Interesting web sites

Here are some interesting sites that are not directly related to my work or my teaching.

Search engines, directories, reference
Words: dictionaries, thesauri, and more
Current events and politics
Art, music, movies, and popular culture
Literature and history
Science and research
Mathematics and logic
Engineering and technology
Education
Graphics and information design
Programming and software design
Internet technology and milieu
Security and privacy
Coping with technology
Three great faiths
Geek culture
In a category by themselves

Recent updates listed here, older updates here. Use your browser's reload or refresh button to get the latest version. Most sections are longer than a screenful, keep scrolling. Some links appear in more than one section.


Search engines, directories, and reference works

(See also Words, Internet search)

Google search engine, directions and technical information, web service APIs
http://www.google.com/, also cheatsheet.html, help/features.html, apis/index.html
http://www.googleguide.com/advanced_operators_reference.html

Google history and assessment, excellent review by John Lanchester in LRB
http://www.lrb.co.uk/v28/n02/print/lanc01_.html

Google (etc.) in the news (recent articles at top)
http://www.slate.com/toolbar.aspx?action=print&id=2286432 (Google, Facebook and Twitter in Egypt)
http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/print/200803/chinese-firewall (Chinese firewall)
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0DE6DB173FF930A15757C0A9609C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print
(Google, Yahoo etc. in China. NYT Magazine, Apr 23, 2006)
http://news.com.com/2102-1029_3-6029042.html?tag=st.util.print (federal subpoena)
http://money.cnn.com/2005/08/05/technology/google_cnet/ (privacy, CNET blackball)
http://www.theonion.com/content/node/40076/print/

Usenet News searchable archive at Google (formerly at Deja.com)
http://groups.google.com/, also advanced_search?q=&

Internet Archive: Wayback Machine (retrieve vanished web sites)
http://archive.org/web/web.php
for example http://wayback.archive.org/web/20040901000000*/http://unununium.org

Wikipedia, an on-line encyclopedia written and revised by anyone interested
http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Main_Page, also wiki/wikipedia:Featured_articles, wiki/wikipedia:Welcome_newcomers

Wikipedia history, assessment, appreciation, and disenchantment
http://www.newyorker.com/printables/fact/060731fa_fact
http://www.nybooks.com/articles/21131
http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/lanier06/lanier06_index.html

WikiHow, how-to manual that you can edit
http://wiki.ehow.com/Main-Page

Ask MetaFilter, questions and answers on all sorts of topics
http://ask.metafilter.com/, for example popularfavoriteall, What-single-book-is-the-best-introduction-to-your-field-or-specialization-within-your-field-for-laypeople, What-are-the-most-wellwritten-textbooks, Classical-classics, Contemporary-Art-History-and-Theory, WWI-what-happened, You-are-Socrates-I-am-Menos-slave, Past-performance-future-results-ampc, Recommendations-for-PC-drawing-tablet, How-can-I-break-into-an-empty-filing-cabinet, Oh-so-youre-a-insert-profession-here-How-insert-whacky-generalization-and-misguided-curiosity-here, What-are-some-good-songs-to-bring-to-my-human-dissection-class, Help-me-unlock-the-power-of-the-four-chords, The-Old-Man-and-the-C-Drive, Whats-the-bless-your-heart-of-your-field, Help-Really-Cool-Nonprofit-Reptile-Park-Not-Have-Unusably-Sucky-Web-Site, Whats-the-Best-Thing-Youve-Ever-Seen-Here, What-are-the-most-interesting-obituaries-from-the-NYTIMES-or-ECONOMIST, Smells-that-dont-exist-anymore-or-are-harder-to-find-in-real-life, Nasty-harsh-scathing-literary-criticism
etc., etc., ... also http://mssv.net/wiki.cgi?FrequentlyAskedOfMetafilter
founder's comments: http://metatalk.metafilter.com/16577/How-Not-To-Sell-Out
http://metatalk.metafilter.com/19422/Are-You-Interested-in-Business-Opportunities#782894
http://a.wholelottanothing.org/2009/07/i-get-by-with-a-little-help-from-94552-friends.html
http://metatalk.metafilter.com/20458/Matts-2011-SXSW-Talk

Well-written academic books, great first paragraphs
http://crookedtimber.org/2005/05/25/academic-bestsellers/, 2007/02/19/the-challenge-of-affluence/

Open Directory Project, a Yahoo-like directory maintained by volunteers (no ads)
http://dmoz.org

WWW Virtual Library, another noncommercial directory
http://www.vlib.org

Ibiblio (formerly Sunsite and Metalab), noncommerical directory in magazine format
http://www.ibiblio.org/

Invisible Web, resources said to be unreachable by ordinary search engines
http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Internet/InvisibleWeb.html

Useful sites for reporters, researchers, and other nosy people
http://www.schaver.com/websites.htm

Internet FAQ Archives, frequently asked questions, with answers
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/


Words: dictionaries, thesauri, and more

(See also Reference)

For definitions, just (for example) define:induction in Google search box

Google Books Ngram Viewer
http://ngrams.googlelabs.com/
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2010/12/15/science.1199644

OneLook dictionary search with links to many general and specialized dictionaries, wildcards, reverse dictionary
http://www.onelook.com/?w=induction, also ?w=induc*, ?c=faq#patterns, reverse-dictionary.shtml

WordReference.com: dictionary + thesaurus tree browser
http://www.wordreference.com/definition/induction

MyEtymology, word origins
http://www.myetymology.com/

Double-tounged dictionary, slang and colorful expressions
http://www.doubletongued.org/, for example index.php/citations/violin_hickey_1/

Wordie, "like Flickr but without the photos"
http://wordie.org/, for example lists/7519?s=a&d=a

Wordnik (formerly Wordie) goes big time
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/01/business/wordniks-online-dictionary-no-arbiters-please.html?_r=1&pagewanted=print

Lexical Freenet
http://www.lexfn.com/

Internet anagram server
http://www.wordsmith.org/anagram/

How to write a spelling corrector
http://www.norvig.com/spell-correct.html

How Google Translate works
http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/features/how-google-translate-works-2353594.html?printService=print

Automatic computer science paper generator, links to other generators
http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/scigen/

Magnetic poetry
http://www.broken-notebook.com/magnetic/


Current events and politics

Now, daily, weekly, topical, historical, organizations and projects

Now

popurls
http://popurls.com/

newsmap
http://newsmap.jp/
about http://www.marumushi.com/apps/newsmap

Google news
http://news.google.com/, also intl/en_us/about_google_news.html

Daily

NY Times tag cloud
http://www.nytimes.com/gst/mostsearched.html?format=tagcloud

BBC day in pictures
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/

Boston Globe big picture (new on Mon Wed Fri)
http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/

Wikipedia current events
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_events

Arts and Letters Daily
http://www.aldaily.com/alt/

Omnivore
http://www.bookforum.com/blog/

n + 1
http://nplusonemag.com/, especially n1br

SciTech Daily
http://scitechdaily.com/

Boing Boing
http://www.boingboing.net/

Slashdot "politics for nerds"
http://politics.slashdot.org/

Weekly

New Yorker, current issue, many but not all articles online
http://www.newyorker.com/main/magazine/

New Yorker archive search, with example
http://www.newyorker.com/search/query?query=Groopman%20OR%20Gawande&sort=publishDate%20desc,%20score%20desc&queryType=nonparsed

New Yorker, RSS feed of last several (four or five) issues
http://news.google.com/news?scoring=d&num=100&q=%2Bthe+source:new_yorker
http://greg.org/archive/2005/09/03/finally_new_yorker_articles_via_rss.html

New Yorker article database, Nov 2003 -- Nov 2005, also Sept 2001
http://greg.org/archive/new_yorker_magazine_database.php
http://greg.org/archive/2003/11/24/this_week_in_the_new_yorker_a_new_service_of_gregorg.html

New York Review of Books: many but not all articles online, well-indexed archives back to 1963
http://www.nybooks.com/

The Onion
http://www.theonion.com/content/index

The Onion: 25 years of favorite stories
http://www.metafilter.com/131441/Area-Man-Realizes-Hes-Been-Reading-Fake-News-For-25-Years

Ironic Times
http://www.ironictimes.com/

Topical

About weblogs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog
http://www.myelin.co.nz/ecosystem/ (defunct, interesting anyway)

Blogs on politics and current events, many examples linked and reviewed (August 2009)
http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22960

Weblog enthusiasm and disenchantment
http://michaelnielsen.org/blog/?p=545
http://www.christianitytoday.com/bc/2006/003/17.36.html
http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2010/02/14/this_is_the_title_of_a_typical_incendiary_blog_post?mode=PF
also http://faultline.org/index.php/site/item/incendiary/ (with comments)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2884299

"The Web We Have To Save", blogs' audiences have been captured and domesticated by Facebook et al. (2015)
(by an Iranian blogger jailed for his activities in 2008, written after his release in 2015)
https://medium.com/matter/the-web-we-have-to-save-2eb1fe15a426
comments http://www.metafilter.com/151229/The-Web-We-Have-to-Save

Google history and assessment, excellent review by John Lanchester in LRB
http://www.lrb.co.uk/v28/n02/print/lanc01_.html

Atlantic Monthly: archives and notable articles
http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/backissues.htm
http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200603u/national-magazine-awards

Harper's archive, 1850 -
http://www.harpers.org/archive

Phil Agre's newsletters: technology and society, politics, design, philosophy
http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre/notes.html, also urls.html (RRE notes 1996-'02, urls '98-'04)
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/pagre/ (RRE 2001 -- 2005)
http://web.archive.org/web/20040602193512/commons.somewhere.com/rre/ (RRE 1994 -- 2004)
http://web.archive.org/web/20011119200823/groups.yahoo.com/group/rre/ (RRE 1994 -- 2000)
http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre/tno.html, also back.html (TNO 1994 -- 1996)
http://omniorthogonal.blogspot.com/2009/11/phil-agre-appreciation.html (Phil Agre is missing)
http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2010/01/missing_internet_pioneer_phil.html (Phil Agre found)

Historical but always relevant

Orwell on political writing, very pertinent to other topics also
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/orwell46.htm
http://eserver.org/langs/politics-english-language.txt
Other writings:   http://www.orwell.ru/library/index_en, for example
essays/joys/english/e_joys (ghastly boarding school, childhood terrors, snobs and hypocrisy, search for contradicted one another, sheer vulgar fatness, lunatic misunderstandings)
essays/lear/english/e_ltf (Tolstoy, religion vs. humanism, search for exuberance, does not know, rob others, humanist assumption, not a saint)
reviews/swift/english/e_swift (Swift, pessimism, envy, and reaction, search for hates the very idea, his horror, totalitarian tendency, Tory anarchist, weak and ridiculous, endless harping, terrible intensity)
reviews/gandhi/english/e_gandhi (Gandhi, saintliness vs. humanism, search for noble one, one must choose)

100 American speeches (text, many with links to MP3 recordings)
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/top100speechesbydecade.html

Martin Luther King, lesser known speeches, also RFK on MLK (text, with links to MP3 recordings)
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkatimetobreaksilence.htm (April 4, 1967, on Vietnam)
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkivebeentothemountaintop.htm (April 3, 1968, in Memphis)
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/robertkennedyonmartinlutherking.html (April 4, 1968)

Organizations and projects

Electronic Frontier Foundation
http://www.eff.org/sitemap.php

ACM public policy committee: intellectual property, security, privacy, cryptography, Internet governance
http://www.acm.org/usacm/, also   http://www.acm.org/usacm/AreasofInterest.htm

Hacktivism and human rights: using technology to fight abuses and protect people
http://cultdeadcow.com/panel2001/hacktivism_panel.htm

Scorecard and Action Network: reporting on pollution, influencing decision makers
http://philip.greenspun.com/panda/better-living

Organize to win: a grassroots activist's handbook
http://www.britell.com/text/tgrassroots.html

WorldChanging, enviro-tech blog
http://www.worldchanging.com/


The arts and popular culture

Painting and drawing, music, movies, people

Painting and drawing

Paintings, indexed by artist
http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/

Museum of online museums
http://www.coudal.com/moom/

Comics, samples indexed by artist (dealer's site, but low-key and helpful)
http://www.lambiek.net/artists/index.htm

Cartoonists' sketchbooks: Anders Nilsen, Jeffrey Brown, Kate Beaton, Ruth Modan, Chris Ware
http://www.theguardian.com/books/series/a-look-inside-the-cartoonists-sketchbook

Wally Wood's 22 panels that always work
http://joeljohnson.com/images2/wallywood22panel1600.jpg, also archives/2006/08/wally_woods_22.html

Drawn! Illustration and cartooning blog
http://drawn.ca/

(More comics in geek culture)

Seeing.Thinking.Drawing. Frank Chin's blog: architecture, Seattle, and more
http://www.frankching.com/wordpress/
about http://www.metafilter.com/130288/SeeingThinkingDrawing

Books on modern art history, criticism, theory
http://ask.metafilter.com/126006/Contemporary-Art-History-and-Theory

Music

(See also music synthesis)

100 most important American musical works of the 20th century, chosen by NPR staff (RealPlayer)
http://www.npr.org/programs/specials/vote/list100.html

100 essential jazz albums, chosen by David Remick and Richard Brody
http://www.newyorker.com/online/2008/05/19/080519on_onlineonly_remnick?printable=true

20th century classical music, audio clips for works discussed in The Rest Is Noise
http://www.therestisnoise.com/2007/01/book-audiofiles.html

Classical music recordings
http://ask.metafilter.com/94259/Classical-classics

Classical music performances on YouTube
http://ask.metafilter.com/126242/Create-A-Playlist-For-Me

Chord progressions, music theory
http://ask.metafilter.com/123361/Help-me-unlock-the-power-of-the-four-chords, also determine-key-from-chords

Map of musical influences, by Ethan Hein
http://www.ethanhein.com/influence_map.html

Thelonius Monk quartet with John Coltrane at Carnegie Hall (Flash)
http://www.bluenote.com/monkcoltrane/player.html

Thelonius Monk's musical advice (scroll down for easier-to-read transcript)
http://1heckofaguy.com/2009/01/03/thelonious-monks-advice-archived-by-steve-lacy/

Grateful Dead: 3000 complete shows at Internet archive, other Dead lore
http://www.archive.org/details/GratefulDead
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/12/arts/music/12ratl.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all
http://www.deaddisc.com/GDFD_Songs_Perf.htm
http://artsites.ucsc.edu/GDead/agdl/
http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/11/26/121126fa_fact_paumgarten?printable=true

Blues, gospel, folk recordings and photos from the Library of Congress (MP3, Real Audio, others)
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ftvhtml/ftvhome.html, also lohtml/lohome.html, hrhtml/hrhome.html

All Music Guide, discography (commercial, but comprehensive and well-organized)
http://www.allmusic.com/, also http://www.allclassical.com/

Finale, WYSIWIG music editing and typesetting
http://www.finalemusic.com/notepad/

Lilypond, non-WYSIWIG music editing and typesetting
http://lilypond.org/doc/v2.16/Documentation/web/index.html

abc, text-based music notation, popular for folk, traditional, and early music
http://abcnotation.com/, tune collections tunes/

The Session, online tune exchange, large community, nice design, abc notation
http://thesession.org/

Petrucci, public domain music library, over 300,000 scores
http://imslp.org/

Mutopia, free sheet music, typeset in Lilypond (above), over 1900 scores
http://www.mutopiaproject.org/

Music manuscript paper
http://www.freestaffpaper.cjb.net/
http://www.lib.virginia.edu/dmmc/Music/Musicpaper/

Music notation, in BibliOdyssey
http://bibliodyssey.blogspot.com/2006/07/visual-context-of-music.html

Music Thing, synthesizers and more
http://musicthing.blogspot.com/

Movies

Movie databases, search in many categories, some entries offer preview clips
http://us.imdb.com/Search/
http://www.allmovie.com/

Many classic movie clips have been posted to YouTube, for example...
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Fred+Astaire&search=Search

Classic movie trailers, clips, and stills (RealPlayer or Windows Media Player)
http://turnerclassicmovies.com/Multimedia/Index/

Movie trailers (many broken links and ads, Quicktime)
http://www.movie-list.com/nowplaying.shtml

People

BBC audio interviews: artists, writers, performers (RealPlayer)
http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/audiointerviews/, also books/features/, music/features/

Fresh Air radio interviews: current show, archive, search (RealPlayer, Windows Media)
http://www.npr.org/templates/rundowns/rundown.php?prgId=13
http://www.npr.org/rundowns/calendar/calendar.php?prgId=13
http://search.npr.org/search97cgi/s97_cgi?ResultTemplate=allow_re_sort.hts&newQuery=1

This American Life radio episodes, recommendations from staff and others
http://www.thislife.org/Radio_Favorites.aspx
http://ask.metafilter.com/20670/This-American-Life, also 90513/Best-episode-to-introduce-someone-to-This-American-Life


Literature and history

Writing, history

Writing

Digests, journals, authors, classics, essays

Digests

Arts and Letters Daily (many book review journals linked at left column, scroll down)
http://www.aldaily.com/alt/

Literary Hub
http://lithub.com/
for example haruki-murakami-the-moment-i-became-a-novelist/

Omnivore
http://www.bookforum.com/blog/

Journals

(see also Weeklies)

New Yorker
http://www.newyorker.com/, also contributors
for contributors not listed, try: http://www.newyorker.com/contributors/haruki-murakami, etc.

New York Review of Books: many but not all articles online, well-indexed archives back to 1963
http://www.nybooks.com/

n + 1
http://nplusonemag.com/, especially n1br

McSweeny's
http://www.mcsweeneys.net/, also links/lists/

Best magazine articles
http://www.kk.org/cooltools/the-best-magazi.php

Longform.org (boldfaced title links directly to article, alternative to Instapaper at "read" links)
http://longform.org/

Authors

Paris Review, interviews with writers back through the 1950's
http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews

Course syllabi by famous authors
http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/02/i-urge-you-to-drop-e67-02-course-syllabi-by-famous-authors/273578/

Handwritten outlines of famous literary works by their authors
http://designtaxi.com/news/357610/The-Handwritten-Outlines-Of-Famous-Literary-Works-By-Their-Authors/

Letters of note, an archive of fascinating correspondence
http://www.lettersofnote.com/

Classics

On-line books
http://gutenberg.net/
http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/
http://directory.google.com/Top/Arts/Literature/Electronic_Text_Archives/

100 best first and last lines from novels
http://americanbookreview.org/100BestLines.asp, also PDF/100_Best_Last_Lines_from_Novels.pdf

Best sentences and first and last lines, several collections, even more in comments
http://www.metafilter.com/137798/A-literary-list-of-lists-best-sentences-opening-and-closing-lines

The 200 Greatest Adventure Novels of All Time, including wonderful cover art
http://hilobrow.com/adventure/

Well-written academic books, great first paragraphs
http://crookedtimber.org/2005/05/25/academic-bestsellers/, 2007/02/19/the-challenge-of-affluence/

Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow synopsis with artwork
http://www.themodernword.com/gr/

Essays and criticism

Why study literature, how to teach it (and how not to)
https://www.commentarymagazine.com/article/why-college-kids-are-avoiding-the-study-of-literature/

Scathing reviews
http://ask.metafilter.com/273095/Nasty-harsh-scathing-literary-criticism

History

Ancient Rome, the evidence
http://www.quora.com/Is-there-any-archaeological-proof-of-the-existence-of-the-Roman-Empire?share=1


Science and research

(See also education)

Breaking news, journalism, careers, DIY, literature, biology, chemistry, physics, astronomy

Breaking news

Nature, news, current issue contents
http://www.nature.com/news/index.html
http://www.nature.com/nature/current_issue/redirect.taf

Science, news, current issue contents
http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/current/

Wikipedia current science and technology events
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_science_and_technology_events

Slashdot science
http://science.slashdot.org/

Journalism, popular science writing, teaching, philosophy, history

SciTech Daily
http://scitechdaily.com/

American Scientist (nearest thing to the Scientific American of old)
http://www.americanscientist.org/template/CurrentIssue

Elegant experiments
http://ask.metafilter.com/199790/Help-me-find-elegance-in-science-and-experimental-design

Why teach science at universities?
http://www.thecrimson.com/printerfriendly.aspx?ref=515314

What is a scientific theory?
http://www.physicstoday.org/vol-59/iss-7/p46.html

What is the purpose of a scientific theory?
http://www.qubit.org/people/david/FabricOfReality/FoRExtract.html

Core scientific knowledge in one paragraph (search for Four centuries ago ...)
http://feynman.physics.lsa.umich.edu/kane/futureresuniv.html

E. O. Wilson introduces Darwin, comments on religion and behaviorism
http://harvardmagazine.com/2005/11/p-intelligent-evolution.html

Explanation and advocacy for a scientific worldview in an essay by an English Lit prof
http://www.theamericanscholar.org/gettingitallwrong-boyd.html

Scientific, artistic understanding contrasted (search for science satisfies a very special hunger ...)
http://www.lrb.co.uk/v21/n07/print/nage01_.html

Scientific, journalistic reporting contrasted (scroll down to last three paragraphs: I'm reading a book ...)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/33ae6d7ad55a8013 (Eric Pepke)

Journalist's plea for better science reporting
http://www.theamericanscholar.org/science-reporting-and-evidence-based-journalism/print/

Assessing science stories in the news
http://ask.metafilter.com/111907/Credible-scientific-studies, for example #1608866, #1608966 #1608968 #1608971 #1609588

Talking to reporters (much good advice in replies despite snarky title)
http://ask.metafilter.com/131166/How-to-handle-inquiries-from-MSM-journalists-who-seem-to-just-suck-information-out-and-run

Dear Science column in The Stranger, Seattle alt-weekly. Also, author's blog
http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/Author?oid=224756
http://dearscience.org/

Bad science journalism
http://www.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,5279802-117799,00.html

Bad science textbooks
http://www.thenewatlantis.com/archive/8/crawford.htm

Bad science (errors in experiment design and interpretation)
http://norvig.com/experiment-design.html

Bad medicine (limitations of epidemiology and observational studies, compared to experiments and controlled trials)
http://www.csicop.org/si/show/science_and_pseudoscience_in_adult_nutrition_research_and_practice/
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/16/magazine/16epidemiology-t.html?_r=1&adxnnl=1&oref=slogin&ref=magazine&adxnnlx=1190570645-Z3dtWTDIrOLYvP7KRHqPLg&pagewanted=print

Research studies that looked good, but were later shown wrong
http://ask.metafilter.com/201393/Framed-by-Science

Milieu: funding, publication, review, collaboration

Dan Gezelter's syllabus for Science 2.0
http://www.nd.edu/~gezelter/Teaching/202/index.html

Michael Nielsen's blog, bookmarks
http://michaelnielsen.org/blog/
http://delicious.com/nielsen/

Careers and lives

(See also math, programming, and education)

John Sidles: physics career aptitude test (actually a long essay, also pertinent to other fields)
(scroll down about 10% past other stuff, persevere through poor formatting, much nicer original is lost)
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.college.admissions/msg/870fa023e09d43d9?hl=en

Giving an academic job talk
http://ask.metafilter.com/131967/Id-like-some-advice-on-giving-an-academic-job-talk

Working in the lab
http://ask.metafilter.com/141619/Help-my-start-my-biology-research-on-the-right-foot
http://ask.metafilter.com/159651/Seriously-I-can-wash-a-sample-without-burning-down-the-lab

Richard Hamming: career advice based on experience among the great and the rest. "What is the difference?"
http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~robins/YouAndYourResearch.html

Tone and attitute in scientific debate, and elsewhere
http://ask.metafilter.com/145120/Science-vs-Religion#2078569

Coping with disappointment
http://scienceblogs.com/thescian/2008/03/what_are_worthwhile_problems_f.php
http://ask.metafilter.com/120988/How-to-bounce-back-from-Epic-Fail#1731152, etc.

Geniuses, crackpots, and others
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/ea3e4716b69a5e7d?hl=en (David Ashley)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/fcdcb642b3dcefef?hl=en& (Dennis Feldman)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/3adf8fc79f50ca97?hl=en& (john baez)
http://mathforum.org/kb/plaintext.jspa?messageID=87266 (Nick Halloway, scroll down past included text)
http://ask.metafilter.com/182309/Losing-my-wife-to-the-black-helicopter-crowd-need-help#2623380 (empath)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/0608313f1c5246b7?hl=en& (Daryl McCullough)

DIY science

(See also in engineering and hacks)

Toys from Trash: simple DIY science toys and experiments
http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys.html, for example induction.html, reactance.html, etc.

