id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 25.7k | answers dict | prompt stringlengths 238 26.3k | ppl_gpt2_large_s19e34 float64 23.4 217 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
572bb84df75d5e190021feb6 | Education | Gratitude for all these resources and the determination to develop oneself would be more productive than criticism and blame because the resources are readily available and because, if you blame others, there is no need for you to do something different tomorrow or for you to change and improve. Where there is a will, ... | What do students also need occasionally before putting blame on teachers? | {
"answer_start": [
595
],
"text": [
"gratitude for the resources they have"
]
} | Context: Gratitude for all these resources and the determination to develop oneself would be more productive than criticism and blame because the resources are readily available and because, if you blame others, there is no need for you to do something different tomorrow or for you to change and improve. Where there is... | 186.493942 |
5726a3d5708984140094ccad | Mexico_City | Mexico City is served by Mexico City International Airport (IATA Airport Code: MEX). This airport is Latin America's second busiest and one of the largests in traffic, with daily flights to United States and Canada, mainland Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, South America, Europe and Asia. Aeroméxico (Skyteam)... | What is the name of the major airport in Mexico City? | {
"answer_start": [
25
],
"text": [
"Mexico City International Airport"
]
} | Context: Mexico City is served by Mexico City International Airport (IATA Airport Code: MEX). This airport is Latin America's second busiest and one of the largests in traffic, with daily flights to United States and Canada, mainland Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, South America, Europe and Asia. Aeroméxico ... | 196.601349 |
572966243f37b31900478333 | Green | In the subtractive color system, used in painting and color printing, green is created by a combination of yellow and blue, or yellow and cyan; in the RGB color model, used on television and computer screens, it is one of the additive primary colors, along with red and blue, which are mixed in different combinations to... | In which color system is green created by combining yellow and blue? | {
"answer_start": [
7
],
"text": [
"subtractive"
]
} | Context: In the subtractive color system, used in painting and color printing, green is created by a combination of yellow and blue, or yellow and cyan; in the RGB color model, used on television and computer screens, it is one of the additive primary colors, along with red and blue, which are mixed in different combin... | 189.092285 |
5727f3593acd2414000df0b0 | Northwestern_University | In the fall of 2014, among the six undergraduate schools, 40.6% of undergraduate students are enrolled in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, 21.3% in the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, 14.3% in the School of Communication, 11.7% in the Medill School of Journalism, 5.7% in the Bienen School... | In the fall of 2014, which school did 21.3% of undergraduates enroll in? | {
"answer_start": [
162
],
"text": [
"McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science"
]
} | Context: In the fall of 2014, among the six undergraduate schools, 40.6% of undergraduate students are enrolled in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, 21.3% in the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, 14.3% in the School of Communication, 11.7% in the Medill School of Journalism, 5.7% in the Bien... | 128.162094 |
56e82bec37bdd419002c4484 | Dialect | The extent to which the dialects are spoken varies according to a number of factors: In Northern Germany, dialects are less common than in the South. In cities, dialects are less common than on the countryside. In a public environment, dialects are less common than in a familiar environment. | Dialects are more frequently seen in the countryside as compared to what population centers? | {
"answer_start": [
153
],
"text": [
"cities"
]
} | Context: The extent to which the dialects are spoken varies according to a number of factors: In Northern Germany, dialects are less common than in the South. In cities, dialects are less common than on the countryside. In a public environment, dialects are less common than in a familiar environment.
Question: Dialects... | 96.678963 |
572a211b3f37b31900478718 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In classical physics, an inertial reference frame is one in which an object that experiences no forces does not accelerate. In general relativity, an inertial frame of reference is one that is following a geodesic of space-time. An object that moves against a geodesic experiences a force. An object in free fall does no... | What follows a geodesic of space-time? | {
"answer_start": [
147
],
"text": [
"an inertial frame of reference"
]
} | Context: In classical physics, an inertial reference frame is one in which an object that experiences no forces does not accelerate. In general relativity, an inertial frame of reference is one that is following a geodesic of space-time. An object that moves against a geodesic experiences a force. An object in free fal... | 105.885147 |
572fb178a23a5019007fc8ae | Greeks | The ethnogenesis of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC. According to some scholars, the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC, when the idea of a common Hellenism among the Greek tribes was first translated into a shared cultural experience and Hellenism wa... | What was the foundation for spirituality and church ? | {
"answer_start": [
360
],
"text": [
"The works of Homer (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) and Hesiod (i.e. Theogony)"
]
} | Context: The ethnogenesis of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC. According to some scholars, the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC, when the idea of a common Hellenism among the Greek tribes was first translated into a shared cultural experience and Hel... | 111.124687 |
572bfa9ef182dd1900d7c7a2 | God | The earliest written form of the Germanic word God (always, in this usage, capitalized) comes from the 6th-century Christian Codex Argenteus. The English word itself is derived from the Proto-Germanic * ǥuđan. The reconstructed Proto-Indo-European form * ǵhu-tó-m was likely based on the root * ǵhau(ə)-, which meant eit... | Where does the word God come from originally? | {
"answer_start": [
125
],
"text": [
"Codex Argenteus"
]
} | Context: The earliest written form of the Germanic word God (always, in this usage, capitalized) comes from the 6th-century Christian Codex Argenteus. The English word itself is derived from the Proto-Germanic * ǥuđan. The reconstructed Proto-Indo-European form * ǵhu-tó-m was likely based on the root * ǵhau(ə)-, which ... | 180.361984 |
57294fd36aef051400154ca7 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | The American Civil War boosted the local economy with wartime purchases of industrial goods, including that of the New Haven Arms Company, which would later become the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. (Winchester would continue to produce arms in New Haven until 2006, and many of the buildings that were a part of the... | In modern day New Haven who makes up for majority of the demographics in terms of ethnicity? | {
"answer_start": [
661
],
"text": [
"Italian-American"
]
} | Context: The American Civil War boosted the local economy with wartime purchases of industrial goods, including that of the New Haven Arms Company, which would later become the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. (Winchester would continue to produce arms in New Haven until 2006, and many of the buildings that were a pa... | 140.866959 |
5727b2612ca10214002d9424 | USB | The original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s "Low Speed" and 12 Mbit/s "Full Speed". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998. The 12 Mbit/... | When was the original USB 1.0 Specification introduced? | {
"answer_start": [
60
],
"text": [
"January 1996"
]
} | Context: The original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s "Low Speed" and 12 Mbit/s "Full Speed". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998. The... | 216.023697 |
572658abdd62a815002e824b | Poultry | In free-range husbandry, the birds can roam freely outdoors for at least part of the day. Often, this is in large enclosures, but the birds have access to natural conditions and can exhibit their normal behaviours. A more intensive system is yarding, in which the birds have access to a fenced yard and poultry house at ... | What is yarding in relation to the pultry industry? | {
"answer_start": [
264
],
"text": [
"birds have access to a fenced yard and poultry house at a higher stocking rate"
]
} | Context: In free-range husbandry, the birds can roam freely outdoors for at least part of the day. Often, this is in large enclosures, but the birds have access to natural conditions and can exhibit their normal behaviours. A more intensive system is yarding, in which the birds have access to a fenced yard and poultry ... | 197.062454 |
571aa3cf10f8ca140030522c | Umayyad_Caliphate | Geographically, the empire was divided into several provinces, the borders of which changed numerous times during the Umayyad reign. Each province had a governor appointed by the khalifah. The governor was in charge of the religious officials, army leaders, police, and civil administrators in his province. Local expens... | Where was the government of the Umayyads based? | {
