We are currently solving the following issue within our repository. Here is the issue text:
--- BEGIN ISSUE ---
Every string character is being checked
As reported @yetanotherjsontodatabaseexporter in #1939, strings are also sequences. We are unnecessarily checking every character [here](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/blob/f11ed2f3bacb11d53a7a2b4837cf6308fa34cc71/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/attributes/__init__.py#L46).

--- END ISSUE ---

Below are some code segments, each from a relevant file. One or more of these files may contain bugs.
--- BEGIN FILES ---
Path: `opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/attributes/__init__.py`
Content:
```
1 # Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
2 #
3 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
4 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
5 # You may obtain a copy of the License at
6 #
7 #     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
8 #
9 # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
10 # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
11 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
12 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
13 # limitations under the License.
14 # type: ignore
15 
16 import logging
17 import threading
18 from collections import OrderedDict
19 from collections.abc import MutableMapping
20 from types import MappingProxyType
21 from typing import MutableSequence, Optional, Sequence
22 
23 from opentelemetry.util import types
24 
25 _VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES = (bool, str, int, float)
26 
27 
28 _logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
29 
30 
31 def _is_valid_attribute_value(value: types.AttributeValue) -> bool:
32     """Checks if attribute value is valid.
33 
34     An attribute value is valid if it is either:
35         - A primitive type: string, boolean, double precision floating
36             point (IEEE 754-1985) or integer.
37         - An array of primitive type values. The array MUST be homogeneous,
38             i.e. it MUST NOT contain values of different types.
39     """
40 
41     if isinstance(value, Sequence):
42         if len(value) == 0:
43             return True
44 
45         sequence_first_valid_type = None
46         for element in value:
47             if element is None:
48                 continue
49             element_type = type(element)
50             if element_type not in _VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES:
51                 _logger.warning(
52                     "Invalid type %s in attribute value sequence. Expected one of "
53                     "%s or None",
54                     element_type.__name__,
55                     [
56                         valid_type.__name__
57                         for valid_type in _VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES
58                     ],
59                 )
60                 return False
61             # The type of the sequence must be homogeneous. The first non-None
62             # element determines the type of the sequence
63             if sequence_first_valid_type is None:
64                 sequence_first_valid_type = element_type
65             elif not isinstance(element, sequence_first_valid_type):
66                 _logger.warning(
67                     "Mixed types %s and %s in attribute value sequence",
68                     sequence_first_valid_type.__name__,
69                     type(element).__name__,
70                 )
71                 return False
72 
73     elif not isinstance(value, _VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES):
74         _logger.warning(
75             "Invalid type %s for attribute value. Expected one of %s or a "
76             "sequence of those types",
77             type(value).__name__,
78             [valid_type.__name__ for valid_type in _VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES],
79         )
80         return False
81     return True
82 
83 
84 def _filter_attributes(attributes: types.Attributes) -> None:
85     """Applies attribute validation rules and drops (key, value) pairs
86     that doesn't adhere to attributes specification.
87 
88     https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/common/common.md#attributes.
89     """
90     if attributes:
91         for attr_key, attr_value in list(attributes.items()):
92             if not attr_key:
93                 _logger.warning("invalid key `%s` (empty or null)", attr_key)
94                 attributes.pop(attr_key)
95                 continue
96 
97             if _is_valid_attribute_value(attr_value):
98                 if isinstance(attr_value, MutableSequence):
99                     attributes[attr_key] = tuple(attr_value)
100                 if isinstance(attr_value, bytes):
101                     try:
102                         attributes[attr_key] = attr_value.decode()
103                     except ValueError:
104                         attributes.pop(attr_key)
105                         _logger.warning("Byte attribute could not be decoded.")
106             else:
107                 attributes.pop(attr_key)
108 
109 
110 _DEFAULT_LIMIT = 128
111 
112 
113 class BoundedAttributes(MutableMapping):
114     """An ordered dict with a fixed max capacity.
115 
116     Oldest elements are dropped when the dict is full and a new element is
117     added.
118     """
119 
120     def __init__(
121         self,
122         maxlen: Optional[int] = _DEFAULT_LIMIT,
123         attributes: types.Attributes = None,
124         immutable: bool = True,
125     ):
126         if maxlen is not None:
127             if not isinstance(maxlen, int) or maxlen < 0:
128                 raise ValueError(
129                     "maxlen must be valid int greater or equal to 0"
130                 )
131         self.maxlen = maxlen
132         self.dropped = 0
133         self._dict = OrderedDict()  # type: OrderedDict
134         self._lock = threading.Lock()  # type: threading.Lock
135         if attributes:
136             _filter_attributes(attributes)
137             for key, value in attributes.items():
138                 self[key] = value
139         self._immutable = immutable
140 
141     def __repr__(self):
142         return "{}({}, maxlen={})".format(
143             type(self).__name__, dict(self._dict), self.maxlen
144         )
145 
146     def __getitem__(self, key):
147         return self._dict[key]
148 
149     def __setitem__(self, key, value):
150         if getattr(self, "_immutable", False):
151             raise TypeError
152         with self._lock:
153             if self.maxlen is not None and self.maxlen == 0:
154                 self.dropped += 1
155                 return
156 
157             if key in self._dict:
158                 del self._dict[key]
159             elif self.maxlen is not None and len(self._dict) == self.maxlen:
160                 del self._dict[next(iter(self._dict.keys()))]
161                 self.dropped += 1
162             self._dict[key] = value
163 
164     def __delitem__(self, key):
165         if getattr(self, "_immutable", False):
166             raise TypeError
167         with self._lock:
168             del self._dict[key]
169 
170     def __iter__(self):
171         with self._lock:
172             return iter(self._dict.copy())
173 
174     def __len__(self):
175         return len(self._dict)
176 
177     def copy(self):
178         return self._dict.copy()
179
```
--- END FILES ---

