QANTA 2025 Datasets
Collection
7 items
•
Updated
Dataset Viewer
qid
int64 0
59
| category
stringlengths 7
32
| leadin
stringlengths 88
229
| parts
listlengths 3
3
|
|---|---|---|---|
0
|
literature
|
Seven young women from the audience make offerings to begin a drama from this region in which the hero defeats the Scrotum King and is peppered with cannon fodder by the Smallpox King. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Niger</u></b> River <b><u>Delta</u></b> [accept <b><u>Ogoni</u></b>land, <b><u>Delta State</u></b>, <b><u>Rivers</u></b> State, Oil <b><u>Rivers</u></b>, or <b><u>Bayelsa</u></b>; prompt on lower <u>Niger</u> River, the <u>Delta</u>, southern <u>Nigeria</u>, southeast <u>Nigeria</u>] (The activist is Ken Saro-Wiwa.)",
"answer_primary": "Niger River Delta",
"clean_answers": [
"Bayelsa",
"Niger River Delta",
"Niger",
"Delta State",
"Niger Delta",
"Ogoniland, Delta State, Rivers State, Oil Rivers,",
"Ogoni",
"Ogoni Delta State Rivers Rivers",
"Delta",
"Rivers"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "The activist is Ken Saro-Wiwa.",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this geographical region where the seven-nights-long performance Ozidi was transcribed by J. P. Clark. The inventor of “rotten English” was executed for his environmental activism in this geographical region.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>drum</u></b>s [accept <b><u>dùndún</u></b> or opu <b><u>ezé</u></b>; accept talking <b><u>drum</u></b>s or <em>Long <b><u>Drum</u></b>s and Cannons</em>; prompt on <u>percussion</u>]",
"answer_primary": "drums",
"clean_answers": [
"Long Drums and Cannons",
"Drum",
"drum",
"dùndún",
"talking drums",
"ezé",
"drums",
"opu ezé"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "The Delta’s Ekene masquerades are covered in a Margaret Laurence study of Nigerian lit titled for cannons and these instruments. A genre of West African oral literature uses the “talking” type of these instruments.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "Gabriel <b><u>Okara</u></b> [or Gabriel Imomotimi Gbaingbain <b><u>Okara</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Gabriel Okara",
"clean_answers": [
"Okara",
"Gabriel Imomotimi Gbaingbain Okara",
"Gabriel Okara"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "This Ijaw author of “Piano and Drums” wrote about the Delta’s River Nun. This poet contrasted Europe and Africa in anthology staples like “The Snowflakes Sail Gently Down” and “You Laughed and Laughed and Laughed.”",
"value": null
}
] |
1
|
fine-arts
|
Maya Plisetskaya often replaced this antagonist’s most iconic sequence with vigorous piqué turns. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Odile</u></b> (“oh-DEEL”) [or <b><u>Black Swan</u></b>; or le <b><u>Cygne Noir</u></b>; reject “Odette”]",
"answer_primary": "Odile",
"clean_answers": [
"Black Swan",
"Odile",
"Cygne Noir",
"le Cygne Noir; reject Odette"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this antagonist played by ballerina Pierina Legnani in 1895. Her performance, choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov, originated the tradition for this antagonist to perform 32 fouettés en tournant.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "Margot <b><u>Fonteyn</u></b> (“MAR-go fon-TAIN”) [or Dame Margaret Evelyn <b><u>de Arias</u></b>; or Margaret Evelyn <b><u>Hookham</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Margot Fonteyn",
"clean_answers": [
"Dame Margaret Evelyn de Arias",
"Margot Fonteyn",
"Margaret Evelyn Hookham",
"Hookham",
"de Arias",
"Fonteyn"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "A critic once compared this ballerina’s wobbly performance of Odile’s fouettés to “Cook’s tours of the stage.” Until the 21st century, the title courtesan of Marguerite and Armand was exclusively played by this ballerina.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "Alicia <b><u>Alonso</u></b> [or Alicia Ernestina de la Caridad del Cobre <b><u>Martínez del Hoyo</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Alicia Alonso",
"clean_answers": [
"Alicia Alonso",
"Alicia Ernestina de la Caridad del Cobre Martínez del Hoyo",
"Martínez del Hoyo",
"Alonso"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "In 1968, this ballerina performed Odile’s 32 fouettés while remaining in a single tile on a checkerboard floor. In Theme and Variations, Igor Youskevitch and this partially-blind ballerina danced to Tchaikovsky’s Orchestral Suite No. 3.",
"value": null
}
] |
2
|
history
|
The market for this plant took off in response to John Appleby’s invention of the mechanical reaper-binder. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>henequén</u></b> [or Agave <b><u>fourcroydes</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "henequén",
"clean_answers": [
"fourcroydes",
"Agave fourcroydes",
"henequén"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this plant, a type of agave harvested at massive 19th-century Yucatán plantations by Maya people under threat of military conscription. This plant’s fibers were exported to the Midwest for use as twine.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>caste</u></b>s [or <b><u>casta</u></b>s; accept divine <b><u>caste</u></b>, <b><u>Caste</u></b> War, la <b><u>casta</u></b> divina, or guerra de <b><u>Casta</u></b>s]",
"answer_primary": "castes",
"clean_answers": [
"caste",
"castas",
"casta",
"Casta",
"Caste",
"caste Caste casta",
"castes",
"divine caste, Caste War, la casta divina,",
"guerra de Castas"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "The Yucatán elite who grew rich off the henequén trade were called a “divine” one of these groups. These groups name a 19th-century war fought by Maya rebels, as well as New Spain’s racial classification system.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Yaqui</u></b> Wars [or Yaqui-<b><u>Mayo</u></b> Wars; or guerra del <b><u>Yaqui</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Yaqui Wars",
"clean_answers": [
"Mayo",
"Yaqui Wars",
"guerra del Yaqui",
"Yaqui",
"Yaqui-Mayo Wars"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Emilio Kosterlitzky deported thousands of captives from these wars into slavery in the henequén industry. The Mexican military laid siege to the El Añil fortress during these wars, in which leaders like Cajemé and Teresa Urrea defended their peoples’ homeland of Hiakim.",
"value": null
}
] |
3
|
science
|
The 1966 paper that introduced these compounds touted their use in the Hill reaction, as well as succinate oxidation in bean mitochondria. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Good’s buffer</u></b>s [or <b><u>Good buffer</u></b>s]",
"answer_primary": "Good’s buffers",
"clean_answers": [
"Good buffer",
"Good buffers",
"Good’s buffer",
"Good’s buffers"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this group of twenty compounds that include Tris and HEPES. Many of these compounds are zwitterionic and are N-substituted derivatives of taurine or glycine.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>pKa</u></b> [or the <b><u>negative</u></b> <b><u>log</u></b>arithm of the <b><u>acid dissociation constant</u></b>; or the <b><u>negative</u></b> <b><u>log</u></b>arithm of <b><u>Ka</u></b>, but reject any partial answers that do not include all three parts; reject “Ka” or “acid dissociation constant”]",
"answer_primary": "pKa",
"clean_answers": [
"negative log Ka",
"negative",
"negative log acid dissociation constant",
"log",
"the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant",
"acid dissociation constant",
"Ka",
"pKa"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "This quantity is between 6 and 8 for most Good’s buffers, making them safer for research. The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation states that pH is equal to this quantity plus the log ratio of two concentrations.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>morpholine</u></b> [accept <em>N</em>-methyl<b><u>morpholine</u></b>-<em>N</em>-oxide; accept 2-(N-<b><u>morpholino</u></b>)ethanesulfonic acid; prompt on <u>NMO</u> or <u>NMMO</u>; prompt on <u>MES</u>]",
"answer_primary": "morpholine",
"clean_answers": [
"N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide",
"2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid",
"morpholino",
"morpholine"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "The Good’s buffer with the lowest pKa consists of this six-membered heterocycle bound to an ethanesulfonic acid moiety. Another derivative of this heterocycle is used as a sacrificial catalyst in osmium tetroxide oxidations.",
"value": null
}
] |
4
|
literature
|
One of these events occurs after a couple studies “the wild pantheism of Fichte, the modified palingenesis of the Pythagoreans, and the doctrines of Identity as urged by Schelling.” For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "the <b><u>death</u></b> of a beautiful <b><u>woman</u></b> [accept any answer that indicates that a <b><u>woman</u></b>, <b><u>wife</u></b>, or <b><u>beauty</u></b> is <b><u>dying</u></b>; prompt on answers that indicate only <u>death</u> by asking “of what sort of character?”]",
"answer_primary": "the death of a beautiful woman",
"clean_answers": [
"woman",
"wife",
"beauty",
"death woman",
"death",
"dying",
"beauty is dying",
"the death of a beautiful woman",
"any answer that indicates that a woman, wife,",
"woman wife",
"beauty dying"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this sort of event that the author of “Morella” called “unquestionably the most poetical topic in the world” in his essay “The Philosophy of Composition.”",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>worm</u></b>s [accept “The Conqueror <b><u>Worm</u></b>”]",
"answer_primary": "worms",
"clean_answers": [
"worm",
"The Conqueror Worm",
"Worm",
"worms"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Edgar Allan Poe’s Morella claims that death has even less horror for her than for one of these animals. Before dying, the title woman of “Ligeia” writes a poem about a “Conqueror” one of these animals.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "“The <b><u>Oval Portrait</u></b>”",
"answer_primary": "“The Oval Portrait”",
"clean_answers": [
"Oval Portrait",
"The Oval Portrait"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "In this Poe story, a painter exclaims “this is indeed Life itself!” after completing a “vignette… much in the style of the favorite heads of Sully” modeled on his wife, only to realize that she died while sitting for the piece.",
"value": null
}
] |
5
|
history
|
Douglass Adair argued that this essay’s “most amazing political prophecy” was actually taken from Hume’s “Parties in General.” For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "Federalist No. <b><u>10</u></b> [or the <b><u>Ten</u></b>th Federalist Paper]",
"answer_primary": "Federalist No. 10",
"clean_answers": [
"the Tenth Federalist Paper",
"10",
"Federalist No. 10",
"Ten"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this essay that Charles Beard read as a “masterly statement of the theory of economic determinism.” This Federalist paper by James Madison claims that only republics can ward off the threat of factions.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>judicial review</u></b> [or <b><u>judicial control</u></b>; prompt on judicial <u>activism</u>]",
"answer_primary": "judicial review",
"clean_answers": [
"judicial control",
"judicial review"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Adair’s “The Tenth Federalist Revisited” criticizes Beard for using support for this doctrine as a yardstick for conservatism. Hamilton’s Federalist No. 78 advanced this doctrine to empower a group that has neither the “sword” nor the “purse.”",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "Vernon Louis <b><u>Parrington</b></u>",
"answer_primary": "Vernon Louis Parrington",
"clean_answers": [
"Parrington",
"Vernon Louis Parrington"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Adair’s paper critiques this student of Beard’s. Lionel Trilling’s “Reality in America” damaged the reputation of this historian, who coined the “great barbecue” metaphor for Gilded Age federal largesse and wrote Main Currents in American Thought.",
"value": null
}
] |
6
|
fine-arts
|
Pauline Oliveros directed this institute after it moved to Mills College in 1966. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>San Francisco Tape Music Center</u></b> [or <b><u>SFTMC</u></b>; accept <b><u>Mills Tape Music Center</u></b> or <b><u>MTMC</u></b>; accept <b><u>Center for Contemporary Music</u></b> or <b><u>CCM</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "San Francisco Tape Music Center",
"clean_answers": [
"MTMC",
"SFTMC",
"CCM",
"San Francisco Tape Music Center",
"Mills Tape Music Center",
"Center for Contemporary Music"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this institute co-founded by Ramon Sender and Morton Subotnick that premiered Terry Riley’s In C. This institute commissioned Don Buchla’s modular “Box,” whose use defined the more experimental “West Coast” synthesizer style.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>delay</u></b> [or tape <b><u>delay</u></b> or <b><u>delay</u></b> line; accept <b><u>delay</u></b> pedal or <b><u>delay</u></b> unit; prompt on <u>loop</u>ing, <u>feedback</u>, <u>echo</u>, or automatic <u>double-tracking</u> or <u>doubling</u>; reject “decay”]",
"answer_primary": "delay",
"clean_answers": [
"delay pedal",
"delay",
"delay unit",
"delay line",
"tape delay"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "The erase/record and playback heads on an Echoplex’s tape loop were adjusted to create this effect long before Boss’s DD-8 digital pedals. Flanging, chorus, and reverb are based on this effect, a signal mixed with its copy after some milliseconds.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "Jerry <b><u>Goldsmith</u></b> [or Jerrald King <b><u>Goldsmith</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Jerry Goldsmith",
