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BC_162502	Lisp Machines	While both companies delivered proprietary software, Richard Stallman believed that LMI, unlike Symbolics, had tried to avoid hurting the lab. Stallman had proclaimed that "the prospect of charging money for software was a crime against humanity." He clarified, years later, that it is blocking the user's freedom that he believes is a "crime", not the act of charging for a copy of the software.	Lisp Machines. While both companies delivered proprietary software, Richard Stallman believed that LMI, unlike Symbolics, had tried to avoid hurting the lab. Stallman had proclaimed that "the prospect of charging money for software was a crime against humanity." He clarified, years later, that it is blocking the user's freedom that he believes is a "crime", not the act of charging for a copy of the software.	1084355
BC_162503	Lisp Machines	Symbolics had recruited most of the remaining MIT hackers including notable hacker Bill Gosper, who then left the AI Lab. Symbolics forced Greenblatt to also resign at the AI lab, by citing MIT policies. So for two years at the MIT AI Lab, from 1982 to the end of 1983, Stallman singlehandedly duplicated the efforts of the Symbolics programmers, in order to prevent them from gaining a monopoly on the lab's computers. Although LMI was able to benefit from Stallman's freely available code, he was the last of the "hackers" at the lab. Later programmers would have to sign non-disclosure agreements not to share source code or technical information with other software developers.	Lisp Machines. Symbolics had recruited most of the remaining MIT hackers including notable hacker Bill Gosper, who then left the AI Lab. Symbolics forced Greenblatt to also resign at the AI lab, by citing MIT policies. So for two years at the MIT AI Lab, from 1982 to the end of 1983, Stallman singlehandedly duplicated the efforts of the Symbolics programmers, in order to prevent them from gaining a monopoly on the lab's computers. Although LMI was able to benefit from Stallman's freely available code, he was the last of the "hackers" at the lab. Later programmers would have to sign non-disclosure agreements not to share source code or technical information with other software developers.	1084355
BC_162504	Lisp Machines	Lisp Machines, Inc. sold its first LISP machines, designed at MIT, as the LMI-CADR. After a series of internal battles, Symbolics began selling the CADR from the MIT Lab as the LM-2. Symbolics had been hindered by Noftsker's promise to give Greenblatt a year's head start, and by severe delays in procuring venture capital. Symbolics still had the major advantage that while none of the AI Lab hackers had gone to work for Greenblatt, a solid 14 had signed onto Symbolics. There were two AI Lab people who choose not to be employed by either: Richard Stallman and Marvin Minsky.	Lisp Machines. Lisp Machines, Inc. sold its first LISP machines, designed at MIT, as the LMI-CADR. After a series of internal battles, Symbolics began selling the CADR from the MIT Lab as the LM-2. Symbolics had been hindered by Noftsker's promise to give Greenblatt a year's head start, and by severe delays in procuring venture capital. Symbolics still had the major advantage that while none of the AI Lab hackers had gone to work for Greenblatt, a solid 14 had signed onto Symbolics. There were two AI Lab people who choose not to be employed by either: Richard Stallman and Marvin Minsky.	1084355
BC_162505	Lisp Machines	Symbolics ended up producing around 100 LM-2s, each of which sold for $70,000. Both companies developed second-generation products based on the CADR: the Symbolics 3600 and the LMI-LAMBDA (of which LMI managed to sell around 200). The 3600, which shipped a year late, expanded on the CADR by widening the machine word to 36-bits, expanding the address space to 28-bits, and adding hardware to accelerate certain common functions that were implemented in microcode on the CADR. The LMI-LAMBDA, which came out a year after the 3600, in 1983, was mostly upward compatible with the CADR (source CADR microcode fragments could be reassembled), but there were improvements in instruction fetch and other hardware differences including use of a multiplier chip and a faster logic family and cache memory. The LAMBDA's processor cards were designed to work in a NuBus based engineering workstation, which had been originated by Steve Ward's group at MIT, and, through a separate chain of events, was being developed by Western Digital Corporation. This allowed the popular LAMBDA "2x2" configuration whereby two machines shared one infrastructure, with considerable savings. Texas Instruments (TI) joined the fray by investing in LMI after it ran out of money, purchasing and relocating the NUBUS engineering workstation unit from Western Digital, licensing the LMI-LAMBDA design and later producing its own variant, the TI Explorer.	