocalcin acts on Leydig cells, stimulating testosterone biosynthesis and therefore affects male fertility. In the brain, osteocalcin plays an important role in development and functioning including spatial learning and memory. An acute stress response (ASR), colloquially known as the fight-or-flight response, stimulates osteocalcin release from bone within minutes in mice, rats, and humans. Injections of high levels of osteocalcin alone can trigger an ASR in the presence of adrenal insufficiency. Use as a biochemical marker for bone formation As osteocalcin is produced by osteoblasts, it is often used as a marker for the bone formation process. It has been observed that higher serum osteocalcin levels are relatively well correlated with increases in bone mineral density during treatment with anabolic bone formation drugs for osteoporosis, such as teriparatide. In many studies, osteocalcin is used as a preliminary biomarker on the effectiveness of a given drug on bone formation. For instance, one study which aimed to study the effectiveness of a glycoprotein called lactoferrin on bone formation used osteocalcin as a measure of osteoblast activity.	Osteocalcin
The Airdrie–Bathgate rail link is a completed railway project in central Scotland. Instigated as part of a round of transport improvement projects proposed by the then Scottish Executive in 2003, the plan was to open up a fourth direct railway link between the cities of Glasgow and Edinburgh. The project was completed in October 2010, at an estimated cost of £300 million. The rail link received the final approval of the Scottish Parliament on 28 March 2007, and gained royal assent on 9 May 2007. Background In line with plans to complete the missing part of the M8 motorway, the Executive stipulated that public transport links between Scotland's two largest cities must improve. The new line reinstates the Bathgate and Coatbridge Railway between Airdrie and Bathgate, closed to passengers in 1956 and to freight in 1982, joining the North Clyde Line of the Glasgow suburban railway network which currently links the North Lanarkshire town of to Glasgow Queen Street railway station, to the Edinburgh to Bathgate Line, which connects with the West Coast and East Coast Main Lines at . It is now possible to travel from to Queen Street (Low Level) in around 65 minutes. It will complement the existing "shuttle" service between Queen Street (High Level) and Edinburgh via , which will remain the primary railway link between the two cities, taking around 50 minutes at peak times. Benefits and infrastructure improvements The line is intended to bring significant benefits to the West Lothian area, connecting it to the Greater Glasgow conurbation. New stations serve the towns of and Armadale, West Lothian, while the new town of Livingston has an additional direct rail link to Glasgow. In order to permit four trains per hour in each direction, improvements to the existing line have been made: The entire line is double track, doubling the lines between and Drumgelloch, and between Bathgate and Cawburn Junction, east of Uphall. An upgrade of Newbridge Junction, where the railways from Bathgate and Falkirk to Edinburgh join. New stations at Drumgelloch and in new locations. Electrification of the line between Drumgelloch and Haymarket. The Class 380s delivered to ScotRail for use across the Strathclyde network. This allowed the Class 334s to be used on the Helensburgh/Milngavie to/from Edinburgh services. Progress The start of work was signalled with a sod cutting ceremony at Livingston North station in June 2007, attended by Transport Minister Stewart Stevenson. Contracts worth £300m for design, installation and commissioning of signalling and telecommunications had been awarded by July 2008. Remodelling of Newbridge Junction and doubling of Bathgate branch was completed in October 2008. Blackridge railway station was included as one of the stations to be opened on the line. officially closed after the last train left at 23:08 for on 8 May 2010. opened in December 2010 550 metres to the east. On 27 August 2010 at Drumgelloch, a ceremony took place to lay the last piece of track between Airdrie and Bathgate joining the two towns by rail for the first time since 1982. With work to install overhead line and signalling equipment for the line complete, it was opened for operational use and driver training on 18 October 2010. Passenger services began on 12 December 2010, as an extension of the existing services to Airdrie on the North Clyde Line, incorporated into National Rail timetable 226. Services are currently hourly (half hourly on weekends). Drumgelloch, and Armadale were initially served by bus substitution services open due to the inclement weather at the end of November 2010 delaying the completion of minor works (including surfacing of car parks). On 13 February 2011 opened. Armadale opened on 4 March, followed by Drumgelloch on 6 March, thus completing all station work. Effective 7 March, service between Glasgow Queen Street and Edinburgh Waverley increased to two trains per hour on weekdays, Saturdays and Sunday afternoons. On Tuesday 8 March 2011, Scottish Transport Minister Keith Brown officially opened the Airdrie-Bathgate Rail Link. See also Edinburgh to Glasgow Improvement Programme	Airdrie–Bathgate rail link
Interserie is the name of a European-based motorsport series started in 1970 that allows for a wide variety of racing cars from various eras and series to compete with less limited rules than in other series. Created in 1970 by German Gerhard Härle, it is inspired by English races of the 1960s for Group 7 machinery and by the Nordic Challenge Cup which had run in 1969 in Finland and Sweden. Initially using the Group 7 formula similar to that used by Can-Am in North America, the series would evolve to include open-wheel cars with sports-car style full bodywork from CART, Formula One, Formula 3000, Formula 3 and various other series, as well as Group C sports cars. Although the teams are not as limitless in their modifications or powerplants, the series continues to run today, mostly with various open-wheel cars without full bodywork that became obsolete in current championship series. Starting from 1999, the Interserie lost its international status and became a Central European championship with sprint races organised by the Automobilclub von Deutschland, mostly for modified formula cars. Champions	Interserie
Vigneux is the name or part of the name of three communes of France: Vigneux-de-Bretagne in the Loire-Atlantique département Vigneux-Hocquet in the Aisne département Vigneux-sur-Seine in the Essonne département	Vigneux (disambiguation)
The 2001 Nokia Brier, Canada's national men's curling championship, was held March 3–11 at the Ottawa Civic Centre in Ottawa, Ontario. It was the very first Brier to be sponsored by Nokia. The theme of the event was the 2001: A Space Odyssey. In the finals, Team Alberta, consisting of skip Randy Ferbey, fourth David Nedohin, second Scott Pfeifer and lead Marcel Rocque would capture their first of four Brier wins as a team. They edged out Team Manitoba skipped by Kerry Burtnyk in the final, 8–4. While the Brier was not unsuccessful, it did end up losing money. The total attendance was 154,136. Teams The 2001 Brier featured the 1981 and 1995 champion Kerry Burtnyk rink of Manitoba, 1982 and 1985 champion Al Hackner rink of Northern Ontario, 1998 champion Wayne Middaugh rink of Ontario, 1988 and 1989 champion third Randy Ferbey with his new Alberta rink, 1998 and 1999 runner-up Guy Hemmings rink of Quebec, 1990 runner-up Jim Sullivan rink of New Brunswick, 1999 Mixed champion Paul Flemming, 5-time PEI champion Peter MacDonald, 4-time territories champion Steve Moss, 2-time Saskatchewan champion Doug Harcourt along with newcomers 1989 Canadian Junior champion Dean Joanisse of BC, and Keith Ryan of Newfoundland. Round-robin standings Final round-robin standings Round-robin results All draw times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (UTC−5). Draw 1 Saturday, March 3, 1:30 pm Draw 2 Saturday, March 3, 7:00 pm Draw 3 Sunday, March 4, 9:00 am Draw 4 Sunday, March 4, 1:30 pm Draw 5 Sunday, March 4, 7:30 pm Draw 6 Monday, March 5, 9:00 am Draw 7 Monday, March 5, 1:30 pm Draw 8 Monday, March 5, 7:30 pm Draw 9 Tuesday, March 6, 9:00 am Draw 10 Tuesday, March 6, 1:30 pm Draw 11 Tuesday, March 6, 7:30 pm Draw 12 Wednesday, March 7, 9:00 am Draw 13 Wednesday, March 7, 1:30 pm Draw 14 Wednesday, March 7, 7:30 pm Draw 15 Thursday, March 8, 9:00 am Draw 16 Thursday, March 8, 1:30 pm Draw 17 Thursday, March 8, 7:30 pm Playoffs 1 vs. 2 Friday, March 9, 7:30 pm 3 vs. 4 Friday, March 9, 1:30 pm Semifinal Saturday, March 10, 1:30 pm Final Sunday, March 11, 1:30 pm Statistics Top 5 player percentages Round robin only Playdowns : Team Nedohin, skipped by Randy Ferbey won the Alberta Safeway Select, defeating Kevin Martin 6–4 in the final at the Stettler Recreation Centre in Stettler on February 11. : Dean Joanisse of Victoria won the Safeway Select B.C. men's curling championship, defeating defending Brier champion Greg McAulay of New Westminster, 5–4 in the final at the McArthur Island Sports Centre in Kamloops on February 11. : Kerry Burtnyk (Assiniboine Memorial) won the Manitoba Safeway Select 10–7 over Dale Duguid (Granite) in the final at the Selkirk Recreation Complex in Selkirk on February 11. Duguid's last draw in the 10th came up short after picking on a piece of straw, giving the victory to Burtnyk. : Jim Sullivan of Saint John defeated Russ Howard of Moncton 6–5 in an extra end in the New Brunswick final played in Moncton. : Keith Ryan of Labrador City beat Ken Peddigrew of St. John's in the Newfoundland championship final, 5–4 in Stephenville. : In an all-Thunder Bay final, the Al Hackner rink beat Team Bill Adams (skipped by Scott Henderson) 6–5 in an extra end at the Northern Ontario Labatt Tankard played at the North Bay Granite Club in North Bay on February 11. Hackner made a draw to the button for the win. : Paul Flemming defeated Ken Myers (both of Halifax) 9–7 in final of the Nova Scotia championship played in Sydney. : Wayne Middaugh beat Stayner's John Morris, 4–3 in the final of the 2001 Ontario Nokia Cup played February 11 in Woodstock. : Peter MacDonald of Charlottetown won the Prince Edward Island Tankard on February 5. : Guy Hemmings downed François Roberge of Quebec City 7–2 in the Quebec final, played on February 10 in Chicoutimi. Quill Lake's Doug Harcourt went 22–0 through playdown play, culminating in a 5–2 victory over Rocansville's Daryl Williamson in the final of the Pool Tankard played in Kindersley February 11. : Steve Moss of the Northwest Territories won the Yukon/NWT Men's Curling Championship played at the Mt. McIntyre Recreation Centre in Whitehorse, Yukon over the January 27–28 weekend. He posted a 5–1 record, two wins more than second place Jon Solberg of the Yukon.	2001 Nokia Brier
Attentat or Atentat may refer to: Attentat (band), Swedish punk band Attentat (novel), a 1997 novel by Amélie Nothomb Atentát, a 1964 Czech film directed by Jiří Sequens Atentat, Ukrainian-language title of the 1995 Ukrainian film about the murder of Stepan Bandera	Attentat
The Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D is a small turbofan engine built by Pratt & Whitney Canada. It was introduced in 1971 at thrust, and has since undergone a series of upgrades to just over thrust in the latest versions. It is the primary powerplant for a wide variety of smaller jet aircraft, notably business jets. Design and development When it first ran in 1967 the JT15D was rare among turbofan engines in that it uses a centrifugal compressor as its high-pressure stage. About 70% of the air passing through the fan goes down the bypass duct. The JT15D-4 and later variants use a "booster" axial stage behind the fan which runs at the same speed as the fan and directs the remaining 30% of the air into the high-pressure compressor, after which it passes into a reverse-flow annular combustor. The hot gases flow through a high-pressure turbine that drives the centrifugal compressor, and a low-pressure turbine that drives the fan and booster. The engine was first run in August 1967 before being test flown on an Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck in an underslung external test pod. Variants JT15D-1The first model was introduced to power the Cessna Citation I, then known as the Fanjet 500. Deliveries started in 1972, and eventually on 1,417 -1s were delivered. JT15D-1A JT15D-1B JT15D-4Introduced in 1973, improving thrust to . The -4 was the primary engine for the Cessna Citation II, and went on to find use on the Mitsubishi Diamond 1A, Aerospatiale Corvette and SIAI-Marchetti S.211. Eventually 2,195 engines of the -4 series were delivered. JT15D-4A JT15D-4B JT15D-4C JT15D-4D JT15D-5 Certified in 1983. The first versions delivered and were used on the Beechjet 400A and Cessna T-47A. Several minor versions were introduced, the -5A for the Cessna Citation V, while the -5B powered the Beechcraft T-1A Jayhawk, the -5C the DASA Ranger 2000 and S-211A. JT15D-5A JT15D-5B JT15D-5C JT15D-5D Certified in 1993, increased thrust again, this time to . The -5D is used on the Cessna UC-35A and Cessna Citation Ultra. JT15D-5F Applications Aérospatiale Corvette Alenia Aermacchi M-311 Boeing Bird of Prey Beechcraft Beechjet 400 Cessna Citation I Cessna Citation II Cessna Citation V/Ultra EADS Barracuda Hawker 400 Honda MH02 Mitsubishi MU-300 Diamond Northrop Grumman X-47A Pegasus Raytheon T-1 Jayhawk Rockwell Ranger 2000 Scaled Composites 401 Scaled Composites ARES SIAI-Marchetti S.211/Aermacchi S-211 Sport Jet II Stratos 716X Specifications (JT15D-5D)	Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D
Klub Sportowy Konfeks Legnica is a Polish football team based in Legnica and founded in 1971. Currently, Konfeks are playing in the 5th level of Polish football. The club's best achievement was reaching the third tier of Polish football (now known as the Polish Second League) during the 1991–92 through 1993–94 seasons.	Konfeks Legnica
Arsamosata (Middle Persian Aršāmšād; Old Persian Ṛšāma-šiyāti-, , ) was an ancient and medieval city situated on the bank of the Murat River, near the present-day city of Elâzığ. It was founded in by Arsames I, the Orontid king of Sophene, Commagene and possibly Armenia. The city served as a central center and royal residence of the Orontids of Sophene. The origin of its name was Persian, meaning "Joy of Arsames". Naming cities such the "joy of" or "happiness of" was a Orontid (and later Artaxiad) practice that recalled the Achaemenid royal discourse. It was left and destroyed in the 1st century BC. In the Middle Ages it was called Ashmushat. In Roman and Byzantine times, it bore the names Armosota (Ἀρμόσοτα) and Arsamosota (Ἀρσαμόσοτα). It was also known in Byzantine times as Asmosaton. It was called Shimshāṭ in Arabic. A prominent native of Arsamosata was the 10th-century poet Abu'l-Hasan Ali al-Shimshati. Arsamosata has been identified with the abandoned settlement site known as Haraba, located by the Murat Su, near the east end of the Altınova plain, some 60 km east of Elazig,. Much of the site now lies submerged under the waters of the Keban Dam. The hill that served as the former city's citadel now juts out toward the northeast into a shallow lake created by the dam. The city itself appears to have been just below the hill on the southeast, although this is not entirely certain. History Limited archaeological evidence, consisting of a few pottery finds that strongly resemble Urartian ceramics, point to the existence of a settlement at Arsamosata in ancient times - perhaps between the 10th and 7th centuries BCE. However, any settlement here was probably not very significant. The main Urartian settlement in the region was at Harput, which seems to have served as a fortified administrative center. Another large settlement existed at Norşuntepe, although it was unfortified during this period. The local population was at least partly Urartian; there may have also been members of the Mushki people present. The ancient towns at Harput and Norşuntepe dispersed around the Achaemenid period. From then until the foundation of Arsamosata in the mid-3rd century BCE, the Altınova plain had no large towns. Arsamosata may have been founded as a display of prestige. Its original population was probably mostly drawn from the surrounding villages. Its location was probably chosen because its distance from the region's main route, which came through the Ergani pass to Tomisa further west, made it relatively safe from attack. However, being off the main trade route also meant that Arsamosata was not a major commercial center during this period. Its economy was mostly based on agriculture instead. In late antiquity, Arsamosata formed one of the main settlements in the district of Anzitene. The nearby city of Dadima appears to have grown due to commerce from Ergani and Tomisa by the late 6th century, probably absorbing some of Arsamosata's population. However, Arsamosata remained a major city with a mixed population of Armenians and Assyrians. Later, in the period after the Arab conquest, Dadima shrank to a small town, probably because it was close to the Arab-Byzantine border and therefore prone to attack. Many of its residents moved to Arsamosata, which was in a safer position further east. Some of Melitene's population probably moved to Arsamosata at this point as well. With Dadima's decline, Arsamosata was now the lone major city in the region. However, despite its more secure position, Arsamosata still lay in a contested region, and it changed hands several times during this period. A Byzantine offensive in 837, led by the emperor Theophilos, captured Arsamosata along with Melitene. By autumn 938, the city was back under Arab control - the Hamdanid amir Sayf al-Dawla retreated toward Arsamosata that autumn while being pursued by Byzantine forces. In 939, according to James Howard-Johnston, Arsamosata fell to the Byzantines again. After the Byzantine conquest, Arsamosata was made the capital of a small theme. This theme probably only covered the immediately surrounding plains to the north and east; i.e. the easternmost part of Anzitene. In the 970s, the theme of Arsamosata was broken up. Arsamosata shrank to a medium-sized town and some of its population probably migrated to Harput, the new main capital of the region. A garrison was still kept at Arsamosata's citadel, but the town walls were probably now too big for the dwindling settlement within and must have fallen into disuse. Arsamosata still existed under the Artukid principality of Harput, but it was no longer a major city. It survived until at least 1199, when its bishopric is last attested, and probably continued into the early 13th century as well. When Yaqut al-Hamawi visited Arsamosata in the early 13th century, he found it "in ruins, with only a tiny population". The citadel garrison was eventually withdrawn at some point, possibly after the Seljuk conquest of Anzitene in 1234, and Arsamosata was finally abandoned. Its population dispersed to villages on the surrounding plain and in the hills beyond. The name "Arsamosata" continued to be used until modern times, to denote a group of several villages near where the old city had once stood. As of the 20th century, there were seven of them, collectively known as "Arşimşat" (from the Arabic form of the city's name). The closest one to the old city was Haraba (from Arabic "kharaba", meaning "ruin"), about half a kilometer to the southwest of the ruins. A local tradition recorded around the turn of the 20th century held that there had once been a large city here, divided into two parts called "Samusat" and "Ashmushat". Even before the construction of the Keban Dam, the city ruins (below the citadel) were already underwater due to meandering of the Murat Su, and by the mid-20th century not much of them remained visible, although one traveler reported seeing some khachkars here. Archaeologists conducted excavations at the citadel before the dam was built, in 1969, 1970, and 1973. They dug six trenches, mostly on the southeast side of the hill where walls were already visible. Bishopric Arsamosata was historically the seat of a Syriac Orthodox bishop which was responsible for the entire surrounding district of Anzitene. Its last mention is in 1199. No longer a residential bishopric, Arsamosata is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see. Notes	Arsamosata
