OpenScholar-DataStore-V3

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Socioeconomic inequalities in life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy among Chilean older adults: evidence from a longitudinal study Background Chile has one of the longest life expectancies of Latin America. The country is characterised by an important macroeconomic growth and persisting socioeconomic ineq...	0	232173147	16
95% CI 19.5–23.3; medium: 16.5; 95% CI 15.8–17.1; low: 15.3; 95% CI 14.6–16.0). Socioeconomic differences in LE and DFLE were observed among both sexes until advanced age. Discussion Socioeconomic inequalities in LE and DFLE were found among Chilean older men and women. Older people in the highest SEP live longer and h...	1	232173147	16
and market-based private health insurance programmes, has deepened unequal access to health care [7]. Whereas in the public health system the employee contribution is based on income, in the private insurance system the contribution depends on individual health risk and number of dependents [7]. Private health insuranc...	2	232173147	16
fixed panel plus births longitudinal study [15]. The baseline sample in 2002 was representative of people affiliated to the Chilean pension system. In 2004, people not affiliated to the pension system and a refreshment sample were included, and the sample became nationally representative of the Chilean population aged ...	3	232173147	16
using official administrative data on the pension system history of active members, pensioned and deceased to July 2016. Socioeconomic indicator Health insurance type was used as socioeconomic indicator. People affiliated to the private health insurance system were considered as in high socioeconomic position (SEP). Th...	4	232173147	16
Markov models, in order to estimate the different expected health transitions, under the assumption of future evolution depending on the current state. A transition intensity matrix, Q, was calculated with all the observations, reflecting the instantaneous risk of moving from one state to another. Age (time-varying), s...	5	232173147	16
and 4.9 more years, compared to men in the medium and the lower SEP, respectively. These differences were present until 80 years of age, with a 2.3 and 2.9 years longer LE among me in the lower SEP, compared to men in the other SEP. At 60 years of age, women in the highest SEP expected to live 4.6 more years than women...	6	232173147	16
to men of the same SEP, their LE free of disability was not longer. Differences in LE and DFLE were observed among men and women. Discussion Our results confirm that the trajectories of health, disability and mortality are more adverse for Chilean older people who are not in the highest SEP. We found significant differ...	7	232173147	16
associated with greater demand for social and health care [22]. As observed in a previous study comparing population from England and the United States [23], the absolute difference between LE and DFLE by SEP decreased at older ages. However, in our study the difference in the proportion of years to be lived with disab...	8	232173147	16
the private health insurance system at baseline, probably migrated to the public health insurance, due to a limited payment capacity, health problems or both. If so, we would be underestimating the differences between the wealthiest group of older people in Chilethose who are able to stay in the private health insuranc...	9	232173147	16
health inequalities in life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy among older people in Chile. First, European research suggests that the social causation has a higher importance to explain health inequalities in old age [30,31]. Second, Chile is one of the most unequal countries in the world [32], with a patt...	10	232173147	16
insurance, the sample size for this group was the smallest, resulting in less precise estimates. Nevertheless, the differences found in LE and DFLE between this SEP and the other groups were significant. As mentioned above, we were not able to take into account migrations from the private to the public health insurance...	11	232173147	16
Energy security and competition over energy resources in Iran and Caucasus region Energy security as a dominant factor in international stability is of great importance for major economies. The global energy market with its current level of supply and demand relies on energy sources in the Middle East, Caucasus, Centra...	12	41438679	16
suggest alternative solutions to compete with rival countries in order to enhance energy security. Introduction Energy, as a fundamental component of modern society and life, has a direct impact on human activity and it plays a critical role in socioeconomic development.Energy is deeply embedded in each component of ma...	13	41438679	16
