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Linked library data

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Talk given on 22 April 2010 at Knowledge Engineering Group, University of Economics, Prague.

Talk given on 22 April 2010 at Knowledge Engineering Group, University of Economics, Prague.

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  • 1. Linked Library Data Jindřich Mynarz [email_address]
  • 2. What is this talk about?
    • In terms of Polythematic Structured Subject Heading System , it will be about:
      • „ libraries“ (PSH6536)
      • „ type of data“ (PSH6591)
  • 3. Knowledge technologies
    • 1. System
      • Meaning of a concept is identical with its place in the system.
      • Systematic knowledge is complete, closed and invariant.
      • Example: library
  • 4. Knowledge technologies
    • 2. Structure
      • Meaning is defined by the relationships between concepts.
      • Example: dictionary
  • 5. Knowledge technologies
    • 3. Net
      • Meaning is created in the process of interpretation of an actual configuration of the net.
      • Example: the Web
    Source: PETŘÍČEK, Miroslav. Síť čili tělo bez orgánů. Filosofický časopis , r. 46, č. 1, 1998.
  • 6. Linked data
    • „ Linked data is the pragmatic implementation of the semantic web.“ (Richard Wallis)
  • 7. Linked data
    • means for achieving the semantic web vision
    • web-native data model
    • based on Web standards (HTTP) and semantic web technologies (RDF, RDFS, OWL)
    • ecosystem of structured data – the Web of Data
  • 8. Linked data principles
    • Use URIs as names for things.
    • Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names.
    • When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information , using the standards (RDF, SPARQL).
    • Include links to other URIs . so that they can discover more things.
  • 9. Library data Source: National Library of the Czech Republic card catalogue
  • 10. Library data
    • Libraries are about documents (information resources), not about data.
    • And, of course, libraries 2.0 are all about people (users).
  • 11. Library data
    • Bibliographic records are black-boxes .
      • They are not easily machine-readable.
      • Low data granularity.
  • 12. Library data
    • Library data is:
      • rather text than data (data buried in text)
      • dumb data
      • alive only within library software, on the Web it is dead data
  • 13. Library data
    • Contains duplicate data – redundancy
      • Once necessary for unreliable transport mechanisms to ensure consistency is now not needed .
      • Some data needs to be entered multiple times, so mistakes can be made in the process of data entry.
      • Makes updates difficult.
      • Uncontrolled redundancy (as opposed to intentional replication) wastes disk space.
  • 14. Library data
    • Library-specific access protocols.
    • library://
      • Z39.50
      • OAI-PMH
  • 15. Library data Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/lwr/144004119/
  • 16. MARC
    • Machine-readable cataloging
    • MARC for mark-up
    • Mark-up around text
  • 17. MARC
    • MARC is conceived as a data interchange format.
    • But it is way more than just exchange format.
    • It is also often used as a default view (interface) for catalogers.
  • 18. MARC
    • Data model – traditional catalog card
      • field & subfield granularity
      • „ packages“ of metadata in the form of records (record paradigm)
  • 19. MARC
    • Binary MARC, ISO 2709
    (Source image)
  • 20. MARC
    • MARC-XML (or OAI-MARC) is just MARC with angle brackets.
  • 21. MARC
    • Over 40 years old.
    • Should be a dead language, just like Latin.
    • IE6 of libraries.
  • 22. Links in library data
    • There already are links in library data.
    • Rather implicit than explicit.
  • 23. Links in library data
  • 24. Links in library data
  • 25. Links in library data
  • 26. Links in library data
  • 27. Links in library data
  • 28. Links in library data
  • 29. Links in library data
    • Links use words as identifiers.
      • bound to a natural language
        • ambiguous,
        • informationally incomplete (many concept require more words; e.g., balloon flying),
        • differences and errors in spelling
      • partial
      • non-unique, non-universal
  • 30. Links in library data
    • Can URIs be used as identifiers?
    • Hacking MARC to accept URIs.
      • Is RDFa hacking HTML?
      • using newly added subfields
    • New standards - RDA: Resource Description and Access
  • 31. Linked library data
    • What does it mean for library data to exist within the capabilities and constraints of the Web architecture?