"clean_answers": [
"Jerrald King Goldsmith",
"Jerry Goldsmith",
"Goldsmith"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "An echoplexed two-pitch trumpet ostinato and Indian conch shell depict a haunting cemetery and wind in this composer’s scores for Patton and Alien. Arthur Morton orchestrated for this film composer of Planet of the Apes and the original Rambo and Star Trek.",
"value": null
}
] |
7
|
mythology
|
Bart Ehrman likes to begin lectures by talking about a prophesied miracle-worker who was put on trial by the Romans and ascended to heaven, then revealing he’s talking about this man. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Apollonius</u></b> of Tyana",
"answer_primary": "Apollonius of Tyana",
"clean_answers": [
"Apollonius",
"Apollonius of Tyana"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this Pythagorean philosopher who travels with his companion Damis in a biography by Philostratus. He hailed from the city of Tyana.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "solar <b><u>eclipse</u></b>s [prompt on <u>transit</u>s or <u>occultation</u>s]",
"answer_primary": "solar eclipses",
"clean_answers": [
"eclipse",
"solar eclipses"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "In the Life, Apollonius gets in trouble with Tigellinus after interpreting one of these events as a sign of Nero’s impending death. Thales predicted one of these events that interrupted a battle between the Lydians and Medes.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Dionysus</u></b>’s invasion of <b><u>India</u></b> [accept answers mentioning <b><u>conquest</u></b>, <b><u>expedition</u></b>, or synonyms in place of “invasion” prompt on invasion of <u>India</u> by asking “by whom?”; prompt on <u>Dionysus</u>’s invasion by asking “of where?”] (The invasion is the subject of Nonnus’s poem <em>Dionysiaca</em>.)",
"answer_primary": "Dionysus’s invasion of India",
"clean_answers": [
"answers mentioning conquest, expedition,",
"synonyms in place of invasion",
"India",
"Dionysus’s invasion of India",
"conquest expedition",
"conquest",
"Dionysus India",
"Dionysus",
"expedition"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "The invasion is the subject of Nonnus’s poem Dionysiaca.",
"number": 3,
"question": "Apollonius saw the traces that soldiers in this war left while storming a rocky citadel held by thunderbolt-wielding sages with magic invisibility clouds. This war against King Deriades is the subject of the longest surviving poem of classical antiquity.",
"value": null
}
] |
8
|
science
|
In a classic experiment testing this effect, Drosophila embryos exposed to ether vapors developed a second thorax and after 20 generations those bithorax flies could be bred without ether. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>genetic assimilation</u></b> [prompt on <u>genetic accommodation</u>]",
"answer_primary": "genetic assimilation",
"clean_answers": [
"genetic assimilation"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this process by which novel phenotypic responses to extreme conditions become genetically encoded. C. H. Waddington used canalization to explain how this phenomenon produces cross-veinless flies after heat-shock.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u><em>C.</b> <b>elegans</u> </em></b>[or <b><u><em>C</u></b>aenorhabditis</em> <b><u><em>elegans</em></u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "C. elegans",
"clean_answers": [
"C",
"C.",
"C. elegans",
"Caenorhabditis elegans",
"C elegans",
"elegans"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Exposure to harsh conditions can also trigger this species of model nematode to enter a developmental diapause called the dauer stage.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>polyphenism</u></b> [prompt on phenotypic <u>plasticity</u>]",
"answer_primary": "polyphenism",
"clean_answers": [
"polyphenism"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "C. elegans’s ability to enter the dauer stage in harsh environments is one example of this discrete biological process. The helmet morph in Daphnia water fleas exposed to predation exemplifies this discontinuous process.",
"value": null
}
] |
9
|
modern-world
|
Val Napoleon has argued that Allan McEachern’s infamous decision in this case stemmed from his treatment of oral histories as “cultural artifacts” rather than “embedded” law. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u><em>Delgamuukw</u></b> v. British Columbia</em> [or <b><u><em>Delgamuukw</u></b> v. The Queen</em>; or <b><u><em>Delgamuukw</u></b>-Gisday’wa</em>]",
"answer_primary": "Delgamuukw v. British Columbia",
"clean_answers": [
"Delgamuukw v. British Columbia",
"Delgamuukw-Gisday’wa",
"Delgamuukw v. The Queen",
"Delgamuukw"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this 1997 case over an illegal sale of logging rights that chiefs of the Gitksan and Wet’suwet’en tribes won on appeal. This case established the current Canadian test for Aboriginal title.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>hearsay</u></b> ",
"answer_primary": "hearsay",
"clean_answers": [
"hearsay"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Until Delgamuukw, First Nations’ oral histories were often conflated with this sort of inadmissible testimony, in which a witness relays a statement someone else made to them out of court.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Mi’kmaq</u></b> [or <b><u>Micmac</u></b>; or <b><u>Mi’gmaq</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Mi’kmaq",
"clean_answers": [
"Micmac",
"Mi’gmaq",
"Mi’kmaq"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "The Supreme Court of Canada created an exception to hearsay to allow James Simon to use oral evidence to prove he was a member of this group. This Algonquian people’s traditional lands include Nova Scotia.",
"value": null
}
] |
10
|
history
|
The Cooper Union speech tars John Brown by association with this man, whose actions prompted Palmerston to introduce a Conspiracy to Murder Bill that brought down his government. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "Felice <b><u>Orsini</u></b> [accept <b><u>Orsini</u></b> bomb]",
"answer_primary": "Felice Orsini",
"clean_answers": [
"Felice Orsini",
"Orsini",
"Orsini bomb"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this Italian nationalist who used mercury fulminate to craft his namesake bombs, which gained popularity with 19th-century terrorists after he lobbed them at Napoleon III in an 1858 assassination attempt.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Barcelona</u></b> (The basilica is La Sagrada Familia.)",
"answer_primary": "Barcelona",
"clean_answers": [
"Barcelona"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "The basilica is La Sagrada Familia.",
"number": 2,
"question": "In this city, Orsini bombs were employed in the Liceu bombing and an 1896 attack that led to the Montjuïc trials. An Orsini bomb appears in the Temptation of Man relief on an unfinished basilica in this Spanish city.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "Johann <b><u>Most</u></b> [or Johann Joseph <b><u>Most</u></b>; or Hans <b><u>Most</u></b>] (His grandson was Celtics announcer Johnny Most.) ",
"answer_primary": "Johann Most",
"clean_answers": [
"Most",
"Hans Most",
"Johann Most",
"Johann Joseph Most"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "His grandson was Celtics announcer Johnny Most.",
"number": 3,
"question": "Orsini bombs were replaced in the public imagination by dynamite, thanks in part to this German “apostle of dynamite.” This grandfather of a sports announcer called for “propaganda of the deed” in his Freiheit journal.",
"value": null
}
] |
11
|
literature
|
The twentieth chapter of a novel titled for this place reads in its entirety, “I lay at your feet like a rug, Alya!” For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Berlin Zoo</u></b> [or <b><u>Berlin Zoo</u></b>logical Garden; or <b><u>Zoo</u></b>logischer Garten <b><u>Berlin</u></b>; prompt on <u>zoo</u> by asking “in what city?”]",
"answer_primary": "Berlin Zoo",
"clean_answers": [
"Berlin Zoological Garden",
"Zoo",
"Berlin Zoo",
"Zoo Berlin",
"Berlin",
"Zoologischer Garten Berlin"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "What place titles an epistolary novel written in exile by Viktor Shklovsky? That novel is repeatedly quoted in Dubravka Ugrešić’s The Museum of Unconditional Surrender, which opens by comparing its structure to the objects found in the stomach of Roland, a dead inhabitant of this place.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "Laurence <b><u>Sterne</u></b> (The memoir is <em>Sentimental Journey: Memoirs 1917–1922</em>. The “most typical novel” is <em>Tristram Shandy</em>.)",
"answer_primary": "Laurence Sterne",
"clean_answers": [
"Laurence Sterne",
"Sterne"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "The memoir is Sentimental Journey: Memoirs 1917–1922. The “most typical novel” is Tristram Shandy.",
"number": 2,
"question": "Shklovsky also wrote about Berlin in a memoir titled for a novel by this author, whom he credited with the “most typical novel in world literature.” Diderot lifted passages from a novel by this author for Jacques the Fatalist.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "Samuel <b><u>Beckett</u></b> [or Samuel Barclay <b><u>Beckett</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Samuel Beckett",
"clean_answers": [
"Samuel Barclay Beckett",
"Beckett",
"Samuel Beckett"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Ugrešić’s compatriot Daša Drndić used the motif of a zoo’s rhino enclosure in Doppelgänger, one of her novels that’s been compared to this author’s French-language novels like Molloy.",
"value": null
}
] |
12
|
science
|
Maria and Hernando Quevedo proposed a geometric interpretation of this field of physics in terms of a contact structure invariant under Legendre transformations. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>thermodynamics</u></b> [accept <b><u>geometrothermodynamics</u></b> or <b><u>geometrical thermodynamics</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "thermodynamics",
"clean_answers": [
"thermodynamics",
"geometrical thermodynamics",
"geometrothermodynamics"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this field of physics. Since this field often analyzes functions with an exact differential form, Constantin Carathéodory was able to develop an axiomatization of it using Pfaffian differential equations.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>second</u></b> law of thermodynamics",
"answer_primary": "second law of thermodynamics",
"clean_answers": [
"second",
"second law of thermodynamics"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "The most notable contribution of Carathéodory’s axiomatization of thermodynamics is his expression of this law that concerns the increase of entropy in closed systems.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>adiabatic accessibility</u></b> [accept <b><u>adiathermal accessibility</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "adiabatic accessibility",
"clean_answers": [
"adiabatic accessibility",
"adiathermal accessibility"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Carathéodory introduced this relation in his axiomatization of the second law, and his namesake principle guarantees that there exist states in the neighborhood of any state X that do not have this relation to X. Lieb and Yngvason elaborated on the view of this concept as an ordering relation that defines entropy.",
"value": null
}
] |
13
|
fine-arts
|
This artist’s barbaric and childlike drawings are described in a work that praises him as a “passionate spectator” and a “man of the world.” For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "Constantin <b><u>Guys</u></b> (“gheez”) [or Ernest-Adolphe <b><u>Guys</u></b> de Saint-Hélène; prompt on <u>M.G.</u>]",
"answer_primary": "Constantin Guys",
"clean_answers": [
"Ernest-Adolphe Guys de Saint-Hélène",
"Guys",
"Constantin Guys"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this French watercolor artist and Crimean War correspondent whom Charles Baudelaire declared “the painter of modern life.”",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>grisette</u></b>s [or <b><u>grizette</u></b>s; accept <em>Two <b><u>Grisettes</em></u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "grisettes",
"clean_answers": [
"grizette",
"grisettes",
"Grisettes",
"grisette",
"Two Grisettes",
"grizettes"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "In one of Guys’s many depictions of this class of working-class French women, two of them appear in front of a pair of top hat-wearing men. Patricia Tillburg analyzed the midinette as a descendant of these women, whose French name reflects their simple clothes.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "Joshua <b><u>Reynolds</b></u>",
"answer_primary": "Joshua Reynolds",
"clean_answers": [
"Reynolds",
"Joshua Reynolds"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Baudelaire claimed that Guys would likely ignore “ancient statuary” for an opportunity to “savor” a portrait of a woman by Thomas Lawrence or this other artist, the first president of the Royal Academy of Arts.",
"value": null
}
] |
14
|
social-science
|
In a 5,000-year history, the founder of this economic school argued that “confidence in money” underlies the “viability of market economies.” For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>regulationism</u></b> [or <b><u>regulation</u></b> school]",
"answer_primary": "regulationism",
"clean_answers": [
"regulation school",
"regulationism",
"regulation"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this French school of economics established by a 1976 Michel Aglietta monograph on “The US Experience.” This school treats economic history as a succession of “modes of development.”",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "Henry <b><u>Ford</u></b> [accept <b><u>Fordism</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Henry Ford",
