The Impact of the Professional Development Framework on DIT's Information Literacy Programme - L2L

 
The Impact of the Professional Development
Framework on DIT’s Information Literacy Programme
Allison Kavanagh

Affiliation

Allison Kavanagh
Head of Library Services
City Campus
Technological University Dublin

Abstract
This chapter presents a case study of the influence engaging with the
Professional Development Framework (PDF) has had on the Information
Literacy (IL) programme in a Library of the Dublin Institute of Technology
(DIT), since 1/1/2019 the City Campus of Technological University
Dublin. The PDF was developed by the National Forum for the
Enhancement of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education.

For over a decade (2008-2018), a team of DIT library staff has used a
‘menu’ of one-hour classes to deliver its IL programme in a standardised
way. Participation by some team members in L2L (Librarians Learning
to Support Learners Learning) led to the whole team engaging in a
review of the IL programme through the lens of the PDF.

Following some contextual information, the chapter outlines the mapping
of the review of the IL programme to each of the five Domains of the
PDF and the resulting modifications. It describes the professional
development needs that arose from the proposed changes to the IL
programme, the measures that were implemented to address those
needs and the revised IL programme that has been introduced.
Finally, the chapter summarises observations and feedback on the
impact engagement with the PDF has had on the IL programme in this
library.

Introduction
In 2016, Institute of Technology, Carlow (ITC), Dublin Institute of
Technology (DIT) and Dundalk Institute of Technology (DkIT) submitted
a joint bid for the L2L Project for the L2L project to Ireland’s National
Forum for the Enhancement of Teaching and Learning in Higher
Education (National Forum). This project – across the three institutions
– aims to use the National Professional Development Framework for
All Staff Who Teach in Higher Education (PDF) (National Forum for the
Enhancement of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 2016) as
a model to help library staff further develop their continuing professional
development (CPD). This chapter is a case study of the use of the PDF
in one of DIT’s libraries to help further grow the teaching skills of library
staff and the influence that engagement with L2L and the PDF has had
on their teaching practice and teaching philosophy.

Background
DIT is one of the Ireland’s largest education providers, accounting for
9% of all higher education students. DIT has begun a phased
consolidation of its six main campuses into a single new campus located
in the Grangegorman area of Dublin’s city centre. Alongside this,
working with partner institutions IT Blanchardstown and IT Tallaght, DIT
aims to develop Ireland’s first Technological University.

DIT Library Services comprises six libraries and a Central Services Unit.
Aungier Street is the largest of the current campuses, serving the
College of Business and the Schools of Law and of Media from the
College of Arts & Tourism: a community of approximately 6,000 students
in addition to academic staff, researchers and professional services staff.
Information literacy can be defined as “the set of integrated abilities,
encompassing the reflective discovery of information, the understanding
of how information is produced and valued, and the use of information
in creating new knowledge and participating ethically in communities of
learning” (Association of College & Research Libraries, 2015). Both
formal and informal teaching of information literacy takes place in
academic libraries.

In 2007, DIT Library Services’ Senior Management Team agreed Library
Services should have a standardised approach to formal teaching of
information literacy across its (then) seven libraries located on seven
campuses. I was seconded to develop a ‘menu’ of information literacy
classes that could be used as a template for all information literacy
classes taught by library staff throughout DIT. I developed 11 one-hour
classes covering a range of topics from effective searching of library

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databases to current awareness for research students. This was
adopted in the 2007/08 academic year to varying degrees across the
seven libraries, with DIT’s Aungier Street library embracing it most fully.
Following the adoption of the menu as a basis for all formal IL teaching
in Aungier Street library, the number of embedded information literacy
modules in that campus on which librarians taught expanded from two
in 2006/07 to six in 2007/08. For the purposes of this chapter, an
embedded information literacy module consists of several (three or four)
sessions delivered as part of a 15-week academic module or course.
The IL learning outcomes are aligned and assessed with those of the
academic module.

