metadata

license: cc-by-4.0
task_categories:
  - translation
pretty_name: Smol
size_categories:
  - 10K<n<100K
language:
  - aa
  - ab
  - ace
  - ach
  - ady
  - aeb
  - af
  - ahr
  - aii
  - ak
  - alz
  - am
  - apc
  - apd
  - ar
  - arn
  - arz
  - as
  - av
  - awa
  - ay
  - ayl
  - ba
  - bal
  - ban
  - bbc
  - bci
  - bem
  - ber
  - bew
  - bfq
  - bfy
  - bgq
  - bho
  - bik
  - bjn
  - bm
  - bns
  - bo
  - br
  - bra
  - brx
  - bts
  - btx
  - bua
  - bug
  - ccp
  - ce
  - cgg
  - ch
  - chk
  - chm
  - ckb
  - cnh
  - crh
  - crs
  - ctg
  - cv
  - dhd
  - din
  - doi
  - dov
  - dv
  - dyu
  - dz
  - ee
  - efi
  - en
  - es
  - fa
  - ff
  - fj
  - fo
  - fon
  - fr
  - fur
  - gaa
  - gn
  - gom
  - grt
  - ha
  - hi
  - hil
  - hne
  - hoc
  - hrx
  - iba
  - ig
  - ilo
  - iso
  - iu
  - jam
  - kaa
  - kac
  - kbd
  - kek
  - kfy
  - kg
  - kha
  - ki
  - kl
  - kr
  - kri
  - kru
  - ks
  - ktu
  - kv
  - lep
  - lg
  - li
  - lif
  - lij
  - lmo
  - ln
  - ltg
  - lu
  - lua
  - luo
  - lus
  - mad
  - mag
  - mai
  - mak
  - mam
  - meo
  - mfe
  - mg
  - mh
  - min
  - mjl
  - mni
  - mos
  - ms
  - mtr
  - mwr
  - nd
  - ndc
  - ne
  - new
  - nhe
  - noe
  - nr
  - nso
  - nus
  - nv
  - ny
  - oc
  - om
  - os
  - pa
  - pag
  - pam
  - pap
  - pcm
  - pt
  - qu
  - quc
  - rhg
  - rn
  - rom
  - rw
  - sa
  - sah
  - sat
  - scl
  - scn
  - sd
  - se
  - sg
  - sgj
  - shn
  - sjp
  - skr
  - sn
  - so
  - spv
  - ss
  - st
  - sus
  - sw
  - syl
  - szl
  - tcy
  - tet
  - ti
  - tiv
  - tn
  - to
  - tpi
  - trp
  - ts
  - tum
  - ty
  - tyv
  - udm
  - unr
  - ve
  - vec
  - war
  - wbr
  - wo
  - xh
  - xnr
  - xsr
  - yo
  - yua
  - yue
  - zap
  - zh
  - zu
  - zza
configs:
  - config_name: smolsent__en_es
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_es.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_qu
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_qu.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ay
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ay.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_gn
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_gn.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_bo
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_bo.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_brx
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_brx.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_pa-Arab
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_pa-Arab.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_sat-Latn
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_sat-Latn.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_sat
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_sat.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_sa
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_sa.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ks
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ks.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ks-Deva
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ks-Deva.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_yue
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_yue.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_lus
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_lus.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ff
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ff.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_kl
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_kl.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_mni-Mtei
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_mni-Mtei.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_af
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_af.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_am
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_am.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ny
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ny.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ha
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ha.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ig
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ig.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_rw
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_rw.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ln
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ln.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_luo
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_luo.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_pcm
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_pcm.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_om
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_om.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_nso
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_nso.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_st
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_st.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_sn
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_sn.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_sw
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_sw.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ber-Latn
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ber-Latn.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ak
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ak.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_zu
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_zu.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_wo
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_wo.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_so
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_so.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_nd
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_nd.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_mg
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_mg.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_din
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_din.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_gaa
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_gaa.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_xh
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_xh.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ts
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ts.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_lg
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_lg.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_bm
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_bm.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_arz
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_arz.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ve
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ve.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_efi
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_efi.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_dyu
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_dyu.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_tn
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_tn.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_rn
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_rn.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_tiv
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_tiv.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_mfe
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_mfe.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ti
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ti.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_sus
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_sus.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ndc
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ndc.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ki
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ki.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_cgg
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_cgg.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_bem
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_bem.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_tum
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_tum.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_nr
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_nr.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_kr
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_kr.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_fon
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_fon.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_yo
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_yo.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ee
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ee.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ar-MA
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ar-MA.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_apd
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_apd.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ss
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ss.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ayl
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ayl.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ktu
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ktu.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_aeb
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_aeb.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_aa
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_aa.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_lu
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_lu.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ach
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ach.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_alz
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_alz.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_bci
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_bci.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_dov
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_dov.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_kg
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_kg.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_mos
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_mos.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_nqo
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_nqo.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_ber
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_ber.jsonl
  - config_name: smolsent__en_kri
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smolsent/en_kri.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_ki
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_ki.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_ach
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_ach.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_aa
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_aa.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_bem
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_bem.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_cgg
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_cgg.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_din
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_din.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_fon
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_fon.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_gaa
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_gaa.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_kr
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_kr.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_lu
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_lu.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_mfe
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_mfe.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_rn
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_rn.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_nr
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_nr.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_ts
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_ts.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_tn
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_tn.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_aeb
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_aeb.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_ve
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_ve.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_alz
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_alz.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_dov
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_dov.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_dyu
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_dyu.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_ayl
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_ayl.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_ndc
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_ndc.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_nd
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_nd.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_tum
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_tum.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_bci
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_bci.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_ktu
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_ktu.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_kg
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_kg.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_apd
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_apd.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_ss
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_ss.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_efi
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_efi.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_tiv
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_tiv.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_mos
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_mos.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_sus
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_sus.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_nqo
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_nqo.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_am
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_am.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_sw
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_sw.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_yo
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_yo.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_ha
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_ha.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_yue
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_yue.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_ig
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_ig.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_mg
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_mg.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_om
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_om.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_xh
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_xh.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_ny
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_ny.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_ln
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_ln.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_wo
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_wo.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_sn
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_sn.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_rw
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_rw.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_st
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_st.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_ff
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_ff.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_lg
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_lg.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_luo
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_luo.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_scn
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_scn.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_ar-MA
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_ar-MA.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_ti
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_ti.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_zu
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_zu.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_ak
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_ak.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_arz
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_arz.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_bm
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_bm.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_so
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_so.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_pcm
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_pcm.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_nso
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_nso.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_af
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_af.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_ee
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_ee.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_kri
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_kri.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_ber-Latn
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_ber-Latn.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_ber
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_ber.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_kru
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_kru.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_hoc-Wara
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_hoc-Wara.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_bra
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_bra.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_bgq
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_bgq.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_trp
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_trp.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_xsr-Tibt
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: smoldoc/en_xsr-Tibt.jsonl
  - config_name: smoldoc__en_grt-Latn
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  - config_name: gatitos__en_sat-Latn
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    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_new.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_lg
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_lg.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_ay
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_ay.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_es
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_es.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_as
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_as.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_doi
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_doi.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_ckb
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_ckb.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_ee
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_ee.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_gn
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_gn.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_qu
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_qu.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_gom
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_gom.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_ilo
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_ilo.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_kri
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_kri.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_kl
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_kl.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_lus
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_lus.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_fr
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_fr.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_ts
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_ts.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_ln
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_ln.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_sa
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_sa.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_hi
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_hi.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_nso
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_nso.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_ak
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_ak.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_ff
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_ff.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_om
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_om.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_bho
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_bho.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_mai
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_mai.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_bm
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_bm.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_ti
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_ti.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_dv
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_dv.jsonl
  - config_name: gatitos__en_mni-Mtei
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: gatitos/en_mni-Mtei.jsonl

SMOL

SMOL (Set for Maximal Overall Leverage) is a collection professional translations into 221 Low-Resource Languages, for the purpose of training translation models, and otherwise increasing the representations of said languages in NLP and technology.