Auriga or AURIGA can refer to: Auriga (constellation), a constellation of stars Auriga (slave), a Roman charioteer HMS Auriga (P419), a British submarine launched in 1945 Auriga of Delphi, name of the statue Charioteer of Delphi USM Auriga, a spaceship in the film Alien Resurrection Auriga, a fictional planet in the Endless franchise by Amplitude Studios AURIGA, a gravitational wave detector in Italy Auriga-1.2V (Аурига-1.2В), a Russian satellite communications system, and a component of the MK VTR-016 (МК ВТР-016) mobile video transmission system , a number of steamships with this name	Auriga
The Liaquat–Nehru Pact (or the Delhi Pact) was a bilateral treaty between India and Pakistan in which refugees were allowed to return to dispose of their property, abducted women and looted property were to be returned, forced conversions were unrecognized, and minority rights were confirmed. The treaty was signed in New Delhi by the Prime Minister of India Jawahar Lal Nehru and the Prime Minister of Pakistan Liaquat Ali Khan on April 8, 1950. The treaty was the outcome of six days of talks sought to guarantee the rights of minorities in both countries after the Partition of India and to avert another war between them. This pact also introduced visa system for refugees and free passage of refugees across border was restricted. Minority commissions were set up in both countries. More than one million refugees migrated from East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) to West Bengal in India. See also List of treaties	Liaquat–Nehru Pact
St John the Evangelist Catholic High School, or the colloquial St John's, is an independent co-educational secondary day school, located in Nowra, New South Wales, Australia. The school provides a religious and general education to Catholic and non-Catholic families. Administered by the Catholic Education Office of the Diocese of Wollongong, the Catholic systemic school caters for students from Year 7 to Year 12 and serves the Shoalhaven and surrounding regions. St John's has approximately 1,000 students, most of whom come from Catholic families. History St John's was founded in 1989. Up until 1967 there was a Catholic secondary school provided at St Michael's school, but it was closed and Catholic students then had to attend the local state high schools, Shoalhaven High School and Nowra High School, with some families opting to send their children to the Catholic boarding school in the Southern Highlands, Chevalier College. St John the Evangelist High School was founded in 1990. The first principal was Carmel Bambridge. The Sisters of the Good Samaritan had worked in the Nowra Parish since 1893, particularly in the area of the Catholic Education in St Michael's School and State Schools of the region. The Good Samaritans were founded in 1857 by Archbishop John Bede Polding to work with convict women, and then moved into the field of Catholic Education. Polding's patron saint was St John the Evangelist, and as a Benedictine monk he adapted the rule of St Benedict for the Good Samaritan Congregation. The official feast day for the school is that of St John the Evangelist which is celebrated on 27 December each year. Since this falls during the summer school holidays, the feast day is celebrated near Pentecost. House system BenedictYellow (formerly Cuthbert) Originally named after Australian athlete Betty Cuthbert, the House name was changed in 2005. Named after St Benedict. ChisholmRed (formerly Bradman) Originally named after Australian cricketer Donald Bradman, the House name was changed in 2005. Named after Caroline Chisholm. MacKillopPurple Formed in 2005 as the fifth house and named after St. Mary MacKillop, the founder of the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart McCabeBlue (formerly Goolagong) Originally named after Australian tennis player Evonne Goolagong Cawley, the House name was changed in 2005. Named after Bishop Thomas McCabe, the first Bishop of the Catholic Diocese of Wollongong. PoldingOrange Formed in 2006 as the sixth house and named after Archbishop John Polding, the first Roman Catholic Bishop in Australia and founder of the Sisters of the Good Samaritan. PurcellGreen (formerly Elliott) Originally named after Australian athlete Herb Elliott, the House name was changed in 2005. Named after Monsignor John Purcell, the Parish Priest at the time of the schools' opening and one of the founders of the school. Curriculum St John’s offers a limited range of subjects. In years 11 and 12, students begin to work towards the Higher School Certificate (HSC), which allows them to either enter university, TAFE, college, or the workforce. Whilst the HSC years are not compulsory in NSW, they are popular for students at St John’s, as many students leave St John’s post-HSC to study at the University of Wollongong. As with all Catholic schools in the Catholic Diocese of Wollongong, religious education is compulsory in all years including years 11 and 12. See also List of Catholic schools in New South Wales Catholic education in Australia	St John the Evangelist Catholic High School, Nowra
In algebraic geometry, the lemniscate of Gerono, or lemniscate of Huygens, or figure-eight curve, is a plane algebraic curve of degree four and genus zero and is a lemniscate curve shaped like an symbol, or figure eight. It has equation It was studied by Camille-Christophe Gerono. Parameterization Because the curve is of genus zero, it can be parametrized by rational functions; one means of doing that is Another representation is which reveals that this lemniscate is a special case of a Lissajous figure. Dual curve The dual curve (see Plücker formula), pictured below, has therefore a somewhat different character. Its equation is	Lemniscate of Gerono
Al-Riyadh SC () is a professional football club based in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It currently plays in the Saudi Pro League (the first tier of professional football in Saudi Arabia). It was established in 1953 as Ahli Al-Riyadh, then changed its name to Al-Yamamah and finally to Al-Riyadh. Best known for its football team, Al-Riyadh also have squads in other sports. Al-Riyadh have won one major title: the Crown Prince Cup in 1994. The team also finished as runners-up in the Saudi Premier League in 1994; they have never won the top league. Al-Riyadh was promoted to the Saudi Pro League in 2023. History Early history The club was founded in 1953 under the name "Ahli Al-Riyadh", before changing to "Al-Yamama" and then to "Al-Riyadh." It is currently based in west Riyadh. They reached the final of the Kings Cup in 1962 and 1978, but triumphed on neither occasion. Golden era Al-Riyadh was promoted to the Saudi Premier League at the end of the 1988/89 season after winning the Saudi First Division League. In the early 1990s, under the leadership of the Brazilian coach Zumario and players such as Khalid Al-Qarouni, Talal Al-Jabreen, Yasser Al-Taafi and Fahd Al-Hamdan, Al-Riyadh won the Crown Prince Cup in 1994. They were unable to retain the Cup in 1995, losing in the final to Al-Hilal. However, they did win the 1995 Federation Cup and reached the semi-final of the 1995 Asian Cup Winners' Cup. In 1998, Al-Riyadh once again reached the finals of the Crown Prince Cup, and lost to Al-Ahli. Al-Riyadh were relegated at the end of the 2004/5 season. Return to the top flight Al-Riyadh finished fourth in the Saudi First Division League in the 2022/23 season. Normally, a fourth-place finish would not be good enough for promotion, but the Saudi Premier League was expanding from 16 teams to 18, offering an additional promotion spot. Honours Domestic Saudi Premier League Runners-up (1): 1993–94 Saudi First Division League Winners (2): 1977–78, 1988–89 Runners-up (2): 1979–80, 1982–83 Kings CupRunners-up (2): 1962, 1978 Crown Prince Cup Winners (1): 1993–94Runners-up (2): 1994–95, 1997–98 Prince Faisal Cup Winners (1): 1994–95 Continental Arab Super Cup Runners-up (1): 1996 Current squad As of 14 August 2023:'' Management staff Managerial history Khalid Al-Koroni (January 11, 2010 – April 12, 2010) Fahd Al-Hamdan (caretaker) (April 12, 2010 – May 1, 2010) Marian Bondrea (July 1, 2010 – February 19, 2011) Mohamed Aldo (February 19, 2011 – May 30, 2011) Djamel Belkacem (July 26, 2011 – May 30, 2012) Ayman El Yamani (July 3, 2012 – December 12, 2012) Habib Ben Romdhane (December 12, 2012 – May 1, 2014) Amir Alagić (June 17, 2014 – September 15, 2014) Lotfi Kadri (September 16, 2014 – December 15, 2014) Zouhair Louati (December 15, 2014 – July 28, 2015) Leandro Simpson (August 7, 2015 – December 18, 2015) Abderrazek Chebbi (December 18, 2015 – April 30, 2016) Sultan Khamees (June 23, 2016 – November 18, 2016) Hani Anwar (November 18, 2016 – May 30, 2017) Adel Latrach (July 13, 2017 – November 26, 2017) Yousef Khamees (November 26, 2017 – February 14, 2018) Bandar Al-Jaithen (February 14, 2018 – April 1, 2018) Amro Anwar (August 15, 2018 – December 2, 2018) Bandar Al-Jaithen (December 2, 2018 – January 27, 2019) Khalid Al-Koroni (January 27, 2019 – October 15, 2019) Saad Al-Subaie (October 15, 2019 – January 25, 2020) Yousri bin Kahla (January 25, 2020 – February 7, 2021) Anis Chaieb (February 10, 2021 – June 1, 2021) Moncef Mcharek (June 24, 2021 – May 1, 2022) Dejan Arsov (May 3, 2022 – September 8, 2022) Teo Pirija (caretaker) (September 8, 2022 – September 18, 2022) Damir Burić (September 18, 2022 – June 1, 2023) Yannick Ferrera (June 6, 2023 – September 20, 2023) Bandar Al-Kubaishan (caretaker) (September 20, 2023 – October 8, 2023) Odair Hellmann (October 8, 2023 – ) International competitions Overview Record by country Matches Key: QR – Qualifying round; 1R/2R – First/Second round; R16 – Round of 16; QF – Quarter-final; SF – Semi-final; Notes See also List of football clubs in Saudi Arabia	Al-Riyadh SC
Vicki Risch is the former first lady of Idaho and the wife of U.S. senator Jim Risch, who served as governor of Idaho in 2006. She became first lady on May 26, 2006, when her husband succeeded former governor, Dirk Kempthorne, who resigned to become United States Secretary of the Interior. Risch succeeded former first lady, Patricia Kempthorne, who had held the post for over seven years. Risch served as first lady until January 2007, as her husband did not seek a full term as governor, but rather was reelected to his old post as lieutenant governor.	Vicki Risch
A boot jack, sometimes known as a boot pull, is a small tool that aids in the removal of boots. It consists of a U-shaped mouth that grips the heel of the boot, and a flat area to which weight can be applied with the opposite foot. To operate it, the user places the heel of the boot in the mouth of the jack, stands on the back of the device with the other foot, and pulls his foot free of the front boot. The process is then repeated to remove the other boot. The boot jack has several advantages over the removal of boots by hand. By allowing the wearer to pull his foot straight up and out of the boot, and by using his full body weight to hold the boot in place, far greater leverage and a much more secure grip are possible than can be achieved with the hands. In addition, the wearer is spared the inconvenience of having to bend over or sit down to remove the boots, or directly handle them if they are dirty. The function of the boot jack can be approximated with a variety of other objects that may be on hand, ranging from a convenient piece of furniture to a rifle butt, but these generally cannot remove the boot as easily as a proper boot jack. An adequate naturally occurring bootjack is formed by the base of cabbage palm Sabal palmetto leaf and these leaf bases are consequently called bootjacks. Additionally, the sole of a boot still being worn can also function as an improvised jack, but the wearer using one foot to remove the opposite boot often lacks proper leverage to successfully remove a snug-fitting boot, particularly a tall boot. In addition to simple, utilitarian models made of wood or a synthetic material, representational cast iron boot jacks are also available. The U shape of the jack is formed by artistic elements, such as the horns of a steer, antennae of an insect or snail, or other, often humorous or whimsical, designs. Some boots do have little execrescences at the back using a boot jack even easier. See also Shoehorn	Boot jack
The Trans Europe Foot Race is a multiday long-distance ultramarathon that consists of running across Europe. 2003 race The 2003 Trans Europe Foot Race was organized by Ingo Schultze. It ran from Lisbon to Moscow in 64 days and covered approximately . Out of 44 starters, there were 22 finishers including one wheelchair athlete, with Mariko Sakamoto the only woman to finish. The event was won by Robert Wimmer from Germany. 2009 race The 2009 Trans Europe Foot Race was also organized by Ingo Schultze. The route started in Bari, Italy and finished in North Cape, Norway. It mostly avoided big cities and passed for example Foggia, Fano, Schlanders, Seeg, Waldkappel before using the ferry Kiel-Gothenburg, and then passing for example Kristinehamn, Sveg, Storuman, Jokkmokk, Enontekiö and Alta. Again this was a 64-day race. The total distance was . The race began on April 19, 2009 and ended on June 21, 2009. The male winner was Rainer Koch from Germany with a running time of 378 hours and 12 minutes. The female winner was Takako Furuyama from Japan, with a running time of 529 hours and 6 minutes. 45 runners finished the race. List of competitors for 2009 race From Germany: Hermann Böhm (Weiherhammer) Hans Damm (Neu-Isenburg) Sigrid Eichner (Berlin) Female Dagmar Großheim (Gräfenberg) Female Joachim Hauser (Dettenhausen) Martina Hausmann (Würzburg) Female Marcel Heinig (Cottbus) Achim Heukemes (Gräfenberg) Richard Hofbauer (Rosenheim) Theo Huhnholt (Waldkraiburg) Heinz Jäckel (Hennef) Rainer Koch (Dettelbach) Jörg Koenig (Stade) Klaus Neumann (Stuttgart) Heike Pawzik (Rostock) Female Hans-Jürgen Schlotter (Horb-Bittelbronn) Werner Selch (Amberg) Elke Streicher (Gerlingen) Female René Strosny (Filderstadt) Bernd Wagner (Duisburg) Klaus Wanner (Holzgerlingen) Robert Wimmer (Nürnberg / Bayern) Tom Wolter-Roessler (Ulm-Böfingen) Ullrich Zach (Rödental) Jürgen Zuth (Siegelsbach) From Finland: Janne Kankaansyrjä (Järvenpää) From France: Gèrard Denis (Fouesnant) Jean-Herve Duchesne (Saint-Germain) Alain Lemarchand (Neuric sur I'Isle) Christophe Midelet (Gizy / Aisne) Stephane Pelissier (Lanta) Fabrice Viaud (Rezè) Roger Warenghem (Le Touvet) From Japan: Kenji Hara (Utsunomiya, Tochigi) Kazuhiko Horiguchi (Kitakata, Fukushima) Kazuko Kaihata (Kurashiki, Okayama) Female Yasuo Kanai (Yokohama, Kanagawa) Saeko Kishimoto (Gunma) Female Shoji Konoeda (Osaka) Shigeru Mitsuhashi (Sapporo, Hokkaido) Koji Nakamura (Higashi Yodagawa) Yasumasa Namikoshi (Osaka) Hiroko Okiyama (Fussa, Tokio) Female Takasumi Senoo (Yokohama) Tsuyoshi Sugawara (Hasuda, Saitama) Furuyama Takako (Tokyo) Female Okuno Tomoko (Tokyo) Female From Korea: Ahn Byeung Sik (Seogwipo) From Netherlands: Ria Buiten (Biddinghuize) Female Theo Cloosterman (Veldhoven) Jenni De Groot (Leeuwarden) Female Ubel Dijk (Drachten) Theo Kuijpers (Westerbeek) Jan Nabuurs (Westerbeck) Cor Westhuis (Dalfsen) From Norway: Eiolf Eivindsen (Mosjøen) Trond Sjavik (Mosjøen) Henry Wehder (Nordre Toten/Nordli) From Sweden: Matthias Bramstång (Halmstad) Andreas Falk (Sollentuna) From Switzerland: Markus Bernhard (Thunstetten) Christian Fatton (Noiraigue) Christian Marti (Zürich) Martin Wagen (Biel-Benke) From Taiwan: Ching-Hui Chen (Taipei) From Turkey: Mike Friedl (Istanbul) From USA: Russell Secker (Austin,Texas) 2012 race The race was run again in 2012. It went from Skagen, Denmark to Gibraltar, passing e.g. Haderslev, Ahrensburg, Waldkappel, Frankenbach, Valdoie, Bourganeuf, St-Pons-de-Thomieres, Berga, Teruel and Puente Genil. The total distance was 4175 km and the race took 64 days. The male winner was Peter Bartel from Germany with 354:25:21, and the female winner was Ria Buiten from the Netherlands with 504:18:29. 2025 race In 2025 a new edition of the Transeuropalauf, is being planned. The event is organised by Thomas Dornburg and is 41 stages from Flensburg to San Marino. The route is 2,247 km and is a daily average of 54 km. See also Transcontinental walk	Trans Europe Foot Race