Science toys you can make, with detailed instructions and photos
http://scitoys.com/, for example http://sci-toys.com/scitoys/scitoys/radio/radio.html#crystal

A simple spectrometer built from a CD and a cereal box, with experiments
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~zhuxj/astro/html/spectrometer.html

Weigh the earth in your basement: measure the gravitational constant
http://funcall.blogspot.com/2009/04/lets-do-twist.html

Keiki gels: electrophoresis with drinking straws and food coloring
http://openwetware.org/wiki/DIYbio:Notebook/Keiki_Gels
http://www.boingboing.net/2009/02/06/crowdsourced-science.html

Synthetic biology lab in a closet for $470 (scroll down to fig. 5 near end)
http://io9.com/5049788/making-a-biological-counter

Citizen Science Quarterly
http://citizensciencequarterly.com/

Biotech Hobbyist magazine, interview with contributor
http://xdesign.ucsd.edu/biotechhobbyist/index.html
http://worldchanging.com/archives/001450.html

Scanning Tunneling Microscopes (STM)
http://www.geocities.com/spm_stm/Project.html
http://www.e-basteln.de/index.htm
http://sxm4.uni-muenster.de/stm-en/

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
http://benkrasnow.blogspot.com/2011/03/diy-scanning-electron-microscope.html

Cyclotrons on a shoestring
http://www.physicstoday.org/vol-57/iss-11/p30.html
http://www.niell.org/cyc1.html, also cyc2.html
http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/cyclotron/12inchrf.shtml

Literature

PubMed (including MEDLINE and much more)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed, also gquery/gquery.fcgi

US Patents
http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/search-adv.htm

Biology and bioinformatics

Structure of DNA, original papers by Watson, Crick, Franklin, Wilkins, Avery, others
http://www.nature.com/nature/dna50/archive.html

Entrez, life sciences search engine
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gquery/gquery.fcgi

Bioinformatics for dummies (scroll down for links to databases and resources)
http://www.dummies.com/WileyCDA/DummiesTitle/productCd-0764516965,page-1.html

Centre for Computational Drug Discovery: P2P search for anti-cancer drugs
http://www.chem.ox.ac.uk/curecancer.html

Chemistry

Compound Interest, everyday exploration of chemical compounds
http://www.compoundchem.com/, also infographics/

Physics

The Feynman Lectures on Physics
http://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/, I_toc.html
the making of: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6380187

Leonard Susskind: The Theoretical Minimum, courses on modern physics
http://theoreticalminimum.com/

Gerard 't Hooft: lifetime physics syllabus, with links to online course notes
http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~Gadda001/goodtheorist/index.html
older version http://www.phys.uu.nl/~thooft/theorist.html

Robert Geroch: mathematical physics lecture notes, including several books
http://home.uchicago.edu/~geroch/Links_to_Notes.html

Newton: college notebook (1664-5)
http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-04000/22

Einstein: handwritten notebook on relativity (1912-14)
http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/Goodies/Zurich_Notebook/

Paul Dirac: handwritten thesis manuscript and notes (1926)
http://www.academia.edu/323246/PhD_Thesis_of_Paul_Dirac
also https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6002173

Gordon Kane: the standard model, the Higgs boson, supersymmetry, and string theory
http://feynman.physics.lsa.umich.edu/kane/Zing.htm

David Mermin: introduction to quantum mechanics concepts and notation for quantum computing
http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0207118

David Gross: does physics have a future? 25 questions
http://qd.typepad.com/24/2005/01/the_future_of_p.html

arXiv.org (formerly xxx.lanl.gov)
http://arxiv.org/, also help/, blurb/pg01unesco.html

Standard Model Langrangian, said to describe everything except gravity
http://nuclear.ucdavis.edu/~tgutierr/files/stmL1.html

Simplification in physics
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.physics/msg/96f67a21dbbdc0a9

Reasoning from first principles
http://ask.metafilter.com/117097/What-is-natures-formulary#1678913

Textbook exercises vs. problem solving
http://mazur-www.harvard.edu/publications.php?function=display&rowid=78

Simple experiment + reasoning gets deep result (DIY Cavendish)
http://funcall.blogspot.com/2009/04/lets-do-twist.html

Interpretations of quantum mechanics
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/df418fdeed80c4af

Quantum mechanics in popular culture, a sighting
http://www.workingforchange.com/printitem.cfm?itemid=22433

Humor
http://snarxiv.org/
also http://davidsd.org/theorem/, 2010/03/the-snarxiv/
http://www.mcsweeneys.net/links/lists/physical.html
http://www.theonion.com/content/node/52324/print/

Astronomy

Astronomy picture of the day archive, with explanations and links
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/archivepix.html

NASA Visible Earth
http://www.visibleearth.nasa.gov/

Cosmic distance ladder, how we figured it out
http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2009/09/03/the-cosmic-distance-ladder-2/ (about...)
http://terrytao.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/cosmic-distance-ladder.pdf (slides, 4.3 MB pdf)

How do we know the Earth orbits the sun?
http://www.wired.com/2014/04/how-do-we-know-the-earth-orbits-the-sun/

Scale of the universe, animation and tool
http://primaxstudio.com/stuff/scale_of_universe/

Logarithmic maps of the universe
http://xkcd.com/482/
http://www.astro.princeton.edu/universe/
http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/?0310571


Mathematics and logic

Buzz Books Exposition Provers Foundations Teaching Culture

Buzz

Animated factorization diagrams
http://www.datapointed.net/visualizations/math/factorization/animated-diagrams/
also http://mathlesstraveled.com/2012/10/05/factorization-diagrams/

Mathoverflow, questions and answers. Also, a review.
http://mathoverflow.net/, for example questions/4994/fundamental-examples, 8846/proofs-without-words, 23478/examples-of-common-false-beliefs-in-mathematics
http://sbseminar.wordpress.com/2009/10/14/math-overflow/

Stackoverflow CS Theory B: logic, semantics, automata, theory of programming
http://meta.cstheory.stackexchange.com/questions/446/broadening-the-scope-of-questions#985

Polymath, massively collaborative mathematics: news story, details, background
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461879a.html
http://michaelnielsen.org/polymath1/index.php?title=Polymath1
http://gowers.wordpress.com/2009/01/27/is-massively-collaborative-mathematics-possible/

Tricki, a wiki for mathematical techniques at university level and beyond
http://www.tricki.org/, for example tricki/map

Terry Tao: blog
http://terrytao.wordpress.com/, for example 2010/10/21/245a-problem-solving-strategies/, 2010/10/18/the-no-self-defeating-object-argument-revisited/, 2009/09/03/the-cosmic-distance-ladder-2/, etc.

Dick Lipton: blog
http://rjlipton.wordpress.com/, for example 2010/11/30/notation-and-thinking/

Timothy Gowers: blog
http://gowers.wordpress.com/, for example 07/25/what-is-deep-mathematics/, 2008/08/16/just-do-it-proofs/, etc.

Scott Aaronson: blog
http://scottaaronson.com/blog/, for example ?p=327, ?p=303, etc.

n-Category Cafe, various authors: blog
http://golem.ph.utexas.edu/category/, for example 2012/12/rethinking_set_theory.html

M-Phi, various authors: blog
http://m-phi.blogspot.com/, for example 2011/10/inconsistency-of-pa-and-consensus-in.html

The Bourbaki Code, Lieven Lebruyn: blog
http://www.neverendingbooks.org/

Notices of the American Mathematical Society, current issue (and all issues)
http://www.ams.org/notices/200910/ etc.

Rejecta Mathematica: journal of papers rejected by peer-reviewed journals
http://math.rejecta.org/about-rejecta-mathematica, also frequently-asked-questions

Books

Chicago undergraduate mathematics bibliography, recommended by its graduates
https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~abhishek/chicmath.htm

"How to Become a Pure Mathematician (or Statistician)", recommeded readings
http://hbpms.blogspot.com/

Hacker News contributors' recommendations, observations about learning math
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7577810 (Spring 2014)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8697772 (Fall 2014)

Exposition, essays, and opinions

Math atlas: brief surveys of college and graduate level topics, with links
http://www.math-atlas.org

Timothy Gowers: essays
http://www.dpmms.cam.ac.uk/~wtg10/vsipage.html, also mathsindex.html

Edsger W. Dijkstra: essays, many about mathematics
http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/indexBibTeX.html, for example EWD538.PDF, EWD1294a.PDF, EWD1300.PDF

Doron Zeilberger: opinions
http://www.math.rutgers.edu/~zeilberg/OPINIONS.html, for example Opinion65.html

David Eppstein: computational geometry, recreational math, art, science, games
http://www.ics.uci.edu/~eppstein/recmath.html

Justin Mullins: beautiful equations
http://www.justinmullins.com/gallery_1.htm

Theorem provers

Formal proof: special issue of Notices of the AMS
http://www.ams.org/notices/200811/

Freek Wiedijk: formalizing 100 theorems, also 300 theorem provers
http://www.cs.ru.nl/~freek/100/, also digimath

HOL theorem prover: history, command summaries
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/hvg/HOL/history.html
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~jrh13/hol-light/holchart.txt, also summary.txt

Coq theorem prover applied to programming language theory
http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/sf/current/toc.html, for example sf/Basics.html#lab25, also papers/LambdaTA.pdf
http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/3966
related
http://cel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/47/58/07/PDF/coq-hurry.pdf

Programming language theory: notation, semantics applied to "featherweight C"
http://siek.blogspot.com/2012/07/crash-course-on-notation-in-programming.html
http://siek.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/the-semantics-of-familiar-language.html

Simple compiler verified with HOL4, with links to pertinent literature
https://github.com/j-baker/l1c
explained for HN https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9774224

Vdash: a formal math wiki
http://www.vdash.org/, also e-club.pdf, ignite.pdf

Machine obstructed proof: a novice's experiences
http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/nick/mop.pdf
discussion http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/1745

FLiP: logical framework in Python
http://staff.washington.edu/jon/flip/www/

Foundations

Logicomix
http://www.logicomix.com/en/, for example ...#twoj_fragment1-4

Lambda calculus, Church encoding, Y combinator explained with Ruby code
http://experthuman.com/programming-with-nothing

Philosophy and theoretical computer science, course at MIT
http://stellar.mit.edu/S/course/6/fa11/6.893/ (links to many readings)
http://www.scottaaronson.com/blog/?p=755 (instructor's blog and student comments)

Logic, sets, infinity
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/087352d20dc1f138 (Zeisel)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/db53c62234221003 (torquemada)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/c22da43383c5899f (Rubin)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.logic/msg/b3a6e6111d01e89b (bobg0)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.logic/msg/48d737fdc7b59176 (Beldin)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.logic/msg/ba442cdb57f7e80c (Asselin)
http://ask.metafilter.com/42154/Intuitionism#649509 (klausness)
http://ask.metafilter.com/35746/The-limits-of-logic#555805 (crocomancer)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.logic/msg/203cfee201e9d003 (Enderton)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/7c1ff04e658f94d7 (Chapman)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/4a5f740824617bdb (Megill)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/d2d59359d6dd606e (Seaman)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/970943d1ff580c21 (Tangent60)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/535960d70dd72682 (Oliver)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/bd2177d368c5c0ee (Maimon)

Logic and madness
http://blog.computationalcomplexity.org/2011/07/disproofing-myth-that-many-early.html

Teaching and learning

What is it like to have an understanding of very advanced mathematics?
http://www.quora.com/What-is-it-like-to-have-an-understanding-of-very-advanced-mathematics

Learning math (see also programming and education)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4377123 (on practice and effort)
http://ask.metafilter.com/143261/Math-Makes-My-Brain-Smoke#2050679 , etc. (on memorization, flabdablet and many contributors)
http://ask.metafilter.com/85908/How-do-I-excel-in-science-classes#1269265, also #1269359, etc. (Class Goat, grouse, and many contributors)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/f0ba97363024f564 (john baez)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/b902e4be35a7511f?hl=en& (Chris Hillman)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/22f6919a0337a9fd (Keith Ramsay)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/b1498e901006ae85 (Torkel Franzen)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/7d9f7b28941bdd38?hl=en (Randy Poe)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/4ce130ff7a8a3367 (Clive Tooth)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/702b4a873a73cef0?hl=en (Ron Bloom)

Explaining calculus
http://ask.metafilter.com/143473/You-are-Socrates-I-am-Menos-slave

Students' and teachers' difficulties (see also in programming)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/2f556070611e3cc9 (Chris Hillman, don't miss note on Tolstoy at the end)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/131d68bead8d176e (Lee Lady)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/3f54ecdeeefc48ac (Keith Ramsay and David C. Ullrich)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/306aba3cbaa9b784 (Gary Martin)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/8a9d22374af321b2 (goodyear)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math.symbolic/msg/1c57ec06a4a0e926 (Richard Fateman)
http://ask.metafilter.com/78479/Tips-for-university-teaching, for example #1165133, #1165335, #1165165, #1165465 (onoclea and many contributors)
http://ask.metafilter.com/88289/How-can-I-get-my-college-prof-to-admit-he-is-wrong-and-give-me-the-marks-I-deserve (Tachoh and many contributors)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/6d143aa40673f2f6 (Ron Bruck)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/e406777e604fdd70?hl=en (labuser)

Math books
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/ad719a903eff49cd (Lieven Marchand)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/b5e97d1e71d9d60e (Josh Kortbein)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/5575e8608e22d7e0 (Lee Rudolph)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/fb7924ba7175d055 (Achava Nakhash)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/msg/ca1a9a940370b08e (Robert Hill)

Culture

History, people, humor
http://www.logicomix.com/en/...#twoj_fragment1-3 (Doxiadis, et al.)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/c5e74828d885d614?hl=en& (McCaughan)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.logic/msg/6d123b32cdaf077e?dmode=source (Taylor)
http://groups.google.com/group/ucb.math/browse_frm/thread/9400e33002ac74cc/18b8d9b3c2c527b4?#18b8d9b3c2c527b4 (Chernoff and others, entire thread)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/browse_frm/thread/65568c764f0e5456/3c195654858cb9e8?lnk=st&q=&rnum=1#3c195654858cb9e8 (Long and others, entire thread)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/ceb85daeecf7b16a (Buyske)
http://www.zephoria.org/thoughts/archives/2009/06/21/xkcd_meets_real.html (Henry Cohn via danah boyd)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.misc/msg/ff564be5c30a5d67 (Carvin)
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.puzzles/msg/105ca690d3dc0055?dmode=source (Keith, via Stewart)
http://brookeshelf.blogspot.com/2007/03/forgotten-bookshelf-space-childs-mother.html (Winsor and Parry, via Brooke)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.logic/msg/3de02e916b10ac01 (Angluin, via Enderton)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/e958d70ce1879070 (Rodgers)

Animated graphics
http://intothecontinuum.tumblr.com/

Mathematical tattoos
http://carlzimmer.typepad.com/sciencetattoo/mathematics/index.html

Newton
http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-04000/22

Leibniz
http://blog.stephenwolfram.com/2013/05/dropping-in-on-gottfried-leibniz/

Euclid
http://www.math.ubc.ca/~cass/Euclid/byrne.html

Euclid in Greek (for translation click load at top right)
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0085%3Abook%3D1%3Atype%3DProp%3Anumber%3D47


Engineering and technology

Theory, problem solving, electronics, signal processing, music synthesis, computer architecture, computer hardware, DIY

Theory

Concise review of systems, circuits, basic electronics
http://www.swarthmore.edu/NatSci/echeeve1/Ref/E72WhaKnow/WhaKnow.html, also WhaKnowSys.html

Transfer functions, block diagrams, feedback
http://www.atp.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/rt1/syscontrol/node13.html, also node14.html, node19.html

Digital filters
http://www.earlevel.com/Digital%20Audio/Biquads.html

Problem solving

Heuristics
http://ask.metafilter.com/112202/How-can-I-hone-my-problem-solving-skills#1613615
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8622136

Units, dimensions, orders of magnitude
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_magnitude
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_%CF%80_theorem
http://xkcd.com/482/, also 485, 526

Examples and techniques
http://ask.metafilter.com/197055/We-are-we-are-we-are-the-engineers#2836434 (engineering vs. science)
http://ask.metafilter.com/99348/Engineering-Skills, for example #1445725, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/117097/What-is-natures-formulary#1678913
http://funcall.blogspot.com/2009/04/lets-do-twist.html
http://mazur-www.harvard.edu/publications.php?function=display&rowid=78
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-055j-the-art-of-approximation-in-science-and-engineering-spring-2008/assignments/
https://www.edx.org/course/mitx/mitx-6-sfmx-street-fighting-math-1501#.U06p2sf2Iy4
textbook http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-098-street-fighting-mathematics-january-iap-2008/readings/
textbook reviewed http://www.ams.org/notices/201107/rtx110700960p.pdf

Electronics

Handmade computer, projects built from discrete components and small chips: words, drawings, photos, video
http://taeyoonchoi.com/handmade-computer/, also category/tools/ and welcome/, etc.
manifesto http://taeyoon-debug.tumblr.com/
slides https://speakerdeck.com/tchoi8/artist-statement, see tiny links on many slides
video https://vimeo.com/122206226

Home electronics workshop, instruments and storage described, with photos
http://quinndunki.com/blondihacks/?p=1850

Custom 8-bit processor built with TTL on solderless breadboards
http://8bitspaghetti.com

Electronic circuits cookbook, for example using op amps and flip-flops
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electronic/etroncon.html#c1, for example opampvar.html#c1, and jkflipflop.html#c1

FPGA projects
http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/ece576/FinalProjects/, for example f2008/tor2/main.html
http://www.heeltoe.com/software/pdp11/

Notes on Verilog programming, with links to language references and other resources
http://staff.washington.edu/jon/verilog-prog.html

MyHDL, hardware description and verification language in Python
http://www.myhdl.org/, for example examples/flipflops.html

Signal processing

GNU Radio
http://gnuradio.org/, for example TutorialsWritePythonApplications

Software-defined radio products recommended by HN contributors, October 2015
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10324755

DIY Cellphone
http://web.media.mit.edu/~mellis/cellphone/

Homemade GPS receiver
http://www.holmea.demon.co.uk/GPS/Main.htm
also https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5717674

Music synthesis

Audio, music
http://linux-sound.org/one-page.html
http://www-ccrma.stanford.edu/planetccrma/software/
http://www.earlevel.com/Digital%20Audio/Biquads.html

SuperCollider real-time audio sythesis language: tweet-sized compositions, explanation
http://fredrikolofsson.com/f0blog/?q=node/478
http://supercollider.sourceforge.net/

Music programming languages
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_audio_programming_languages
explained by kaoD on HN https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10181678

Music Thing
http://musicthing.blogspot.com/

Analog synthesizers (many links)
http://www.metafilter.com/128991/Totally-modular-dude
http://www.bleeplabs.com/movies.html
explained at http://www.bleeplabs.com/bleepwhat.html
via 52862/The-Worlds-Cutest-Synth, also links to similar devices
http://createdigitalmusic.com/2013/11/littlebits-korg-snap-together-synth-magnets-149-module-module-details-qa/
also http://littlebits.cc/kits/synth-kit
via http://www.metafilter.com/133802/littleBits-KORG-Synth-Kit, with links to more

Homemade analog synthesizer on Mr. Rogers (1968)
http://www.openculture.com/2014/05/mr-rogers-introduces-kids-to-experimental-electronic-music.html
HN comments, more links https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9606197

Javascript piano
http://mrcoles.com/piano/
https://github.com/mrcoles/javascript-piano
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3993516, also 6270040 (months later)

Moog synthesizer in a browser
http://www.google.com/doodles/robert-moogs-78th-birthday
http://8.mshcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Moog-Doodle-Guide-Full-Size.jpg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N7AHvrKCTlA
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4011770 (links to other synthesizer-in-a-browser)
http://code.google.com/p/bob-moog-google-doodle/ (code, web audio links)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4311004 (more web audio links)

Computer architecture

(See also
history)

Which Machines Do Computer Architects Admire? (2001)
http://people.cs.clemson.edu/~mark/admired_designs.html

Von Neumann's first computer program, explained by Don Knuth (1945, article written 1970)
http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=356581

Programmers' Handbook for Manchester Mark II, by A.M. Turing (1950)
http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/Knuth_Don_X4100/PDF_index/k-4-pdf/k-4-u2780-Manchester-Mark-I-manual.pdf (images)
http://www.computer50.org/kgill/mark1/mark1book.html#manualamt (OCR, more about Mark II)

Univac hardware, applications, operations, and architecture (1951)
http://www.scott-a-s.com/grandfather-univac/, instruction set: univac_cheatsheet.jpg

IBM 1401 architecture, programming, operations, and economics -- very strange to modern eyes (1959)
A fine printer connected to a puny processor. ...
Allowed useful programs to be punched onto a single card, directly in machine language.
Simplest boot sequence: read a card into locations 1..80 and branch to location 1. -- Dick Sites
http://www.righto.com/2015/03/12-minute-mandelbrot-fractals-on-50.html

Bob Barton's 4-page paper on the stack-based B5000 architecture for executing ALGOL (1961)
http://www.scribd.com/doc/61812037/Barton-B5000
also http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/3234

James Thornton's "Elephant Book" on the CDC 6600, other links (1963 - )
It was the first RISC -- the RISC philosophy was laid out chapter-and-verse by Thornton in the "Elephant Book" -- Jim Smith
http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/CDC/CDC.6600.1963.102641207.pdf (Elephant book, 1963)
http://ygdes.com/CDC/DesignOfAComputer_CDC6600.pdf (Thornton's design textbook, 1970)
http://ygdes.com/CDC/Grishman_CDC6000AsmLangPgmg.pdf (Grishman's assembly language textbook, 197X?)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6971388 (IBM president's "janitor memo")
http://ygdes.com/CDC/cdc6600.html (summary, many more links)

PDP-10: instruction set, TENEX TOPS-20 and ITS OS, PARC's MAXC clone, recent PDP-10/X on FPGA
http://interglacial.com/~sburke/stuff/dec10as.html
http://pdp10.nocrew.org/docs/instruction-set/pdp-10.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOPS-20 and Incompatible_Timesharing_System
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1646959&queryText%3DMAXC+Fiala
http://fpgaretrocomputing.org/pdp10x/, also arch10x.pdf

PDP-10 assembly language coding example in literate style: TECO editor (1970-78)
http://ftp.dbit.com/pub/pdp10/tops10/teco124.mac

Books on architecture of classic computers (Manchester Mark I, B5000, System/360, PDP 8, 10, 11, more)
http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/Computer_Structures_Principles_and_Examples/, Computer_Engineering/

Brief descriptions of some influential architectures: PDP 8, CDC 3300 and 6000, 6502, 8088, ARM (pdf, 4 - 8 pages each)
http://people.cs.umass.edu/~verts/cmpsci201/spr_2004/Lecture_32_2004-04-28_A_Bizarre_Architecture_PDP8.pdf, CDC-3300_and_6000.pdf, 6502_processor.pdf, 8088_processor.pdf, ARM_processor_intro.pdf

Nova, RISC-like minicomputer, architecture description starts on p. 12 in of-its-time advertising brochure from 1968
Instead of having 50 instructions to do various types of mathematical type things, they had one instruction. -- Steve Wozniak
http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/Data_General/DGC.Nova.1968.102646102.pdf

6502 microprocessor history (1975 – ), introduction, data sheet, opcode map, reference, Verilog, C, lore.
The historic, once very popular 6502 makes a simple yet practical and applicable introduction to computer architecture.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502 (motivation, history)
http://people.cs.umass.edu/~verts/cmpsci201/spr_2004/Lecture_02_2004-01-30_The_6502_processor.pdf (introduction)
also http://mdfs.net/Docs/Comp/6502/Datasheet, also 6502/OpMap.htm, also 6502/ (data sheet, opcode map, other lore)
http://nesdev.com/6502.txt (reference)
http://ladybug.xs4all.nl/arlet/fpga/6502/ also at https://github.com/Arlet/verilog-6502 (Verilog model)
http://rubbermallet.org/fake6502.c (C simulator)

6502 instructions, address modes, and execution cycles explained, with an Apple II example
http://www.metafilter.com/114962/jmp-TRIGSPIKES#4298388
http://www.metafilter.com/138822/How-Steve-Wozniak-Wrote-BASIC-for-the-Original-Apple-From-Scratch#5535537

6502 assembly language programming tutorial with emulator and development tools in the browser
http://skilldrick.github.io/easy6502/

6502 architecture implemented in 74HC logic gates, with microcode in EPROM
http://aiju.de/electronics/6502/
https://github.com/aiju/oxy, especially blob/master/microc/microcode

Visual 6502: transistor-level simulator (in Javascript) inferred from microphotographs of an actual chip (2010)
http://www.visual6502.org/welcome.html
tutorial: http://wiki.nesdev.com/w/index.php/Visual_circuit_tutorial
notes on tutorial: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9556464
hand-drawn circuit diagrams: http://forum.6502.org/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=2208
overflow flag circuit in detail http://www.righto.com/2013/01/a-small-part-of-6502-chip-explained.html
HN comments on previous link https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5059767

See also KIM-1, Apple II, etc. in Computer hardware and systems below.