Please read the SMOL Paper and the GATITOS Paper for a much more thorough description!

There are four resources in this directory:

SmolDoc: document-level translations into 104 language pairs (103 unique languages)
SmolSent: sentence-level translations into 90 language pairs (91 unique languages)
GATITOS: token-level translations into 179 language pairs (180 unique languages)
SmolDoc-factuality-annotations: factuality annotations and rationales for 661 documents from SmolDoc If a dataset has en_xx and xx_yy language pairs, the language pairs are {en_xx, xx_yy} and the unique languages are {en, xx, yy}

Volunteer contributions

Although the first 113 SMOL languages were commissioned by professional translation vendors, there have been many volunteer contributions since!

Cantonese (yue): Led by Mingfei Lau and Jonathan Eng; contribution by Tsz Yan Au, Emily Awesome, Jason Chan, Siu Man Chan, Vicky Chan, Yiwang Chen, Kinton Cheung, Mingo Choi, Andy Chow, Ashley Chow, Olivia Chow, Daniel (Ying Wai) Fan, Thomas Fung, Vikki Ha, Joshua Kwong, Liam Lee Pong Lam, Jonas Lau, Ying Tung (Grace) Law, Crystal Lee, Aki Leung, Derek Leung, Jackie Leung, Thomas Leung, Mu Li, Alicia Liu, Malena Loosli, Chui McConnell, Ken Ng, Nicholas Ng, Tonia Shen, Helen Shum, Franky Sze, Eric Tang, Tommy Tse, Daniel Wong, Danny Wong, Maggie Wong, Pinki Wong, Jeffrey Yu, Shanelle Yu, Shing Fung Yue, Miranda Zhang, and Willis Zhang
Ligurian (lij): Alessandro Guasoni, Edoardo Ferrante, and the Conseggio Ligure
NKo (nqo): Baba Mamadi Diane; Koulako Moussa Doumbouya; Djibrila Diane Solo; Farabado Cissé
Zarma (dje): Ismael Illa Salifou, Mariama Ibrahim Oumarou, Nafissatou Issa Oumarou, Christopher Homan, and Mamadou K. Keita.
Russian (ru): Volunteers led by Ali Kuzhuget
Tuvan (tyv): Volunteers led by Ali Kuzhuget
Gilaki (glk): Volunteers led by Sina Ahmadi
Hawrami (hac): Volunteers led by Sina Ahmadi
Sorani (ckb): Volunteers led by Sina Ahmadi
Kokborok (trp): Volunteers led by Sudhamoy DebBarma
Indonesian (id): Post-edits by Muhammad Ravi Shulthan Habibi and David Anugraha

Data schemata

The schemata are pretty straightforward. Source and Target language are provided in sl and tl fields. The is_src_orig field has a value of true if the source text was the original text, and the target field was translated, and avalue of false if the data is back-translated.

GATITOS

GATITOS has a one-to-many schema, with each source mapping to one or more targets:

{
 'sl': 'en',
 'tl': 'aa',
 'is_source_orig': True,
 'src': 'how are you',
 'trgs': ['mannah taniih?', 'anninnaay?']
}

SmolSent

SmolSent's schema differs from SmolDoc's only in that src and trg are single strings, not lists:

{'id': 381,
 'sl': 'en',
 'tl': 'ber',
 'is_src_orig': True,
 'src': 'Rih, a deaf former soldier, plots rebellion while married to a queer, teenage god.',
 'trg': 'ⵔⵉⵀ, ⴷ ⴰⴷⴻⴼⵔⵉⵔ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⴰⴻⵎⴻⵙⵍⵉ, ⵢⴻⵜⵜⵀⴻⴳⴳⵉ ⵜⴰⴴⴻⵡⵡⴰⵜ-ⵉⵙ, ⴴⴰⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⴻⵏ ⵢⴻⵣⵡⴻⴵ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⴻⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵓ ⵉⵍⴻⵎⵥⵉ ⵉⵁⴻⵎⵎⵍⴻⵏ ⴰⵔⵔⴰⵛ.'
}

SmolDoc

SmolDoc provides sentence-split and aligned translations through the srcs and trgs fields. These will always have the same length.

{
'id': 'topic_587__weyiwiniwaaotiwenwy',
 'sl': 'en',
 'tl': 'pcm',
 'is_src_orig': True,
 'factuality': 'ok',  # this is a story so there is no factual claim that could be wrong
 'srcs': ['"What the hell are you doing, you idiot?!"',
          '"Excuse me?"',
          '"You cut me off! You almost made me crash!"',
          '"I'm sorry, I didn't mean to. I was just trying to get around that slow-moving truck."',
          '"Well, you could have at least used your turn signal!"',
          '"I did use my turn signal!"',
          '"No, you didn't! You just pulled right out in front of me!"',
          '"I'm telling you, I used my turn signal!"',
          '"Whatever. You're still a terrible driver."',
          '"And you're a jerk!"',
          '"At least I know how to drive!"',
          '"Oh, yeah? Well, I'm a better writer than you are!"',
          '"That's debatable."',
          '"It's not debatable! I'm Ernest Hemingway!"',
          '"Who?"',
          '"Ernest Hemingway! The greatest writer of all time!"',
          '"Never heard of him."',
          '"Well, you've heard of me now!"',
          '"Yeah, I heard of you."'],
 'trgs': ['"Wetin di hell dey do, yu idiot?!"',
          '"Ekskuse mi?"',
          '"Yu komot mi! Yu almost make mi krash!"',
          '"I dey sorry, I nor wont do am. I just dey try get around dat truk wey slow."',
          '"Well, yu for don yus yor turn sign!"',
          '"I yus mai turn sign!"',
          '"No, yu nor turn am! Yu just turn rite in front of mi!"',
          '"I dey tell yu, I yus mai turn sign!"',
          '"Wateva. Yu still bi one tribol driva."',
          '"And yu bi jerk!"',
          '"At least I sabi hau to drive!"',
          '"Oh, yeah? Well, I bi ogbonge writa pass yu!"',
          '"Wi fit dibate dat."',
          '"nortin to dibate! I bi Ernest Hemingway!"',
          '"Who?"',
          '"Ernest Hemingway! De writa of all taim wey grate pass!"',
          '"Neva hear am."',
          '"Well, yu don hear mi nau!"',
          '"Na so, I don hear yu."']
}

SmolDoc factuality

The factuality map contains the per-document ratings for each of the three raters, for all documents in the SmolDoc data. The source text itself is not included, but can be gotten by joining with SmolDoc on the id field. Example datum:

  "topic_260__mtaftfttit": {
    "1": [
      "Minor Issue(s)",
      "This paragraph is mostly accurate, but there's an issue with the study mentioned. The study by the Geena Davis Institute found that only 36.3% of female characters had speaking roles, not 30% (source: https://geenadavisinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/see-jane-100-report-2017.pdf)."
    ],
    "2": [
      "Minor Issue(s)",
      "The claim regarding 12% of female characters working outside the home is not explicitly supported by Geena Davis Institute studies as seen in the article https://geenadavisinstitute.org/research/gender-bias-with-borders-an-investigation-of-female-characters-in-popular-films-across-11-countriesgender-bias-with-borders/"
    ],
    "3": [
      "Not Sure",
      "The claims are generally true. But I could not confirm that 12% of female characters were working outside the home according to this site. https://geenadavisinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/see-jane-100-report-2017.pdf"
    ]
  },

Notes on the GATITOS multilingual Lexicon

The GATITOS (Google's Additional Translations Into Tail-languages: Often Short) dataset is a high-quality, multi-way parallel dataset of tokens and short phrases, intended for training and improving machine translation models. Experiments on this dataset and Panlex focusing on unsupervised translation in a 208-language model can be found in the GATITOS paper.