"clean_answers": [
"Ford",
"Fordism",
"Henry Ford"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Aglietta argues that a crisis in the mode of development named for this person began in the 1960s. Antonio Gramsci named the modern system of mass production and consumption for this person.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>accumulation</u></b> of capital [accept <em>The <b><u>Accumulation</u></b> of Capital</em>; prompt on <u>gaining capital</u> by asking “what is the specific term for that?”; reject “gaining wealth”]",
"answer_primary": "accumulation of capital",
"clean_answers": [
"accumulation",
"accumulation of capital",
"The Accumulation of Capital",
"Accumulation"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Brenner and Glick note that an emphasis on class struggle in the productivity crisis aligns regulationism with the American “School of Social Structure of” this phenomenon. Rosa Luxemburg argued that “imperialism is the political expression” of this process in a 1913 book on the “problem of reproduction.”",
"value": null
}
] |
15
|
literature
|
The speaker of a poem by this author bitterly asks, “What later purge from this deep toxin cures? / What kindness now could the old salve renew?” For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "William <b><u>Empson</u></b> (The book is <em>Seven Types of Ambiguity</em>.)",
"answer_primary": "William Empson",
"clean_answers": [
"William Empson",
"Empson"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "The book is Seven Types of Ambiguity.",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this poet who wrote “the waste remains and kills” in “Missing Dates,” which helped repopularize the villanelle. A book by this critic opens with several interpretations of Shakespeare’s image of “bare-ruined choirs.”",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Leda</u></b> [accept “Request to <b><u>Leda</u></b>”; accept “<b><u>Leda</u></b> and the Swan”] (“Leda and the Swan” is by W. B. Yeats.)",
"answer_primary": "Leda",
"clean_answers": [
"Leda",
"Leda and the Swan",
"Request to Leda"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "“Leda and the Swan” is by W. B. Yeats.",
"number": 2,
"question": "Empson’s villanelles were parodied by his friend Dylan Thomas in a poem addressed to this woman. A 15-line sonnet titled for this woman predicts “the burning roof and tower / And Agamemnon dead.”",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>October</u></b> [accept “Especially when the <b><u>October</u></b> Wind” or “Poem in <b><u>October</u></b>”; reject answers like “fall” or “autumn”]",
"answer_primary": "October",
"clean_answers": [
"autumn",
"Poem in October; reject answers like fall",
"Especially when the October Wind",
"October"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Before parodying Empson’s use of the word “chemic” in “Request to Leda,” Thomas used it in a poem about this period’s wind. Thomas marked his “thirtieth year to heaven” with a “place poem” titled for this time period.",
"value": null
}
] |
16
|
religion
|
The theory that the Qur’an anticipates later science is often called Bucailleism after a doctor who claimed to find salt crystals on this person’s body. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Pharaoh</u></b> [or <b><u>Firaun</u></b>; accept <b><u>Merneptah</u></b> or <b><u>Ramesses II</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Pharaoh",
"clean_answers": [
"Ramesses II",
"Merneptah",
"Firaun",
"Pharaoh"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "The Qur’anic Hāmān serves what person, whose last-minute conversion is rejected by Allah in Surah Yunus? In an Isra’iliyyat story, this person spares a child who picks up a burning hot coal instead of a ruby.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>inimitability</u></b> [or <b><u><em>i’jāz</u></b> al-qur’ān</em>; or <b><u>inimitable</u></b>; or answers including word forms of <b><u>not</u></b> and <b><u>imitable</u></b>, but reject synonyms; accept <b><u><em>i’jāz</u></b> ilmi</em>; prompt on word forms of <u>miraculous</u>ness]",
"answer_primary": "inimitability",
"clean_answers": [
"i’jāz ilmi",
"imitable",
"not",
"i’jāz al-qur’ān",
"not imitable",
"inimitability",
"i’jāz",
"inimitable"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Bucaille’s claims about Pharaoh suggest the Qur’an’s “scientific,” or ilmi, type of this property. Musaylimah’s doggerel verses about frogs support this specific property of the Qur’an, which the “verses of challenge” affirm by calling skeptics to “bring something like it.”",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>19</b></u>",
"answer_primary": "19",
"clean_answers": [
"19"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "An inimitable “Qur’anic Code” based on this number was theorized by Rashad Khalifa, the father of Pirates infielder Sam. This number of letters in the bismillah is ubiquitous in the Bahá’í faith.",
"value": null
}
] |
17
|
history
|
Unlike Athenian heiresses, fatherless girls without brothers called patrōiōkos could reject marriage to their father’s nearest kin in this city. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Gortyn</u></b> [or <b><u>Gortyn</u></b>a; or <b><u>Gortys</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Gortyn",
"clean_answers": [
"Gortyn",
"Gortys",
"Gortyna"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this city, a rival of Phaistos that was made the provincial capital of Crete and Cyrenaica after aiding Rome against Knossos. The most fully extant Greek law code survives in a monumental inscription in this city.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Lycurgus</u></b> of Sparta",
"answer_primary": "Lycurgus of Sparta",
"clean_answers": [
"Lycurgus of Sparta",
"Lycurgus"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Gortyn’s law code may be among the supposed Cretan influences on the “Great Rhetra” assembled by this legendary lawgiver of Sparta.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u><em>Oeconomicus</em></u></b> [or <b><u><em>Oikonomikos</em></u></b>, or <em>On <b><u>Household Management</em></u></b>, or <em>The <b><u>Economist</em></u></b>; or <b><u><em>Economics</em></u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Oeconomicus",
"clean_answers": [
"Oikonomikos,",
"Economics",
"Oeconomicus",
"Economist",
"The Economist",
"Oikonomikos",
"On Household Management,",
"Household Management"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Gortyn’s relatively liberal treatment of women contrasts with the portrait of Athenian women’s lives in sources like this book by Xenophon, in which Ischomachus relates how he “trained” his bride to manage his estate.",
"value": null
}
] |
18
|
other-science-(math)
|
William Lawvere was inspired by Hegelian dialectics to promote this subfield as the basis of mathematical foundations. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>category</u></b> theory [accept <b><u>categories</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "category theory",
"clean_answers": [
"category",
"category theory",
"categories"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this subfield of mathematics often derided as “abstract nonsense.” Mac Lane and Eilenberg used the philosophical term “functor” for maps between this field’s namesake collections of objects and morphisms.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>full</u></b> AND <b><u>faithful</u></b> [or <b><u>full</u></b>y <b><u>faithful</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "full AND faithful",
"clean_answers": [
"full",
"full AND faithful",
"full faithful",
"fully faithful",
"faithful"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Two answers required. Lawvere borrowed the dialectical idea of “unity of opposites” to name functors with adjoints that satisfy these two properties. Functors with these two properties induce bijections between hom-sets in their source and target.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>monoid</u></b> [or <b><u>monoid</u></b>al category; accept graphic <b><u>monoid</u></b>; reject “monad”]",
"answer_primary": "monoid",
"clean_answers": [
"monoidal category",
"graphic monoid; reject monad",
"monoid"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Lawvere’s “Hegelian taco” is a display of the “graphic” type of these algebraic structures. Because they are equipped with an associative operation and an identity element, these structures may be viewed as single-object categories.",
"value": null
}
] |
19
|
philosophy
|
According to Barbara Cassin, this “signifier of the signifier” is a “false cut,” since it was coined by removing two letters from an Ancient Greek word for “nothing.” For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u><em>den</em></u></b> (Democritus may have removed the negative prefix <em>me</em> from <em>meden</em>, meaning nothing, to get <em>den</em>; by analogy, the <em>not</em> is removed from <em>nothing</em> to get <em>hing</em>.)",
"answer_primary": "den",
"clean_answers": [
"den"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "Democritus may have removed the negative prefix me from meden, meaning nothing, to get den; by analogy, the not is removed from nothing to get hing.",
"number": 1,
"question": "What Ancient Greek word has been translated by the neologism “hing”? The primary attestation of this word is Fragment 156 of Democritus, which claims that “Empty space is just as real as [this word].”",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Parmenides</u></b> of Elea",
"answer_primary": "Parmenides of Elea",
"clean_answers": [
"Parmenides of Elea",
"Parmenides"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Democritus coined den to avoid hen, a term central to the poem in which this thinker proposed strict monism and outlined the “way of truth.” This thinker founded the Eleatic school.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Gorgias</b></u>",
"answer_primary": "Gorgias",
"clean_answers": [
"Gorgias"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Cassin argues that this thinker semi-jokingly rebutted Parmenides with a triple assertion in his lost work On Non-Existence. In a dialogue titled for this man, Socrates argues that tyrants are pitiful because they inflict evil.",
"value": null
}
] |
20
|
literature
|
In William Cullen Bryant’s translation, a José María Heredia poem personifies one of these events as a giant in “gray skirts” and exclaims, “He is come! He is come!” For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>hurricane</u></b>s [accept “En una tempestad: Al <b><u>huracán</u></b>,” “Oda al <b><u>huracán</u></b>,” “The <b><u>Hurricane</u></b>,” <em>Hurricane Season</em>, or <em>Temporada de <b><u>huracane</u></b>s</em>; prompt on <u>season</u>s or <u>temporada</u>]",
"answer_primary": "hurricanes",
"clean_answers": [
"huracán huracán Hurricane",
"Hurricane",
"hurricane",
"Temporada de huracanes",
"huracane",
"hurricanes",
"huracán"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Fernanda Melchor’s debut novel is titled for what sort of event? This specific type of event “does not roar in pentameter” according to Kamau Brathwaite’s “History of the Voice.”",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Cuba</b></u>",
"answer_primary": "Cuba",
"clean_answers": [
"Cuba"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Heredia is often considered Latin America’s first Romantic poet due to “Al huracán” and other poems he wrote while exiled from this island. A poet from this island wrote the essay “Our America.”",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Niagara</u></b> Falls",
"answer_primary": "Niagara Falls",
"clean_answers": [
"Niagara",
"Niagara Falls"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "A plaque at this place quotes José Martí’s remark that Heredia awakened Cuba’s “passion for freedom.” Heredia’s best-known poem asks this place of “sublime terror” to show him “the fearful beauty of thy face!”",
"value": null
}
] |
21
|
other-science-(math)
|
The sup-norm of the difference between a CDF named for this adjective and the CDF of the reference distribution is used as the statistic in a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>empirical</u></b> [accept <b><u>empirical</u></b> cumulative distribution function or <b><u>empirical</u></b> CDF]",
"answer_primary": "empirical",
"clean_answers": [
"empirical cumulative distribution function",
"empirical",
"empirical CDF"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this adjective that describes the random measure associated to a sample whose distribution function is a step function with jumps at each sample value.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Glivenko–Cantelli</u></b> theorem",
"answer_primary": "Glivenko–Cantelli theorem",
"clean_answers": [
"Glivenko–Cantelli",
"Glivenko–Cantelli theorem"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "This doubly-eponymous “Fundamental Theorem of Statistics” states that the empirical distribution function converges uniformly to its CDF almost surely, providing the basis for the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>central limit</u></b> theorem [or <b><u>CLT</u></b>; accept <b><u>Lindeberg–Lévy</u></b> CLT]",
"answer_primary": "central limit theorem",
"clean_answers": [
"central limit theorem",
"Lindeberg–Lévy CLT",
"central limit",
"Lindeberg–Lévy",
"CLT"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "The Glivenko–Cantelli theorem is strengthened by Donsker’s invariance principle, which may be viewed as an extension of this theorem to empirical processes. This theorem states that a rescaled sum of I.I.D. random variables converges to a normal distribution.",
"value": null
}
] |
22
|
social-science
|