Tiny CPU in a CPLD (smaller than an FPGA), with a minimized 6502-like instruction set
http://www.bigmessowires.com/cpu-in-a-cpld/, also 2010/04/18/tiny-cpu-architecture/

ARM processor history, variants, programming
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/05/03/unsung_heroes_of_tech_arm_creators_sophie_wilson_and_steve_furber/?page=1 (history)
http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1264608&print=yes (history)
http://wanderingcoder.net/2010/07/19/ought-arm/ (variants)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture, also ARM_Cortex-M#Instruction_sets (variants)
http://people.cs.umass.edu/~verts/cmpsci201/cmpsci201.html, start at ARM_processor_intro.pdf (programming, intro)
http://www.ee.ncu.edu.tw/~jfli/soc/lecture/ARM_Instr_Set.pdf (programming, overview, variants)
http://www.coranac.com/tonc/text/asm.htm (programming, thorough)
http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.qrc0006e/QRC0006_UAL16.pdf (reference card)

X86, opcode and instruction reference
http://ref.x86asm.net/coder32.html

Exploring X86 with a C compiler and debugger
https://www.recurse.com/blog/5-learning-c-with-gdb, 7-understanding-c-by-learning-assembly

X86 is a high-level language, huge difference between architecture and recent implementations
http://blog.erratasec.com/2015/03/x86-is-high-level-language.html#.VVYwUmZhMy4

X86 assembly language coding example in literate style: webserver
https://zarkzork.com/servasm.html?

Y86, pipelined x86-like processor design from CMU, including Verilog
http://csapp.cs.cmu.edu/public/samples.html, ch4-preview.pdf, waside/waside-verilog.pdf
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~bryant/pubdir/CMU-CS-05-195.pdf, formal verification

RISC explained and discussed on HN
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9811831

CISC and RISC, John Mashey's explanation with detailed comparison of many architectures
http://userpages.umbc.edu/~vijay/mashey.on.risc.html

Tiny Computer for Teaching, Chuck Thacker's 32-bit RISC for FPGA in two pages of Verilog
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~swm11/examples/bluespec/Tiny3/Thacker-A_Tiny_Computer-3.pdf
longer version Thacker's chapter here: http://vpri.org/pov/

Niklaus Wirth's CPU designs for FPGA
http://www.inf.ethz.ch/personal/wirth/FPGA-relatedWork/, also Ch 16-17 here: ProjectOberon/

J1 Forth CPU for FPGAs, "probably close to the smallest possible useful CPU"
http://www.excamera.com/sphinx/fpga-j1.html, paper j1.pdf, Verilog j1.v, IP ip.fs.html
http://www.excamera.com/sphinx/article-j1a-swapforth.html
  J1A built with IceStorm open source FPGA toolchain, runs on tiny Lattice ICEstick

BrainF* machine, homebrew CPU in 17 small ICs (mostly 74HCxxx)
http://grapsus.net/74/

Computer hardware and systems

(See also
operating systems and programming)

Microcontrollers and platforms

Arduino with AVR, Basic Stamp with PIC
http://ask.metafilter.com/126212/Programmable-Logic-Chips-and-Microcontrollers-Which-language-and-where-to-learn-online, for example #1802889

"Minimal viable text workstation" built from PJRC Teensy3 dev board (ARM Cortex M4)
  with custom OS + editor, PS2 keyboard, SD drive, USB, AES 256 encryption, VGA video generated by software
http://riotsys.com/
https://github.com/mntmn/rs16

Video game console built from super-cheap NXP LPC111X (ARM Cortex M0) on tiny LPCXpresso dev board
  video and audio signals are generated entirely in software
http://rossumblog.com/2010/06/10/rbox-a-diy-32-bit-game-console-for-the-price-of-a-latte/

Microtouch, homemade tablet computer built from AVR Atmega644 and 320x240 touch screen
http://rossumblog.com/2009/10/28/avr-homebrew-device-with-iphone-aspirations/

Homemade book reader built from NXP LPC1114 (Cortex M0) on LPCXpresso dev board and touch screen
http://rossumblog.com/2010/05/06/wikipedia-homebrew-device-features-cortex-m0-processor-all-human-knowledge/

VGA on Arduino Uno Rev 3.0 with no external parts, using second on-board CPU and serial shift register
http://dpeckett.com/vga-on-the-arduino-with-no-external-parts

DIY laptop built from two Picaxe microcontrollers, with custom OS and development tools in 4Kb
http://www.chrisfenton.com/diy-laptop-v2/

Retro

Archive of early microcomputers: newsletters, articles, manuals from the 1970s and early 80s
http://www.classiccmp.org/cini/mags.htm, also systems.htm

KIM-1

The first 6502 computer (1976): KIM-1 was very simple, very cheap yet complete and self-contained.

Hand-assembled, handwritten 6502 machine code for KIM-1
http://blog.jgc.org/2013/04/how-i-coded-in-1985.html

Chess in 1K for KIM-1 (1976)
"If you are an above average player, you may find that the MICROCHESS program is below your level ..."
http://www.benlo.com/microchess/
manual, source: Kim-1Microchess.html, downloadable source: Microchess6502.txt
hex machine code: Kim-1Microchess.html#25

KIM-1 laboratory control application (1977-80)
http://staff.washington.edu/jon/pubs/mixer.html also here http://jap.physiology.org/content/49/1/160

KIM-2: proposed KIM-1 replica, with discussion of difficulties recreating old hardware (1999)
http://www.6502.org/trainers/buildkim/buildkim.htm

Micro-KIM: KIM-1 replica with 6502 and other mostly original components (2007)
(does not include the fifteen I/O ports that made KIM-1 a self-contained controller)
http://www.brielcomputers.com/wordpress/?cat=24, also files/mkmanual.pdf

KIM Uno: simple but functionally accurate KIM-1 replica using Arduino Uno with atMega328 emulating 6502 (2014)
"will run on any Arduino ... without keyboard and LED display ... over the serial port"
http://obsolescence.wix.com/obsolescence#!kim-uno-summary/c1uuh
also #!kim-uno-details/c1alo (at page bottom, download emulator in C including KIM-1 ROM contents)

Apple I and II

Steve Wozniak, long interview about early experiences culminating in Apple I and II
When you design with very few parts, everything is so clean and orderly you can understand it more deeply... you have fewer bugs.
All the best things I did at Apple came from (a) not having money and (b) not having done it before, ever.
I would type the (hex code) in by hand. ... I had no tools. ... I know what's going on better (without) a tool.
I designed two computers and (etc.) ... I wrote a Basic and (etc.) ... and I did this all moonlighting, in a year.
(The Apple II) had all these things and not one bug was ever found. Not one bug in the hardware, not one bug in the software.
http://www.foundersatwork.com/steve-wozniak.html

Steve Wozniak's monitor for Apple I, in 254 bytes
http://apple2history.org/history/ah02/
http://www.sbprojects.com/projects/apple1/wozmon.php
https://github.com/jefftranter/6502/tree/master/asm/wozmon

Steve Wozniak's "brilliant and classic", "beautiful" disk controller for the Apple II
See also Woz' comments about 80% down in interview above
http://josephoswald.nfshost.com/circuit-sim/summary.html#wozmachine also woz-machine-hw-sim.lisp
http://www.metafilter.com/114962/jmp-TRIGSPIKES#4301468, also #4303936

Other 6502

6502: three-chip system (with dual-port RAM and video) on a solderless breadboard (2013)
"I don't have any schematics ... it was all improvised on the fly ..."
http://www.hackaday.com/2013/10/21/the-most-minimal-homebrew-computer/
http://jmp.no/blog/3-chip-computer, also final-words-on-the-3cc

6502 system brought up and explained chip-by-chip, with diagrams, photos, videos
http://quinndunki.com/blondihacks/?p=680 (first in a series)

6502 in an FPGA on a tiny board with I/O and a serial port (2013)
Xilinx XC3S50 running Arlet's Verilog core (see architecture above)
http://apple2.x10.mx/CHOCHI/
http://forum.6502.org/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=2644

TGL-6502, emulated by 8 pin LPC810 ARM Cortex-M0+, construction details including retro case
http://thegaragelab.com/introducing-the-tgl-6502-single-board-computer/
https://github.com/thegaragelab/tgl6502

Hack-a-Day 6502 projects, summaries and links
http://hackaday.com/tag/6502/

6502.org, the 6502 microprocessor resource
http://6502.org/

Z80

Z80 on a solderless breadboard, details about clock, memory bus signals etc.
http://labs.domipheus.com/blog/teensy-z80-part-1-intro-memory-serial-io-and-display/
HN comments https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8871179

68000

68008 on a solderless breadboard running Linux, file system in one ROM and one RAM chip
http://www.bigmessowires.com/2014/11/17/68-katy-68000-linux-on-a-solderless-breadboard/, also category/68katy/
HN comments https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8622720, also 9712793

Systems

Portable computer including wifi built from Raspberry Pi with Kindle Paperwhite display
http://maxogden.com/kindleberry-wireless.html
comments, alternatives https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/kindleberry-pi-the-second/

Novena open source laptop for hardware research and development, with onboard FPGA etc.
http://www.bunniestudios.com/blog/?p=3597 (click on page title for more links)
http://makezine.com/magazine/building-an-open-source-laptop/
http://www.kosagi.com/w/index.php?title=Novena_Main_Page
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7035163

Supercomputing on a shoestring
http://cag.csail.mit.edu/ps3/index.shtml
http://www.gnuradio.org/redmine/wiki/gnuradio/PS3FC7Install
http://idea.uab.es/mcreel/ParallelKnoppix/

Performance, benchmarks
http://browse.geekbench.ca/ (database of detailed results for many many models)
http://www.primatelabs.ca/blog/2007/12/pc-performance-december-2007/
http://www.primatelabs.ca/blog/2008/02/mac-performance-february-2008/

Network hardware and systems

Networks, including wireless
http://www.smallnetbuilder.com/
http://www.bengross.com/wireless.html/

DIY

(See also in
science and hacks)

Make
http://blog.makezine.com/, for example archive/hacks

Computers and systems
http://helmer.sfe.se/
http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/archives/001102.html
http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/How-To,4/Build-Your-Own,16/, for example review_print.php?p1=1907
http://ask.metafilter.com/85056/Mini-Cloud-Computer, for example #1257622 (high end), #1257439 (low end)
http://linux.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=225218&cid=18238966 (build vs. buy, low end, March 2007)
http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Unix-Hardware-Buyer-HOWTO (begun 1980's, revised Sept 2007)
http://www.math.sunysb.edu/~comech/tools/CheapBox.html "The page has not been maintained since the last century"
http://wiki.ehow.com/Category:Hardware, Category:Audio, Category:Video

Circuits, mechanical etc.
http://www.makezine.com/blog/archive/2006/10/how_to_turn_you_2.html?CMP=OTC-0D6B48984890
http://ask.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=06/03/25/2054200

Make printed circuit boards at home out of old magazines (buying press-and-peel transfer paper might be easier)
http://www.riccibitti.com/pcb/pcb.htm

How To Make (almost) Anything, MIT course
http://fab.cba.mit.edu/classes/MIT/863.09/
HN https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9710070


Education

(See also math, programming, and science careeers)

Why learn, college, graduate school, teaching staff, lifelong, online, courses and events, serendipity

Why learn

Why learn about science (or math, or literature, or anything beyond your day-to-day needs)?
http://www.thecrimson.com/printerfriendly.aspx?ref=515314 (Steven Pinker)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/339b92d285baf383 (bobs)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.edu/msg/0e395819a79c755f (Brian Harvey)
http://ask.metafilter.com/59885/Burn-The-Canon, for example #900985, #900844, #901150, especially #901438, etc. (SansPoint and others)
http://ask.metafilter.com/104479/Majors-Decision#1511396 (troy)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/6eb1814d1baa5165 (Penny314)

College

Getting in: confessions of a college counselor (etc.)
http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/print/200109/flanagan
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=521107
http://ask.metafilter.com/165230/Avoiding-undergraduate-regret
http://ask.metafilter.com/97372/as-far-from-Shopping-Mall-State-as-possible#1667523

Taking standardized tests
http://ask.metafilter.com/115104/Why-me-read-suck#1652237
http://ask.metafilter.com/117655/Please-help-me-improve-my-reading-comprehension-on-the-GRE#1685886

How to write, think, and learn (especially slides 108 - 120 on learning strategies and clear understanding, also 65 - 77, etc.)
http://www.ai.uga.edu/mc/WriteThinkLearn.pdf

How to learn in college (see also math and computer science, many comments here about humanities also apply to science, and vice-versa)
http://ask.metafilter.com/105281/Help-me-not-flunk-out#1520884
http://ask.metafilter.com/104479/Majors-Decision#1511059
http://ask.metafilter.com/108246/Seeking-college-advice#1559282
http://ask.metafilter.com/105211/Should-I-drop-out-of-college#1520259
http://ask.metafilter.com/181584/How-do-I-feel-better-about-failing-a-class#2613009
http://ask.metafilter.com/112600/Why-am-I-incredibly-passionate-about-learning-things-but-dread-actually-putting-them-to-use#1618406, #1618707, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/85908/How-do-I-excel-in-science-classes#1269265, also #1269359, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/99348/Engineering-Skills, for example #1445725, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/140237/isnt-it-supposed-to-be-the-scientist-huddled-under-some-mountain-with-his-misunderstood-work
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=380767, 380133, 380251, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/85393/Maybe-interpretive-dance-would-have-been-a-better-choice#1262010, #1262426, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/145120/Science-vs-Religion#2078569
http://ask.metafilter.com/49239/How-to-getting-motivated-for-my-required-humanities-class#749146, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/72167/Critical-Thinking-for-the-Uncritical-Thinker, for example #1074772, #1074818, #1074928, #1075527, #1281767
http://ask.metafilter.com/59885/Burn-The-Canon, for example #900985, #900844, #901150, especially #901438, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/157626/All-we-are-saying-is-give-the-Dead-White-Men-a-chance, for example #2259232
http://ask.metafilter.com/172529/How-can-I-stop-my-writing-from-being-vague#2482997, also #2482392, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/172419/Straight-A-for-the-Lit-Majors#2481012, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/112459/How-I-understand-music-reviews-better-and-explain-it-to-others#1617195 (good advice for any kind of criticism)
http://ask.metafilter.com/112199/How-to-deal-with-an-intimidating-professor#1613450, #1613290, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/133672/Great-idea-for-a-coursehorribly-misdirected#1909982
http://ask.metafilter.com/105918/Learning-how-to-say-yes-sir-and-staying-myself-in-the-process#1529409, also #1529375, #1529392, #1529532

What is it like to have an understanding of very advanced mathematics? (... or many other subjects)
http://www.quora.com/What-is-it-like-to-have-an-understanding-of-very-advanced-mathematics

After graduation
http://ask.metafilter.com/116116/Rites-of-passage-and-the-requisite-advice#1665375, also #1665320
http://ask.metafilter.com/81672/How-to-be-a-True-Professional
http://ask.metafilter.com/241453/How-to-escape-lowwage-service-jobs-in-your-20s

Graduate school

(Much advice here applies to every stage of a research career.)

Considering grad school, getting in
http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre/grad-school.html

Wrong reasons to go to grad school (bulleted list about halfway down)
http://chronicle.com/cgi2-bin/printable.cgi?article=http://chronicle.com/jobs/news/2009/01/2009013001c.htm

How to do research in grad school (MIT AI lab, pertinent to other fields, other places, other career stages)
http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/shivers/diss-advice.html
http://www.cs.indiana.edu/mit.research.how.to/mit.research.how.to.html

Grad school disillusionment and realism: You need to focus on a concrete goal. ...
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=348879
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2096737
http://ask.metafilter.com/112121/How-can-I-help-my-fiance#1612098
http://ask.metafilter.com/110799/How-to-be-a-successful-psych-PhD-student#1594552
http://ask.metafilter.com/142566/Graduate-school-is-hell-what-is-a-job-an-exgradstudent-can-possibly-get#2040744
http://ask.metafilter.com/126520/Failed-to-get-a-PhD-now-what#1807436, also 1807498
http://www.phdcomics.com/comics.php, also aboutcomics.html

Preparing during grad school for a finding a job after
http://ask.metafilter.com/122826/Would-you-hire-a-new-assistant-professor-from-another-field#1756431

Teaching

How to teach in college
http://ask.metafilter.com/78479/Tips-for-university-teaching, for example #1165133, #1165335, #1165165, #1165465
http://ask.metafilter.com/176852/Not-cut-out-for-it#2544929, #2544978
http://ask.metafilter.com/70744/How-to-keep-college-freshmen-quiet-and-respectful-during-a-lecture
http://ask.metafilter.com/106596/Salvaging-freshman-comp
http://ask.metafilter.com/75822/How-can-I-improve-my-students-writing#1127282 etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/47402/midsemester-burnout#722013 etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/50755/How-to-deal-with-disruptive-university-students-who-are-determined-to-ruin-the-course-and-the-tutors
http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/~heycock/sermon.html

Alternatives to traditional lectures, exercises
http://delicious.com/url/12697f08681ba4c00903b50cf414b8ce
http://mazur-www.harvard.edu/publications.php?function=display&rowid=635, also rowid=78
http://www.colorado.edu/physics/phys1110/phys1110_sp01/ConceptTests/CT_index.html, also phys2010/phys2010_sp04/CTindex.html

Handling too much work in a new job
http://ask.metafilter.com/63263/How-to-be-a-good-and-sane-professor-in-a-crazy-research-world
http://ask.metafilter.com/186028/Scientist-seeks-scientific-shrink#2678299

Constraints on finding research topics
http://matt-welsh.blogspot.com/2013/04/the-other-side-of-academic-freedom.html

Professional skills for academics
http://www.acm.org/crossroads/xrds4-4/network.html, also leader.html, hosting.html

Staff

Understanding college faculty and administration politics and mores, for staff
http://ask.metafilter.com/263649/What-to-expect-at-a-university-comms-marketing-position

Lifelong

Coping with disappointment
http://ask.metafilter.com/120988/How-to-bounce-back-from-Epic-Fail#1731152, etc.
http://scienceblogs.com/thescian/2008/03/what_are_worthwhile_problems_f.php

Confronting and overcoming discouragement
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2262527
http://ask.metafilter.com/108441/Why-doesnt-math-make-sense-anymore

Staying sharp
http://ask.metafilter.com/109756/How-do-I-stop-my-brain-turning-to-mush#1580049, also #1580062 etc.

Online

The Siege of Academe (origins of Coursera, Udacity, edX etc., Sep 2012)
http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/magazine/septemberoctober_2012/features/_its_three_oclock_in039373.php?page=all&print=true

University courses and events

(see also
computer science courses)

MIT course web pages, in many subject areas (scroll down a bit to see the list)
http://mit.edu/is/courseweb/courses.html

MIT open courseware (still more course web pages)
http://ocw.mit.edu/, also OcwWeb/Global/AboutOCW/technology.htm
http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/philg/2003/12/01/outsourcing-to-india-in-business-week-and-at-mit/

"Everything I learned at MIT" (four years of handwritten notes, scanned)
http://edboyden.org/sb1/, for example 12_1.jpg

UC Berkeley courses and events (video, podcasts)
http://webcast.berkeley.edu/courses.php
http://youtube.com/profile_play_list?user=ucberkeley

Research Channel, video archive of research talks from all over (Windows Media Player, etc.)
http://www.researchchannel.org/program/inst.asp, also program/displayseries.asp?collid=172, etc.

Open University (UK), an unusually detailed and well-organized on-line catalog
http://www3.open.ac.uk/courses/

Self-study and serendipity

Best introductory books, most well-written textbooks
What-single-book-is-the-best-introduction-to-your-field-or-specialization-within-your-field-for-laypeople, What-are-the-most-wellwritten-textbooks

Well-written academic books, great first paragraphs
http://crookedtimber.org/2005/05/25/academic-bestsellers/, 2007/02/19/the-challenge-of-affluence/

What's New in the UW Libraries Collections
http://www.lib.washington.edu/services/delivery/booklists.html


Graphics and information design

Frequently updated, portfolios, unusual media, typography, information design, history and literature, web page examples, web page design and technology

Frequently updated

Weblogs
http://www.swiss-miss.com/
http://www.we-make-money-not-art.com/
http://www.pingmag.jp/, also jp/ (in Japanese)
http://www.designers-who-blog.com/
http://brightlycoloredfood.com/
http://www.assembleme.com/

Drawn! Illustration and cartooning blog
http://drawn.ca/

Design Observer
http://www.designobserver.com/

Information aesthetics
http://infosthetics.com/

Rhizome: net art news
http://rhizome.org/

Linkdup: frequently updated directory of splashy websites
http://www.linkdup.com/

Kaliber1000: online design magazine
http://k10k.net/

Generator.x: art from code
http://www.generatorx.no/

Metropolis magazine
http://www.metropolismag.com/cda/

Design firms, portfolios, galleries

Coudal Partners: design firm with links to many other graphics and design sites (some Flash)
http://www.coudal.com/index.php, also archive.php, moom

Entropy8Zuper: web design firm (Flash)
http://entropy8zuper.org/

Second Story Interactive Studios: promo for web design firm with links to many of their projects
http://www.secondstory.com/

Design Observer: Culture Is Not Always Popular, an illustrated lecture (exept the illustrations disappeared!)
http://designobserver.com/feature/culture-is-not-always-popular/1527

Interactive Media Design Review: exhibit of web sites etc.
http://www.idonline.com/imdr03/

Neolography
http://neolography.com/

zenboxstudio
http://zenboxstudio.com/

Unusual media

The Nonist
http://thenonist.com/index.php/thenonist/, also archives/, links/

Book design
http://bookworship.com/
http://www.bookcoverarchive.com/
http://nytimesbooks.blogspot.com, for example 2007/11/my-favorite-book-covers-of-2007.html
http://thingsmagazine.net/projects/1960s/index.htm

"Surely You're Joking Mr. Feynman" book cover designs, better than the usual one
http://maryrosecook.com/blog/post/oh-the-shame-2
http://sumthinblue.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/feynman1.jpg

BibliOdyssey, book art, here showing music notation
http://bibliodyssey.blogspot.com/2006/07/visual-context-of-music.html

Marginalia from medieval illuminated manuscripts
http://discardingimages.tumblr.com/archive

Strange maps, an unusual view of history and literature
http://strangemaps.wordpress.com/

The Stranger, alt weekly cover art (nb archive links back to 1999)
http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/CoverArt?oid=301800&year=2007

Poster of the Week, rock club posters (mostly) in the Stranger
http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/Content?oid=267526, also 229406, 12744, 12338, many more at
  http://www.thestranger.com/gyrobase/Author?oid=196555&page=1,   http://www.google.com/custom?sitesearch=thestranger.com&domains=thestranger.com&q=%22poster+of+the+week%22

Patent Pending Industries, posters, T-shirts, links to similar sites
http://www.patentpendingdesign.com/posters/posters.php, also shirts.php, links.php

Stanley Mouse and the sixties psych-rock aesthetic
http://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2015/07/07/california-dreamin/

Vintage classical music album covers
http://www.flickr.com/photos/jl-incrowd/sets/72157604531858301/

Soviet posters, with translations and explanations
http://sovietposter.blogspot.com/

Origami
http://www.origami.as/home.html

Make
http://www.makezine.com/blog/

pingmag
http://www.pingmag.jp/J/

Music Thing
http://musicthing.blogspot.com/

Typography

Ministry of Type
http://www.ministryoftype.co.uk/

Texter, draw with words (interactive demo, Javascript and HTML5 canvas)
http://tholman.com/experiments/html5/texter/

Periodic table of typefaces
http://www.squidspot.com/Periodic_Table_of_Typefaces/Periodic_Table_of_Typefaces_large.jpg

Fonts for programming
http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/archives/000157.html, also 000969.html
http://hivelogic.com/articles/view/top-10-programming-fonts
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=615088

Ramsey Nasser: programming in Arabic
http://animalnewyork.com/2014/artists-notebook-ramsey-nasser/
also https://github.com/nasser/---/blob/master/public/qlb/primitives.js#L27-L28
also http://www.metafilter.com/138858/Artists-Notebook-Ramsey-Nasser

Typesetting with LaTex
http://nitens.org/taraborelli/latex/
http://hanno-rein.de/archives/349

Mathematics typesetting with LaTeX
http://oku.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/texfaq/mathtime/comparison.html
http://detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/

Pollen: web publishing tool written in Racket (Scheme dialect)
http://pollenpub.com/
also http://practicaltypography.com/ Butterick's Practical Typography, made with Pollen

Wikiwand: alternative interface to Wikipedia with new design and typography
http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Typography

The Rise and Fall of Grunge Typography
http://www.theawl.com/2012/08/grunge-typography