This dataset consists in 4,000 English segments (4,500 tokens) that have been translated into each of 173 languages, and as a 4001st token, the endonym. Of these, 170 are low-resource, and three are mid-high resource (es, fr, hi). All translations were made directly from English, with the exception of Aymara, which was translated from the Spanish.

This dataset contains primarily short segments: 93% single tokens, and only 23 sentences (0.6%) have over 5 tokens. As such it is best thought of as a multilingual lexicon, rather than a parallel training corpus. The source text is frequent words in the English Language, along with some common phrases and short sentences. Care has been taken to ensure that they include good coverage of numbers, months, days of the week, swadesh words, and names of the languages themselves (including the endonym).

Single tokens are remarkably fickle to translate because of the common issue of polysemy. Some languages in this dataset only provide one translation per source token; others provide multiple translations. When multiple translations are given, they are broken up into multiple lines. Therefore, you can get the average number of translations per token by looking at the number of lines in the file versus the number of deduplicated English lines in the file. The three languages with the most average translations per English token are Betawi, Kachin, and Occitan, each with over 1.5 on average.

Sometimes translators have left annotations like "pike (verb)", "او (مونث)", "фамили(я)", "أسوأ(repeated)" etc.. Wolof is particularly noticeable in this regard, with notes like "xont (verb) which means to feed an animal". Several languages also give definitions instead of translations for some words, e.g. Tok Pisin translation of mole" to "wanpela liklik animal we i save stap long hol long graun".

Per-language information

The following table only includes information for the source_lang_translated_lang direction. However, data in this repo is released in both directions, so e.g. this table lists only en_ay, but reversed ay_en data is also released.