A meta-analysis by Bond and DePaulo found that people detect this phenomenon with 53 percent accuracy when given audiovisual or audio cues, but only 50 percent of the time with just visuals. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>lying</u></b> [or telling a <b><u>lie</u></b> or <b><u>deception</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "lying",
"clean_answers": [
"deception",
"telling a lie",
"lying",
"lie"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Contrary to popular belief, people performing what action do not look downwards or fidget more than normal?",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>teacher</u></b>s [or <b><u>educator</u></b>s or <b><u>professor</u></b>s or <b><u>pedagogue</u></b>s] ",
"answer_primary": "teachers",
"clean_answers": [
"professor",
"professors",
"educators",
"pedagogue",
"teacher",
"pedagogues",
"educator",
"teachers"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Aamodt and Custer found that people with this job were best at detecting lies. Gloria Ladson-Billings’s “Culturally Relevant” methodology in this profession is part of a “critical” tradition begun by a scholar who developed a “problem-posing” method.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "John E. <b><u>Reid</u></b> [accept <b><u>Reid</u></b> technique]",
"answer_primary": "John E. Reid",
"clean_answers": [
"Reid technique",
"John E. Reid",
"Reid"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Inbau, Buckley, Jayne, and this criminologist developed an interrogation technique that incorrectly assumes that liars give unhelpful answers. This man names a nine-step interrogation method that elicited false confessions in the Central Park Five case.",
"value": null
}
] |
23
|
history
|
Dennis Tedlock theorized that the “test houses” of Xibalba in the Popol Vuh are based on the five types of this object’s cycles. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Venus</u></b> [or <b><u>Nohoch Ek</u></b>’; prompt on Great <u>Star</u> or <u>ek</u>]",
"answer_primary": "Venus",
"clean_answers": [
"Nohoch Ek",
"Nohoch Ek’",
"Venus"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this celestial object whose setting points aligned with the Caracol observatory’s windows. Maya astronomers tracked its 584-day cycle, which includes appearances as the morning and evening stars.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>star war</u></b>s [accept <b><u>star war</u></b> glyph]",
"answer_primary": "star wars",
"clean_answers": [
"star war",
"star wars",
"star war glyph"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Venus sits on top of a shell in the glyph named for these events. Linda Schele coined this two-word term to refer to battles that Maya city-states may have timed to Venus’s rising, such as Caracol’s defeat of Tikal in 562 CE.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>merchant</u></b>s [or <b><u>trader</u></b>s; or <b><u>pochteca</u></b>s; prompt on <u>traveler</u>s or synonyms]",
"answer_primary": "merchants",
"clean_answers": [
"pochteca",
"merchant",
"pochtecas",
"traders",
"trader",
"merchants"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Gabrielle Vail has associated the evening star with the black-painted God M or Ek Chuah, whom these people honored with offerings of incense on three stones. Aztec examples of these people used a bundle of sticks to represent the “Lord of the Big Nose,” Yacatecuhtli.",
"value": null
}
] |
24
|
fine-arts
|
An artist with the surname Boggs who gave himself the moniker “Just Some Guy” made a career out of selling hand-drawn, multicolored paintings resembling this stuff. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>money</u></b> [accept equivalents like <b><u>cash</u></b>; accept <b><u>dollar</u></b>s or <b><u>pound</u></b>s; accept <b><u>bill</u></b>s; accept a million <b><u>quid</u></b>; reject “paper”]",
"answer_primary": "money",
"clean_answers": [
"dollars",
"dollar",
"a million quid; reject paper",
"equivalents like cash",
"pound",
"pounds",
"bills",
"quid",
"cash",
"money",
"bill"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this stuff burned in 1994 by a duo called the K Foundation, who maintained a 23-year vow of silence about their motivations. Andy Warhol first used silk-screen printing in a series of paintings depicting this stuff.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Pope.L</u></b> (“pope L”) [or <b><u>Pope L</u></b>; or William <b><u>Pope.L</u></b>; accept William <b><u>Pope</u></b>; prompt on <u>L</u>]",
"answer_primary": "Pope.L",
"clean_answers": [
"William Pope.L",
"Pope L",
"William Pope",
"Pope",
"Pope.L"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "This artist wore a skirt of dollar bills and Timberland boots in “ATM Piece.” This self-proclaimed “Friendliest Black Artist in America,” who affixed a capital letter to his surname, made a series of grueling “crawls” across New York.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "Princess <b><u>Diana</u></b> [or <b><u>Diana</u></b>, Princess of Wales; or Lady Diana <b><u>Spencer</u></b>; or Diana Frances <b><u>Spencer</u></b>] (The bill is punningly called the “Di-Faced Tenner.”)",
"answer_primary": "Princess Diana",
"clean_answers": [
"Lady Diana Spencer",
"Spencer",
"Diana, Princess of Wales",
"Diana",
"Diana Frances Spencer",
"Princess Diana"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "The bill is punningly called the “Di-Faced Tenner.”",
"number": 3,
"question": "In 2004, Banksy printed one million pounds’ worth of a fake tenner that depicts this woman. This woman wore a silk-and-lace wedding gown with a 25-foot train and an all-black “revenge dress.”",
"value": null
}
] |
25
|
other-academic
|
A Soviet researcher working with expert blacksmiths produced “cyclograms” while studying “intertrial variability” in this phenomenon. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "bodily <b><u>motion</u></b>s [or bodily <b><u>movement</u></b>s; accept <b><u>motor</u></b> skills or <b><u>motor</u></b> learning; accept <b><u>kinesis</u></b> or <b><u>kinesiology</u></b>; accept <b><u>motion</u></b> studies or time and <b><u>motion</u></b> studies]",
"answer_primary": "bodily motions",
"clean_answers": [
"motion",
"time and motion studies",
"motor learning",
"bodily motions",
"bodily movements",
"movement",
"motor",
"motion studies",
"kinesis",
"kinesiology",
"motor skills"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Nikolai Bernstein observed “repetition without repetition” in what phenomenon? Cheaper by the Dozen couple Frank and Lillian Gilbreth used “therblig” units in studies named for time and this phenomenon.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>degrees of freedom</u></b> [or <b><u>DOF</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "degrees of freedom",
"clean_answers": [
"DOF",
"degrees of freedom"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Bernstein proposed that motor skills require “freezing” these things, which name the problem of “motor equivalence.” In many sciences, this three-word term refers to the factors that may vary independently in a system.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Moravec</u></b>’s paradox [accept Hans <b><u>Moravec</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Moravec’s paradox",
"clean_answers": [
"Moravec’s paradox",
"Moravec",
"Hans Moravec"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "The degrees-of-freedom problem illustrates this paradox in AI research, which notes the relative simplicity of reasoning compared with sensorimotor skills. It is named for a scientist who imagined AI flooding the “landscape of human competence” and wrote Mind Children.",
"value": null
}
] |
26
|
literature
|
In one of a ridiculous number of letters discussing oysters with his Harvard pen pal Cornelius Felton, this author expressed admiration for notorious illegal oyster glutton Edward Dando. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "Charles <b><u>Dickens</b></u>",
"answer_primary": "Charles Dickens",
"clean_answers": [
"Charles Dickens",
"Dickens"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this author who put remarks about oysters in the mouths of characters like Kit Nubbles and Seth Pecksniff.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "Sam <b><u>Weller</u></b> [or <b><u>Sam</u></b>uel Weller; accept <b><u>Wellerism</u></b>s]",
"answer_primary": "Sam Weller",
"clean_answers": [
"Samuel Weller",
"Sam Weller",
"Wellerism",
"Wellerisms",
"Sam",
"Weller"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "This Cockney shoeshine declares that “poverty and oysters always seem to go together” in Dickens’s The Pickwick Papers. This character gives his name to “isms” that combine a fatuous proverb with a humorous attribution.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "Bill <b><u>Tulkinghorn</u></b> [or Mr. <b><u>Tulkinghorn</u></b>; prompt on <u>Bill</u>] (He is the antagonist of <em>Bleak House</em>.)",
"answer_primary": "Bill Tulkinghorn",
"clean_answers": [
"Bill Tulkinghorn",
"Mr. Tulkinghorn",
"Tulkinghorn"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "He is the antagonist of Bleak House.",
"number": 3,
"question": "Dickens introduces this antagonist as an “oyster of the old school whom nobody can open” and likens his profession to “maggots in nuts.” This antagonist’s all-black attire, “irresponsive to any glancing light,” makes him resemble a “larger species of rook.”",
"value": null
}
] |
27
|
history
|
This concept is attributed to both Aristotle and Ardashir in Ibn al-Batriq’s Secretum Secretorum, which illustrates it in a verse beginning “the world is a garden for the state to master.” For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>circle of justice</u></b> [or <b><u>circle of equity</u></b>, <b><u>circle of power</u></b>, <b><u>daire-i adalet</u></b>, <b><u>daire-e adalet</u></b>, or <b><u>dairat al-adala</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "circle of justice",
"clean_answers": [
"circle of equity circle of power daire-i adalet daire-e adalet",
"circle of equity, circle of power, daire-i adalet, daire-e adalet,",
"circle of equity",
"dairat al-adala",
"circle of power",
"circle of justice",
"daire-e adalet",
"daire-i adalet"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this central concept of Ottoman political thought, which describes how the ruler’s relationship with classes like the “Men of the Pen” and the “Men of Agriculture” create a stable society.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>tax</u></b>ation [or word forms of collecting <b><u>tax</u></b>es; accept <b><u>vergi</u></b>, <b><u>avarız</u></b>, or <b><u>haraç</u></b>; accept <b><u>tax</u></b>-farming]",
"answer_primary": "taxation",
"clean_answers": [
"tax",
"word forms of collecting taxes",
"taxation",
"vergi, avarız,",
"vergi avarız",
"vergi",
"tax-farming",
"haraç",
"avarız"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "The standard “circle of justice” presents this practice as necessary for a strong army. The Ottomans auctioned off the right to profit from this practice in the Iltizām system, an example of the practice of “farming” it.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>çelebi</u></b> (“CHELL-eh-bee”) [accept Kınalızâde Ali <b><u>Çelebi</u></b>, Kâtip <b><u>Çelebi</u></b>, or Evliya <b><u>Çelebi</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "çelebi",
"clean_answers": [
"Çelebi Çelebi",
"Çelebi",
"çelebi",
"Evliya Çelebi",
"Kınalızâde Ali Çelebi, Kâtip Çelebi,"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "The term was popularized by Kınalızâde Ali, a jurist known by this Ottoman title. This title is often mistaken for a surname in the names of the polymath Kâtip and the explorer Evliya, who wrote a 10-volume Book of Travels.",
"value": null
}
] |
28
|
science
|
The Fakhri lab realized a “living chiral crystal” of starfish embryos displaying “odd dynamics,” which can be described theoretically as this type of matter. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>active</u></b> matter",
"answer_primary": "active matter",
"clean_answers": [
"active matter",
"active"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "What adjective describes profoundly out-of-equilibrium systems that produce energy at the microscopic scale?",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>time-reversal</u></b> symmetry [or <b><u>T</u></b> symmetry; or <b><u>TRS</u></b>; accept descriptions of <b><u><em>t</em> goes to negative <em>t</em></u></b>; prompt on <u>time</u>; prompt on <u>reversible</u> or <u>reversibility</u>; reject “time translation symmetry”]",
"answer_primary": "time-reversal symmetry",
"clean_answers": [
"descriptions of t goes to negative t",
"time-reversal",
"TRS",
"T",
"time-reversal symmetry",
"t goes to negative t",
"T symmetry"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "A hallmark of active matter is the loss of this symmetry, which is associated with the loss of detailed balance. When deriving the Onsager reciprocal relations, one interchanges labels by assuming this discrete symmetry, which is broken by magnetic fields.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>viscosity</u></b> [accept odd <b><u>viscosity</u></b>; accept <b><u>viscosity</u></b> tensor]",
"answer_primary": "viscosity",
"clean_answers": [
"viscosity tensor",
"viscosity",
"odd viscosity"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "A loss of time reversal symmetry allows for the “odd” type of this quantity to be realized. This quantity relates the shear stress in a fluid to the flow velocity.",
"value": null
}
] |
29
|
religion
|
Charles Johnson’s essay “Why Buddhism for Black America Now?” appears in an essay collection titled for this activity, which he wrote decades after his slave narrative novel titled for it. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>ox-herd</u></b>ing [accept <b><u><em>Taming the Ox</em></u></b> or <b><u><em>Ox-Herding</u></b> Tale</em>]",
"answer_primary": "ox-herding",
"clean_answers": [
"Ox-Herding Tale",
"ox-herding",
"Taming the Ox",
"ox-herd",