"answer_start": [
442
],
"text": [
"Damascus"
]
} | Context: Geographically, the empire was divided into several provinces, the borders of which changed numerous times during the Umayyad reign. Each province had a governor appointed by the khalifah. The governor was in charge of the religious officials, army leaders, police, and civil administrators in his province. Loc... | 158.912109 |
5731cb92e99e3014001e628f | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ... | Stewart felt the court was not responsibly aided by the uncritical invocation of what? | {
"answer_start": [
523
],
"text": [
"metaphors"
]
} | Context: The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, obj... | 186.164597 |
56cee58daab44d1400b88c1e | Spectre_(2015_film) | During the December 2014 press conference announcing the start of filming, Aston Martin and Eon unveiled the new DB10 as the official car for the film. The DB10 was designed in collaboration between Aston Martin and the filmmakers, with only 10 being produced especially for Spectre as a celebration of the 50th annivers... | What were the two DB10s that were not needed for filming used for? | {
"answer_start": [
461
],
"text": [
"promotional work"
]
} | Context: During the December 2014 press conference announcing the start of filming, Aston Martin and Eon unveiled the new DB10 as the official car for the film. The DB10 was designed in collaboration between Aston Martin and the filmmakers, with only 10 being produced especially for Spectre as a celebration of the 50th... | 157.152206 |
5731752de6313a140071cf58 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Native American music in North America is almost entirely monophonic, but there are notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often centers around drumming. Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps were also popular percussive instruments. Flutes were made of rivercane, cedar, and other woods. The tuning of these ... | What are examples of popular percussive instruments of Native Americans? | {
"answer_start": [
169
],
"text": [
"Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps"
]
} | Context: Native American music in North America is almost entirely monophonic, but there are notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often centers around drumming. Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps were also popular percussive instruments. Flutes were made of rivercane, cedar, and other woods. The tuning ... | 204.37944 |
56f984f59e9bad19000a0a0c | Brain | The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the ... | Reticular neurons transfer signals to what part of the brain? | {
"answer_start": [
316
],
"text": [
"the thalamus"
]
} | Context: The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signal... | 149.097366 |
57279afddd62a815002ea1d3 | Switzerland | Apart from the United Nations headquarters, the Swiss Confederation is host to many UN agencies, like the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and about 200 other internati... | What does the ILO stand for? | {
"answer_start": [
143
],
"text": [
"International Labour Organization"
]
} | Context: Apart from the United Nations headquarters, the Swiss Confederation is host to many UN agencies, like the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and about 200 other ... | 70.226959 |
56e1c607e3433e1400423164 | Catalan_language | Literary Catalan allows the use of words from different dialects, except those of very restricted use. However, from the 19th century onwards, there is a tendency of favoring words of Northern dialects in detriment of others, even though nowadays there is a greater freedom of choice. | What kind of choice is now available in word choice? | {
"answer_start": [
258
],
"text": [
"greater freedom of choice"
]
} | Context: Literary Catalan allows the use of words from different dialects, except those of very restricted use. However, from the 19th century onwards, there is a tendency of favoring words of Northern dialects in detriment of others, even though nowadays there is a greater freedom of choice.
Question: What kind of cho... | 196.21257 |
56fdfa85761e401900d28c86 | Computer | I/O is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world. Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called peripherals. On a typical personal computer, peripherals include input devices like the keyboard and mouse, and output devices such as the display and printer. Hard disk dri... | A mouse is what type of peripheral device? | {
"answer_start": [
212
],
"text": [
"input"
]
} | Context: I/O is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world. Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called peripherals. On a typical personal computer, peripherals include input devices like the keyboard and mouse, and output devices such as the display and printer. Hard... | 143.708069 |
5709a209ed30961900e84399 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino". However, ... | In addition to Hispanic and Latino, what other ethnic category is included in the United States Census? | {
"answer_start": [
286
],
"text": [
"Not Hispanic or Latino"
]
} | Context: Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino". ... | 151.488205 |
5705df8d75f01819005e76ca | The_Times | The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including The Times of India (founded in 1838), The Straits Times (Singapore) (1845), The New York Times (1851), The Irish Times (1859), Le Temps (France) (1861-1942), the Cape Times (South Africa) (1872), th... | What year did The Times of India start? | {
"answer_start": [
153
],
"text": [
"1838"
]
} | Context: The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including The Times of India (founded in 1838), The Straits Times (Singapore) (1845), The New York Times (1851), The Irish Times (1859), Le Temps (France) (1861-1942), the Cape Times (South Africa) (... | 83.322372 |
570e10d20b85d914000d7c9c | Antarctica | Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since the times of Ptolemy... | What was Antarctica presumed to be by the ancient thinkers? | {
"answer_start": [
221
],
"text": [
"balance"
]
} | Context: Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since the times o... | 113.124275 |
56d24619b329da140004ecc1 | Buddhism | Prajñā (Sanskrit) or paññā (Pāli) means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination, The Four Noble Truths and the three marks of existence. Prajñā is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi. It is spoken of as the principal means of attaining nirvāṇa, through its reve... | What is listed as the sixth of the six paramitas of the mahayana? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Prajñā"
]
} | Context: Prajñā (Sanskrit) or paññā (Pāli) means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination, The Four Noble Truths and the three marks of existence. Prajñā is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi. It is spoken of as the principal means of attaining nirvāṇa, through... | 126.939117 |
56e17841cd28a01900c6799a | Boston | Between 1999 and 2006, Bicycling magazine named Boston three times as one of the worst cities in the US for cycling; regardless, it has one of the highest rates of bicycle commuting. In 2008, as a consequence of improvements made to bicycling conditions within the city, the same magazine put Boston on its "Five for the... | What year did Hubway launch? | {
"answer_start": [
513
],
"text": [
"2011"
]
} | Context: Between 1999 and 2006, Bicycling magazine named Boston three times as one of the worst cities in the US for cycling; regardless, it has one of the highest rates of bicycle commuting. In 2008, as a consequence of improvements made to bicycling conditions within the city, the same magazine put Boston on its "Fiv... | 205.022873 |
57327cb4e99e3014001e67e4 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which... | What did the Eisenhower administration refer to the downed U-2 as? | {
"answer_start": [
288
],
"text": [
"weather research aircraft"
]
} | Context: Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircra... | 201.177917 |
57102822a58dae1900cd692e | Elizabeth_II | At her Silver Jubilee in 1977, the crowds and celebrations were genuinely enthusiastic, but in the 1980s, public criticism of the royal family increased, as the personal and working lives of Elizabeth's children came under media scrutiny. Elizabeth's popularity sank to a low point in the 1990s. Under pressure from publ... | When was Elizabeth's Silver Jubilee? | {
"answer_start": [
25
],
"text": [
"1977"
]
} | Context: At her Silver Jubilee in 1977, the crowds and celebrations were genuinely enthusiastic, but in the 1980s, public criticism of the royal family increased, as the personal and working lives of Elizabeth's children came under media scrutiny. Elizabeth's popularity sank to a low point in the 1990s. Under pressure ... | 187.73111 |
57266fd6708984140094c5f9 | British_Empire | During his voyage, Cook also visited New Zealand, first discovered by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642, and claimed the North and South islands for the British crown in 1769 and 1770 respectively. Initially, interaction between the indigenous Māori population and Europeans was limited to the trading of goods. Europea... | When did Cook visit New Zealand and claim the North Island? | {
"answer_start": [
171
],
"text": [
"1769"
]
} | Context: During his voyage, Cook also visited New Zealand, first discovered by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642, and claimed the North and South islands for the British crown in 1769 and 1770 respectively. Initially, interaction between the indigenous Māori population and Europeans was limited to the trading of goods... | 205.920532 |