LP	Target Language Name	ISO 639-3	ISO 15924 Script	Glottocode	Continent	Endonym	Alternate names	N Smoldoc	N SmolSent	N Gatitos
am_ar	Arabic	ara	Arab	stan1269	Asia	اللُّغَة العَرَبِيّة	Arabic (MSA); Arabic (Standard); Arabic (Fusha); fuṣḥā; MSA	329	0	0
am_zh	Mandarin Chinese	zho	Hans	mand1415	Asia	汉语		329	0	0
en_aa	Afar	aar	Latn	afar1241	Africa	Qafar		66	863	3990
en_ab	Abkhaz	abk	Cyrl	abkh1244	Asia	Аҧсуа	Abkhazian	0	0	3976
en_ace	Acehnese	ace	Latn	aceh1245	Asia	Aceh	Achinese; Dayan; Aceh	0	0	4001
en_ach	Acholi	ach	Latn	acol1240	Africa	Acholi	Luo; Acoli	66	863	4001
en_ady	West Circassian	ady	Cyrl	adyg1241	Europe	Черкес	Adyghe	0	0	4001
en_aeb	Tunisian Arabic	aeb	Arab	tuni1253	Africa	اللغة العربيّة التونسيّة	Arabic (Tunisia); Tounsi	66	862	3998
en_af	Afrikaans	afr	Latn	afri1274	Africa	Afrikaans		130	863	0
en_ahr	Ahirani	ahr	Deva	ahir1247	Asia	खान्देशी, अहिराणी		457	0	0
en_aii	Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	aii	Syrc	assy1244	Asia	ܣܘܪܝܬ	Assyrian; Assyrian Neo–Aramaic; Sureth; Suret	0	0	3717
en_ak	Twi	aka	Latn	akan1250	Africa	Twi	Akan (includes Akuapem + Fante); Asante	260	863	4000
en_alz	Alur	alz	Latn	alur1245	Africa	Lur		66	863	3992
en_am	Amharic	amh	Ethi	amha1245	Africa	አማርኛ		584	863	0
en_apc	North Levantine Arabic	apc	Arab	nort3190	Asia	شامي‎		0	0	3998
en_apd	Sudanese Arabic	apd	Arab	suda1253	Africa	عربي سوداني	Arabic (Sudan)	66	855	3995
en_ar-MA	Morrocan Arabic	ara	Arab	stan1269	Africa	الدارجة	Arabic (Morocco); Darija	260	863	3989
en_arn	Mapudungun	arn	Latn	mapu1245	Americas	Mapudungun	Mapuche	0	0	4001
en_arz	Egyptian Arabic	arz	Arab	egyp1253	Africa	اللهجة المصرية	Arabic (Egypt); Masri; Masry	260	863	4001
en_as	Assamese	asm	Beng	assa1263	Asia	অসমীয়া		0	0	3975
en_av	Avar	ava	Cyrl	avar1255	Europe	магӏарул мацӏ	Avaric	0	0	4001
en_awa	Awadhi	awa	Deva	awad1243	Asia	अवधी	Audhi	0	0	3999
en_ay	Aymara	aym	Latn	cent2131	Americas	Aymar aru		0	863	3990
en_ayl	Libyan Arabic	ayl	Arab	liby1242	Africa	العربية الليبية	Arabic (Libya); Sulaimitian Arabic	66	863	3999
en_ba	Bashkir	bak	Cyrl	bash1264	Europe	Башҡорт	Bashkort	0	0	3986
en_bal	Baluchi	bal	Arab	balo1260	Asia	بلوچی	Balochi	0	0	3994
en_ban	Balinese	ban	Latn	bali1278	Asia	Basa Bali		0	0	3992
en_bbc	Batak Toba	bbc	Latn	bata1315	Asia	Batak Toba		0	0	3993
en_bci	Baoulé	bci	Latn	baou1244	Africa	wawle	Baoule; Baule	66	863	3998
en_bem	Bemba (Zambia)	bem	Latn	bemb1251	Africa	Ichibemba	Bemba; chiBemba	66	863	3977
en_ber	Tamazight (Tifinagh Script)	ber	Tfng	cent2136	Africa	ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ	Berber; Amazigh	130	862	4000
en_ber-Latn	Tamazight (Latin Script)	ber	Latn	cent2136	Africa	Tamaziɣt	Tamazight; Berber; Amazigh	130	862	4001
en_bew	Betawi	bew	Latn	beta1263	Asia	Betawi	Betawi Malay; Jakartan Malay; Batavian Malay	0	0	4001
en_bfq	Badaga	bfq	Taml	bada1255	Asia	படக		457	0	0
en_bfy	Bagheli	bfy	Deva	bagh1245	Asia	बघेली		457	0	0
en_bgq	Bagri	bgq	Deva	bagr1244	Asia	बागड़ी		457	0	0
en_bho	Bhojpuri	bho	Deva	bhoj1242	Asia	भोजपुरी		0	0	3991
en_bik	Bikol	bcl	Latn	cent2238	Asia	Sentral Bikol	Bicol; Bicolano	0	0	3993
en_bjn	Banjar	bjn	Latn	banj1253	Asia	Banjar	Banjarese	0	0	3996
en_bjn-Arab	Banjar (Arabic script)	bjn	Arab	banj1253	Asia	بنجر; ڤندير بنجر		0	0	3999
en_bm	Bambara	bam	Latn	bamb1269	Africa	Bámánánkán		260	863	4000
en_bns	Bundeli	bns	Deva	bund1257	Asia	बुन्देली		456	0	0
en_bo	Tibetan	bod	Tibt	tibe1279	Asia	བོད་མི།; བོད་ཀྱི།; བོད་སྐད།; བོད་ཡིག།	Lhasa Tibetan; Standard Tibetan; Baykha; Kham; Baykay	0	863	3994
en_br	Breton	bre	Latn	bret1244	Europe	brezhoneg	Brezhoneg	0	0	4001
en_bra	Braj	bra	Deva	braj1239	Asia	ब्रजभाषा		457	0	0
en_brx	Bodo (India)	brx	Deva	bodo1262	Asia	बोडो	Bodo; Boro	0	863	3994
en_bts	Batak Simalungun	bts	Latn	bata1312	Asia	Bahasa Simalungun	Simalungun; Simalungunese	0	0	3999
en_btx	Batak Karo	btx	Latn	bata1314	Asia	Batak Karo	Karonese; Karo; Bahasa Karo	0	0	3997
en_bua	Buryat	bua	Cyrl	bury1248	Asia	Буряад		0	0	3976
en_bug	Buginese	bug	Latn	bugi1246	Asia	basa Ugi		0	0	3759
en_ccp-Latn	Chakma (Latin script)	ccp	Latn	chak1271	Asia	Changhma Bhach		457	0	0
en_ce	Chechen	che	Cyrl	chec1245	Europe	Нохчийн		0	0	3997
en_cgg	Kiga	cgg	Latn	kiga1247	Africa	Kiga	Chiga; Orukiga; Rukiga; Ruchiga	66	863	4001
en_ch	Chamorro	cha	Latn	cham1313	Oceania	Finuʼ Chamoru	CHamoru	0	0	4001
en_chk	Chuukese	chk	Latn	chuu1241	Oceania	Trukese	Trukese	0	0	3889
en_chm	Meadow Mari	chm	Cyrl	east2391	Asia	олык марий	Eastern Mari	0	0	4001
en_ckb	Kurdish (Sorani)	ckb	Arab	cent2243	Asia	سۆرانی	Central Kurdish; Sorani	0	863	3986
en_cnh	Hakha Chin	cnh	Latn	hakh1239	Asia	Laica	Zomi; Laiholh; Lai	0	0	3999
en_crh	Crimean Tatar (Cyrillic script)	crh	Cyrl	crim1257	Europe	Крымскотатарский	Crimean Tatar	0	0	3990
en_crh-Latn	Crimean Tatar (Latin script)	crh	Latn	crim1257	Europe	qırımtatar tili		0	0	3990
en_crs	Seychellois Creole	crs	Latn	seyc1242	Africa	kreol seselwa	kreol; Seselwa Creole French	0	0	3989
en_ctg	Chittagonian	ctg	Beng	chit1278	Asia	Chittagonian		0	0	3996
en_cv	Chuvash	chv	Cyrl	chuv1255	Europe	Чăваш		0	0	3985
en_dhd	Dhundari	dhd	Deva	dhun1238	Asia	ढूंढाड़ी		456	0	0
en_din	Dinka	din	Latn	dink1262	Africa	Thuɔŋjäŋ		66	863	4001
en_dje	Zarma	dje	Latn	zarm1239	Africa			66	863	4001
en_doi	Dogri	doi	Deva	dogr1251	Asia	डोगरी		454	0	3997
en_dov	Dombe	dov	Latn	dovv1238	Africa	ChiDombe	Chidombe; Zambezi; Tonga	66	863	3998
en_dv	Dhivehi	div	Thaa	dive1238	Asia	ދިވެހި	Maldivian, Divehi	0	0	3973
en_dyu	Dyula	dyu	Latn	dyul1238	Africa	Julakan	Dioula; Jula	66	863	3997
en_dz	Dzongkha	dzo	Tibt	dzon1238	Asia	རྫོང་ཁ	Bhutanese	0	0	3997
en_ee	Ewe	ewe	Latn	ewee1241	Africa	Eʋegbe		130	863	3990
en_efi	Efik	efi	Latn	efik1245	Africa	Usem mbom Efik; Ikɔ-efik		66	863	4001
en_es	Spanish	spa	Latn	span1260	Europe	español, castellano		0	863	3991
en_fa-AF	Dari	fas	Arab	dari1249	Asia	دری	Persian (Afghanistan)	0	0	4000