As a result of the adoption and promotion of the menu approach to IL
teaching, four academic staff members and librarians together selected
the appropriate classes to meet the desired learning outcomes for
specific academic programmes and modules. These were: BSc
Accounting & Finance, BSc Management and Law, BSc Marketing, BSc
Product Design, BA Media Arts and BA Photography. The librarians
directly assessed the information literacy component in the BSc
Marketing and BSc Product Design programmes. The number of
embedded information literacy modules expanded to 10 in 2008/09 but
reduced to a low of two in 2014/15 due to a number of factors including
changes in staffing and constraints on filling vacancies.

Now, in 2018, I lead the team of 14 library staff in DIT’s Aungier Street
library in all aspects of service delivery. While all library staff engage in
informal teaching, a smaller team is engaged in formal teaching. This
team comprises two Assistant Librarians who teach students at all levels
from Level 6 (Higher Certificate) to Level 10 (PhD), and two Library
Assistants - also qualified librarians - who facilitate library induction
classes to Level 6 (Higher Certificate), 7 (Ordinary Bachelor degree)
and 8 (Honours Bachelor degree) students.

The four members of the teaching team take a standardised approach
to their teaching: The ‘menu’ approach to IL developed in 2007 has
continued to form the basis of all formal teaching in DIT’s Aungier Street
library in the intervening 11 years, with some modifications during that
time to the programme content. As has been the case since the
inception of the information literacy programme, the students’

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achievement of the learning outcomes is assessed either by the
academic staff members or, in some instances, directly by the librarians.
In March 2017, together with one of Aungier Street library’s two teaching
librarians, I joined the L2L project team. The team originally comprised
14 library staff members (professional and para-professional) from the
three participating institutions. Against this background, this case study
now outlines how the information literacy programme in DIT’s Aungier
Street library was structured and delivered prior to the L2L project, and
how engagement with the PDF led the teaching librarians to reflect on
their teaching practice and change the programme.

Case Study

Pre PDF Model
Since the 2007/08 academic year, all formal teaching of information
literacy in DIT’s Aungier Street library has been based on a ‘menu’ of 11
one-hour information literacy classes, developed in summer 2007. The
original menu offered the following classes, each of which could be
offered independently of each other:

    ●   Finding Books
    ●   Finding Journal Articles
    ●   Developing a Search Strategy and Using it in a Library
        Database
    ●   Specialised Databases (e.g. Legal Databases)
    ●   The Internet and Evaluating Information
    ●   Plagiarism and Referencing and Citing
    ●   Introduction to Endnote
    ●   Intermediate Endnote
    ●   Advanced Endnote
    ●   Current Awareness
    ●   Citation Searching and using Journal Citation Reports

The menu outlined the learning outcomes of each class and included a
brief content description, suggested lesson plans and worksheets. This
menu, with some modifications, formed the basis of the information
literacy programme in DIT’s Aungier Street library subsequently, even
as the composition of the teaching team has changed.

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The National Professional Development Framework for All Staff
Who Teach in Higher Education (PDF)

The PDF aims to empower staff to engage in personal and professional
development, and to encourage staff to engage with peers to support
their CPD activities. It also aims to help staff to “reflect on, plan and
contribute to the evidence-based enhancement and transformation of
their teaching and learning approaches” and to “contribute to the quality
assurance and enhancement of the student learning experience”
(National Forum for the Enhancement of Teaching & Learning, 2016,
p.1). Further, the PDF can be used by teams as well as individuals for
team-based professional development (p. 1).

I agreed with the two teaching librarians that we would together examine
the teaching practice in Aungier Street library, as based on the menu of
information literacy classes, through the lens of the PDF. We would then
decide whether any modifications were required and identify any related
professional development needs. Having made any modifications we
considered to be in line with the PDF we would reflect on those changes
to the library’s teaching practice.