Sunderland was a borough constituency of the House of Commons, created by the Reform Act 1832 for the 1832 general election. It elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) by the bloc vote system of election. It was split into the single-member seats of Sunderland North and Sunderland South for the 1950 general election. Boundaries 1832-1918 Under the Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832, the contents of the borough were defined as the Parish of Sunderland and the several townships of Bishop Wearmouth, Bishop Wearmouth Panns, Monk Wearmouth, Monk Wearmouth Shore, and Southwick. See map on Vision of Britain website. Minor change in 1868 to include a small part of the Municipal Borough not in the Parliamentary Borough. 1918-1950 The County Borough of Sunderland The Urban District of Southwick-on-Wear. Minor changes to align boundaries with those of local authorities. Members of Parliament Election results Elections in the 1830s Barrington resigned, causing a by-election. Elections in the 1840s Thompson resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds in order to contest a by-election at Westmorland, causing a by-election. Grey succeeded to the peerage, becoming 3rd Earl Grey and causing a by-election. Barclay resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election. Elections in the 1850s Seymour was appointed Recorder of Newcastle upon Tyne, requiring a by-election. Elections in the 1860s Fenwick was appointed a Civil Lord of the Admiralty, requiring a by-election. Elections in the 1870s Elections in the 1880s Allan resigned, causing a by-election. Elections in the 1890s Elections in the 1900s some records describe Wilkie as Liberal-Labour Elections in the 1910s stood as "Independent Tariff Reform" but was supported by local Conservative Association General Election 1914–15: Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by the July 1914, the following candidates had been selected; Liberal: Hamar Greenwood Labour: Frank Goldstone Unionist: Elections in the 1920s Elections in the 1930s Elections in the 1940s General Election 1939–40 Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by the Autumn of 1939, the following candidates had been selected; Conservative: Samuel Storey Liberal National: Stephen Furness Labour: Fred Peart, Fred Willey See also History of parliamentary constituencies and boundaries in Durham Notes and references Notes	Sunderland (UK Parliament constituency)
Jesús Moncada i Estruga (; Mequinenza, 1941 – Barcelona, 13 June 2005) was a narrator and translator. His work is a re-creation, somewhere between realism and fantasy, of the mythical past of the old town of Mequinenza -now submerged beneath the waters of the river Ebro-. Considered one of the most important Catalan authors of his time, he received various prizes for his work, among them the Premio Ciutat de Barcelona and the Premio Nacional de la Crítica in 1989 for Camí de sirga (The Towpath) and the Creu de Sant Jordi, awarded by the Generalitat de Catalunya in 2001. In 2004—a few months before his death—he received the Premio de las Letras Aragonesas. Moncada is one of the most translated authors of Catalan literature. Camí de sirga has been translated into fifteen languages, among them Japanese and Vietnamese. He also translated into Catalan many Spanish, French, and English works of authors such as Guillaume Apollinaire, Alexandre Dumas, père, Jules Verne, and Boris Vian. On 9 July 2005 he returned to Mequinenza (in Catalan, Mequinensa), where he was awarded the title of "favorite son." He died on 13 June 2005 from cancer. His ashes were scattered in the noble house of old Mequinenza, now inundated by the Ribarroja reservoir, where he was born and where his works are set, under the watchful eye of his mother, his siblings -Rosa Mari and Albert-, his brother-in-law and nephew, and the neighbors of Mequinenza. Works Novels Camí de sirga (The Towpath) (1988) The novel tells the story of a town situated at the confluence of two great rivers, the Ebro and the Segre, through the memories of its inhabitants. This avalanche of memories piles up until the 20th century, and is provoked by the construction of a reservoir and the imminent flooding of the town. The book also contains some reflections about history, memory, fiction and about the lies they all involve. The general tone is nostalgic, without being bitter, but some of the personalities and situations are also comic. It evokes: - the hypocrisy and cruelty of human relations in a town in which everyone knows everybody - the influence of history -the First World War in Europe and the Spanish Civil War- on the history of the town, - the economic system at work in the town and the Ebro valley. La galeria de les estàtues (The Statue Gallery) (1992) Unlike the other two novels, La galeria de les estàtues is set mainly in the fictional town of Torrelloba rather than in Mequinenza. It relates the tragic story of Dalmau Campells and his family during the tension and repression of Francoist Spain. Estremida memòria (Shaken Memory) (1997) This novel revolves around events that shook the community of Mequinenza in 1877, when four of the townspeople were executed for murder and robbery. More than a hundred years later, the community is still wounded by the legacy of what happened, as becomes clear when a writer finds a report of the events written at the time by a local court scribe. As he investigates further in order to write a book about what happened, he finds that he has disturbed the past and angered some of the present-day residents of Mequinenza who would rather have left the episode safely buried in the past. Short stories Històries de la mà esquerra i altres narracions (Stories of the Left Hand) (1981) El cafè de la granota (The Frog Café) (1985) Calaveres atònites (Astonished Skulls), collection of short, humorous stories. The action takes place in post-war Mequinenza) (1999) Riada (2000) Contes (compilation of his first three books of short stories) (2001) Cabòries estivals i altres proses volanderes (2003) Quotes about their work "Moncada blends the real and the fantastic in the manner of Gabriel García Márquez, and his episodic style may remind some readers of the Colombian novelist's treatment of events in the town of Macondo in One Hundred Years of Solitude. Such a comparison is not mere reviewers' hyperbole: this is a rich, humorous and moving novel, sensitively translated into English, which should herald a glittering future for its author." (Euan Cameron. "Rich view from the banks of the Ebro", Review of The Towpath, The European)	Jesús Moncada
Celtic TV is the official Internet channel of Celtic F.C. It was a television channel until 2009 but was relaunched online, replacing Channel 67. History Launched in 2004, Celtic TV was operated by the Irish company Setanta Sports and was available on satellite and cable platforms in the UK and Ireland until the demise of the pay television operator's UK operation on 23 June 2009, resulting in all of the Setanta run-channels including Celtic TV and its Old Firm counterpart Rangers TV, being closed (with the latter since reopening). After Setanta Sports entered administration and ceased all broadcasting on its core channels and the channels were closed, Celtic announced that Celtic TV has ceased broadcasting and the channel would not return until a deal with a new rights holder was struck. In 2011, it returned as an Internet-only channel, replacing Channel 67 under the Celtic TV name. The channel is 100% owned by the club. See also The Celtic View, the club's official magazine Notes and references	Celtic TV
Alan Bowne (1945–1989) was an American playwright and author. He was a member of the New Dramatists. He wrote a number of plays including Beirut, Forty-Deuce, Sharon and Billy, and The Beany and Cecil Show, many of which are available from Broadway Play Publishing Inc. He also wrote one novel Wally Wonderstruck. He died of complications related to AIDS at the age of 44. Perhaps his most famous and enduring work, "Beirut" is a one-act play that tells the allegorical story of a heterosexual couple dealing with a mysterious disease that ravages dystopian New York. This fictional disease presumably represented the real HIV/AIDS epidemic of the 1980s. Bowne's play Beirut was adapted to the 1993 TV movie Daybreak starring Cuba Gooding Jr and Moira Kelly.	Alan Bowne
Pichichi may refer to Pichichi (footballer) (1892–1922), Spanish footballer Pichichi Trophy – a trophy named in honour of the above awarded to the top goalscorer in Spain's La Liga each season fr:Meilleurs buteurs du championnat d'Espagne de football#Classement des Pichichi par saison	Pichichi
The Valdayka () is a river in Valdaysky District of Novgorod Oblast and in Bologovsky District of Tver Oblast in Russia. It is a tributary of Lake Piros and belongs to the basin of the river Msta. It is long, and the area of its basin . The Valdayka flows over the Valdai Hills and is a part of the waterway from Lake Valdayskoye to Lake Ilmen. The source of the Valdayka is in Lake Uzhin, close to the town of Valday. The river flows north-east to Lake Piros. It runs through a number of lakes long and wide, in particular, Lake Zakidovskoye and Lake Plotichno. The Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway crosses the Valdayka close to the village of Lykoshino. Since the Berezayka flows through the Lake Piros, the Valdayka is considered its tributary. As many rivers in the Valdai Hills, it is a popular rafting route.	Valdayka
Jondi & Spesh is an American, San Francisco-based dance music production and DJ duo, composed of J.D. Moyer (Jondi) and Stephen Kay (Spesh). They have founded their own record label, Loöq Records, and are the hosts of Qoöl, a weekly progressive dance music "happy hour" in San Francisco. Jondi & Spesh have contributed several songs to the DDR Ultramix and UNIVERSE series for the Xbox. Their "Super-Max-Me" mix of the popular DDR song "MAX 300" can be found on arcade versions. Discography Albums 1998 – Tubedrivers 2000 – We are Connected 2004 – The Answer	Jondi & Spesh
"Paroles, paroles" (; "Words, words") is a song by French singer Dalida featuring French actor Alain Delon. It was released on 17 January 1973 as the lead single from her upcoming album Julien (1973). Lyrics describe the conversation of a man offering a woman caramels, bonbons et chocolat followed with shower of compliments, to what she says they mean nothing to her because they are just paroles – empty words. The song achieved big success in France and internationally, especially in Japan and Mexico, becoming one of the most recognizable French songs of all time. The first video clip was released in 2019, over 46 years after the songs's release. "Paroles, paroles" was composed by Gianni Ferrio and its lyrics written by . It is a cover of an Italian duet by singer Mina and Alberto Lupo. Dalida's release sparked numerous covers in various languages, mostly thanks to her international career. The song was an unavoidable part of her repertoire, carrying her on tours in Europe, Japan, Latin America, the Arab world and the Francophone countries of Africa. Today it is regarded as Dalida's signature song and one of the classics of French chanson. While the expression paroles, paroles entered everyday language, immediately upon its release it was picked up by French politicians, and is ever since "used to evoke those who make promises and never hold them". Background and recording In early 1972, composer Gianni Ferrio and lyricists Leo Chiosso and wrote the song "Parole, parole" in Italian. It was created as a new opening theme for popular prime time Italian TV show Teatro 10, to which they were soundtrack creators. The show's hosts, singer Mina and actor Alberto Lupo, were the first to record it, and it was released in April of the same year. The song was a hit in Italy. Dalida's brother and producer Orlando was in Italy at the time and noticed the song. He met the rights holder and offered Dalida to record her version, and she liked the idea. For the male voice, Dalida decided herself that she would ask Alain Delon, her friend of 17 years. He was delighted with the offer and immediately accepted. In 2011, Delon revealed that in the 1960s they had a romance that no one knew about but them. Orlando asked the young writer to write the words because she, like Dalida, was born in Egypt and would understand Dalida's Italian accent. She accepted with satisfaction and Delon especially liked her text, as did Dalida, who wanted minor changes, which did not happen due to Michaële insistence. The music was recorded separately from the vocals. Orlando and Guy Motta, Dalida's longtime concert conductor, made a complete remake of the instrumental, leaning towards Bossa nova. The vocals were also recorded separately. In Studio Des Dames, Dalida first recorded her part. Then Delon turned off the lights, asked for a stool and, while looking at Dalida in the dark, gave his answer to the soundtrack. Alain Delon said in 2006 that by the end of the song, as he repeated the lyrics "que tu est belle" (how beautiful you are), Dalida was constantly laughing. He recalled telling her: "I'm not telling you 'how beautiful you are' because those are the lyrics, but because you are beautiful!" Mastering was led by Jean-Pierre Dupuy. In 2021. documentary "Archives secrètes", Orlando revealed that in the studio, after everyone had recorded their part, he asked Dalida and Delon to sing the song together, out of pleasure. He recalls: "There was a complicity that was not present when they recorded each their voices separately. I remember I watched out very much during the montage thinking on their "live performance" they improvised together." Release and reception "Paroles, paroles" was released in France on a 18 cm (7") single under catalog number IS 45 711 of Dalida's private label International Shows, and distributed by Sonopresse. The B-side of the single is "Pour ne pas vivre seul". In other states it was released over the next few months, in Japan in April. Principality of releases have the same cover, with uncredited photos that were shot in her house garden on Montmartre. The photos were shot during the occasion that spawned one of the most iconic images of France in 1970s; "Dalida and Delon in rue d'Orchampt". Editions have translations of titles by country languages and font adjustments. Dutch and Argentinian releases feature completely different cover photos. Japanese release features the closeup of the main cover image, while the B-side is changed to "Une vie". Its 1980 re-edition changes B-side to "J'attendrai". Also a Japanese EP was published, with 3 other songs alongside "Paroles, paroles" and a cover photo that is closeup of verso cover from French release. The song was an international hit and a huge sales success. It topped of various charts or hit parades. About half a million copies sold in France, over 200,000 in Japan and hundreds of thousands more in other countries. Equally a great success at Dalida's concerts where it was received by the audience. In her 1974 series of concert at Olympia, Delon's voice was replaced by stars of the time; Mike Brant, Ringo, Claude Francois and Patrick Juvet, while video of them was projected behind Dalida. She prevented by touring Lebanon in January, and he with the filming of Two Men in Town, they never performed the song together on TV. Dalida made 2 appearances alone on TV in 1973, once only in the room and the second time a sketch in the telephone booth as if talking to Delon, while his videos are being shown. With Roger Pierre, she made a sketch of a funny nature in 1973. In 1983, she performed it with for her episode, which is the only time "Paroles, paroles" was performed solely by women. Other languages Dalida recorded the song in German twice, first in 1973 with Friedrich Schütter, and in 1984 with Harald Juhnke. Both songs were of minimal success. Cover versions After the success of Mina exclusively in Italy, in 1972 several Spanish and Portuguese covers appeared which did not achieve success. The Italian version received three little-noticed covers, the first in 1991. After Dalida released her song in 1973, a few covers in other languages appeared in countries where Dalida was popular, for example in Turkey 1975; Ajda Pekkan who made a string of Dalida's covers, Japan; Akiko Nakamura, and the Netherlands. Dalida's song was covered in French several times and also performed live on TV by Celine Dion and Delon himself in 1997. In 2021, Jarvis Cocker released a cover version on his album Chansons d'Ennui Tip-Top. Legacy Over time, the song gained enormous significance in the world as one of the few most famous French songs. The title itself has settled into the collective unconscious and has become a formula used in everyday language to denote those who speak empty words. Deeply rooted in France, "Paroles, paroles" is unvoidable to be quoted by politicians in response to the shallow promises of their opposition, or even to be sang like Marine Le Pen did in 2012. In the same time, the song is comedians' favorite material for mocking politicians. In 2004, the song was used for a national energy campaign in France. The hit song "Dalida", by Algerian rapper Soolking, released in 2018, features sample of "Paroles, paroles". The only official video clip of "Paroles, paroles" was released on February 25, 2019. That was followed with a 12" maxi-single picture disc, released on 13 September 2019. Trivia The single was released on Dalida's 40th birthday. Alberto Lupo hosted the 1967 Partitissima, which was won by Dalida, and he starred opposite her in the 1968 Italian film Io ti amo. The 2019 release features, at the end of the song, Delon's voice taken from an TV emission aired on 24 November 2018, where he expresses his love and memory of Dalida. Formats and track listings Personnel Credits adapted from liner notes. Guy Motta and his orchestra – conducting Jean-Pierre Dupuy – music recorded by Orlando – producing and artistic realisation Gianni Ferrio – composer – lyricist Charts	Paroles, paroles
was a Japanese poet and a leading figure among Japanese authors of children's books during the Shōwa period. Early life Junichi Yoda was born in 1905 in Setaka (now Miyama), Fukuoka, the second son of Yotarō Asayama and Sue, and was adopted as the heir of the Yodas, relatives of the Asayamas. Literary career While teaching at elementary schools in Chikugo, Yoda studied under Kitahara Hakushū. Then he went to Tokyo and became an editor of Akai Tori (Red Bird), an influential children's literature magazine which Miekichi Suzuki published and where Nankichi Niimi was active at that time. In 1929, Yoda published his first book for children, Flag, Bee, and Cloud (『旗・蜂・雲』). From 1950 to 1960 Yoda gave lectures on children's literature at Japan Women's University. In 1962 he became the chairman of the Japanese Association of Writers for Children. He was awarded the Sankei Juvenile Literature Publishing Culture Award for the Complete Works of Junichi Yoda (『与田凖一全集』) in 1967 and the Noma Juvenile Literature Prize for Noyuki Yamayuki (『野ゆき山ゆき』) in 1973. Michio Mado and Kimiko Aman were his pupils. Works "A Goat and a Dish" 『山羊とお皿』 "12 Stumps" 『十二の切株』 "Bippu and the Town Mayor" 『びっぷとちょうちょう』 "A Song of Playing with a Ball Hitting with the Hand" 『てまりのうた』 "The Complete Works of Junichi Yoda" 『与田凖一全集』 Yoda Junichi Memorial Museum in Miyama Fukuoka http://www.library.miyama.fukuoka.jp/yoda/ 1905 births 1997 deaths People from Miyama, Fukuoka Japanese male poets Writers from Fukuoka Prefecture 20th-century Japanese poets 20th-century Japanese male writers	Jun'ichi Yoda