given rise to a situation in which satisfying demand is a matter of constant anxiety.On the other hand, the remaining oil and gas reserves are concentrated in politically unstable regions.The renewed focus on energy security is driven because of exceedingly tight oil markets and high oil prices.But it is also fueled by...	14	41438679	16
is also trying to expand its energy supply market.Therefore, Iran and Caucasus are considered reliable energy suppliers for Europe.This research analyzes the motivation for changing the direction of the new suppliers' energy policies towards Europe and suggests ways to compete with rival suppliers in order to enhance m...	15	41438679	16
and the European Union (EU) is likely to remain conditioned on reaching a compromise on allegations regarding Iran's nuclear program.Europe's reluctance to invest in Iran's hydrocarbon sector has provided great commercial opportunities for companies from other countries to make lucrative profits.According to the author...	16	41438679	16
the situation on the basis of national interests which benefit supplier and consumer nations. There is a need for infrastructure which will make it possible to supply an unlimited amount of energy from the South Caspian/Persian Gulf region to Europe, which is not completely available [15].Why isn't there a major pipeli...	17	41438679	16
gas.With an annual growth rate of 2.7%, the total gas demand is projected to rise to 43% of primary energy consumption by 2030 [17]. Possible alternative energy sources for Europe Currently, about 50% of the European natural gas is imported by pipeline from outside the continent where the dominant supplier is Russia [1...	18	41438679	16
gas through pipelines comes from Russia [18].Ukraine and Belarus' gas supply dependency on Russia is 74% and 100% respectively. A number of individual EU countries are heavily dependent on Russia particularly for natural gas (European Commission) 1 .This dependency leaves them vulnerable to supply disruptions, whether ...	19	41438679	16
resources to improve the competitiveness of its economy, through a larger share of power generation based on cheap natural gas, and through further investments in natural gas-fueled vehicles, in a move to reduce the domestic consumption of oil, which could thus be freed-up for exports 3 . Iran had a successful 2016 to ...	20	41438679	16
the promotion of more stable oil prices and transparent markets. In response to energy security concerns, the European Commission (EC) released its Energy Security Strategy in May 2014.The strategy aims to ensure a stable and abundant supply of energy for European citizens and their economy (European Commission) 4 .The...	21	41438679	16
Energy security in Europe's major economies Germany, Italy, UK and France are among the European countries which are members of G-7 and are considered major economics.They were also the largest importers of natural gas in Europe in 2014-2015.They imported 104.0, 50.2, 29.0 and 35.9 billion cubic meters (bcm) respective...	22	41438679	16
availability, affordability and sustainability.Iran and the Caucasus region have great potential to serve as alternative sources of energy for Europe.Considering the conflicts in Caucasus and the dispute between Iran and the western powers balanced energy security for all countries in the region is required.If there is...	23	41438679	16
and Ceyhan in Turkey.Its construction started in 1998 and the pipeline was completed in 2005 [27].The US had been pushing hard for BTC as the first pipeline specifically designed to export Caspian oil out of the region without going through Russia.It can transport 1 million barrels of oil a day from Azerbaijan via Geor...	24	41438679	16
and/or prevent others from doing so (the USA and Russia) [29]. Long-distance, cross-border pipelines are important to expand energy security and make an alternative to the many vulnerable checkpoints along the sea transportation routes [30].However, it is important to note that the construction of energy transportation...	25	41438679	16
reserves of the world-Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf, and it enjoys a unique situation.Besides Iran also borders Central Asian countries through its neighbor Turkmenistan and it has also become a fruitful regional partner for the Russian government in the post-Soviet Union era [33].According to an announcement by Eur...	26	41438679	16
Kurdistan region is used mainly for domestic consumption, while that from the north and south is exported. Based on this discussion it is reasonable to state that Iran could be a candidate for changing EU's energy portfolio in a positive way.Iran with its large resources presents a new solution to the serious issue of ...	27	41438679	16
southern Caucasus is studied [36].The conflict was considered a part of Russia's willingness to rebuild its former control sphere.The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is interested in extending its borders to western neighboring countries of Russia including Georgia and Ukraine.By this argument energy resource...	28	41438679	16