"Learn to read Korean in 15 minutes", the alphabet explained in a comic, also Russian (click in comic to expand)
http://ryanestradadotcom.tumblr.com/post/20461267965/learn-to-read-korean-in-15-minutes
http://ryanestradadotcom.tumblr.com/post/97607943779/learn-to-read-russian-in-15-minutes-i-did-this

Helvetica, a movie about the font
http://www.presentationzen.com/presentationzen/2008/01/helvetica.html

Songs about fonts
http://www.precious-forever.com/2008/07/18/songs-about-fonts/

Hermann Zapf 1918 -- 2015
http://www.fontshop.de/fontblog/hermann-zapf-1918-2015/
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/10/arts/design/hermann-zapf-96-dies-designer-whose-letters-are-found-everywhere.html?_r=0
https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1307403978/the-hermann-zapf-sketchbook-project/posts/1253557 (beautiful calligraphy in video)

Information design

D3 library, gallery, and design
http://d3js.org/
https://github.com/mbostock/d3/wiki/Gallery
http://vis.stanford.edu/papers/d3

Information aesthetics
http://infosthetics.com/

Visual complexity
http://www.visualcomplexity.com/vc/

Dead Reckonings: Lost Art in the Mathematical Sciences
http://myreckonings.com/wordpress/

Newsmap
http://www.marumushi.com/apps/newsmap/newsmap.cfm, also apps/newsmap

Linux kernel map
http://lug.oregonstate.edu/projects/kernelmap/map.php, also about.php

Map of musical influences
http://www.ethanhein.com/influence_map.html

GUI history, gallery
http://r-101.blogspot.com/2006/08/evolution-of-desktops.html
http://www.guidebookgallery.org/index, also site/map, screenshots, icons/components
http://arstechnica.com/articles/paedia/gui.ars/1

Paper prototyping
http://deeplinking.net/paper-web/

Simplicity
http://stuffthathappens.com/blog/2008/03/05/simplicity/

History and literature

Essential graphics literature
http://www.pingmag.jp/2007/01/22/toward-design-literacy/

History of graphic design
http://www.designhistory.org/

Edward Tufte: essays, forum on information design
http://www.edwardtufte.com/tufte/newet, also bboard/

Brief summary of lessons from Tufte's books
http://www.washington.edu/computing/training/560/zz-tufte.html
http://staff.washington.edu/larryg/Classes/Rinflux/zz-influx.html#Issues

Design advice and links
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1474315

Web page examples

Current web style (more links at page bottom)
http://www.webdesignfromscratch.com/current-style.cfm

Fresh Styles: book on web design, lot of links to interesting examples
http://www.lab404.com/dan/left.html

Deep Sites: another book on web design, lots and lots of links to interesting examples
http://www.xs4all.nl/~maxb/deepsites/

Test Pilot Collective FirstPage Archive: 1800+ graphic web pages (scroll down)
http://www.testpilotcollective.com/tpc/

Paper prototyping: initial pencil-and-paper designs for some well-known web sites
http://deeplinking.net/paper-web/

Vows: nice page design for a programming tool
http://vowsjs.org/

Web page design and technology

(See also Internet technologies)

The Web platform: Browser technologies (canonical sources on several dozen)
http://platform.html5.org/

Mozilla developer center: browsers, plugins, related technologies
http://developer.mozilla.org/
comments http://www.metafilter.com/110216/Like-a-manpage-for-the-web

HTML, CSS, and Javascript briefly explained
http://ask.metafilter.com/143124/Explain-relationship-between-HTML-CSS-and-JavaScript-with-pretty-pictures#2048705

HTML, CSS, and Javascript explained at length
http://www.metafilter.com/91264/CSS-and-JS-so-now-you-know
http://www.metafilter.com/111825/Javascript

HTML, CSS, and Javascript essential skills for web designers
http://ask.metafilter.com/229791/Separating-the-wheat-from-the-chaff-when-hiring-a-Web-Designer

Chrome browser explained in a comic book by Scott McCloud
http://blogoscoped.com/google-chrome/

Topics and resources for an introductory course on web page design, HTML + CSS etc. (May 2008)
http://ask.metafilter.com/91892/How-do-I-give-an-interesting-crash-course-on-web-design

Google: HTML, CSS, and Javascript from the Ground Up
http://code.google.com/edu/submissions/html-css-javascript/

Google Code how-to's and references on web page design
http://code.google.com/docreader/#p(doctype)s(doctype)t(Welcome)

HTML primer, including a bit about CSS
http://philip.greenspun.com/seia/html

HTML style advice, especially semantics vs. display
http://ask.metafilter.com/79296/Semantic-markup-and-the-world-wide-web-nonnoob-needs-an-explanation
http://diveintomark.org/archives/2003/08/29/semantics
http://www.flownet.com/ron/css-rant.html

BBC Technical Standards and Guidelines, for web site development etc.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/guidelines/futuremedia/technical/

CSS advice for the artistically challenged
http://www.betaversion.org/~stefano/linotype/news/169/

Design advice and links
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1474315

HTML Dog: HTML and CSS quick references
http://www.htmldog.com/reference/htmltags/, also cssproperties/

HTML canvas element for graphics and animation
http://billmill.org/static/canvastutorial/
http://stevehanov.ca/blog/index.php?id=93

Texter, draw with words (interactive demo, Javascript and HTML5 canvas)
http://tholman.com/experiments/html5/texter/

HTML color codes matching chart: CMYK, RGB, Hex
http://www.logoorange.com/color/color-codes-chart.php

XHTML Character Entity Reference
http://www.digitalmediaminute.com/reference/entity/index.php

Common Math Symbols in HTML, XML, TeX, and Unicode
http://www.johndcook.com/math_symbols.html

Jakob Nielson: AlertBox, usability advice for web page designers
http://www.useit.com/alertbox/

Webless initiative, Any Browser campaign: pleas and recommendations for simpler web pages
http://port70.net/webless/, also rules-validated.html, antiweb.html
http://www.anybrowser.org/campaign/abdesign.html, also ablinks.html

The website development process
http://www.pingmag.jp/2005/12/09/the-website-development-process


Programming and software design

Buzz, languages, tools, systems, design, examples, projects, documentation, open source, teaching, courses, talks, careers, literature, history

Buzz

Hacker News
http://news.ycombinator.com/

Slashdot developers
http://developers.slashdot.org/

Lambda the Ultimate, programming languages weblog
http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/, also node/view/13 (list of blogs)

Blogs
http://nedbatchelder.com/
http://matt.might.net/#blog
http://chneukirchen.org/trivium/
http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/

Left Fold, weekly digest (inactive but back issues still available)
http://www.foldl.org/

Questions and answers for programmers, system administrators, and users
http://stackoverflow.com/
http://serverfault.com/
http://superuser.com/
http://ask.metafilter.com/computers-internet, technology
http://www.quora.com/What-are-some-good-resources-for-learning-about-distributed-computing, What-are-good-resources-to-learn-about-search-engine-architecture

Languages

2500 programming languages
http://people.ku.edu/~nkinners/LangList/Extras/langlist.htm

John McCarthy: essentials of Lisp
http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/lisp20th/node2.html

Paul Graham's pages: Lisp
http://www.paulgraham.com/rootsoflisp.html, also avg.html, lisp.html

Peter Norvig's pages: Lisp, also Python and Java
http://www.norvig.com/, also Lisp-retro.html, python-lisp.html, spell-correct.html, sudoku.html
http://www.udacity.com/wiki/CS212?course=cs212 (Design of Computer Programs, in Python)

John McCarthy: The LISP Programming System (1960)
http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/recursive/node4.html

Henry Baker: The Legacy of Lisp
http://www.international-lisp-conference.org/2005/media/baker-slides.pdf

Lisp 50th birthday celebration
http://www.lisp50.org/schedule/schedule/mccarthy.html
http://lispy.wordpress.com/2008/10/22/lisp50-notes-part-i-johnl-recalls-how-sussman-revealed-nature-of-intelligence/

New Lisps: Arc (2001), PLOT (2006), Clojure (2008)
http://www.paulgraham.com/arcll1.html
http://users.rcn.com/david-moon/PLOT/page-1.html
http://clojure.org/rationale, cheatsheet

BASIC at 50, Dartmouth Time Sharing System
http://www.dartmouth.edu/basicfifty/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/dartmouthflickr/sets/72157643275728555/
http://dtss.dartmouth.edu/index.php
http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dartmouth/BASIC_Oct64.pdf

Niklaus Wirth 80th birthday symposium: Pascal, Modula, Oberon, computer architecture
http://wirth-symposium.ethz.ch/

Type systems (with several interesting links)
http://cdsmith.wordpress.com/2011/01/09/an-old-article-i-wrote/

Programming language theory: notation, semantics applied to "featherweight C"
http://siek.blogspot.com/2012/07/crash-course-on-notation-in-programming.html
http://siek.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/the-semantics-of-familiar-language.html

Simple compiler verified with HOL4, with links to pertinent literature
https://github.com/j-baker/l1c
explained for HN https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9774224

Introduction to LLVM + Clang compiler technology
http://adriansampson.net/blog/llvm.html

Visual programming languages
http://blog.interfacevision.com/design/design-visual-progarmming-languages-snapshots/
comments https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7274674

Programming language Rosetta stones
http://merd.sourceforge.net/pixel/language-study/syntax-across-languages/, also
syntax-across-languages-per-language/

http://www.99-bottles-of-beer.net/toplist.html, also p.html, etc., etc.
http://haskell.org/haskellwiki/99_Haskell_exercises (and links therein)
http://brad.livejournal.com/2354680.html (anagrams in Python, Perl, Ruby, C, C#)
http://www.codepoetics.com/wiki/index.php?title=Topics:SICP_in_other_languages
http://roscidus.com/blog/blog/2013/06/09/choosing-a-python-replacement-for-0install/
  (Python code, performance to compared six compiled languages)

Language arcana
All  
http://wry.me/~darius/writings/abecedarius.html
http://stackoverflow.com/search?q=%22hidden%20features%22&tab=votes
APL, J, K   http://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/the-apl-programming-language-source-code/
http://www.jsoftware.com/papers/, for example APL.htm
http://www.jsoftware.com/jwiki/Essays/Incunabulum
http://archive.vector.org.uk/art10010830
http://kparc.com/k.txt
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7081327
Basic   http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dartmouth/BASIC_Oct64.pdf
http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=987494
http://vintagecomputer.net/cisc367/Dr.%20Dobb%27s%20Journal%20of%20Tiny%20BASIC%20-%20Design%20Notes.pdf
http://www.ittybittycomputers.com/IttyBitty/TinyBasic/, TBuserMan.htm, TBEK.txt, LifeTB.txt, Advent.txt
C   http://klausler.com/cnotes.txt
https://www.recurse.com/blog/5-learning-c-with-gdb, 7-understanding-c-by-learning-assembly
http://www.ioccc.org/1989/jar.2.c, also hint
http://www.phrack.org/phrack/49/P49-14
http://www.literateprogramming.com/ctraps.pdf
http://graphics.stanford.edu/%7Eseander/bithacks.html
http://www.jsoftware.com/jwiki/Essays/Incunabulum
C++   http://public.research.att.com/~bs/glossary.html
http://ask.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=106822&cid=9094624
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=620063
CSS   http://www.metafilter.com/111825/Javascript#4140449 (links to many tutorials)
http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=212634&cid=17305996
Emacs   http://www.math.uh.edu/~bgb/emacs_keys.html
http://scientopia.org/blogs/goodmath/2010/11/30/the-glorious-horror-of-teco/ (TECO, Emacs precursor)
Erlang   http://www.erlang.se/doc/programming_rules.shtml
Forth   http://www.annexia.org/forth, also jonesforth.s.txt, jonesforth.f.txt (.s is x86 assembler, with explanation)
http://www.colorforth.com/ide.html
http://bernd-paysan.de/screenful.html
Fortran   http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/FortranCodingForm.png
Haskell, etc.   http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/simonpj/papers/haskell-tutorial/
http://dev.stephendiehl.com/hask/
http://blog.ezyang.com/2011/11/how-to-read-haskell/
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7689779
http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~byorgey/haskell-alphabet/, for example C.html, Y.html
http://cheatsheet.codeslower.com/CheatSheet.pdf
http://www.bucephalus.org/text/Haskell98numbers/Haskell98numbers.pdf
http://haskell.org/haskellwiki/99_Haskell_exercises
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.scheme/msg/c24318d339bab875 (Gregg Michaelson)
www.cs.kent.ac.uk/people/staff/dat/miranda/wadler87.pdf (Miranda, a Haskell precursor, vs. Scheme)
http://www.willamette.edu/~fruehr/haskell/evolution.html
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6398996/good-haskell-source-to-read-and-learn-from
http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/simonpj/papers/history-of-haskell/
HTML   http://ln.hixie.ch/?start=1137740632&count=1
HOL   http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~jrh13/hol-light/holchart.txt, also summary.txt (John Harrison, Carl Witty)
Java   http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/e12eba49596264ec (Marty Hall)
http://books.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=211590&cid=17230498
Javascript   http://www.metafilter.com/111825/Javascript (links to many tutorials)
http://ask.metafilter.com/195482/Lets-assume-that-I-am-the-stupidest-person-that-ever-lived-Explain-to-me-what-JavaScript-is-what-it-does-and-how-a-moron-would-go-about-learning-it#2817274 (history, recalled by its creator)
http://www.crockford.com/javascript/javascript.html, also survey.html
http://simon.incutio.com/slides/2006/etech/javascript/js-reintroduction-notes.html
http://www.cs.rit.edu/~atk/JavaScript/manuals/jsobj/
http://it.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=215452&cid=17493268
http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=225084&cid=18229470
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=135588
http://blog.stevenlevithan.com/archives/javascript-roman-numeral-converter#comment-16140
http://blog.nihilogic.dk/2008/04/super-mario-in-14kb-javascript.html , also mario.js
http://billmill.org/static/canvastutorial/
http://stevehanov.ca/blog/index.php?id=93
http://vowsjs.org/
http://mrcoles.com/piano/
  code   https://github.com/mrcoles/javascript-piano
  also   https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3993516, also 6270040 (months later)
http://www.svgopen.org/2008/papers/93-The_Lively_Kernel_Web_Application_Framework/ (inspired by Smalltalk)
http://patriciopalladino.com/blog/2012/08/09/non-alphanumeric-javascript.html (write any Javascript using only ()[]{}!+)
  also   http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4365868
http://ejohn.org/blog/introducing-khan-cs/ (pedagogical programming environment)
http://tholman.com/experiments/html5/texter/
Lisp   http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/lisp20th/node2.html (John McCarthy)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/4fd8a36cc09dbf4a (Kaz Kylheku)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/390d49d3b6390946 (Paul Tarvydas)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/b04ff2bee247fbe1 (Tim Bradshaw)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2839849 (InvalidOrTaken, others)
http://lambda.bugyo.tk/cdr/mwl/
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/82a486311341e0cb (Reinhard Gantar)
http://xkcd.com/297/
Lisp (CL)   http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/~jeff/clos-guide.html, also lisp/cl-pitfalls (Jeff Dalton)
http://weitz.de/macros.lisp (Edmund Weitz)
http://people.csail.mit.edu/jhbrown/macros/ (Jeremy H. Brown)
http://dreamsongs.com/Files/clcrit.pdf (Brooks and Gabriel)
http://dinosaur-act.ath.cx/usenet-archive/news063f1/b83/comp/lang/lisp/00000612.html (Skef Whorley)
http://ilc2009.scheming.org/node/7 (Dan Weinreb)
http://www.quicklisp.org/beta/ (Zach Beane)
Lisp (Clojure)   http://clojure.org/cheatsheet
https://github.com/nathell/lithium, assembler.clj, compiler.clj
also http://blog.danieljanus.pl/blog/2013/05/26/lithium-revisited/
Lisp (Elisp)   http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.scheme/msg/1d9f8e0e337434b6 (Christopher Browne)
Lisp (Scheme)   http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.misc/msg/2e91428a670fd822 (Ken Dickey)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.edu/msg/6fd01ae1ffd0f4ae (Brian Harvey)
http://programming-musings.org/2009/12/23/scheme-lectures-mostly/, also 2009/12/29/sicp-distilled/ (jao)
www.cs.kent.ac.uk/people/staff/dat/miranda/wadler87.pdf (Scheme vs. Miranda, a Haskell precursor)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.functional/msg/88d65e28baafeadd (Patrick D. Logan)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.scheme/msg/671085caab2804fd (James A. Crippen)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.scheme/msg/06263a227f20ee1e (brlewis)
Lisp (CL and Scheme)   http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.scheme/msg/b505263f820dba29
Lua   http://lua-users.org/lists/lua-l/2012-04/msg00331.html
http://www.lua.org/manual/5.2/manual.html#9, also source/5.2/
http://www.lua.org/docs.html#papers, especially jucs05.pdf
http://luajit.org/faq.html
ML   http://adam.chlipala.net/mlcomp/ (OCaml vs. Standard ML)
http://c9x.me/qcc/, src/qcc.ml.html (tiny C compiler)
Mathematica   http://intothecontinuum.tumblr.com/
Perl   http://qntm.org/files/perl/perl.html
http://www.netalive.org/tinkering/serious-perl/
http://www.foo.be/docs/tpj/issues/vol4_3/tpj0403-0013.html
http://glyphic.s3.amazonaws.com/ozone/mark/periodic/Periodic%20Table%20of%20the%20Operators%20A4%20300dpi.jpg
http://budi.insan.co.id/courses/el2001/plpaper.pdf
http://www.onfocus.com/2006/03/3789
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=266536
http://blog.ksplice.com/2010/05/top-10-perl-one-liner-tricks/
PHP   http://programming.reddit.com/info/utqb/comments/cuw8j
http://www.phptherightway.com/
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=216879
http://ask.metafilter.com/83941/I-need-skillz
http://ask.metafilter.com/87744/how-to-simplify-CSS-websitepages-please#1292785, also #1293266 (starter PHP project, simple server-side include)
http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=211706&cid=17234626
http://ask.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=216482&cid=17569758
http://blog.wecreate.com/articles/10-rules-to-code-by/#rule4, also #rule7, and comments 7, 24, 26
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=124088
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=398570
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=401116 (learning PHP)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=436870, for example 436930, 437954, 436966, 437261, 437001, 437140, etc.
http://thcnet.net/zork/index.php
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=452241
Prolog   https://prof.ti.bfh.ch/hew1/informatik3/prolog/p-99/
Python (reference)   http://rgruet.free.fr/PQR26/PQR2.6.html (awesomely dense), also #QuickRef (other versions)
http://docs.python.org, for example reference/, library/, howto/, modindex.html, glossary.html
http://www.doughellmann.com/PyMOTW/contents.html
http://www.scipy.org/Numpy_Example_List, also NumPy_for_Matlab_Users
http://www.rexx.com/~dkuhlman/scipy_course_01.html#mathematical-statistic-and-scientific-capabilities (SciPy)
http://code.activestate.com/recipes/langs/python/
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/python
http://jessenoller.com/good-to-great-python-reads/
Python (brief tutorials)   http://coffeeghost.net/pybat/python_cheatsheet.png
http://www.poromenos.org/tutorials/python
http://pages.physics.cornell.edu/~myers/teaching/ComputationalMethods/python/NanoPy/NanoPy3.html
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/683273/advice-for-c-programmer-writing-python, also 101268/hidden-features-of-python, , 231767/the-python-yield-keyword-explained, 739654/understanding-python-decorators, etc.
http://python.net/~goodger/projects/pycon/2007/idiomatic/handout.html
http://ivory.idyll.org/articles/advanced-swc/
http://www.dabeaz.com/generators/
http://www.yourmachines.org/tutorials/mgpy.html (graphics libraries, video editing)
http://adam.gomaa.us/blog/the-python-property-builtin/ (also decorators)
http://avinashv.net/2008/04/python-decorators-syntactic-sugar/ (decorator classes)
http://nedbatchelder.com/text/iter.html, also starttest.html (iteration, also testing)
http://python3porting.com/improving.html (context managers etc. for Python 2.x also)
Python (books)   http://docs.python.org/tutorial/
http://www.greenteapress.com/thinkpython/thinkpython.html
http://diveintopython.org/, also http://diveintopython3.org/
http://www.mindview.net/Books/TIPython
http://learnpythonthehardway.org/
http://www-inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs61a/sp12/book/ (text for Berkeley SICP in Python, linked below)
Python (courses)   http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-189-a-gentle-introduction-to-programming-using-python-january-iap-2011/, also http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-189-a-gentle-introduction-to-programming-using-python-january-iap-2008/ (MIT, uses Downey's Think Like a Computer Scientist text)
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-00-introduction-to-computer-science-and-programming-fall-2008/ (MIT, CS intro with Python, 24 videos)
http://code.google.com/edu/languages/google-python-class, also index.html#_python_understanding (Google)
http://www.udacity.com/wiki/CS212?course=cs212 (Design of Computer Programs, in Python, by Peter Norvig)
http://www-inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs61a/sp12/ (Berkeley, SICP in Python, text linked above)
http://software-carpentry.org/, also http://softwarecarpentry.wordpress.com/a-fresh-start/
http://www.pasteur.fr/recherche/unites/sis/formation/python/ (Bioinformatics)
http://mentat.za.net/numpy/intro/intro.html
http://pages.physics.cornell.edu/~myers/teaching/ComputationalMethods/ (SciPy/NumPy)
http://openhatch.org/wiki/Boston_Python_Workshop_4 (two-day introduction for women)
https://www.noisebridge.net/wiki/PyClass (free class at a hacker space)
http://jon-jacky.github.com/uw_python/ (UW continuing education)
Python (examples)   http://www.python.org/doc/essays/graphs.html
http://www.raschke.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/fp/simple_fp.html
http://www.norvig.com/spell-correct.html, sudoku.html
http://blog.ksplice.com/2010/07/learning-by-doing-writing-your-own-traceroute-in-8-easy-steps/
http://www.seapig.org/ThirtyMinuteWebServer
http://wordaligned.org/articles/why-python-programmers-should-learn-python
http://brad.livejournal.com/2354680.html (also Perl, Ruby, C, C#)
http://www.thensys.com/index.php?title=dataflow_programming&more=1&c=1&tb=1&pb=1 (Python decorators)
http://www.somebits.com/weblog/tech/good/flickrClient.html
http://thinkpython.blogspot.com/2008/02/lisp-in-single-expression.html
http://gnuradio.org/redmine/wiki/gnuradio/TutorialsWritePythonApplications
http://almien.co.uk/OSM/Routing/
http://paste.lisp.org/display/24849, also http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=303019 (yield, lambda)
http://www.codepoetics.com/wiki/index.php?title=Topics:SICP_in_other_languages:Python:Chapter_1, also Chapter_2 Chapter_3
http://entitycrisis.blogspot.com/2009/01/giant-python-powered-robots.html
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4502656/how-to-sort-my-paws
http://www.myhdl.org/, for example examples/flipflops.html
https://gist.github.com/2012250 (one-line tree using autovivication)
also http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3881171
https://zvzzt.wordpress.com/2014/05/03/python-recursion-visualization-with-rcviz/
also https://github.com/carlsborg/rcviz
don't forget https://docs.python.org/2/library/trace.html
https://github.com/tancredi/python-console-snake
http://codegolf.stackexchange.com/questions/50521/ascii-art-of-the-day-2-flow-snakes
Python (pitfalls and arcana)   http://zephyrfalcon.org/labs/python_pitfalls.html
http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=164792&cid=13756109 ("evil default value pitfall")
http://effbot.org/zone/default-values.htm (more about mutable default values)
Python (assessment)   https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6029001
http://python-history.blogspot.com/, for example 2009/01/pythons-design-philosophy.html
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=157579
http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html
http://rondam.blogspot.com/2008/02/what-python-gets-right.html
http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=164792&cid=13753601
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=682101 (Python vs. Ruby, lots of details about both)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1803627 (Peter Norvig and John McCarthy)
http://roscidus.com/blog/blog/2013/06/09/choosing-a-python-replacement-for-0install/#why-replace-python (compared to 6 compiled languages)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5945997 (object model frustates compilation to fast code, much more in parent)
Python (Python 3)   http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/nde/papers/teachpy3.html (Python 3 motivation and features)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=687204 (Python 2.6 vs. 3, keeping up with versions in general)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9518391 (useful additions to recent Python 3.x)
Python (announcements and discussion)   http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python.announce/topics
http://planet.python.org/
http://search.gmane.org/?query=python+URL+weekly+news+links&group=gmane.comp.python.general&sort=date
http://www.pythonware.com/daily/
http://us.pycon.org/2010/conference/talks/
http://www.seapig.org/ (Seattle)
Ruby   http://www.troubleshooters.com/codecorn/ruby/basictutorial.htm
http://experthuman.com/programming-with-nothing (lambda calculus, Church encoding, Y combinator explained)
Regular expressions   http://osteele.com/tools/rework/, also reanimator/ (Flash), archives/2006/02/reanimator
http://www.regxlib.com/DisplayPatterns.aspx
sed   http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line.txt
SQL   http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set
http://www.andreas-dewes.de/en/2015/queens-of-the-data-age-abusing-common-table-expressions-to-solve-the-eight-queens-problem-in-sql/
Smalltalk   http://www.squeak.org/
http://www.vpri.org/pdf/tr1997001_backto.pdf (Squeak)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10047970 (Squeak, Pharo, GNU Smalltalk, Seaside in 2015)
http://dmitrymatveev.co.uk/shampoo/ (Smalltalk UI in Emacs)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4229788, 4228324 (motivation and legacy)
Unix find, grep, xargs   http://groups.google.com/group/comp.unix.aix/browse_frm/thread/c610b3f96d3a35a1/0750d91b0c7924be?hl=en#0750d91b0c7924be
Unix shells   http://www.cs.usfca.edu/~parrt/course/601/lectures/unix.util.html
http://www.iol.ie/~padraiga/cmdline.html
http://quong.com/shellin20/shellin20.html
http://wordaligned.org/articles/shell-script-sets
http://www.pixelbeat.org/cmdline.html#sets
http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/browse
  explained   http://www.catonmat.net/blog/top-ten-one-liners-from-commandlinefu-explained/
  via   http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2867079
Z   http://staff.washington.edu/jon/z/glossary.html, also toolkit.html
http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/317277.html (download PDF from link on page)

