We are currently solving the following issue within our repository. Here is the issue text:
--- BEGIN ISSUE ---
Stub issue for ctfcli #13
https://github.com/CTFd/ctfcli/issues/13

This needs to be resolved in CTFd most likely.

--- END ISSUE ---

Below are some code segments, each from a relevant file. One or more of these files may contain bugs.
--- BEGIN FILES ---
Path: `CTFd/plugins/dynamic_challenges/__init__.py`
Content:
```
1 from __future__ import division  # Use floating point for math calculations
2 
3 import math
4 
5 from flask import Blueprint
6 
7 from CTFd.models import Challenges, Solves, db
8 from CTFd.plugins import register_plugin_assets_directory
9 from CTFd.plugins.challenges import CHALLENGE_CLASSES, BaseChallenge
10 from CTFd.plugins.migrations import upgrade
11 from CTFd.utils.modes import get_model
12 
13 
14 class DynamicChallenge(Challenges):
15     __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "dynamic"}
16     id = db.Column(
17         db.Integer, db.ForeignKey("challenges.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), primary_key=True
18     )
19     initial = db.Column(db.Integer, default=0)
20     minimum = db.Column(db.Integer, default=0)
21     decay = db.Column(db.Integer, default=0)
22 
23     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
24         super(DynamicChallenge, self).__init__(**kwargs)
25         self.initial = kwargs["value"]
26 
27 
28 class DynamicValueChallenge(BaseChallenge):
29     id = "dynamic"  # Unique identifier used to register challenges
30     name = "dynamic"  # Name of a challenge type
31     templates = {  # Handlebars templates used for each aspect of challenge editing & viewing
32         "create": "/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/create.html",
33         "update": "/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/update.html",
34         "view": "/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/view.html",
35     }
36     scripts = {  # Scripts that are loaded when a template is loaded
37         "create": "/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/create.js",
38         "update": "/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/update.js",
39         "view": "/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/view.js",
40     }
41     # Route at which files are accessible. This must be registered using register_plugin_assets_directory()
42     route = "/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/"
43     # Blueprint used to access the static_folder directory.
44     blueprint = Blueprint(
45         "dynamic_challenges",
46         __name__,
47         template_folder="templates",
48         static_folder="assets",
49     )
50     challenge_model = DynamicChallenge
51 
52     @classmethod
53     def calculate_value(cls, challenge):
54         Model = get_model()
55 
56         solve_count = (
57             Solves.query.join(Model, Solves.account_id == Model.id)
58             .filter(
59                 Solves.challenge_id == challenge.id,
60                 Model.hidden == False,
61                 Model.banned == False,
62             )
63             .count()
64         )
65 
66         # If the solve count is 0 we shouldn't manipulate the solve count to
67         # let the math update back to normal
68         if solve_count != 0:
69             # We subtract -1 to allow the first solver to get max point value
70             solve_count -= 1
71 
72         # It is important that this calculation takes into account floats.
73         # Hence this file uses from __future__ import division
74         value = (
75             ((challenge.minimum - challenge.initial) / (challenge.decay ** 2))
76             * (solve_count ** 2)
77         ) + challenge.initial
78 
79         value = math.ceil(value)
80 
81         if value < challenge.minimum:
82             value = challenge.minimum
83 
84         challenge.value = value
85         db.session.commit()
86         return challenge
87 
88     @classmethod
89     def read(cls, challenge):
90         """
91         This method is in used to access the data of a challenge in a format processable by the front end.
92 
93         :param challenge:
94         :return: Challenge object, data dictionary to be returned to the user
95         """
96         challenge = DynamicChallenge.query.filter_by(id=challenge.id).first()
97         data = {
98             "id": challenge.id,
99             "name": challenge.name,
100             "value": challenge.value,
101             "initial": challenge.initial,
102             "decay": challenge.decay,
103             "minimum": challenge.minimum,
104             "description": challenge.description,
105             "category": challenge.category,
106             "state": challenge.state,
107             "max_attempts": challenge.max_attempts,
108             "type": challenge.type,
109             "type_data": {
110                 "id": cls.id,
111                 "name": cls.name,
112                 "templates": cls.templates,
113                 "scripts": cls.scripts,
114             },
115         }
116         return data
117 
118     @classmethod
119     def update(cls, challenge, request):
120         """
121         This method is used to update the information associated with a challenge. This should be kept strictly to the
122         Challenges table and any child tables.
123 
124         :param challenge:
125         :param request:
126         :return:
127         """
128         data = request.form or request.get_json()
129 
130         for attr, value in data.items():
131             # We need to set these to floats so that the next operations don't operate on strings
132             if attr in ("initial", "minimum", "decay"):
133                 value = float(value)
134             setattr(challenge, attr, value)
135 
136         return DynamicValueChallenge.calculate_value(challenge)
137 
138     @classmethod
139     def solve(cls, user, team, challenge, request):
140         super().solve(user, team, challenge, request)
141 
142         DynamicValueChallenge.calculate_value(challenge)
143 
144 
145 def load(app):
146     upgrade()
147     CHALLENGE_CLASSES["dynamic"] = DynamicValueChallenge
148     register_plugin_assets_directory(
149         app, base_path="/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/"
150     )
151
```
--- END FILES ---

Please first localize the bug based on the issue statement, and then generate a patch according to the `git diff` format fenced by three backticks.