We began by mapping the review of the menu of information literacy
classes against each of the domains of the PDF:

Domain 1: Personal Development: the Self in Teaching and Learning
Domain 2: Professional Identity, Values and Development in Teaching
and Learning
Domain 3: Professional Communication and Dialogue in Teaching and
Learning
Domain 4: Professional Knowledge and Skills in Teaching and Learning
Domain 5: Personal and Professional Digital Capacity in Teaching and
Learning

Domain 1: Personal Development: the Self in Teaching and
Learning
Domain 1 is, by its nature, a very personal domain. Colleagues working
side-by-side can have very different characteristics that motivate and
challenge their teaching depending on their career stage, their prior

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experience, and their skills and qualifications in teaching and learning.
The two teaching librarians and I have completed accredited teaching
and learning modules and programmes but have differing levels of
experience. One of the teaching librarians described experiencing
‘imposter syndrome’, a lack of confidence and a hesitancy to identify as
‘a teacher’. The other, who has more experience of teaching and more
qualifications in teaching and learning, was confident in his role as a
teacher. These differences in prior learning were acknowledged and
reflected on, as was the positive contribution that each makes to the
library’s formal teaching activities. We identified different professional
development needs in this domain and made personalised plans to
address those needs. For example, one colleague identified a workshop
she wished to attend to help her to develop knowledge of pedagogical
theories and their application to teaching and learning of information
literacy. Meanwhile, I resolved to use the term ‘teacher’ or ‘teaching
librarian’ more explicitly when talking to and about the role of these two
librarians – both internally and at committee meetings outside Library
Services.

Engaging with this Domain lead us to articulate our library’s philosophy
and approach to teaching. We found we share a student-centred
approach to teaching and learning, as outlined in Biggs & Tang (2011).
Biggs and Tang argue that theories of teaching and learning fall into
three broad categories or levels and that a teacher’s theory of teaching
and learning tends to change over time.

Teachers at Level 1 adopt a “blame-the-student” approach, which
attributes differences in student learning to inherent differences in
students’ ability, motivation, etc. This is a “totally unreflective” (Biggs &
Tang, 2011, p. 18) theory of teaching and learning since it ascribes the
success or failure of students to learn to whether or not they are “good
students”.

Teachers at Level 2 are more reflective, and consider student learning
to be dependent on “what teachers do” (Biggs & Tang, 2011, p. 18),
rather than what type of student they are teaching (as in Level 1). Biggs
and Tang describe this approach as a “blame-the-teacher” approach,
since deficits in student learning are attributed to a lack of certain
competencies on the part of the teacher (p. 18).

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Level 3, on the other hand, is a “student-centred” (Biggs & Tang, 2011,
p. 20) theory of teaching and learning which focuses on “what the
student does” (p. 20). Biggs and Tang say that teachers at Level 3
consider what teaching and learning activities need to take place in order
for students to achieve the desired learning outcomes, and facilitate the
students’ learning accordingly.

We agreed to review the IL programme to ensure it reflected our student-
centred approach to teaching and learning. This included a review of
the programme’s learning outcomes. We recognised that the existing
information literacy module pre-dated the development of DIT’s
Graduate Attributes (Dublin Institute of Technology, 2013):

Engaged: Global citizen; ethical; motivated self-starter; excellent
communicator;
Enterprising: Innovator; leader; collaborative worker; entrepreneur;
Enquiry-based: Critical thinker; problem solver; creator of new
knowledge; decision maker
Effective: Emotionally intelligent; active team players; strategic thinkers;
resilient;
Expert in chosen subject discipline: Disciplinary knowledge; reflective
practitioners; work-based/work-related learner; digitally literate.

We agreed we needed to re-write the learning outcomes for the
information literacy module to ensure they reflected the Institute’s
Graduate Attributes. I had been a member of DIT’s working group tasked
with developing a toolkit to help teaching staff to integrate DIT’s
Graduate Attributes into modules and programmes. I was able to draw
on this experience, therefore, to re-write the learning outcomes of the
revised information literacy module and to map those learning outcomes
onto the Graduate Attributes.

Coupled with these developments was an increased focus on
employability. In 2016/17 I led a collaboration between DIT Library
Services and DIT’s Career Development Centre to jointly develop
JobSpace (Dublin Institute of Technology, 2017), a website designed to
bring together careers and library resources to help students to find jobs,
work placements and volunteering opportunities and to increase their
employability. This emphasis on employability also needed to be
reflected in the revised information literacy module.