56e098707aa994140058e606 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state i... | How many autonomous republics make up the RSFSR? | {
"answer_start": [
532
],
"text": [
"sixteen"
]
} | Context: The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereig... | 133.013351 |
5726c1d1dd62a815002e8fa0 | Pesticide | Since before 2000 BC, humans have utilized pesticides to protect their crops. The first known pesticide was elemental sulfur dusting used in ancient Sumer about 4,500 years ago in ancient Mesopotamia. The Rig Veda, which is about 4,000 years old, mentions the use of poisonous plants for pest control. By the 15th centur... | What is the source used to exact nicotine sulfate? | {
"answer_start": [
474
],
"text": [
"tobacco leaves"
]
} | Context: Since before 2000 BC, humans have utilized pesticides to protect their crops. The first known pesticide was elemental sulfur dusting used in ancient Sumer about 4,500 years ago in ancient Mesopotamia. The Rig Veda, which is about 4,000 years old, mentions the use of poisonous plants for pest control. By the 15... | 208.064423 |
570b828bec8fbc190045ba4e | Great_Plains | The Great Plains is the broad expanse of flat land (a plain), much of it covered in prairie, steppe and grassland, that lies west of the Mississippi River tallgrass prairie states and east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada. This area covers parts, but not all, of the states of Colorado, Kansas, Mon... | what is the region known for? | {
"answer_start": [
507
],
"text": [
"extensive cattle ranching"
]
} | Context: The Great Plains is the broad expanse of flat land (a plain), much of it covered in prairie, steppe and grassland, that lies west of the Mississippi River tallgrass prairie states and east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada. This area covers parts, but not all, of the states of Colorado, Ka... | 115.109344 |
5728484a3acd2414000df877 | War_on_Terror | The Obama administration began to reengage in Iraq with a series of airstrikes aimed at ISIS beginning on 10 August 2014. On 9 September 2014 President Obama said that he had the authority he needed to take action to destroy the militant group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, citing the 2001 Authoriza... | Where were the Sep 21-22 airstrikes? | {
"answer_start": [
969
],
"text": [
"Syria"
]
} | Context: The Obama administration began to reengage in Iraq with a series of airstrikes aimed at ISIS beginning on 10 August 2014. On 9 September 2014 President Obama said that he had the authority he needed to take action to destroy the militant group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, citing the 2001 ... | 133.573563 |
5725b31769ff041400e58e35 | Napoleon | Napoléon Bonaparte (/nəˈpoʊliən, -ˈpoʊljən/; French: [napɔleɔ̃ bɔnapaʁt], born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the Revolutionary Wars. As Napoleon I, he was Em... | What did Napoleon bring civilly to his territories? | {
"answer_start": [
978
],
"text": [
"liberal reforms"
]
} | Context: Napoléon Bonaparte (/nəˈpoʊliən, -ˈpoʊljən/; French: [napɔleɔ̃ bɔnapaʁt], born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the Revolutionary Wars. As Napoleon I, ... | 173.060089 |
5733ae924776f41900661015 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restricti... | Where does Notre Dame rank in terms of academic profile among research universities in the US? | {
"answer_start": [
213
],
"text": [
"the top 10 to 15 in the nation"
]
} | Context: Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-... | 182.582733 |
572e904bdfa6aa1500f8d14b | Richard_Feynman | While pursuing his PhD at Princeton, Feynman married his high school sweetheart, Arline Greenbaum (often misspelled "Arlene"), despite the knowledge that she was seriously ill with tuberculosis—an incurable disease at the time. She died in 1945. In 1946, Feynman wrote a letter to her, expressing his deep love and heart... | What was the name of the film that showed Feynman's life? | {
"answer_start": [
526
],
"text": [
"Infinity"
]
} | Context: While pursuing his PhD at Princeton, Feynman married his high school sweetheart, Arline Greenbaum (often misspelled "Arlene"), despite the knowledge that she was seriously ill with tuberculosis—an incurable disease at the time. She died in 1945. In 1946, Feynman wrote a letter to her, expressing his deep love ... | 168.004868 |
5725b72fec44d21400f3d43d | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | In November 2014, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced that they are adopting an open access (OA) policy for publications and data, "to enable the unrestricted access and reuse of all peer-reviewed published research funded by the foundation, including any underlying data sets". This move has been widely app... | What did the foundation announce in November 2014 | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"In November 2014, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced that they are adopting an open access (OA) policy for publications and data"
]
} | Context: In November 2014, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced that they are adopting an open access (OA) policy for publications and data, "to enable the unrestricted access and reuse of all peer-reviewed published research funded by the foundation, including any underlying data sets". This move has been w... | 136.153534 |
5730991d2461fd1900a9cef1 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic. These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blo... | What does Whitehead call experiences that are progressively connected? | {
"answer_start": [
692
],
"text": [
"society"
]
} | Context: In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic. These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic bui... | 196.216324 |
57273164708984140094dac6 | FA_Cup | The first six rounds are the Qualifying Competition, from which 32 teams progress to the first round of the Competition Proper, meeting the first of the 92 professional teams. The last entrants are the Premier League and Championship clubs, into the draw for the Third Round Proper. In the modern era, non-league teams h... | How many teams in the first round? | {
"answer_start": [
153
],
"text": [
"92 professional teams."
]
} | Context: The first six rounds are the Qualifying Competition, from which 32 teams progress to the first round of the Competition Proper, meeting the first of the 92 professional teams. The last entrants are the Premier League and Championship clubs, into the draw for the Third Round Proper. In the modern era, non-leagu... | 198.916641 |
56fdf66f761e401900d28c64 | Computer | The sequence of operations that the control unit goes through to process an instruction is in itself like a short computer program, and indeed, in some more complex CPU designs, there is another yet smaller computer called a microsequencer, which runs a microcode program that causes all of these events to happen. | A microsequencer can be found in what other computer component? | {
"answer_start": [
165
],
"text": [
"CPU"
]
} | Context: The sequence of operations that the control unit goes through to process an instruction is in itself like a short computer program, and indeed, in some more complex CPU designs, there is another yet smaller computer called a microsequencer, which runs a microcode program that causes all of these events to happ... | 197.841293 |
57101004b654c5140001f799 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Other capital crimes include: the use of a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death, espionage, terrorism, certain violations of the Geneva Conventions that result in the death of one or more persons, and treason at the federal level; aggravated rape in Louisiana, Florida, and Oklahoma; extortionate kidnapping in ... | What is a notable capital crime in Louisiana? | {
"answer_start": [
240
],
"text": [
"aggravated rape"
]
} | Context: Other capital crimes include: the use of a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death, espionage, terrorism, certain violations of the Geneva Conventions that result in the death of one or more persons, and treason at the federal level; aggravated rape in Louisiana, Florida, and Oklahoma; extortionate kidna... | 186.522324 |
572a2e1aaf94a219006aa86c | New_Haven,_Connecticut | New Haven is the birthplace of former president George W. Bush, who was born when his father, former president George H. W. Bush, was living in New Haven while a student at Yale. In addition to being the site of the college educations of both Presidents Bush, as Yale students, New Haven was also the temporary home of f... | Yale University is heavily affiliate with our presidential candidates since what year? | {
"answer_start": [
827
],
"text": [
"1968"
]
} | Context: New Haven is the birthplace of former president George W. Bush, who was born when his father, former president George H. W. Bush, was living in New Haven while a student at Yale. In addition to being the site of the college educations of both Presidents Bush, as Yale students, New Haven was also the temporary ... | 120.581749 |
570d6767fed7b91900d45ffc | Anti-aircraft_warfare | In some countries, such as Britain and Germany during the Second World War, the Soviet Union and NATO's Allied Command Europe, ground based air defence and air defence aircraft have been under integrated command and control. However, while overall air defence may be for homeland defence including military facilities, f... | What can be deployed as an offensive measure to refuse airspace use to an opponent? | {
"answer_start": [
437
],
