Template:Cite web

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Citation Style 1 templates
{{Cite arXiv}}arXiv preprints
{{Cite AV media}}audio and visual
{{Cite AV media notes}}audio and visual liner notes
{{Cite bioRxiv}}bioRxiv preprints
{{Cite book}}books
{{Cite conference}}conference papers
{{Cite encyclopedia}}edited collections
{{Cite episode}}radio or television episodes
{{Cite interview}}interviews
{{Cite journal}}academic journals and papers
{{Cite magazine}}magazines, periodicals
{{Cite mailing list}}public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}maps
{{Cite news}}news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}online newsgroups
{{Cite podcast}}podcasts
{{Cite press release}}press releases
{{Cite report}}reports
{{Cite serial}}audio or video serials
{{Cite sign}}signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}speeches
{{Cite techreport}}technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}theses
{{Cite web}}web sources not covered by the above
See also:

This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for web sources that are not characterized by another CS1 template.

Usage[edit]

Copy a blank version to use. All parameter names must be in lowercase. Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Delete unused parameters to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples may include the current date. If the date is not current, then purge the page.

Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format

For references with author credit

{{cite web |url= |title= |last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}

For references without author credit

{{cite web |url= |title= |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}
Most commonly used parameters in vertical format
{{cite web
 |url=
 |title=
 |last=
 |first=
 |date=
 |website=
 |publisher=
 |access-date=
 |quote= }}
Full parameter set in horizontal format
{{cite web |url= |url-access= |title= |last= |first= |author= |author-link= |last2= |first2= |author2= |author-link2= |date= |year= |orig-year= |editor-last= |editor-first= |editor= |editor-link= |editor2-last= |editor2-first= |editor2-link= |editors= |department= |website= |series= |publisher= |agency= |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |script-title= |trans-title= |type= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archive-url= |archive-date= |dead-url= |access-date= |via= |quote= |ref= |postscript= |subscription= |registration=}}
Full parameter set in vertical format
Vertical list Prerequisites Brief instructions / notes
{{cite web
 |url=
 |url-access=
 |title=
 |last=
 |first=
 |author-link=
 |last2=
 |first2=
 |author-link2=
 |date=
 |year=
 |orig-year=
 |editor-last=
 |editor-first=
 |editor-link=
 |editor2-last=
 |editor2-first=
 |editor2-link=
 |department=
 |website=
 |series=
 |publisher=
 |agency=
 |location=
 |page=
 |pages=
 |at=
 |language=
 |script-title=
 |trans-title=
 |type=
 |format=
 |arxiv=
 |asin=
 |bibcode=
 |doi=
 |doi-broken-date=
 |isbn=
 |issn=
 |jfm=
 |jstor=
 |lccn=
 |mr=
 |oclc=
 |ol=
 |osti=
 |pmc=
 |pmid=
 |rfc=
 |ssrn=
 |zbl=
 |id=
 |archive-url=
 |archive-date=
 |dead-url=
 |access-date=
 |via=
 |quote=
 |ref=
 |postscript=
 |subscription=
 |registration= }}
 
 
 
 
 
last
 
last
last2
 
 
 
 
 
editor-last
 
editor-last
editor2-last
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
url, archive-date
archive-url
url
url
 
 
 
 
 
 
required
 
required
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  • If a field name is listed in the Prerequisites column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.

Choosing between {{Cite web}} and {{Cite news}}[edit]

Before 2014, editors had to decide whether to use {{Cite web}} or {{Cite news}} based on their features. In 2014, most of the differences between the two templates were eliminated.

As of 29 July 2016, {{Cite web}} and {{Cite news}} have the following differences:

But given the same set of valid parameters, their output is exactly the same:

Cite web: Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). "Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows". Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
Cite news: Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). "Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows". Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved May 26, 2015.

Examples[edit]

  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |publisher=Open Publishing |date=April 30, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=June 16, 2021}}
Doe, John (April 30, 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=16 June 2021}}
Doe, John (30 April 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |date=2005-04-30 |access-date=2021-06-16}}
Doe, John (2005-04-30). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Retrieved 2021-06-16.
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |access-date=16 June 2021}}
Doe, John. "My Favorite Things, Part II". Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |access-date=2021-06-16}}
"My Favorite Things, Part II". Retrieved 2021-06-16.
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.nfl.com/rulebook/digestofrules |title=Digest of Rules |publisher=National Football League |access-date=June 16, 2021}}
"Digest of Rules". National Football League. Retrieved June 16, 2021.

Using format[edit]

  • {{cite web |url=http://www.indiapost.gov.in/Pdf/Customs/List_of_Psychotropic_Substances.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |publisher=International Narcotics Control Board |format=PDF |access-date=16 June 2021}}
"List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF). International Narcotics Control Board. Retrieved 16 June 2021.