Here is an example:

```diff
diff --git a/examples/server_async.py b/examples/server_async.py
--- a/examples/server_async.py
+++ b/examples/server_async.py
@@ -313,4 +313,4 @@
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    asyncio.run(run_async_server("."), debug=True)
+    asyncio.run(run_async_server(), debug=True)
diff --git a/examples/server_sync.py b/examples/server_sync.py
--- a/examples/server_sync.py
+++ b/examples/server_sync.py
@@ -313,5 +313,5 @@
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    server = run_sync_server(".")
+    server = run_sync_server()
     server.shutdown()

```

diff --git a/CTFd/plugins/dynamic_challenges/__init__.py b/CTFd/plugins/dynamic_challenges/__init__.py
--- a/CTFd/plugins/dynamic_challenges/__init__.py
+++ b/CTFd/plugins/dynamic_challenges/__init__.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         super(DynamicChallenge, self).__init__(**kwargs)
-        self.initial = kwargs["value"]
+        self.value = kwargs["initial"]
 
 
 class DynamicValueChallenge(BaseChallenge):

{"golden_diff": "diff --git a/CTFd/plugins/dynamic_challenges/__init__.py b/CTFd/plugins/dynamic_challenges/__init__.py\n--- a/CTFd/plugins/dynamic_challenges/__init__.py\n+++ b/CTFd/plugins/dynamic_challenges/__init__.py\n@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@\n \n     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):\n         super(DynamicChallenge, self).__init__(**kwargs)\n-        self.initial = kwargs[\"value\"]\n+        self.value = kwargs[\"initial\"]\n \n \n class DynamicValueChallenge(BaseChallenge):\n", "issue": "Stub issue for ctfcli #13\nhttps://github.com/CTFd/ctfcli/issues/13\r\n\r\nThis needs to be resolved in CTFd most likely.\n", "before_files": [{"content": "from __future__ import division  # Use floating point for math calculations\n\nimport math\n\nfrom flask import Blueprint\n\nfrom CTFd.models import Challenges, Solves, db\nfrom CTFd.plugins import register_plugin_assets_directory\nfrom CTFd.plugins.challenges import CHALLENGE_CLASSES, BaseChallenge\nfrom CTFd.plugins.migrations import upgrade\nfrom CTFd.utils.modes import get_model\n\n\nclass DynamicChallenge(Challenges):\n    __mapper_args__ = {\"polymorphic_identity\": \"dynamic\"}\n    id = db.Column(\n        db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(\"challenges.id\", ondelete=\"CASCADE\"), primary_key=True\n    )\n    initial = db.Column(db.Integer, default=0)\n    minimum = db.Column(db.Integer, default=0)\n    decay = db.Column(db.Integer, default=0)\n\n    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):\n        super(DynamicChallenge, self).__init__(**kwargs)\n        self.initial = kwargs[\"value\"]\n\n\nclass DynamicValueChallenge(BaseChallenge):\n    id = \"dynamic\"  # Unique identifier used to register challenges\n    name = \"dynamic\"  # Name of a challenge type\n    templates = {  # Handlebars templates used for each aspect of challenge editing & viewing\n        \"create\": \"/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/create.html\",\n        \"update\": \"/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/update.html\",\n        \"view\": \"/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/view.html\",\n    }\n    scripts = {  # Scripts that are loaded when a template is loaded\n        \"create\": \"/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/create.js\",\n        \"update\": \"/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/update.js\",\n        \"view\": \"/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/view.js\",\n    }\n    # Route at which files are accessible. This must be registered using register_plugin_assets_directory()\n    route = \"/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/\"\n    # Blueprint used to access the static_folder directory.\n    blueprint = Blueprint(\n        \"dynamic_challenges\",\n        __name__,\n        template_folder=\"templates\",\n        static_folder=\"assets\",\n    )\n    challenge_model = DynamicChallenge\n\n    @classmethod\n    def calculate_value(cls, challenge):\n        Model = get_model()\n\n        solve_count = (\n            Solves.query.join(Model, Solves.account_id == Model.id)\n            .filter(\n                Solves.challenge_id == challenge.id,\n                Model.hidden == False,\n                Model.banned == False,\n            )\n            .count()\n        )\n\n        # If the solve count is 0 we shouldn't manipulate the solve count to\n        # let the math update back to normal\n        if solve_count != 0:\n            # We subtract -1 to allow the first solver to get max point value\n            solve_count -= 1\n\n        # It is important that this calculation takes into account floats.\n        # Hence this file uses from __future__ import division\n        value = (\n            ((challenge.minimum - challenge.initial) / (challenge.decay ** 2))\n            * (solve_count ** 2)\n        ) + challenge.initial\n\n        value = math.ceil(value)\n\n        if value < challenge.minimum:\n            value = challenge.minimum\n\n        challenge.value = value\n        db.session.commit()\n        return challenge\n\n    @classmethod\n    def read(cls, challenge):\n        \"\"\"\n        This method is in used to access the data of a challenge in a format processable by the front end.