The National Development Finance Corporation (NDFC) was a corporation owned by the Government of Pakistan, with the original main purpose of providing financing to public enterprises. Later its objectives were expanded to also provide financing to private enterprises as well. It was created in 1973 through an Act passed by the Parliament of Pakistan, under the premiership of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. It was amalgamated into the National Bank of Pakistan, by the regime of General Pervez Musharraf in 2001.	National Development Finance Corporation
The Montenegrin Littoral (), historically known as the Littoral or the Maritime, is the littoral or coastline region of Montenegro which borders the Adriatic Sea. The littoral was lost to Austria and Turkey during its collapse due to Ottoman invasion - but it was regained in 1878 (Turkish-occupied portion) and 1918 (Austrian-occupied portion) following the Serbian-Montenegrin victories in the Russo-Turkish War and World War 1 respectively. Geography Kotor is part of the World Heritage Site dubbed the Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor. History Middle Ages The region was part of Serbia in the Middle Ages. With the fall of the Serbian Empire, most of it was subsequently part of the Serbian Despotate. Zeta, in the hands of the Crnojevići lost its status of independent state, though vassal of Ottoman Empire, when it was added to territory of Sanjak of Scutari in 1499. In 1514 this territory was separated from the Sanjak of Scutari and established as separate Sanjak of Montenegro, under the rule of Skenderbeg Crnojević. When he died in 1528, the Sanjak of Montenegro was joined to the Sanjak of Scutari, as a unique administrative unit with certain degree of autonomy. The Republic of Venice had greatly expanded under the years (see Venetian Albania). Modern history The westernmost parts of the coastline were conquered by Napoleonic France in 1810. It was organized into the Cattaro subdélégation of the Illyrian Provinces (1811). In 1815 the same parts were taken by the Habsburg monarchy, and organized into Kingdom of Dalmatia. Municipalities The region includes following municipalities: Herceg Novi Municipality Tivat Municipality Kotor Municipality Budva Municipality Bar Municipality Ulcinj Municipality Gallery See also Montenegro	Montenegrin Littoral
The Chapin Sisters are an American folk rock and harmony duo from Brooklyn, New York. The band consists of sisters Abigail and Lily Chapin, and formerly their half-sister Jessica Craven. Their sound blurs the lines between old-time Appalachian music, classic country-rock and pop. Early life Abigail and Lily were born in Brooklyn, New York, and grew up in the Hudson Valley. They sang professionally from an early age, first on their dad Tom Chapin's children's records, which led to jobs on other children's records, including the Olsen Twins' "Brother for Sale" and "I Am the Cute One". They also sang onstage in benefit and tribute concerts honoring their uncle, the late singer and activist Harry Chapin, along with other members of their family, including cousin Jen Chapin and their half-sister Jessica Craven. By 2004 Abigail, Lily, and Jessica had relocated to Los Angeles (Lily Chapin was working on a film directed by Barbara Kopple). They began their band at the urging of their half-brother Jonathan Craven who arranged for them to record at the home studio of Michael Fitzpatrick (of the band Fitz and the Tantrums). Before they had ever played a show together or considered themselves a band, their slow, acoustic version of Britney Spears's song "Toxic" gained attention and radio play around the country. Following this unexpected success, The Chapin Sisters began to play concerts in Los Angeles, and the sisters also started writing music together—songs that would eventually become their first full-length album. The Lake Bottom LP Spurred by the sudden interest in their singing abilities, they put together a collection of songs and, on March 18, 2008, they released their debut full-length album Lake Bottom LP on the Plain Recordings label. Initially the album was only released as a vinyl record but a compact disc version soon followed. Many of the music reviews by critics were positive. According to popmatters.com, "they haunt the interstices of folk, pop, and blues, and play seductive games with the knife-edge of heartache. Their soft harmonies and dark sidelong lyrics fit perfectly into a new folk aesthetic that is more twisted than freaky," and "their music blends the harmonies of traditional sister-acts with a modern lyrical sensibility." FLAVORPILL of San Francisco wrote "The one virtue the Chapin Sisters shares with classic sister acts of old becomes apparent when they sing together: that shiver of spotless, familial unity that makes every syllable woundingly poignant." 2010, the departure of Jessica, and Two In early 2010 Jessica took a "leave of absence" and left the band to spend time with her newborn baby, and Lily and Abigail, now a duo, set out on tour with the folk pop duo She & Him (consisting of M. Ward and actress Zooey Deschanel) singing back-up vocals and opening many of the shows as well. In April 2010 The Chapin Sisters released a five-song EP called "Oh Hear the Wind Blow," which was recorded live in the studio with Dan Horne as engineer and bass player, and Aaron Sperske on drums. On September 14, 2010, Abigail and Lily released their second full-length album "Two" on their own label, Lake Bottom Records. The album was produced by the sisters, along with Louie Stephens of Rooney and Jesse Lee of Gang Gang Dance. A Date with the Everly Brothers On April 23, 2013, A Date With the Everly Brothers was released as a full-length album tribute to The Everly Brothers. It was funded via a successful Kickstarter campaign that ended up raising over 150% of the band's goal. Today's Not Yesterday In October 2015, the band announced on their website and via Kickstarter that they would release their full-length album titled Today's Not Yesterday, composed of original songs. The 12-song album was recorded in Los Angeles at Jonathan Wilson's Five-Star studio with the help of producers Dan Horne and Jesse Lee. Discography Studio records Featured appearances	Chapin Sisters
Maxime "Superstar" Talbot (born February 11, 1984) is a Canadian-American former professional ice hockey centre who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Pittsburgh Penguins, Philadelphia Flyers, Colorado Avalanche and Boston Bruins. He was drafted into the NHL out of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) by the Pittsburgh Penguins, 234th overall, in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. He led the Hull/Gatineau Olympiques to back-to-back President's Cups while earning the Guy Lafleur Trophy as playoff MVP both years. During the 2009 Stanley Cup Finals against the Detroit Red Wings, while still playing for Pittsburgh, Talbot scored his team's only two goals in Pittsburgh's 2–1 victory over Detroit in the series-deciding Game 7, securing the Penguins' Stanley Cup championship win. Talbot finished his career playing three seasons in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) for Lokomotiv Yaroslavl and Avangard Omsk. Playing career Amateur Talbot was selected by the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL)'s Rouyn-Noranda Huskies in the first round of the 2000 QMJHL Draft. At the league trade deadline that year, Talbot was traded to the Hull Olympiques in exchange for Alexandre Giroux. Talbot completed his major junior rookie season with a combined 37 points between the two teams. Before the start of the 2002–03 season, Talbot was named team captain for the Olympiques and finished the year with a major junior career-high 46 goals and 104 points in 69 games, good for fifth in QMJHL scoring and for QMJHL Second All-Star Team honours. In the playoffs that year, he led the league in scoring with 44 points in 20 games as he captained the Olympiques to a QMJHL Championship, also earning the Guy Lafleur Trophy as playoff MVP in the process. Playing the Ontario Hockey League (OHL)'s Kitchener Rangers in the final of the subsequent 2003 Memorial Cup, they were defeated 6–3. In the 2003–04 season, Talbot finished third in scoring in the QMJHL with 98 points (25 goals and 73 assists) in 51 games as the team became the Gatineau Olympiques through the amalgamation of Hull into the City of Gatineau. He led the team to a second consecutive QMJHL championship while again being named playoff MVP and leading the league in playoff scoring for the second-straight year. He was the first to earn back-to-back Guy Lafleur Trophies since Marc Saumier in 1987 and 1988. However, the Olympiques were defeated for the second-straight year in the Memorial Cup Final, losing 2–1 to the Western Hockey League (WHL)'s Kelowna Rockets. Pittsburgh Penguins As the 2004–05 season approached, Talbot was signed by the Pittsburgh Penguins and was assigned to make his professional debut with the team's American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins. He was assigned to various linemates and was placed in many role playing opportunities. He did not have the offensive power in the AHL, however, that he did in the QMJHL, but nonetheless Talbot showed quality traits in other aspects of the game as he finished his debut season with 19 points (7 goals and 12 assists) in 75 games. With an impressive training camp, Talbot made the Penguins' opening roster for the 2005–06 season, making his NHL debut against the New Jersey Devils. He scored his first career NHL goal on October 14, 2005, from centre ice against the Philadelphia Flyers. His primary role during his rookie season was that of a penalty killer. He would later be sent down to the AHL after 48 games in the NHL, during which time he recorded eight points (five goals and three assists). Talbot did not start the 2006–07 season in the NHL but was recalled by Pittsburgh on October 24, 2006, just five games into the AHL season. He would play that same night against New Jersey. Talbot continued to play a key role on the penalty kill, recording four short-handed goals to go with a season total of 24 points (13 goals and 11 assists). Talbot scored four goals in the first five games of the 2007–08 season. He was the part of an on-ice prank on December 1, 2007, when he briefly donned the jersey of teammate Sidney Crosby during an optional practice that Crosby had chosen to skip. He initially drew a large cheer from the crowd in Toronto before they realized the jersey switch. In Game 3 of the 2008 Eastern Conference Quarterfinals, Talbot scored a backhand goal against Ottawa Senators goaltender Martin Gerber less than five minutes after the Senators had taken the lead in that game. In the Conference Finals against the Philadelphia Flyers, Talbot scored the game-winning goal in the third period of Game 2. He did this in his first game back from a broken foot that had sidelined him for the previous four playoff games. In Game 5 of the 2008 Stanley Cup Finals against the Detroit Red Wings, he scored the tying goal with 35 seconds remaining, allowing the Penguins to score in triple overtime to force a Game 6. Midway through the final year of his initial contract with the Penguins, 2008–09, on December 19, 2008, Talbot signed a new two-year contract with Pittsburgh through to the end of the 2010–11 season. The Penguins returned to the Stanley Cup Finals for the second consecutive year against Detroit. Talbot scored both of the Penguins' goals in the seventh and deciding game of the series to capture Pittsburgh's third Stanley Cup. For the 2009–10 season, Talbot served as the Penguins' representative to the National Hockey League Players' Association (NHLPA), a position he took over from Matt Cooke. While playing for the Penguins, Talbot has appeared in numerous television commercials, including Valley Pool and Spa, City of Champions Crunch cereal (which featured Talbot on one side of the box and Pittsburgh Steeler Hines Ward on the other) and three commercials for Pittsburgh A&L Motor Sales (these A&L commercials have earned him the nickname "Superstar"). He also appeared in a Reebok commercial with teammate Sidney Crosby, which aired during the 2010 NHL Winter Classic. While promoting the 2011 NHL Winter Classic, Talbot called-out Washington Capitals captain Alexander Ovechkin during an interview with a Pittsburgh radio station, calling him "a real douche". Philadelphia Flyers and Colorado Avalanche After being unable to come to terms with the Penguins on a new contract, Talbot signed a five-year, $8.75 million contract with the Penguins' in-state rival Philadelphia Flyers on July 1, 2011. On December 29, 2011, during a 4–2 Philadelphia victory, Talbot scored an empty net goal in his first game back in Pittsburgh against the Penguins since signing with the Flyers. He would finish his first season in Philadelphia appearing in 81 regular season games, scoring 19 goals and 15 assists for a total of 34 points; all three statistics were NHL career-highs for Talbot. Talbot and the Flyers would ultimately face the Penguins in the Eastern Conference Quarterfinals of the 2012 playoffs, a series that saw the Flyers defeat the Penguins in six games. Talbot scored four goals during the series, two of which were short-handed. After the first month of the 2013–14 season with the Flyers, on October 31, 2013, Talbot was traded to the Colorado Avalanche in exchange for Steve Downie. On December 6, 2013, Talbot scored his first Avalanche goal in a 3–2 win over the Calgary Flames. Boston Bruins With the Avalanche on the outside of the 2015 playoff picture, Talbot was traded at the NHL trade deadline on March 2, 2015, (along with Paul Carey) to the Boston Bruins in exchange for Jordan Caron and a sixth-round pick in the 2016 NHL Entry Draft. On December 21, 2015, the NHL announced that it was suspending Talbot for two games because of a hit on New Jersey Devils forward Jiří Tlustý in a game played the day prior. Kontinental Hockey League At the conclusion of his contract with the Bruins, and as an impending free agent, Talbot opted to continue his playing career abroad in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), agreeing to a one-year deal with Russian club Lokomotiv Yaroslavl on May 27, 2016. Talbot played two seasons with Lokomotiv before leaving as a free agent and signing a one-year contract on August 25, 2018, to remain in the KHL with Avangard Omsk for the 2018–19 season. International play Talbot helped Canada win a silver medal as an alternate captain during the 2004 World Junior Championships held in Helsinki. In 2016, Talbot was a member of Team Canada at the 2016 Deutschland Cup. Personal life Talbot's father, Serge, is a construction worker; his mother Lucie is a high school teacher. Talbot has two older brothers, Will and Frank. Talbot married Canadian former figure skating champion Cynthia Phaneuf on July 11, 2014. The couple have three children. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International Awards and honours	Maxime Talbot
Pitch Black is a New Zealand electronica duo from Auckland. History Mike and Paddy met in 1996. Since then they have released five albums, four remix albums and been on six world tours. Their debut album, Futureproof, released in August 1998, rose to the top of the New Zealand electronic charts, despite no marketing or advertising. Their second album, Electronomicon, followed in September 2000, and led to a 30-date tour of New Zealand and Australia. Both albums spawned remix projects, featuring mixes by local bands International Observer, Epsilon-Blue and Downtown Brown. Their third album, Ape to Angel, released in New Zealand on 4 October 2004, gained critical acclaim. The "Ape to Angel" tour was the biggest to date, with 42 shows across the world, including their debut performances in United States. The remixes of this came out in New Zealand and Australia under the name "Halfway: between Ape and Angel" and in Europe and America as "Frequencies Fall". Their fourth studio album was "Rude Mechanicals", released in 2007: it came out on the band's own label, Remote Recordings, in Australia and New Zealand; on the Wakyo label in Japan; and on Dubmission Records elsewhere in the world. The remixes of this album came out as "Rhythm, Sound and Movement" in May 2009. On June 13, 2011, they released "Rarities + Remixes", a collection of their remixes of other artists plus three original tracks. The fifth Pitch Black record "Filtered Senses" came out on 2 September 2016, and was followed by a remix collection, "Invisible Circuits", on 7 July 2017. Their sixth studio album "Third Light" was released on 13 September 2019 and followed with a tour of New Zealand in October and Europe in November. A remix collection, "The Light Within", dropped on 10 July 2020. On March 18, 2022, they released "Mixes + Mavericks", a collection of their remixes of other artists plus two live tracks and two studio anomalies. Pitch Black songs have been used on a variety of international film and media, such as Whale Rider and CSI: Miami. Also they have worked with Metia Interactive's Cube game for the PlayStation Portable, designing sound, and contributing music. Discography Featured appearances The group have appeared on several compilations and soundtracks since their inception onto the New Zealand music scene. The following is a list of these albums that have featured tracks by Pitch Black: 1999 – The Gathering (record label unknown) – "Alternate State" 2000 – The Gathering 2000 (record label unknown) – "Melt" 2001 – Loop 13 CD.08 (Loop Recordings) – "Soliton" 2001 – Loop Select 002 (Loop Recordings) – "Unadrummer" (Sunshine Sound System Remix) (remixed by Downtown Brown) 2001 – Snakeskin OST (Mana Music) – "Data Diviner" 2001 – The Gathering 3 (Virgin Records) – "Reptile Room" 2002 – Loop 003 (Loop Recordings) – "Electric Earth" (DC Mix) 2002 – The Gathering 2002 (Loop Recordings) – "Unadrummer" (Sunshine Sound System Remix) (remixed by Downtown Brown) 2002 – The Green Room 001 (Loop Recordings) – "Speech" (White Amplitude Mix) (remixed by International Observer) 2004 – The Green Room 003 (Loop Recordings) – "Lost in Translation" 2005 – Kaikoura Roots Festival 22005 (Dub Conspiracy) – "Elements Turn" 2006 – TFM 2006 (Living Works Trust) – "Lost in Translation"	Pitch Black (band)
Novi Pazar Municipality () is a municipality (obshtina) in Shumen Province, Northeastern Bulgaria, located between Ludogorie and Provadia Plateau, not far from South Dobrudzha geographical region. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Novi Pazar. The municipality embraces a territory of with a population of 18,476 inhabitants, as of December 2009. The southernmost part of the area is crossed by the eastern operating section of Hemus motorway which is planned to connect the port of Varna with the country capital – Sofia. Settlements Novi Pazar Municipality includes the following 16 places (towns are shown in bold): Demography The following table shows the change of the population during the last four decades. Ethnic composition According to the 2011 census, among those who answered the optional question on ethnic identification, the ethnic composition of the municipality was the following: See also Provinces of Bulgaria Municipalities of Bulgaria List of cities and towns in Bulgaria	Novi Pazar Municipality