Foreign language and translated title[edit]

  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Honi soit qui mal y pense |last=Joliet |first=François |date=30 April 2005 |access-date=16 June 2021 |language=French |trans-title=Shame on those who think evil of it}}
Joliet, François (30 April 2005). "Honi soit qui mal y pense" [Shame on those who think evil of it] (in French). Retrieved 16 June 2021.

Using author-link[edit]

  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |author-link=John Doe |publisher=Open Publishing |date=April 30, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=June 16, 2021}}
Doe, John (April 30, 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Our Favourite Things |last1=Doe |first1=John |last2=Smith |first2=Peter |last3=Smythe |first3=Jim |publisher=Open Publishing |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopaedia of Things |access-date=16 June 2021}}
Doe, John; Smith, Peter; Smythe, Jim (30 April 2005). "Our Favourite Things". Encyclopaedia of Things. Open Publishing. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |publisher=Open Publishing |date=2005-04-30 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=2021-06-16}}
"Index of Sharp Things". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. 2005-04-30. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=16 June 2021}}
"Index of Sharp Things". Encyclopedia of Things. 30 April 2005. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=April 30, 2005 |access-date=June 16, 2021}}
"Index of Sharp Things". April 30, 2005. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |date=2005-04-30 |format=PDF |access-date=2021-06-16 |language=Greek}}
"List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF) (in Greek). 2005-04-30. Retrieved 2021-06-16.

Using "archive-url" and "archive-date" (and optionally "dead-url") for webpages that have been archived[edit]

By default dead-url=yes, the main link is to the archive:
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |date=2005-04-30 |format=PDF |access-date=2021-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050907150136/http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |archive-date=2005-09-07}}
"List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF). 2005-04-30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-09-07. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
With dead-url=no, the main link is to the original:
  • {{cite web |url=http://joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi?archive=currnews&story=20060405-01shore.htm |title=Interview with Maggie Downs |date=March 31, 2006 |publisher=The Desert Sun |archive-url=http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:JAxf4v-pQmgJ:joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi%3Farchive%3Dcurrnews%26story%3D20060405-01shore.htm |archive-date=April 26, 2006 |dead-url=no}}
"Interview with Maggie Downs". The Desert Sun. March 31, 2006. Archived from the original on April 26, 2006. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
With dead-url=unfit, do not show the original link:
  • {{Cite web |url=http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/03772.html |title=London, United Kingdom Forecast : Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport) |publisher=The Weather Underground |access-date=16 June 2021 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0HaAk7 |archive-date=19 May 2011 |dead-url=unfit}}
"London, United Kingdom Forecast : Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport)". The Weather Underground. Archived from the original on 19 May 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2021. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)

Using quote[edit]

  • {{cite web |url=http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/c.html |title=Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea |website=WebExhibits |year=2008 |access-date=16 June 2021 |quote=...&nbsp;Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins&nbsp;...'}}
"Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea". WebExhibits. 2008. Retrieved 16 June 2021. ... Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins ...'

Parameters[edit]

Syntax[edit]

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

  • parent
  • OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
    • child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
    • OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)
Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).

COinS[edit]

This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

  • Use |date=27 September 2007 not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example &nbsp;, &ndash;, etc, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata. Do not include Wiki markup '' (italic font) or ''' (bold font) because these markup characters will contaminate the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters[edit]

  • |periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary=
  • |chapter=, |contribution=, |entry=, |article=, |section=
  • |title=
  • |publication-place=, |publicationplace=, |place=, |location=
  • |date=, |year=, |publication-date=, |publicationdate=
  • |series=, |version=
  • |volume=
  • |issue=, |number=
  • |page=, |pages=, |at=
  • |edition=
  • |publisher=, |distributor=, |institution=
  • |url=
  • |chapter-url=, |chapterurl=, |contribution-url=, |contributionurl=, |section-url=, |sectionurl=
  • |author#=, |author-last#=, |author#-last=, |last#=, |surname#=
  • |author-first#=, |author#-first=, |first#=, |given#=
  • any of the named identifiers (|isbn=, |issn=, |doi=, |pmc=, etc)

Deprecated[edit]

None of the cs1|2 parameters is deprecated.