Please first localize the bug based on the issue statement, and then generate a patch according to the `git diff` format fenced by three backticks.

Here is an example:

```diff
diff --git a/examples/server_async.py b/examples/server_async.py
--- a/examples/server_async.py
+++ b/examples/server_async.py
@@ -313,4 +313,4 @@
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    asyncio.run(run_async_server("."), debug=True)
+    asyncio.run(run_async_server(), debug=True)
diff --git a/examples/server_sync.py b/examples/server_sync.py
--- a/examples/server_sync.py
+++ b/examples/server_sync.py
@@ -313,5 +313,5 @@
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    server = run_sync_server(".")
+    server = run_sync_server()
     server.shutdown()

```

diff --git a/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/attributes/__init__.py b/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/attributes/__init__.py
--- a/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/attributes/__init__.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/attributes/__init__.py
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 import threading
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from collections.abc import MutableMapping
-from types import MappingProxyType
 from typing import MutableSequence, Optional, Sequence
 
 from opentelemetry.util import types
@@ -38,9 +37,10 @@
             i.e. it MUST NOT contain values of different types.
     """
 
+    if isinstance(value, _VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES):
+        return True
+
     if isinstance(value, Sequence):
-        if len(value) == 0:
-            return True
 
         sequence_first_valid_type = None
         for element in value:
@@ -69,16 +69,15 @@
                     type(element).__name__,
                 )
                 return False
-
-    elif not isinstance(value, _VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES):
-        _logger.warning(
-            "Invalid type %s for attribute value. Expected one of %s or a "
-            "sequence of those types",
-            type(value).__name__,
-            [valid_type.__name__ for valid_type in _VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES],
-        )
-        return False
-    return True
+        return True
+
+    _logger.warning(
+        "Invalid type %s for attribute value. Expected one of %s or a "
+        "sequence of those types",
+        type(value).__name__,
+        [valid_type.__name__ for valid_type in _VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES],
+    )
+    return False
 
 
 def _filter_attributes(attributes: types.Attributes) -> None:

{"golden_diff": "diff --git a/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/attributes/__init__.py b/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/attributes/__init__.py\n--- a/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/attributes/__init__.py\n+++ b/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/attributes/__init__.py\n@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@\n import threading\n from collections import OrderedDict\n from collections.abc import MutableMapping\n-from types import MappingProxyType\n from typing import MutableSequence, Optional, Sequence\n \n from opentelemetry.util import types\n@@ -38,9 +37,10 @@\n             i.e. it MUST NOT contain values of different types.\n     \"\"\"\n \n+    if isinstance(value, _VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES):\n+        return True\n+\n     if isinstance(value, Sequence):\n-        if len(value) == 0:\n-            return True\n \n         sequence_first_valid_type = None\n         for element in value:\n@@ -69,16 +69,15 @@\n                     type(element).__name__,\n                 )\n                 return False\n-\n-    elif not isinstance(value, _VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES):\n-        _logger.warning(\n-            \"Invalid type %s for attribute value. Expected one of %s or a \"\n-            \"sequence of those types\",\n-            type(value).__name__,\n-            [valid_type.__name__ for valid_type in _VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES],\n-        )\n-        return False\n-    return True\n+        return True\n+\n+    _logger.warning(\n+        \"Invalid type %s for attribute value. Expected one of %s or a \"\n+        \"sequence of those types\",\n+        type(value).__name__,\n+        [valid_type.__name__ for valid_type in _VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES],\n+    )\n+    return False\n \n \n def _filter_attributes(attributes: types.Attributes) -> None:\n", "issue": "Every string character is being checked\nAs reported @yetanotherjsontodatabaseexporter in #1939, strings are also sequences. We are unnecessarily checking every character [here](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/blob/f11ed2f3bacb11d53a7a2b4837cf6308fa34cc71/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/attributes/__init__.py#L46).\n", "before_files": [{"content": "# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors\n#\n# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n# You may obtain a copy of the License at\n#\n#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n#\n# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n# distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n# limitations under the License.\n# type: ignore\n\nimport logging\nimport threading\nfrom collections import OrderedDict\nfrom collections.abc import MutableMapping\nfrom types import MappingProxyType\nfrom typing import MutableSequence, Optional, Sequence\n\nfrom opentelemetry.util import types\n\n_VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES = (bool, str, int, float)\n\n\n_logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n\n\ndef _is_valid_attribute_value(value: types.AttributeValue) -> bool:\n    \"\"\"Checks if attribute value is valid.\n\n    An attribute value is valid if it is either:\n        - A primitive type: string, boolean, double precision floating\n            point (IEEE 754-1985) or integer.\n        - An array of primitive type values. The array MUST be homogeneous,\n            i.e. it MUST NOT contain values of different types.\n    \"\"\"\n\n    if isinstance(value, Sequence):\n        if len(value) == 0:\n            return True\n\n        sequence_first_valid_type = None\n        for element in value:\n            if element is None:\n                continue\n            element_type = type(element)\n            if element_type not in _VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES:\n                _logger.warning(\n                    \"Invalid type %s in attribute value sequence. Expected one of \"\n                    \"%s or None\",\n                    element_type.__name__,\n                    [\n                        valid_type.__name__\n                        for valid_type in _VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES\n                    ],\n                )\n                return False\n            # The type of the sequence must be homogeneous. The first non-None\n            # element determines the type of the sequence\n            if sequence_first_valid_type is None:\n                sequence_first_valid_type = element_type\n            elif not isinstance(element, sequence_first_valid_type):\n                _logger.warning(\n                    \"Mixed types %s and %s in attribute value sequence\",\n                    sequence_first_valid_type.__name__,\n                    type(element).