Lisp Machines. Symbolics ended up producing around 100 LM-2s, each of which sold for $70,000. Both companies developed second-generation products based on the CADR: the Symbolics 3600 and the LMI-LAMBDA (of which LMI managed to sell around 200). The 3600, which shipped a year late, expanded on the CADR by widening the machine word to 36-bits, expanding the address space to 28-bits, and adding hardware to accelerate certain common functions that were implemented in microcode on the CADR. The LMI-LAMBDA, which came out a year after the 3600, in 1983, was mostly upward compatible with the CADR (source CADR microcode fragments could be reassembled), but there were improvements in instruction fetch and other hardware differences including use of a multiplier chip and a faster logic family and cache memory. The LAMBDA's processor cards were designed to work in a NuBus based engineering workstation, which had been originated by Steve Ward's group at MIT, and, through a separate chain of events, was being developed by Western Digital Corporation. This allowed the popular LAMBDA "2x2" configuration whereby two machines shared one infrastructure, with considerable savings. Texas Instruments (TI) joined the fray by investing in LMI after it ran out of money, purchasing and relocating the NUBUS engineering workstation unit from Western Digital, licensing the LMI-LAMBDA design and later producing its own variant, the TI Explorer.	1084355
BC_162506	Lisp Machines	Symbolics continued to develop the 3600 family and its operating system, Genera, and produced the Ivory, a VLSI chip implementation of the Symbolics architecture. Texas Instruments shrunk the Explorer into silicon as the Explorer II and later the MicroExplorer. LMI abandoned the CADR architecture and developed its own K-Machine, but LMI went bankrupt in 1987 before the machine could be brought to market.	Lisp Machines. Symbolics continued to develop the 3600 family and its operating system, Genera, and produced the Ivory, a VLSI chip implementation of the Symbolics architecture. Texas Instruments shrunk the Explorer into silicon as the Explorer II and later the MicroExplorer. LMI abandoned the CADR architecture and developed its own K-Machine, but LMI went bankrupt in 1987 before the machine could be brought to market.	1084355
BC_162507	Lisp Machines	LMI was reincarnated as GigaMos Systems; Greenblatt was one of its officers. GigaMos, through the ownership of a Canadian backer named Guy Montpetit, bought the assets of LMI through a Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization. Prior to the incorporation of GigaMos, LMI developed a new Lisp machine called the "K-machine" which used a RISC-like architecture. Montpetit subsequently became embroiled in a 1989 Canadian political scandal which, as a side-effect, resulted in the seizure of all the assets of GigaMos, rendering the company unable to meet payroll.	Lisp Machines. LMI was reincarnated as GigaMos Systems; Greenblatt was one of its officers. GigaMos, through the ownership of a Canadian backer named Guy Montpetit, bought the assets of LMI through a Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization. Prior to the incorporation of GigaMos, LMI developed a new Lisp machine called the "K-machine" which used a RISC-like architecture. Montpetit subsequently became embroiled in a 1989 Canadian political scandal which, as a side-effect, resulted in the seizure of all the assets of GigaMos, rendering the company unable to meet payroll.	1084355
BC_162508	Lisp Machines	Ironically enough, the infighting between LMI and Symbolics inspired Richard Stallman to start software development for the GNU operating system in January 1984, and the Free Software Foundation (FSF) in October 1985. These were forerunners of the Open Source movement and the linux operating system, which are popular and thriving today, after Lisp Machines have been consigned to history.	Lisp Machines. Ironically enough, the infighting between LMI and Symbolics inspired Richard Stallman to start software development for the GNU operating system in January 1984, and the Free Software Foundation (FSF) in October 1985. These were forerunners of the Open Source movement and the linux operating system, which are popular and thriving today, after Lisp Machines have been consigned to history.	1084355
BC_162509	Sun protection	Sun protection	Sun protection. Sun protection	1084367