Description[edit]

Authors[edit]

  • last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g. |author=Bono). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1.
    • author: this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single author (first and last) or to hold the name of a corporate author. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author.
    • first: Given or first names of author; for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: given, first1, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty.
    • OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn). See the display parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use |first1=...|last1=...|author2=....
    • author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, authorlink, authorlink1, author1-link, author1link.
    • OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: authorlink1 through authorlinkn, or author1-link through authorn-link, or author1link through authornlink.
    • name-list-format: displays authors and editors in Vancouver style when set to vanc and when the list uses last/first parameters for the name list(s).
  • vauthors: comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses:
    |vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.))
    • author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in |vauthors= as described above
  • authors: Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last.
  • translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-surname, translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1.
    • translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-given, translator1-first, translator-first1.
    • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn.
    • translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link.
    • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link.
  • collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
  • others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write Illustrated by John Smith.
  • Note: When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

Title[edit]

(See also Help:Citation Style 1 §Titles and chapters.)

  • title: Title of source page on website. Displays in quotes. If script-title is defined, title holds romanized transliteration of title in script-title.
    • script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc); follows transliteration defined in title. May be prefixed with an ISO 639-1 two-character code to help browsers properly display the script:
      ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
    • trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title; trans-title is included in the link. Use of the language parameter is recommended.
Titles containing certain characters will display and link incorrectly unless those characters are encoded.
newline [ ]
space &#91; &#93; &#124;
{{bracket|text}} {{pipe}}see also Help:Table § Rendering pipe itself
This parameter is required and will generate an error if not defined. On errors, main, help and template pages are placed into Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax. Set |template-doc-demo=true to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated.
  • website: Title of website; may be wikilinked. Displays in italics. Aliases: work
  • type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source. May alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if this is not the final version of a manuscript (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, Accepted manuscript, CD liner, Press release. Alias: medium.
  • language: The language in which the source is written. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. Use the full language name or ISO 639-1 code. When the source uses more than one language, list them individually, separated by commas, e.g. |language=French, German. The use of language names or language codes recognized by Wikimedia adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources; do not use templates or wikilinks. Note: When the language is "English" (or "en"), no language is displayed in the citation. Note: When two or more languages are listed there is no need to include "and" before the last language. "and" is inserted automatically by the template.

Date[edit]

  • date: Date of source being referenced. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations. Required when year is used to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher. For acceptable date formats, see Help:Citation Style 1 § Dates.
For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900.

For no date, or "undated", add as |date=n.d.
  • year: Year of source being referenced. Use of |date= is recommended unless all of the following conditions are met:
    1. The template uses |ref=harv, or the template is {{citation}}, or |mode=cs2
    2. The |date= format is YYYY-MM-DD.
    3. The citation requires a CITEREF disambiguator.
  • orig-year: Original publication year; displays after the date or year. For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |orig-year=First published 1859 or |orig-year=Composed 1904. Alias: origyear
  • df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates. Accepts one value which may be one of these:
    dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;
    mdy – as above for month day, year format
    ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
    dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;
    mdy-all – as above for month day, year format
    ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
Cite error: <ref> tag defined in <references> has group attribute "date" which does not appear in prior text.

Publisher[edit]

  • publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title.
  • place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the location; examples: The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title. Alias: location
  • publication-place: If any one of publication-place, place, or location is defined, the location will show after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title.
  • publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if year or date are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.
  • via: Name of the content deliverer (if different from publisher). via is not a replacement for publisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer presents the source in a format other than the original (e.g. NewsBank), when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution. See also registration and subscription parameters.

Series[edit]

  • series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted.

In-source locations[edit]

  • page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Displays preceded by p. unless |nopp=y.
  • OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp. unless |nopp=y. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use |pages=3{{hyphen}}1&ndash;3{{hyphen}}15 or |at=pp. 3-1&ndash;3-15.
    • nopp: Set to y, yes, or true to suppress the p. or pp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover or |pages=passim.
  • OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |page= or |pages=. Use only one of |page=, |pages=, or |at=.
Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.

URL[edit]

  • url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=.... For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, see WP:PAGELINKS. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon.com; use |ISBN= or |OCLC= to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
    • access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see WP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers, published books, or news articles with publication dates. Note that access-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.
    • archive-url: The URL of an archived snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as Internet Archive (see Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine), WebCite (see Wikipedia:Using WebCite) and archive.is (see Wikipedia:Using archive.is); requires archive-date and url. By default (overridden by |dead-url=no) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl.
      • archive-date: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates. Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. Alias: archivedate.
      • dead-url: the default value of this optional parameter, if omitted, is |dead-url=yes; equivalent values are y or true. Ignored if archive-url is not set. When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set |dead-url=no; this changes the display order, with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting |dead-url=unfit or |dead-url=usurped suppresses display of the original URL (but |url= and |archive-url= are still required). Alias: deadurl.
    • template-doc-demo: The archive parameters will be error-checked to ensure that all the required parameters are included, or else {{citation error}} is invoked. With errors, main, help and template pages are placed into one of the subcategories of Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax. Set |template-doc-demo=true to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated. Alias: no-cat.
  • format: Format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. (For media format, use type.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. Automatically added when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add format information for the visually impaired.
URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto: and news: may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.
If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:
sp " ' < > [ ] { | }
%20 %22 %27 %3c %3e %5b %5d %7b %7c %7d
Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.
Cite error: <ref> tag defined in <references> has group attribute "date" which does not appear in prior text.