    • Linked data as a single, unified interface for library data.
    • Web-compatible data carrier.
  • 32. Legacy data to linked data
    • 1. Choosing datasets
      • interesting for other parties
      • machine-readable
      • distributed with an open licence
  • 33. Legacy data to linked data
    • 2. Choosing the way of description
      • established and popular ontologies
      • controlled vocabularies
      • code lists
  • 34. Legacy data to linked data
    • 3. Creating mapping
      • internal and external
      • identity resolution based on partial identifiers
  • 35. Legacy data to linked data
    • 4. Storing data
      • RDF triple store
  • 36. Legacy data to linked data
    • 5. Lightweight access API
      • URI patterns design
      • Content negotiation
      • SPARQL endpoint
  • 37. Linked library data Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/thebirdwells/2721654446/
  • 38. Linked library data at National Technical Library
    • Polythematic Structured Subject Heading System
      • http://psh.techlib.cz/skos
    • data.techlib.cz ?
      • ISSN database
      • Bibliographic records
      • Name authority records
  • 39. Benefits of linked data for libraries
    • „ Future for bibliographic control will be collaborative, decentralized, international at scope, and Web-based.“ (On the Record, 2008)
  • 40. Benefits of linked data for libraries
    • Multiple distribution channels
    • Interoperability
    • Data integration
    • Decentralization of the cataloging process
  • 41. Benefits of linked data for libraries
    • Linked library data:
      • resource discovery
      • navigation interface for library users (data as a navigation tool)
      • explicit paths from vague to precise queries
      • „ outsourcing” library authorities to external datasets (e.g., DBPedia)
      • labeled links are amenable to manipulation by computers
      • explicit bibliographic relations
  • 42. Benefits of linked data for libraries
    • Linkable library data:
      • incoming links
      • search engine visibility
  • 43. Benefits of libraries for linked data
    • „ We appreciate libraries, we can not live without them, but we take them for granted.“ (Alex Iskold)
  • 44. Benefits of libraries for linked data
    • Brand of quality and trustworthiness
    • Vast experience in managing information resources and services
      • But, this knowledge may not be useful any longer under current circumstances.
    • Bibliographic vocabularies as domain ontologies
  • 45. Barriers to innovation
    • Libraries
      • long-established library processes
      • out-of-date library standards
    • Library software vendors
      • libraries are often bound by long-lasting contracts
      • use of MARC eliminates the possibility to use standard business software
  • 46. Barriers to innovation
    • Technological determinism: can the linked data technology drive the change and innovation?
    • Chicken-egg problem
      • without the necessary technology backing it is not possible to re-structure library processes to produce more linked data,
      • and without the library's demand, there will be no software solution that enable that.
  • 47. Consequences of maintaining the status quo
    • Navigation restrictions.
    • Coo peration restrictions.
      • Standardization is a requirement to cooperation.
      • Elimination of „local practices“ in favour of standards.
    • Cost of maintenance.
    • Quality of data influences the quality of services, that can be built upon them.
    • Library as „a book museum”.
    • Need for internationalization puts new requirements on bibliographic data.
  • 48. What is happening?
    • RDA: Resource Description and Access
      • Metadata Registry Project
      • http://metadataregistry.org
  • 49. What is happening?
    • OpenLibrary
      • http://www.openlibrary.org
      • „ One web page for every book.“
  • 50. What is happening?
  • 51. What is happening?
    • German National Library has released its linked data prototype for authority data.
      • http://d-nb.info/gnd
  • 52. What is happening?
    • National Technical Library
      • http://data.techlib.cz (?)
  • 53. Summary
    • „ Libraries must transition to the Web future without delay in regard to retain their significance as information providers.“ (On the Record, 2008)
  • 54. Summary
    • Interact with data from other information ecologies.
    • Machine applications are also users of the data libraries produce.
    • Becoming a part of the data supply chain.
  • 55. Thank you! Jindřich Mynarz E-mail: jindrich.mynarz@techlib.cz Twitter: @jindrichmynarz
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