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Actions Taken
Engaging with the PDF led to an articulation of our shared teaching
philosophy, but also an identification of individual professional
development needs. While accredited programmes of study could help
to address these needs, the teaching librarians found the PDF’s
Typology of Professional Development Activities (National Forum for the
Enhancement of Teaching & Learning in Higher Education, 2016, p. 2)
helpful in its acknowledgement that non-accredited informal learning
through conversations with colleagues, reading articles and self-study
were equally valid forms of professional development.

Domain 2: Professional Identity, Values and Development in
Teaching and Learning

Professional Identity
Reflecting on Domain 2 highlighted differences in perceptions of
professional identity. I am no longer directly involved in teaching but
would have considered myself a ‘teacher’ when I was. I had assumed
that the two teaching librarians felt the same but realised that one was
reluctant to self-identify as a ‘teacher’, feeling that what she did was not
really ‘teaching’ and did not equate to what academic staff members do.
While she identified professional development needs in this regard, the
conversations we had as a team helped her to recognise her own
expertise and to acknowledge the fact that she had previously
completed an accredited module on online teaching and therefore did
have a qualification in teaching and learning.

Values
A perceived increase in ‘fake news’ which coincided with the L2L project
lead us to articulate our values with regard to helping library users to
develop the necessary skills to critically evaluate information, whatever
its source. We realised that, for a number of reasons, the focus of the
library’s IL module had drifted to being more about helping students to
develop searching skills and to avoid plagiarism than on helping them
develop the critical thinking skills needed to identify misinformation. We
identified a need to learn about ‘fake news’ workshops and tools being
offered by librarians internationally and to integrate those techniques
into Aungier Street library’s IL programme.

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Engaging with Domain 2 of the PDF also highlighted the fact that if the
library’s teaching philosophy was truly student-centred we should seek
student feedback on the library’s information literacy programme. This
had been the practice some years previously but had ceased. We now
acknowledged the importance of student feedback and resolved to
reintroduce it into the formal teaching practice in Aungier Street library.
The teaching librarians identified a need for professional development
in the area of developing an effective feedback form.

Actions Taken
Professional identity: Through participating in the L2L project, the
librarian who was reluctant to self-identify as a ‘teacher’ began to identify
more with her role in teaching and is now more comfortable with that
description of her role. This evolved over time and for a number of
reasons, including the PDF’s acknowledgement of the fact that
professional development activities can take many forms and that
informal, non-accredited learning activities are valuable. Furthermore,
reflecting on her role in teaching the IL programme lead her to recognise
her skills and qualifications and to recognise herself as a teacher on an
equal footing with her academic colleagues.

Values: The team’s participation in the L2L project and engagement with
the PDF coincided with DIT’s ‘All Aboard Week 2017’, part of a national,
weeklong series of events run jointly by the National Forum and Ireland’s
higher education institutions to build confidence in Ireland’s digital skills
for learning (All Aboard 2017, 2017).

Given the topicality of the theme of ‘fake news’ and its alignment with
the library’s teaching philosophy of helping students and library users
to develop critical thinking skills, Library Services delivered two ‘Be Your
Own Factchecker’ workshops during DIT’s All Aboard Week 2017.
Librarians have a long history of teaching library users to evaluate
information sources. Following reflection on the PDF, however, the
teaching librarians identified a need to upskill in order to make the class
content more relevant to the challenges of handling and critiquing
information in the 21st Century. To this end, the DIT All Aboard team
embarked on a self-study programme whereby librarians and staff from
the Learning Teaching and Technology Centre, with whom the event was
co-hosted, jointly developed a bibliography of useful resources for

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helping library users to identify ‘fake news’. This helped the teaching
librarians to develop the content for the ‘Be Your Own Factchecker’
workshops during All Aboard Week 2017 and subsequently to review
and revise the content of classes on evaluating information.