Anchor[edit]

Identifiers[edit]

  • id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use a template as applicable. For example, |id=NCJ 122967 will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as |id={{NCJ|122967}} to append NCJ 122967 instead.

These identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. rfc=822 or pmc=345678.

  • arxiv: arXiv identifier; for example: arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or arxiv=0706.0001 (April 2007 – December 2014) or arxiv=1501.00001 (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html".
  • asin: Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character of asin value is a digit, use isbn. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example asin=B00005N5PF
    • asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: au, br, ca, cn, co.jp, co.uk, de, es, fr, it, mx
  • bibcode: Bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 1974AJ.....79..819H
  • biorxiv: bioRxiv id, a 6-digit number at the end of the biorXiv URL (e.g. 078733 for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://dx.doi.org/10.1101/078733)
  • citeseerx: CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g. 10.1.1.176.341 for http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341 )
  • doi: Digital object identifier; for example: 10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.).
    • doi-broken-date: Date the DOI was found to be non-working at https://dx.doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Alias: doi-inactive-date
  • eissn: International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example eissn=1557-2986 Alias: EISSN
  • hdl: Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example hdl=20.1000/100 Alias: HDL
  • isbn: International Standard Book Number; for example: 978-0-8126-9593-9. (See Wikipedia:ISBN and ISBN § Overview.) Dashes in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, prefix the number with a zero; thus, SBN 902888-45-5 should be entered as |isbn=0-902888-45-5. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Alias: ISBN
  • ismn: International Standard Music Number; for example: 979-0-9016791-7-7. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Alias: ISMN
  • issn: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example issn=2049-3630 Alias: ISSN
  • jfm: Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik; example jfm=53.0144.01
  • jstor: JSTOR reference number; for example: jstor=3793107 will generate JSTOR 3793107.
  • lccn: Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case; example lccn=2004042477
  • mr: Mathematical Reviews; example mr=630583
  • oclc: OCLC; WorldCat's Online Computer Library Center; example oclc=9355469
  • ol: Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example ol=7030731M
  • osti: Office of Scientific and Technical Information; example osti=4367507
  • pmc: PubMed Central; use article number for full-text free repository of a journal article, e.g. pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value. See also the pmid parameter, below; these are two different identifiers.
    • embargo: Date that pmc goes live; if this date is in the future, then pmc is not linked until that date.
  • pmid: PubMed; use unique identifier; example pmid=17322060 See also the pmc parameter, above; these are two different identifiers.
  • rfc: Request for Comments; example rfc=3143
  • ssrn: Social Science Research Network; example ssrn=1900856
  • zbl: Zentralblatt MATH; example zbl=0472.53010

Quote[edit]

  • quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation.

Editors[edit]

  • editor-last: Surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor-last1, editor1-last, editor-surname, editor-surname1, editor1-surname, editor, editor1.
    • editor: this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor.
    • editor-first: Given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor-first1, editor1-first, editor-given, editor-given1, editor1-given.
    • OR: for multiple editors, use editor-last1, editor-first1 through editor-lastn, editor-firstn (Aliases: editorn-last, editor-surnamen or editorn-surname; editorn-first, editor-givenn or editorn-given; editorn). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use |editor-first1=...|editor-last1=... |editor2=....
  • editor-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor-link1.
  • OR: for multiple editors, use editor-link1 through editor-linkn (alias editorn-link).
  • name-list-format: displays authors and editors in Vancouver style when set to vanc and when the list uses last/first parameters for the name list(s)
  • veditors: comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses:
    |veditors=Smythe JB ((Megabux Corp.))
  • editor-linkn and editor-maskn may be used for the individual names in |veditors=, as described above
  • editors: Free-form list of editor names; use of this parameter is discouraged; not an alias of editor-last
Display:
Use display-editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.
If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.
If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."

Laysummary[edit]

  • lay-url: URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary". Aliases: lay-summary, laysummary.
    • lay-source: Name of the source of the laysummary. Displays in italics and preceded by an endash. Alias: laysource.
    • lay-date: Date of the summary. Displays in parentheses. Alias: laydate.