"Ox-Herding"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this activity that, in English, names a set of poems codified by Guoan Shiyuan in the 12th century. A boy representing the individuated ego plays a flute in the sixth entry of Shūbun’s series named for this activity.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>nothing</u></b>ness [or <b><u>emptiness</u></b>, <b><u>vacuity</u></b>, <b><u>void</u></b>ness, <b><u>nullity</u></b>, or <b><u>zero</u></b>; or <b><u>ku</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "nothingness",
"clean_answers": [
"nothingness",
"vacuity",
"nullity",
"zero",
"emptiness",
"nothing",
"void",
"emptiness vacuity void nullity",
"emptiness, vacuity, voidness, nullity,",
"ku"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "In Ueda Shizuteru’s reading, the blank 8th entry of Chan Buddhism’s Ox-Herding Pictures depicts a nihilistic form of this concept called sōtaiteki mu. In Sanskrit, this concept is called śūnyatā.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Budai</u></b> [accept <b><u>Qìcǐ</u></b>, <b><u>Pu-tai</u></b>, <b><u>Hotei</u></b>, <b><u>Bùdài</u></b> héshàng, <b><u>Xiào Fó</u></b>, <b><u>Pàng Fó</u></b>, or <b><u>Kuàilè Fó</u></b>; prompt on <u>Laughing Buddha</u>, <u>Fat Buddha</u>, or <u>Happy Buddha</u>; reject “Buddha”]",
"answer_primary": "Budai",
"clean_answers": [
"Kuàilè Fó",
"Qìcǐ, Pu-tai, Hotei, Bùdài héshàng, Xiào Fó, Pàng Fó,",
"Bùdài",
"Pu-tai",
"Pàng Fó",
"Qìcǐ Pu-tai Hotei Bùdài Xiào Fó Pàng Fó",
"Hotei",
"Xiào Fó",
"Budai",
"Qìcǐ"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "In Shūbun’s paintings, the enlightened man who enters a city “with helping hands” in the last entry looks like this monk. This fat, laughing incarnation of Maitreya is often mistaken for Siddhartha Gautama in the West.",
"value": null
}
] |
30
|
fine-arts
|
A 13th-century Old Galician collection of these pieces dedicated to the Virgin Mary is unusually attributed to the King of Castile, Alfonso X. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>canticle</u></b>s [or <b><u>cántiga</u></b>s; accept <b><u><em>Canticle</u></b> of the Sun</em> or <b><u><em>Cántiga</u></b>s de Santa María</em> or <b><u><em>Canticle</u></b>s of St. Mary</em>]",
"answer_primary": "canticles",
"clean_answers": [
"cántigas",
"Cántiga",
"Cántigas de Santa María",
"Canticle of the Sun",
"Canticles of St. Mary",
"canticles",
"Canticle",
"canticle",
"cántiga"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "The Magnificat hymn is what kind of little religious song not taken from Psalms? In 1224, St. Francis praised “Brother Fire” in one that inspired a cello work by Sofia Gubaidulina titled for one “of the Sun.”",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "Benjamin <b><u>Britten</b></u>",
"answer_primary": "Benjamin Britten",
"clean_answers": [
"Britten",
"Benjamin Britten"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "This composer’s five Canticles span his late career. He created the semi-operatic genre of “church parable” in The Burning Fiery Furnace, The Prodigal Son, and Curlew River, based on Japanese noh, with librettist William Plomer.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "École <b><u>Niedermeyer</u></b> de Paris [or <b><u>Niedermeyer</u></b> School; accept Louis <b><u>Niedermeyer</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "École Niedermeyer de Paris",
"clean_answers": [
"École Niedermeyer de Paris",
"Louis Niedermeyer",
"Niedermeyer",
"Niedermeyer School"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Fauré’s young short choral work Cantique de Jean Racine won first prize at this church-music boarding school where Saint-Saëns taught André Messager. This school’s Swiss namesake took over the defunct École Choron after ending his collaboration with Rossini to revive Renaissance music in Paris.",
"value": null
}
] |
31
|
history
|
At a meeting of the National Indignation Convention, J. Evetts Haley quipped that he was against this “moderate” movement, and was instead “for hanging.” For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Impeach Earl Warren</u></b> [accept <b><u>impeach</u></b>ing Earl <b><u>Warren</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Impeach Earl Warren",
"clean_answers": [
"Warren",
"Impeach Earl Warren",
"impeach Warren",
"impeach",
"impeaching Earl Warren"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this 1960s movement that paired its slogan with a call to “Save Our Republic!” on hundreds of billboards. This movement reacted in part to the “Red Monday” decisions.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "John <b><u>Birch</u></b> Society [or <b><u>JBS</u></b>; accept <b><u>Birch</u></b>ers]",
"answer_primary": "John Birch Society",
"clean_answers": [
"Birchers",
"John Birch Society",
"JBS",
"Birch"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Impeach Earl Warren billboards were paid for by this anti-communist “society” named for a missionary killed in China.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "Edwin <b><u>Walker</b></u>",
"answer_primary": "Edwin Walker",
"clean_answers": [
"Walker",
"Edwin Walker"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Anti-Warren and anti-UN signs decorated the Dallas yard of this far-right activist. Lee Harvey Oswald attempted to assassinate this former general, who was forced to resign after trying to train his troops with John Birch pamphlets.",
"value": null
}
] |
32
|
literature
|
A trucker drives across this state to go on a disappointing date with a schoolteacher in a story from Maile Meloy’s collection Both Ways Is the Only Way I Want It. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Montana</u></b> [or <b><u>MT</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Montana",
"clean_answers": [
"Montana",
"MT"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this state, the setting of The Lady in Kicking Horse Reservoir by Richard Hugo. Hugo spearheaded a regionalist movement in this state while working at its flagship university under Leslie Fiedler.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "James <b><u>Welch</u></b> [accept Jim <b><u>Welch</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "James Welch",
"clean_answers": [
"Welch",
"Jim Welch",
"James Welch"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "One of Hugo’s students at the University of Montana was this Blackfeet novelist who set Winter in the Blood on the Belknap Reservation. His novel Fools Crow is a landmark work of the Native American Renaissance.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>gray</u></b> [accept “Degrees of <b><u>Gray</u></b> in Philipsburg” or Zane <b><u>Grey</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "gray",
"clean_answers": [
"gray",
"Grey",
"Degrees of Gray in Philipsburg",
"Zane Grey",
"Gray"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Hugo’s most-anthologized poem is titled for “degrees of” this color in the Montana town of Philipsburg. An author with this surname used Montana as a setting in The Border Legion and wrote Riders of the Purple Sage.",
"value": null
}
] |
33
|
philosophy
|
In one book, this philosopher discussed whether the Chancellor of the Exchequer would be killing the elderly by failing to raise old-age pensions. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "Jonathan <b><u>Glover</b></u>",
"answer_primary": "Jonathan Glover",
"clean_answers": [
"Jonathan Glover",
"Glover"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this author of Causing Death and Saving Lives. This English philosopher made an early intervention on the ethics of gene editing in his 1984 book What Sort of People Should There Be?",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>let</u></b>ting <b><u>die</u></b> [or <b><u>allow</u></b>ing someone to <b><u>die</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "letting die",
"clean_answers": [
"let",
"let die",
"letting die",
"allowing someone to die",
"die",
"allow",
"allow die"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "In Causing Death, Glover argues that side effects alone do not allow us to say that killing is worse than this act of omission. Philippa Foot used the notion of “fatal sequences” to argue that killing is worse than this omission.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>drown</u></b>ing in a shallow pond",
"answer_primary": "drowning in a shallow pond",
"clean_answers": [
"drown",
"drowning in a shallow pond"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Glover also cites Peter Singer’s argument that the reasons for saving a “Bengali whose name I shall never know” are the same as those requiring one to risk ruining their clothes in order to save a child from this fate.",
"value": null
}
] |
34
|
science
|
Valence isomers are constitutional isomers that interconvert via these reactions. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>pericyclic</u></b> reactions [prompt on <u>electrocyclic</u> reactions or <u>electrocyclization</u>s, <u>cycloaddition</u>s, <u>cycloelimination</u>s, <u>sigmatropic</u> reactions, <u>ene</u> reactions, or <u>cheletropic</u> reactions by asking “what is the general class of reactions?”]",
"answer_primary": "pericyclic reactions",
"clean_answers": [
"pericyclic reactions",
"pericyclic"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this type of reaction that may be analyzed using the Möbius–Hückel treatment. Classes of these reactions include dyotropic reactions and group transfer reactions.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>linear</b></u>",
"answer_primary": "linear",
"clean_answers": [
"linear"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Pericyclic reactions are sometimes contrasted with a class of reactions described by this word. This is the VSEPR geometry of triiodide and carbon dioxide.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>coarctate</u></b> reactions [accept pseudo<b><u>coarctate</u></b> reactions]",
"answer_primary": "coarctate reactions",
"clean_answers": [
"pseudocoarctate reactions",
"coarctate reactions",
"coarctate"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Linear reactions, pericyclic reactions, and this third class of reactions comprise the primary concerted reaction topologies. The transition states of these reactions are characterized by possessing two rings.",
"value": null
}
] |
35
|
fine-arts
|
Answer the following about lost artworks that inspired essays in Judith Schalansky’s book An Inventory of Losses, for 10 points each.
|
[
{
"answer_line": "the <b><u>Moon</u></b> [accept the Earth’s <b><u>moon</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "the Moon",
"clean_answers": [
"the Earth’s moon",
"the Moon",
"moon",
"Moon"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Schalansky claims that “to understand [this place] means to understand oneself” in an essay on lost works by Gottfried Kinau. Samuel Beckett claimed that Waiting for Godot was inspired by a Caspar David Friedrich painting partly titled for this place.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>unicorn</u></b>s [or <em>Hunt of the <b><u>Unicorn</em></u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "unicorns",
"clean_answers": [
"Unicorn",
"unicorn",
"unicorns",
"Hunt of the Unicorn"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "The book meditates on physicist Otto von Guericke’s attempt to reconstruct the skeleton of one of these creatures. A set of tapestries at The Met Cloisters shows one of these creatures enclosed by a circular fence.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>swan</u></b>s [or Dunstable <b><u>Swan</u></b> Jewel]",
"answer_primary": "swans",
"clean_answers": [
"swan",
"swans",
"Swan",
"Dunstable Swan Jewel"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Schalansky imagines looters at Von Behr Palace stealing a cigarette case with the family crest, which features a helmet topped by these animals. Dunstable Friary held a gold and enamel brooch depicting one of these animals.",
"value": null
}
] |
36
|
literature
|
The author’s acquaintance with Fulcanelli may have inspired a manifesto’s claim that this process, like surrealism, allows “man’s imagination to take a stunning revenge on all things.” For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "making the <b><u>philosopher’s stone</u></b> [or descriptions of <b><u>making gold</u></b>; or <b><u>magnum opus</u></b>; or <b><u>great work</u></b>; or <b><u>chrysopoeia</u></b>; prompt on <u>transmutation</u>; prompt on <u>alchemy</u>; prompt on <u>hermetic</u>ism]",
"answer_primary": "making the philosopher’s stone",
"clean_answers": [
"making the philosopher’s stone",
"making gold",
"chrysopoeia",
"descriptions of making gold",
"philosopher’s stone",
"magnum opus",
"great work"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Identify this process that structures Ithell Colquhoun’s surrealist novel The Goose of Hermogenes, which takes its chapter titles from Basil Valentine’s The Twelve Keys.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "André <b><u>Breton</u></b> [or André Robert <b><u>Breton</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "André Breton",
"clean_answers": [
"André Breton",
"André Robert Breton",
"Breton"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "This author abandoned alchemical-hermeticism to pen an earnest “Ode to Charles Fourier” after writing the tarot-inspired novel Arcane 17. He also wrote the surrealist manifestos and the novel Nadja.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u><em>Inferno</b></u></em>",
"answer_primary": "Inferno",
"clean_answers": [
"Inferno"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "This memoir by August Strindberg details his efforts to make gold from iron sulfate while holed up in Paris’s Hôtel Orfila. Like the Occult Diary, it covers his mental breakdown of the 1890s.",
"value": null
}
] |
37
|
science
|