Biskupnica railway station is a railway station serving the village of Biskupnica, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. The station is located on the Chojnice–Runowo Pomorskie railway. The train services are operated by Przewozy Regionalne. The station used to be known as Bischofswalde (Kr. Schlochau) when it was part of Germany. Train services The station is served by the following service(s): Regional services (R) Słupsk — Miastko — Szczecinek — Chojnice Regional services (R) Szczecinek — Chojnice	Biskupnica railway station
Castlefin (), sometimes spelt Castlefinn, is a market town and townland in the Finn Valley of County Donegal in Ulster, the northern province in Ireland. It is located between Ballybofey and Lifford in East Donegal and, , the population was 705. The River Finn flows by the town. The town is located in along the main N15 national primary road, which runs from Bundoran to Lifford. The town lies 6 miles from Lifford and 8 miles from the twin towns of Ballybofey and Stranorlar. It has close links to Letterkenny, to the twin towns of Ballybofey and Stranorlar, and to West Tyrone in Northern Ireland, especially with the towns of Strabane and Castlederg. Amenities The pubs in the town include McBride's, at the foot of the Long Brae beside the main road between Lifford and Ballybofey, as well as Tinney's Bar and Lynch's Tavern (aka Skins). The five housing estates in the town are called the Emmett Park built in the 1980s Sessaigh Park built in the 2000s, Caislean Court built in the 1990s, Hillhead built in the 1970s and Grahamsland built in the 1950s. The town centre is located around the Diamond area, which is where three routes merge. The Diamond has landscaped seating and planting areas, and the surrounding area also has a number of buildings that are included on the Record of Protected Structures. The town has a number of retail, commercial, religious, economic, social and recreational amenities. Castlefinn also serves as a focus of primary education for the surrounding rural areas. The local national school has a large catchment area and currently has 180+ pupils attending. The town also has a pre-school. The town centre has a number of amenities including retail outlets, grocery stores, a petrol station, post office, butchers, take-aways, public houses and some hairdressers. The town also has a recycling facility that is located on the Castlederg road beside the bridge. The C.P.I center is used for football, parties, computing and the youth club. Holmes' Coaches is the main transport for the schools, and Castlefinn Cabs and Bus Hire is a local taxi company. There is a local GAA club (Robert Emmetts) and a soccer field (Castlefinn Celtic). Castlefinn is also the home of Finn Valley Radio which broadcasts on 95.8FM locally and online. The station holds a community licence and its studios are located at the CPI Centre. Schools Local schools include St Mary's National School, Scoil Náisiúnta Domhnach Mór (Liscooley) and St. Safan's (Scoil Náisiúnta Naomh Samhthann, Drumdoit). Transport Castlefinn railway station opened on 7 September 1863, but finally closed on 1 January 1960. A number of buses pass through Castlefinn on a daily basis going to Letterkenny, Derry, Strabane, Dublin, Sligo and Galway. Politics Castlefin is in the Donegal constituency for Dáil elections. There are currently five TDs for this constituency, Pearse Doherty and Padraig MacLochlainn (Sinn Féin), Charlie McConalogue (Fianna Fáil), Thomas Pringle (Independent) and Joe McHugh, (Fine Gael). The town is in the Lifford-Stranorlar Municipal District for local elections to Donegal County Council. The six Councillors elected to represent the area are Gary Doherty and Liam Doherty (Sinn Féin), Patrick McGowan and Gerry Crawford (Fianna Fáil), Martin Harley (Fine Gael) and Frank McBrearty (Independent). Notable people Seán Reid, Musician Sandy Harper, Donegal GAA Andy Curran, Donegal GAA Gary Doherty, Politician Matt McGranaghan, Musician See also List of populated places in the Republic of Ireland	Castlefin
is an autobahn in southwestern Germany. It connects the Mainz area to Kaiserslautern and the A 6 and is therefore an important connection between the Rhine/Main and the Saar areas. It was constructed during the 1980/90s and finished in : last section Sembach to Kaiserslautern. Historically an uninterrupted Autobahn, one final section was added between Sembach and Kaiserslautern at the current site of the Dreieck Kaiserslautern/KL-Zentrum Ausfahrt. This relieved the heavy traffic on the two lane Bundesstraße 40. Exit list , connection to \|}	Bundesautobahn 63
Joel T. Johnson (born July 9, 1936) was a Nebraska state senator from Kearney, Nebraska, in the Nebraska Legislature and a retired general surgeon. Personal life He was born on July 9, 1936, in St. Paul, Minnesota and graduated from Axtell High School in 1954, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in 1958, and the University of Nebraska Medical Center in 1961 with an M.D. From 1966 to 1968 he was in the U.S. Navy. He is currently a member of the American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, and First Lutheran Church of Kearney and a former member of the Kearney Area Chamber of Commerce. State legislature He was appointed to the Nebraska legislature by Governor Mike Johanns on July 1, 2002, to replace Doug Kristensen who had resigned. He was then elected in 2002 to represent the 37th Nebraska legislative district and reelected in 2004. He sat on the Banking, Commerce and Insurance, and Health and Human Services committees.	Joel T. Johnson
Quinton Antoine McCracken (born August 16, 1970) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played all or parts of 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), and was the Tampa Bay Devil Rays franchise's first center fielder and batter on March 31, 1998. High school years McCracken attended South Brunswick High School and was the starting running back and the free safety in football, the starting point guard in basketball, in addition to being a baseball star and a track standout. As a senior in 1988 he led his baseball team to a 29–0 record and the state Championship. USA Today rated the team the fifth-best in the nation that year. Professional career After graduating from Duke University. McCracken was selected by the Colorado Rockies in their inaugural draft in 1992 in the 25th round. He made his major league debut as a September call up on September 17, 1995; in three games, he struck out in his only at bat. In 1996, he played mostly center field, batting .290 in 283 at-bats. In 1997, he stole a career-high 28 bases and increased his batting average to .292. McCracken was drafted by the expansion Tampa Bay Devil Rays on November 18, 1997, as their 2nd pick in the 1997 Major League Baseball expansion draft, to be their starting center fielder for 1998. Playing in a career-high 155 games, McCracken had his best-ever season, batting .292 with 7 home runs, 59 RBI, and was named the Devil Rays first-ever most valuable player. After playing only 40 games in 1999, because of a torn ACL, he spent most of 2000 in the minors with Triple-A Durham. The Devil Rays released him on November 27, 2000, and he signed with the St. Louis Cardinals on December 22, he was released in spring training. On April 13, 2001, McCracken signed with the Minnesota Twins. He again spent most of the year in Triple-A, where he batted .338 for Edmonton. He became a free agent after the season and on January 9, 2002, signed with the Arizona Diamondbacks. He spent the entire season with the major league club, hitting .309 as the Diamondbacks won the NL West. McCracken batted .364 in 11 at-bats against the St. Louis Cardinals in the NLDS, but the D-Backs were swept out of the playoffs by the Cardinals. His batting average dropped nearly 100 points in 2003 to .227. On December 15, 2003, he was traded to the Seattle Mariners for first baseman Greg Colbrunn. McCracken did not get much playing time with Seattle, however, and on June 9 he was released. Two days later, he re-signed with the D-Backs and batted .288 in 55 games. He became a free agent after the season and re-signed with Arizona. McCracken struggled with a .237 batting average in 2005, becoming a free agent after the season. On February 14, 2006, he signed with the Cincinnati Reds, but was released on July 6. The Minnesota Twins, after signing him to a minor league contract on July 21, announced at the end of the 2006 season that they would not re-sign McCracken after he had played for their Triple-A affiliate, the Rochester Red Wings. He was not picked up by another team, and signed on to play with the independent Bridgeport Bluefish of the Atlantic League. After one season in independent ball, McCracken played for the Dominican Winter Baseball League in late 2007 and retired. Post-playing career He joined the front office of the Diamondbacks in 2011, and moved to the Houston Astros in 2012. McCracken joined the Miami Marlins staff in a player development role in December 2017. In January 2019, he joined the Durham Bulls as a third-base coach in a return to the city where he attended college. Personal life Quinton married Maggie Moskal on January 29, 2005. The couple have a son Isaiah Cicero McCracken born July 7, 2009. Maggie McCracken is a cast member of VH1's Baseball Wives. The first episode aired November 30, 2011.	Quinton McCracken
Livia Turco (born 13 February 1955 in Cuneo) is an Italian politician, member of the Democratic Party. She was a member of parliament between 1987–2013. Turco was Minister of Social Affairs in three governments between 1996–2001, and Minister of Health between 2006–2008. Political career She came from a working-class background in Morozzo, Cuneo, and studied in Cuneo and Turin, where she began her political career with the Communist Party, becoming a deputy in 1987. Later, she was Director of the Communist Youth League, a regional councillor, and responsible for women in the local party federation. Following the dissolution of the Communist Party in 1991, she joined the Democratic Party of the Left, and then the Democrats of the Left, as a deputy in 1992–2001. From May 1996 to October 1998, she was Minister of Social Affairs (Solidarietà Sociale) in the first Prodi, and then the D'Alema (1998–2000) and Amato (2000–2001) governments. In 2000, she unsuccessfully ran for President of Piedmont, and was elected a senator for Piedmont in 2006. She then became Minister of Health in the second Prodi government (2006–2008). Following the fall of Prodi, she was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in April 2008 as a member of the center-left Democratic Party. Her name is attached to the 1998 immigration act known as Legge Turco-Napolitano (L. 40/98), as well as the 2000 parental leave and time regulation in cities act, also known as the Turco Act (Legge 53/2000). Honours and awards : Grand Cross Dame of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (27 December 2017)	Livia Turco
Lingarabay (also Lingerabay or Lingerbay; ) is a small coastal settlement on Harris, in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. It is located on the rocky east coast of South Harris, about northeast of Rodel. It was the subject of one of the area's longest controversies (see Harris Super Quarry). The original 'superquarry' planning application, submitted in 1991, was to extract 600 million tonnes of anorthosite rock over a period of 60 years, from Roineabhal, an isolated area of South Harris in the Western Isles. The proposal prompted numerous objections and led to the formation of a body called the Link Quarry Group (LQG). The Quarry Group was concerned about the quarry's location in a designated National Scenic Area, questions over the sustainability of extracting vast quantities of rock for use in motorway construction, the potential for marine pollution from the increased shipping traffic and impacts on the biodiversity of the area including a pair of golden eagles. Due to the concerns raised the Scottish Executive held a Public Local Inquiry in Stornoway, which ran over 9 months from October 1994 until June 1995. It was then a further four years before the recommendations from the inquiry were completed and submitted to the Scottish Executive. Finally, in November 2000 Sam Galbraith as Minister for Environment, Sport and Culture (including responsibility for Planning) turned down the application. In 2001, a second inquiry was held into the legal validity of a consent apparently granted in 1965. Scottish Ministers decide that a consent was granted for a small quarry rather than the large area claimed by the applicants. The applicants lodged an appeal with the Court of Session, arguing that no redetermination of the 1991 application should take place until this appeal was decided. In January 2004 the decision by Scottish Ministers, that the 1965 consent relates to a small area of quarrying activity was upheld. In April 2004 Lafarge decided to withdraw their 1991 application and announced their intention to drop their proposals for the site. As in several other environmental controversies in Scotland, the Ròineabhal question was argued on both sides by parties not resident in the country.	Lingarabay
Hara Berezaiti (), is a legendary mountain around which the stars and planets revolve in the Avestan language. In Iranian legend, it was on Hara Berezaiti that the hero Fereydun fettered Zahhak. See also *Harahvati Aredvi Sura Anahita, the source of all waters in the world that descends from the mythical Mount Hara. Airyanem Vaejah, the first of the lands created by Ahura Mazda.	Hara Berezaiti
The KL-51 is an off-line keyboard encryption system that read and punched paper tape for use with teleprinters. In NATO it was called RACE (Rapid Automatic Cryptographic Equipment). It was developed in the 1970s by a Norwegian company, Standard Telefon og Kabelfabrik (STK). It used digital electronics for encryption instead of rotors, and it may have been the first machine to use software based crypto algorithms. KL-51 is a very robust machine made to military specifications. U.S. National Security Agency bought it in the 1980s to replace the earlier KL-7. As of 2006, the U.S. Navy was developing plans to replace KL-51 units still in use with a unit based on a more modern Universal Crypto Device.	KL-51
Hadım Suleiman Pasha (; 1474–1490), also known as Suleiman Pasha al-Khadim, was an Ottoman statesman and general, who served as the governor (beylerbey) of the Rumelia Eyalet (fl. 1474) and the Anatolia Eyalet. He was later a governor of the Sanjak of Amasya (1482–90) and the Sanjak of Smederevo (1490–?). He served during the reign of Mehmed II. His epithet hadım means "eunuch" in Arabic, also used in old Osmanli language. He also led a huge Life Hadım Suleiman Pasha was born in Bosnia Eyalet. He was appointed the sanjak-bey of Albania during the reign of Mehmed the Conqueror (r. 1444–46, 1451–81). His office was brief, as contemporary sources attest that he was attacked and captured along with his retainers and servants and afterwards sold to a Catholic state (possibly Venice). In 1474, he besieged the Venetian-held Shkodër (see Siege of Shkodër). The fortress was defended by Albanians and one Venetian called Antonio Loredano The Ottoman troops managed to damage parts of the fortress, but ultimately failed and Suleyman had to satisfy himself with his pillage he got during the siege. In December he began a march against Stephen the Great of Moldavia, who refused to pay homage to the Sultan. Suleyman was reluctant in marching against Moldavia, as his troops were exhausted from the failed siege and as winter was approaching, but he couldn't dare to question the Sultan's decision. The two met on 10 January 1475, at the Battle of Vaslui. The Ottoman forces suffered a major defeat with high casualties. However, this defeat was re-compensated during next summer when the Ottomans led by Mehmet II defeated Stephen on 17 July 1476 at Valea Albă. Occupation of Bessarabia & vital port-fortresses of Chilia/Kilija & Akkerman (Asprokastron/Cetatea Alba) took place in August 1484. [1] In 1482, he was the governor of the Sanjak of Amasya, and then in the Sanjak of Smederevo in 1490, where he died.	Hadım Suleiman Pasha (governor of Rumelia)