Display options[edit]

  • mode: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For |mode=cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For |mode=cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation use postscript.
  • author-mask: Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text. Set author-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set author-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". You must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. You can also use editor-mask and translator-mask in the same way.
  • display-authors: Controls the number of author names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of authors, set display-authors to the desired number. For example, |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation. By default, all authors are displayed. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: displayauthors.
  • display-editors: Controls the number of editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of editors, set display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors in a citation. By default, all editors are displayed. |display-editors=etal displays all editors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: displayeditors.
  • last-author-amp: Switches the separator between the last two names of the author list to space ampersand space ( & ) when set to y, yes, or true. Example: |last-author-amp=yes
  • postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Ignored if quote is defined.

Subscription or registration required[edit]

Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented in Verifiability – Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors can signal the access restrictions of the external links included in a citation.

Four access levels can be used:

As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, these values are attributed to a particular external link.

Access level of |url=[edit]

Links inserted with |url= are expected to be free to read by default. If not, editors can use one of

  • |url-access=subscription
  • |url-access=registration
  • |url-access=limited

to indicate the relevant access restriction.

Access level of identifiers[edit]

Links inserted by identifiers such as |doi= are not expected to offer a free full text by default. If they do, editors can use |doi-access=free (in the case of |doi=) to indicate the relevant access level. The following identifiers are supported:

  • |bibcode= with |bibcode-access=free
  • |doi= with |doi-access=free
  • |hdl= with |hdl-access=free
  • |jstor= with |jstor-access=free
  • |ol= with |ol-access=free
  • |osti= with |osti-access=free

Some identifiers always link to free full texts. In this case, the access level is automatically indicated by the template. This is the case for |arxiv=, |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |pmc=, |rfc= and |ssrn=.

Ambiguous access parameters[edit]

The parameters |registration=yes and |subscription=yes can also be used to indicate the access level of a citation. However, they do not indicate which link they apply to, so editors are encouraged to use |url-access=registration and |url-access=subscription instead, when the restriction applies to |url=. If the restriction applies to an identifier, these parameters should be omitted.

These parameters add a link note to the end of the citation:

  • registration: For online sources that require registration, set |registration=yes (or y, or true); superseded by subscription if both are set.
  • subscription: For online sources that require a subscription, set |subscription=yes (or y, or true); supersedes registration if both are set.

Setting |registration= or |subscription= to any value other than y, yes, or true will generate an error message.

TemplateData[edit]

This is the TemplateData documentation for this template used by VisualEditor and other tools; see the monthly parameter usage report for this template.