region in view of geopolitics, energy transmission and supply diversification cannot be insignificant. The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan and Baku-Supsa oil pipelines along with the Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum gas pipeline have promoted the importance of Caucasus as an energy corridor between Asia and Europe.Russia's invasion of Georgia...	29	41438679	16
comprehensive investment program in refinery capacity are significant.The European Union relies on Russia, as it was the main source for 40% of its imported natural gas last year [16].Therefore, European countries are looking for supply diversification through alternative routes such as Caucasus and Iran to improve the...	30	41438679	16
following Iran's isolation.After several rounds of nuclear talks between Iran and the western powers, UN sanctions were lifted on 16 January 2016.Consequently, Iran started increasing its oil production and exporting capacity in order to regain the market share that it had lost.Furthermore, Iran is going to introduce a...	31	41438679	16
military superiority of the US and the lack of a rival superpower to create a balance has led to replacement of global political space by a much more monolithic domination by the west.In the absence of an ideological challenger within or adjacent to the core, the Western powers in general and the US in particular, can ...	32	41438679	16
capacity.Considering the geopolitics of Iran in the Middle East and its capabilities, it can be predicted that it will be a key factor in global energy security in the next decades as it has large energy reserves and a strategic position for energy transmission.Obviously, decisions made by Iranian policymakers and thei...	33	41438679	16
rebuild the influence of the former Soviet Union but it does not have enough capacity to enforce this on states in Caucasus and Central Asia.The importance of energy transmission has converted Caucasus and Iran into a game of chess played by great powers like the US that have tried so as to bypass Iran and Russia by co...	34	41438679	16
A Novel Tactile Function Assessment Using a Miniature Tactile Stimulator Several methods for the measurement of tactile acuity have been devised previously, but unexpected nonspatial cues and intensive manual skill requirements compromise measurement accuracy. Therefore, we must urgently develop an automated, accurate,...	35	256718810	16
or impairments to haptic representation in the central nervous system (specifically in the primary sensory cortex, such as stroke) [2,3]. Therefore, tactile spatial acuity (TSA) is commonly measured to evaluate somatosensory function [4,5] and yields important information for diagnostic, functional, and prognostic purp...	36	256718810	16
allows the tactile orientation discrimination task to be performed. The tactile orientation discrimination task has been performed by healthy people [5,6], patients with neurological disorders [3,9,10], and blind Braille readers [11,12]. Studies have reported that the TSA of blind Braille readers is superior to that of...	37	256718810	16
the moving grating ball. We describe how the measurement was performed during the training and testing phases. Specifically, the orientation discrimination task was performed at a variety of motion speeds to characterize how much motion speed affected tactile acuity. We demonstrated that MTSbased orientation discrimina...	38	256718810	16
of which is illustrated in Figure 2B): rotation for producing motion, vertical excursion for controlling the depth of indentation into the skin, and arm orientation for controlling the direction of motion. Each DoF was controlled by a single motor: two DC motors controlled the rotational 5. The MTS system was set up on...	39	256718810	16
results of the task immediately after each training or testing session. 9. The grating ball, engraved with 2 mm sine-wave gratings with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.5 mm, was installed on the stimulator ( Figure 2C). 10. On each trial, the grating ball first rotated the orientation of the grating ball ( Figure 2B), an...	40	256718810	16
control parameters (indentation depth, motion direction, and rotation speed) of the grating ball; the third part was for recording the participant' responses in the orientation discrimination task, where they selected the corresponding vertically and horizontally oriented pictures on the screen; and the fourth part was...	41	256718810	16
was precise ( Figure 2B). The participants were informed of the procedure, safety precautions, and purpose of the experiment. The participants were then asked to sign the written informed consent form. 16. The experimenter measured TSA using the MTS and comprised three sessions: eyeopened training, eye-closed training,...	42	256718810	16