BC_162510	Sun protection	Sun protection refers to :	Sun protection. Sun protection refers to :	1084367
BC_162511	TAT1	TAT1	TAT1. TAT1	1084369
BC_162512	TAT1	TAT1 may refer to:	TAT1. TAT1 may refer to:	1084369
BC_162513	Big Choice	Big Choice	Big Choice. Big Choice	1084370
BC_162514	Big Choice	Big Choice is the second full-length album by the California punk band Face to Face in 1995. The original version of the album was released on Victory Music and re-released on A&M Records in 1995.	Big Choice. Big Choice is the second full-length album by the California punk band Face to Face in 1995. The original version of the album was released on Victory Music and re-released on A&M Records in 1995.	1084370
BC_162515	Big Choice	All songs written by Trever Keith and Matt Riddle unless otherwise noted.	Big Choice. All songs written by Trever Keith and Matt Riddle unless otherwise noted.	1084370
BC_162516	Big Choice	The '*' marks indicate that it's a bonus track. Those songs were featured on the 1995 re-release as bonus tracks. The original pressing had just the first eleven tracks. The twelfth track is sometimes referred to as "Untitled" or "Song 12", but is actually titled as blank. The track features a conversation about re-recording "Disconnected", which originally appeared on their first album "Don't Turn Away" and would be the following track on this album, because no one could "hear a single" until KROQ-FM first played it. However, the track is not featured on the track listing from the back cover of the album. Rock poster artist Jim Evans (T.A.Z.), worked closely with the band to create the unique album art featuring the "Big Choice" game machine.	Big Choice. The '*' marks indicate that it's a bonus track. Those songs were featured on the 1995 re-release as bonus tracks. The original pressing had just the first eleven tracks. The twelfth track is sometimes referred to as "Untitled" or "Song 12", but is actually titled as blank. The track features a conversation about re-recording "Disconnected", which originally appeared on their first album "Don't Turn Away" and would be the following track on this album, because no one could "hear a single" until KROQ-FM first played it. However, the track is not featured on the track listing from the back cover of the album. Rock poster artist Jim Evans (T.A.Z.), worked closely with the band to create the unique album art featuring the "Big Choice" game machine.	1084370
BC_162517	Big Choice	Additional personnel	Big Choice. Additional personnel	1084370
BC_162518	Lochnagar	Lochnagar	Lochnagar. Lochnagar	1084391
BC_162519	Lochnagar	Lochnagar ( ) or Beinn Chìochan is a mountain in the Grampians of Scotland, located about five miles south of the River Dee near Balmoral.	Lochnagar. Lochnagar ( ) or Beinn Chìochan is a mountain in the Grampians of Scotland, located about five miles south of the River Dee near Balmoral.	1084391
BC_162520	Lochnagar	Technically, the English name is a misunderstanding, being named after Lochan na Gaire, the 'little loch of the noisy sound', a loch to be found in the mountain's northeast corrie. Today the lochan is popularly called Lochnagar too. The summit itself may be referred to as Cac Càrn Beag, meaning "small cairn of faeces" in Scottish Gaelic.	Lochnagar. Technically, the English name is a misunderstanding, being named after Lochan na Gaire, the 'little loch of the noisy sound', a loch to be found in the mountain's northeast corrie. Today the lochan is popularly called Lochnagar too. The summit itself may be referred to as Cac Càrn Beag, meaning "small cairn of faeces" in Scottish Gaelic.	1084391
BC_162521	Lochnagar	"Beinn Chìochan" (mountain of breasts) is an alternative Gaelic name.	Lochnagar. "Beinn Chìochan" (mountain of breasts) is an alternative Gaelic name.	1084391
BC_162522	Lochnagar	The mountain's principal feature is a north-facing corrie around which most of the subsidiary tops as well as the main peak sit. The mountain is a Munro and is popular with hillwalkers at all times of the year. The most common ascent route is from Glen Muick. Care should be taken on the summit in poor visibility: the plateau has few obvious features and has steep cliffs on its northern edge.	Lochnagar. The mountain's principal feature is a north-facing corrie around which most of the subsidiary tops as well as the main peak sit. The mountain is a Munro and is popular with hillwalkers at all times of the year. The most common ascent route is from Glen Muick. Care should be taken on the summit in poor visibility: the plateau has few obvious features and has steep cliffs on its northern edge.	1084391