TemplateData for Cite web

<templatedata> { "description": "Formats a citation to a website using the provided information such as URL and title. Used only for sources that are not correctly described by the specific citation templates for books, journals, news sources, etc.", "params": { "url": { "label": "URL", "description": "The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type \"http://...\" or maybe even the  protocol relative scheme \"//...\"", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "URL" ], "required": true, "example": "https://www.metacritic.com//..." }, "title": { "label": "Title", "description": "The title of the source page on the website; will display with quotation marks added. Usually found at the top of you web browser. Not the name of the website.", "type": "string", "required": true }, "date": { "label": "Source date", "description": "Full date when the source was published; if unknown, use access-date instead; do not wikilink", "type": "date", "suggested": true }, "access-date": { "label": "URL access date", "description": "The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink", "type": "date", "aliases": [ "accessdate" ], "suggested": true }, "website": { "label": "Website", "description": "Name of the website; may be wikilinked; will display in italics. Having both 'Publisher' and 'Website' is redundant in most cases", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "work" ], "suggested": true, "example": "Rotten Tomatoes" }, "publisher": { "label": "Publisher", "description": "Name of the publisher; may be wikilinked. Having both 'Publisher' and 'Website' is redundant in most cases. ", "type": "string", "example": "\"CBS Interactive\" which owns \"Metacritic.com\"" }, "last": { "label": "Last name", "description": "The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors", "aliases": [ "last1", "author", "author1", "author1-last", "author-last", "surname1", "author-last1", "subject1", "surname", "author-last", "subject" ], "type": "line", "suggested": true }, "first": { "label": "First name", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors", "aliases": [ "given", "author-first", "first1", "given1", "author-first1", "author1-first" ], "type": "line", "suggested": true }, "authorlink": { "label": "Author link", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author-link", "subjectlink", "subject-link", "authorlink1", "author-link1", "author1-link", "subjectlink1", "author1link", "subject-link1", "subject1-link", "subject1link" ] }, "last2": { "label": "Last name 2", "description": "The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "author2" ] }, "first2": { "label": "First name 2", "type": "line", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink." }, "authorlink2": { "label": "Author link 2", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author2-link" ] }, "others": { "label": "Others", "description": "Used to record other (non-author) contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'. Only one others parameter is allowed: e.g., 'Illustrated by Jane Doe; Translated by John Smith'", "type": "string" }, "year": { "label": "Year of publication", "description": "Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known", "type": "string" }, "orig-year": { "label": "Original year", "description": "Original year of publication; provide specifics", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "origyear" ] }, "editor-last": { "label": "Editor last name", "description": "The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "editor1-last", "editor", "editors" ] }, "editor-first": { "label": "Editor first name", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "editor1-first" ] }, "editor-link": { "label": "Editor link", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors", "aliases": [ "editor1-link" ], "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "series": { "label": "Series identifier", "description": "Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal", "type": "string" }, "location": { "label": "Location of publication", "description": "Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place'", "type": "string" }, "publication-place": { "label": "Place of publication", "description": "Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'", "type": "string" }, "publication-date": { "label": "Publication date", "description": "Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink", "type": "string" }, "page": { "label": "Page", "description": "Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'", "type": "string" }, "pages": { "label": "Pages", "description": "Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.'", "type": "string" }, "nopp": { "label": "No pp", "description": "Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')", "type": "string" }, "at": { "label": "At", "description": "May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient", "type": "string" }, "language": { "label": "Language", "description": "The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates", "type": "string" }, "script-title": { "label": "Script title", "description": "For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:...", "type": "string" }, "trans-title": { "label": "Translated title", "description": "An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "trans_title" ] }, "type": { "label": "Type", "description": "Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case", "type": "string" }, "format": { "label": "Format", "description": "Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML", "type": "string" }, "arxiv": { "label": "arXiv identifier", "description": "An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers", "type": "string" }, "asin": { "label": "ASIN", "description": "Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters", "type": "string" }, "asin-tld": { "label": "ASIN TLD", "description": "ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US", "type": "string" }, "bibcode": { "label": "Bibcode", "description": "Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters", "type": "string" }, "biorxiv": { "label": "biorXiv", "description": "biorXiv identifier; 6 digits", "type": "line" }, "citeseerx": { "label": "CiteSeerX", "description": "CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter", "type": "line" }, "doi": { "label": "DOI", "description": "Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'", "type": "string" }, "doi-broken-date": { "label": "DOI broken date", "description": "The date that the DOI was determined to be broken", "type": "string" }, "isbn": { "label": "ISBN", "description": "International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible", "type": "string" }, "issn": { "label": "ISSN", "description": "International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen", "type": "string" }, "jfm": { "label": "jfm code", "description": "Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code", "type": "string" }, "jstor": { "label": "JSTOR", "description": "JSTOR identifier", "type": "string" }, "lccn": { "label": "LCCN", "description": "Library of Congress Control Number", "type": "string" }, "mr": { "label": "MR", "description": "Mathematical Reviews identifier", "type": "string" }, "oclc": { "label": "OCLC", "description": "Online Computer Library Center number", "type": "string" }, "ol": { "label": "OL", "description": "Open