Codefetch, Code Search, search for code examples from programming books and public repositories
http://www.codefetch.com/, also popular.html, examples.html
http://labs.oreilly.com/code/, also stats/
http://www.google.com/codesearch, also help/faq_codesearch.htm

Gawkinet, Internet programming language (new wine in old bottles)
http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/view/1186
http://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawkinet/html_node/Some-Applications-and-Techniques.html#Some-Applications-and-Techniques

Wheat, Internet programming language (interesting ideas, probably not ready for production)
http://www.wheatfarm.org/, also talk/intro.html, talk/talk6.html

Programming language ecology
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.prolog/msg/4cca04e8b78e0a46 (Pereira)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.functional/msg/eb43be54ded8a9d9 (Jeff Dalton)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.functional/msg/ab6dedda9a2ea17b (Blackwell)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/eb4191e41e0b27b6 (Naggum)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/7ec5c64e02e283a5 (Shebs)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/665c1ffc1854f8a7 (Shebs 2)
http://dlweinreb.wordpress.com/2007/11/16/why-did-symbolics-fail/(Weinreb)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.c++/msg/7d05898f56bd0b33 (Stroustrup)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.c++/msg/a3ce2aa3e0745e58 (Stroupstrup 2)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/cc3853d3da9ae50e (Pitman)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2839849 (invalidOrTaken)
http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/1807#comment-21872 (Griffith)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=436870, for example 436930, 437954, 436966, 437261, 437001, 437140, etc. (eries and many contributors)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8868656 (angersock and others)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7895721 (chubot)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/82a486311341e0cb (Gantar)

Conferences
http://weitz.de/eclm2005/
http://www.international-lisp-conference.org/2005/schedule.html, also 2003, 2002
http://www.python.org/pycon/dc2005/papers/, also 2004
http://www.codecon.org/2005/program.html, also 2004, 2003, 2002
http://www.cs.uni-bonn.de/~costanza/lisp-ecoop/papers.htm
http://ll3.ai.mit.edu/program.html, also ll2, ll1

Humor
http://wry.me/~darius/writings/abecedarius.html
http://maradydd.livejournal.com/293666.html
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=538241
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.ada/msg/8384fa674b8785be

Tools

Editors

TextEditors Wiki: links and lore about more than 1800 editors
http://texteditors.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?EditorIndex, also Family_Classifications, EditorFamilyTree etc.

ed   http://blog.sanctum.geek.nz/actually-using-ed/
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4120513

teco   http://scientopia.org/blogs/goodmath/2010/11/30/the-glorious-horror-of-teco/
http://tenex.opost.com/anhc-31-4-anec.pdf (teco history, also about using early OS-less PDP1 etc.)
http://ftp.dbit.com/pub/pdp10/tops10/teco124.mac (1978 in PDP-10 assembler, with explanation and comments)
https://github.com/blakemcbride/TECOC (1980s -- present in C)

emacs   http://www.math.uh.edu/~bgb/emacs_keys.html (command summary)
http://sachachua.com/blog/series/a-visual-guide-to-emacs/ (cartoon guide to emacs)
  also https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5728296
http://www.braveclojure.com/basic-emacs/ (introductory tutorial)
  https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6320482
https://www.hackerschool.com/blog/11-exploring-emacs (built-in emacs help)
  also http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4892109
http://www.slideshare.net/yukihiro_matz/how-emacs-changed-my-life (lessons of emacs source code)
  also https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6094798 (transcript, without slides)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8606179 (M-x tetris, M-x finder-by-keyword)
http://bzg.fr/learn-emacs-lisp-in-15-minutes.html (emacs lisp)
  also https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6116514
http://nullprogram.com/blog/2014/01/04/ (emacs bytecode)
http://dmitrymatveev.co.uk/shampoo/ (Smalltalk UI in emacs)

emacs screenshots   http://images.google.com/, search for emacs
http://tuhdo.github.io/emacs-tutor.html (long, many animated demos)

emacs history   http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/its-cover.png
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.emacs/msg/0342e0bc1aa05c0d (emacs in 1977, Daniel Weinreb in 2008)
http://multicians.org/mepap.html (Bernard S. Greenberg on Mulics emacs, 1979 revised 1996, vast trove of tech details)
https://ia601004.us.archive.org/32/items/MITAIMemo519/MIT-AIMemo519.pdf (Richard Stallman, MIT AI Memo, 1979)
https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/emacs-paper.html (Richard Stallman, canonical reference, 1981)
http://www.gnu.org/gnu/rms-lisp.html (Richard Stallman, 1970s -- 80s recalled in 2002)

vi, vim   http://www.danielmiessler.com/study/vim/
http://www.viemu.com/vi-vim-cheat-sheet.gif
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1218390/what-is-your-most-productive-shortcut-with-vim/1220118#1220118/
https://github.com/litcave/neatvi (edit bidirectional UTF-8 text, for Arabic and Farsi)

vi history http://docs.freebsd.org/44doc/usd/12.vi/paper.html (original manual)
But fundamentally, vi is still ed inside.
http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~kirkenda/joy84.html (Bill Joy, 1984)
I was trying to make it usable over a 300 baud modem. ... vi was written for a world that doesn´t exist anymore.
http://www.linux-mag.com/id/349/ (Bill Joy, 1999)

emacs and vi   https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8614891
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=231002
... programmability and modelessness. Those are two ideas which never occurred to me.
http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~kirkenda/joy84.html (Bill Joy, 1984)

sam   http://sam.cat-v.org/
http://texteditors.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?Sam

acme   http://plan9.bell-labs.com/sys/doc/acme.html
http://research.swtch.com/acme (Tour of Acme, video, comments)
  http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4533156 (more comments)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dopu3ZtdCsg (a different video)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2428162 (Acme in use, 2011)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4692167 (Acme on the MacBook, 3-button mouse, 2012)
http://www.cse.yorku.ca/~oz/wily/pythonpaper.html (Wily, Acme clone, concise manual at onepage.html)
http://wmii.suckless.org/ (wmii, tiling window manager influenced by Acme)
http://swtch.com/plan9port/ (Acme, other Plan 9 programs ported to Linux etc.)

IDEs and alternatives
http://www.charlespetzold.com/etc/DoesVisualStudioRotTheMind.html
http://ask.metafilter.com/102558/How-do-I-learn-the-Visual-Studio-way-of-thinking-about-software-development
http://ask.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=195429&cid=16012121
http://erlang.org/pipermail/erlang-questions/2011-July/059965.html

Debuggers
http://linuxmafia.com/faq/Kernel/linus-im-a-bastard-speech.html

Distributed version control (see also Subversion)
http://veracity-scm.com/compare/
http://www.dribin.org/dave/blog/archives/2007/12/28/dvcs/
http://drxyzzy.org/wordpress/?p=13
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=339876
hg   http://hginit.com/
http://www.aosabook.org/en/mercurial.html
http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0374/ (choosing a dvcs for the Python project)
fossil   https://www.fossil-scm.org/index.html/doc/tip/www/index.wiki, concepts.wiki (uses SQLite)
git reference   http://help.github.com/
https://git.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/GitDocumentation
http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/user-manual.html#git-concepts
http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~blynn/gitmagic/ch08.html
git explanation   http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4340298
http://maryrosecook.com/blog/post/git-in-six-hundred-words, git-from-the-inside-out
http://eagain.net/articles/git-for-computer-scientists/
http://www.advogato.org/person/apenwarr/diary/371.html
http://steveko.wordpress.com/2012/02/24/10-things-i-hate-about-git/
http://ask.metafilter.com/219514/Help-me-use-git-the-way-it-was-intended#3171483, also #3171499
https://github.com/marak/the-git-rap
http://tartley.com/?p=1267
http://git-man-page-generator.lokaltog.net/
git svn equivalences   https://git.wiki.kernel.org/articles/g/i/t/GitSvnCrashCourse_512d.html
git summaries   https://github.com/codeforamerica/skillshares/tree/master/git_basics
http://jan-krueger.net/development/git-cheat-sheet-extended-edition
http://www.ndpsoftware.com/git-cheatsheet.html
  (click in page to show commands, hover cursor over any, explanation appears at page bottom)
git in Python   http://samba.org/~jelmer/dulwich/
https://github.com/FriendCode/gittle
https://speakerdeck.com/aarono/gittle-pythonic-git-for-humans
git origins   https://github.com/git/git/commit/e83c5163316f89bfbde7d9ab23ca2e25604af290 (Linus Torvalds)
also   http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4395014

Testing tools (mostly Python but with generally useful taxonomy)
http://pycheesecake.org/wiki/PythonTestingToolsTaxonomy

Model-based testing
http://www.codeplex.com/NModel
http://staff.washington.edu/jon/pymodel/www/
http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~marku/mbt/modeljunit/, also mbt/
http://research.microsoft.com/projects/specexplorer/, also research/pubs/view.aspx?type=Technical%20Report&id=912

Vows, Javascript testing tool (nice page design, too)
http://vowsjs.org/

Java Modeling Language (JML), including testing tool
http://www.cs.iastate.edu/~leavens/JML/

NuSMV: a new symbolic model checker
http://nusmv.irst.itc.it/, also NuSMV/papers/sttt_j/html/index.html

AskIgor automated debugging server
http://www.st.cs.uni-sb.de/askigor/about.php, also dd/?lang=en

Nostalgia and frustration
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=633182

Systems

Jim Gray's pages: large databases, astronomy
http://research.microsoft.com/~Gray/

Design principles

(See also documentation, Internet architecture, examples)

"What is your definition of 'Design', Monsieur Eames?" (ca 1955)
http://markwunsch.com/blog/2008/09/27/design-q-a-with-charles-eames.html

Tim Berners-Lee's principles of design (1998--2002)
http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Principles.html

Butler Lampson's hints for design (1983)
http://research.microsoft.com/~lampson/33-hints/WebPage.html

Erlang team's programming rules and conventions (2000)
http://www.erlang.se/doc/programming_rules.shtml

Jon Bentley's collection of proverbs and aphorisms (1985)
http://www.oocities.com/krishna_kunchith/misc/bscs.html

David Parnas' classic paper on modular design (1972)
http://www.acm.org/classics/may96/

Jerome Saltzer et al's classic paper on the end-to-end principle (1981)
http://www.reed.com/Papers/EndtoEnd.html
http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/endtoend/endtoend.pdf

Jon Postel's robustness principle (1979, via Nick Gall)
http://ironick.typepad.com/ironick/2005/05/my_history_of_t.html

Fallacies of distributed computing by Peter Deutsch, comment by Tim Bray
http://blogs.sun.com/jag/resource/Fallacies.html
http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2009/05/25/HTTP-and-the-Fallacies-of-Distributed-Computing

"Extremist simplification" in the K programming language
"Reduce the problem surface by going for extreme simplicity in absolutely all areas"
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8479785

Big-O analysis in web applications
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2837214

Trygve Reenskaug's original notes on Model-View-Controller (MVC) (1979), an early implementation (1987, 1992), a web implementation (2007), criticism (2008), explanation and caveats (2009)
http://heim.ifi.uio.no/~trygver/themes/mvc/mvc-index.html
http://st-www.cs.uiuc.edu/users/smarch/st-docs/mvc.html
http://betterexplained.com/articles/intermediate-rails-understanding-models-views-and-controllers/
http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=1044849&cid=25918213
http://ask.metafilter.com/138754/You-hit-Duke-Duke-is-killed#1983537 (etc.)

Alexis Rosen's post on user interface design details that hugely affect acceptance (1989)
http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks/9.38.html#subj6

Martin Pilkington's page on database design and normalisation (also with nicer formating, comments, 2006)
http://pilky.mcubedsw.com/index.php?/site/comments/32/
http://www.dtgeeks.com/features/tutorialview/basic_database_design/

Database normalization design tradeoffs (many contributors, 2008)
http://ask.metafilter.com/89798/How-much-database-normalization-is-too-much, for example #1319152, #1319416, #1319652
etc. ...

SQL design and programming advice
http://ask.metafilter.com/170087/SQL-learning-exercises#2446809

"Tico the fairy teaches the Princess how to simplify her data management..."
http://www.boingboing.net/2008/10/09/manga-guide-to-datab.html

Bjarne Stroustrup's paper on object-oriented design and some alternatives (1995)
(Are there any good short introductions or summaries about object-oriented design? ...)
http://public.research.att.com/~bs/oopsla.pdf

(... Maybe this is it.)
http://www.lava.se/sam/

Object-oriented design: enthusiasm and skepticism (the same tension gathers around any method)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/58c64b868dd54031 (Rolf Schumacher)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/6f7e252bbe09c426 (Elliot)
http://www.cs.york.ac.uk/hise/safety-critical-archive/2002/0205.html, also 0203.html (Nancy Leveson)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/69008285d1e97d34 (Christopher Browne)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=398621 (mechanical_fish, thomasmallen)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=380766, 380862 (gruseom, daniel_yokomizo)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.eiffel/msg/fe33f37a4b7e108f (Dr. Richard Botting)

Design patterns (I'm underwhelmed but some think they are helpful)
http://norvig.com/design-patterns/
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=381512, 380862, 380766, etc.
http://www.dofactory.com/Patterns/Patterns.aspx
http://developer.yahoo.com/ypatterns/

Phil Agre's design course
http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre/240/, also week5.html, week10.html

Butler Lampson's and Daniel Jackson's systems course at MIT (2004)
http://web.mit.edu/6.826/www/notes/

Kaashoek's and Zeldovich's systems course at MIT (2012)
http://mit.edu/6.033/www/schedule.shtml

Daniel Jackson's pages: software design and analysis
http://sdg.lcs.mit.edu/~dnj/, also alloy, womble.pdf, fall00-lectures.pdf

Niklaus Wirth's history of "good ideas that turned out to be less than brilliant" (2006)
http://www.cs.inf.ethz.ch/~wirth/Articles/GoodIdeas_origFig.pdf

Design examples, case studies

(See also principles, computer architecture)

John McCarthy's essentials of Lisp (1980)
http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/lisp20th/node2.html

John McCarthy's original paper on the LISP Programming System (1960)
http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/recursive/node4.html

Timothy Brownawell's one sentence description of Unix (2006)
http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=212150&cid=17267564

Doug McIlroy, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson on Unix philosophy, summarized by Eric Raymond (1978, 1987, 2003)
http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/ch01s06.html

Dennis Ritchie's early notes on Unix (1972)
http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/notes.html

Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson's classic paper on Unix internals (1973,78)
http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/cacm.html, also cacm.pdf

Xv6, a re-implementation of Unix V6 in ANSI C for x86, used in MIT 6.828 (2006)
http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.828/2012/xv6.html, especially book-rev7.pdf

Unix "philosophy" of connecting everything with text streams, disadvantages and alternatives
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9777069

Simson Garfinkel et al's Unix haters handbook (1994)
http://research.microsoft.com/%7Edaniel/preface.html

Unix and Windows similarities, contrasted to other OS designs
"Unix and Windows are huddled together in one tiny corner of the design space ..."
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10138970

Plan 9, post-Unix OS from the same team
http://plan9.bell-labs.com/plan9/, especially /1/0intro, /5/0intro, 9.html, acme.html
http://doc.cat-v.org/plan_9/, for example acme.cat-v.org (more about Acme editor in tools)
http://swtch.com/plan9port/ (Plan 9 programs ported to Linux etc.)
http://9front.org/, especially http://fqa.9front.org/ (recent fork)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2773275 (rc shell)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3537448 ("everything is a file", considered)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9829826 ("everything is a file", considered again)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8325868 (objects vs. files)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8978491 (desktop GUI)
http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.824-2013/notes/l16.txt (notes from MIT 6.824 Distributed Systems, scroll down)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8721046 (very brief summary)

Language-based OS and hardware: Lisp machines, Smalltalk, and more
https://github.com/jon-jacky/Piety/blob/master/doc/precursors.md

Squeak, a practical Smalltalk written in itself
http://www.vpri.org/pdf/tr1997001_backto.pdf

Smalltalk motivation and legacy, influenced Lively Kernel and STEPS (below)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4229788, 4228324

Lively Kernel, Smalltalk-like tools + applications entirely self-contained in the browser, in Javascript
http://www.svgopen.org/2008/papers/93-The_Lively_Kernel_Web_Application_Framework/
http://www.lively-kernel.org/
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10105563

Pedagogical programming environment in the browser using Javascript
http://ejohn.org/blog/introducing-khan-cs/

Viewpoints Research Institute STEPS project, attempting OS + tools + applications in 20,000 lines
http://vpri.org/html/work/ifnct.htm, also tr2011004_steps11.pdf
also http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3996209
also http://www.mail-archive.com/fonc@vpri.org/

Sergey Brin and Larry Page's original paper on the Google design and prototype (1998)
http://infolab.stanford.edu/~backrub/google.html
http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/brin98anatomy.html

Subversion (version control system) goals, architecture, design, performance tradeoffs (2000--2007)
(see also
distributed version control)
http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.4/svn.intro.whatis.html, #svn.intro.architecture.dia-1
http://subversion.tigris.org/design.html
http://svn.haxx.se/users/archive-2005-10/0112.shtml

Wikipedia database: huge LAMP example (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP5, 2007)
http://dammit.lt/uc/workbook2007.pdf
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Mediawiki-database-schema.png?
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=442948

The Architecture of Open Source Applications (2011)
http://www.aosabook.org/en/, for example mercurial.html, packaging.html, and selenium.html

Bitcoin
http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.824-2013/papers/bitcoin.pdf, notes/l18.txt
http://brokenlibrarian.org/bitcoin/

Projects: process, management, politics, and business

(see also documentation, open source, Internet projects, Apple, Microsoft)

Proverbs, truisms, rules of thumb
http://www.cs.yale.edu/quotes.html (Alan Perlis)
http://www.oocities.com/krishna_kunchith/misc/bscs.html (Jon Bentley)
http://www2.computer.org/portal/web/buildyourcareer/fa035 (Robert L. Glass)
http://hbr.harvardbusiness.org/2009/03/the-truths-about-it-costs/ar/pr (Susan Cramm)

Fred Brooks' Mythical Man-Month Revisited (summarized by Rene Schaad)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/b7f2a5e9465e48ba

Routine projects vs. novel ones, other experience that confirms Brooks (above)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.functional/msg/53f2fd249694076f (Mike Williams)

Program-building strategies and heuristics
http://ask.metafilter.com/100469/Parcelling-out-a-program#1460534, #1460817 (jenkinsEar, and for no one)
http://ask.metafilter.com/112202/How-can-I-hone-my-problem-solving-skills#1613615 (grumblebee)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=290842 (edw519)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8622136 (blhack)

Extreme programming, and some precursors
http://www.onlamp.com/lpt/a/4061 (chromatic)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/8e1085fc168f02e0 (John Roth)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/0cf143f6277f28c7?hl=en (Ben Kovitz, Biju Thomas)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/1b099bdd4638a475?hl=en (John Duncan)
http://www.google.com/groups?selm=xczr9fhke4k.fsf@etxb.ericsson.se (Ulf Wiger)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/16e5b05673c5fd8e (Gary Stoneburner)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/a8d57e43d8999dc5 (Eric Peterson)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/a30713b433dda773 (Kurt Guntheroth)
http://groups.google.com/group/alt.folklore.computers/msg/ef2d2b99c7b3d423?hl=en& (spinoza9999)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.eiffel/msg/fe33f37a4b7e108f (Dr. Richard Botting)

Proposals, estimates, invoices, taxes, licenses etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/96536/A-modest-proposal
http://ask.metafilter.com/101967/Need-some-tips-on-how-to-be-a-freelance-developer

Developers, users, and customers
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/9145a28ea5e953d4 (Frank A. Adrian)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/c575ea75cb755c85 (Robert Munck and Andy Gabb)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/4a51523ae66af5cd (Graham Shevlin)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/c86184b60008e523 (Darren Collins)

Testing
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software.testing/msg/8d7b967cb1532f46?hl=en (Marshall Woodson)
http://www.soft.com/News/QTN-Online/ttnnov99.html (Boris Beizer, scroll down for "best and worst practices" article)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/0cf143f6277f28c7?hl=en (Ben Kovitz, Biju Thomas)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/5a8e2409fe5d54d9 (Martin Fowler)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/801c79842e86336f?hl=en (Vivekanand Sakaram)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/760dde482b654ba4 (boris beizer)

Estimating time and costs
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/0245ef719e0cc028 (Rommert J. Casimir)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.arch.embedded/msg/c1858ae297d96d10 (Herman)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/e4a94e887b7d0c74 (Peter Leeson)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/1b099bdd4638a475?hl=en (John Duncan)
http://hissa.nist.gov/mlists/ivandv/199903/19990326-4.html (Jon D Hagar)
http://www.google.com/groups?selm=xczr9fhke4k.fsf@etxb.ericsson.se (Ulf Wiger)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/2da3508884b1976f (Jonathan Allan)
http://www2.computer.org/cms/Computer.org/ComputingNow/homepage/2009/0709/rW_SO_Viewpoints.pdf (Tom DeMarco)

Large projects vs. small ones, matching staff size to time (see also Fred Brooks, above)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/76c44841c36fb3c2 (Scott L. McGregor)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/411a8750a58901b7 (Jeffrey C. Dege)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.sw.components/msg/d6da8110f1633dff (Dick Dunn)

Damage control and prevention
http://www.stevemcconnell.com/rdenum.htm (Steve McConnell)
http://www.joelonsoftware.com/printerFriendly/articles/fog0000000043.html (Joel Spolsky)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software.testing/msg/e19a1c12a70c00de (boris beizer)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/8f34d628c69dc081?hl=en (ppgooding)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/63f8ef800f407e34?hl=en (Nicole Bianco)
http://ask.metafilter.com/98290/Project-Management-Tips (jasondigitized and many contributors)

Traditional engineering vs. software development
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/6103dbb0f201e6fd (Jeff Offutt)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/0e79064c6157b9ea (Paul C. George)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/f2bcebcdd0326c08 (Andy Dent)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software.testing/msg/8d7b967cb1532f46?hl=en (Marshall Woodson)

System administration including people, operations, IT (see also in coping)
http://www.cs.usfca.edu/~parrt/doc/devnybbles.html (Terence Parr)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.unix.admin/msg/324f2eb3aea8efb6 (Steve Simmons)
http://groups.google.com/group/alt.folklore.computers/msg/b593d68089c7337f (Paul Evans via David Meyer)

The Inmates are Running the Asylum, a book supposedly about design but more about projects
http://www.cooper.com/insights/books/#inmates
http://timoni.org/?p=30 (talk years later by same author)

High Stakes, No Prisoners, a book on startups, management, and the computer industry
http://www.j-bradford-delong.net/Econ_Articles/Reviews/ferguson.html

QA Confidential
http://www.leisuretown.com/library/qac/index.html

Documentation

(See also projects, design, literature)

What to document, why, and for whom
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/8e1085fc168f02e0 (John Roth)
http://web.cs.wpi.edu/~gpollice/cs3733-b05/Readings/FAKE-IT.pdf, or
  http://www.laputan.org/pub/papers/Fake.pdf (David Parnas and Paul Clements in TSE 12(2) Feb 86)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/585ea82e74b74583 (Paul Campbell)
http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2003/9/29/104212/112 (clover kicker)

What to document for web sites (analogous items are needed for any software)
http://ask.metafilter.com/111250/Document#1600201, also #1600220, #1600595, etc.