(horizontal or vertical). Eye-Opened Training Session 20. The participants' fingers were fixed at the appropriate location inside the finger holder (Please see numbers 9 and 10 in Section 2.2). 21. The aim of this task was to confirm that the participants understood the task structure. 22. The participants were instruc...	43	256718810	16
described in number 4 and 5 of Section 2.2.1, with a fixed surface moving speed of 40 mm/s. We employed a total of four combinations (4 directions × 1 speed) and each of the combinations was repeated six times (4 directions × 1 speed × 6 repetitions = 24 trials). 29. The accuracy, quantified by the probability that the...	44	256718810	16
Finally, the participants completed the SUS questionnaire. Data Analysis 41. The statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to compare the inter-orientation accuracy between the vertical and horizontal orientations. The Friedman te...	45	256718810	16
at least passable when SUS scores were over 70. Good products could score in the mid-70s to low-80s. Excellent products would score better than 85. Products with scores less than 70 needed to be considered for scrutiny and improvement [22]. Results Sixteen healthy participants (eight men and eight women, aged 48.50 ± 1...	46	256718810	16
The results demonstrated that tactile accuracy differed across speeds (p < 0.001, Friedman test), and the post hoc test revealed that accuracy at the highest speed (160 mm/s) was significantly inferior to that in each of the other three speeds (5, 10, and 40 mm/s, Figure 3B). This finding indicates that scanning speed ...	47	256718810	16
utility of the In addition, we examined whether the scanning speed affected the accuracy of orientation discrimination. The results showed that accuracy was significantly modulated by motion speed (whole ANOVA model here p = 0.009) and the post hoc analysis showed that 160 mm/s had a worse accuracy compared with 5 and ...	48	256718810	16
present study, we developed an MTS-based program for tactile acuity evaluation. The results demonstrated the following: (1) the examining process could be easily performed by examiners, and all of the participants passed both training sessions with accuracy above the predefined threshold, a finding that supports the ut...	49	256718810	16
The levels of TSA sequenced were highest to lowest in the lip, tongue, index or ring finger, and little finger, respectively [2,4,24]. In the present study, we chose the index finger as our measuring target for its advantages of fine TSA and easy manipulation compared with the lip or tongue. An important question is wh...	50	256718810	16
software and needed assistance from the experienced operator. In our opinion, protocols that simplified and optimized operative steps are expected to improve the users' satisfaction and its clinical usability. The MTS system and present study have several limitations. First, the sample size was small because this was a...	51	256718810	16
pathways [29,30]. Tactile direction judgments are sensitive to the direction of skin stretch, whereas low friction stimuli with minimal skin stretch, such as the rolling ball, provide only spatiotemporal cues (successive positions cues) for the direction of motion [31][32][33]. Furthermore, SA1 receptors are at least t...	52	256718810	16
Predicting the Porosity Formed in Freeze Casting by Artificial Neural Network Freeze casting has been increasingly applied to process various porous materials. A linear relationship between the final porosity and the initial solid material fraction in the suspension was reported by other researchers. However, the relat...	53	218516971	16
porous materials. 2 Given the fact that the pores are mainly controlled by the frozen solvent, almost any types of solid materials, including ceramics, metals and polymers, can be produced into porous materials via freeze casting. To date, water, camphene and tertiary-butyl alcohol (TBA) are the most reported solvents,...	54	218516971	16
sizes, binders, dispersants, etc.), freezing temperature, cooling rate, sintering temperature and time, etc. 1,2 Therefore, the complex interdependent relationships between porosity and these parameters cannot be concluded in a single, isolated paper, as almost every article has its own set of parameters. 1,2 In order ...	55	218516971	16
solve. Here, we established an artificial neural network (ANN) to build a projection from the volume fraction of solid materials in the suspension to the porosity of the final freeze-cast porous materials, involving the effects of materials and solvents characteristics. It is a mixeddata neural network which is fed by ...	56	218516971	16
