README.md

---
license: cc-by-nc-nd-4.0
configs:
- config_name: cps_poseidon
  data_files: CPS_Poseidon.parquet
- config_name: cps_triton
  data_files: CPS_Triton.parquet
- config_name: oss_ceto
  data_files: OSS_Ceto.parquet
tags:
- timeseries
- tabular
- Time Series Regression
- Marine
- Ship
- Fuel Consumption
pretty_name: FuelCast
task_categories:
- tabular-regression
- time-series-forecasting
---

# Dataset for the **FuelCast Benchmark - Benchmarking Tabular and Temporal Models for Ship Fuel Consumption**

The related paper is available as a preprint on ArXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08217

## Dataset

The dataset was created using three main sources:
- High frequency auto logger data of important parameters from the ship, recorded by the [KROHNE EcoMATE™ system](https://www.krohne.com/en-us/solutions/monitoring-solutions/ecomate-fuel-emission-monitoring-seagoing-vessels).
- Environment data from [Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service](https://marine.copernicus.eu/)
- Weather hintcast data from [OpenMeteo](https://open-meteo.com/)

<img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/6883322683873f346bfaf8e5/SjFnr6B6Fqxkk9d-GBww_.png" width="600"/>

## Tasks

### Fuel Consumption Prediction

The main task of the FuelCast Benchmark is to predict (or better simulate) the total fuel consumption of a ship
under arbitrary operational and environmental conditions.

<img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/6883322683873f346bfaf8e5/m7qzji8webtFwV6kzTsY3.png" width="400"/>

The chosen **input variables** `X` are:
- Ship_SpeedOverGround
- Environment_SeaFloorDepth
- Weather_Temperature2m
- Weather_WindSpeed10m
- Weather_WindDirection10m
- Weather_WaveHeight
- Weather_WaveDirection
- Weather_WavePeriod
- Weather_OceanCurrentVelocity
- Weather_OceanCurrentDirection

The **target variable** `y` to predict is
- Consumer_Total_MomentaryFuel

## Column Description

### Index

The data was sampled using 5-minute intervals. Each interval has a unique index which acts as a timestamp equivalent.

| Column | Data Type | Unit | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| index | int64 | - | The 5-minutes timestep index of the data sample starting with 0. |

### Ship Data

| Column | Data Type | Unit | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ship_SpeedOverGround | f64 | m / s | The speed over ground (SOG) of the vessel. |
| Ship_SpeedThroughWater | f64 | m / s | The speed through water (STW) of the vessel. |
| Ship_Heading | f64 | ° | The heading of the vessel, typically measured by a magnetic compass. |
| Ship_Bearing | f64 | ° | The bearing / track (direction of movement) of the vessel, calculated using GPS. |
| Ship_AnemometerWindDirection | f64 | ° | The measured wind direction (relative to the vessel speed/heading). |
| Ship_AnemometerWindSpeed | f64 | m / s | The measured wind speed (relative to the vessel). |
| Ship_DraftAft | f64 | m | The vessel draft aft |
| Ship_DraftFore | f64 | m | The vessel draft fore |

### Consumer Data

Data from all fuel consumers like engines or boilers.

| Column | Data Type | Unit | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Consumer_\<consumer-name>_FuelType | String | - | The type of the used fuel per consumer. E.g. DM, RM 380, ... |
| Consumer_\<consumer-name>_RotationSpeed | f64 | rpm | Rotation speed of the consumer shaft. Only available for engines. |
| Consumer_\<consumer-name>_ShaftPower | f64 | W | The output power of the consumer. Only available for engines. |
| Consumer_\<consumer-name>_MomentaryFuel | f64 | kg / s | The measured fuel consumption of the consumer. |
| Consumer_Total_MomentaryFuel | f64 | kg / s | The measured fuel consumption of all consumers together. |
| Consumer_Total_ShaftPower | f64 | W | The output power of all engines together. |

### Propeller Data

| Column | Data Type | Unit | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Propeller_\<consumer-name>_ShaftPower | f64 | W | The power of the propeller shaft. |
| Propeller_\<consumer-name>_RotationSpeed | f64 | rpm | The RPM of the propeller. |
| Propeller_\<consumer-name>_ShaftTorque | f64 | N m | The torque of the propeller shaft. |
| Propeller_Total_ShaftPower | f64 | W | The power of all propeller shafts together. |

