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Open Archives Initiative Object Re-Use & Exchange

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Open Archives Initiative Object Re-Use & Exchange

  1. 1. Open Archives Initiative Object Re-Use & Exchange Herbert Van de Sompel (1) & Carl Lagoze (2) Acknowledgments Michael L. Nelson (3) (1) Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team, Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory herbertv@lanl.gov http://public.lanl.gov/herbertv (2) Information Science, Cornell University (3) Computer Science, Old Dominion University ORE is supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation with additional support of the National Science Foundation OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  2. 2. General information about OAI-ORE OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  3. 3. OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange • OAI-ORE is a new interoperability effort conducted under the umbrella of the OAI • Supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; additional support from the National Science Foundation • International effort; October 2006 - September 2008: o Coordinators: Carl Lagoze & Herbert Van de Sompel o ORE Technical Committee: 13 international members o ORE Liaison Group: 8 international members o ORE Advisory Committee: 16 international members o Representing: scholarly publishers and aggregators, eScience, eHumanities, education, search engines, various repository systems, digital library efforts, related standardization efforts, etc. • See http://www.openarchives.org/ore/ OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  4. 4. OAI is not just about metadata anymore OAI-PMH OAI-ORE Repository structure Object structure Repository centric Web centric Metadata centric Resource centric Metadata harvesting Object re-use (obtain, harvest, register) OAI-PMH and OAI-ORE are complimentary; o you can do one without the other o you can do them together OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  5. 5. Context of OAI-ORE Standards & Protocols OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  6. 6. An Early Formulation of the Problem • First noticed in how people would populate their Dublin Core records o people need the HTML splash page o crawlers need the PDF file • Ad-hoc conventions and methods used to expose the repository’s knowledge about the structure of the object • Next three slides taken from “Resource Harvesting Within the OAI-PMH Framework” o http://www.dlib.org//dlib/december04/vandesompel/12vandesompel.html OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  7. 7. Dublin Core Encoding Type 1 <oai_dc:dc> <dc:title>A Simple Parallel-Plate Resonator Technique for Microwave. Characterization of Thin Resistive Films</dc:title> <dc:creator>Vorobiev, A.</dc:creator> <dc:subject>ING-INF/01 Elettronica</dc:subject> <dc:description>A parallel-plate resonator method is proposed for non-destructive characterisation of resistive films used in microwave integrated circuits. A slot made in one ... </dc:description> <dc:publisher>Microwave engineering Europe</dc:publisher> <dc:date>2002</dc:date> <dc:type>Documento relativo ad una Conferenza o altro Evento</dc:type> <dc:type>PeerReviewed</dc:type> <dc:identifier>http://amsacta.cib.unibo.it/archive/00000014/</dc:identifier> <dc:format>pdf http://amsacta.cib.unibo.it/archive/00000014/01/GaAs_1_Vorobiev.pdf </dc:format> </oai_dc:dc> splash page locator of resource OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  8. 8. Dublin Core Encoding Type 2 … <dc:identifier>http://amsacta.cib.unibo.it/archive/00000014/</dc:identifier> <dc:relation> http://amsacta.cib.unibo.it/archive/00000014/01/GaAs_1_Vorobiev.pdf </dc:relation> … splash page locator of resource OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  9. 9. Dublin Core Encoding Type 3 … <dc:identifier>http://amsacta.cib.unibo.it/archive/00000014/</dc:identifier> <dc:relation> http://resolver.unibo.it/00000014/ </dc:relation> <dc:relation> http://amsacta.cib.unibo.it/archive/00000014/01/GaAs_1_Vorobiev.pdf </dc:relation> … splash page locator of resource splash page OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  10. 10. And more recently … “Are repositories successfully exposing the full-text of articles (the PDF file or whatever) to Google rather than (or as well as) the abstract page?” “Are we consistent in the way we create hypertext links between research papers in repositories?” (from Andy Powell’s eFoundations blog) OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  11. 11. As the objects get more complex, things get worse Rather than continue down that path, let’s back up and restart… OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  12. 12. Compound Information Objects Units of scholarly communication are compound information objects: id Identified, bounded aggregations of related information units that form a logical whole. Components of compound object may vary according to: o Semantic type: book, article, moving image, dataset, … compound o Media type: PDF, HTML, JPEG, MP3, . information o Internal relationship: parts, views, … objects o External relationships OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  13. 13. Scholarly Examples http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/lagoze01open.html http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0611775 OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  14. 14. And more scholarly examples … • Scholarly publication with an article and supporting information including dataset, video, etc. • Digitized book with multiple chapters, each chapter containing multiple scanned pages. • Archaeological assemblies of images, maps, charts, and find lists. • An ARTstor image object that is the aggregation of various renderings of the same source image. • … OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  15. 15. But these things are not only scholarly … http://www.flickr.com/photos/midwestmike/sets/72157600079446339/ OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  16. 16. Access Repositories Compound objects are made accessible by a variety of scholarly repositories: • Institutional repositories • Discipline-oriented repositories • Publisher repositories • Dataset repositories • Cultural heritage repositories • Learning object repositories • Digitized book and manuscript collections • Research-group and managed personal (ePortfolio) repositories • … OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  17. 17. Access Repositories Repositories expose compound objects in manners specific to the repository architecture: • Interfaces (API & user-oriented) • Identification schemes • Representation of compound objects • Publication of compound objects and components to the Web OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  18. 18. OAI-ORE Standards Protocols Systems that manage Systems that leverage digital objects managed digital objects • Institutional repositories • All repositories from left • Discipline-oriented repositories column • Publisher repositories • Search engines • Dataset repositories • Authoring tools • Cultural heritage repositories • Citation management tools • Learning object repositories • Collaborative environments • Digitized book and manuscript • Social network applications collections • Image repositories • Graph analysis tools • … • Preservation services • Workflow tools • … OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  19. 19. OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange • Develop, identify, and profile extensible standards and protocols to allow repositories, agents, and services to interoperate in the context of use and reuse of compound digital objects beyond the boundaries of the holding repositories. • Aim for more effective and consistent ways: o to facilitate discovery of these objects, o to reference (link to) these objects (and parts thereof), o to obtain a variety of disseminations of these objects, o to aggregate and disaggregate these objects, o Enable processing by automated agents OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  20. 20. Taking the Web perspective OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  21. 21. Working with the web architecture • Whatever we do must be congruent with the web architecture o Use existing capabilities where they are appropriate o Cleanly layer capabilities meeting the needs of our problem space • Provide the infrastructure for web-based information systems that exploit/enhance and therefore overlay on the existing web. OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  22. 22. W3C Web Architecture Representation 2 URI Represents Identifies Resource Content Negotiation Represents Representation 1 OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  23. 23. W3C Web Architecture: more details Aggregation: Resource: • No standard • First-class way to describe object finite set of • Linkable resources and relationships Relationship: • Usually untyped • Link type ontologies not-standardized Representation: • Second-class object (identified only in context of resource) • Not linkable • Many representations/resource OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  24. 24. Compound Object Article in PDF astro-ph/0611775 Article in PS id Splash page in HTML Metadata in DC Multiple Views, diverging in media-type, format, and content-type OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  25. 25. More complexity … boundary, logical unit Article in PDF astro-ph/0611775 Article in PS id Splash page in HTML Metadata in DC ha sP art local, ha id sR remote el a tio ns hi pT o id lineage, version, citation, etc. OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  26. 26. Compound Object Article in PDF astro-ph/0611775 Article in PS id Splash page in HTML Metadata in DC Let’s publish it to the Web OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  27. 27. http://arxiv.org/astro-ph/0611775/article/ Article in PDF Resource 1 Article in PS http://arxiv.org/astro-ph/0611775/splash/ Resource 2 Splash page in HTML http://arxiv.org/astro-ph/0611775/meta/DC/ DC meta XML Resource 3 DC meta HTML OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  28. 28. Compound Object published to the Web “Are repositories successfully exposing the full-text of articles (the PDF file or whatever) to Google rather than (or as well as) the abstract page?” o Discovery: How does Google find all these resources that originate from the same digital object? o Boundary: How does Google know these resources originate in the same digital object? OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  29. 29. Compound Object published to the Web “Are we consistent in the way we create hypertext links between research papers in repositories?” o Citation: Which Resource to link to? o Citation: How to reference the PDF version (and not the PS version)? OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  30. 30. Thoughts about a possible approach OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  31. 31. Observation 1 Components of a compound object must be published as resources in order to be reference-able OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  32. 32. Observation 2 The object “as such” (boundary, structure, relationships) is invisible to Web applications OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  33. 33. Observation 2 bis How about publishing a resource that makes a Resource Map available that formally expresses the boundaries of the object? Machine readable Resource Map OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  34. 34. Observation 3 And now facilitate discovery of the Resource Map (and hence of the compound object) by Web applications HTTP LINK HEADER OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  35. 35. Observation 3 bis Through the Resource Map, the Web application sees the compound object OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  36. 36. Observation 4 Resource Maps reveal compound objects in the Web graph OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  37. 37. Resource Map available from ORE resource • Expresses an aggregation of resources and relationships in a machine-readable manner. • Describes a graph: o finite set of resources and relationships among the resources o relationships among resources that are members of the aggregation and & resources are external to the aggregation • Can be used to express: o Our scholarly compound objects o Whichever aggregation of resources and relationships • Having a standardized format for Resource Maps opens the door to “graph publishing” (cf. Semantic Web notion). OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  38. 38. Use and Re-Use enabled by the ORE resource • ORE resource has a URI: HTTPORE • HTTPORE identifies a graph (cf. Semantic Web notion Named Graph) • The Resource Map is available via HTTP GET on HTTPORE • HTTPORE can become the key for object re-use: Obtain, Harvest, Register (cf. Web 2.0 mash-up) • What is being transferred across systems is initially HTTPORE and/or the associated Resource Map. OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  39. 39. So, where does ORE stand? OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  40. 40. OAI-ORE : Current Status • Ongoing definition of the ORE framework o Reach joint problem statement o Issues regarding identification o Model for ORE resource o Publishing ORE resources to the Web o Discovering ORE resources • Review of appropriate technologies for ORE Model and Resource Map o ATOM o DID/DIDL, IMS/CP, METS, Ramlet o RDF, RDF/XML o Dublin Core Abstract Model o … OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  41. 41. OAI-ORE : Current Status • Explore demonstrators using these concepts in preparation of May 2007 ORE Technical Committee meeting • Post May 2007 meeting: o Hopefully work towards alpha specs for ORE resource, Resource Map, discovery of ORE resource o Experimentation with alpha specs OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  42. 42. OAI-ORE : Afterwards • Look into core services Obtain, Harvest, Register, in terms of ORE resource and Resource Map. • Note: o It is expected that the result of ORE will largely be an aggregation of (profiles of) existing standards/specifications, not a from-scratch specification (cf. OAI-PMH). OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel
  43. 43. Questions Further information http://www.openarchives.org/ore/ OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI5, CERN, Switzerland, April 18th 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel

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