In one technique, production of these molecules begins with the fusion of antigen-exposed B-cells to HGPRT negative, immortal myeloma cells. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>monoclonal antibodies</u></b> [or <b><u>mAb</u></b>s; prompt on <u>antibodies</u> or <u>immunoglobulin</u>s]",
"answer_primary": "monoclonal antibodies",
"clean_answers": [
"mAb",
"mAbs",
"monoclonal antibodies"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name these molecules that are collected and “humanized” prior to therapeutic use. These molecules are produced from identical clones of a single parent cell.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>HAT</u></b> medium [or <b><u>hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine</u></b> medium]",
"answer_primary": "HAT medium",
"clean_answers": [
"HAT medium",
"hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine",
"hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine medium",
"HAT"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "During monoclonal antibody production, hybridoma cells are cultured in this three-component selection medium that blocks DNA de novo synthesis to restrict the growth of unfused cells.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>folate</u></b> [or <b><u>folic acid</u></b> or <b><u>vitamin B9</u></b> or <b><u>folacin</u></b>; accept <b><u>dihydrofolate</u></b> reductase or <b><u>tetrahydrofolate</u></b>; prompt on <u>DHF</u>R or <u>THF</u>]",
"answer_primary": "folate",
"clean_answers": [
"folic acid",
"dihydrofolate reductase",
"vitamin B9",
"folate",
"dihydrofolate",
"tetrahydrofolate",
"folacin"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "The aminopterin in HAT medium disrupts DNA synthesis by blocking the reductase activity of an enzyme that acts on this metabolite. That enzyme, which is targeted by the chemotherapy drug methotrexate, converts this compound’s less active “di-hydro” form into its more active “tetra-hydro” form.",
"value": null
}
] |
38
|
history
|
Odo of Deuil’s account of one of these events claims that its participants got spooked by a snake charmer and started a riot in the city of Philippopolis. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>crusade</u></b>s [or <b><u>croisade</u></b>s; accept <b><u>crusading</u></b> movement or <b><u>croiserie</u></b>; prompt on holy <u>war</u>s, <u>iter</u>, or <u>peregrinatio</u>]",
"answer_primary": "crusades",
"clean_answers": [
"crusading",
"crusades",
"croisades",
"crusading movement",
"crusade",
"croiserie",
"croisade"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name these events whose “land route” traversed the Balkans on Roman roads like the Via Egnatia. In the first of these events, Godfrey of Bouillon took the “diagonal” Via Militaris to meet with Alexius I Comnenus.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Coloman</u></b>, King of Hungary [or <b><u>Coloman</u></b> the Learned, the Book-Lover, or the Bookish; or Könyves <b><u>Kálmán</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Coloman, King of Hungary",
"clean_answers": [
"Könyves Kálmán",
"Coloman",
"Kálmán",
"Coloman, King of Hungary",
"the Bookish",
"Coloman the Learned, the Book-Lover,"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "In exchange for letting a crusader army travel through his lands, this king took Godfrey’s brother Baldwin hostage. This scholarly king unified his kingdom with Croatia via the Pacta conventa.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "Crusade of the <b><u>Faint-Hearted</u></b> [or <b><u>Crusade</u></b> of <b><u>1101</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Crusade of the Faint-Hearted",
"clean_answers": [
"1101",
"Crusade 1101",
"Faint-Hearted",
"Crusade of 1101",
"Crusade of the Faint-Hearted",
"Crusade"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "The untrained Lombards that fought in this campaign were escorted across the Balkans, only to break into Alexius’s palace at Blachernae and kill his pet lion. Kilij Arslan I destroyed William of Aquitaine’s army during this successor to the First Crusade.",
"value": null
}
] |
39
|
modern-world
|
A 2023 HHS report on this issue compares its effects to smoking 15 cigarettes daily. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>loneliness</u></b> [accept synonyms like <b><u>isolation</u></b>; accept answers about a <b><u>lack</u></b> of social <b><u>connection</u></b>; accept <b><u>loneliness</u></b> epidemic; reject “solitude”]",
"answer_primary": "loneliness",
"clean_answers": [
"synonyms like isolation",
"lack",
"lack connection",
"loneliness epidemic; reject solitude",
"isolation",
"connection",
"answers about a lack of social connection",
"loneliness"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this issue, the subject of a WHO commission chaired by US Surgeon General Vivek Murthy. Public health experts have warned of an “epidemic” of this issue that worsened during COVID lockdowns.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>social</u></b> [accept <b><u>social</u></b> epidemiology or <b><u>social</u></b> determinants of health; prompt on <u>SDOH</u>]",
"answer_primary": "social",
"clean_answers": [
"social epidemiology",
"social",
"social determinants of health"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "The impacts of loneliness on health are studied in a subfield of epidemiology named for this word. This is the first word in a four-word term for non-health “determinants of health” like housing or food insecurity.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>chain</u></b> of <b><u>risk</u></b> [or word forms like <b><u>chain</u></b>ing of <b><u>risk</u></b>; prompt on <u>accumulation</u> of risk until it is read]",
"answer_primary": "chain of risk",
"clean_answers": [
"chain of risk",
"risk",
"word forms like chaining of risk",
"chain risk",
"chain"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Unlike models that focus on critical or sensitive periods of life, this model focuses on harmful events that lead to other events impacting health, like poor childhood diet that leads to earlier menopause. This three-word model builds on the accumulation model.",
"value": null
}
] |
40
|
other-academic
|
This thinker suggested updating Kant with an “energetic imperative” reading “do not squander energy!” and wrote “Sunday sermons” for Ernst Haeckel’s Monist League. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "Wilhelm <b><u>Ostwald</u></b> [or Friedrich Wilhelm <b><u>Ostwald</u></b>; accept <b><u>Ostwald</u></b> process]",
"answer_primary": "Wilhelm Ostwald",
"clean_answers": [
"Ostwald process",
"Wilhelm Ostwald",
"Ostwald",
"Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this chemist who created a color system based on “hue triangles,” coined the term “mole,” and names the standard process for producing nitric acid.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Mach</u></b>ism [or <b><u>Machian</u></b> positivism; or answers indicating the views of Ernst <b><u>Mach</u></b>; accept Russian <b><u>Machist</u></b>s; prompt on <u>positivism</u>, <u>empiricism</u>, or <u>sensational</u>ism by asking “as theorized by whom?”]",
"answer_primary": "Machism",
"clean_answers": [
"Russian Machists",
"Machian positivism",
"Machian",
"Machist",
"Mach",
"answers indicating the views of Ernst Mach",
"Machism"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Ostwald’s energism and anti-atomism allied him with this school of thought, whose Russian followers were attacked in Lenin’s book Materialism and Empirio-criticism. The namesake of this school of thought inspired Douglas Harding’s Headless Way with his “view from the left eye” self-portrait.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Ido</b></u>",
"answer_primary": "Ido",
"clean_answers": [
"Ido"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Ostwald devised Weltdeutsch after championing this foremost reformed version of Esperanto, which was created by Louis Couturat and Otto Jespersen. This language’s three-letter name is a suffix meaning “offspring.”",
"value": null
}
] |
41
|
history
|
Catalan Austracists settled New Barcelona in a region named for this title, which became part of the Military Frontier after the Habsburgs won it in the Treaty of Passarowitz. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>ban</u></b> [or <b><u>bán</u></b>ok; accept <b><u>Ban</u></b>at, <b><u>Ban</u></b>ate, <b><u>Bán</u></b>ság, or <b><u>Ban</u></b>ovina; accept <b><u>Ban</u></b>at of Temesvar or <b><u>Ban</u></b>at Republic]",
"answer_primary": "ban",
"clean_answers": [
"ban",
"Banovina",
"Banat, Banate, Bánság,",
"bán",
"bánok",
"Bán",
"Ban",
"Banat Republic",
"Banat of Temesvar",
"Ban Ban Bán"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this title of the governors who ruled Hungarian territories like Croatia and Bosnia. This title names a historic region centered on Timișoara, where Otto Roth established a socialist republic in 1918.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Eugene</u></b> of Savoy [or Prince <b><u>Eugene</u></b> Francis of Savoy-Carignano]",
"answer_primary": "Eugene of Savoy",
"clean_answers": [
"Eugene",
"Prince Eugene Francis of Savoy-Carignano",
"Eugene of Savoy"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "The Banat of Temesvar was awarded to the Count de Mercy after his campaign with this Habsburg field marshal, who won at Blenheim with the Duke of Marlborough.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Swabia</u></b> [accept Banat <b><u>Swabians</u></b>, Danube <b><u>Swabians</u></b>, Satu Mare <b><u>Swabians</u></b>, Sathmar <b><u>Swabians</u></b>, or other subgroups] (The boats are Ulmer Schachtel, or Ulm boxes.)",
"answer_primary": "Swabia",
"clean_answers": [
"Swabians",
"Banat Swabians, Danube Swabians, Satu Mare Swabians, Sathmar Swabians,",
"Swabians Swabians Swabians Swabians",
"Swabia",
"other subgroups"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "The boats are Ulmer Schachtel, or Ulm boxes.",
"number": 3,
"question": "The Habsburg Banat’s main immigrant population was named for being from this region. Striped “box” barges named for a city in this region brought its so-called “Danube” population to settle areas like Satu Mare, or Satmar.",
"value": null
}
] |
42
|
science
|
This species’s reference genome helped map and assemble the more complex, polyploid wheat genome and served as a scaffold for genomic assembly of multiple barley species. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u><em>B</u></b>rachypodium</em> <b><u><em>distachyon</u></b> </em>[accept <b><u><em>B. distachyon</em></u></b>; prompt on <u><em>Brachypodium</em></u>]",
"answer_primary": "Brachypodium distachyon",
"clean_answers": [
"B. distachyon",
"B",
"Brachypodium distachyon",
"distachyon",
"B distachyon"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this monocot grass species whose incredibly small genome was just one key factor outlined by John Draper’s lab in a landmark 2001 paper championing its use as a model organism.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "genetic <b><u>transformation</u></b> [or creating <b><u>transgenic plants</u></b>; or <b><u>gene transfer</u></b>; or <b><u>transfection</u></b>; reject transduction]",
"answer_primary": "genetic transformation",
"clean_answers": [
"transformation",
"gene transfer",
"transfection; reject transduction",
"genetic transformation",
"transfection",
"transgenic plants",
"creating transgenic plants"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "One system that popularized Brachypodium as a model organism uses microprojectile bombardment and hygromycin selection to accomplish this general process. Well-plates filled with Agrobacterium facilitate this process in Arabidopsis in a “floral dip” technique.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>lignin</b></u>",
"answer_primary": "lignin",
"clean_answers": [
"lignin"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Since 2001, Brachypodium has been used to characterize nearly every enzyme in this organic polymer’s biosynthesis. With cellulose and pectin, this protein provides structural support to plant cell walls.",
"value": null
}
] |
43
|
literature
|
COSAW published a collection of this poet’s previously banned poems, titled When the Clouds Clear, when he returned from exile in 1990. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "Keorapetse <b><u>Kgositsile</u></b> (“ko-ra-PET-seh ho-set-SEE-leh”) [or Keorapetse William <b><u>Kgositsile</u></b>; prompt on Bra <u>Willie</u>]",
"answer_primary": "Keorapetse Kgositsile",
"clean_answers": [
"Keorapetse William Kgositsile",
"Kgositsile",
"Keorapetse Kgositsile"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this poet whose declaration that “this is the last age of poems” before “guns and rifles” take over inspired the Last Poets, a spoken-word collective formed during his exile in New York in the ’60s.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Pan-African</u></b>ism [accept <b><u>Panafrica</u></b>; prompt on <em>My Name is <u>Afrika</em></u>]",
"answer_primary": "Pan-Africanism",
"clean_answers": [
"Panafrica",
"Pan-Africanism",
"Pan-African"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Kgositsile’s 1971 collection is titled in reference to this movement, which names the setting of Peter Abrahams’s A Wreath for Udomo. Kwame Nkrumah advocated this movement for worldwide solidarity among Black people.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Heinemann</u></b> [or William <b><u>Heinemann</u></b> Ltd.; accept <b><u>Heinemann</u></b> African Writers Series]",
"answer_primary": "Heinemann",
"clean_answers": [
"William Heinemann Ltd.",
"Heinemann African Writers Series",
"Heinemann"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Kgositsile’s work appeared in Poems of Black Africa, a volume that Wole Soyinka edited for the influential “African Writers Series” put out by this London-based publisher.",
"value": null
}
] |
44
|
fine-arts
|
Answer the following about the making of films directed by Dee Rees, for 10 points each.