"text": [
"A surface-based air defence capability"
]
} | Context: In some countries, such as Britain and Germany during the Second World War, the Soviet Union and NATO's Allied Command Europe, ground based air defence and air defence aircraft have been under integrated command and control. However, while overall air defence may be for homeland defence including military faci... | 214.726944 |
572616bfec44d21400f3d8a9 | Buckingham_Palace | Directly underneath the State Apartments is a suite of slightly less grand rooms known as the semi-state apartments. Opening from the Marble Hall, these rooms are used for less formal entertaining, such as luncheon parties and private audiences. Some of the rooms are named and decorated for particular visitors, such as... | Where are the Queen and Prince Phillip's apartments located? | {
"answer_start": [
721
],
"text": [
"the north wing"
]
} | Context: Directly underneath the State Apartments is a suite of slightly less grand rooms known as the semi-state apartments. Opening from the Marble Hall, these rooms are used for less formal entertaining, such as luncheon parties and private audiences. Some of the rooms are named and decorated for particular visitors... | 211.840881 |
572f98e5b2c2fd1400568230 | Pain | The experience of pain has many cultural dimensions. For instance, the way in which one experiences and responds to pain is related to sociocultural characteristics, such as gender, ethnicity, and age. An aging adult may not respond to pain in the way that a younger person would. Their ability to recognize pain may be ... | What might an aging adult not respond to the same way as a younger person would? | {
"answer_start": [
236
],
"text": [
"pain"
]
} | Context: The experience of pain has many cultural dimensions. For instance, the way in which one experiences and responds to pain is related to sociocultural characteristics, such as gender, ethnicity, and age. An aging adult may not respond to pain in the way that a younger person would. Their ability to recognize pai... | 140.503235 |
56d10c8c17492d1400aab811 | New_York_City | New York City's food culture includes a variety of international cuisines influenced by the city's immigrant history. Central European and Italian immigrants originally made the city famous for bagels, cheesecake, and New York-style pizza, while Chinese and other Asian restaurants, sandwich joints, trattorias, diners, ... | How many restaurants is New York home to? | {
"answer_start": [
776
],
"text": [
"24,000"
]
} | Context: New York City's food culture includes a variety of international cuisines influenced by the city's immigrant history. Central European and Italian immigrants originally made the city famous for bagels, cheesecake, and New York-style pizza, while Chinese and other Asian restaurants, sandwich joints, trattorias,... | 149.366989 |
5726e051708984140094d471 | Mali | Medical facilities in Mali are very limited, and medicines are in short supply. Malaria and other arthropod-borne diseases are prevalent in Mali, as are a number of infectious diseases such as cholera and tuberculosis. Mali's population also suffers from a high rate of child malnutrition and a low rate of immunization.... | Malians suffer from malnutrition and low rates of what type of medical need? | {
"answer_start": [
307
],
"text": [
"immunization"
]
} | Context: Medical facilities in Mali are very limited, and medicines are in short supply. Malaria and other arthropod-borne diseases are prevalent in Mali, as are a number of infectious diseases such as cholera and tuberculosis. Mali's population also suffers from a high rate of child malnutrition and a low rate of immu... | 175.890518 |
570a9a214103511400d59868 | Houston | According to the 2010 Census, whites made up 51% of Houston's population; 26% of the total population were non-Hispanic whites. Blacks or African Americans made up 25% of Houston's population. American Indians made up 0.7% of the population. Asians made up 6% (1.7% Vietnamese, 1.3% Chinese, 1.3% Indian, 0.9% Pakistani,... | What group makes up 6 % of Houston's population? | {
"answer_start": [
242
],
"text": [
"Asians"
]
} | Context: According to the 2010 Census, whites made up 51% of Houston's population; 26% of the total population were non-Hispanic whites. Blacks or African Americans made up 25% of Houston's population. American Indians made up 0.7% of the population. Asians made up 6% (1.7% Vietnamese, 1.3% Chinese, 1.3% Indian, 0.9% P... | 58.657745 |
56bf940da10cfb140055118a | Beyoncé | Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day was released on September 5, 2006, in the US, to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday. It sold 541,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200, becoming Beyoncé's second consecutive number-one album in the United States. The album's lead single "Déjà Vu", featuri... | What artist did Beyonce duet with in the single, "Deja Vu''? | {
"answer_start": [
323
],
"text": [
"Jay Z"
]
} | Context: Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day was released on September 5, 2006, in the US, to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday. It sold 541,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200, becoming Beyoncé's second consecutive number-one album in the United States. The album's lead single "Déjà Vu"... | 165.911407 |
5726c9c25951b619008f7e22 | Korean_War | On 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, wit... | Where did Mao Zedong declare that he would intervene in the Korean conflict? | {
"answer_start": [
381
],
"text": [
"the Politburo"
]
} | Context: On 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August ... | 173.967285 |
572fd7db947a6a140053cd46 | Premier_League | An exception to the usual European qualification system happened in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place in the Premier League that season. UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England f... | How many qualifiers did England have for the Champions League in 2005? | {
"answer_start": [
228
],
"text": [
"UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England five qualifiers."
]
} | Context: An exception to the usual European qualification system happened in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place in the Premier League that season. UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving ... | 198.259537 |
570b2dd76b8089140040f7d4 | Gregorian_calendar | "Old Style" (OS) and "New Style" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there is some ... | What designation was added to British dates to differentiate them from countries not using the new calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"\"Old Style\" (OS) and \"New Style\""
]
} | Context: "Old Style" (OS) and "New Style" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there... | 194.342926 |
573297e90d034c1900ab0035 | Police | Law enforcement, however, constitutes only part of policing activity. Policing has included an array of activities in different situations, but the predominant ones are concerned with the preservation of order. In some societies, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, these developed within the context of maintaini... | How are police usually paid? | {
"answer_start": [
535
],
"text": [
"through taxes"
]
} | Context: Law enforcement, however, constitutes only part of policing activity. Policing has included an array of activities in different situations, but the predominant ones are concerned with the preservation of order. In some societies, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, these developed within the context of ... | 155.577713 |
5728402c4b864d19001647f9 | Federalism | The structures of most federal governments incorporate mechanisms to protect the rights of component states. One method, known as 'intrastate federalism', is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions. Where a federation has a bicameral legislature the upper house is oft... | What is one method to protect the rights of the component states? | {
"answer_start": [
131
],
"text": [
"intrastate federalism"
]
} | Context: The structures of most federal governments incorporate mechanisms to protect the rights of component states. One method, known as 'intrastate federalism', is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions. Where a federation has a bicameral legislature the upper hou... | 103.373047 |
5726bea0708984140094d01f | Mexico_City | The Centro Nacional de las Artes (National Center for the Arts has several venues for music, theatre, dance. UNAM's main campus, also in the southern part of the city, is home to the Centro Cultural Universitario (the University Culture Center) (CCU). The CCU also houses the National Library, the interactive Universum,... | Where is Tlatelolco located? | {
"answer_start": [
637
],
"text": [
"north-central Mexico City"
]
} | Context: The Centro Nacional de las Artes (National Center for the Arts has several venues for music, theatre, dance. UNAM's main campus, also in the southern part of the city, is home to the Centro Cultural Universitario (the University Culture Center) (CCU). The CCU also houses the National Library, the interactive U... | 165.024261 |
572f96ce947a6a140053ca91 | Modern_history | After World War II, Europe was informally split into Western and Soviet spheres of influence. Western Europe later aligned as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Eastern Europe as the Warsaw Pact. There was a shift in power from Western Europe and the British Empire to the two new superpowers, the United ... | What did the defeat of Japan mean for Asia? | {
"answer_start": [
433
],
"text": [
"led to its democratization."