en_ff	Fulani	ful	Latn	fula1264	Africa	Fulɓe; Fulfulde; Pular; Pulaar	Fulfulde; Fula; Fulah; Pular; Pulaar; Peul (French)	260	862	3998
en_fj	Fijian	fij	Latn	fiji1243	Oceania	Vosa Vaka-Viti	Bauan	0	0	4001
en_fo	Faroese	fao	Latn	faro1244	Europe	Føroysk		0	0	3999
en_fon	Fon	fon	Latn	fonn1241	Africa	fɔ̀ngbè; fongbē		66	863	3998
en_fr	French	fra	Latn	fren1241	Europe	français		0	0	3998
en_fr-CA	French (Canada)	fra	Latn	fren1241	Americas	français canadien		0	0	4001
en_fur	Friulian	fur	Latn	friu1241	Europe	Furlan		0	0	3985
en_gaa	Ga	gaa	Latn	gaaa1245	Africa	Gã		66	863	4000
en_glk	Gilaki	glk	Arab	gila1241	Asia	گيلکي		0	863	0
en_gn	Guarani	grn	Latn	guar1295	Americas	avañeʼẽ		0	863	3991
en_gom	Goan Konkani	gom	Deva	goan1237	Asia	कोंकणी		0	0	3999
en_grt-Latn	Garo (Latin script)	grt	Latn	garo1249	Asia	A·chikku		457	0	0
en_gv	Manx	glv	Latn	manx1243	Europe	Gaelg	Gaelic	0	0	3999
en_ha	Hausa	hau	Latn	haus1257	Africa	Hausa		584	863	0
en_hac	Hawrami	hac	Arab	hacr1238	Asia	ھەورامی	Gurani	0	863	0
en_hi	Hindi	hin	Deva	hind1269	Asia	हिन्दी		0	0	3984
en_hil	Hiligaynon	hil	Latn	hili1241	Asia	Hiligaynon	Ilonggo; Binisaya; Bisaya nga Hiniligaynon; Inilonggo	0	0	4001
en_hne	Chhattisgarhi	hne	Deva	chha1248	Asia	छत्तीसगढ़ी		0	0	4000
en_hoc-Wara	Ho (Warang Chiti script)	hoc	Wara	hooo1242	Asia	𑢹𑣉𑣉 𑣎𑣋𑣜		457	0	0
en_hrx	Hunsrik	hrx	Latn	huns1243	Americas	Hunsrik	Riograndenser Hunsrik	0	0	3932
en_iba	Iban	iba	Latn	iban1266	Asia	Iban	Sea Dayak	0	0	3997
en_id	Indonesian	ind	Latn	indo1316	Asia	Bahasa Indonesia		0	863	0
en_ig	Igbo	ibo	Latn	igbo1258	Africa	Asụsụ Igbo		391	863	0
en_ilo	Ilocano	ilo	Latn	iloc1242	Asia	Iloko	Iloko; Ilokano	0	0	3993
en_is	Icelandic	isl	Latn	icel1247	Europe	Íslenska		0	863	3995
en_iso	Isoko	iso	Latn	isok1244	Africa	Isoko		0	0	4001
en_iu	Inuktut (Syllabics)	iku	Cans	east2532	Americas	ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ	Inuktitut; Inuktut	0	0	3999
en_iu-Latn	Inuktut (Latin)	iku	Latn	east2532	Americas	Inuktut	Inuktitut; Inuktut	0	0	4001
en_jam	Jamaican Patois	jam	Latn	jama1263	Americas	Patwa	Patois; Jamaican Creole English	0	0	3996
en_kaa	Karakalpak	kaa	Cyrl	kara1499	Asia	Қарақалпақ; Қарақалпақша	Kara-Kalpak; Qaraqalpaq	0	0	3970
en_kac	Jingpo	kac	Latn	jing1258	Asia	Jinghpaw	Kachin; Jingpho; Jingphaw; Wunpawng	0	0	3941
en_kbd	East Circassian	kbd	Cyrl	kaba1278	Europe	Къэбэрдей; Адыгэ	Kabardian	0	0	3976
en_kek	Q'eqchi'	kek	Latn	qeqc1239	Americas	Qʼeqchiʼ	Kekchi; Kekchi'; Kekchí	0	0	4001
en_kfy	Kumaoni	kfy	Deva	kuma1271	Asia	कुमाऊँनी		457	0	0
en_kg	Kongo	kon	Latn	kong1295	Africa	Kikongo	Kikongo	66	863	3998
en_kha	Khasi	kha	Latn	khas1265	Asia	khasi	Khasian	0	0	4001
en_ki	Kikuyu	kik	Latn	kiku1242	Africa	Gĩgĩkũyũ	Gikuyu	66	863	3994
en_kl	Kalaallisut	kal	Latn	kala1399	Americas	Kalaallisut	Greenlandic	0	863	3943
en_kr	Kanuri	kau	Latn	kanu1282	Africa	Kànùrí		66	863	4000
en_kri	Krio	kri	Latn	krio1253	Africa	Krio		130	863	4020
en_kru	Kurukh	kru	Deva	kuru1263	Asia	कुँड़ुख़		457	0	0
en_ks	Kashmiri	kas	Arab	kash1277	Asia	كٲشُر	Koshur	0	863	4001
en_ks-Deva	Kashmiri (Devanagari script)	kas	Deva	kash1277	Asia	कॉशुर	Koshur	0	863	4001
en_ktu	Kituba (DRC)	ktu	Latn	kitu1242	Africa	Kituba	Kituba	66	863	3999
en_kv	Komi	kom	Cyrl	komi1269	Asia	Коми	Zyryan; Komi-Zyryan	0	0	3980
en_lep	Lepcha	lep	Lepc	lepc1242	Asia	ᰛᰩᰵᰛᰧᰵᰶ‎		456	0	0
en_lg	Luganda	lug	Latn	gand1255	Africa	Oluganda	Ganda	260	863	3998
en_li	Limburgish	lim	Latn	limb1264	Europe	Limburgs	Limburgian; Limburg; Limburgs	0	0	3999
en_lif-Limb	Limbu (Limbu script)	lif	Limb	limb1265	Asia	ᤕᤠᤰᤌᤢᤱ ᤐᤠᤴ		457	0	0
en_lij	Ligurian	lij	Latn	ligu1248	Europe	Ligure	Genoese	66	863	4332
en_lmo	Lombard	lmo	Latn	lomb1257	Europe	lombard		0	0	3983
en_ln	Lingala	lin	Latn	ling1261	Africa	Lingála	Ngala	260	863	3994
en_ltg	Latgalian	ltg	Latn	latg1249	Europe	latgalīšu		0	0	3984
en_lu	Kiluba (Luba-Katanga)	lub	Latn	luba1252	Africa	Kiluba	Luba-Katanga; Luba; Tshiluba	66	863	0
en_lua	Tshiluba (Luba-Lulua)	lua	Latn	luba1253	Africa	Tshiluba, Ciluba	Luba-Kasai; Luba; Tshiluba; Cilubà; Tshilubà, Luba-Lulua	0	0	3998
en_luo	Luo	luo	Latn	luoo1242	Africa	Luo	Dholuo	260	863	3941
en_lus	Mizo	lus	Latn	lush1249	Asia	Mizo ṭawng		0	863	3998
en_mad	Madurese	mad	Latn	madu1252	Asia	Madurâ		0	0	3999
en_mag	Magahi	mag	Deva	maga1259	Asia	मगही		456	0	3997
en_mai	Maithili	mai	Deva	mait1250	Asia	मैथिली	Maitili	0	0	3989
en_mak	Makassar	mak	Latn	maka1312	Asia	Mangkasara	Makasar; Makassarese; Mangkasara; Macassar	0	0	3994
en_mam	Mam	mam	Latn	nort2932	Americas	Ta yol Mam		0	0	3902
en_meo	Kedah Malay	meo	Latn	keda1251	Asia	Siti	Malay (Kedah)	0	0	3995
en_mfe	Mauritian Creole	mfe	Latn	maur1252	Africa	Morisien	Morisien; Morisyen	66	863	3997
en_mg	Malagasy	mlg	Latn	mala1288	Africa	Fiteny malagasy		391	863	0
en_mh	Marshallese	mah	Latn	mars1254	Oceania	Majol	Ebon	0	0	3977
en_min	Minang	min	Latn	mina1264	Asia	Minangkabau	Minangkabau	0	0	3999
en_mjl	Mandeali	mjl	Deva	mand1417	Asia	मण्डियाली		457	0	0
en_mni-Mtei	Meiteilon (Manipuri)	mni	Mtei	mani1293	Asia	ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ	Meitei, Meetei, Meitheilon, Meeteilon	0	863	3923
en_mos	Mooré	mos	Latn	moor1244	Africa	Moaaga; Mòoré	Mossi; Moore; More; Mõore; Mossé	66	863	4000
en_ms-Arab	Malay (Jawi Script)	msa	Arab	stan1293	Asia	ملايو		0	0	4000
en_mtr	Mewari	mtr	Deva	mewa1253	Asia	मेवाड़ी		457	0	0
en_mwr	Marwadi	mwr	Deva	marw1261	Asia	मारवाड़ी	Marwari; Rajasthani	0	0	3999
en_nd	North Ndebele	nde	Latn	nort2859	Africa	IsiNdebele	Ndebele (North)	66	863	3694
en_ndc	Ndau	ndc	Latn	ndau1241	Africa			0	0	0
en_ne	Nepali	nep	Deva	nepa1254	Asia	नेपाली		456	0	0
en_new	Nepalbhasa (Newari)	new	Deva	newa1241	Asia	नेवाः	Newari; Nepalbhasa; Nepal Bhasa; Newar	0	0	4001
en_nhe	Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl	nhe	Latn	east2338	Americas	Nahuatlajtoli Kuextekan ikisayo	Nahuatl (Eastern Huasteca)	0	0	4000