|
[
{
"answer_line": "Gordon <b><u>Parks</u></b> [or Gordon Roger Alexander Buchanan <b><u>Parks</u></b>] (The film is <em>Shaft</em>.)",
"answer_primary": "Gordon Parks",
"clean_answers": [
"Gordon Roger Alexander Buchanan Parks",
"Parks",
"Gordon Parks"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "The film is Shaft.",
"number": 1,
"question": "This director’s imagery inspired Rachel Morrison’s Oscar-nominated cinematography for Rees’s film Mudbound. Isaac Hayes wrote an Oscar-winning funk theme for a 1971 blaxploitation film by this director.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>NYU</u></b> [or <b><u>New York</u></b> University]",
"answer_primary": "NYU",
"clean_answers": [
"New York University",
"New York",
"NYU"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Rees wrote the script for her debut film Pariah while interning for Spike Lee, her professor at this private university’s Tisch School of the Arts.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "Haile <b><u>Gerima</u></b> (“HIGH-lay geh-REE-mah”)",
"answer_primary": "Haile Gerima ",
"clean_answers": [
"Gerima",
"Haile Gerima"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Bradford Young’s cinematography for Pariah was inspired by this director’s lectures on African art at Howard University. This Ethiopian director of the L.A. Rebellion movement explored oppression in films like Bush Mama and Sankofa.",
"value": null
}
] |
45
|
history
|
Archibald Cox promoted the theory that George Washington created the precedent of executive privilege in the aftermath of this military disaster. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>St. Clair</u></b>’s (“Sinclair’s”) defeat [or Battle of the <b><u>Wabash</u></b> River; or Battle of a <b><u>Thousand Slain</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "St. Clair’s defeat",
"clean_answers": [
"Wabash",
"St. Clair’s defeat",
"Battle of a Thousand Slain",
"Battle of the Wabash River",
"St. Clair",
"Thousand Slain"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "What battle prompted the first congressional investigation into the executive branch? The US’s first standing army was formed after this “defeat,” at which Little Turtle destroyed an expedition led by its namesake officer.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Shawnee</u></b> people [or <b><u>Shawnee</u></b> tribe; or <b><u>Shaawana</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Shawnee people",
"clean_answers": [
"Shawnee tribe",
"Shaawana",
"Shawnee people",
"Shawnee"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "St. Clair’s defeat and the earlier Crawford’s defeat were inflicted by coalitions that included this native Ohio people, who were led at the Battle of Fallen Timbers by Tecumseh.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "salt <b><u>lick</u></b>s [or mineral <b><u>lick</u></b>s; accept Salt-<b><u>Lick</u></b> Town, Bullitt’s <b><u>Lick</u></b>, or Battle of Blue <b><u>Lick</u></b>s; prompt on salt <u>deposit</u>s, <u>salt</u>works, or salt <u>spring</u>s]",
"answer_primary": "salt licks",
"clean_answers": [
"Battle of Blue Licks",
"lick",
"Salt-Lick Town, Bullitt’s Lick,",
"Lick",
"Lick Lick",
"mineral licks",
"salt licks"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "The coalitions at both “defeats” sought to avenge Crawford’s destruction of a Mingo town named for this sort of place, which Thomas Bullitt commercialized in Kentucky. Israel Boone died at a battle named for one of these places late in the Revolutionary War.",
"value": null
}
] |
46
|
other-culture
|
A 2015 Washington Post op-ed described how Thomas Jefferson High School failed to prevent an AI class from using this image in coursework. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u><em>Lenna</em></u></b> [or <b><u><em>Lena</em></u></b>; accept Lena <b><u>Forsén</u></b>; accept Lena <b><u>Soderberg</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Lenna",
"clean_answers": [
"Lenna",
"Lena",
"Lena Soderberg",
"Lena Forsén",
"Soderberg",
"Forsén"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this once-ubiquitous test image for image processing. Many publications have banned this image of a Swedish Playboy model due to the sexism suggested by its popularity with a mostly male research base.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Kodak</u></b> [or Eastman <b><u>Kodak</u></b> Company]",
"answer_primary": "Kodak",
"clean_answers": [
"Eastman Kodak Company",
"Kodak"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Lena Forsén worked as one of the models that this company used for calibration via its “Shirley” and “China girls” color test cards. This Rochester-based company created the Brownie camera.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>tic-tac-toe</u></b> [or <b><u>noughts and crosses</u></b> or <b><u>Xs and Os</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "tic-tac-toe",
"clean_answers": [
"noughts and crosses",
"Xs and Os",
"tic-tac-toe"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "A BBC engineer used a photo of his daughter and a clown doll engaging in this activity as the image for Test Card F, giving her nearly 70 thousand hours of air time. Donald Michie used matchboxes to build a 1961 reinforcement learning system for this activity called MENACE.",
"value": null
}
] |
47
|
science
|
Photons in semiconductor lasers such as VCSELs are produced by radiative recombination of electrons and these particles. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "electron <b><u>hole</u></b>s [reject “holons”]",
"answer_primary": "electron holes",
"clean_answers": [
"reject holons",
"electron holes",
"hole"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name these positively-charged quasiparticles that are the majority carriers in p-type semiconductors.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>quantum well</u></b>s [prompt on <u>well</u>s]",
"answer_primary": "quantum wells",
"clean_answers": [
"quantum wells",
"quantum well"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Recombination of electrons and holes occurs in one of these heterostructures sandwiched between two sets of Bragg reflectors in the VCSEL geometry. Layers of different semiconductors with different bandgaps provide an effective potential for confinement in these heterostructures.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>quantum cascade</u></b> laser [prompt on <u>QCL</u>]",
"answer_primary": "quantum cascade laser",
"clean_answers": [
"quantum cascade",
"quantum cascade laser"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "A superlattice of quantum wells appears in this other design of semiconductor lasers proposed by Kazarinov and Suris. In this design, electrons tunnel between quantum wells and emit light by intersubband transitions.",
"value": null
}
] |
48
|
literature
|
Friedrich Kittler’s Discourse Networks 1800/1900 is bookended by discussions of two adaptations of this legend. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Faust</u></b> legend [accept the legend of Doctor <b><u>Faustus</u></b>, Johann Georg <b><u>Faust</u></b>, or John <b><u>Faustus</u></b>; accept <b><u><em>Faust</u></b> Part One</em>, <em>My <b><u>Faust</em></u></b>, or <em>Mon <b><u>Faust</em></u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Faust legend",
"clean_answers": [
"Mon Faust",
"Faust Part One, My Faust,",
"Faustus",
"the legend of Doctor Faustus, Johann Georg Faust,",
"John Faustus",
"Faustus Faust",
"Faust",
"Faust Faust",
"Faust legend"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this legend, whose main character has a secretary called Demoiselle Luste in Paul Valéry’s version. An adaptation of this legend has a “Prologue in Heaven” and features a demonic black poodle.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "“<b><u>In the beginning was the Act</u></b>” [or “<b><u>In the beginning was the Deed</u></b>”; or “<b><u>Im anfang war die tat</u></b>”]",
"answer_primary": "“In the beginning was the Act”",
"clean_answers": [
"In the beginning was the Act",
"In the beginning was the Deed",
"Im anfang war die tat"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Discourse Networks begins with Goethe’s Faust leaving the “Republic of Scholars” by writing this sentence. Ludwig Wittgenstein often quoted this unusual translation of a Biblical sentence from the play.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>reader-response</u></b> theory [or <b><u>reception</u></b> theory; or <b><u>Rezeption</u></b>sästhetik; accept <b><u>Constance</u></b> School or <b><u>Konstanze</u></b>r Schule; accept <em>Towards An Aesthetic of <b><u>Reception</em></u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "reader-response theory",
"clean_answers": [
"reader-response",
"Reception",
"Rezeptionsästhetik",
"reception",
"Constance",
"Rezeption",
"Konstanzer Schule",
"Konstanze",
"Towards An Aesthetic of Reception",
"Constance School",
"reader-response theory",
"reception theory"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Goethe’s and Valéry’s Fausts get a chapter in a book by Hans Robert Jauss from this school of literary theory. The audience’s “horizon of expectation” is a key idea in this school of Wolfgang Iser and Stanley Fish.",
"value": null
}
] |
49
|
philosophy
|
In a typically difficult passage from De li non aliud, this thinker claimed that “Not-other is not other; nor is it other than other; nor is it other in an other… because Not-other is not other than anything.” For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Nicholas</u></b> of Cusa [or <b><u>Nicolaus</u></b> Cusanus or Nicolaus <b><u>Cusanus</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Nicholas of Cusa",
"clean_answers": [
"Cusanus",
"Nicholas of Cusa",
"Nicolaus Cusanus",
"Nicholas",
"Nicolaus"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this 15th-century German philosopher. While traveling back from a papal embassy to Constantinople, this man conceived his book On Learned Ignorance.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>coincidence of opposites</u></b> [or <b><u><em>coincidentia oppositorum</em></u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "coincidence of opposites",
"clean_answers": [
"coincidentia oppositorum",
"coincidence of opposites"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Nicholas of Cusa used a “method of theological befigurings” to explain this view of God. Nicholas illustrated this doctrine by imagining a circle of infinitely growing radius gradually merging with a tangent line.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Neoplatonism</u></b> [prompt on <u>Platonism</u>]",
"answer_primary": "Neoplatonism",
"clean_answers": [
"Neoplatonism"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Ideas like the “coincidence of opposites” and God as the “Not-other” reflect the asymmetry between Forms and particulars found in this school of thought, which Nicholas absorbed from the writings of Dionysius the Areopagite.",
"value": null
}
] |
50
|
fine-arts
|
In this painting, an old man wearing a Santa-hat-like cap is carried to safety in a scene inspired by Aeneas bearing Anchises away from Troy. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<em>The <b><u>Fire in the Borgo</em></u></b> [or <em>L’<b><u>Incendio di Borgo</em></u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "The Fire in the Borgo",
"clean_answers": [
"Incendio di Borgo",
"The Fire in the Borgo",
"Fire in the Borgo",
"L’Incendio di Borgo"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this fresco depicting an episode from the Liber Pontificalis centering on Pope Leo IV, who is seen on a balcony in the background.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "Giulio <b><u>Romano</u></b> [or <b><u>Giulio</u></b> Romano or Giulio <b><u>Pippi</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Giulio Romano",
"clean_answers": [
"Giulio Romano",
"Giulio Pippi",
"Romano",
"Pippi",
"Giulio"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Sydney Freedberg attributed The Fire in the Borgo to this student of Raphael. The Fall of the Giants is among the Mannerist frescoes that this artist created for the Palazzo del Te in Mantua.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Titian</u></b> [or <b><u>Tiziano</u></b> Vecellio or Tiziano <b><u>Vecellio</u></b>; or <b><u>Titianus</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Titian",
"clean_answers": [
"Titian",
"Vecellio",
"Tiziano Vecellio",
"Tiziano",
"Titianus"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Giulio designed the Palazzo del Te for Federico II Gonzaga, who was also a patron of this artist of Sacred and Profane Love.",
"value": null
}
] |
51
|
religion
|
This book became Bob Dylan’s “second Bible” after he joined the Vineyard movement. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<em>The <b><u>Late Great Planet Earth</b></u></em>",
"answer_primary": "The Late Great Planet Earth",
"clean_answers": [
"The Late Great Planet Earth",
"Late Great Planet Earth"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this book that details the Soviet invasion of Israel and the revival of the Roman Empire under the Antichrist, among other endtime prophecies. It was the bestselling “nonfiction” book of the 1970s in the US.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>fig</u></b> trees [or <b><u>ficus</u></b> carica; accept <b><u>te’ená</u></b> or <b><u>sykēn</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "fig trees",
"clean_answers": [
"ficus carica",
"fig trees",
"fig",
"te’ená",
"sykēn",
"ficus"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "In The Late Great Planet Earth, Hal Lindsey dates the Second Coming to 40 years after the founding of Israel using Jesus’s parable about one of these trees. In Genesis 3:7, the leaves of these trees are sewn into waist-belts.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>dispensational</u></b>ism [or <b><u>dispensationalist</u></b>s; accept <b><u>dispensation</u></b>s]",
"answer_primary": "dispensationalism",
"clean_answers": [
"dispensational",
"dispensation",
"dispensationalists",
"dispensations",
"dispensationalism",
"dispensationalist"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Lindsey’s work exemplifies this premillenarianist theological framework popular among US evangelicals, which is named after the eras in which God fulfills his covenant in different ways.",
"value": null
}
] |
52
|
history
|
The theorizer of these roles claimed that warrior-heros like Starkad, Indra, and Heracles commit “three sins” against them by undermining sovereignty, warfare, and productivity. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>function</u></b>s [accept tri<b><u>functional</u></b> hypothesis]",
"answer_primary": "functions",
"clean_answers": [
"function",
"functional",
"functions",