Similar activities were engaged in to address the professional
development needs that had been identified with regard to taking a
student-centred approach to teaching. Specifically, the teaching
librarians had identified a need to learn more about effective methods
of seeking student feedback. Following collaborative discussions during
which I shared with my colleagues information I had gleaned from my
attendance at the CONUL National Conference 2016, it was agreed to
introduce the use of a short, qualitative feedback form using the H-form
layout described by Dalton (2016).

Thus, the professional development needs that were identified in relation
to Domain 2 were met through collaborative and unstructured
professional development activities, i.e. conversations with colleagues
and reading articles.

Domain 3: Professional Communication and Dialogue in Teaching
and Learning
For students to receive the maximum benefit in relation to the revised
menu of information literacy classes we needed to market its relaunch
to the academic staff members with whom the teaching librarians
collaborate in their teaching of information literacy skills. This led to the
identification of a need to develop marketing skills and graphic design
skills by the team members.

We needed to be able to communicate effectively with academics - as
partners - in order to design and deliver high quality information literacy
modules that met the needs of their students. Library Services has long
had representation on DIT’s Learning, Teaching and Assessment
Strategy Committee and each College Librarian is a member of a
College Board. College Boards are sub-committees of Academic
Council and review submissions of programme proposals, module
amendments, and examination and assessment procedures and results.
Despite representation on these and other sub-committees of Academic
Council, however, it has proven difficult to achieve the embedding of IL

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modules into the curriculum, beyond those modules and programmes
coordinated by “academic champions” (McGuinness, 2007, p. 26) who
are supportive of librarians’ role in teaching IL.

We believed that by revising the IL programme, using graphic design
skills to present it in an eye-catching way and presenting it at Library
Committee (a sub-committee of Academic Council) and the other
relevant committees outlined above we could broaden its reach and
hopefully achieve a greater embedding of IL into programmes and
modules.

The development of Academic Writing Skills was also identified as a
professional development need. I had published articles in peer
reviewed journals and had presented at conferences and seminars, but
wanted to do more. The teaching librarians had also presented at
conferences and seminars but had not published articles.

Actions Taken
One of the teaching librarians had previously identified Canva (a web-
based graphic design tool with free and subscription options) as a useful
design tool. This had already been used by the library’s marketing and
promotion team to design signs, posters and images for use in social
media campaigns. She has taught her colleagues to use this tool and it
was used to design a brochure to outline and promote the new IL
programme. We hope to use a similar design on the library website
which is due to be redesigned in the near future.

In relation to developing marketing skills, we engaged in further
unstructured professional development activities in the form of reading
articles and books. We found Ned Potter’s (2012) The library marketing
toolkit to be particularly helpful.

Finally, we attended academic writing workshops organised by the L2L
project, which supported us in the development of academic writing skills
and assisted us in writing this book.

Domain 4: Professional Knowledge and Skills in Teaching and
Learning
DIT requires all new members of academic staff to complete the

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Postgraduate Certificate in Teaching & Learning, offered by the LTTC.
A number of library staff have also completed Postgraduate Certificate,
Diploma and Masters degree programmes offered by the LTTC. Prior to
our engagement with the PDF, the Aungier Street library’s teaching
librarians and I had completed an accredited programme in Teaching &
Learning. These ranged from five European Credit Transfer System
(ECTS) programmes such as the accredited professional development
programme in teaching and learning offered by DIT’s LTTC and a
programme in online learning offered by Dublin City University’s
Teaching Enhancement Unit, to a Postgraduate Diploma in Teaching
and Learning and a Postgraduate Diploma in E-Learning, both offered
by DIT’s LTTC.

As a result of this prior formal learning, active learning techniques have
formed part of the formal teaching activities at Aungier Street library for
many years. Blended learning techniques have also been introduced.
In 2015 we applied for and were granted funding by the Technological
University for Dublin’s (TU4D) First Year Experience project, designed
to pilot ideas that support the redesign of the Technological University
for Dublin’s first year curriculum. We developed ‘LibraryLearning’, a
digital library information pack for first year students and piloted it on
three academic programmes: BSc Marketing, BA Journalism and BA
Journalism with a Language. The pilot was extended to all first year
students taking embedded IL modules in 2017/18 (eight first year
modules) but was not, prior to our participation in the L2L project,
recognised formally as being part of the IL programme.