Library identifier", "type": "string" }, "osti": { "label": "OSTI", "description": "Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier", "type": "string" }, "pmc": { "label": "PMC", "description": "PubMed Center article number", "type": "string" }, "pmid": { "label": "PMID", "description": "PubMed Unique Identifier", "type": "string" }, "rfc": { "label": "RFC", "description": "Request for Comments number", "type": "string" }, "ssrn": { "label": "SSRN", "description": "Social Science Research Network", "type": "string" }, "zbl": { "label": "Zbl", "description": "Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier", "type": "string" }, "id": { "label": "id", "description": "A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable", "type": "string" }, "archive-url": { "label": "Archive URL", "aliases": [ "archiveurl" ], "description": "The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'", "type": "string", "suggested": true }, "archive-date": { "label": "Archive date", "aliases": [ "archivedate" ], "description": "Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink", "type": "string", "suggested": true }, "dead-url": { "label": "Dead URL", "aliases": [ "deadurl" ], "description": "If set to 'no', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live", "type": "string", "suggested": true }, "quote": { "label": "Quote", "description": "Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; must include terminating punctuation", "type": "string" }, "ref": { "label": "Ref", "description": "An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv template", "type": "string" }, "separator": { "label": "Separator", "description": "The punctuation used to separate lists of authors, editors, etc.; a space must be encoded as do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark", "type": "string", "default": "." }, "postscript": { "label": "Postscript", "description": "The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined", "type": "string", "default": "." }, "layurl": { "label": "Lay URL", "description": "URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; alias of 'laysummary'", "type": "string" }, "laysource": { "label": "Lay source", "description": "Name of the source of the laysummary; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash", "type": "string" }, "laydate": { "label": "Lay date", "description": "Date of the summary; displays in parentheses", "type": "string" }, "author-mask": { "label": "Author mask", "description": "Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead", "type": "string" }, "last3": { "label": "Last name 3", "description": "The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink3'.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "author3" ] }, "first3": { "label": "First name 3", "type": "line", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink." }, "authorlink3": { "label": "Author link 3", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author3-link" ] }, "last4": { "label": "Last name 4", "description": "The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink4'.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "author4" ] }, "first4": { "label": "First name 4", "type": "line", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink." }, "authorlink4": { "label": "Author link 4", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author4-link" ] }, "last5": { "label": "Last name 5", "description": "The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink5'.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "author5" ] }, "first5": { "label": "First name 5", "type": "line", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink." }, "authorlink5": { "label": "Author link 5", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author5-link" ] }, "last6": { "label": "Last name 6", "description": "The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink6'.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "author6" ] }, "first6": { "label": "First name 6", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "author6-link" ] }, "authorlink6": { "label": "Author link 6", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "last7": { "label": "Last name 7", "description": "The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink7'.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "author7" ] }, "first7": { "label": "First name 7", "type": "line", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink." }, "authorlink7": { "label": "Author link 7", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author7-link" ] }, "last8": { "label": "Last name 8", "description": "The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink8'.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "author8" ] }, "first8": { "label": "First name 8", "type": "line", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink." }, "authorlink8": { "label": "Author link 8", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author8-link" ] }, "last9": { "label": "Last name 9", "description": "The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "author9" ] }, "first9": { "label": "First name 9", "type": "line", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink." }, "authorlink9": { "label": "Author link 9", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author9-link" ] }, "author-name-separator": { "label": "Author name separator", "description": "Changes the separator between last and first names; defaults to a comma and space; a space must be encoded as do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark", "type": "string", "default": ", " }, "author-separator": { "label": "Author separator", "description": "Changes the separator between authors; defaults to a semicolon and space; a space must be encoded as do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark", "type": "string", "default": "; " }, "display-authors": { "label": "Display authors", "description": "Number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used; default is to do so after 8 of 9 are listed.", "type": "number", "default": "8", "aliases": [ "displayauthors" ] }, "lastauthoramp": { "label": "Last author ampersand", "description": "When set to any value, changes the separator between the last two names of the author list to 'space ampersand space'", "type": "string" }, "editor2-last": { "label": "Editor last name 2", "description": "The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'.", "aliases": [ "editor2" ], "type": "line" }, "editor2-first": { "label": "Editor first name 2", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink.", "type": "line" }, "editor3-last": { "label": "Editor last name 3", "description": "The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'.", "aliases": [ "editor3" ], "type": "line" }, "editor3-first": { "label": "Editor first name 3", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink.", "type": "line" }, "editor4-last": { "label": "Editor last name 4", "description": "The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'.", "aliases": [ "editor4" ], "type": "line" }, "editor4-first": { "label": "Editor first name 4", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink.", "type": "line" }, "editor5-last": { "label": "Editor last name 5", "description": "The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'.", "aliases": [ "editor5" ], "type": "line" }, "editor5-first": { "label": "Editor