]
} | Context: After World War II, Europe was informally split into Western and Soviet spheres of influence. Western Europe later aligned as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Eastern Europe as the Warsaw Pact. There was a shift in power from Western Europe and the British Empire to the two new superpowers, th... | 115.145088 |
570be2d2ec8fbc190045bbbe | Digestion | In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of... | What is the first step in the human digestive system? | {
"answer_start": [
100
],
"text": [
"the action of mastication (chewing)"
]
} | Context: In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the dig... | 145.750244 |
5727a7603acd2414000de8eb | Switzerland | Switzerland voted against membership in the European Economic Area in a referendum in December 1992 and has since maintained and developed its relationships with the European Union (EU) and European countries through bilateral agreements. In March 2001, the Swiss people refused in a popular vote to start accession nego... | What have the Swiss tried to enhance by conforming to EU economic practices? | {
"answer_start": [
496
],
"text": [
"international competitiveness"
]
} | Context: Switzerland voted against membership in the European Economic Area in a referendum in December 1992 and has since maintained and developed its relationships with the European Union (EU) and European countries through bilateral agreements. In March 2001, the Swiss people refused in a popular vote to start acces... | 105.011856 |
572604d7ec44d21400f3d802 | Buckingham_Palace | Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as "... | For whom was Buckingham house originally built? | {
"answer_start": [
117
],
"text": [
"Duke of Buckingham"
]
} | Context: Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became k... | 209.307678 |
572f7c53947a6a140053c9ab | Han_dynasty | In addition to his many other roles, the emperor acted as the highest priest in the land who made sacrifices to Heaven, the main deities known as the Five Powers, and the spirits (shen 神) of mountains and rivers. It was believed that the three realms of Heaven, Earth, and Mankind were linked by natural cycles of yin an... | What type of geological event was feared could be caused by the morals of the emperor? | {
"answer_start": [
518
],
"text": [
"earthquakes"
]
} | Context: In addition to his many other roles, the emperor acted as the highest priest in the land who made sacrifices to Heaven, the main deities known as the Five Powers, and the spirits (shen 神) of mountains and rivers. It was believed that the three realms of Heaven, Earth, and Mankind were linked by natural cycles ... | 185.258591 |
572790c15951b619008f8d9f | Textual_criticism | The stemmatic method's final step is emendatio, also sometimes referred to as "conjectural emendation." But in fact, the critic employs conjecture at every step of the process. Some of the method's rules that are designed to reduce the exercise of editorial judgment do not necessarily produce the correct result. For ex... | Why may the dominant reading may be the weaker reading? | {
"answer_start": [
459
],
"text": [
", it may be no more than fortuitous that more witnesses have survived that present a particular reading"
]
} | Context: The stemmatic method's final step is emendatio, also sometimes referred to as "conjectural emendation." But in fact, the critic employs conjecture at every step of the process. Some of the method's rules that are designed to reduce the exercise of editorial judgment do not necessarily produce the correct resul... | 159.817612 |
570ac3de6d058f19001830d2 | Aircraft_carrier | India started the construction of a 40,000-tonne, 260-metre-long (850 ft) Vikrant-class aircraft carrier in 2009. The new carrier will operate MiG-29K and naval HAL Tejas aircraft along with the Indian-made helicopter HAL Dhruv. The ship will be powered by four gas-turbine engines and will have a range of 8,000 nautica... | Who started construction of a 40,000-tonne Vikrant-class carrier in 2009? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"India"
]
} | Context: India started the construction of a 40,000-tonne, 260-metre-long (850 ft) Vikrant-class aircraft carrier in 2009. The new carrier will operate MiG-29K and naval HAL Tejas aircraft along with the Indian-made helicopter HAL Dhruv. The ship will be powered by four gas-turbine engines and will have a range of 8,00... | 172.723648 |
5727b2d43acd2414000dea0b | North_Carolina | North Carolina has rich traditions in art, music, and cuisine. The nonprofit arts and culture industry generates $1.2 billion in direct economic activity in North Carolina, supporting more than 43,600 full-time equivalent jobs and generating $119 million in revenue for local governments and the state of North Carolina.... | What industry generates 1.2 billion in economic activity each year for North carolina? | {
"answer_start": [
67
],
"text": [
"nonprofit arts and culture"
]
} | Context: North Carolina has rich traditions in art, music, and cuisine. The nonprofit arts and culture industry generates $1.2 billion in direct economic activity in North Carolina, supporting more than 43,600 full-time equivalent jobs and generating $119 million in revenue for local governments and the state of North ... | 124.482651 |
5727b2b2ff5b5019007d92d4 | Switzerland | Switzerland has four official languages: principally German (63.5% total population share, with foreign residents, in 2013); French (22.5%) in the west; and Italian (8.1%) in the south. The fourth official language, Romansh (0.5%), is a Romance language spoken locally in the southeastern trilingual canton of Graubünden... | What is the principal official language in the western part of Switzerland? | {
"answer_start": [
125
],
"text": [
"French"
]
} | Context: Switzerland has four official languages: principally German (63.5% total population share, with foreign residents, in 2013); French (22.5%) in the west; and Italian (8.1%) in the south. The fourth official language, Romansh (0.5%), is a Romance language spoken locally in the southeastern trilingual canton of G... | 174.234543 |
572b8f5d111d821400f38f10 | Czech_language | Czech, the official language of the Czech Republic (a member of the European Union since 2004), is one of the EU's official languages and the 2012 Eurobarometer survey found that Czech was the foreign language most often used in Slovakia. Economist Jonathan van Parys collected data on language knowledge in Europe for t... | What is the official language of the Czech republic? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Czech"
]
} | Context: Czech, the official language of the Czech Republic (a member of the European Union since 2004), is one of the EU's official languages and the 2012 Eurobarometer survey found that Czech was the foreign language most often used in Slovakia. Economist Jonathan van Parys collected data on language knowledge in Eur... | 148.372406 |
56d632371c85041400946fe2 | Dog | A Colorado study found bites in children were less severe than bites in adults. The incidence of dog bites in the US is 12.9 per 10,000 inhabitants, but for boys aged 5 to 9, the incidence rate is 60.7 per 10,000. Moreover, children have a much higher chance to be bitten in the face or neck. Sharp claws with powerful m... | Out of 10,000 boys between five and nine years old, how many are bitten annually by dogs? | {
"answer_start": [
197
],
"text": [
"60.7"
]
} | Context: A Colorado study found bites in children were less severe than bites in adults. The incidence of dog bites in the US is 12.9 per 10,000 inhabitants, but for boys aged 5 to 9, the incidence rate is 60.7 per 10,000. Moreover, children have a much higher chance to be bitten in the face or neck. Sharp claws with p... | 150.813171 |
573324c9d058e614000b572c | Alfred_North_Whitehead | At the time structures such as Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions drew attention to the need to expand algebraic structures beyond the associatively multiplicative class. In a review Alexander Macfarlane wrote: "The main idea of the work is not unification of the several methods, nor generalization of ordinary alg... | What was G.B. Matthew's opinion of "A Treatise on Algebra"? | {
"answer_start": [
454
],
"text": [
"\"It possesses a unity of design which is really remarkable, considering the variety of its themes.\""
]
} | Context: At the time structures such as Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions drew attention to the need to expand algebraic structures beyond the associatively multiplicative class. In a review Alexander Macfarlane wrote: "The main idea of the work is not unification of the several methods, nor generalization of ord... | 160.78952 |
5706bb542eaba6190074acad | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | As of the 2000 United States Census there were 40,517 people, 15,848 households, and 8,700 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,569.8 people per square mile (1,378.3/km2). There were 20,219 housing units at an average density of 1,781.4 per square mile (687.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city w... | According to the 2000 United States Census, what percentage of the population of Atlantic City were Hispanic or Latino? | {
"answer_start": [
486
],
"text": [
"24.95%"
]
} | Context: As of the 2000 United States Census there were 40,517 people, 15,848 households, and 8,700 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,569.8 people per square mile (1,378.3/km2). There were 20,219 housing units at an average density of 1,781.4 per square mile (687.8/km2). The racial makeup of t... | 68.308502 |