Terry W. Virts (born December 1, 1967) is a retired NASA astronaut, International Space Station Commander and colonel in the United States Air Force. Background and education Virts was born in Baltimore, Maryland, but considers Columbia, Maryland, to be his hometown. He graduated from Oakland Mills High School in 1985. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics (with a French minor) from the United States Air Force Academy in 1989 and a Master of Aeronautical Science degree in aeronautics from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in 1997. While at the Air Force Academy, Virts attended the École de l'Air in 1988 on an exchange program. Military career Virts was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant upon graduation from the United States Air Force Academy in 1989 and earned his pilot wings at Williams Air Force Base, Arizona. He completed basic fighter lead-in training at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico followed by formal training in the F-16 Fighting Falcon with the 56th Tactical Fighter Wing at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida. He was then assigned to the 31st Tactical Fighter Wing at Homestead Air Force Base, Florida. After Hurricane Andrew struck southern Florida in 1992, his squadron was moved to Moody Air Force Base, Georgia. He was later assigned to the 36th Fighter Squadron at Osan Air Base, Republic of Korea, and the 22nd Fighter Squadron at Spangdahlem Air Base, Germany. Virts was selected for Test Pilot School in 1997 at Edwards Air Force Base, California. Following graduation, he was an Experimental Test Pilot at the F-16 Combined Test Force. He has logged more than 5,300 flight hours in 40 different aircraft. NASA career Terry Virts' NASA career spanned several pivotal roles and space missions, showcasing his dedication and expertise in the field of astronautics. In the year 2000, Virts achieved a significant milestone, when he was selected as a Space Shuttle pilot by NASA. His career was marked by a series of important technical assignments and mission roles. One of his notable assignments was serving as the lead astronaut for the NASA T-38 program, where he contributed to the training and preparation of fellow astronauts. Virts also played a crucial role as a member of the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL) test crew, participating in critical systems testing and integration efforts. In 2004, Virts supported Expedition 9 as a crew support astronaut, providing valuable assistance to the mission's crew members. Additionally, he took on the role of a Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM), acting as a vital link between ground control and astronauts in space. Virts' contributions extended to the Space Launch System (SLS) program, where he served as the lead astronaut, playing an instrumental role in the development and advancement of this vital component of NASA's future missions. On February 8, 2010, Terry Virts embarked on his maiden spaceflight as the pilot of STS-130 aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour. This historic mission marked the final assembly flight of the International Space Station and delivered the Tranquility module as well as the Cupola. The mission concluded with a safe landing on February 22, 2010. Following this achievement, Virts embarked on another journey. On November 23, 2014, he launched aboard Soyuz TMA-15M alongside fellow astronauts Samantha Cristoforetti and Anton Shkaplerov from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Their successful docking at the International Space Station approximately six hours later underscored Virts' adaptability and expertise in different spacecraft. In a unique moment during his time in space, on February 28, 2015, Virts paid tribute to the late Star Trek actor Leonard Nimoy, who portrayed Spock. He tweeted an image of himself from the International Space Station, striking the Vulcan salute—a gesture associated with Spock—as the ISS flew over Boston, MA, Nimoy's birthplace. With the impending departure of Soyuz TMA-14M in March 2015, Terry Virts assumed the role of the commander of the International Space Station, leading Expedition 43. This leadership position showcased his competence and ability to manage complex operations in the challenging environment of space. The Soyuz TMA-15M mission, commanded by Virts, concluded with a successful landing on June 11, 2015, in Kazakhstan, further adding to his list of space achievements. In August 2016, after a long career filled with contributions and space missions, Terry Virts retired from NASA, leaving behind a legacy of dedication in the realm of space exploration. His multifaceted career, marked by significant technical roles and missions, significantly contributed to NASA's mission success and the advancement of human spaceflight. Post-NASA career Following his career at NASA, Terry Virts embarked on a multifaceted post-astronaut journey that has seen him become a noticeable figure in the fields of public speaking, podcast appearances, including creating a podcast: "Down To Earth", business consultancy, literature, film-making, and screenwriting. Virts has extended his reach as a global public speaker, captivating audiences with his insights and experiences gained from his time in space and aviation exploration. In addition to his speaking engagements, Terry Virts has applied his expertise to the realm of business consultancy, offering valuable insights to various industries. He leverages his unique perspective as a former astronaut to provide innovative solutions and strategies for organizations seeking to navigate complex challenges. Virts has also made a significant impact as an author, and in the film world, demonstrating his versatility in the creative arts. He is actively involved in the development of literary and screen projects, contributing his expertise and storytelling prowess to various ventures. One notable achievement in Terry Virts' post-NASA career was his participation in a historic aviation expedition. In 2019, he was part of a pioneering crew of eight aviation explorers who successfully achieved the fastest circumnavigation of Earth via both geographic poles by airplane. This remarkable feat was accomplished on July 11, 2019, in a world-record time of 46 hours, 40 minutes, and 22 seconds. The exceptional accomplishment earned recognition from Guinness World Records and the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI), solidifying Virts' legacy in the annals of aviation history. Furthermore, Terry Virts made a notable appearance on "The Joe Rogan Experience." on December 11, 2020, where he engaged in a wide-ranging conversation, sharing his insights and experiences with a global audience through the podcast. Awards and honors Terry Virts' notable achievements and awards encompass a distinguished career in both the military and space exploration. He earned his academic credentials with distinction from renowned institutions, including the United States Air Force Academy and Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. Moreover, his military training was marked by excellence, as he graduated as a distinguished student from Undergraduate Pilot Training at Williams Air Force Base, in Arizona and successfully completed F-16 training at MacDill Air Force Base in Florida. Throughout his military service, Terry Virts received several prestigious decorations and medals in recognition of his outstanding contributions and service. These include: Meritorious Service Medal: Awarded for exceptional meritorious service, highlighting Virts' dedication and commitment during his military career. Air Medal: Recognizing his courageous actions and exceptional achievements in aerial combat or significant flight operations. Aerial Achievement Medal: Commending his exceptional accomplishments in aerial flight missions, displaying his remarkable skills and expertise. Air Force Commendation Medal: Acknowledging his commendable performance and meritorious service in the United States Air Force. In addition to his military accolades, Terry Virts left his mark on space history as a member of Expedition 42 aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Notably, the European Space Agency commissioned Lego mini-figures to honor the crew members of Expedition 42, including Terry Virts, Samantha Cristoforetti, and Anton Shkaplerov. The mini-figures symbolize their significant contributions to international space exploration and stand as a testament to their achievements during their time on the ISS. Publications – A coffee table book from National Geographic; contains mostly photographs of Earth, with additional photos of the Space Shuttle Endeavour, the International Space Station and related subjects; also contains stories about Virts' experiences as an astronaut. – A limited edition, luxury replication of the Apollo 11 Flight Plan. – An Insiders Guide To Leaving Planet Earth. See also A Beautiful Planet – 2016 IMAX documentary film showing scenes of Earth which features Virts and other ISS astronauts. One More Orbit – A mission and documentary film. In 2019, Virts circumnavigated the planet in a Gulfstream G650 via the North and South Poles in honor of the Apollo 11 mission's 50th anniversary. The mission broke the world time and speed records, earning Guinness World and FAI records.	Terry W. Virts
W18 may refer to: W-18 (drug), a designer drug British NVC community W18, a woodland community in the British National Vegetation Classification system Hansa-Brandenburg W.18, a German flying boat fighter , a tug of the Royal Navy Malgana language Mercedes-Benz W18, an automobile Snub dodecahedron Suburban Airport, in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States W18 engine, an eighteen-cylinder engine Water-jugs-in-stand (hieroglyph), an Egyptian hieroglyph	W18
It's All Coming Back to Me Now... is a live album by David Crosby and his fourth solo effort. Chris Robinson of the Black Crowes and Graham Nash also appear on the album. Robinson duets with Crosby on "Almost Cut My Hair" and Nash appears on the last three songs. Track listing All tracks composed by David Crosby; except where noted. "In My Dreams" – 6:32 "Rusty and Blue" – 7:08 "Hero" (Phil Collins, Crosby) – 4:57 "Till It Shines on You" – 5:39 "Thousand Roads" – 5:02 "Cowboy Movie" – 9:08 "Almost Cut My Hair" – 6:10 "Déjà Vu" – 10:18 "Long Time Gone" – 5:41 "Wooden Ships" (Crosby, Paul Kantner, Stephen Stills) – 10:36 Personnel David Crosby – lead vocals, acoustic and electric guitars Jeff Pevar – acoustic and electric guitars Mike Finnigan – keyboards (3-10), backing vocals (3, 8, 9, 10) James "Hutch" Hutchinson – bass (2-10) Jody Cortez – drums (3-10) Kipp Lennon – backing vocals (3, 8, 9, 10) Graham Nash – backing vocals (8, 9, 10), harmonica (8), acoustic guitar (9, 10) Chris Robinson – lead and backing vocals (7) Production Producer, Engineering and Mixing – Chris "Hoover" Rankin Assistant Engineer – Craig Brock Recorded live at Whisky a Go Go (West Hollywood, CA). Engineered at Record Plant (Los Angeles, CA). Mastered by Joe Gaswirt at Oceanview Digital Mastering (Los Angeles, CA). Photography – Murray Close	It's All Coming Back to Me Now...
Cornelius Middelthon (12 April 1869 – 6 April 1934) was a Norwegian grocer and politician of the Conservative Party who served as Minister of Labour from 1920 to 1921 and again from 1923 to 1924. 1869 births 1934 deaths Government ministers of Norway	Cornelius Middelthon
The Stara Zagora Transmitter was a high power mediumwave broadcasting station near Stara Zagora in Bulgaria. It had at least 3 guyed masts. One of these masts was a Blaw-Knox Tower. It was one of the few Blaw-Knox towers in Europe, along with similar masts at Vakarel, Bulgaria, at Riga, Latvia, Lakihegy, Hungary and Lisnagarvey, Northern Ireland. The transmitter was shut down on April 7, 2013. The masts were dismantled and scrapped in November 2014. See also List of tallest structures in Bulgaria	Stara Zagora Transmitter
Shadow Hearts: From the New World is a role-playing video game developed by Nautilus (Sacnoth) for the PlayStation 2. It was published in Japan by Aruze in 2005, in North America by Xseed Games in 2006, and in Europe by Ghostlight in 2007. From The New World is the third and final game in the Shadow Hearts series, acting as both a continuation of the series narrative and a spin-off featuring new characters. Set in an alternate version of the Americas during the Prohibition era, the story follows amnesiac private investigator Johnny Garland, who travels with the Native American Shania in pursuit of a malevolent being known as Lady. During gameplay, the player controls a group led by Johnny exploring various locations across the Americas. During battle, a party of up to four characters can be controlled, with actions in battle relying on a timing-based system dubbed the Judgement Ring. The game's worldview combines alternate history with elements of Lovecraftian horror. From the New World was produced on a tight schedule, with several staff members returning from Shadow Hearts: Covenant; Covenant art director Takamusa Ohsawa acted as director and producer, while Miyako Kato and Yoshitaka Hirota returned respectively as character designer and lead composer. It was treated as a fresh start for the team due to its setting and characters. The development team focused on refining the mechanics introduced in Covenant. Debuting to low sales, the game was generally well received by critics. Despite plans to continue the Shadow Hearts series, From the New World was the last game development by Nautilus before their absorption into Aruze and departure from game development. Some team members including Kato, Hirota and series creator Matsuzo Machida began work on a spiritual successor titled Penny Blood in 2019. Gameplay Shadow Hearts: From the New World is a role-playing video game (RPG) where players take control of a party led by main protagonist Johnny Garland as they progress through the game; progress is split between a linear story-driven first half and a second half which allows greater exploration and access to optional areas. During gameplay, the party explores a number of town and country areas across the Americas from a fixed-camera third-person perspective, collecting and buying items and equipment, talking to non-playable characters who act as quest givers and merchants, solving environmental puzzles, and completing both story-centered quests and side quests. The turn-based battles are triggered through both random and scripted encounters. Each player character has hit points (health), skill points (magic), and sanity points (SP). SP ordinarily decrease once per turn, and when a character runs out of SP they go berserk and cannot be controlled by the player. Each character has two basic attack types; single attacks which range from normal attacks to powerful "Hard Hit", and double attacks which allow one character to take two actions in a single turn. Characters, including enemy groups, can use combos with two or more characters. Characters link up to perform a succession of compatible attacks. There are two combo types; standard combos and double combos, which are mechanically similar to double attacks. Double attacks and all combos draw from a "Stock" gauge which is filled by attacking or being attacked. After each battle, the party gains experience points which raise their level, permanently raising health, magic and SP. Greater experience and more valuable items are awarded for good battle performance. New skills are attained by each character through story-driven side quests. Central to combat is the Judgement Ring. Represented as a disc with colored areas on its surface, the player's aim is to hit those areas as a pointer passes over them. If the player fails to hit an area, the attack can either be shortened or cancelled altogether. Small red-colored "Strike" areas boost the power of an action, while magic attacks have increasingly dark hues near the end of a hit area, with hits in those areas making the spell more powerful. The Judgement Ring is used for every battle action, from standard attacks and special abilities to using items. Players can choose to automate the Judgement Ring, but this removes the Strike option and decreases action power. During combos, missing a hit area on the Judgement Ring breaks the rest of the combo and removes any subsequent character's turns. After a certain point in the game, the Judgement Ring can be customised for each character, potentially easing the difficulty. The Judgement Ring is also used in other gameplay areas, such as gaining discounts from shops and in some mini-games. A power unique to main heroine Shania is Fusion; during the course of the story, Shania unlocks the ability to transform into different monstrous forms, altering her stats and giving her unique abilities. Each Fusion costs SP, and while in a Fusion form SP decreases with each turn. Fusions are increased in strength using Spirit energy collected after each battle, which is fed into collectable totems associated with each form. For characters other than Shania, magic is unlocked using Stellar Charts. Each character equips compatible Stellar items in slots, which give a character access to different spells. The Stellar Charts can be upgraded and expanded, allowing for new and more powerful abilities to be incorporated. Synopsis Setting and characters From the New World is set in an alternate reality, taking place in 1929 during the Prohibition era and mingling historical events and people with supernatural elements including divine beings and cosmic horror. The story is set exclusively in the Americas, with locations ranging from North American areas including New York City and Las Vegas, and South American regions such as the Guianas and ruins of the Maya civilization. While taking place in the same reality as and featuring cameos from Shadow Hearts and Shadow Hearts: Covenant, the story is separate from the rest of the canon. The main protagonist is Johnny Garland, a teenage private detective who is searching for his forgotten past following a car accident that killed the rest of his family. He is saved from death by Shania, a Native American priestess capable of transforming into monstrous forms in battle after forming pacts with powerful spirits. The pair are joined by Natan, Shania's bounty hunter bodyguard; Frank Goldfinger, a self-proclaimed master ninja; Master Mao, an anthropomorphic cat; Ricardo Gomez, a mariachi-playing gunman; and Hildergard "Hilda" Valentine, a member of the recurring Valentine vampire clan. The main antagonists are Lady, a mute woman who can infect others with Malice; Killer, a serial killer who becomes her companion; and Professor Gilbert, an immoral researcher obsessed with Malice. A key supporting character is Roger Bacon, a 12th century philosopher who achieved imperfect immortality and a recurring character in the Shadow Hearts series. Plot Johnny is hired by Gilbert to track down Marlow Brown. Upon finding him in an abandoned opera house, Brown is terrified of Johnny, and is shortly killed by a monster that appears from a portal. Johnny is saved by Shania, who was hunting the monster. Since the release of the dark energy Malice into the world during the events of Covenant, Shania and her companion Natan help keep monsters spawned from Malice in check, along with hunting for those who destroyed Shania's tribe. Johnny and Shania team up and locate Gilbert at Arkham University, who reveals his true intentions to unleash Malice upon the world before escaping. Meanwhile, in Brooklyn, a wanted criminal codenamed "Killer" escapes police pursuit and is fatally injured. He encounters a mysterious mute woman who kills his pursuers and gives him a "Kiss of Malice", healing his wounds. Grateful, he dubs the woman as "Lady" and stays with her. As Johnny and Shania investigate—picking up Frank and Mao along the way—Lady makes her way across North America, seeking out concentrations of Malice. Shania identifies Lady as the being responsible for the attack on her tribe. At one point, Lady gives her Kiss of Malice to Gomez's girlfriend Edna, who is corrupted and turned into a monster Gomez is forced to kill; this leads him to join Johnny's party. They also rescue the vampire Hilda and Roger Bacon from Area 51. At the same time, Gilbert teams up with Lady and a reluctant Killer as Lady is drawn to several South American ruins, unlocking the seals on concentrated pockets of Malice. This summons a massive structure known as the Gate, from which Malice and monsters would pour into the world if opened. The group fail to stop them, and during one encounter Lady kisses Shania, infecting her with Malice. To stop the Gate from opening, Johnny's group travels to Salar de Uyuni to locate an artifact imbued with the power of "Will", a blue light that counterbalances Malice. Killer arrives and attacks them, fatally wounding Johnny. Johnny transforms into a being similar to Lady and attacks the group, forcing Shania to release the Will and return Johnny to normal. This stalls the Gate's opening, but does not stop it due to Lady's presence there. Suspicious of his past, Johnny returns to his family home and discovers that he and his sister Grace died in a car