the inputs and the final porosity. The schematic of the proposed ANN model is shown in Figure 1. The prediction capacity of the ANN model should be validated on the test set and all data (training set and test set) in order to compare with Reference 1 ( Table 1). If some small classifications are contained in the train...	57	218516971	16
the regression line is obtained from the samples in the same material classification or using the same solvent, the fitting is improved. Less Table S1 (SI). The norm distribution of the error also confirms the reasonability of our ANN model. Figure S2 due to a large amount of data. 8 The results can also be divided int...	58	218516971	16
error of all training data down to a numerical value. 34 Table 2. We set the batch size as 12, the learning rate as 1e-4 with a decay of 1e-7, the neuron arrangement as Figure 1 showing, and the epoch as 1000 for all training in Table 2 Depth and width of ANN model 10 The depth and width of an ANN model should be suffi...	59	218516971	16
4, 1 neurons in the first to last layer is chosen to process the data of freeze casting. Robustness Only a robust ANN model can describe an authentic and effective relationship between inputs and outputs. 36 Table 4). We set the batch size as 12, the learning rate as 1e-4 with a decay of 1e-7, the loss function as MSE,...	60	218516971	16
learning capacity could be weakened. In this study, after various attempts, 12 samples in a batch make the ANN model learn better. After 1000 epoch, most of the experiments we mentioned above show a good convergence, with stable losses in training set and test set. When the ANN model is designed and configured optimall...	61	218516971	16
Technical Efficiency of Sole Maize and Maize/Melon Intercrop in Osun State, Nigeria Intercropping has been found out to have enormous economic advantages for the farmer, although with some possible adjoining disadvantages attributable to competition and lack of adequate management. This study therefore analyzed and com...	62	244675616	16
argued in favor of one cropping system over the other [2][3][4][5]. It was reported that farmers intercropped for varied reasons [6], including insurance against crop pests, yield increment, weed control and high monetary returns to the farmers. Intercropping is a common practice in tropical developing countries becaus...	63	244675616	16
system is and compare to be able to determine which has technical advantage over the other in the study area. The objectives of the study were to determine the technical efficiency of sole maize and maize/melon intercrop farmers and factors affecting technical efficiency of sole maize and maize/melon intercrop farmers....	64	244675616	16
and a constant variance where: The technical efficiency of an individual farm is defined in terms of the observed output (Y i ) to the corresponding frontier output (Y i* ) given available technology, that is: So that, 0 1 TE ≤ ≤ . If TE=1, the farm is said to be technically efficient and its output is on the frontier....	65	244675616	16
level of output with increasing use. This may not be unconnected with the fact that as more labor and implements becomes available, utilization becomes inefficient as a result of excess supply. (*), (), and (*) denote significance at 1, 5, and 10% respectively, (∆) indicated dummy variables, SE is standard error. F...	66	244675616	16
This implies that sole maize farmers were 31% inefficient more than the inefficient maize/melon intercrop farmers (25%). This is in tandem with recent findings [4,15,22]. However, this finding negates another research [23] that in maize-melon mixtures, the sole crop components yielded higher than the corresponding crop...	67	244675616	16
maize cropping. 2. The rights to land should be strengthened to enable maize/melon intercrop farmers enjoy better technical returns from the land. 3. Also, extension agents should make more visits to the farmers, bringing more innovations and information, to ensure that farmers achieve a higher level of technical effic...	68	244675616	16
Effect of temperature changes on antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress in Nerita oryzarum collected along Atomic Power Plant sites Effect of heated euent released from the Tarapur Atomic Power Station, India were investigated by analyzing the level of antioxidant enzyme activities on Nerita oryzarum. Seasonal varia...	69	236406758	16
environment were intertidal organisms get exposed to assortment of environmental as well as anthropogenic stressors, for example thermal related stress which is very predominant due industrialization, power plants and global climate change. Oxidative stress can brie y de ne as, the production of ROS beyond the ability ...	70	236406758	16
regions, suggesting that they already get exposed to thermal stress due to exposure during tidal rhythm, any additional thermal stress, such as, heated e uent from nuclear power plant, may cross their optimum tolerance limit. In the present study, the gastropods of Nerita oryzarum was selected the study animal due to a...	71	236406758	16