572a26821d046914007797db | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In the classical case, the invariance, or symmetry, group and the covariance group coincide, but, interestingly enough, they part ways in relativistic physics. The symmetry group of the general theory of relativity includes all differentiable transformations, i.e., all properties of an object are dynamical, in other wo... | The symmetry group of the general theory of relativity includes what? | {
"answer_start": [
224
],
"text": [
"all differentiable transformations"
]
} | Context: In the classical case, the invariance, or symmetry, group and the covariance group coincide, but, interestingly enough, they part ways in relativistic physics. The symmetry group of the general theory of relativity includes all differentiable transformations, i.e., all properties of an object are dynamical, in... | 187.397415 |
5727f5f53acd2414000df0d9 | History_of_science | The renewal of learning in Europe, that began with 12th century Scholasticism, came to an end about the time of the Black Death, and the initial period of the subsequent Italian Renaissance is sometimes seen as a lull in scientific activity. The Northern Renaissance, on the other hand, showed a decisive shift in focus ... | Which era came after Scholasticism? | {
"answer_start": [
170
],
"text": [
"Italian Renaissance"
]
} | Context: The renewal of learning in Europe, that began with 12th century Scholasticism, came to an end about the time of the Black Death, and the initial period of the subsequent Italian Renaissance is sometimes seen as a lull in scientific activity. The Northern Renaissance, on the other hand, showed a decisive shift ... | 210.478271 |
5728bf3a2ca10214002da6d4 | Paris | By the end of the 12th century, Paris had become the political, economic, religious, and cultural capital of France. The Île de la Cité was the site of the royal palace. In 1163, during the reign of Louis VII, Maurice de Sully, bishop of Paris, undertook the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral at its eastern extre... | Where was the University of Paris located? | {
"answer_start": [
326
],
"text": [
"The Left Bank"
]
} | Context: By the end of the 12th century, Paris had become the political, economic, religious, and cultural capital of France. The Île de la Cité was the site of the royal palace. In 1163, during the reign of Louis VII, Maurice de Sully, bishop of Paris, undertook the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral at its east... | 108.862473 |
56e1b8adcd28a01900c67aca | Communications_in_Somalia | On March 22, 2012, the Somali Cabinet unanimously approved the National Communications Act, which paves the way for the establishment of a National Communications regulator in the broadcasting and telecommunications sectors. The bill was passed following consultations between government representatives and communicatio... | Continued infrastructure development results in more efficient what? | {
"answer_start": [
615
],
"text": [
"service delivery"
]
} | Context: On March 22, 2012, the Somali Cabinet unanimously approved the National Communications Act, which paves the way for the establishment of a National Communications regulator in the broadcasting and telecommunications sectors. The bill was passed following consultations between government representatives and com... | 158.504425 |
56df9ad738dc4217001520c6 | Alexander_Graham_Bell | On January 13, 1887, the U,S. Government moved to annul the patent issued to Bell on the grounds of fraud and misrepresentation. After a series of decisions and reversals, the Bell company won a decision in the Supreme Court, though a couple of the original claims from the lower court cases were left undecided. By the ... | In 1887 the US Government wanted to undo Bell's patent due to fraud and what? | {
"answer_start": [
110
],
"text": [
"misrepresentation"
]
} | Context: On January 13, 1887, the U,S. Government moved to annul the patent issued to Bell on the grounds of fraud and misrepresentation. After a series of decisions and reversals, the Bell company won a decision in the Supreme Court, though a couple of the original claims from the lower court cases were left undecided... | 117.776398 |
56cf4ed5aab44d1400b88fa6 | New_York_City | New York City's most important economic sector lies in its role as the headquarters for the U.S.financial industry, metonymously known as Wall Street. The city's securities industry, enumerating 163,400 jobs in August 2013, continues to form the largest segment of the city's financial sector and an important economic e... | What percentage of the city's wages does the securities industry provide? | {
"answer_start": [
448
],
"text": [
"22"
]
} | Context: New York City's most important economic sector lies in its role as the headquarters for the U.S.financial industry, metonymously known as Wall Street. The city's securities industry, enumerating 163,400 jobs in August 2013, continues to form the largest segment of the city's financial sector and an important e... | 101.205116 |
572739b6dd62a815002e99bd | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | In the beginning, racial classifications that identified race were inherently suspect and subject to strict scrutiny. These classifications would only be upheld if necessary to promote a compelling governmental interest. Later the U.S. Supreme Court decided that racial classifications that benefited underrepresented mi... | What is an example case that can help display where upholding a racial classification is beneficial? | {
"answer_start": [
418
],
"text": [
"Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co."
]
} | Context: In the beginning, racial classifications that identified race were inherently suspect and subject to strict scrutiny. These classifications would only be upheld if necessary to promote a compelling governmental interest. Later the U.S. Supreme Court decided that racial classifications that benefited underrepre... | 215.918152 |
56f95b969b226e1400dd1399 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | Winston Churchill, on forming his government in 1940, created the office of Minister of Defence to exercise ministerial control over the Chiefs of Staff Committee and to co-ordinate defence matters. The post was held by the Prime Minister of the day until Clement Attlee's government introduced the Ministry of Defence A... | When was the Ministry of Defence Act introduced? | {
"answer_start": [
326
],
"text": [
"1946"
]
} | Context: Winston Churchill, on forming his government in 1940, created the office of Minister of Defence to exercise ministerial control over the Chiefs of Staff Committee and to co-ordinate defence matters. The post was held by the Prime Minister of the day until Clement Attlee's government introduced the Ministry of ... | 128.333694 |
5727c0a83acd2414000deba3 | A_cappella | Increased interest in modern a cappella (particularly collegiate a cappella) can be seen in the growth of awards such as the Contemporary A Cappella Recording Awards (overseen by the Contemporary A Cappella Society) and competitions such as the International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella for college groups and ... | What is the name of the group that won The Sing-Off? | {
"answer_start": [
746
],
"text": [
"Nota"
]
} | Context: Increased interest in modern a cappella (particularly collegiate a cappella) can be seen in the growth of awards such as the Contemporary A Cappella Recording Awards (overseen by the Contemporary A Cappella Society) and competitions such as the International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella for college gr... | 205.645294 |
572ab33ff75d5e190021fc58 | Royal_assent | After the House of Representatives has debated the law, it either approves it and sends it to the Senate with the text "The Second Chamber of the States General sends the following approved proposal of law to the First Chamber", or it rejects it and returns it to the government with the text "The Second Chamber of the ... | If the Senate approves the law after receiving it from the House, what is written and sent to the government? | {
"answer_start": [
474
],
"text": [
"\"To the King, The States General have accepted the proposal of law as it is offered here.\""
]
} | Context: After the House of Representatives has debated the law, it either approves it and sends it to the Senate with the text "The Second Chamber of the States General sends the following approved proposal of law to the First Chamber", or it rejects it and returns it to the government with the text "The Second Chambe... | 66.966286 |
5726dc5add62a815002e9312 | Copyright_infringement | The U.S. GAO's 2010 findings regarding the great difficulty of accurately gauging the economic impact of copyright infringement was reinforced within the same report by the body's research into three commonly cited estimates that had previously been provided to U.S. agencies. The GAO report explained that the sources –... | What 2010 body found how difficult it is to accurately report the financial impact of infringement? | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"U.S. GAO"
]
} | Context: The U.S. GAO's 2010 findings regarding the great difficulty of accurately gauging the economic impact of copyright infringement was reinforced within the same report by the body's research into three commonly cited estimates that had previously been provided to U.S. agencies. The GAO report explained that the ... | 134.029419 |