Engagement with this Domain lead us to conclude that the learning
outcomes and descriptors of the menu of information literacy classes
needed to be updated to reflect the introduction of blended learning
techniques into the IL programme.

Actions Taken
We enhanced our skills in writing learning outcomes by studying DIT
LTTC’s Guide to Writing Learning Outcomes (Bowe & Fitzmaurice, n.d.).
I also shared with the teaching librarians the experience I had gained
as a member of DIT’s Graduate Attributes Toolkit working group to assist
us in mapping the revised IL module’s learning outcomes against DIT’s
graduate attributes.

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Domain 5: Personal and Professional Digital Capacity in Teaching
and Learning
Prior to the L2L project teaching librarians had already integrated a
range of technologies into their formal teaching practice. These included

     Blackboard, DIT’s Virtual Learning Environment, to disseminate
       slides and notes for the BSc in Marketing’s embedded
       information literacy module (librarians do not have access within
       Blackboard to the other eight programmes on which they teach
       embedded information literacy modules).
     Mailchimp, an email marketing service that supports the design
       and sending of targeted emails and collates information in
       relation to user engagement and interaction with the email
       content. Mailchimp was used to develop the digital information
       pack for first year students, as outlined under Domain 4 above.
     Google Forms, a free tool which allows the creation of surveys
       and quizzes. This was used for formative and summative
       assessment. Formative assessment is defined by Cannon and
       Newble (2000, p. 166) as an assessment which is “for the
       benefit of the students in terms of guiding their further study”.
       O’Neill and McMahon (2005, p. 31) argue that including more
       formative assessment in a course allows the teacher to “provide
       a focus for the student by highlighting their learning gaps and
       areas that they can develop”. Summative assessment, on the
       other hand, “is used to grade students at the end of a course or
       to accredit at the end of a programme” (Biggs & Tang, 2011, p.
       196).
     Socrative, an online student response system, available via
       website and an app, which allows teachers to engage and
       assess students in real time. The library’s induction team (the
       two teaching librarians and two Library Assistants) introduced
       the use of Socrative into their induction sessions in 2016/17.

Following engagement with the PDF, the teaching librarians reflected
on their use of the above technologies. They realised that, other than
Mailchimp, for which funding had been received from the TU4D First
Year Experience Project, they had not documented their use of these
technologies or formally reflected on how effective they were in helping
students to achieve the desired learning outcomes.

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When engaging with the PDF, the teaching librarians felt that they had
a professional development need with regard to learning about the full
range of features available in Socrative, and learning how to use those
features more effectively. They also wished to identify other digital tools
that could help to support the library’s learning and teaching activities.

Actions Taken
Following a review of the use of Socrative in library induction sessions,
the teaching librarians engaged in self-study in the use of the application
system. Having conducted a detailed review of its features, they
recommended that the library subscribe to the ‘professional’ version,
Socrative Pro. In 2017/18 the teaching librarians expanded the use of
this tool to all nine of the embedded information literacy modules that
they teach.

To help her to identify additional digital tools to further enhance the
library’s teaching and learning activities, one of the teaching librarians
attended a workshop in March 2018 on Effective Use of Technology to
Support Teaching & Learning, organised by CONUL’s Training &
Development group. She has already confirmed that integrating some
of the technologies she learned about at this workshop into her teaching
could help students to achieve the desired learning outcomes. She will
choose one of these technologies, integrate it into her teaching and
reflect on the impact of that change. Furthermore, following her
attendance at this event she has supported her colleagues’ development
of skills in using digital tools through collaborative discussions with them.