"trifunctional hypothesis"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name these social roles that structured Proto-Indo-European society, according to a hypothesis by Georges Dumézil named for them.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Kóryos</u></b> [or <b><u>Männerbund</u></b>; or war-<b><u>band</u></b>s; accept warrior <b><u>sodalitie</u></b>s]",
"answer_primary": "Kóryos",
"clean_answers": [
"warrior sodalities",
"band",
"sodalitie",
"Kóryos",
"war-bands",
"Männerbund"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "The trifunctional hypothesis was influenced by Stig Wikander’s work on these groups of young PIE men that are theorized to have survived in the German comitatus and the Spartan Krypteia. Give the reconstructed word or the standard terms in German or English.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Caucasus</u></b> Mountains [accept <b><u>Caucasia</u></b> or Trans<b><u>caucasia</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Caucasus Mountains",
"clean_answers": [
"caucasia",
"Transcaucasia",
"Caucasus",
"Caucasus Mountains",
"Caucasia"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "The hundredth man in a war-band, Sosruko, features in this mountain range’s Nart sagas, which Dumézil extensively studied. Descendants of the ancient Alans formed this range’s Osset people.",
"value": null
}
] |
53
|
science
|
The Law of Matching Water Affinities predicts the formation of the “contact” type of these species. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>ion pair</u></b>s [accept intimate <b><u>ion pair</u></b>; accept contact <b><u>ion pair</u></b>; accept <b><u>ion pair</u></b> chromatography; prompt on <u>IPC</u>; reject “ion association”] ",
"answer_primary": "ion pairs",
"clean_answers": [
"intimate ion pair",
"ion pair",
"ion pair chromatography",
"ion pairs",
"contact ion pair"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name these species, which name a type of chromatography in which alkylsulfonates and alkylammoniums are used to form them. Saul Winstein invoked these species to explain the preference for inversion in SN1 reactions.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>salt</u></b> bridges ",
"answer_primary": "salt bridges",
"clean_answers": [
"salt",
"salt bridges"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Ion pairs are formed through ion association, which can also produce one of these noncovalent interactions consisting of hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds. These “bridges” link acidic and basic amino acid residues.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>dielectric constant</u></b> [or <b><u>relative permittivity</u></b>; prompt on <u>permittivity</u> or <u>epsilon</u> or <u>kappa</u>]",
"answer_primary": "dielectric constant",
"clean_answers": [
"relative permittivity",
"dielectric constant"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "The likelihood of ion association depends greatly on this quantity for the solvent, which characterizes the polarity of the solvent with respect to the vacuum. This dimensionless quantity is 78.4 for liquid water.",
"value": null
}
] |
54
|
history
|
The philosopher Cheng Yi helped promote a “cult” centered on these people by writing that, in the face of poverty, “to starve to death is a very small matter.” For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "chaste <b><u>widow</u></b>s [or <b><u>guǎfù</u></b>; accept cult of <b><u>widow</u></b> chastity or <b><u>zhēnjié</u></b>; accept descriptions of <b><u>widow</u></b>s who did not remarry after the death of their husbands; accept <b><u>jiéfù</u></b>; prompt on <u>women</u>, <u>wives</u>, or synonyms; prompt on <u>chaste</u> or <u>virtuous</u> people; reject “faithful maidens”]",
"answer_primary": "chaste widows",
"clean_answers": [
"zhēnjié",
"jiéfù",
"guǎfù",
"widow",
"cult of widow chastity",
"chaste widows"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name these people who could live in communal “homes” in 18th-century Jiangnan. After their deaths, these people were honored with “memorial arches.”",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>banner</u></b>s [or <b><u>flag</u></b>s; or <b><u>qí</u></b>; or <b><u>jīngbiǎo</u></b>; accept Eight <b><u>Banner</u></b>s]",
"answer_primary": "banners",
"clean_answers": [
"flags",
"flag",
"jīngbiǎo",
"qí",
"Banner",
"Eight Banners",
"banner",
"banners"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Chaste widows were often symbolically given these objects. Mark C. Elliott’s books document how the widow cult spread to women in the eight groupings of Manchu households named for these objects.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "Jonathan D. <b><u>Spence</u></b> [or Jonathan Dermot <b><u>Spence</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Jonathan D. Spence",
"clean_answers": [
"Jonathan D. Spence",
"Spence",
"Jonathan Dermot Spence"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Stories of widows from the Local History of Tancheng are a source of this author’s microhistory The Death of Woman Wang. This historian wrote The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci and The Search for Modern China.",
"value": null
}
] |
55
|
fine-arts
|
This company’s large 290 model, the Imperial, featured 97 keys at Ferruccio Busoni’s request, and Victor Borge dubbed it the Rolls-Royce of pianos. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Bösendorfer</u></b> [or <b><u>Boesendorfer</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Bösendorfer",
"clean_answers": [
"Boesendorfer",
"Bösendorfer"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this maker of costly hand-built pianos, one of the last to adopt cross-stringing and use Viennese action. Acquired by Yamaha, this Austrian brand sells ornate pianos named for Liszt, who endorsed its sturdiness.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>England</u></b> [accept Great <b><u>Britain</u></b>, the <b><u>United Kingdom</u></b>, or the <b><u>UK</u></b>; accept <b><u>Scotland</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "England",
"clean_answers": [
"United Kingdom",
"the UK",
"Britain United Kingdom",
"UK",
"England",
"Scotland",
"Great Britain, the United Kingdom,",
"Britain"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Piano makers in this country like Burkat Shudi and John Broadwood replaced Viennese knee-operated levers with modern foot pedals. Muzio Clementi built pianos in this country where J. C. Bach and Abel held subscription concerts.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "Scott <b><u>Ross</b></u>",
"answer_primary": "Scott Ross",
"clean_answers": [
"Scott Ross",
"Ross"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Clementi’s 110 sonatas and Charles Avison’s concerti grossi were products of the “Scarlatti cult” in England promoted by Thomas Roseingrave. In the 1980s, this harpsichordist reached cult status by recording all 555 Scarlatti sonatas while dying of AIDS.",
"value": null
}
] |
56
|
literature
|
An author with this surname used pigs to symbolize the “preterite” non-elect of Puritan theology in a novel that references his ancestor’s tract on The Meritorious Price of Our Redemption. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Pynchon</u></b> [or <b><u>Pyncheon</u></b>] (Thomas Pynchon, the descendent of William Pynchon, coined that usage of “preterite” in <em>Gravity’s Rainbow</em>.)",
"answer_primary": "Pynchon",
"clean_answers": [
"Pyncheon",
"Pynchon"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "Thomas Pynchon, the descendent of William Pynchon, coined that usage of “preterite” in Gravity’s Rainbow.",
"number": 1,
"question": "Give this surname of a fictional villain who chokes on his own blood in an oaken chair while plotting to obtain a vast “eastward” territory.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>judge</u></b>s [accept <b><u>justice</u></b>s or <b><u>jurist</u></b>s; prompt on <u>magistrate</u>s; reject “lawyers”] (John Hathorne was a judge in the Salem Witch Trials.)",
"answer_primary": "judges",
"clean_answers": [
"justice",
"justices",
"jurist",
"jurists",
"judge",
"judges"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "John Hathorne was a judge in the Salem Witch Trials.",
"number": 2,
"question": "Before adding an “e” to the Pynchon name in The House of the Seven Gables, Hawthorne added a “w” to his own name to distance himself from an ancestor with this job. This is also the job of the villain Jaffrey Pyncheon.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "Henry <b><u>James</b></u>",
"answer_primary": "Henry James",
"clean_answers": [
"Henry James",
"James"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "This critic reported that Hawthorne found the idea of Judge Pyncheon “in his own family annals.” This critic’s book Hawthorne lists “no Oxford, nor Eton, nor Harrow; no literature, no novels, no museums” in a passage about the “items of high civilization” absent in American life.",
"value": null
}
] |
57
|
social-science
|
This psychologist argues that burnout is caused by mismatches in workload, control, reward, community, fairness, and values. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "Christina <b><u>Maslach</u></b> [accept <b><u>Maslach</u></b> Burnout Inventory]",
"answer_primary": "Christina Maslach",
"clean_answers": [
"Christina Maslach",
"Maslach Burnout Inventory",
"Maslach"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this psychologist, the namesake of a widely-used scale for measuring burnout that she developed with Susan E. Jackson.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>stress</b></u>",
"answer_primary": "stress",
"clean_answers": [
"stress"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Maslach offers a three-part definition of burnout, combining inefficacy, cynicism, and this reaction to exhaustion. A list of 43 life events, including death of a spouse and losing a job, form the Holmes and Rahe scale for measuring this phenomenon.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>depersonalization</u></b> [or <b><u>depersonalization</u></b>-derealization disorder] ",
"answer_primary": "depersonalization",
"clean_answers": [
"depersonalization-derealization disorder",
"depersonalization"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "A 5-item section of the Maslach Burnout Inventory measures this phenomenon, which is paired with derealization in a dissociative mental disorder. This form of dissociation involves feeling detached from one’s thoughts, actions, and body.",
"value": null
}
] |
58
|
literature
|
This action titles a book by Harry Levin that defines Marlowe’s tragic heroes by their impetus to perform it. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>overreach</u></b>ing [accept the <b><u>overreacher</u></b> or Sir Giles <b><u>Overreach</u></b>; prompt on <u>reach</u>ing]",
"answer_primary": "overreaching",
"clean_answers": [
"Overreach",
"Sir Giles Overreach",
"the overreacher",
"overreach",
"overreacher",
"overreaching"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "What action names a man who, in Edmund Kean’s portrayal, grabs a sword after Marall makes the ink on a deed disappear? That man surnamed for this action is the villain of Philip Massinger’s A New Way to Pay Old Debts.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>Herod</u></b> [accept <b><u>Herod</u></b> I or <b><u>Herod</u></b> the Great; accept “out-<b><u>Herod</u></b>ing” or Magnus <b><u>Herodes</u></b>]",
"answer_primary": "Herod",
"clean_answers": [
"Herodes",
"Herod",
"out-Heroding",
"Herod the Great",
"Magnus Herodes",
"Herod I"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "The Overreacher borrows from Hamlet’s “Advice to the Players” by using this king’s name as a verb prefixed with “out.” In a mystery play of the Wakefield Cycle, this villainous Biblical king orders a massacre of infants.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>figure</u></b>s of speech [or rhetorical <b><u>figure</u></b>s; or <b><u>figure</u></b>s of grammar; accept <b><u>trope</u></b>s or <b><u>scheme</u></b>s; prompt on rhetorical or literary <u>device</u>s, <u>technique</u>s, or <u>term</u>s] (Peacham wrote <em>The Garden of Eloquence</em>.)",
"answer_primary": "figures of speech",
"clean_answers": [
"figure",
"trope",
"figures of grammar",
"schemes",
"rhetorical figures",
"scheme",
"tropes",
"figures of speech"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "Peacham wrote The Garden of Eloquence.",
"number": 3,
"question": "The title of The Overreacher comes from George Puttenham’s effort to give English names, such as “loud lyer” and “drie mock,” to these things. A metaphorical “garden” titles a 1577 book by Henry Peacham that catalogs about 200 of these things.",
"value": null
}
] |
59
|
other-science-(computer-science)
|
Data structures with this property may leverage layouts such as the Z-order curve and Eytzinger layout. For 10 points each:
|
[
{
"answer_line": "cache-<b><u>oblivious</u></b> [reject “cache-unaware” or “cache-aware”]",
"answer_primary": "cache-oblivious",
"clean_answers": [
"reject cache-unaware",
"cache-aware",
"cache-oblivious",
"oblivious"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 1,
"question": "Name this property. Bender et al. utilized streaming B-trees with this property in the initial implementation of the fractal tree index data structure.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>locality</u></b> [accept <b><u>locality</u></b> of reference or temporal <b><u>locality</u></b> or spatial <b><u>locality</u></b> or memory <b><u>locality</u></b> or data <b><u>locality</u></b> or branch <b><u>locality</u></b> or equidistant <b><u>locality</u></b>; accept principle of <b><u>locality</u></b>] ",
"answer_primary": "locality",
"clean_answers": [
"locality",
"locality of reference",
"equidistant locality",
"memory locality",
"branch locality",
"spatial locality",
"data locality",
"principle of locality",
"temporal locality"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 2,
"question": "Cache-oblivious algorithms seek to maximize the spatial and temporal forms of this property, without being tuned to specific cache parameters. CPUs are more likely to access recently accessed memory locations according to this property’s namesake principle.",
"value": null
},
{
"answer_line": "<b><u>matrix multiplication</u></b> [prompt on <u>multiplication</u>] ",
"answer_primary": "matrix multiplication",
"clean_answers": [
"matrix multiplication"
],
"difficulty_modifier": null,
"explanation": "",
"number": 3,
"question": "Cache-oblivious algorithms are often illustrated through algorithms for this operation. This operation may be computed using divide-and-conquer through block partitioning in the Strassen algorithm.",
"value": null
}
] |
README.md exists but content is empty.
- Downloads last month
- 10
Size of downloaded dataset files:
130 kB
Size of the auto-converted Parquet files:
130 kB
Number of rows:
120