BC_162523	Lochnagar	The peak also lends its name to the poem "Lachin y Gair" (also known as "Dark Lochnagar") by Lord Byron, and the song based on it.	Lochnagar. The peak also lends its name to the poem "Lachin y Gair" (also known as "Dark Lochnagar") by Lord Byron, and the song based on it.	1084391
BC_162524	Lochnagar	A malt-whisky distillery located near the Balmoral estate on the south side of the River Dee produces the Royal Lochnagar Single Malt whisky.	Lochnagar. A malt-whisky distillery located near the Balmoral estate on the south side of the River Dee produces the Royal Lochnagar Single Malt whisky.	1084391
BC_162525	Lochnagar	The mountain is a site for breeding Dotterel ("Charadrius morinellus") and this has led it to be designated as a Special Protection Area.	Lochnagar. The mountain is a site for breeding Dotterel ("Charadrius morinellus") and this has led it to be designated as a Special Protection Area.	1084391
BC_162526	Lochnagar	Lochnagar is located on the Royal Estate of Balmoral, and the mountain itself has royal links. It is the setting for a children's story, "The Old Man of Lochnagar", originally told by Prince Charles.	Lochnagar. Lochnagar is located on the Royal Estate of Balmoral, and the mountain itself has royal links. It is the setting for a children's story, "The Old Man of Lochnagar", originally told by Prince Charles.	1084391
BC_162527	Lochnagar	In the film "Mrs. Brown", John Brown and Benjamin Disraeli hike up Lochnagar to discuss the need for Queen Victoria to return to active involvement with government.	Lochnagar. In the film "Mrs. Brown", John Brown and Benjamin Disraeli hike up Lochnagar to discuss the need for Queen Victoria to return to active involvement with government.	1084391
BC_162528	Lochnagar	Lochnagar experiences an Alpine Tundra Climate, with freezing, snowy winters and cold summers. The nearest UK Met Office weather station is at Braemar 6.6 mi northwest. The yearly temperature range is usually between -6.6 °C and 9.4 °C , but it can be slightly warmer and colder. January has the highest average frosts, despite February nights being colder; January has an average of 26.9 frost days, compared with 24.3 in February. There is the risk of a frost at any time of the year, even in July and August, when each month averages 1 air frost every 10 years.	Lochnagar. Lochnagar experiences an Alpine Tundra Climate, with freezing, snowy winters and cold summers. The nearest UK Met Office weather station is at Braemar 6.6 mi northwest. The yearly temperature range is usually between -6.6 °C and 9.4 °C , but it can be slightly warmer and colder. January has the highest average frosts, despite February nights being colder; January has an average of 26.9 frost days, compared with 24.3 in February. There is the risk of a frost at any time of the year, even in July and August, when each month averages 1 air frost every 10 years.	1084391
BC_162529	Burning Point	Burning Point	Burning Point. Burning Point	1084392
BC_162530	Burning Point	Burning Point is a Power metal band, founded 1997 in Oulu, Finland.	Burning Point. Burning Point is a Power metal band, founded 1997 in Oulu, Finland.	1084392
BC_162531	Self-surgery	Self-surgery	Self-surgery. Self-surgery	1084394
BC_162532	Self-surgery	Self-surgery is the act of performing a surgical procedure on oneself. It can be an act taken in extreme circumstances out of necessity, an attempt to avoid embarrassment, legal action, or financial costs, or a rare manifestation of a psychological disorder.	Self-surgery. Self-surgery is the act of performing a surgical procedure on oneself. It can be an act taken in extreme circumstances out of necessity, an attempt to avoid embarrassment, legal action, or financial costs, or a rare manifestation of a psychological disorder.	1084394
BC_162533	Self-surgery	These surgeries are generally the least life-threatening. Sometimes people resort to self-surgery in the form of castration in an attempt to control their sexual urges, or due to gender dysphoria.	Self-surgery. These surgeries are generally the least life-threatening. Sometimes people resort to self-surgery in the form of castration in an attempt to control their sexual urges, or due to gender dysphoria.	1084394
BC_162534	Self-surgery	Boston Corbett, the soldier who killed Abraham Lincoln's assassin John Wilkes Booth, had performed self-surgery earlier in life. He castrated himself with a pair of scissors in order to avoid the temptation of prostitutes. Afterwards he went to a prayer meeting and ate a meal before going for medical treatment.	Self-surgery. Boston Corbett, the soldier who killed Abraham Lincoln's assassin John Wilkes Booth, had performed self-surgery earlier in life. He castrated himself with a pair of scissors in order to avoid the temptation of prostitutes. Afterwards he went to a prayer meeting and ate a meal before going for medical treatment.	1084394