(Fig. 1). Catalase analysis Catalase is present in all aerobic organisms. Within the cell, catalase in mainly located in peroxisomes and mitochondria as both soluble and membrane bound form. Catalase in alternative dismutase enzyme comprises heme moiety at its active position. It changes H 2 O 2 in H 2 O and molecular ...	72	236406758	16
protein in monsoon and 3.5 U/mg of protein in pre-monsoon season. The maximum values of SOD activity was recorded at SII location throughout study period with similar trend i.e., minimum of 13.4 U/mg of protein in postmonsoon followed by 19.2 U/mg of protein in monsoon and maximum of 27.5 U/mg of protein during pre-mon...	73	236406758	16
GST values showed the increasing trend; minimum during post-monsoon followed by monsoon and premonsoon. It was minimum of 8.9 (at SIII) nmoles/min/mg Protein during post-monsoon season. During the monsoon it varied in the range of 10.2 (at NIII and SIII) to 17 (at NI) nmoles/min/mg Protein and it increased in pre-monso...	74	236406758	16
consumption and consequently produces ROS (O 2 − , H 2 O 2 and OH − ) (Lushchak and Bagnyukova, 2006;An and Choi, 2010). The temperature limits are different for different species within which they can successfully survive, for some species the range of this limit is very narrow. The metabolic scope and stress response...	75	236406758	16
related to speci c pollutants, such as metals (Nikitha Divakaran, 2014), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Sarkar et al., 2008;Bhagat et al., 2016), oil spill (Moreira et al., 2004;Ana et al., 2009), organic-inorganic pollutants, Industrial and domestic waste disposal etc. In particular most of study focused on bivalve...	76	236406758	16
mollusks to the ROS generating stress full condition may either induce or inhibit the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Lipid peroxidation can generally be described as the process in which the carbon-carbon double bond in lipid especially PUFA (Polyunsaturated fatty acids) get attacked by oxidants such as free radicals...	77	236406758	16
oxygen consumption in Nacella concinna (Peck, 1989) and also leads to increased SOD activity in digestive gland and gills (Abele et al., 1998). de Oliveira et al., 2015 have also reported the similar trend in N. concinna gastropods that increased in temperature leads to increased SOD activity. In the present study maxi...	78	236406758	16
values shows positive correlation with pH (r = 0.439) and water temperature (r = 0.911) and also it is positively correlated with CAT (r = 0.798) and LPO (r = 0.784). M. Hu et al., 2015 also have similar results and stated that SOD activity was high in gills and digestive glands of M. coruscus kept at low pH and high t...	79	236406758	16
0 C< 40 0 C) than in control (25 0 C, CAT = 0.39 ± 0.1 mM of H 2 O 2 consume/min/mg of protein) con rmed that organism exposed to thermal stress induces the higher activity of catalase in order to cope up with oxidative stress. Abele et al., 1998, have demonstrated the thermal stress in Nacella concinna by exposing it ...	80	236406758	16
values for water temperature was reported during study period, indicates that the increased in water temperature in uence the activity of GPx. Similarly, when the organism was exposed to thermal stress also shows directly proportional relationship between GPx and water temperature. In the present study GPx activity was...	81	236406758	16
seldom (Domingues et al., 2010). Biomarkers, when used as diagnostic tool for environmental monitoring, it is important to link the response of biomarker at individual level, potential effect of pollutant on population, ecosystem and on communities of particular organism. However, often it is di cult as meaningful inte...	82	236406758	16
(Lowry et al., 1955). The standard procedure for estimation of level of lipid peroxide in organism tissue by their reaction with thiobarbituric acid developed by Ohkawa et al., 1979 was used. To estimate lipid peroxidation, 1 g of tissues was homogenized in 9 ml of ice cold 0.25 M sucrose. 0.2 ml of animal tissue homog...	83	236406758	16
proportions, were added to stop the reaction. The reaction mixture heated for 10 min. in water bath and further kept for cool. After cooling, green color was developed and the absorbance was measured at 583 nm and blank also maintained. The CAT activity was expressed as mM of H 2 O 2 consumed/min/mg of protein. Determi...	84	236406758	16
the method describe in Habig et al., (1974). The reaction mixture content 0.1 ml of tissue homogenate mixed with 1 ml of phosphate buffer (0.1 M K 2 HPO 4, EDTA-Na 2, pH 6.5) followed by 0.1 ml of CDNB (1-Chloro-2,4-Dinitrobenzene). Further, make up the volume of reaction mixture to 2.5 ml by using double distilled wat...	85	236406758	16