crash. His father teamed up with Brown to steal the mystical Émigré Manuscript from Bacon and perform a resurrection ritual on Johnny and Grace using the combined energies of Malice and Will. The ritual went wrong, and Grace sacrificed her Will to preserve Johnny, turning her into Lady. Johnny accepts the need for Lady's death and travels to the Gate with his companions. Before the final battle, Shania reveals that she may become a monster due to the Malice inside her. The group storm the Gate, fighting first Killer—whose death causes Lady to show emotion for the first time—then a Malice-mutated Gilbert. The party kill Lady, escaping before the Gate vanishes, and go their separate ways. After this point, two endings are unlocked. In the "Bad" ending, Shania is consumed by the Malice. In the "Good" ending, unlocked by obtaining an optional Fusion and maxing out Shania's powers, Shania is cleansed of Malice and works with Johnny at his agency. Development From the New World was developed by Nautilus (formerly known as Sacnoth), featuring the same production team that created Shadow Hearts and its sequel. The game was produced and directed by Takamusa Ohsawa, who previously served as art director for Covenant. The characters were designed by series artist Miyako Kato. The lead game designer was Takehiro Ishida, and the scenario was written by Toshiyuki Suzuki, with the story concept being provided by former director and scenario writer Matsuzo Machida. The game's production was completed on "an extremely tight schedule", presenting challenges to different team members caused by this. It was also stated that the production had a "more controlled system" compared to the previous two titles, leading to a tonal shift from the series earlier darker tone. The director was also replaced midway through production. By March 2005, the game was 60% complete. While previous Shadow Hearts titles were based on the Eurasian continent, From the New World moved to the Americas, giving the developers a fresh start. The new setting and characters allowed the team to create a beginner-friendly narrative which would attract a larger audience, with the story being a spin-off only loosely connected to the events of Shadow Hearts and Covenant. Rather than portraying a grand mythology, the narrative focused on individuals within the struggle created within the Shadow Hearts series. Despite its spin-off status, the team treated Johnny with the gravity of a mainline Shadow Hearts protagonist. While the series continued to use real locations, the team did not want to be too realistic, so added in anachronistic locations. Ishida, who had worked on the series since Covenant, was in charge of the battle system. It was based on the system used in Covenant, although new elements such as the stock gauge were added to increase strategy. The battle system expansions, which included the ability for enemies to use combo attacks, were done based on a combination of staff wishes and fan feedback. Kato designed all the characters, with some going through notable redesigns; one was Natan, whose early character design was far leaner than his final appearance. For Shania's Fusion forms, she was given the direction to make them appear like goddesses rather than monsters. The game used a modified version of the Covenant engine. More detailed character expressions were incorporated, and load times were decreased. Unlike Covenant, From the New World used only one PS2 DVD, which caused problems with data storage. The CGI cutscenes were created by computer graphics studio Avant, with motion capture being handled by Dynapix. Avant had previously created the CGI cutscenes for Covenant. Many of the motion capture actors had previously worked on Covenant. The real-time cutscenes were made more cinematic, with more attention paid to camera angles and character movement. Despite the change to a lighter atmosphere, monster designs continued to draw inspiration from H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos, an influence reaching back to the first Shadow Hearts. Music Yoshitaka Hirota, composer for the previous two Shadow Hearts games, returned for From the New World. Hirota was joined by Ryo Fukuda, who collaborated on the first Shadow Hearts, and Tomoko Imoto and Hirotomi Imoto. Imoto also acted as sound director. For the music, Hirota researched Native American music and made heavy use of vocals and ethnic music, fusing ancient instruments with electronic elements. The series theme "Icaro" was reprised in an arranged form. Choral work was led by Akiko Shikata. The main theme "Spread My Wings" was composed by Hirota, and was performed and written by Takehara Tomoaki from the indie funk band Taste of Chocolate. A soundtrack album was released by Team Entertainment on August 24, 2005 in parallel with an arrange album of tracks from across the Shadow Hearts series. Release From the New World was first announced by publisher Aruze in March 2005, with the first trailer being included in the director's cut edition of Covenant. The game was released in the region on July 28, 2005. It came in both standard and limited editions. The latter included a soundtrack CD, and additional merchandise including a themed T-shirt and keyholder. Other separate merchandise was produced, including several guidebooks, and an artbook which included character illustrations and developer commentary. While previous Shadow Hearts games were localised by Midway Games, From the New World was licensed for a North American release by Xseed Games. At the time, Xseed was a fairly new company, and From the New World was one of its earliest major localizations, having successfully secured Western release rights alongside Wild Arms 4. As with the previous two Shadow Hearts games, the localization was handled by Jeremy Blaustein. Blaustein was brought on board the project by Xseed. The voice acting was an important element for the English release, who cast actors based on the regional accents of characters. According to a later interview, Xseed were under pressure due to most of their resources being tied up with Wild Arms 4, and while they were impressed by the English dub, the written script had a number of issues and needed to be proofed and edited for consistency. The game was released in North America on March 6, 2006. In Europe, the game was licensed for publication by Ghostlight. From the New World was released in Europe on May 25, 2007. An Australasian release followed on June 7. Reception During its debut week, From the New World reached third place in sales charts, reaching nearly 52,000 units. By the end of the year, the game had sold over 82,000 units. Despite general low sales for their game business division, Aruze credited the release of From the New World with that division showing a profit that year. Speaking in 2020, Xseed Games parent company CEO Ken Berry noted that the market demand for From the New World in the West was sufficient alongside that for Wild Arms 4 to keep Xseed Games going. Japanese gaming magazine Famitsu gave much praise to the narrative and its characters, noting the use of comedy and numerous side stories related to each player character. Rob Fahay of Eurogamer enjoyed the story's pacing, but found the amount of humour off-putting compared to the balance struck in Covenant and took longer to like the cast. GamePro found the varied cast to be the game's strongest element, and GameSpots Bethany Massimilla said the story "remains compelling (if insane) throughout". GameSpys Gerald Villoria felt that the storyline lack cohesion, Jeremy Dunham of IGN criticised an imbalance between dungeon exploration and narrative that negatively affected an otherwise-enjoyable story. PALGNs Tristan Kalogeropoulos noted the more absurd storyline and characters compared to earlier Shadow Hearts games, and negatively noted the stereotypes of American culture and history used in the game. RPGFans Patrick Gann lauded the storytelling and characters, but was disappointed by the game's "good" ending as it ran against the themes of both the game and the series. Famitsu noted that the game seemed to have solid production values. Massimilla though the environment and dungeon designs were repetitive, but praised the character designs as the strongest aspect of the game's visuals. Villoria similarly praised the character designs, and Dunham cited the graphics and CGI cutscenes as one of the game's strengths despite lacking higher resolution or widescreen support. Kalogeropoulos praised the CGI and real-time cutscenes, while Gann lauded the amount of effort put into the visual and stylistic presentation by Nautilus. The voice acting divided opinion; some gave praise, while others faulted it. In contrast, the music was met with a generally positive response. The gameplay was described by Famitsu simply as "an orthodox RPG", while Fahay commented that "the battle system remains just as strong and compelling as it was in Covenant". GamePro enjoyed the battle system, but found the Stellar upgrades underdeveloped and was extremely critical of puzzle designs. Massimilla enjoyed the combat options, but disliked both the dungeon design and the reliance of character progression on side quests. Villoria praised the breadth and depth of combat, but found the random encounters underwhelming compared to the scripted boss fights. Dunham enjoyed the additions and tweaks to the battle system, but faulted the dungeon design. Kalogeropoulos praised the battle system for encouraging player interaction in actions normally governed by chance in RPGs in addition to the variety of move types, but noted that the character growth system was geared more towards completionists than casual players. Gann lauded the game design, but noted that there were still weak parts of the overall design inherent to the Shadow Hearts series; like other reviewers, he criticised the dungeon design. Legacy Speaking in a later interview, Machida said that From the New World was not the true Shadow Hearts III, which would have continued the story of original protagonist Yuri Hyuga. His plan had been for Shadow Hearts III to follow Jinpachiro Hyuga and Kiheita Inugami, the respective fathers of Yuri and Covenant character Kurando Inugami. Ultimately, From the New World was the last Shadow Hearts title to be released; Nautilus was absorbed into Aruze in 2007 and ended video game production, ultimately ceasing to exist during corporate restructuring in 2009. Machida was approached three times about developing a new Shadow Hearts, but each time the project was cancelled due to "the company’s circumstances". Machida, Kato and Hirota later came together to work on Penny Blood, a spiritual successor to the Shadow Hearts series. Notes	Shadow Hearts: From the New World
Imre Hajdú (; 26 January 1911 – 21 October 1989) better known by his stage name Jean Image () was a Hungarian-French director, script writer and producer of French animation films. His stage name, "Image" is based upon the French pronunciation of "Im-Haj", the first syllables of his name. In 1959, he participated in the creation of Annecy International Animated Film Festival. Jean Image was also the author of a book on animation titled Le Dessin animé : initiation à la technique (lit. Animation film: A technical introduction) (1979). Career He emigrated to France in 1932 where he worked on films and eventually produced several shorts on his own. After the war, influenced by the classic style of Walt Disney's films, he became the first French producer of the full-length animated film (Johnny the Giant Killer). In 1948, he founded the Films Jean Image company and in 1960 he devoted himself to producing television cartoon series. Two of these series (Kiri le Clown and Joe), have become very popular. Personal life His first wife was Eraine Image (born Germaine Suzanne Charvot). He was later married to France Image, with whom he co-wrote his later movies and series. Filmography Film Short-film Television Joe the Little Boom Boom (TV series, 1960 – 1963) Joë chez les fourmis (1962) La Fontaine des trois soldats, TV series of 26 episodes (1963) Joë au royaume des mouches (1964) Picolo et Piccolette (1964) Kiri le clown (1966) Patatomanie (1970) Au clair de lune (1971-1972) Arago X-001 (1972–1973) Le Crayon magique (1973) Les Rêves de Jeannot (series, 1985–1986)	Jean Image
The Nikon Coolpix 4600 digital camera, also known by its internal name E4600 is a member of the Nikon-produced Coolpix series. It has a resolution of 4.0 megapixels. The camera features its own internal memory, capable of storing 32MB of data. Additionally, it is compatible with a removable Secure Digital card of varying capacities. The storage space used is selectable, allowing the user to save pictures to either the internal or external memory by ejecting the card. The camera has an eight-function click-wheel that allows for the quick usage of many types of image presets, such a portraits, outdoor scenery, and night shooting. It can also record video clips of indefinite length, provided there is sufficient space remaining on the memory medium. The camera's lens has a focal length of 5.7-17.1 mm, an f-number of 2.9-4.9, giving a 3× magnification optical zoom. The digital zoom is 4×. It is powered by two AA batteries, and a USB Mini-A adapter for displaying the memory externally as well as for connecting the camera to a computer when there is no card reader present.	Nikon Coolpix 4600
Enemies of Reason is a comedy album performed by the Frantics Canadian comedy troupe. The sketches were recorded live in front of an audience at Toronto's Yuk Yuks venue on November 20, 2005. Some of these skits also appeared on "The Frantics Reunion Special" television show, as well as on an episode of CBC Radio One's Madly Off in All Directions. Personnel Paul Chato Rick Green Dan Redican Peter Wildman Track listing "Just 5 Minutes" "Earth Raper" "Chunder Business School" "My Lovely Lovely Body" "New Condo" "Whenever I'm Near You" "Some Weather" "Sex Book" "P.A.S." "Magnum Weekend" "Prostate Song" "The Saturn Way" "Clinical Advice" "Truth Song" "Barney's Useless Utensils" "Vagina Bound"	Enemies of Reason
In computer science, the readers–writers problems are examples of a common computing problem in concurrency. There are at least three variations of the problems, which deal with situations in which many concurrent threads of execution try to access the same shared resource at one time. Some threads may read and some may write, with the constraint that no thread may access the shared resource for either reading or writing while another thread is in the act of writing to it. (In particular, we want to prevent more than one thread modifying the shared resource simultaneously and allow for two or more readers to access the shared resource at the same time). A readers–writer lock is a data structure that solves one or more of the readers–writers problems. The basic reader–writers problem was first formulated and solved by Courtois et al. First readers–writers problem Suppose we have a shared memory area (critical section) with the basic constraints detailed above. It is possible to protect the shared data behind a mutual exclusion mutex, in which case no two threads can access the data at the same time. However, this solution is sub-optimal, because it is possible that a reader R1 might have the lock, and then another reader R2 requests access. It would be foolish for R2 to wait until R1 was done before starting its own read operation; instead, R2 should be allowed to read the resource alongside R1 because reads don't modify data, so concurrent reads are safe. This is the motivation for the first readers–writers problem, in which the constraint is added that no reader shall be kept waiting if the share is currently opened for reading. This is also called readers-preference, with its solution: semaphore resource=1; semaphore rmutex=1; readcount=0; /* resource.P() is equivalent to wait(resource) resource.V() is equivalent to signal(resource) rmutex.P() is equivalent to wait(rmutex) rmutex.V() is equivalent to signal(rmutex) */ writer() { resource.P(); //Lock the shared file for a writer <CRITICAL Section> // Writing is done <EXIT Section> resource.V(); //Release the shared file for use by other readers. Writers are allowed if there are no readers requesting it. } reader() { rmutex.P(); //Ensure that no other reader can execute the <Entry> section while you are in it <CRITICAL Section> readcount++; //Indicate that you are a reader trying to enter the Critical Section if (readcount == 1) //Checks if you are the first reader trying to enter CS resource.P(); //If you are the first reader, lock the resource from writers. Resource stays reserved for subsequent readers <EXIT CRITICAL Section> rmutex.V(); //Release // Do the Reading rmutex.P(); //Ensure that no other reader can execute the <Exit> section while you are in it <CRITICAL Section> readcount--; //Indicate that you no longer need the shared resource. One fewer reader if (readcount == 0) //Checks if you are the last (only) reader who is reading the shared file resource.V(); //If you are last reader, then you can unlock the resource. This makes it available to writers. <EXIT CRITICAL Section> rmutex.V(); //Release } In this solution of the readers/writers problem, the first reader must lock the resource (shared file) if such is available. Once the file is locked from writers, it may be used by many subsequent readers without having them to re-lock it again. Before entering the critical section, every new reader must go through the entry section. However, there may only be a single reader in the entry section at a time. This is done to avoid race conditions on the readers (in this context, a race condition is a condition in which two or more threads are waking up simultaneously and trying to enter the critical section; without further constraint, the behavior is nondeterministic. E.g. two readers increment the readcount at the same time, and both try to lock the resource, causing one reader to block). To accomplish this, every reader which enters the <ENTRY Section> will lock the <ENTRY Section> for themselves until they are done with it. At this point the readers are not locking the resource. They are only locking the entry section so no other reader can enter it while they are in it. Once the reader is done executing the entry section, it will unlock it by signalling the mutex. Signalling it is equivalent to: mutex.V() in the above code. Same is valid for the <EXIT Section>. There can be no more than a single reader in the exit section at a time, therefore, every reader must claim and lock the Exit section for themselves before using it. Once the first reader is in the entry section, it will lock the resource. Doing this will prevent any writers from accessing it. Subsequent readers can just utilize the locked (from writers) resource. The reader to finish last (indicated