Post PDF Model: The Revised IL Programme
There have been a number of positive outcomes to the initiative. The
most striking aspect is the fact that the PDF has encouraged us to be
more reflective about what we do. While we previously reflected at the
end of each programme and academic year on what had or had not
worked well, we had not generally documented this reflective process.
Secondly, as a result of the professional development activities
described above, the revised IL module reflects a greater emphasis on
critical thinking than on simply ‘finding information’. The blended learning
environment in which information literacy teaching and learning takes
place is also considered as is the relevance of the information literacy
module to the development of graduate attributes and to employability.

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Engaging with the PDF has meant a more explicit recognition of our
student-centred teaching philosophy and of our values of helping
students to develop critical thinking skills: essential skills for their role
as citizens as well as their academic life. The ‘Evaluating Information
and Thinking Critically’ session is now part of all the embedded
information literacy modules that the teaching librarians deliver as part
of academic programmes in the College of Business. We hope to
expand this to other colleges too.
We also incorporated a description of our blended learning approach,
examples of the embedded information literacy modules and a
description of the JobSpace website into the revised IL module:

Library & Research Tutorials: Supporting Your Teaching & Learning
    ● Library Induction
    ● Finding Books on Your Reading List
    ● Introduction to Academic Resources
    ● Journal Articles: what they are and how to find them
    ● Finding Market Research and Company Reports
    ● Core Legal Skills
    ● Evaluating Information and Thinking Critically
    ● Avoiding Plagiarism: Referencing and Citing
    ● Reference Management Tools
    ● Embedded Modules - examples
    ● Library Learning
    ● Research Support
    ● JobSpace and Employability

(The complete revised IL module is available
at https://bit.ly/2Gk8G0Y.)

Following engagement with the PDF and the subsequent modification
of the information literacy programme, the number of IL modules which
the teaching librarians now directly assess has increased. In 2016/17,
prior to participation in the L2L project, Aungier Street library’s teaching
librarians directly assessed the embedded IL component of one
academic programme. Following the review and revision of the IL
programme through the lens of the PDF in 2017/18, this increased to
five academic programmes.

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Feedback
We sought feedback from our academic colleagues regarding whether
or not they considered the revised IL module had had an impact on
student performance.

One lecturer commented:
        “I can say with certainty that the students who participated and
        attended your literacy sessions in the library showed a higher
        degree of competency and understanding in the areas of
        academic referencing and data base (sic) research skills than
        those students who did not attend these sessions.”

While another provided the following ‘before and after’ feedback:
       Before
       Students were not aware of the resources available to them
       through the library. They tend to think in terms of books rather
       than the diverse range of materials available to them. Students
       were limited in their understanding of what a journal actually is.
       Little understanding of how to access the library online. Limited
       competence in referencing and/or understanding of why and
       how to do so.
       After
       An improved effort with referencing and a wider set of
       resources cited in their projects.
       In some cases students did not take on board the literacy
       sessions but this was usually correlated with general
       performance and attendance.
       I think there is considerable opportunity to build online courses
       for the students that must be completed for credit.
       Both a horizontal and vertical integration on programmes and
       not just modules would be beneficial.

Both of these lecturers’ comments indicate a positive opinion of the
information literacy module and its influence on students’ behaviour. It
is unfortunate, however, that neither lecturer mention any perceptible
difference in the students’ ability to critique information. Perhaps this is
too much to expect from a single one-hour class, or perhaps we need

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to continue to reflect on and modify the content of our ‘Evaluating
Information and Thinking Critically’ session.

Reflection
Engaging with the PDF lead us to reflect on the teaching team’s practice
in a more structured and critical way than the usual informal reflections
we had engaged in heretofore. We acknowledged our philosophy of
using a student-centred approach to our teaching and learning activities
and resolved to re-introduce student feedback to reflect this. We also
explicitly strove to move from focusing on teaching searching skills (e.g.
‘how to use the library’s databases’) to considering how to help students
to develop critical thinking skills.

The fact that our engagement with the PDF coincided with the worldwide
focus on ‘fake news’ further encouraged this shift in focus, as did the
teaching librarians’ development of a fake news workshop for DIT’s All
Aboard Week during 2017.