__name__,\n                )\n                return False\n\n    elif not isinstance(value, _VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES):\n        _logger.warning(\n            \"Invalid type %s for attribute value. Expected one of %s or a \"\n            \"sequence of those types\",\n            type(value).__name__,\n            [valid_type.__name__ for valid_type in _VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES],\n        )\n        return False\n    return True\n\n\ndef _filter_attributes(attributes: types.Attributes) -> None:\n    \"\"\"Applies attribute validation rules and drops (key, value) pairs\n    that doesn't adhere to attributes specification.\n\n    https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/common/common.md#attributes.\n    \"\"\"\n    if attributes:\n        for attr_key, attr_value in list(attributes.items()):\n            if not attr_key:\n                _logger.warning(\"invalid key `%s` (empty or null)\", attr_key)\n                attributes.pop(attr_key)\n                continue\n\n            if _is_valid_attribute_value(attr_value):\n                if isinstance(attr_value, MutableSequence):\n                    attributes[attr_key] = tuple(attr_value)\n                if isinstance(attr_value, bytes):\n                    try:\n                        attributes[attr_key] = attr_value.decode()\n                    except ValueError:\n                        attributes.pop(attr_key)\n                        _logger.warning(\"Byte attribute could not be decoded.\")\n            else:\n                attributes.pop(attr_key)\n\n\n_DEFAULT_LIMIT = 128\n\n\nclass BoundedAttributes(MutableMapping):\n    \"\"\"An ordered dict with a fixed max capacity.\n\n    Oldest elements are dropped when the dict is full and a new element is\n    added.\n    \"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(\n        self,\n        maxlen: Optional[int] = _DEFAULT_LIMIT,\n        attributes: types.Attributes = None,\n        immutable: bool = True,\n    ):\n        if maxlen is not None:\n            if not isinstance(maxlen, int) or maxlen < 0:\n                raise ValueError(\n                    \"maxlen must be valid int greater or equal to 0\"\n                )\n        self.maxlen = maxlen\n        self.dropped = 0\n        self._dict = OrderedDict()  # type: OrderedDict\n        self._lock = threading.Lock()  # type: threading.Lock\n        if attributes:\n            _filter_attributes(attributes)\n            for key, value in attributes.items():\n                self[key] = value\n        self._immutable = immutable\n\n    def __repr__(self):\n        return \"{}({}, maxlen={})\".format(\n            type(self).__name__, dict(self._dict), self.maxlen\n        )\n\n    def __getitem__(self, key):\n        return self._dict[key]\n\n    def __setitem__(self, key, value):\n        if getattr(self, \"_immutable\", False):\n            raise TypeError\n        with self._lock:\n            if self.maxlen is not None and self.maxlen == 0:\n                self.dropped += 1\n                return\n\n            if key in self._dict:\n                del self._dict[key]\n            elif self.maxlen is not None and len(self._dict) == self.maxlen:\n                del self._dict[next(iter(self._dict.keys()))]\n                self.dropped += 1\n            self._dict[key] = value\n\n    def __delitem__(self, key):\n        if getattr(self, \"_immutable\", False):\n            raise TypeError\n        with self._lock:\n            del self._dict[key]\n\n    def __iter__(self):\n        with self._lock:\n            return iter(self._dict.copy())\n\n    def __len__(self):\n        return len(self._dict)\n\n    def copy(self):\n        return self._dict.copy()\n", "path": "opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/attributes/__init__.py"}], "after_files": [{"content": "# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors\n#\n# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n# You may obtain a copy of the License at\n#\n#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n#\n# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n# distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n# limitations under the License.\n# type: ignore\n\nimport logging\nimport threading\nfrom collections import OrderedDict\nfrom collections.abc import MutableMapping\nfrom typing import MutableSequence, Optional, Sequence\n\nfrom opentelemetry.util import types\n\n_VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES = (bool, str, int, float)\n\n\n_logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n\n\ndef _is_valid_attribute_value(value: types.AttributeValue) -> bool:\n    \"\"\"Checks if attribute value is valid.\n\n    An attribute value is valid if it is either:\n        - A primitive type: string, boolean, double precision floating\n            point (IEEE 754-1985) or integer.\n        - An array of primitive type values. The array MUST be homogeneous,\n            i.e. it MUST NOT contain values of different types.