first name 5", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink.", "type": "line" }, "editor6-last": { "label": "Editor last name 6", "description": "The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'.", "aliases": [ "editor6" ], "type": "line" }, "editor6-first": { "label": "Editor first name 6", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink.", "type": "line" }, "editor7-last": { "label": "Editor last name 7", "description": "The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'.", "aliases": [ "editor7" ], "type": "line" }, "editor7-first": { "label": "Editor first name 7", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink.", "type": "line" }, "editor8-last": { "label": "Editor last name 8", "description": "The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'.", "aliases": [ "editor8" ], "type": "line" }, "editor8-first": { "label": "Editor first name 8", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink.", "type": "line" }, "editor9-last": { "label": "Editor last name 9", "description": "The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'.", "aliases": [ "editor9" ], "type": "line" }, "editor9-first": { "label": "Editor first name 9", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink.", "type": "line" }, "editor2-link": { "label": "Editor link 2", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "editor2link", "editorlink2" ] }, "editor3-link": { "label": "Editor link 3", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "editor3link", "editorlink3" ] }, "editor4-link": { "label": "Editor link 4", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "editor4link", "editorlink4" ] }, "editor5-link": { "label": "Editor link 5", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "editor5link", "editorlink5" ] }, "editor6-link": { "label": "Editor link 6", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "editor6link", "editorlink6" ] }, "editor7-link": { "label": "Editor link 7", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "editor7link", "editorlink7" ] }, "editor8-link": { "label": "Editor link 8", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "editor8link", "editorlink8" ] }, "editor9-link": { "label": "Editor link 9", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "editor9link", "editorlink9" ] }, "subscription": { "label": "Subscription required", "description": "When set to yes, displays “(subscription required)” to indicate an online source that requires subscription", "type": "string" }, "registration": { "label": "Registration required", "description": "When set to yes, displays “(registration required)” to indicate an online source that requires registration", "type": "string" }, "edition": { "label": "Edition", "type": "string", "description": "Specify the edition or revision of the source, when applicable. For example: '2nd' or '5.1'. What you supply here is suffixed by ' ed.'" }, "url-access": { "label": "URL access level", "description": "Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')", "type": "string" }, "bibcode-access": { "label": "Bibcode access level", "description": "If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.", "type": "string" }, "doi-access": { "label": "DOI access level", "description": "If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'.", "type": "string" }, "hdl-access": { "label": "HDL access level", "description": "If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.", "type": "string" }, "jstor-access": { "label": "Jstor access level", "description": "If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.", "type": "string" }, "ol-access": { "label": "OpenLibrary access level", "description": "If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'.", "type": "string" }, "osti-access": { "label": "OSTI access level", "description": "If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'.", "type": "string" }, "authors": { "label": "Authors list", "description": "List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, \"lastn\" to \"firstn\" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "people", "host", "credits" ] }, "via": { "label": "Published via", "description": "Name of the entity hosting the original copy of the work, if different from the publisher. This entity is committed not to alter the work. GitHub, SourceForge, CodePlex, YouTube, Vimeo, Dailymotion and Netflix are examples of service dedicated to acting on behalf of the publisher, but Archive.org, Wikimedia Commons and grc.com have done this on certain occasions.", "example": "\"GitHub\", which hosts \"Visual Studio Code\" on behalf of \"Microsoft\"", "type": "string" } }, "maps": { "proveit": { "main": "title", "textarea": [ "quote" ] }, "citoid": { "title": "title", "url": "url", "subject": "title", "publicationTitle": "website", "blogTitle": "website", "forumTitle": "website", "seriesTitle": "website", "websiteTitle": "website", "publisher": "publisher", "date": "date", "PMCID": "pmc", "PMID": "pmid", "oclc": "oclc", "pages": "pages", "series": "series", "accessDate": "access-date", "DOI": "doi", "language": "language", "contributor": "others", "author": [ [ "first", "last" ], [ "first2", "last2" ], [ "first3", "last3" ], [ "first4", "last4" ], [ "first5", "last5" ], [ "first6", "last6" ], [ "first7", "last7" ], [ "first8", "last8" ], [ "first9", "last9" ] ], "editor": [ [ "editor-first", "editor-last" ], [ "editor2-first", "editor2-last" ], [ "editor3-first", "editor3-last" ], [ "editor4-first", "editor4-last" ], [ "editor5-first", "editor5-last" ], [ "editor6-first", "editor6-last" ], [ "editor7-first", "editor7-last" ], [ "editor8-first", "editor8-last" ], [ "editor9-first", "editor9-last" ] ] } }, "paramOrder": [ "url", "title", "last", "first", "authorlink", "authors", "last2", "first2", "authorlink2", "date", "year", "editor-last", "editor-first", "editor-link", "editor2-last", "editor2-first", "editor2-link", "website", "series", "publisher", "location", "page", "pages", "at", "language", "script-title", "trans-title", "type", "format", "others", "orig-year", "publication-place", "publication-date", "via", "nopp", "arxiv", "asin", "asin-tld", "bibcode", "biorxiv", "citeseerx", "doi", "doi-broken-date", "isbn", "issn", "jfm", "jstor", "lccn", "mr", "oclc", "ol", "osti", "pmc", "pmid", "rfc", "ssrn", "zbl", "id", "url-access", "archive-url", "archive-date", "dead-url", "access-date", "quote", "ref", "postscript", "subscription", "registration", "separator", "layurl", "laysource", "laydate", "author-mask", "last3", "first3", "authorlink3", "last4", "first4", "authorlink4", "last5", "first5", "authorlink5", "last6", "first6", "authorlink6", "last7", "first7", "authorlink7", "last8", "first8", "authorlink8", "last9", "first9", "authorlink9", "author-name-separator", "author-separator", "display-authors", "lastauthoramp", "editor3-last", "editor3-first", "editor3-link", "editor4-last", "editor4-first", "editor4-link", "editor5-last", "editor5-first", "editor5-link", "editor6-last", "editor6-first", "editor6-link", "editor7-last", "editor7-first", "editor7-link", "editor8-last", "editor8-first", "editor8-link", "editor9-last", "editor9-first", "editor9-link", "edition", "bibcode-access", "doi-access", "hdl-access", "jstor-access", "ol-access", "osti-access" ], "format": "inline" } </templatedata>

See also[edit]

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