by the readcount variable) must unlock the resource, thus making it available to writers. In this solution, every writer must claim the resource individually. This means that a stream of readers can subsequently lock all potential writers out and starve them. This is so, because after the first reader locks the resource, no writer can lock it, before it gets released. And it will only be released by the last reader. Hence, this solution does not satisfy fairness. Second readers–writers problem The first solution is suboptimal, because it is possible that a reader R1 might have the lock, a writer W be waiting for the lock, and then a reader R2 requests access. It would be unfair for R2 to jump in immediately, ahead of W; if that happened often enough, W would starve. Instead, W should start as soon as possible. This is the motivation for the second readers–writers problem, in which the constraint is added that no writer, once added to the queue, shall be kept waiting longer than absolutely necessary. This is also called writers-preference. A solution to the writers-preference scenario is: int readcount, writecount; //(initial value = 0) semaphore rmutex, wmutex, readTry, resource; //(initial value = 1) //READER reader() { <ENTRY Section> readTry.P(); //Indicate a reader is trying to enter rmutex.P(); //lock entry section to avoid race condition with other readers readcount++; //report yourself as a reader if (readcount == 1) //checks if you are first reader resource.P(); //if you are first reader, lock the resource rmutex.V(); //release entry section for other readers readTry.V(); //indicate you are done trying to access the resource <CRITICAL Section> //reading is performed <EXIT Section> rmutex.P(); //reserve exit section - avoids race condition with readers readcount--; //indicate you're leaving if (readcount == 0) //checks if you are last reader leaving resource.V(); //if last, you must release the locked resource rmutex.V(); //release exit section for other readers } //WRITER writer() { <ENTRY Section> wmutex.P(); //reserve entry section for writers - avoids race conditions writecount++; //report yourself as a writer entering if (writecount == 1) //checks if you're first writer readTry.P(); //if you're first, then you must lock the readers out. Prevent them from trying to enter CS wmutex.V(); //release entry section resource.P(); //reserve the resource for yourself - prevents other writers from simultaneously editing the shared resource <CRITICAL Section> //writing is performed resource.V(); //release file <EXIT Section> wmutex.P(); //reserve exit section writecount--; //indicate you're leaving if (writecount == 0) //checks if you're the last writer readTry.V(); //if you're last writer, you must unlock the readers. Allows them to try enter CS for reading wmutex.V(); //release exit section } In this solution, preference is given to the writers. This is accomplished by forcing every reader to lock and release the readtry semaphore individually. The writers on the other hand don't need to lock it individually. Only the first writer will lock the readtry and then all subsequent writers can simply use the resource as it gets freed by the previous writer. The very last writer must release the readtry semaphore, thus opening the gate for readers to try reading. No reader can engage in the entry section if the readtry semaphore has been set by a writer previously. The reader must wait for the last writer to unlock the resource and readtry semaphores. On the other hand, if a particular reader has locked the readtry semaphore, this will indicate to any potential concurrent writer that there is a reader in the entry section. So the writer will wait for the reader to release the readtry and then the writer will immediately lock it for itself and all subsequent writers. However, the writer will not be able to access the resource until the current reader has released the resource, which only occurs after the reader is finished with the resource in the critical section. The resource semaphore can be locked by both the writer and the reader in their entry section. They are only able to do so after first locking the readtry semaphore, which can only be done by one of them at a time. It will then take control over the resource as soon as the current reader is done reading and lock all future readers out. All subsequent readers will hang up at the readtry semaphore waiting for the writers to be finished with the resource and to open the gate by releasing readtry. The rmutex and wmutex are used in exactly the same way as in the first solution. Their sole purpose is to avoid race conditions on the readers and writers while they are in their entry or exit sections. Third readers–writers problem In fact, the solutions implied by both problem statements can result in starvation — the first one may starve writers in the queue, and the second one may starve readers. Therefore, the third readers–writers problem is sometimes proposed, which adds the constraint that no thread shall be allowed to starve; that is, the operation of obtaining a lock on the shared data will always terminate in a bounded amount of time. A solution with fairness for both readers and writers might be as follows: int readcount; // init to 0; number of readers currently accessing resource // all semaphores initialised to 1 semaphore resource; // controls access (read/write) to the resource. Binary semaphore. semaphore rmutex; // for syncing changes to shared variable readcount semaphore serviceQueue; // FAIRNESS: preserves ordering of requests (signaling must be FIFO) //READER reader() { <ENTRY Section> serviceQueue.P(); // wait in line to be serviced rmutex.P(); // request exclusive access to readcount readcount++; // update count of active readers if (readcount == 1) // if I am the first reader resource.P(); // request resource access for readers (writers blocked) serviceQueue.V(); // let next in line be serviced rmutex.V(); // release access to readcount <CRITICAL Section> //reading is performed <EXIT Section> rmutex.P(); // request exclusive access to readcount readcount--; // update count of active readers if (readcount == 0) // if there are no readers left resource.V(); // release resource access for all rmutex.V(); // release access to readcount } //WRITER writer() { <ENTRY Section> serviceQueue.P(); // wait in line to be serviced resource.P(); // request exclusive access to resource serviceQueue.V(); // let next in line be serviced <CRITICAL Section> // writing is performed <EXIT Section> resource.V(); // release resource access for next reader/writer } This solution can only satisfy the condition that "no thread shall be allowed to starve" if and only if semaphores preserve first-in first-out ordering when blocking and releasing threads. Otherwise, a blocked writer, for example, may remain blocked indefinitely with a cycle of other writers decrementing the semaphore before it can. Simplest reader writer problem The simplest reader writer problem which uses only two semaphores and doesn't need an array of readers to read the data in buffer. Please notice that this solution gets simpler than the general case because it is made equivalent to the Bounded buffer problem, and therefore only readers are allowed to enter in parallel, being the size of the buffer. Reader do { wait(read) ............ reading data ............ signal(write) } while (TRUE); Writer do { wait(write) ............. writing data ............. signal(read) } while (TRUE); Algorithm Reader will run after Writer because of read semaphore. Writer will stop writing when the write semaphore has reached 0. Reader will stop reading when the read semaphore has reached 0. In writer, the value of write semaphore is given to read semaphore and in reader, the value of read is given to write on completion of the loop. See also ABA problem Producers-consumers problem Dining philosophers problem Cigarette smokers problem Sleeping barber problem Readers–writer lock seqlock read-copy-update	Readers–writers problem
György Jendrassik or in English technical literature: George Jendrassik (1898 Budapest – 1954 London) was a Hungarian physicist and mechanical engineer. Jendrassik completed his education at Budapest's József Technical University, then at the University of Berlin attended lectures of the famous physicists Albert Einstein and Max Planck. In 1922 he obtained his diploma in mechanical engineering in Budapest. From 1927 he worked at Ganz Rt, where he helped to develop diesel engines, of which the first few pieces were made with single and double cylinders; later, the 4- and 6-cylinder four-stroke versions were developed, without compression and with mixing chamber. Diesel Engines He started working at Ganz and Company - Danubius Electricity, Machine, Waggon and Shipyard Ltd. He started his activities within the Study Department, which was the development and experimental department. His first work included the strength calculation and preparation of the load tests for the main girders of a new type of wagon for the Dutch coastal local railways. At this time the main focus of the Study Department was the development of a medium-speed semi-diesel engine. This gave Jendrassik the opportunity to study the theoretical and practical problems of the diesel engine. Jendrassik's interest soon turned to the development of diesel engines. He developed a number of patents which laid the foundations for the development of small and medium-performance diesel engines for use in vehicles. After two years of development work, the Jm 130 single-cylinder engine was produced in 1927. It had a bore of 130 mm, a stroke of 160 mm, and produced 12 hp at 1000 rpm with a specific consumption of 210 grams. This was later developed into two-, four- and six-cylinder versions, which were stable, suitable for rail and marine propulsion, and which featured a combustion chamber in the front. In 1927, seeing the success of the diesel engines, Jendrassik developed the first patents and engines within the Study Department, but in the summer of 1927 the independent Jendrassik Engine Construction Department was established. This department continued to operate after Jendrassik's death until the end of 1958. The Ganz-Jendrassik engines were the start of the motorisation of the railways, but diesel engines were also used in shipping and road vehicles. Its patents were bought by several major engine manufacturers, including the Spanish Hispano-Suiza and the British Vickers, which were the leading engine manufacturers at the time. Jendrassik was fluent in German, French, English and Spanish. He also needed his great language skills, because he often had to travel to the headquarters of large Western European engineering companies in the affairs of the Ganz company and in the case of the sale of his own patents. He set up a private office in 1934, where he and his colleagues designed a six-cylinder V-type diesel engine for Hispano-Suiza in 1934. He also maintained his own office alongside Ganz Rt. In 1934, he married Johanna Schmall, the eldest daughter of Henrik Schmall, a qualified architect. The increasingly perfected Jendrassik engines became known all over the world and enhanced the reputation of Hungarian industry, the Ganz factory and not least György Jendrassik. In addition to his constant engine development activities, he was also involved in the realisation of gas turbines. In his private office, the thermodynamic calculations for the future gas turbine were carried out. Turboprop Later on he worked on gas turbines and in order to speed up research, he established the Invention Development and Marketing Co. Ltd. in 1936. The next year he ran an experimental gas turbine engine of 100 hp. He next began work on a turboprop engine, which would emerge as the CS-1 prototype, produced and tested in the Ganz works in Budapest. Of axial-flow design with 15-stage compressor and 7-stage turbine, it incorporated many modern features. With predicted output of 1,000 bhp at 13,500 rpm the Cs-1 stirred interest in the Hungarian aircraft industry with its potential to power a modern generation of high-performance aircraft, and construction was begun of a twin-engined fighter-bomber, the Varga RMI-1 X/H, to be powered by it. Its first bench run took place in 1940, making it the world's first turboprop engine to run. However combustion problems were experienced which limited the output to around 400 bhp. Development was discontinued in 1941 when agreement was reached to manufacture the Daimler-Benz DB 605 engine in Hungary. Jendrassik's reputation continued to grow, and he became the factory's managing director from 1942 to 1945. In recognition of his scientific work he was elected in 1943 corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. After the war he was not able to continue developing gas turbines. As a successful entrepreneur, Political distrust surrounded him in the new communist-dominated Hungary. Before the nationalization of large companies, the communist party of Mátyás Rákosi carried out a large-scale political campaign and disparaging propaganda activities against the rich industrialists and large entrepreneurs, and made the rich socially responsible for the poverty after the World War. Jendrassik no longer felt safe in Hungary. After a spell in Argentina, he came to London in 1948 to become consultant and director to Metropolitan Railcars Ltd., controlled by Metropolitan Cammell and Metropolitan-Vickers. Since 1949, Jendrassik has also been an external consultant of Power Jets (Research and Development) Ltd., with which company he was working until his death, on the development of a pressure exchanger; this is a promising type of heat engine in which the compression and expansion of a gaseous medium is effected by direct action of the gases involved without the employment of mechanical parts such ad pistons or blades The number of his inventions on record only in Hungary is 77. His last invention of great importance was the pressure-compensating device for jet engines at the Power Jets Ltd. Patents in Hungary During his lifetime, he has been listed on 60 patent applications in Hungary:	György Jendrassik
Peggy O'Neal is an American voice actress. Career O'Neal began acting in three episodes of seaQuest DSV, and went on to do ADR on Dawson's Creek, Dark Skies, Walker, Texas Ranger. Through acting classes taught by Susan Blu, O'Neal got in contact with Paul Di Franco, a casting agent for Saban Entertainment. O'Neal's roles at Saban Entertainment included Shinzo character Yakumo Tatsuro. In addition to voice acting, O'Neal works as a part-time teacher for acting classes at Moorpark College. Filmography Anime Film Video games Other dubbing	Peggy O'Neal (voice actress)
The Vision and the Voice (Liber 418) is a book by Aleister Crowley (1875–1947). It chronicles the mystical journey of the author as he explored the 30 Enochian aethyrs originally developed by John Dee and Edward Kelley in the 16th century. These visions took place at two times: in 1900 during his stay in Mexico, and later in 1909 in Algeria in the company of poet Victor Benjamin Neuburg. Of all his works, Crowley considered this book to be second in importance behind The Book of the Law, the text that established his religious and philosophical system of Thelema in 1904. It was first published in 1911. The Vision and the Voice is the source of many of the central spiritual doctrines of Thelema, especially in the visions of Babalon and her consort Chaos (the "All-Father"), as well as an account of how an individual might cross the Abyss, thereby assuming the title of "Master of the Temple" and taking a place in the City of the Pyramids under the Night of Pan. The source manuscript (in five numbered notebooks) can be viewed at Harry Ransom Center collection in Austin, Texas. Editions	The Vision and the Voice
Mark Andrew Guthrie (born September 22, 1965) is a former Major League Baseball relief pitcher who played for several teams between 1989 and 2003, and was a member of the 1991 World Series Champion Minnesota Twins. Career After graduating from Venice High School, Guthrie attended LSU where he led the team in ERA in 1985 and was all SEC first team in 1986. After the 1986 season, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Harwich Mariners of the Cape Cod Baseball League. He was selected by the Twins in the 7th round of the 1987 amateur entry draft and played in Minnesota from 1989 to 1995. On November 6, 1996, he signed as a free agent with the Los Angeles Dodgers, where he played until the close of 1998. Following his membership with the Dodgers, Guthrie was a player for the Boston Red Sox, Chicago Cubs, Oakland Athletics, Toronto Blue Jays and the New York Mets. Throughout his entire professional career (1989–2003) Guthrie earned over $15 million. As a member of the Chicago Cubs in 2003, Guthrie took the loss in Game 1 of the 2003 National League Championship Series surrendering an 11th inning home run to the Marlins Mike Lowell. Personal His son, Dalton Guthrie, played college baseball at the University of Florida, was drafted in the sixth round of the 2017 MLB Draft by the Philadelphia Phillies, made his major league debut in 2022 with the Phillies, and in 2023 was traded to the San Francisco Giants.	Mark Guthrie
Jens Dyhr Okking, (18 December 1939 – 21 January 2018) was a Danish actor, singer and politician. Jens Okking was mostly known outside of Denmark from Lars von Triers TV-series The Kingdom. In Denmark, Okking was a notable actor for many years, both in theatre, films and TV series and he also worked as theatre director. Apart from his acting, Okking performed as a singer throughout his career, including many recordings with a variety of musicians, mainly from Denmark. He also used his voice to record several audiobooks, mostly for children, and in radio plays for the Danish Broadcasting Corporation (DR). Jens Okking was a member of the European Parliament in 1999–2003, initially elected for the June Movement, but he later changed affiliation to the People's Movement against the EU. Filmography (selected) A selection of films Okking participated in includes: The Only Way (1970) (1971) (1971) Olsen-bandens store kup (1972) (1972) Olsen-banden går amok (1973) (1973) Nitten røde roser (1974) Familien Gyldenkål (1975) Familien Gyldenkål sprænger banken (1976) Strømer (1976) (1977) Affæren i Mølleby (1976) (1976) (1977) (1977) Pas på ryggen, professor (1977) (1978) Slægten (1978) Mig og Charly (1978) Honning Måne (1978) The Witch Hunt (1981) (1981) (1981) (1983) Zappa (1983) (1987) (1988) Miraklet i Valby (1989) Gøngehøvdingen – 1992 som Kaptajn Mannheimer. Det forsømte forår (1993) Riget I (1994) (1995) (1996) Barbera (1997) Riget II (1997) At klappe med een hånd (2001) (2001) Old Men in New Cars (2002) Inkasso (2004) (2004) (2005) Solkongen (2005) (2005) (2006)	Jens Okking

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