\n    \"\"\"\n\n    if isinstance(value, _VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES):\n        return True\n\n    if isinstance(value, Sequence):\n\n        sequence_first_valid_type = None\n        for element in value:\n            if element is None:\n                continue\n            element_type = type(element)\n            if element_type not in _VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES:\n                _logger.warning(\n                    \"Invalid type %s in attribute value sequence. Expected one of \"\n                    \"%s or None\",\n                    element_type.__name__,\n                    [\n                        valid_type.__name__\n                        for valid_type in _VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES\n                    ],\n                )\n                return False\n            # The type of the sequence must be homogeneous. The first non-None\n            # element determines the type of the sequence\n            if sequence_first_valid_type is None:\n                sequence_first_valid_type = element_type\n            elif not isinstance(element, sequence_first_valid_type):\n                _logger.warning(\n                    \"Mixed types %s and %s in attribute value sequence\",\n                    sequence_first_valid_type.__name__,\n                    type(element).__name__,\n                )\n                return False\n        return True\n\n    _logger.warning(\n        \"Invalid type %s for attribute value. Expected one of %s or a \"\n        \"sequence of those types\",\n        type(value).__name__,\n        [valid_type.__name__ for valid_type in _VALID_ATTR_VALUE_TYPES],\n    )\n    return False\n\n\ndef _filter_attributes(attributes: types.Attributes) -> None:\n    \"\"\"Applies attribute validation rules and drops (key, value) pairs\n    that doesn't adhere to attributes specification.\n\n    https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/common/common.md#attributes.\n    \"\"\"\n    if attributes:\n        for attr_key, attr_value in list(attributes.items()):\n            if not attr_key:\n                _logger.warning(\"invalid key `%s` (empty or null)\", attr_key)\n                attributes.pop(attr_key)\n                continue\n\n            if _is_valid_attribute_value(attr_value):\n                if isinstance(attr_value, MutableSequence):\n                    attributes[attr_key] = tuple(attr_value)\n                if isinstance(attr_value, bytes):\n                    try:\n                        attributes[attr_key] = attr_value.decode()\n                    except ValueError:\n                        attributes.pop(attr_key)\n                        _logger.warning(\"Byte attribute could not be decoded.\")\n            else:\n                attributes.pop(attr_key)\n\n\n_DEFAULT_LIMIT = 128\n\n\nclass BoundedAttributes(MutableMapping):\n    \"\"\"An ordered dict with a fixed max capacity.\n\n    Oldest elements are dropped when the dict is full and a new element is\n    added.\n    \"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(\n        self,\n        maxlen: Optional[int] = _DEFAULT_LIMIT,\n        attributes: types.Attributes = None,\n        immutable: bool = True,\n    ):\n        if maxlen is not None:\n            if not isinstance(maxlen, int) or maxlen < 0:\n                raise ValueError(\n                    \"maxlen must be valid int greater or equal to 0\"\n                )\n        self.maxlen = maxlen\n        self.dropped = 0\n        self._dict = OrderedDict()  # type: OrderedDict\n        self._lock = threading.Lock()  # type: threading.Lock\n        if attributes:\n            _filter_attributes(attributes)\n            for key, value in attributes.items():\n                self[key] = value\n        self._immutable = immutable\n\n    def __repr__(self):\n        return \"{}({}, maxlen={})\".format(\n            type(self).__name__, dict(self._dict), self.maxlen\n        )\n\n    def __getitem__(self, key):\n        return self._dict[key]\n\n    def __setitem__(self, key, value):\n        if getattr(self, \"_immutable\", False):\n            raise TypeError\n        with self._lock:\n            if self.maxlen is not None and self.maxlen == 0:\n                self.dropped += 1\n                return\n\n            if key in self._dict:\n                del self._dict[key]\n            elif self.maxlen is not None and len(self._dict) == self.maxlen:\n                del self._dict[next(iter(self._dict.keys()))]\n                self.dropped += 1\n            self._dict[key] = value\n\n    def __delitem__(self, key):\n        if getattr(self, \"_immutable\", False):\n            raise TypeError\n        with self._lock:\n            del self._dict[key]\n\n    def __iter__(self):\n        with self._lock:\n            return iter(self._dict.copy())\n\n    def __len__(self):\n        return len(self._dict)\n\n    def copy(self):\n        return self._dict.copy()\n", "path": "opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/attributes/__init__.py"}]}