Besides gaining reputation with your questions and answers, you receive badges for being especially helpful. Badges appear on your profile page, flair, and your posts.

Question Badges

Question favorited by 100 users
14 awarded
Question score of 100 or more
13 awarded
Asked a question with 10,000 views
163 awarded

Answer Badges

Answer score of 100 or more
19 awarded
Highest scoring answer that outscored an accepted answer with score of more than 10 by more than 2x
17 awarded
Provided answer of +20 score to a question of -5 score
Zero score accepted answers: more than 10 and 25% of total

Participation Badges

Visited the site each day for 100 consecutive days
112 awarded
Earned 200 daily reputation 150 times

Tag Badges

You must have a total score of 1000 in at least 200 non-community wiki answers to achieve this badge.
1 awarded

Moderation Badges

Raised 500 helpful flags
1 awarded
Served as a pro-tem moderator for at least 1 year or through site graduation
3 awarded
Served as an elected moderator for at least 1 year
3 awarded
Completed at least 1,000 review tasks. This badge is awarded once per review type
4 awarded
Edited 500 posts
3 awarded
Voted on 600 questions and 25% or more of total votes are on questions
25 awarded

Other Badges

Shared a link to a question that was visited by 1000 unique IP addresses
3 awarded
http://gamedev.stackexchange.com/help/badges?tab=General&filter=gold
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