### Environment Data

The environment data is based on reanalysis data ([Global Ocean Waves Analysis and Forecast](https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/PUM/CMEMS-GLO-PUM-001-027.pdf)) from [Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service](https://marine.copernicus.eu/).

| Column | Data Type | Unit | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Environment_SeaFloorDepth | f64 | m | The sea floor depth below sea level (bathymetry) from Copernicus Marine. |

### Weather Data

The weather data is based on reanalysis data ([Historical Forecast](https://open-meteo.com/en/docs/historical-forecast-api) and [Marine Forecast](https://open-meteo.com/en/docs/marine-weather-api)) from satellite images and other sources. The data was taken from [OpenMeteo](https://open-meteo.com/).

| Column | Data Type | Unit | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Weather_Temperature2m            | f64       | °C                     | OpenMeteo: The air temperature at 2 meters above ground.                                         |
| Weather_RelativeHumidity2m       | f64       | \%                     | OpenMeteo: The relative humidity at 2 meters above ground.                                       |
| Weather_Precipitation            | f64       | mm                     | OpenMeteo: Total precipitation (rain, showers, snow) sum of the preceding hour.                  |
| Weather_WeatherCode              | f64       | WMO code               | OpenMeteo: Weather condition as a numeric code following WMO weather interpretation codes.       |
| Weather_SurfacePressure          | f64       | hPa                    | OpenMeteo: Atmospheric air pressure at surface level; decreases with elevation.                  |
| Weather_WindSpeed10m             | f64       | m/2                    | OpenMeteo: Wind speed at 10 meters above ground.                                                 |
| Weather_WindDirection10m         | f64       | °                      | OpenMeteo: Wind direction at 10 meters above ground.                                             |
| Weather_WindGusts10m             | f64       | m/s                    | OpenMeteo: Maximum wind gusts at 10 meters above ground over the preceding hour.                 |
| Weather_ShortwaveRadiation       | f64       | W / m^2                | OpenMeteo: Average shortwave solar radiation over the preceding hour.                            |
| Weather_DirectRadiation          | f64       | W / m^2                | OpenMeteo: Average direct solar radiation on the horizontal plane over the preceding hour.       |
| Weather_DiffuseRadiation         | f64       | W / m^2                | OpenMeteo: Average diffuse solar radiation over the preceding hour.                              |
| Weather_DirectNormalIrradiance   | f64       | W / m^2                | OpenMeteo: Average direct solar radiation on the normal plane over the preceding hour.           |
| Weather_SunshineDuration         | f64       | s                      | OpenMeteo: Sum of sunshine duration within the preceding hour.                                   |
| Weather_WaveHeight               | f64       | m                      | OpenMeteo: Significant mean wave height.                                                         |
| Weather_WaveDirection            | f64       | °                      | OpenMeteo: Mean direction of significant waves.                                                  |
| Weather_WavePeriod               | f64       | s                      | OpenMeteo: Period between significant waves.                                                     |
| Weather_WindWaveHeight           | f64       | m                      | OpenMeteo: Significant wind wave height.                                                         |
| Weather_WindWaveDirection        | f64       | °                      | OpenMeteo: Mean direction of wind waves.                                                         |
| Weather_WindWavePeriod           | f64       | s                      | OpenMeteo: Period between wind waves.                                                            |
| Weather_WindWavePeakPeriod       | f64       | s                      | OpenMeteo: Peak period between wind waves.                                                       |
| Weather_SwellWaveHeight          | f64       | m                      | OpenMeteo: Significant swell wave height.                                                        |
| Weather_SwellWaveDirection       | f64       | °                      | OpenMeteo: Mean direction of swell waves.                                                        |
| Weather_SwellWavePeriod          | f64       | s                      | OpenMeteo: Period between swell waves.                                                           |
| Weather_SwellWavePeakPeriod      | f64       | s                      | OpenMeteo: Peak period between swell waves.                                                      |
| Weather_OceanCurrentVelocity     | f64       | m / s                  | OpenMeteo: Ocean current velocity considering all components.                                    |
| Weather_OceanCurrentDirection    | f64       | °                      | OpenMeteo: Direction of the ocean current flow.                                                  |

## Citation

```
@misc{viga2025fuelcastbenchmarkingtabulartemporal,
      title={FuelCast: Benchmarking Tabular and Temporal Models for Ship Fuel Consumption}, 
      author={Justus Viga and Penelope Mueck and Alexander Löser and Torben Weis},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2510.08217},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.LG},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08217}, 
}
```