572657145951b619008f7016 | Greece | The coalition government led the country to the parliamentary elections of May 2012. The power of the traditional Greek political parties, PASOK and New Democracy, declined from 43% to 13% and from 33% to 18%, respectively, due to their support on the politics of Mnimonio and the austerity measures. The leftist party o... | What led to the loss of power of traditional Greek parties? | {
"answer_start": [
231
],
"text": [
"their support on the politics of Mnimonio and the austerity measures"
]
} | Context: The coalition government led the country to the parliamentary elections of May 2012. The power of the traditional Greek political parties, PASOK and New Democracy, declined from 43% to 13% and from 33% to 18%, respectively, due to their support on the politics of Mnimonio and the austerity measures. The leftis... | 113.7397 |
56e79f1700c9c71400d773f1 | University_of_Kansas | The university houses the following public broadcasting stations: KJHK, a student-run campus radio station, KUJH-LP, an independent station that primarily broadcasts public affairs programs, and KANU, the NPR-affiliated radio station. Kansas Public Radio station KANU was one of the first public radio stations in the na... | What kinds of programming appear on KUJH-LP? | {
"answer_start": [
166
],
"text": [
"public affairs"
]
} | Context: The university houses the following public broadcasting stations: KJHK, a student-run campus radio station, KUJH-LP, an independent station that primarily broadcasts public affairs programs, and KANU, the NPR-affiliated radio station. Kansas Public Radio station KANU was one of the first public radio stations ... | 191.401184 |
5732547be17f3d1400422879 | The_Bronx | Several boutique and chain hotels have opened in recent years in the South Bronx; in addition, a La Quinta Inn that has been proposed for the Mott Haven waterfront. The Kingsbridge Armory, often cited as the largest armory in the world, is scheduled for redevelopment as the Kingsbridge National Ice Center. Under consid... | What was the largest armory in the world? | {
"answer_start": [
169
],
"text": [
"Kingsbridge Armory"
]
} | Context: Several boutique and chain hotels have opened in recent years in the South Bronx; in addition, a La Quinta Inn that has been proposed for the Mott Haven waterfront. The Kingsbridge Armory, often cited as the largest armory in the world, is scheduled for redevelopment as the Kingsbridge National Ice Center. Und... | 185.739609 |
56cffb63234ae51400d9c1e6 | New_York_City | More than 200 newspapers and 350 consumer magazines have an office in the city, and the publishing industry employs about 25,000 people. Two of the three national daily newspapers in the United States are New York papers: The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, which has won the most Pulitzer Prizes for journal... | How many magazines can call NYC home? | {
"answer_start": [
29
],
"text": [
"350"
]
} | Context: More than 200 newspapers and 350 consumer magazines have an office in the city, and the publishing industry employs about 25,000 people. Two of the three national daily newspapers in the United States are New York papers: The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, which has won the most Pulitzer Prizes fo... | 128.502151 |
570a54a84103511400d5960d | Imperial_College_London | In 2003 Imperial was granted degree-awarding powers in its own right by the Privy Council. The London Centre for Nanotechnology was established in the same year as a joint venture between UCL and Imperial College London. In 2004 the Tanaka Business School (now named the Imperial College Business School) and a new Main ... | In which year was the London Centre for Nanotechnology established? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"2003"
]
} | Context: In 2003 Imperial was granted degree-awarding powers in its own right by the Privy Council. The London Centre for Nanotechnology was established in the same year as a joint venture between UCL and Imperial College London. In 2004 the Tanaka Business School (now named the Imperial College Business School) and a ... | 212.409851 |
570a3d1f6d058f1900182d0c | Beer | The first step, where the wort is prepared by mixing the starch source (normally malted barley) with hot water, is known as "mashing". Hot water (known as "liquor" in brewing terms) is mixed with crushed malt or malts (known as "grist") in a mash tun. The mashing process takes around 1 to 2 hours, during which the star... | What is the first step of brewing when malted barley is mixed with hot water? | {
"answer_start": [
125
],
"text": [
"mashing"
]
} | Context: The first step, where the wort is prepared by mixing the starch source (normally malted barley) with hot water, is known as "mashing". Hot water (known as "liquor" in brewing terms) is mixed with crushed malt or malts (known as "grist") in a mash tun. The mashing process takes around 1 to 2 hours, during which... | 149.554276 |
5727e856ff5b5019007d981d | London | By the 11th century, London was beyond all comparison the largest town in England. Westminster Abbey, rebuilt in the Romanesque style by King Edward the Confessor, was one of the grandest churches in Europe. Winchester had previously been the capital of Anglo-Saxon England, but from this time on, London became the main... | What historian was quoted as saying that London had all the necessary characteristics to be a major capital city? | {
"answer_start": [
403
],
"text": [
"Frank Stenton"
]
} | Context: By the 11th century, London was beyond all comparison the largest town in England. Westminster Abbey, rebuilt in the Romanesque style by King Edward the Confessor, was one of the grandest churches in Europe. Winchester had previously been the capital of Anglo-Saxon England, but from this time on, London became... | 170.372406 |
56f87739aef23719006260c4 | Alps | The highest peaks of the Western Alps and Eastern Alps, respectively, are Mont Blanc, at 4,810 m (15,780 ft) and Piz Bernina at 4,049 metres (13,284 ft). The second-highest major peaks are Monte Rosa at 4,634 m (15,200 ft) and Ortler at 3,905 m (12,810 ft), respectively | The highest peak of the Western Alps is where? | {
"answer_start": [
74
],
"text": [
"Mont Blanc"
]
} | Context: The highest peaks of the Western Alps and Eastern Alps, respectively, are Mont Blanc, at 4,810 m (15,780 ft) and Piz Bernina at 4,049 metres (13,284 ft). The second-highest major peaks are Monte Rosa at 4,634 m (15,200 ft) and Ortler at 3,905 m (12,810 ft), respectively
Question: The highest peak of the Wester... | 153.878204 |
5727acd3ff5b5019007d9259 | North_Carolina | College sports are also popular in North Carolina, with 18 schools competing at the Division I level. The Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) is headquartered in Greensboro, and both the ACC Football Championship Game (Charlotte) and the ACC Men's Basketball Tournament (Greensboro) were most recently held in North Carolina... | What stadium host the ACC championship game and the Belk Bowl each year? | {
"answer_start": [
543
],
"text": [
"Charlotte's Bank of America Stadium"
]
} | Context: College sports are also popular in North Carolina, with 18 schools competing at the Division I level. The Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) is headquartered in Greensboro, and both the ACC Football Championship Game (Charlotte) and the ACC Men's Basketball Tournament (Greensboro) were most recently held in North... | 161.304962 |
57296a8baf94a219006aa3cd | Palermo | The cathedral has a heliometer (solar "observatory") of 1690, one of a number built in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries. The device itself is quite simple: a tiny hole in one of the minor domes acts as pinhole camera, projecting an image of the sun onto the floor at solar noon (12:00 in winter, 13:00 in summer). Th... | What is a heliometer? | {
"answer_start": [
32
],
"text": [
"solar \"observatory\""
]
} | Context: The cathedral has a heliometer (solar "observatory") of 1690, one of a number built in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries. The device itself is quite simple: a tiny hole in one of the minor domes acts as pinhole camera, projecting an image of the sun onto the floor at solar noon (12:00 in winter, 13:00 in su... | 150.298355 |
5727fb6b4b864d1900164140 | History_of_science | In 1938 Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann discovered nuclear fission with radiochemical methods, and in 1939 Lise Meitner and Otto Robert Frisch wrote the first theoretical interpretation of the fission process, which was later improved by Niels Bohr and John A. Wheeler. Further developments took place during World War II... | What event was going on during the creation of the atomic bomb? | {
"answer_start": [
308
],
"text": [
"World War II"
]
} | Context: In 1938 Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann discovered nuclear fission with radiochemical methods, and in 1939 Lise Meitner and Otto Robert Frisch wrote the first theoretical interpretation of the fission process, which was later improved by Niels Bohr and John A. Wheeler. Further developments took place during Wor... | 207.759064 |