Requirements vs. specifications vs. design vs. user manuals
(Remarks here on object-oriented programming and UML apply as well to other styles and notations)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/1fc41d5a12767a33 (David Alex Lamb)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.object/msg/8199fef16107760b (Robert C. Martin)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/788501ffe3e2da67 (Ben Kovitz)

Requirements via use cases, difficulties and recommendations
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/c3aa69056768bbdf (cdewalt)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/44ae49dfc6ab4d21 (Ben Kovitz)

Unreadable requirements
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/3bfb59cd97f5481c (Ben Kovitz)

Specifications
http://www.w3.org/1999/09/specification.html (Tim Berners-Lee)
http://www.cs.york.ac.uk/hise/safety-critical-archive/2000/0113.html (Pete Fenelon)
http://rfc.sunsite.dk/rfc/rfc4101.html (Eric Rescorla)
http://www.ussg.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.3/1441.html, also 0510.0/0575.html (Linus Torvalds)

Design notations (remarks here on UML apply as well to other notations)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/9e0af967adb4d9fc (John Burton)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/e8d4e0868c7de74b (Graham Perkins)

Design examples (how well do these follow other recommendations linked here?)
http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/cacm.html
http://subversion.tigris.org/design.html

Code vs. comments, see especially dissenting remarks number 7, 24, 26 further down page
http://blog.wecreate.com/articles/10-rules-to-code-by/#rule7

Collaboration, version control, content vs. cosmetics
(some of us today are happily using emacs, LaTeX, and svn)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/bd580fddbbd0ced0 (Thomas N. Mackey)
http://ask.metafilter.com/85456/Software-for-long-documents (many contributors)

Literate programming, advocacy and disenchantment
http://www.literateprogramming.com
http://airfoyle.blogspot.com/2006/05/anti-literacy-program.html

Open source

(See also
Linux)

How to contribute to an open source project
http://ask.metafilter.com/219033/open-source-project-newb-seeks-advice

Open source development
http://www.onlamp.com/lpt/a/4414
http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=89637&cid=7751550
http://linux.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/05/06/2215209&tid=106
http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=181323&cid=14999346
http://it.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=208004&cid=16961440

Free and open source philosophy, advocacy and licensing
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/philosophy.html, also free-sw.html, categories.html, license-list.html
http://www.opensource.org/index.php

Early history of FSF and GNU recalled by a participant
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1474941

Motivation, pride, and craft
"Open Source is not just about "working", it's about being modifiable by the end user."
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8282621

Open source and peer review
(Search for paragraph with "Linux" in first line, about a third of the way down)
http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre/notes/99-3-14.html

The Architecture of Open Source Applications
http://www.aosabook.org/en/

Teaching and learning

(See also in math and education)

Teaching yourself (comments on computing and math apply to other subjects also)
http://www.norvig.com/21-days.html (Peter Norvig)
http://ask.metafilter.com/224599/Becoming-an-awesome-programmer#3248957 (Ookseer)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=590523 (ojbyrne)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2262527 (jrookie and many contributors)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=135588 (christo, not just about Javascript)
http://ask.metafilter.com/83941/I-need-skillz#1243079 (fstutzman, not just about PHP)
http://ask.metafilter.com/90840/Hope-me-learn-teh-internets, this: #1333384 (pjern and many contributors)
http://ask.metafilter.com/91364/Help-me-Im-a-late-adopter (Zarkonnen and many contributors)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=149625, also item?id=149597, also item?id=149495 (Internet starter projects)
http://ask.metafilter.com/124165/Web-development-big-picture-for-a-nonweb-programmer#1774648 (DIY web server, ambitious project)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2030288 (web frameworks)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.os.vxworks/msg/95541464e16f454a?hl=en (Dave Korn)
http://www.mikeash.com/getting_answers.html (Michael Ash)
http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html (Eric Raymond and Rick Moen)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/b902e4be35a7511f?hl=en& (Chris Hillman)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/7d9f7b28941bdd38?hl=en (Randy Poe)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.ai/msg/62d60e2cbb82188b?hl=en& (Drew McDermott)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=380251 (mechanical_fish)
http://sites.google.com/site/yacoset/Home/signs-that-you-re-a-bad-programmer (yacoset)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/702b4a873a73cef0?hl=en (Ron Bloom)

Teaching novices
http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre/how-to-help.html (Phil Agre)
http://ask.metafilter.com/91892/How-do-I-give-an-interesting-crash-course-on-web-design#1346567 (SuperSquirrel and others, not just about web design)
http://academic.evergreen.edu/curricular/fofc00/learned.html (Jon Jacky 1)
http://academic.evergreen.edu/curricular/dsa01/index.html#learned (Jon Jacky 2)
http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall07/cos109/summary07.html (Brian Kernighan)
http://www.google.com/groups?as_umsgid=5ethtf$enk$1@goanna.cs.rmit.edu.au (Richard O'Keefe 1)
http://www.google.com/groups?as_umsgid=35872289.495F@atlas.otago.ac.nz (Richard O'Keefe 2, especially after still struggling ...)
http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=163926&cid=13690884 (Doc Ruby)
http://www.smeed.org/1735 (Joseph Weizenbaum, especially paragraph beginning It happens ...)

Teaching and careers
http://ask.metafilter.com/97375/If-it-looks-and-quacks-like-a-CS-Degree-then-is-it-a-genuine-enough-CS-Degree#1418994, #1419105 (Isemel, twiggy)
http://ask.metafilter.com/127753/Advice-on-Someone-Interested-in-a-Programming-Career#1825736 (Netzapper)
http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=PEREIRA.94Aug19223002%40alta.research.att.com (Fernando Pereira 1)
http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=PEREIRA.94Aug20221132%40alta.research.att.com (Fernando Pereira 2)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.java.programmer/msg/f6f19f71c31da7c4?hl=en (Joe Seigh)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/6d90d578731d723f (Amanda Giarla)
http://www.google.com/groups?selm=EJH.95Jul27085446%40larry.gsfc.nasa.gov (Edward Hartnett)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.functional/msg/eb43be54ded8a9d9 (Jeff Dalton)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.c++/msg/3ca2249ffaf2bb70 (Michael Hann)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software.testing/msg/384377f6b5f54807?hl=en (Kevin Cline)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.functional/msg/2297a52a9c48f0f9?hl=en (Jeffrey B. Siegal)
http://ask.metafilter.com/99348/Engineering-Skills, for example #1445725, etc. (gzimmer, scruss and many contributors)

Teaching agony and ecstasy (see also in math)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/ea3e4716b69a5e7d?hl=en (David Ashley)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/27b30f940ef61820?hl=en (Robert Strandh)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/7d9f7b28941bdd38?hl=en (Randy Poe)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/e406777e604fdd70?hl=en (labuser)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.physics/msg/820238666fee16de?hl=en (Clack and Myers, via Jacky)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/05674247de4cdc81?hl=en (Allan Adler 1)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/a1b19c906dcb2f6e (Allan Adler 2)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/ea5f87aac754c810 (Dave Rusin)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.bio/msg/b82a8c9e2e2c8bdf?hl=en (john baez)

Computer science courses at universities

(see also other
university courses)

SICP, possibly the best computer science textbook ever: full text, video lectures, worked exercises
http://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp/full-text/book/book.html
http://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/classes/6.001/abelson-sussman-lectures/
http://sicp.org.ua/sicp
http://www.codepoetics.com/wiki/index.php?title=Topics:SICP_in_other_languages
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=714432
http://programming-musings.org/2009/12/29/sicp-distilled/
http://www.amazon.com/review/R403HR4VL71K8/ref=cm_cr_rdp_perm (Peter Norvig review)
www.cs.kent.ac.uk/people/staff/dat/miranda/wadler87.pdf (Phil Wadler critique, Scheme vs. Miranda)
https://github.com/sarabander/sicp-pdf (high-quality pdf for download)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4294265 (links to ebook and other formats)

SICP at universities recently
http://www.codequarterly.com/2011/hal-abelson/ (dropped at MIT)
  links in HN: http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3482442
http://web.mit.edu/alexmv/6.S184/ (partial revival at MIT)
  comments in HN: http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3482117
http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~bh/61a.html, also proglang.html (Berkeley)
  comments in HN: http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2844460
http://www-inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs61a/sp12/ (Berkeley, now in Python)
  comments in HN: http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3491142

Why SICP matters, retrospective by Brian Harvey (2011)
http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~bh/sicp.html
  comments in HN: http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4784827

Computer Systems: a Programmer's Perspective, course and textbook from CMU
http://csapp.cs.cmu.edu/, textbook: public/samples.html, rationale: papers.html

Elements of Computing Systems, build a computer system from first principles in one semester
http://www.nand2tetris.org/, papers.php
also http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHty1KKjaZw

Lectures on Scheme and functional programming (videos)
http://programming-musings.org/2009/12/23/scheme-lectures-mostly/ (jao)

Computer Science introduction and survey with Python at MIT, 24 videos
http://academicearth.org/lectures/intro-to-comp-sci-goals

Design of Computer Programs, in Python, by Peter Norvig, notes and code
http://www.udacity.com/wiki/CS212?course=cs212

Algorithms course at MIT: summary, individual lectures, handwritten notes
http://www.catonmat.net/blog/summary-of-mit-introduction-to-algorithms/, for example mit-introduction-to-algorithms-part-eleven/ with mit-algorithms-lecture-16-01.jpg

Math for computer science course at MIT
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-042j-mathematics-for-computer-science-spring-2005/lecture-notes/

Computer systems courses at MIT with links to many classic papers
http://web.mit.edu/6.826/www/notes/ (Lampson and Jackson, 2004)
http://mit.edu/6.033/www/schedule.shtml (Kaashoek and Zeldovich, 2012)

Introductory CS course emphasizing functional programming at CMU
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~15150/
http://reports-archive.adm.cs.cmu.edu/anon/2010/CMU-CS-10-140.pdf
http://existentialtype.wordpress.com/, 2011/03/15/teaching-fp-to-freshmen/

Brian Kernighan's introduction to computing at Princeton with many interesting links
http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall07/cos109/, also summary07.html

UW computer science course web pages
http://www.cs.washington.edu/education/course-webs.html

Cambridge University computer science course web pages
(pages for years before 2002-2003 have much more material)
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Teaching/

Ars Digita University, MIT-like CS curriculum with free tuition, now defunct but course materials still available
http://www.aduni.org/, also ~tomh/rants/aduni_five_years_later.html

Computer science research talks

UW computer science colloquia (Windows Media Player, a few RealPlayer)
http://norfolk.cs.washington.edu/htbin-post/unrestricted/colloq/search.cgi
http://norfolk.cs.washington.edu/htbin-post/unrestricted/mmedia/ondemand_colloq.cgi

Research Channel, video archive of research talks from all over (Windows Media Player, etc.)
http://www.researchchannel.org/program/inst.asp, also program/displayseries.asp?collid=485, etc.

Careers and lives

(See also learning and coping)

How to be a programmer
http://samizdat.mines.edu/howto/

Little nybbles of development wisdom
http://www.cs.usfca.edu/~parrt/doc/devnybbles.html

Interviewing
http://steve.yegge.googlepages.com/five-essential-phone-screen-questions, also
what-you-need-to-know, and other pages at blog-rants

Paul Graham's essays: startups, career advice
http://www.paulgraham.com/articles.html

Close to the Machine, a memoir by a software engineer
http://www.stayfreemagazine.org/archives/15/ellen.html

Contrasting career paths
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=488566 (gaius)
http://ask.metafilter.com/128636/Project-manager-Technical-lead-Code-monkey#1838993 (ch1x0r)

Confronting and overcoming discouragement
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2262527

Programming ability and experience
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=590523 (ojbyrne)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/24446ff480261fe7?hl=en (Ralph Cook)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/6d90d578731d723f (Amanda Giarla)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/8210be51c46503b4 (Tim McDermott)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=334436 (biohacker)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.c++/msg/f8758f5cae478eb5 (David Chase)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/411e31dfff265d5f (Jim Nusbaum)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/5998457425d5cd59?hl=en& (David Kastrup)
http://sites.google.com/site/yacoset/Home/signs-that-you-re-a-bad-programmer (yacoset)
http://linuxmafia.com/faq/Kernel/linus-im-a-bastard-speech.html (Linus Torvalds)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.java.programmer/msg/f6f19f71c31da7c4?hl=en (Joe Seigh)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/b83b6303df4371f0 (Jay)
http://thedailywtf.com/ (many contributors)

Superprogrammers
http://programmers.stackexchange.com/questions/47197/are-there-any-famous-one-man-army-programmers
http://www.softwarequalityconnection.com/2011/03/fabrice-bellard-portrait-of-a-superproductive-programmer/
recently   http://bellard.org/jslinux/tech.html
via   http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2555349
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7655791

Rent a Coder (I'm not recommending this!)
http://www.rentacoder.com/

Humor
http://www.ee.ryerson.ca:8080/~elf/hack/academic.html

Literature and writing

(See also
documentation, design)

Origins and precursors, 1936 - 1982: Turing, Von Neumann, Shannon, etc.
http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~christos/classics/cs298.html

Some classic papers, 1968 - 1984: Dijkstra, Codd, Parnas, etc. (removed now!? boo! hiss!)
http://www.acm.org/classics/previous.html

Great works in programming languages, 1940 -- 1999
http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/courses/670Fall04/GreatWorksInPL.shtml
some with links, scroll down: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5872043

Algorithms from the book
http://cstheory.stackexchange.com/questions/189/algorithms-from-the-book?

Recent papers by Google scientists
http://research.google.com/pubs/papers.html

CiteSeer, richly annotated index to computer science literature
http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/, also citeseer.html. Example: harel87statecharts.html

Citeseer, most cited papers, also most cited in each topic
http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/source.html, also directory.html

DBLP, searchable computer science bibliography, 740K+ BibTeX entries
http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/index.html
http://dblp.mpi-inf.mpg.de/dblp/index.php (nice GUI to same)

Disappearing computer science literature (Jerry Leichter)
http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks/20.15.html#subj9

Experiments (or lack thereof) in computer science
http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/56429.html

Automatic computer science paper generator
http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/scigen/

Literate programming, documentation, coding standards, metrics (papers and links)
http://www.literateprogramming.com

Literate programming disenchantment
http://airfoyle.blogspot.com/2006/05/anti-literacy-program.html

Writing about programming: reviews and criticism
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/1ae7c4b7af0603ff?hl=en (RC)
http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=163926&cid=13690884 (Doc Ruby)
http://books.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=139697&cid=11693066 (renderhead)
http://ask.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=216482&cid=17568646 (larry bagina)

Writing about programming: advice, how-to's (pertinent to other subjects also)
http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/shivers/diss-advice.html
http://www.paulgraham.com/writing44.html
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/orwell46.htm
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/85a97ceeb1f62c33?hl=en&

History

(See also literature, computer architecture)

Paul Ceruzzi: A History of Modern Computing, especially good on the 1950s, 60s, and 70s:
  mainframes, minicomputers, and the origins of personal computers and the Internet.
http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/history-modern-computing
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7952722

History of Computing course at UW, lectures by Gordon Bell, Butler Lampson, Steve Wozniak, and others (2006)
http://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/csep590a/06au/, slides, videos: alectures/, readings: References.htm

History of Computing references and links suggested by HN readers
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9844090

"Wheel of Reincarnation" in computing history, first observed by Myer and Sutherland (1963)
http://cva.stanford.edu/classes/cs99s/papers/myer-sutherland-design-of-display-processors.pdf

Bitsavers, vast archive of manuals and software from old computers
http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/
ibm 360 ibm/360/princOps/A22-6821-0_360PrincOps.pdf
  ibm/360/referenceCard/GX20-1703-9_System360_Reference_Data_2up.pdf
pdp 8 dec/pdp8/handbooks/SmallComputerHandbook_67-68.pdf
alto xerox/parc/techReports/CSL-79-11_Alto_A_Personal_Computer.pdf
apple ii apple/apple_II/Apple%5d%5bRefJan78.pdf
and many many more ...

Most important software innovations, 1837 --
http://www.dwheeler.com/innovation/innovation.html#innovations

A Golden Age? 1964 -- 1974
http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/2059

Significant new inventions in computing since 1980
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/432922/significant-new-inventions-in-computing-since-1980

AI: two critical histories, and some shorter observations
http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre/critical.html (Phil Agre)
http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/brooks/papers/AIM-1293.pdf, also .ps.Z (Rodney Brooks)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.ai.philosophy/msg/284089774ea2ffb7?hl=en& (Jorn Barger)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.ai/msg/0dd83e629745e109?hl=en& (Bill Park)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.ai/msg/35405be44d24aeeb (Drew McDermott)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=185348 (John McCarthy (in 2008!) via mgummelt, and many contributors)

Lisp history
http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/history/lisp/lisp.html (John McCarthy 1979, early days)
http://blog.fogus.me/2011/11/03/in-the-shadow-of-john-mccarthy/ (Michael Fogus 2011, other early contributors)
http://dreamsongs.com/Files/Hopl2.pdf (Steele and Gabriel, 1992)

Lisp machines, other language-based machines and OS: Smalltalk, etc.
https://github.com/jon-jacky/Piety/blob/master/doc/precursors.md

Lisp 50th birthday celebration
http://www.lisp50.org/schedule/schedule/mccarthy.html
http://www.mcjones.org/dustydecks/archives/2008/07/04/70/

John McCarthy: writings, also photos and biography
http://themagiclab.org/projectjmc

Gordon Bell: personal cybermuseum, books on architecture of classic computers
http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/, CyberMuseumPubs.htm
  Computer_Structures_Principles_and_Examples, Computer_Engineering

Butler Lampson: hardware, software, systems: 1960s - 2000s
http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/blampson/, Publications.html, Systems.html

Systems Past, software innovations of the 1950s and 60s
http://davidad.github.io/blog/2014/03/12/the-operating-system-is-out-of-date/

The first operating system (possibly), for IBM 704 in 1956
"early operating systems ... were designed and implemented by the user community..."
http://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/os/gm.html
don't miss http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/papers/2008/P7316.pdf

The Evolution of Operating Systems by Per Brinch Hansen, 24 examples, 91 references, 2000
http://brinch-hansen.net/papers/2001b.pdf
detailed reponse https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10325535

Univac, Bible concordance project, 1955 (don't miss wonderful photos)
http://mashable.com/2015/09/27/univac-bible/#UcmBZsV9ikqV

LGP-30, small computer that made ingenious use of technology available in 1956
(compare to its much larger contemporary, Univac, above)
Only 16 instructions, rotating magnetic drum provided all memory including registers.
Oscilloscope in control panel showed register contents as they rolled by the read heads.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGP-30
http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/royalPrecision/LGP-30/
http://people.csail.mit.edu/garland/publications/Reprints/1959-LGP-30_Manual.pdf
http://www.thesteamboatingforum.net/computers/gallery/LGP_30/index.html (photos of insides)
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=5221555 (design details)
http://people.csail.mit.edu/garland/publications/Abstracts/1964-Dartmouth_Algol.html#CCM-8B
http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~smillie/Jpage/Jpage.html (simulator and sample programs, scroll down about 70%)
http://mailman.trailing-edge.com/pipermail/simh/2010-June/010797.html (another simulator with sample programs)

IBM 1401 restoration, many links and photos on computing in the early 1960s
http://www.ibm-1401.info/, IBM1401_ArchivePics/1401_Production_Pics/IBM1401_Manufacturing_Landscape_1960.jpg, RobertPan-.jpg
also http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/hardware/rebuilding-the-ibm-1401, don't miss slideshow

IBM 1401 architecture, programming, operations, and economics -- very strange to modern eyes
http://www.righto.com/2015/03/a-database-of-sms-cards-technology.html (hardware)
http://www.righto.com/2015/03/12-minute-mandelbrot-fractals-on-50.html (software)
http://www.righto.com/2015/05/bitcoin-mining-on-55-year-old-ibm-1401.html (assembly code, front panel video)
http://www.righto.com/2015/08/examining-core-memory-module-inside.html (magnetic core memory)
more info, links on HN https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10143700

IBM 1401 FORTRAN compiler, 63 passes, compiler, source, and object together in 8K
http://ibm-1401.info/1401-IBM-Systems-Journal-FORTRAN.html (explanation)
http://ibm-1401.info/1401-FORTRAN-Illustrated.html (compiler source code)

Computing at MIT in the 1960s: project MAC, CTSS, and Multics vs. AI Lab and ITS
http://web.mit.edu/6.933/www/Fall2001/AILab.pdf

DTSS, Dartmouth Time-Sharing System, the original BASIC platform, 1964
http://dtss.dartmouth.edu/, especially history.php, don't miss sciencearticle/pages/page02.html
http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dartmouth/BASIC_Oct64.pdf

Multics operating system, 1963 - 2000: papers, stories, myths, and more
http://www.multicians.org/, papers.html, multics-stories.html, myths.html

MTS and other early time-sharing operating systems on IBM mainframes, 1966 --
http://archive.michigan-terminal-system.org/myths
http://www.multicians.org/thvv/360-67.html
http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~stjones/proj/vm_reading/ibmrd2505M.pdf
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10101689
https://1a9f2076-a-62cb3a1a-s-sites.googlegroups.com/site/michiganterminalsystem/documentation/documents/IBM360-67RefCard.pdf?...
IBM 360/67 photos http://history.cs.ncl.ac.uk/anniversaries/40th/images/ibm360_672/index.html
especially CPU insides slide07.jpg, slide24.jpg, 21.jpg, slide06.jpg

IBM mainframes, 1952 -- 2010
http://www.vm.ibm.com/devpages/jelliott/pdfs/zhistory.pdf

Brett Victor: "The Future of Programming", innovations of the 60s and 70s
http://worrydream.com/dbx/

Alan Kay: origins and very early history of object-oriented programming
http://www.purl.org/stefan_ram/pub/doc_kay_oop_en

Alan Kay: ARPA/PARC heyday recalled and analyzed, with pictures and bibliography
http://www.vpri.org/pdf/m2004001_power.pdf

Alan Kay, Dan Ingalls et al. contributions, recalled and assessed
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4229788, 4228324, 9591805

M. Mitchell Waldrop: The Dream Machine, ARPA, PARC and much more, recommended by Alan Kay
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8419701

Spacewar, Stewart Brand's 1972 Rolling Stone article on hackers, SAIL, PARC, ARPA
http://www.wheels.org/spacewar/stone/rolling_stone.html

Jaron Lanier: memories of California hackers in the 70's (including Ted Nelson, see below)
http://www.newstatesman.com/scitech/2011/08/silicon-valley-computer

Patrick S. Farley: memories of California cyberculture in the 90's
http://electricsheepcomix.com/almostguy/

Personal computers and precursors 1950 -- 1981
http://www.blinkenlights.com/pc.shtml

Steve Wozniak: interview about early experience, Homebrew Computer Club, founding Apple
http://www.foundersatwork.com/steve-wozniak.html

Richard Cini: archive of early microcomputers: newsletters, articles, manuals from the 1970s and early 80s
http://www.classiccmp.org/cini/mags.htm, also systems.htm

Ted Nelson: curmudgeon's history of computing
http://geeks-bearing-gifts.com/gbgContents.html

Dennis Ritchie: Unix and C history and memorabilia
http://plan9.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/, also picture.html, also primevalC.html

Alan Turing: his life, work, death, and biographers
http://www.newyorker.com/printables/critics/060206crbo_books

Portraits of programming language designers, others
http://www.angelfire.com/tx4/cus/people/
http://www.codethinked.com/post/2007/12/The-Programmer-Dress-Code.aspx, also ---Part-Deux.aspx

Programming languages birthplaces
http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF&msa=0&msid=117404454311069720041.000450acfaf9cdd44c4f7

Niklaus Wirth: history of "good ideas that turned out to be less than brilliant"
http://www.cs.inf.ethz.ch/~wirth/Articles/GoodIdeas_origFig.pdf

The end of history?
http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/2059
http://www.cs.bell-labs.com/who/rob/utah2000.pdf
  html at http://doc.cat-v.org/bell_labs/utah2000/
http://www.nicholasgcarr.com/articles/matter.html
http://www2.computer.org/cms/Computer.org/ComputingNow/homepage/2009/0709/rW_SO_Viewpoints.pdf