en_noe	Nimadi	noe	Deva	nima1244	Asia	निमाड़ी		315	0	0
en_nqo	NKo	bam	Nkoo	bamb1269	Africa	ߓߡߊߣߊ߲ߞߊ߲	N'Ko	0	0	0
en_nr	South Ndebele	nbl	Latn	sout2831	Africa	isiNdebele seSewula	Ndebele (South); Transvaal Ndebele; Southern Ndebele	66	863	4001
en_nso	Sepedi	nso	Latn	nort2827	Africa	Sepedi	Northern Sotho; Pedi	130	863	3996
en_nus	Nuer	nus	Latn	nuer1246	Africa	Thok Naath		0	0	4001
en_nv	Navajo	nav	Latn	nava1247	Americas	Diné; Naabeehó	Navaho; Diné	0	0	3992
en_ny	Chichewa	nya	Latn	nyan1308	Africa	Chilankhulo cha Chichewa		260	863	0
en_oc	Occitan	oci	Latn	occi1239	Europe	Occitan	Provençal	0	0	3998
en_om	Oromo	orm	Latn	orom1259	Africa	Afaan Oromoo	Afaan Oromoo	391	863	3992
en_os	Ossetian	oss	Cyrl	osse1243	Europe	Ирон	Ossetic; Iron	0	0	3915
en_pa-Arab	Lahnda Punjabi (Pakistan)	pan	Arab	west2341	Asia	لہندا پنجابی	Punjabi (Lahnda); Punjabi (Western); Punjabi (India); Punjabi (Shahmukhi)	0	863	4001
en_pag	Pangasinan	pag	Latn	pang1290	Asia	Pangasinan	Pangasinense	0	0	3994
en_pam	Kapampangan	pam	Latn	pamp1243	Asia	Kapampangan	Pampango; Capampáñgan	0	0	3993
en_pap	Papiamento	pap	Latn	papi1254	Americas	Papiamento	Papiamento in Aruba; Papiamentu in Bonaire and Curaçao	0	0	4001
en_pcm	Nigerian Pidgin	pcm	Latn	nige1256	Africa	Naijá, Pidgin for Nigerian	Naija; Naijá; Pijin; Brokun; Broken	130	864	4001
en_pt-PT	Portuguese (Portugal)	por	Latn	port1283	Europe	português		0	0	3995
en_qu	Quechua	que	Latn	quec1387	Americas	Runa Simi		0	863	3861
en_quc	K'iche'	quc	Latn	kich1262	Americas	K'iche'	Quiche; Quiché	0	0	3992
en_rhg-Latn	Rohingya (Latin script)	rhg	Latn	rohi1241	Asia	Ruháingga	Rohingya	0	0	3999
en_rn	Rundi	run	Latn	rund1242	Africa	Ikirundi	Kirundi	66	863	3999
en_rom	Romani	rmy	Latn	roma1271	Europe	Rromani ćhib	Romany; Romanes; Roma	0	0	3988
en_rw	Kinyarwanda	kin	Latn	kiny1244	Africa	Ikinyarwanda		260	863	0
en_sa	Sanskrit	san	Deva	sans1269	Asia	संस्कृतम्	Samskrit; Samskrt; Samskritam	0	863	3998
en_sah	Yakut	sah	Cyrl	sakc1242	Europe	Саха	Sakha; Saxa; Saqa; Yakutian	0	0	3983
en_sat	Santali (Ol Chiki script)	sat	Olck	sant1265	Asia	ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ	Santali; Santhali; Hor	0	863	4001
en_sat-Latn	Santali (Latin Script)	sat	Latn	sant1265	Asia	Santali	Santali; Santhali; Hor	0	863	4000
en_scl	Shina	scl	Arab	shin1264	Asia	ݜݨیاٗ زبان		457	0	0
en_scn	Sicilian	scn	Latn	sici1248	Europe	Sicilianu		100	0	3997
en_sd-Deva	Sindhi (Devanagari script)	snd	Deva	sind1279	Asia	सिन्धी		456	0	0
en_se	Northern Sami	sme	Latn	nort2641	Europe	davvisámegiella	North Saami; North Sámi; Sami (North)	0	0	3980
en_sg	Sango	sag	Latn	sang1327	Africa	Sango		0	0	3994
en_sgj	Surgujia	sgj	Deva	surg1242	Asia	सरगुजिया		356	0	0
en_shn	Shan	shn	Mymr	shan1277	Asia	တႆး; လိၵ်ႈတႆး	Tai longe	0	0	4001
en_sjp	Surjapuri	sjp	Deva	surj1242	Asia	सुरजापुरी‎		299	0	0
en_skr	Saraiki	skr	Arab	sara1261	Asia	سرائیکی	Multani	0	0	4001
en_sn	Shona	sna	Latn	shon1249	Africa	ChiShona		260	863	0
en_so	Somali	som	Latn	soma1255	Africa	Af-Soomaali		260	862	0
en_spv	Sambalpuri	spv	Orya	samb1314	Asia	ସମ୍ବଲପୁରୀ		457	0	0
en_ss	Swati	ssw	Latn	swat1253	Africa	Siswati	siSwati	66	863	3924
en_st	Sesotho	sot	Latn	sout2824	Africa	seSotho		260	863	0
en_sus	Susu	sus	Latn	susu1255	Africa	Sosokhui		66	863	4000
en_sw	Swahili	swa	Latn	swah1253	Africa	Kiswahili	Kiswahili	584	863	0
en_syl	Sylheti	syl	Beng	sylh1242	Asia	সিলেটি	Siloti	0	0	4001
en_szl	Silesian	szl	Latn	sile1255	Europe	Ślůnski		0	0	3997
en_tcy	Tulu	tcy	Knda	tulu1257	Asia	ತುಳು		451	0	4000
en_tet	Tetum	tet	Latn	tetu1246	Asia	Tetun	Tetun	0	0	4001
en_ti	Tigrinya	tir	Ethi	tigr1271	Africa	ትግርኛ	Tigrigna	260	863	4000
en_tiv	Tiv	tiv	Latn	tivv1240	Africa	Tiv		66	863	4001
en_tn	Tswana	tsn	Latn	tswa1253	Africa	Setswana	Batswana; Setswana	66	863	3995
en_to	Tonga (Tonga Islands)	ton	Latn	tong1325	Oceania	Tonga	Tongan; Tonga; Lea Faka-Tonga	0	0	4001
en_tpi	Tok Pisin	tpi	Latn	tokp1241	Oceania	Tok Pisin	Papua New Guinea Pidgin	0	0	4001
en_trp	Kokborok	trp	Latn	kokb1243	Asia	Kokborok; Kókborok	Tripuri; Tiprakok; Kok Borok; Kókborok; Tripura, Tipra, Tippera; ককবরক‎; Kókborok	457	863	3997
en_ts	Tsonga	tso	Latn	tson1249	Africa	Xitsonga		66	863	3994
en_tum	Tumbuka	tum	Latn	tumb1254	Africa	Chitumbuka		66	863	3983
en_ty	Tahitian	tah	Latn	tahi1242	Oceania	Reo Tahiti; Tahiti		0	0	4001
en_tyv	Tuvan	tyv	Cyrl	tuvi1241	Asia	тувинский	Tuvinian; Tyvan	0	863	3984
en_udm	Udmurt	udm	Cyrl	udmu1245	Europe	Удмурт кыл		0	0	3992
en_unr-Deva	Mundari (Devanagari script)	unr	Deva	mund1335	Asia	मुंडारी		457	0	0
en_ve	Venda	ven	Latn	vend1247	Africa	Tshivenḓa	Tshivenda; Luvenda; Bavenda	66	863	3984
en_vec	Venetian	vec	Latn	vene1256	Europe	Veneto	Vèneto	0	0	4000
en_war	Waray (Philippines)	war	Latn	wara1293	Asia	Waray	Waray; Waray-Waray	0	0	3963
en_wbr	Wagdi	wbr	Deva	wagd1238	Asia	वाग्दी‎		455	0	0
en_wo	Wolof	wol	Latn	wolo1247	Africa	Wolof		260	863	4001
en_xh	Xhosa	xho	Latn	xhos1239	Africa	isiXhosa		260	863	0
en_xnr	Kangri	xnr	Deva	kang1292	Asia	कांगड़ी		457	0	0
en_xsr-Tibt	Sherpa (Tibetan script)	xsr	Tibt	sher1258	Asia	ཤར་པའི་སྐད་ཡིག		457	0	0
en_yo	Yoruba	yor	Latn	yoru1245	Africa	Èdè Yorùbá		584	863	0
en_yua	Yucatec Maya	yua	Latn	yuca1254	Americas	Maayat'aan	Mayan; Yucateco	0	0	3959
en_yue	Cantonese	yue	Hant	yuee1245	Asia	廣東話; 粵語; 廣州話; 白話;	Yue Chinese	584	863	4201
en_zap	Zapotec	zap	Latn	zapo1270	Americas	Diidxazá		0	0	3777
en_zu	Zulu	zul	Latn	zulu1248	Africa	isiZulu		260	863	0
en_zza	Zazaki	diq	Latn	zaza1245	Asia	Zazakî	Zaza; Kurdish (Zazaki); Dimli	0	0	3978
sw_ar	Arabic	ara	Arab	stan1269	Asia	اللُّغَة العَرَبِيّة	Arabic (MSA); Arabic (Standard); Arabic (Fusha); fuṣḥā; MSA	330	0	0
sw_zh	Mandarin Chinese	zho	Hans	mand1415	Asia	汉语		330	0	0
yue_zh	Mandarin Chinese	zho	Hans	mand1415	Asia	汉语		0	0	4201