I observed that engaging with the PDF helped the teaching librarians to
reflect on where they considered themselves to have professional
development needs and allowed them to address those needs in a
focussed way. For example, having determined that one of the changes
they would like to introduce into their teaching practice was to use
‘flipped classroom’ technique, they read articles in teaching and learning
journals on this technique and then introduced it in the classroom.
More generally, engaging with the PDF and thinking about why they
teach and their own personal teaching philosophies seemed to re-
energise and reinvigorate them as teachers.

Conclusion
We continue to integrate changes to the IL programme throughout the
remainder of the 2017/18 academic year. We plan to use the revised IL
programme for the duration of an entire academic year (i.e. 2018/19)
and to review it using student, lecturer and teaching librarian feedback.
In parallel, I will present the revised IL module at the next meeting of the
College of Business’s Library Committee to raise awareness of the
changes in our IL programme and to promote the role of Library Services
and its teaching librarians in helping students to develop information
literacy and critical thinking skills.

                                97
It is currently being considered whether the revised IL programme
developed for use in DIT’s Aungier Street library is suitable for adoption
across all six constituent libraries of DIT Library Services and, if so,
whether the other teaching librarians would consider developing outlines
of additional subject-specific sessions for inclusion in the revised IL
module.

The revised IL module can also act as a tool to market Library Services’
IL programme. The teaching librarians and I have therefore developed
a marketing strategy to promote the programme via email, social media
and the DIT Library Services website, which is soon to be redesigned.
Finally, the teaching librarians continue to use the PDF to identify
professional development needs and to address those needs. They and
I will also shortly be integrating this process into the Performance
Management and Development System.

References

All Aboard 2017. (2017). About All Aboard 2017. Retrieved from
        http://allaboard2017.ie/all-aboard/

Association of College & Research Libraries. (2015). Framework for
       Information Literacy for Higher Education. Retrieved from
       http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/ilframework

Biggs, J. B., & Tang, C. S. (2011). Teaching for quality learning at
        university: What the student does (4th ed.). Maidenhead:
        Society for Research into Higher Education &. Open
        University Press.

Bowe, B., & Fitzmaurice, M. (n.d.). Guide to writing learning outcomes:
       version 2. Retrieved from
       http://www.dit.ie/lttc/media/ditlttc/documents/Microsoft%20Wor
       d%20-%20LearningOutcomesGuide.pdf

Cannon, R., & Newble, D. (2000). A handbook for teachers in
      universities and colleges: a guide to improving teaching
      methods (4th ed.). London: Kogan Page.

                                   98
Dalton, M. (2016). Seeing through learners' eyes. Paper presented at the
                     CONUL Conference, Athlone. Retrieved from
                     https://www.slideshare.net/eservice/seeing-through-learners- eyes-
                     53155719?qid=86f59ce8-1e2b-45f3-89fc-
                     428c0b2f1845&v=&b=&from_search=6

             Dublin Institute of Technology. (2013). Graduate Attributes. Retrieved from
                     http://www.dit.ie/teaching/graduateattributes/backgroundtothe
                     graduateattributes/

             Dublin Institute of Technology. (2017). Job Space. Retrieved from
                     http://dit.ie/jobspace/

             McGuinness, C. (2007). Exploring Strategies for Integrated Information
                   Literacy: From "Academic Champions" to Institution-Wide
                   Change. Communications in Information Literacy, 1(1), 26-38.

             National Forum for the Enhancement of Teaching and Learning in Higher
                     Education. (2016). National framework for all staff who teach in
                     higher education. Retrieved from
                     https://www.teachingandlearning.ie/wp-
                     content/uploads/2016/09/PDFramework-FINAL.pdf

             O'Neill, G., & McMahon, T. (2005). Student-centred learning: what does it
                      mean for students and lecturers? In G. O'Neill (Ed.), Emerging
                      issues in the practice of university and learning (pp. 27-36). Dublin:
                      AISHE.

Potter, N. (2012). The library marketing toolkit. London: Facet

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