56e15fabcd28a01900c67827 | Boston | Many older buildings in certain areas of Boston are supported by wooden piles driven into the area's fill; these piles remain sound if submerged in water, but are subject to dry rot if exposed to air for long periods. Groundwater levels have been dropping, to varying degrees, in many areas of the city, due in part to a... | Lots of older buildings are supported by what? | {
"answer_start": [
65
],
"text": [
"wooden piles"
]
} | Context: Many older buildings in certain areas of Boston are supported by wooden piles driven into the area's fill; these piles remain sound if submerged in water, but are subject to dry rot if exposed to air for long periods. Groundwater levels have been dropping, to varying degrees, in many areas of the city, due in ... | 173.092438 |
56dc56a414d3a41400c267d9 | Genome | Both the number of base pairs and the number of genes vary widely from one species to another, and there is only a rough correlation between the two (an observation known as the C-value paradox). At present, the highest known number of genes is around 60,000, for the protozoan causing trichomoniasis (see List of sequen... | What is the relation between the number of base pairs and total complement of genes in a species called? | {
"answer_start": [
178
],
"text": [
"C-value paradox"
]
} | Context: Both the number of base pairs and the number of genes vary widely from one species to another, and there is only a rough correlation between the two (an observation known as the C-value paradox). At present, the highest known number of genes is around 60,000, for the protozoan causing trichomoniasis (see List ... | 135.30484 |
5726eac7708984140094d5de | Myanmar | The impact of the post-election reforms has been observed in numerous areas, including ASEAN's approval of Myanmar's bid for the position of ASEAN chair in 2014; the visit by United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in December 2011 for the encouragement of further progress—it was the first visit by a Secretary... | What political party does Aung San Suu Kyi belong to ? | {
"answer_start": [
529
],
"text": [
"National League for Democracy (NLD) party"
]
} | Context: The impact of the post-election reforms has been observed in numerous areas, including ASEAN's approval of Myanmar's bid for the position of ASEAN chair in 2014; the visit by United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in December 2011 for the encouragement of further progress—it was the first visit by a ... | 139.095154 |
572733c0dd62a815002e9986 | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | The first time "affirmative action" is used by the federal government concerning race is in President John F. Kennedy's Executive Order 10925, which was chaired by Vice President Johnson. At Johnson's inaugural ball in Texas, he met with a young black lawyer, Hobart Taylor Jr., and gave him the task to co-author the ex... | Who co - authored the executive order? | {
"answer_start": [
260
],
"text": [
"Hobart Taylor Jr."
]
} | Context: The first time "affirmative action" is used by the federal government concerning race is in President John F. Kennedy's Executive Order 10925, which was chaired by Vice President Johnson. At Johnson's inaugural ball in Texas, he met with a young black lawyer, Hobart Taylor Jr., and gave him the task to co-auth... | 167.96817 |
56e7a2eb00c9c71400d77457 | Arena_Football_League | In 2013, the league expanded with the addition of two new franchises to play in 2014, the Los Angeles Kiss (owned by Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley of the legendary rock band Kiss) and the Portland Thunder. | What was the name of the Los Angeles-based team added in 2013? | {
"answer_start": [
102
],
"text": [
"Kiss"
]
} | Context: In 2013, the league expanded with the addition of two new franchises to play in 2014, the Los Angeles Kiss (owned by Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley of the legendary rock band Kiss) and the Portland Thunder.
Question: What was the name of the Los Angeles-based team added in 2013?
Answer: Kiss<|endoftext|> | 128.76265 |
572aa5d8f75d5e190021fbef | Royal_assent | Before the reign of Henry VIII, the sovereign always granted his or her assent in person. The sovereign, wearing the Imperial State Crown, would be seated on the throne in the Lords chamber, surrounded by heralds and members of the royal court—a scene that nowadays is repeated only at the annual State Opening of Parlia... | Nowadays, when is the only time a formal assention ceremony occurs? | {
"answer_start": [
286
],
"text": [
"the annual State Opening of Parliament"
]
} | Context: Before the reign of Henry VIII, the sovereign always granted his or her assent in person. The sovereign, wearing the Imperial State Crown, would be seated on the throne in the Lords chamber, surrounded by heralds and members of the royal court—a scene that nowadays is repeated only at the annual State Opening ... | 184.505829 |
572a12a83f37b3190047869f | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | Philosophy of space and time is the branch of philosophy concerned with the issues surrounding the ontology, epistemology, and character of space and time. While such ideas have been central to philosophy from its inception, the philosophy of space and time was both an inspiration for and a central aspect of early anal... | The philosophy of space and time focuses on whether or not time and space exist independently of what? | {
"answer_start": [
449
],
"text": [
"the mind"
]
} | Context: Philosophy of space and time is the branch of philosophy concerned with the issues surrounding the ontology, epistemology, and character of space and time. While such ideas have been central to philosophy from its inception, the philosophy of space and time was both an inspiration for and a central aspect of e... | 141.099884 |
56df53fe96943c1400a5d3c3 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constituti... | When did the Soviet Union break up? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"December 25, 1991"
]
} | Context: On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 C... | 99.564796 |
56bfae97a10cfb1400551237 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé and husband Jay Z are friends with President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama. She performed "America the Beautiful" at the 2009 presidential inauguration, as well as "At Last" during the first inaugural dance at the Neighborhood Ball two days later. Beyoncé and Jay Z held a fundraiser at the latter's... | What did she sing at the 2009 Presidential Inauguration? | {
"answer_start": [
112
],
"text": [
"America the Beautiful"
]
} | Context: Beyoncé and husband Jay Z are friends with President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama. She performed "America the Beautiful" at the 2009 presidential inauguration, as well as "At Last" during the first inaugural dance at the Neighborhood Ball two days later. Beyoncé and Jay Z held a fundraiser at the... | 206.673355 |
5709783fed30961900e841a9 | Identity_(social_science) | However, the formation of one's identity occurs through one's identifications with significant others (primarily with parents and other individuals during one's biographical experiences, and also with "groups" as they are perceived). These others may be benign - such that one aspires to their characteristics, values an... | Dissociating from the characteristics of significant others is a process of what? | {
"answer_start": [
455
],
"text": [
"defensive contra-identification"
]
} | Context: However, the formation of one's identity occurs through one's identifications with significant others (primarily with parents and other individuals during one's biographical experiences, and also with "groups" as they are perceived). These others may be benign - such that one aspires to their characteristics, ... | 216.492706 |
572685395951b619008f7564 | British_Empire | In 1922, Egypt, which had been declared a British protectorate at the outbreak of the First World War, was granted formal independence, though it continued to be a British client state until 1954. British troops remained stationed in Egypt until the signing of the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty in 1936, under which it was agree... | When did Iraq gain independence from Britain? | {
"answer_start": [
604
],
"text": [
"1932"
]
} | Context: In 1922, Egypt, which had been declared a British protectorate at the outbreak of the First World War, was granted formal independence, though it continued to be a British client state until 1954. British troops remained stationed in Egypt until the signing of the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty in 1936, under which it ... | 150.716629 |
5726e773dd62a815002e948e | Nigeria | According to the International Organization for Migration, Nigeria witnessed a dramatic increase in remittances sent home from overseas Nigerians, going from USD 2.3 billion in 2004 to 17.9 billion in 2007. The United States accounts for the largest portion of official remittances, followed by the United Kingdom, Italy... | Which country has Nigerians sending the most money home? | {
"answer_start": [
211
],
"text": [
"United States"
]
} | Context: According to the International Organization for Migration, Nigeria witnessed a dramatic increase in remittances sent home from overseas Nigerians, going from USD 2.3 billion in 2004 to 17.9 billion in 2007. The United States accounts for the largest portion of official remittances, followed by the United Kingd... | 151.362427 |
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