Notes on language codes and names

We use the backwards-compatible BCP-47 language code convention. Several of these languages have various alternate code also in use, including:

ak Twi also uses the code tw. Note that using the supercode for the most prevelent language variety is very common, e.g. ku for kmr, zh for cmn, etc.
ber The grouping of the Tamazight languages is a matter of debate. The variety in these data is probably close to tzm, though a language expert should opine
qu Another supercode issue. The Quechua variety this data is closest to is likely quy, though a language expert should opine
pa-Arab is also referred to as lah
chm: we use chm for Meadow Mari, although chm is properly the superset, and mhr is the individual code for Meadow Mari.
rom: Similarly, we use rom for all Romani dialects, ak for Twi (see note above), and ff for all Fulfulde dialects.
fa-AF,ar-MA: We use fa-AF and ar-MA for Dari and Darija respectively. The specific codes prs and ary are probably more precise.

Please note that the language name can be a point of considerable tension, and there is rarely a "right" name for a language! This said, here are some non-exhaustive notes that went into the names in the second column above, based on conversations with speakers. We welcome more comments from the community:

ak: Calling this language "Twi" instead of "Akan" here is reflective of the corresponding translation models active on Google Translate. These are likely to mix different Akan dialects, including Twi proper, Fante, Akuapem Twi, etc.. Therefore, from a linguistic perspective, one would call this "Akan" and use the corresponding code "ak". However, this is a more academic word for the language; according to native speaker consultants, "Akan" is usually used to describe the ethnic group rather than the language, so they suggested simply calling this "Twi", which is most likely accurate for the large majority of model outputs.
ckb: Central Kurdish is a more academic name that may not be as widely known to speakers of the language, so Sorani is preferred -- though they are both acceptable.
dv: There is not a consistent romanization of this language, and both Divehi and Dhivehi are common. The first consonant in this language is a dental, non-aspirated d. When transliterating Indian language names there is no standard about how to represent this sound. In the south, "dh" usually refers to the dental consonant; in the North, it just as often refers to the aspirated one. However, in both cases, it is common that "d" alone would represent the retroflex consonant, so it is possible that Divehi would be mispronounced more often.
gom: Technically, gom is the code for Goan Konkani only. Other varieties of Konkani, like Mangalore Konkani (which oddly enough does not have an ISO code), are mutually unintelligible! There is certainly dispute about whether to treat Konkani as one language or not.
ilo: Native speakers give a variety of different answers around the correct name. Some say that Ilocano is more formal, whereas Ilokano is more informal; some say that both of these actually refer to the people, and that Iloko is the only correct term for the language.
lg: Speakers usually refer to this language as "Luganda"; linguists sometimes call it "Ganda", but like Sepedi, this is not usually used by people familiar with the language.
lus: There is agreement that Lushai is an obsolete colonial name and should not be used. Mizo is the preferred name.
mni-Mtei: The conventional and most common name for this language is Manipuri. However, in reality, this is only the language of one of the many ethnicities in Manipur, so that name can be seen as offensive to some. Therefore, we use the endonym Meiteilon, with the conventional name (Manipuri) in parentheses.
nso: Although a linguist might say that Sepedi is a dialect of Northern Sotho, speakers often say that they call the whole language Sepedi, and that Northern Sotho has offensive colonial overtones. Others, however, may disagree with this. The endonym Sesotho sa Leboa is not uncommon. There is agreement that no-one uses Pedi.
qu: These translations are technically in Southern Quechua. However, this is a point of some contention. Some will opine that "Quechua" is not a language but a family of languages. Others, however, say that they all feel like one language, and that the regional differences are slight, and it's easy for Peruvians, Bolivians, and even Ecuadorians to understand each other. The majority opinion among the naive speakers we talked to seemed to be closer to the latter, so we have opted for the name "Quechua".
ti: In Tigray Tigrigna is the most common Romanization, and in Eritrea Tigrinya is.
zap: Linguists usually talk about the Zapotec languages, rather than considering Zapotec a single language. However, just as with Quechua above, conversations with a native speaker indicated that they perceived Zapotec as one language, with a variety of local variants that are all easy enough to understand (excepting one or two). A broader survey would help resolve this question.
Those languages in this dataset that are not on Google Translate have yet to undergo a more careful name review; if you see a name in the list above that you want to correct, please contact us!

Special note on Bantu languages: Bantu language names have a special noun-class prefix for languages, like xiTsonga, sePedi, kiSwahili, isiZulu, luGanda, siSwati, isiNdebele, tshiVenda, and so on. However, there is no pattern as to whether this prefix is used in the conventional English form of the name. For instance, Xhosa usually leaves off the isi- in English, whereas Lingala almost never leaves off the li-. Others, like (xi)Tsonga, seem to be frequently used in both forms. Linguistic resources occasionally strip the prefixes, yielding names like "Ganda", "Pedi" and so on, perhaps out of a desire for consistent handling of the noun class prefix. (Even the ba in Bantu is such a prefix, so these languages are sometimes called the Ntu languages!)

For convenience, here is a mapping from codes used by Flores and SMOL:

flores2smol = {
'ace_Arab': 'ace-Arab', 'ace_Latn': 'ace', 'acm_Arab': 'acm', 'acq_Arab': 'acq', 'aeb_Arab': 'aeb', 'afr_Latn': 'af', 'ajp_Arab': 'ajp',
'aka_Latn': 'ak', 'als_Latn': 'sq', 'amh_Ethi': 'am', 'apc_Arab': 'apc', 'arb_Arab': 'ar', 'arb_Latn': 'ar-Latn', 'ars_Arab': 'ars',
'ary_Arab': 'ar-MA', 'arz_Arab': 'arz', 'asm_Beng': 'as', 'ast_Latn': 'ast', 'awa_Deva': 'awa', 'ayr_Latn': 'ay', 'azb_Arab': 'azb',
'azj_Latn': 'az', 'bak_Cyrl': 'ba', 'bam_Latn': 'bm', 'ban_Latn': 'ban', 'bel_Cyrl': 'be', 'bem_Latn': 'bem', 'ben_Beng': 'bn',
'bho_Deva': 'bho', 'bjn_Arab': 'bjn-Arab', 'bjn_Latn': 'bjn', 'bod_Tibt': 'bo', 'bos_Latn': 'bs', 'bug_Latn': 'bug', 'bul_Cyrl': 'bg',
'cat_Latn': 'ca', 'ceb_Latn': 'ceb', 'ces_Latn': 'cs', 'cjk_Latn': 'cjk', 'ckb_Arab': 'ckb', 'crh_Latn': 'crh-Latn', 'cym_Latn': 'cy',
'dan_Latn': 'da', 'deu_Latn': 'de', 'dik_Latn': 'din', 'dyu_Latn': 'dyu', 'dzo_Tibt': 'dz', 'ell_Grek': 'el', 'eng_Latn': 'en',
'epo_Latn': 'eo', 'est_Latn': 'et', 'eus_Latn': 'eu', 'ewe_Latn': 'ee', 'fao_Latn': 'fo', 'fij_Latn': 'fj', 'fin_Latn': 'fi',
'fon_Latn': 'fon', 'fra_Latn': 'fr', 'fur_Latn': 'fur', 'fuv_Latn': 'ff', 'gaz_Latn': 'om', 'gla_Latn': 'gd', 'gle_Latn': 'ga',
'glg_Latn': 'gl', 'grn_Latn': 'gn', 'guj_Gujr': 'gu', 'hat_Latn': 'ht', 'hau_Latn': 'ha', 'heb_Hebr': 'iw', 'hin_Deva': 'hi',
'hne_Deva': 'hne', 'hrv_Latn': 'hr', 'hun_Latn': 'hu', 'hye_Armn': 'hy', 'ibo_Latn': 'ig', 'ilo_Latn': 'ilo', 'ind_Latn': 'id',
'isl_Latn': 'is', 'ita_Latn': 'it', 'jav_Latn': 'jv', 'jpn_Jpan': 'ja', 'kab_Latn': 'kab', 'kac_Latn': 'kac', 'kam_Latn': 'kam',
'kan_Knda': 'kn', 'kas_Arab': 'ks', 'kas_Deva': 'ks-Deva', 'kat_Geor': 'ka', 'kaz_Cyrl': 'kk', 'kbp_Latn': 'kbp', 'kea_Latn': 'kea',
'khk_Cyrl': 'mn', 'khm_Khmr': 'km', 'kik_Latn': 'ki', 'kin_Latn': 'rw', 'kir_Cyrl': 'ky', 'kmb_Latn': 'kmb', 'kmr_Latn': 'ku',
'knc_Arab': 'kr-Arab', 'knc_Latn': 'kr', 'kon_Latn': 'kg', 'kor_Hang': 'ko', 'lao_Laoo': 'lo', 'lij_Latn': 'lij', 'lim_Latn': 'li',
'lin_Latn': 'ln', 'lit_Latn': 'lt', 'lmo_Latn': 'lmo', 'ltg_Latn': 'ltg', 'ltz_Latn': 'lb', 'lua_Latn': 'lua', 'lug_Latn': 'lg',
'luo_Latn': 'luo', 'lus_Latn': 'lus', 'lvs_Latn': 'lv', 'mag_Deva': 'mag', 'mai_Deva': 'mai', 'mal_Mlym': 'ml', 'mar_Deva': 'mr',
'min_Arab': 'min-Arab', 'min_Latn': 'min', 'mkd_Cyrl': 'mk', 'mlt_Latn': 'mt', 'mni_Beng': 'mni', 'mos_Latn': 'mos', 'mri_Latn': 'mi',
'mya_Mymr': 'my', 'nld_Latn': 'nl', 'nno_Latn': 'nn', 'nob_Latn': 'no', 'npi_Deva': 'ne', 'nso_Latn': 'nso', 'nus_Latn': 'nus',
'nya_Latn': 'ny', 'oci_Latn': 'oc', 'ory_Orya': 'or', 'pag_Latn': 'pag', 'pan_Guru': 'pa', 'pap_Latn': 'pap', 'pbt_Arab': 'ps',
'pes_Arab': 'fa', 'plt_Latn': 'mg', 'pol_Latn': 'pl', 'por_Latn': 'pt', 'prs_Arab': 'fa-AF', 'quy_Latn': 'quy', 'ron_Latn': 'ro',
'run_Latn': 'rn', 'rus_Cyrl': 'ru', 'sag_Latn': 'sg', 'san_Deva': 'sa', 'sat_Olck': 'sat', 'scn_Latn': 'scn', 'shn_Mymr': 'shn',
'sin_Sinh': 'si', 'slk_Latn': 'sk', 'slv_Latn': 'sl', 'smo_Latn': 'sm', 'sna_Latn': 'sn', 'snd_Arab': 'sd', 'som_Latn': 'so',
'sot_Latn': 'st', 'spa_Latn': 'es', 'srd_Latn': 'sc', 'srp_Cyrl': 'sr', 'ssw_Latn': 'ss', 'sun_Latn': 'su', 'swe_Latn': 'sv',
'swh_Latn': 'sw', 'szl_Latn': 'szl', 'tam_Taml': 'ta', 'taq_Latn': 'taq', 'taq_Tfng': 'taq-Tfng', 'tat_Cyrl': 'tt', 'tel_Telu': 'te',
'tgk_Cyrl': 'tg', 'tgl_Latn': 'fil', 'tha_Thai': 'th', 'tir_Ethi': 'ti', 'tpi_Latn': 'tpi', 'tsn_Latn': 'tn', 'tso_Latn': 'ts',
'tuk_Latn': 'tk', 'tum_Latn': 'tum', 'tur_Latn': 'tr', 'twi_Latn': 'ak', 'tzm_Tfng': 'ber', 'uig_Arab': 'ug', 'ukr_Cyrl': 'uk',
'umb_Latn': 'umb', 'urd_Arab': 'ur', 'uzn_Latn': 'uz', 'vec_Latn': 'vec', 'vie_Latn': 'vi', 'war_Latn': 'war', 'wol_Latn': 'wo',
'xho_Latn': 'xh', 'ydd_Hebr': 'yi', 'yor_Latn': 'yo', 'yue_Hant': 'yue', 'zho_Hans': 'zh', 'zho_Hant': 'zh-Hant', 'zsm_Latn': 'ms', 'zul_Latn': 'zu',}

Known issues

There are several known issues of this dataset:

The translations of SmolDoc to Ho (Warang Citi script) (hoc) contain some instances of transliterated English, rather than actual Ho text. This is currently being corrected.
The translations to Mooré (mos) contain a mix of orthographies.
The translations into Kituba (ktu), Tulu (tcy), Nepali (ne), and Tibetan (bo) caused notable regressions in ChrF, suggesting that they are low-quality, though this could also be an issue with training or evaluation.
The Manx (gv) split of GATITOS that was originally released was spurious. It has been removed.

Citations

To cite SMOL and GATITOS, please use the following:

@misc{caswell2025smol,
      title={{SMOL: Professionally translated parallel data for 115 under-represented languages}},
      author={Isaac Caswell and Elizabeth Nielsen and Jiaming Luo and Colin Cherry and Geza Kovacs and Hadar Shemtov and Partha Talukdar and Dinesh Tewari and Baba Mamadi Diane and Koulako Moussa Doumbouya and Djibrila Diane and Solo Farabado Cissé and Edoardo Ferrante and Alessandro Guasoni and Mamadou K. Keita and Sudhamoy DebBarma and Ali Kuzhuget and David Anugraha and Muhammad Ravi Shulthan Habibi and Sina Ahmadi and Mingfei Lau and Jonathan Eng},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2502.12301},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.12301},
}

@inproceedings{jones-etal-2023-gatitos,
    title = {{"GATITOS: Using a New Multilingual Lexicon for Low-resource Machine Translation"}},
    author = "Jones, Alexander  and
      Caswell, Isaac  and
      Firat, Orhan  and
      Saxena, Ishank",
    editor = "Bouamor, Houda  and
      Pino, Juan  and
      Bali, Kalika",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = dec,
    year = "2023",
    address = "Singapore",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2023.emnlp-main.26/",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.26",
    pages = "371--405",
    abstract = "Modern machine translation models and language models are able to translate without having been trained on parallel data, greatly expanding the set of languages that they can serve. However, these models still struggle in a variety of predictable ways, a problem that cannot be overcome without at least some trusted bilingual data. This work expands on a cheap and abundant resource to combat this problem: bilingual lexica. We test the efficacy of bilingual lexica in a real-world set-up, on 200-language translation models trained on web-crawled text. We present several findings: (1) using lexical data augmentation, we demonstrate sizable performance gains for unsupervised translation; (2) we compare several families of data augmentation, demonstrating that they yield similar improvements, and can be combined for even greater improvements; (3) we demonstrate the importance of carefully curated lexica over larger, noisier ones, especially with larger models; and (4) we compare the efficacy of multilingual lexicon data versus human-translated parallel data. Based on results from (3), we develop and open-source GATITOS, a high-quality, curated dataset in 168 tail languages, one of the first human-translated resources to cover many of these languages."
}

Contact

We welcome contributions, corrections, and suggestions, especially from speakers of these languages. If you speak any of these languages and notice quality issues, please file bugs on this repo or contact {icaswell, eknielsen}꩜google.com. This repository may be updated sporadically with corrections or additional translations.

License

This data is released under cc-by-4.0