BC_162535	Self-surgery	Successful abdominal self-surgery is extremely rare. A few well-publicized cases have found their way into the medical literature.	Self-surgery. Successful abdominal self-surgery is extremely rare. A few well-publicized cases have found their way into the medical literature.	1084394
BC_162536	Self-surgery	Jerri Nielsen was the sole physician on duty at the U.S. National Science Foundation Amundsen–Scott Antarctic research station in 1999 when she found a lump on her breast. She was forced to biopsy the lump herself. Her experience made international news and was the basis for her autobiography, "Ice Bound". The lump was found to be cancerous, so she self-administered chemotherapeutic agents. She remained cancer-free for several years but died in 2009 after her cancer reappeared and spread to her brain.	Self-surgery. Jerri Nielsen was the sole physician on duty at the U.S. National Science Foundation Amundsen–Scott Antarctic research station in 1999 when she found a lump on her breast. She was forced to biopsy the lump herself. Her experience made international news and was the basis for her autobiography, "Ice Bound". The lump was found to be cancerous, so she self-administered chemotherapeutic agents. She remained cancer-free for several years but died in 2009 after her cancer reappeared and spread to her brain.	1084394
BC_162537	Self-surgery	Trepanation involves drilling a hole in the skull. The most famous instances of self-trepanation is that of Amanda Feilding, Joey Mellen (Feilding's domestic partner), and Bart Huges (who influenced Mellen and Feilding).	Self-surgery. Trepanation involves drilling a hole in the skull. The most famous instances of self-trepanation is that of Amanda Feilding, Joey Mellen (Feilding's domestic partner), and Bart Huges (who influenced Mellen and Feilding).	1084394
BC_162538	Josh Holloway	Josh Holloway	Josh Holloway. Josh Holloway	1084395
BC_162539	Josh Holloway	Josh Lee Holloway (born July 20, 1969) is an American actor, model and producer, best known for his roles as James "Sawyer" Ford on the American television show "Lost" and as Gabriel Vaughn in the CBS drama "Intelligence". He currently stars as Will Bowman on the science fiction drama "Colony".	Josh Holloway. Josh Lee Holloway (born July 20, 1969) is an American actor, model and producer, best known for his roles as James "Sawyer" Ford on the American television show "Lost" and as Gabriel Vaughn in the CBS drama "Intelligence". He currently stars as Will Bowman on the science fiction drama "Colony".	1084395
BC_162540	Josh Holloway	Holloway was born in San Jose, California, the second of four boys of a nurse mother and a surveyor father. His family moved to the Blue Ridge Mountains of Georgia when he was two. He was raised in Free Home, Georgia. Holloway is related to Baptist preacher Dr. Dale Holloway and author and World War II prisoner-of-war Carl Holloway. He is also a descendant of Robert E. Lee. Holloway attended Cherokee High School in Canton, Georgia, graduating in 1987. He developed an interest in movies at a very young age. He studied at the University of Georgia but left after one quarter due to financial constraints.	Josh Holloway. Holloway was born in San Jose, California, the second of four boys of a nurse mother and a surveyor father. His family moved to the Blue Ridge Mountains of Georgia when he was two. He was raised in Free Home, Georgia. Holloway is related to Baptist preacher Dr. Dale Holloway and author and World War II prisoner-of-war Carl Holloway. He is also a descendant of Robert E. Lee. Holloway attended Cherokee High School in Canton, Georgia, graduating in 1987. He developed an interest in movies at a very young age. He studied at the University of Georgia but left after one quarter due to financial constraints.	1084395
BC_162541	Josh Holloway	Holloway moved to Los Angeles, where he began a successful career as a runway and print model, including for brands Dolce & Gabbana, Calvin Klein and Donna Karan. In 1993, Holloway appeared in the Aerosmith video for the song "Cryin'" as a thief who tries to steal Alicia Silverstone's purse from a diner, only to be caught and beaten up by her.	Josh Holloway. Holloway moved to Los Angeles, where he began a successful career as a runway and print model, including for brands Dolce & Gabbana, Calvin Klein and Donna Karan. In 1993, Holloway appeared in the Aerosmith video for the song "Cryin'" as a thief who tries to steal Alicia Silverstone's purse from a diner, only to be caught and beaten up by her.	1084395