Fallen heroes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Kelly-Bootle (Stan Kelly-Bootle, April 2014)
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/04/technology/douglas-c-engelbart-inventor-of-the-computer-mouse-dies-at-88.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0&pagewanted=print (Doug Engelbart, July 2013)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5986307
http://www.metafilter.com/129674/Doug-Engelbart-has-died
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/13/technology/aaron-swartz-internet-activist-dies-at-26.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0&pagewanted=print (Aaron Swartz, January 2013)
http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2013/jan/13/aaron-swartz?INTCMP=SRCH
http://blogs.nature.com/news/2013/01/us-justice-system-overreach-blamed-in-suicide-of-internet-freedom-activist.html
http://www.economist.com/node/21536536/print (Dennis Ritchie and John McCarthy, dual obituary, November 2011)
http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-me-john-mccarthy-20111027,0,2083488,print.story (John McCarthy, October 2011)
http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/
http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/2063/2057
http://blog.fogus.me/2011/11/03/in-the-shadow-of-john-mccarthy/ (don't miss comments at the end)
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/14/technology/dennis-ritchie-programming-trailblazer-dies-at-70.html?_r=1&pagewanted=print (Dennis Ritchie, October 2011)
http://plan9.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/
https://plus.google.com/u/0/101960720994009339267/posts/33mmANQZDtY
http://www.edmundjorgensen.com/2011/11/09/sonnet-for-dennis-ritchie.html
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/12/22/magazine/the-lives-they-lived.html#view=dennis_ritchie
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2835694 (Daniel D. McCracken, July 2011)
http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/obituaries/articles/2011/05/22/tom_west_engineer_was_the_soul_of_data_generals_new_machine/?page=full (Tom West, May 2011)
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/28/technology/28baran.html?pagewanted=print (Paul Baran, March 2011)
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/08/technology/business-computing/08olsen.html?pagewanted=print (Ken Olsen, February 2011)
http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_17329190?nclick_check=1
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2191566
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/robin-milner-pioneering-computer-scientist-1943933.html (Robin Milner, March 2010)
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/13/world/europe/13weizenbaum.html?_r=1&ei=5088&en=5447353fdbef1959&ex=1363147200&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&pagewanted=print&oref=slogin (Joseph Weizenbaum, March 2008)
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/19/obituaries/20cnd-backus.html?ei=5124&en=adde3ee5a1875330&ex=1332043200&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink&pagewanted=print (John Backus, March 2007)
http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2003/4/25/85724/7216 (Ted Codd, April 2003)
http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/, also indexBibTeX.html (Edsger Dijkstra, August 2002)
http://homepages.cwi.nl/~apt/ps/dijkstra.pdf
http://www.catonmat.net/blog/edsger-dijkstra-discipline-in-thought/ (video interview, pointful comment by fuffz)
http://www.ifi.uio.no/in_memoriam_kristen/ (Kristen Nygard, August 2002)
http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~uno/papers/floyd.ps.gz (Bob Floyd, 2001, eulogy by Donald Knuth)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/msg/ca1a9a940370b08e (Alonzo Church, August 1995)
http://www.princeton.edu/~mudd/finding_aids/mathoral/pmcxrota.htm (memories of Church, scroll down)


Internet technology, history, and milieu

Buzz, architecture, governance, core technologies, newer technologies, search, applications, projects, history, see also security

Buzz

Tim Bray: blog
http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/

Nelson Minar: links (hover pointer over each link to see comment)
http://www.somebits.com/weblog/, for example culture/blogs/my-most-linked-posts.html
also https://pinboard.in/u:nelson same links, different view
also http://www.somebits.com/weblog/tech/blosxom/linkblog/linkblog-2014-setup.html explanation

Maciej Ceglowski
http://idlewords.com/talks/ talks, don't miss!
also http://idlewords.com/ and about.htm, personal blog and bio (with pronounciation)
also https://blog.pinboard.in/ Pinboard blog
more about Pinboard in Internet projects

Architecture

(See also layering and software design)

Architectural principles of the Internet, and some recent changes
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1958.txt, also rfc/rfc3439.txt, rfc/rfc3724.txt

Teaching network architecture through case studies, reviews classic papers on the Internet and alternatives
http://named-data.net/publications/main/

GNUnet: clean-slate alternative to the Internet, motivated by privacy and decentralization
https://gnunet.org/, overview strint2014gnunet

Networking named content, well thought-out alternative to TCP/IP (2009)
http://www.parc.com/content/attachments/networking-named-content-CACM.pdf

CCN-lite, lightweight implementation of Content Centric Networking (link immediately above)
http://www.ccn-lite.net/

Internet standards: RFCs etc. by number, also by category, various formats
http://www.rfc-editor.org/
http://rfc.sunsite.dk/main.html
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/, also rfcs/np.html
http://pretty-rfc.herokuapp.com/

RFC writing
http://www.cs.york.ac.uk/hise/safety-critical-archive/2000/0113.html
http://rfc.sunsite.dk/rfc/rfc4101.html

Governance

Who runs the Internet?
http://www.acm.org/ubiquity/views/v6i5_simoneli.html
http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=141282&cid=11837663, also cid=11837336, cid=11838143

Tussle in cyberspace
http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigcomm/sigcomm2002/papers/tussle.pdf

Core technologies

Layering, from course notes by Phil Agre (in first three paragraphs only)
http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre/240/week5.html

Stack of specifications (layering again), from a talk by Tim Berners-Lee
http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Stack

TCP/IP Tutorial, RFC 1180 (1991)
http://tools.ietf.org/pdf/rfc1180.pdf

IP, from a book by Eric Hall
http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/coreprot/chapter/ch02.html

TCP, in a paper by Jingjing Lu and Yuxiang Zhu
http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~chechik/courses99/csc2108/projects/8.pdf

TCP/IP and HTTP protocol sequence diagrams, etc.
http://www.eventhelix.com/realtimemantra/networking/

TCP Implementation in Linux: A Brief Tutorial
http://www.ece.virginia.edu/cheetah/documents/papers/TCPlinux.pdf

Network data flow through the Linux kernel
http://www.linuxfoundation.org/images/1/1c/Network_data_flow_through_kernel.png

TCP/IP in Python experiment, HN comments with more experiences, advice, and other implementations
http://jvns.ca/blog/2014/08/12/what-happens-if-you-write-a-tcp-stack-in-python/
HN: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8167546

Small Forth implementation of TCP/IP, Ethernet, ARP, UDP, DHCP, NTP, DNS (scroll down)
http://www.excamera.com/sphinx/fpga-j1.html, IP protocol ip.fs.html, etc.

Full TCP/IP for 8-Bit Architectures
http://dunkels.com/adam/publications-abstracts.html#dunkels03full

TCP/IP for ucontrollers, advice and discussion on minimal implementations
https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/comp.realtime/Bnbgdw5yyBc/EFlpOp0IfWYJ

Well-known TCP and UDP ports
http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=106439
http://www.iss.net/security_center/advice/Exploits/Ports/default.htm

HTTP, from a book by Clinton Wong
http://www.oreilly.com/openbook/webclient/ch02.html

Thirty minute web server by Wilhelm Fizpatrick
http://www.seapig.org/ThirtyMinuteWebServer

HTTP headers and status codes, a diagram by Alan Dean
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Http-headers-status.svg

HTTPTracer, displays HTTP traffic between your browser and any server
http://simile.mit.edu/httptracer/

Tim Craven's course notes: brief coverage of many topics with lots of links
http://525.fims.uwo.ca/~craven/

Newer technologies

(See also web page design and technology)

Very short but enlightening explanation of many web technologies, then a warning and a mea culpa
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=487992, but also 538263
http://ask.metafilter.com/90840/Hope-me-learn-teh-internets#1333384

Another short explanation
http://ask.metafilter.com/124165/Web-development-big-picture-for-a-nonweb-programmer#1774648

Another explanation, how it got that way
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9673088

Comprehensive tutorial for novices: web, command line, Python, Django, git, hosting, deployment ...
http://tutorial.djangogirls.org/en/

DOM, Document Object Model, how it relates to HTML, CSS, Javascript
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9791882

Web servers and HTTP
http://ask.metafilter.com/141950/What-do-I-really-need-to-know-about-Apache#2031793, etc.

John Osterhout's course on web applications (Stanford, Fall 2010)
http://www.stanford.edu/~ouster/cgi-bin/cs142-fall10/lectures.php, also projects.php

Courses on Internet Programming in Python (UW, Winter 2011 and 2012)
http://briandorsey.info/uwpython/#schedule (Brian Dorsey, 2011)
http://jon-jacky.github.com/uw_python/winter_2012/index.html#schedule (Jon Jacky, 2012)

Flatiron school: studies to prepare for web applications course (2012)
http://prework.flatironschool.com/

Browsers: primer on the internal operations of WebKit and Gecko
http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/internals/howbrowserswork/

WebKit for Developers
http://paulirish.com/2013/webkit-for-developers/

Toy browser engine in Rust, links to other small browser projects
http://limpet.net/mbrubeck/2014/08/08/toy-layout-engine-1.html
also https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8175680

Chrome browser explained in a comic book by Scott McCloud, some background
http://blogoscoped.com/google-chrome/
http://www.niallkennedy.com/blog/2008/09/google-chrome.html

Chrome binary size, contributions of each component shown in treemap visualization
http://neugierig.org/software/chromium/bloat/
also http://neugierig.org/software/chromium/notes/2010/11/tree-maps.html

Mozilla developer center: browsers, plugins, related technologies
http://developer.mozilla.org/

Turn your browser into a notepad with one line, using data: uri
https://coderwall.com/p/lhsrcq
much more http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5135194

Excel-like spreadsheet app in less than 30 lines of JavaScript, no library used
http://jsfiddle.net/ondras/hYfN3/
also https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6725387

Node
http://eloquentjavascript.net/20_node.html (Node, 2014)
also https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6519840

"Radically refactoring the web", new approach to web applications (2013)
http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/embassies/

Once-new technologies

XHTML, advocacy and caveats
http://www.peej.co.uk/articles/xhtml.html
http://www.webdevout.net/articles/beware-of-xhtml

A Brief History of Markup: W3C, HTML 4 and XHTML, WHATWG, HTML 5 (2012)
http://www.alistapart.com/articles/a-brief-history-of-markup/

RSS
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/help/3223484.stm
http://www.paulstamatiou.com/2005/11/13/how-to-getting-started-with-rss/
http://paininthetech.com/rss_feeds_from_scratch?pageNo=ALL
http://www.onfocus.com/2006/03/3789

BitTorrent
http://blog.commonbits.org/2005/05/how_to_start_us.html

Ajax (aka Remote Scripting)
http://www.adaptivepath.com/publications/essays/archives/000385print.php
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=php-general&m=112198633625636&w=2
http://developer.apple.com/internet/webcontent/iframe.html

Web development frameworks (some advice quickly becomes dated)
http://www.macdevcenter.com/lpt/a/6313 (TurboGears, Python, 2005)
http://www.artima.com/forums/flat.jsp?forum=106&thread=146149 (various, Python, 2006)
http://blog.lostlake.org/index.php?/archives/16-Web-Framework-Manifesto.html (various, 2006)
http://it.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=212684&cid=17310692 (various, 2006)
http://blog.wecreate.com/articles/10-rules-to-code-by/#rule4, also #rule7, and comments 7, 24, 26 (various, 2007)
http://ask.metafilter.com/104298/What-should-I-learn-in-order-to-do-web-development (various, 2008)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=217394, also 217264, 216879 (various, Rails, PHP, 2008)
http://ask.metafilter.com/124165/Web-development-big-picture-for-a-nonweb-programmer (various, 2009)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=724166 (frameworks vs DIY, 2009)
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1515324/history-of-djangos-popularity (Django, 2009)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2030288 (DIY 2010)
http://pythonpaste.org/webob/do-it-yourself.html (DIY Python, 2010)
http://www.slideshare.net/r1chardj0n3s/web-microframework-battle (Python, Aug 2011)
http://pyrseas.wordpress.com/2011/12/26/python-web-frameworks-candidates/ (Python, Dec 2011)
http://nancyfx.org/# (.NET, 2011)
https://github.com/codeforamerica/skillshares/tree/master/flask (Flask + Python, May 2012)
http://programmers.stackexchange.com/questions/102090/why-isnt-java-used-for-modern-web-application-development
also http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4090298 (Java, various, Aug 2011 - Jun 2012)
http://tutorial.djangogirls.org/en/ (Django + Python, 2014)

Social bookmarks, tags, folksonomy
http://del.icio.us/, also tag/, help/, joshua/
http://www.beelerspace.com/index.php?p=890
http://www.benbishop.me.uk/web/how-to-delicious-intro/
http://www.quickonlinetips.com/archives/2005/02/absolutely-delicious-complete-tools-collection/
http://www.slackermanager.com/slacker_manager/2005/12/the_several_hab.html
http://www.metabang.com/unclog/publisha/atinybit.html
http://simon.incutio.com/notes/2006/summit/schachter.txt
http://metatalk.metafilter.com/14655/delicious-profiles
See also Pinboard in Projects

Mashups and web APIs
http://www.programmableweb.com/mashups, also howto, apis, reference
http://wiki.northernvoice.ca/Mashups%20for%20Non-Programmers

Semantic web: XML, RDF, RSS, OWL etc., from course notes by Phil Agre
http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre/is277.html

Semantic web for web developers (clear, short summary with discussion of RDF vs. XML + SOAP)
http://logicerror.com/semanticWeb-webdev

Simile, semantic web plugins for Firefox (check out projects on right panel)
http://simile.mit.edu/, for example solvent/, piggy-bank/, piggy-bank/developers.html, welkin/, etc.

Semantic web: RDF sample data and command line tools, explanations and demos
http://blog.datagraph.org/2010/03/grepping-ntriples, also 04/transmuting-ntriples.html

Semantic web in haiku
http://infomesh.net/2002/swhaiku/, also infomesh.net

Future of Web Apps Summit (notes from the conference, Feb 2006)
http://simon.incutio.com/archive/2006/02/08/summit, also notes/2006/summit/schachter.txt, notes/2006/summit/carson.txt

Search

See also using search engines

Web crawlers, search engines, data mining, and more from course notes by Dan Weld
http://www.cs.washington.edu/education/courses/490i/02wi/reading.html

How Google works
http://www.googleguide.com/google_works.html

Google design and prototype, original paper by Brin and Page at Stanford in 1998
http://infolab.stanford.edu/~backrub/google.html
http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/brin98anatomy.html

How Google Translate works
http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/features/how-google-translate-works-2353594.html?printService=print

Perspectives on the information industry, a talk by Google CEO Eric Schmidt, May 2005 (abstract, video)
http://norfolk.cs.washington.edu/htbin-post/unrestricted/colloq/details.cgi?id=409

Behind the scenes at Google, a talk by Jeff Dean, October 2004 (abstract, video)
http://norfolk.cs.washington.edu/htbin-post/unrestricted/colloq/details.cgi?id=274

The Google Linux Cluster, a talk by Urs Hoelzle, November 2002 (abstract, video)
http://norfolk.cs.washington.edu/htbin-post/unrestricted/colloq/details.cgi?id=105

MapReduce, a Google Labs paper from 2004 (abstract, also PDF)
http://labs.google.com/papers/mapreduc.html

The Google file system, a paper from 2003 (abstract, also PDF)
http://labs.google.com/papers/gfs.html

... and many other publications by Googlers
http://research.google.com/pubs/papers.html

Google maps, how it works
http://jgwebber.blogspot.com/2005/02/mapping-google.html

Software development at Google
http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=210908&cid=17179706

Applications

Tiny web servers, discussion on minimal TCP/IP
http://www.makezine.com/blog/archive/2006/10/how_to_build_a_web_server_for.html
http://www-ccs.cs.umass.edu/~shri/iPicTech.html
http://groups.google.com/groups?dq=&hl=en&selm=7rdc0q%246mb%241%40mermaid.ucc.gu.uwa.edu.au

Traceroute in Python
http://blog.ksplice.com/2010/07/learning-by-doing-writing-your-own-traceroute-in-8-easy-steps/

VisualRoute, a graphical traceroute (commercial promo, interesting anyway)
http://www.visualware.com/visualroute/livedemo.html

Projects: technology, process, management, politics, and business

(See also programming projects)

Philip Greenspun's pages: education, designing and running a big web site, databases, e-commerce, startups, bustups
http://philip.greenspun.com/teaching/, also internet-application-workbook/, panda/, seia/
http://ccm.redhat.com/asj/
http://openacs.org/about/history
http://www.waxy.org/random/arsdigita/
http://www.aduni.org/, also ~tomh/rants/aduni_five_years_later.html

Recent experiences: Terence Parr (jGuru), Joshua Schachter (de.lic.io.us), Ryan Carson (DropSend), Jacob Kaplan-Moss (6News), Matt Haughey (MetaFilter), Maciej Ceglowski (Pinboard), various
http://www.cs.usfca.edu/~parrt/doc/devnybbles.html
http://ask.slashdot.org/askslashdot/06/12/26/207242.shtml
http://simon.incutio.com/notes/2006/summit/schachter.txt
http://simon.incutio.com/notes/2006/summit/carson.txt
http://www.jacobian.org/writing/2006/nov/08/breaking-news/
http://metatalk.metafilter.com/16577/How-Not-To-Sell-Out (Matt Haughey, MetaFilter)
also   http://metatalk.metafilter.com/19422/Are-You-Interested-in-Business-Opportunities#782894
also   http://a.wholelottanothing.org/2009/07/i-get-by-with-a-little-help-from-94552-friends.html
also   http://metatalk.metafilter.com/20458/Matts-2011-SXSW-Talk
also   https://medium.com/technology-musings/941d15ec96f0
also   http://metatalk.metafilter.com/23245/State-of-MetaFilter
also   http://www.metafilter.com/139305/The-Mother-of-All-Self-Links
also   https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7768519
also   http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/bitwise/2014/05/metafilter_layoffs_why_has_google_forsaken_the_legendary_internet_forum.single.html
also   https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7781743
also   http://delicious.com/mathowie/
http://blog.pinboard.in/2011/07/two_years_of_pinboard/, 2011/09/the_costs_of_bookmarking/, 2012/06/do_it_yourself_bookmarking/ (Maciej Ceglowski, Pinboard)
also   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Vt8zqhHe_c&app=desktop
also   http://www.readwriteweb.com/hack/2011/02/pinboard-creator-maciej-ceglow.php
also   http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/printout/0,29239,2094921_2094923_2094924,00.html
http://ask.metafilter.com/222791/How-is-webbe-formd

Five stages of hosting
http://blog.pinboard.in/2012/01/the_five_stages_of_hosting/
also   http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3526767

How web sites make money
http://ask.metafilter.com/226648/Money-from-Nothing

Y Combinator, seed funding for early-stage startups, advice on technology and business
http://ycombinator.com/about.html, also faq.html, lib.html
http://remembersaurus.com/askhn.html (best of Ask HN by topic, startup advice and more)
http://www.gabrielweinberg.com/startupswiki/Ask_YC_Archive (similar but older)

Project proposals, estimates, and invoices for freelancers and small shops
http://ask.metafilter.com/96536/A-modest-proposal

Starter projects
http://neverreadpassively.blogspot.com/2008/04/hello-world-for-startup-wannabes-like.html
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=149625, also item?id=149597, also item?id=149495
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=151980
http://ask.metafilter.com/124165/Web-development-big-picture-for-a-nonweb-programmer#1774648

Launching a website
http://ask.metafilter.com/113701/Marketing-a-great-website-before-its-copied#1633147, also #1633136, etc.

Wordie, minimal but addictive social networking site
http://wordie.org/, some reactions at words/mentions

Wordnik (formerly Wordie) goes big time
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/01/business/wordniks-online-dictionary-no-arbiters-please.html?_r=1&pagewanted=print

____ will ____ you, an even more minimal site
http://littlegreatideas.com/willyou/

Social networks: collection of features that makes a product "social"
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9789917

Social networks: Facebook = email + home pages w/rss feeds + real names + discovery + ...
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8180633

"Every Unix command eventually becomes an internet service"
grep -> Google, rsync -> Dropbox, ..., finger -> Facebook, ...
https://twitter.com/cdixon/status/505118160811728896

History, assessment, prospects

Brief history of the Internet, by its inventors
http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtml

Tim Berners-Lee: World Wide Web original announcement and web pages (1991)
https://groups.google.com/group/comp.sys.next.announce/browse_thread/thread/6af5808c84a771fc/042c02b1b5992dd3?pli=1
http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html?
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3624513

Tim Berners-Lee: World Wide Web history, architecture, prospects
http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3357073.stm

Internet history timeline
http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/

The decline of Usenet
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9987679

Usenet, updated in real time as it was thirty years ago
http://olduse.net/, also faq/


Security and privacy

NSA, networks, web, applications, programming, media, milieu

NSA

"Pervasive Monitoring Is an Attack" (Internet Engineering Task Force, May 2014)
http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7258.txt
https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/201x/2014/05/13/Pervasive-Monitoring-is-an-Attack

The NSA Revelations All in One Chart (June 30, 2014)
http://projects.propublica.org/nsa-grid/

NSA backdoors: examples of NSA weakening security (Dec 20, 2013)
http://ethanheilman.tumblr.com/post/70646748808/a-brief-history-of-nsa-backdoors

Who's watching you? (Tim Bray, Aug 21 2013)
http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/201x/2013/08/20/FC3-The-Spooks

The NSA is commandeering the Internet (Bruce Schneier, Aug 15 2013)
http://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2013/08/the_nsa_is_comm.html

Timeline of NSA Domestic Spying (updated frequently)
https://www.eff.org/nsa-spying/timeline

Networks

GNUnet: clean-slate alternative to the Internet, motivated by privacy and decentralization
https://gnunet.org/, overview strint2014gnunet

Network security at home, general information about networks
http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/home_networks.html, also advisories/CA-2001-20.html

Top Ten Internet security vulnerabilities (lecture notes in PDF, MP3, updated web page)
http://www.sans.org/audio/sanstop10presentation.pdf, also mp3, top20.htm

Web

Ruby on Rails security guide (2010, web security overview, not just RoR)
http://guides.rubyonrails.org/security.html

John Osterhout's course on web programming and security (Stanford, Winter 2009)
http://crypto.stanford.edu/cs142/, also syllabus.html

Chinese firewall (2008)
http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/print/200803/chinese-firewall

A tangled world wide web of security issues (March 2002, review article, 100+ references)
http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_3/claessens/

Cookies
http://www.ciac.org/ciac/bulletins/i-034.shtml
http://www.cookiecentral.com/faq/
http://www.anu.edu.au/people/Roger.Clarke/II/Cookies.html

Recent evaluation of cookies by one of the inventors (Dec 2006)
http://it.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=212422&cid=17290166

How to block web ads (2000, many browsers now do this automatically)
http://ssmedia.com/Utilities/hosts/
http://www.ecst.csuchico.edu/~atman/spam/adblock.shtml

Cross site scripting, SQL injection (2001)
http://www.peej.co.uk/articles/cross-site-scripting.html, also sql-injection.html

Database security, SQL injection etc., examples in MySQL (2009)
http://substack.net/posts/091662/Hands-On-Database-Security

State-based attacks on web applications (2006)
http://www.ethicalhacker.net/content/view/43/2/

Common security problems in web applications (2006, PHP but probably similar elsewhere)
http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=211706&cid=17234626

Top 10 web hacks of 2006
http://jeremiahgrossman.blogspot.com/2006/12/top-10-web-hacks-of-2006.html

Applications

Security and privacy problems in Microsoft products, some fixes and suggestions
http://www.computerbytesman.com/security/bill1.htm

Programming

Secure programming for Linux and Unix (pertinent to Windows etc. also)
http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Secure-Programs-HOWTO/

The Tao of Windows buffer overflow
http://www.cultdeadcow.com/cDc_files/cDc-351/

"Smashing The Stack For Fun And Profit"
http://www.phrack.org/phrack/49/P49-14

Media

Hacking the Xbox (hardware, crypto, legal issues)
http://hackingthexbox.com/

How to decrypt a DVD, in haiku form
http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/DeCSS/Gallery/decss-haiku.txt, also ~dst/DeCSS/
http://www.loyalty.org/~schoen/haiku.html

Milieu

Ross Anderson's pages, economics of information security, etc.
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/#Research, also ~rja14/econsec.html

Dave Dittrich's page, forensics and much much more
http://staff.washington.edu/dittrich/

Conferences (in Defcon, click on author links to see abstracts and bios)
http://events.ccc.de/congress/2005/fahrplan/speakers.en.html http://www.defcon.org/html/links/defcon-media-archives.html#dc-12-speakers

Spammers and frauds vs. Craigslist: security technology arms race (May 2008)
http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/archives/001123.html

Credit card exposure due to poor programming: legal repercussions, regulations, standards (May 2008)
http://ask.metafilter.com/92773/The-website-got-hacked-What-now

Phrack
http://phrack.com/issues.html

Attitudes about security
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.edu/msg/33118c6a359edea7


Coping with technology

RISKS: forum on risks to the public in computers and related systems
http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks (Peter G. Neumann and contributors)
also http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/30/science/rethinking-the-computer-at-80.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0

How to help someone use a computer
http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre/how-to-help.html (Phil Agre)

How to ask questions, and why so many "stupid" questions are asked
http://www.mikeash.com/getting_answers.html (Michael Ash)
http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html (Eric Raymond and Rick Moen)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=683272 (dkarl)

Rationalizations for bad design
http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks/7.09.html#subj1 (Phil Agre)

Some causes of bad design and implementation (see also traditional engineering)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/f2bcebcdd0326c08 (Andy Dent)

Architectures of control
http://architectures.danlockton.co.uk/, also ?page_id=3 (Dan Lockton, contributors)

Is cost-benefit analysis itself "irrational"?
http://www.cs.york.ac.uk/hise/safety-critical-archive/2000/0390.html (Nancy Leveson)

System administration (see also in projects)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.unix.admin/msg/324f2eb3aea8efb6 (Steve Simmons)
http://groups.google.com/group/alt.folklore.computers/msg/b593d68089c7337f (Paul Evans via David Meyer)
http://ask.metafilter.com/89449/How-do-I-be-better-at-system-administration-and-helpdesk-tasks#1314549, also #1314354, etc. (Skorgu, dg, LolaGeek, many others)
http://ask.metafilter.com/98291/How-does-IT-documenation-work (wabashdw and many contributors)
http://ask.metafilter.com/111250/Document#1600201, also #1600220, #1600595, etc. (spicynuts and many contributors)

IT costs
http://hbr.harvardbusiness.org/2009/03/the-truths-about-it-costs/ar/pr

Staying current (see also careers and learning)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.java.programmer/msg/f6f19f71c31da7c4?hl=en (Joe Seigh)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/6d90d578731d723f (Amanda Giarla)
http://ask.metafilter.com/90840/Hope-me-learn-teh-internets (pjern and many contributors)
http://ask.metafilter.com/91364/Help-me-Im-a-late-adopter (Zarkonnen and many contributors)

Innovation vs. churn
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7947551 (marco1 and many contributors)
https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/201x/2014/07/17/Discouraged-Developer (Tim Bray)
HN comments https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8050418
http://changelog.complete.org/archives/9299-has-modern-linux-lost-its-way-some-thoughts-on-jessie
HN Comments https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9025437

Saving time or wasting it
http://ask.metafilter.com/256583/How-do-I-crack-my-IT-phobia#3729317
http://app.getflowmeter.com/blog/productivity.html
comments https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8573530

Performance and complexity, then and now
"Software gets slower faster than hardware gets faster" -- Wirth's law
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8150394

Unix-hater's handbook
http://research.microsoft.com/~daniel/unix-haters.html (Garfinkel, Weise, Strassmann, et al.)