capacity (S Fig. 2). The sand from natural habitat of organism was spread at the bottom of a tank. The organisms were allowed to acclimatize in aerated seawater for 24 hours. Then the waterproof heater was inserted to each tank after setting it to desire temperature ranges. The 30 0 C was directly set in heater and for...	86	236406758	16
data analysis were performed, including the calculation of mean, SD, maximum and minimum. Conclusion The results of present study is prima facie work related to physiological response of gastropod of N. oryzarum related to heated e uent released from atomic power station and useful as a baseline information for future ...	87	236406758	16
NEW HEURISTIC ALGORITHMS FOR ROLLING AIR FRAME AERODYNAMIC PARAMETERS ESTIMATION In this research, based on heuristic optimization algorithms, three new strategies are developed for Aerodynamic Parameters Estimation (APE) of one pair ON-OFF actuator rolling airframe. In the 1st method namely EAM-PSO the aerodynamic par...	88	218815881	16
itself, has uncertainties arising from scaled models and wind tunnel walls effect. It also has limitations in simulating the vehicle's whole flight envelope. Flight test method is the most accurate approach for all flight conditions. Therefore, during last decades, several approaches have been developed for APE based o...	89	218815881	16
needed and estimation is done in two steps. In that article, in first step, aerodynamic forces and moments were estimated using Frazier smoother, and in second step, APE is done using EKF. Classic filters are more convenient but they have some limitations: Kalman filter is optimal only for linear systems with Gaussian ...	90	218815881	16
used in Rezaei (2015) to estimate aerodynamic coefficients of a rolling airframe. Propeller z-force and pitching moment coefficients of a small unmanned aerial vehicle are estimated through a modified PSO in Tieying, Jie, and Kewei (2015), which in, accelerations, deflection angle, and pitch rate are taken as observati...	91	218815881	16
EBM-PSO algorithm is a two-step strategy: In 1 st step, the aerodynamic forces and moments are estimated, then after passing through a designed smoothing filter, in 2 nd step, aerodynamic parameters are estimated. In EBM-PSO, the aerodynamic parameters are estimated via solving a single optimization algorithm based on ...	92	218815881	16
airframe is rigid, Vehicle has an axis-symmetric and cruciform shape, so that the moments of inertia I yy (t) and I zz (t) are identical and products of inertia moments can be discarded. Since, vehicle is modeled as symmetric in pitch and yaw planes (Aksu, 2013), the aerodynamic coefficients C y and C n are identical t...	93	218815881	16
algorithm is developed here. It starts with an initial population of randomly generated particles. For a search problem in a D-dimensional space, a particle represents a potential solution presented by its velocity and position. During a search process, each particle is attracted by its previous best particle (X best )...	94	218815881	16
this way, each dimension of the search space is normalized to vary between [0, 1] and maximum velocity of particles in each dimension of search space is set to V max = 0.2. Therefore, the velocity vector of the saturated particles is randomized as: The neighborhood structure There are various neighborhood structures li...	95	218815881	16
changed and only its best position may be changed. According to the quadratic interpolation, the position of the new particle, generated by particle j and two random particles nb1 and nb2, at t-th iteration and j-th dimension of the search space is calculated as: (20) where, x i (t,j), x nb1 (t,j), x nb2 (t,j) and x ne...	96	218815881	16
] m xm ym zm m m m a a a p q r = y with their estimated values [ , , , , , ] x y z a a a p q r By defining estimation state vector as , and estimated aerody namic para meters vector as x z z zq l lp m m mq , rolling airframe equations of motion, Eq. (2)-Eq. (10), can be stated in the following form: As can be seen, her...	97	218815881	16
dp dt , dq dt and dr dt from Eq. (5)-Eq. (7) into Eq. (28) for both accelerometers yields (Larsson, 2013): (29) Or in compact form: Two steps of EBM-PSO are described in next subsections. EBM-PSO First Step In first step of EBM-PSO, the aerodynamic forces and should be estimated using Eq. (29). But the problem is that ...	98	218815881	16
z zq l lp m m mq as aerodynamic parameters to be estimated (or optimization design variable), the estimation model can be summarized in the following vector form: The objective of this problem is to match calculated forces and moments with their estimated values, during the intended interval time, i = 1 … N, i.e.: Solv...	99	218815881	16

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The set of models, index, data associated with the paper "OpenScholar: Synthesizing Scientific Literature with Retrieval-Augmented LMs". • 7 items • Updated Mar 2 • 53