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Citing The IUCN Red List

Citing The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ in general

To cite The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ in general, users are advised to follow the format suggested below, changing the dates and version numbers as appropriate.

Within the text use "...IUCN (2019)..."  or "...(IUCN 2019)...". 

In a bibliography or reference list, the above would be cited in full as follows:

IUCN 2019. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2019-3. http://www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 10 December 2019.

 

Citing specific assessments published on The IUCN Red List

When citing specific assessments, users are advised to note that we are in the middle of a process to make all assessments published on The IUCN Red List available as downloadable PDF documents with DOIs so that they will be permanently retrievable. Hence while this process is underway, the full citation format will differ slightly between assessments with PDFs and DOIs and those without.

To cite an assessment users are asked to treat it in the same way as they would a paper in an online scientific journal. The preferred citation appears at the top of the 'species' fact sheet (see the image below). This generally uses the Assessor(s) name(s) as the author(s), the date the assessment was published, the name of the taxon, The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as the journal title, followed by the year as the volume number.

To cite specific assessments within text, use the assessment authors and the date the assessment was published (for these details, see the preferred citation at the top of the relevant 'species' fact sheet). For example, in referring to the assessment of Vampyressa melissa (see https://iucnredlist.org/species/22839/22058315) this should be cited as "Ramirez-Chaves et al. (2015)" or "(Ramirez-Chaves et al. 2015)".
 


Examples of citations for assessments without PDFs and DOIs:
Collette, B. & Heessen, H. 2015. Acanthocybium solandri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T170331A18199865. Downloaded on 10 December 2019.

Yokes, B., Pollard, D., Kara, M.H. & Francour, P. 2011. Stromateus fiatola. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T198715A9083306. Downloaded on 18 July 2019.

Examples of citations for assessments with PDFs and DOIs [note that the DOI in the first example includes the particular version in 2016 i.e. "2016-1"]:
Son, S.-W., Kim, Y.-S. & Kim, H. 2016.  Abeliophyllum distichum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T13188339A13189399. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T13188339A13189399.en. Downloaded on 10 December 2019.

Blanc, J. 2008. Loxodonta africana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T12392A3339343. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T12392A3339343.en. Downloaded on 10 December 2019.

 

Citing Spatial Data

To cite spatial data within text, please make use of the authors of the spatial data, and the date that these data were created, for these details please see the preferred citation at the bottom of the map on a species assessment (see the image below). 

The full citation for spatial data (e.g. in the bibliography of a paper or book) should follow the same format used when citing other internet resources, examples of the recommended format are provided below.

Examples of citations for spatial data: 
IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) 2019. Ochotona iliensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2019-3. http://www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 10 December 2019.

IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group 2018. Epinephelus striatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2019-3. http://www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 10 December 2019.

Dajun Wang 2016. Ailuropoda melanoleuca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2019-3. http://www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 10 December 2019.

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