Code inflation (how Unix true command grew from 0 bytes in 1979 to 22,896 in 2012)
https://www.computer.org/cms/Computer.org/ComputingNow/issues/2015/04/mso2015020010.pdf

Nostalgia and frustration
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=633182
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3075550 OS (Rob Pike on Unix after 197x)
http://www.cs.bell-labs.com/who/rob/utah2000.pdf Research (Rob Pike in 2000, is it still true?)
  html at http://doc.cat-v.org/bell_labs/utah2000/
http://www.metafilter.com/130504/They-didnt-know-what-they-were-doing-so-they-tried-everything#5117150 programming languages (Assembler)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8898864 programming languages (HyperCard)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8978408 programming languages (HyperCard again)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9230176 programming languages (Visual Basic)
https://mail.mozilla.org/pipermail/es-discuss/2015-June/043307.html programming languages (Javascript)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8978491 desktop GUIs (PARC, Oberon, Plan 9)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8499591 web browsers
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9673088 web applications
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7920303 web application stack, etc.

Returning to simplicity
http://lv0.org/ OS
http://suckless.org/ utilities
http://morpheus.2f30.org/ utilities and OS
https://github.com/jon-jacky/Piety/blob/master/doc/precursors.md OS
http://lua-users.org/lists/lua-l/2012-04/msg00331.html programming languages (Lua)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8479785 programming languages (K)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9151833 programming languages (Go)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8573530 desktop GUIs (avoiding distractions)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=217394 web applications (design, testing)
https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/web/SimpleAppEnvironmentMakeup web applications
http://pgbovine.net/teaching-web-programming.htm web applications (teaching)

Aspiring to perfection
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7655791


Three great faiths

Linux, Mac, Windows. See also hardware and programming.

Books on all three, with sample chapters to download
http://oreilly.com/store/complete.html, also animals.html
http://www.manning.com/catalog/by/subject
http://www.nostarch.com/

Unix and Windows similarities, contrasted to other OS designs
"Unix and Windows are huddled together in one tiny corner of the design space ..."
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10138970

Linux (and other Unix)

(See also
open source, Unix design)

Unix guide for beginners from Matt Might
http://matt.might.net/articles/basic-unix/, settling-into-unix, tools
also ssh-hacks, intro-to-make

Tech primer series from Daniel Miessler
http://www.danielmiessler.com/projects/tech_primer_series/, also study/
also collection-of-less-commonly-used-unix-commands

strace and other OS tools described by Julia Evans
http://jvns.ca/strace-zine.pdf
http://jvns.ca/blog/2015/04/06/a-few-spy-tools-for-your-operating-system-other-than-strace/

Linux Core Concepts from Daniel Robbins
http://www.funtoo.org/wiki/Category:Linux_Core_Concepts

Look like a Unix guru, shell and command tipsheets
http://www.cs.usfca.edu/~parrt/course/601/lectures/unix.util.html
http://quong.com/shellin20/shellin20.html
http://www.iol.ie/~padraiga/cmdline.html
http://ss64.com/bash/

Etymology of Linux command names
https://wiki.debian.org/WhyTheName

Origins of Unix acronyms
http://roesler-ac.de/wolfram/acro/credits.htm#1

Linux file system: standard, history, alternatives
http://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_2.3/fhs-2.3.html
http://lists.busybox.net/pipermail/busybox/2010-December/074114.html
https://mailman.archlinux.org/pipermail/arch-dev-public/2012-March/022625.html
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Arch_filesystem_hierarchy
http://sta.li/filesystem
http://www.gobolinux.org/index.php?page=at_a_glance
also https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5943750

Package management: significance, how to use it, how it works, command summaries
http://ianmurdock.com/2007/07/21/how-package-management-changed-everything
http://linuxhelp.blogspot.com/2005/12/concise-apt-get-dpkg-primer-for-new.html
http://www.wiggy.net/presentations/2000/PackageManagement/article/article.pdf, also ps
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pacman_Rosetta
also http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3513849

Desktop environments for Linux: Gnome, KDE, LXDE, Xfce, Unity, and more (2012)
http://www.renewablepcs.com/about-linux/kde-gnome-or-xfce

Using the Linux console, lightweight alternative to desktop environments (2012)
http://klaig.blogspot.be/2012/09/setup-fancy-development-environment-on.html
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4515879
http://inconsolation.wordpress.com/2013/01/07/bonus-screenshot-a-fistful-of-terminal-applications/
http://kmandla.wordpress.com/2009/05/21/quit-x-screen-vs-is-more-fun/, 2009/11/23/mplayer-for-the-framebuffer-only/

The TTY demystified
http://www.linusakesson.net/programming/tty/index.php

Linux distributions gathered into categories and compared (2012)
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Arch_Compared_to_Other_Distributions

Linux distributions family tree (2006, explanations, comments, corrections in second URL)
http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/3370/2500/1600/GNULinuxupdatedw4.0.jpg
http://linuxhelp.blogspot.com/2006/04/mind-map-of-linux-distributions.html

Levinux, small no-install Linux in a VM for novices, with instructions and advocacy
http://mikelev.in/ux/
also http://thetechblock.com/interview-with-mike-levin/

NixOS, Linux distribution with innovative configuration and package management
http://nixos.org/nixos/, docs.html
also https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5727459

How different are the Linux distributions?
"... not stalks off the same evolutionary branch anymore, but an entire ecosystem of different animals"
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8299830

Linux on a 68008 on a solderless breadboard, file system in one ROM and one RAM chip
Directions and links for building and bringing up a very small Linux system
http://www.bigmessowires.com/2014/11/17/68-katy-68000-linux-on-a-solderless-breadboard/
HN comments https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8622720

BSD vs Linux
http://www.over-yonder.net/~fullermd/rants/bsd4linux/bsd4linux1.php

Building from source on Unix, Linux, and OS X
http://serverfault.com/questions/46381/learning-to-compile-things-from-source-on-unix-linux-osx

GNU manuals online
http://www.gnu.org/manual/

Linux how-tos, Ubuntu 2007 (but much applies to any Linux)
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation
http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Gutsy, much more material in Ubuntu:Feisty

Linux HOWTOs (older, mostly before 2005)
http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/index.html

Kernel analysis HOWTO
http://www.faqs.org/docs/Linux-HOWTO/KernelAnalysis-HOWTO.html

Linux system call quick reference, services provided by the kernel
http://www.digilife.be/quickreferences/qrc/linux%20system%20call%20quick%20reference.pdf
caveat https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8665322

Linux kernel source and cross reference
http://lxr.free-electrons.com/
others http://free-electrons.com/community/kernel/lxr/

Linux kernel map (Cool diagram with concentric circles. Broken link, where did it go?)
http://lug.oregonstate.edu/projects/kernelmap/map.php, also about.php

Linux kernel map (interactive, pg dn to zoom, arrow keys or drag to pan, click to view code)
http://www.linuxdriver.co.il/kernel_map_js, also kernel_map_intro

TCP Implementation in Linux: A Brief Tutorial
http://www.ece.virginia.edu/cheetah/documents/papers/TCPlinux.pdf

Network data flow through the Linux kernel
http://www.linuxfoundation.org/images/1/1c/Network_data_flow_through_kernel.png

Notes on virtualization, from Randal E. Bryant at CMU
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dga/15-440/F12/lectures/24-vm.txt

Linux, Red Hat 7.1, April 2001: 30+ million lines of code, $1B, 71% C
http://www.dwheeler.com/sloc/redhat71-v1/redhat71sloc.html

Linux kernel 2.6, April 2008: statistics, authors, sponsors
https://www.linux-foundation.org/publications/linuxkerneldevelopment.php

Linux (in)compatible systems, components (not necessarily complete)
http://linux.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=04/08/25/1817239&tid=137&tid=163&tid=106&tid=218
http://www.linux-tested.com/linux_results.htm
http://www.linuxcompatible.org/compatibility.html
http://tuxmobil.org/laptop_manufacturer.html
http://linux.schottelius.org/blacksheep/

Dennis Ritchie: Unix history and memorabilia
http://plan9.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/

The Restoration of Early UNIX Artifacts (V1 1971 through V7 and 32V 1979)
https://www.usenix.org/legacy/event/usenix09/tech/full_papers/toomey/toomey.pdf

The first Unix port (V6 to Interdata 7/32 in 1976-7, details about many cross-development steps)
http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/bits/Interdata/32bit/unix/univWollongong_v6/miller.pdf
also http://www.uow.edu.au/content/groups/public/@web/@inf/@scsse/documents/doc/uow103747.pdf

Linus Torvalds: original announcement of Linux (1991)
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/comp.os.minix/dlNtH7RRrGA/SwRavCzVE7gJ

Linus Torvalds: fascinating early interview (Linux News, issue 3, 1992)
I still live at home, which is why I can afford to work on Linux and study ...
I bought myself an AT-386 ... I didn't have enough money, so I'm still paying on it ...
I doubt Linux will be here to stay, and maybe Hurd is the wave of the future (and maybe not) ...
http://ibiblio.org/pub/linux/docs/ldpResearch/ldp-historic/LinuxNews.03A

Linux early adoption in the 1990s, how it became so popular
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7696320

Humor (see also in geek culture)
http://www.mit.edu/people/yandros/humor/unix-alphabet
http://www.gksoft.com/a/fun/unix-hierarchy.html
http://research.microsoft.com/~daniel/unix-haters.html

Mac

Mac OS X for Unix users
http://www.kernelthread.com/mac/osx/programming.html
http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~benhdj/Mac/unix.html

Mac OS X development at Apple
http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=208562&cid=17006034

Mac through history
http://www.apple-history.com/frames/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Macintosh_models_grouped_by_CPU

Mac performance, many models
http://www.primatelabs.ca/blog/2008/02/mac-performance-february-2008/

Mac dissection: iBook, PowerBook, Mini
http://ask.metafilter.com/87755/logic-board-replacement-success
http://www.ifixit.com/Guide/
http://www.smashsworld.com/2005/01/mac-mini-complete-technical.php
http://www.mini-itx.com/news/13909018/

Frankenmac, Hackintosh: OS X on commodity PC hardware (I'm not recommending this!)
http://www.boingboing.net/2008/04/21/building-a-frankenma.html
http://lifehacker.com/348653/install-os-x-on-your-hackintosh-pc-no-hacking-required

Mac disenchantment, especially among former PC users
http://ask.metafilter.com/90092/Can-I-say-goodbye-to-XP-worryfree

Windows

Windows: 50+ million lines of code, 300+ million copies in use
http://www.microsoft.com/resources/design/window.html

Windows command line
http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/archives/000334.html
http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/ntcmds.mspx?mfr=true

Windows development at Microsoft
http://blogs.msdn.com/ericlippert/archive/2003/10/28/53298.aspx
http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=181323&cid=14999346
http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2004/2/15/71552/7795
http://www.charlespetzold.com/etc/DoesVisualStudioRotTheMind.html
http://ask.metafilter.com/102558/How-do-I-learn-the-Visual-Studio-way-of-thinking-about-software-development#1487249
http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=208562&cid=17003804

Rapid application development for Windows, Microsoft tools vs. alternatives
http://ask.metafilter.com/193026/Whats-the-easiest-way-to-program-an-application

.NET and C#
http://www.andymcm.com/dotnetfaq.htm, also csharpfaq.htm
http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=188107&cid=15510281, also cid=15510059
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=366114 (C# and .NET vs. Java platform, technology and community)
http://ask.metafilter.com/93840/Scripter-needs-to-learn-a-real-language#1373021

Nancy, lightweight web framework for .NET
http://nancyfx.org/#

Programming Windows with GNU, other tools
http://mingw.org/, also links.shtml
http://www.iseran.com/Win32/FAQ/section0.html

Windows/Linux applications and utilities, equivalents/replacements/analogs
http://www.linuxalt.com/
http://mshiltonj.com/software_wars/current/
http://linuxshop.ru/linuxbegin/win-lin-soft-en/table.shtml (apparently defunct)

Essentials for Windows
http://www.miktex.org/ (TeX, LaTeX)
http://www.graphviz.org (Graphviz: dot, etc.)
http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/ (GhostScript, GhostView, GSView)
http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnuwin32/ (GNU tools: tar, gzip, find, etc.)
http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html (Emacs)
http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html (PuTTY: terminal with ssh, scp etc.)
http://www-mrsrl.stanford.edu/labprivate/cvs_cmdwin.html (CVS)
http://subversion.tigris.org/project_packages.html (Subversion)
http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/archives/001093.html (Subversion server on Windows)

Gow, GNU on Windows, over 100 open-source Unix utilities with installer
https://github.com/bmatzelle/gow/wiki

Coping with Word
http://ask.metafilter.com/85456/Software-for-long-documents
http://www.academicproductivity.com/blog/2007/living-with-microsoft-word-tips-for-survival/
http://www.frostnova.net/archives/fake-latex.html
http://www.mcsweeneys.net/articles/microsoft-word-problems

Windows sysadmin chores
http://uis.georgetown.edu/software/documentation/winxp/winxp.network.printer.html
http://www.winxptutor.com/slidetimeout.htm

PC performance, many models
http://www.primatelabs.ca/blog/2007/12/pc-performance-december-2007/

WinFS integrated/unified storage, ambitious abandoned project
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WinFS
http://hal2020.com/tag/winfs/
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6905633
http://www.metafilter.com/134799/WinFS-what-it-could-have-been-and-why-it-failed

US vs Microsoft anti-trust settlement
http://www.thetc.org/

EU vs Microsoft decision
http://www.microsoft.com/about/legal/eudecision/default.mspx

PIFF + Microsoft agreement about Samba, etc.
http://www.samba.org/samba/PFIF/PFIF_history.html, also PFIF_agreement.html
http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=395668&cid=21772026


Geek culture

(See also technology, great faiths)

News, rumors, gossip, rants
http://news.ycombinator.com/, also item?id=1024399, 1024293 (Hacker News)
also http://rob-barry.com/2014/05/03/History-as-seen-on-Hacker-News.html (scroll down to table)
also http://remembersaurus.com/askhn.html (best of Ask HN by topic, startup advice and more)
also http://www.gabrielweinberg.com/startupswiki/Ask_YC_Archive (similar but older)
also http://www.linkedlistnyc.org/archive/issue_081.html
also http://www.blarworld.net/hackernewsgen.html
also see search box at bottom of HN page
http://ask.metafilter.com/, for example computers-internet, technology, science-nature, etc.
http://delicious.com/nielsen/
http://www.boingboing.net/
http://slashdot.org/
http://www.wired.com/
http://arstechnica.com/
http://www.kuro5hin.org/
http://www.theregister.com/
http://www.salon.com/tech/index.html
http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/klee/misc/slashdot.html

"Unknown technical blogs" recommended by Hacker News contributors
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4928762

Folklore and jargon
http://catb.org/jargon/html/go01.html
http://home.pipeline.com/~hbaker1/hakmem/hakmem.html

Comics (see also in art)
http://lambda.bugyo.tk/cdr/mwl/
http://xkcd.com/, for example 195, 482, 485, 526, 386
explained http://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php/Main_Page
explained differently http://xkcdexplained.tumblr.com/
http://www.phdcomics.com/comics.php, also aboutcomics.html
http://www.questionablecontent.net/
Don't miss   http://electricsheepcomix.com/almostguy/

Laptop art
http://gadgets.boingboing.net/2009/01/28/gallery-bbg-readers.html

Screenshots
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=74605
http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/archives/000682.html
http://www.cinsk.org/emacs/emacs-artist.html
http://code.google.com/p/gnuemacscolorthemetest/ for example index-el.html, index-tex.html, etc.

Donald Knuth: screenshot and fvwm2 setup
http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~uno/screen.jpeg,   programs/.fvwm2rc

Keys vs. mice: "using language is more expressive than pointing at things all day"
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=743721

Food
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=57538, also 142951, 311740, 311835
http://ask.metafilter.com/101144/Om-nom-nom-for-cheap
http://ask.metafilter.com/108940/How-do-I-eat-out-less-frequently-when-Im-already-extremely-pressed-for-time
http://ask.metafilter.com/128887/Keeping-food-on-the-table
http://ask.metafilter.com/134504/My-first-proper-dinner-party-with-family-what-should-I-serve, for example #1922385
http://ask.metafilter.com/141438/2080-Food
http://ask.metafilter.com/144094/Efficiency-cookingas-in-cooking-in-an-efficiency
http://ask.metafilter.com/147002/FoolProof-Receipes-for-Entertaining

Hack a day
http://www.hackaday.com/

Bootstrapping from nothing (with links to many more contributions)
http://homepage.ntlworld.com/edmund.grimley-evans/bcompiler.html
also   https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7503721
http://www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/9x15g/programming_thought_experiment_stuck_in_a_room/c0ewj2c
http://www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/9x15g/programming_thought_experiment_stuck_in_a_room/c0eu7pp
https://web.archive.org/web/20110615061121/http://lists.canonical.org/pipermail/kragen-discuss/2011-June/001168.html

Neat hacks (recent entries at top, see also in science and engineering)
http://taeyoonchoi.com/handmade-computer/, also category/tools/ and welcome/, etc.
manifesto http://taeyoon-debug.tumblr.com/
slides https://speakerdeck.com/tchoi8/artist-statement, see tiny links on many slides
video https://vimeo.com/122206226
http://northwaygames.com/shader/, "a game that will only ever exist on one computer"
http://www.bleeplabs.com/movies.html
explained at   http://www.bleeplabs.com/bleepwhat.html
via   52862/The-Worlds-Cutest-Synth, also links to similar devices
http://www.nablaman.com/relay/
http://grapsus.net/74/
http://bellard.org/jslinux/tech.html
via   http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2555349
http://substack.net/posts/87bfa7/Robot-Telescope
http://users.ox.ac.uk/~uzdm0006/scans/1kchess/
http://www.heeltoe.com/software/pdp11/
http://alpha60.de/research/muc/, explained at http://www.computer50.org/
http://www.physics.berkeley.edu/research/zettl/projects/nanoradio/radio.html
explained at   2007_Nanoletters_Nanotube_radio.pdf
http://pyroom.org/
http://www.antiquark.com/sliderule/sim/n4es/virtual-n4es.html
explained at   http://scienceblogs.com/goodmath/2006/09/manual_calculation_using_a_sli_1.php
http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~harry/Relay/
http://paparazzi.enac.fr/wiki/index.php/Main_Page
http://aj-smith.atspace.com/toycro1/toycro1.htm
http://harbaugh.uoregon.edu/Brain/index.htm
http://wiki.ehow.com/Convert-a-Computer-ATX-Power-Supply-to-a-Lab-Power-Supply
http://www.facade.com/legacy/punchcard/?val=back+in+highschool+i+got+a+letter+typed+this+way
http://www.homebrewcpu.com/
http://www.zaverio.net/laptop/how_i_built/
http://www.ipodlinux.org/index.php/Main_Page
http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks/23.56.html#subj15
http://slashdot.org/articles/04/09/27/049228.shtml?tid=222&tid=137&tid=126&tid=1
http://www.thehaefners.com/kap/gallery/?l=Gas+Works+Park
http://ozy.student.utwente.nl/projects/dbfs/
http://richard.jones.name/google-hacks/gmail-filesystem/gmail-filesystem.html
http://www.onomy.com/blue/predicta.html
http://kde-look.org/content/show.php?content=12219
http://www20.tomshardware.com/cpu/20031230/index.html
http://lilypond.org/stable
http://hackingthexbox.com/
http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~springer/
http://sweetcode.org/index.html
http://www.sodaplay.com/constructor/index.htm
http://www-ccs.cs.umass.edu/~shri/iPicTech.html
http://www.oddmusic.com/gallery/om22000.html

Humor (see also in Unix)
http://www.canonical.org/~kragen/tao-of-programming.html
differently formatted here http://repetae.net/computer/tao.html
also http://catb.org/~esr/writings/unix-koans/index.html
also http://mercury.ccil.org/~cowan/upc/
also http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.scheme/msg/ab562d803aa98142?dmode=source
the original inspiration http://www.ashidakim.com/zenkoans/zenindex.html
http://maradydd.livejournal.com/293666.html
http://www.ee.ryerson.ca:8080/~elf/hack/academic.html
http://research.microsoft.com/~daniel/unix-haters.html
http://www.codethinked.com/post/2007/12/The-Programmer-Dress-Code.aspx
http://freshmeat.net/projects/rottenflesh/
http://thedailywtf.com/

Legacies
http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2009/06/20/Erik-Naggum
also http://open.salon.com/blog/kent_pitman/2009/06/24/erik_naggum_rip
also http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=666425, 672582
http://www.zephoria.org/thoughts/archives/2009/06/21/xkcd_meets_real.html


In a category by themselves

Historical anniversaries
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_historical_anniversaries

Letters of note, an archive of fascinating correspondence
http://www.lettersofnote.com/

Internet anagram server
http://www.wordsmith.org/anagram/

Lexical Freenet
http://www.lexfn.com/

Magnetic poetry
http://www.broken-notebook.com/magnetic/

"May I take your order?"
http://www.rahoi.com/2006/03/may-i-take-your-order.php

International Rollergirls' master roster
http://twoevils.org/rollergirls/

Browse Wittgenstein's Tractatus
http://philosurfical.open.ac.uk/
http://chneukirchen.org/trivium/2008-12-06
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.arts.books/msg/3e2f5e948e5fadd2?dmode=source

Nietzsche Family Circus
http://www.nietzschefamilycircus.com/

Dao De Jing, with links on the translation, language and culture
http://zhongwen.com/dao.htm

Oracle of Bacon
http://www.cs.virginia.edu/oracle/

Typealyzer, Myers-Briggs classification of web pages
http://www.typealyzer.com/

Early technical manual
http://art-bin.com/art/oastro.html

Search for your name or birthday in pi.
http://www.dr-mikes-maths.com/pisearch.html
http://www.facade.com/legacy/amiinpi/

The elements
http://www.theodoregray.com/PeriodicTable/, also Posters/
http://www.uky.edu/Projects/Chemcomics/
http://www.designobserver.com/archives/000101.html

Looplabs (Flash)
http://www.looplabs.com/

Sodaplay (Java, nothing to do with soft drinks)
http://www.sodaplay.com/constructor/index.htm

404 Research Lab
http://www.plinko.net/404/


Jon Jacky, jon@u.washington.edu
http://jon-jacky.github.io/home/links.html
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