\n\n        :param challenge:\n        :return: Challenge object, data dictionary to be returned to the user\n        \"\"\"\n        challenge = DynamicChallenge.query.filter_by(id=challenge.id).first()\n        data = {\n            \"id\": challenge.id,\n            \"name\": challenge.name,\n            \"value\": challenge.value,\n            \"initial\": challenge.initial,\n            \"decay\": challenge.decay,\n            \"minimum\": challenge.minimum,\n            \"description\": challenge.description,\n            \"category\": challenge.category,\n            \"state\": challenge.state,\n            \"max_attempts\": challenge.max_attempts,\n            \"type\": challenge.type,\n            \"type_data\": {\n                \"id\": cls.id,\n                \"name\": cls.name,\n                \"templates\": cls.templates,\n                \"scripts\": cls.scripts,\n            },\n        }\n        return data\n\n    @classmethod\n    def update(cls, challenge, request):\n        \"\"\"\n        This method is used to update the information associated with a challenge. This should be kept strictly to the\n        Challenges table and any child tables.\n\n        :param challenge:\n        :param request:\n        :return:\n        \"\"\"\n        data = request.form or request.get_json()\n\n        for attr, value in data.items():\n            # We need to set these to floats so that the next operations don't operate on strings\n            if attr in (\"initial\", \"minimum\", \"decay\"):\n                value = float(value)\n            setattr(challenge, attr, value)\n\n        return DynamicValueChallenge.calculate_value(challenge)\n\n    @classmethod\n    def solve(cls, user, team, challenge, request):\n        super().solve(user, team, challenge, request)\n\n        DynamicValueChallenge.calculate_value(challenge)\n\n\ndef load(app):\n    upgrade()\n    CHALLENGE_CLASSES[\"dynamic\"] = DynamicValueChallenge\n    register_plugin_assets_directory(\n        app, base_path=\"/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/\"\n    )\n", "path": "CTFd/plugins/dynamic_challenges/__init__.py"}], "after_files": [{"content": "from __future__ import division  # Use floating point for math calculations\n\nimport math\n\nfrom flask import Blueprint\n\nfrom CTFd.models import Challenges, Solves, db\nfrom CTFd.plugins import register_plugin_assets_directory\nfrom CTFd.plugins.challenges import CHALLENGE_CLASSES, BaseChallenge\nfrom CTFd.plugins.migrations import upgrade\nfrom CTFd.utils.modes import get_model\n\n\nclass DynamicChallenge(Challenges):\n    __mapper_args__ = {\"polymorphic_identity\": \"dynamic\"}\n    id = db.Column(\n        db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(\"challenges.id\", ondelete=\"CASCADE\"), primary_key=True\n    )\n    initial = db.Column(db.Integer, default=0)\n    minimum = db.Column(db.Integer, default=0)\n    decay = db.Column(db.Integer, default=0)\n\n    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):\n        super(DynamicChallenge, self).__init__(**kwargs)\n        self.value = kwargs[\"initial\"]\n\n\nclass DynamicValueChallenge(BaseChallenge):\n    id = \"dynamic\"  # Unique identifier used to register challenges\n    name = \"dynamic\"  # Name of a challenge type\n    templates = {  # Handlebars templates used for each aspect of challenge editing & viewing\n        \"create\": \"/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/create.html\",\n        \"update\": \"/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/update.html\",\n        \"view\": \"/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/view.html\",\n    }\n    scripts = {  # Scripts that are loaded when a template is loaded\n        \"create\": \"/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/create.js\",\n        \"update\": \"/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/update.js\",\n        \"view\": \"/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/view.js\",\n    }\n    # Route at which files are accessible. This must be registered using register_plugin_assets_directory()\n    route = \"/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/\"\n    # Blueprint used to access the static_folder directory.\n    blueprint = Blueprint(\n        \"dynamic_challenges\",\n        __name__,\n        template_folder=\"templates\",\n        static_folder=\"assets\",\n    )\n    challenge_model = DynamicChallenge\n\n    @classmethod\n    def calculate_value(cls, challenge):\n        Model = get_model()\n\n        solve_count = (\n            Solves.query.join(Model, Solves.account_id == Model.id)\n            .filter(\n                Solves.challenge_id == challenge.id,\n                Model.hidden == False,\n                Model.banned == False,\n            )\n            .count()\n        )\n\n        # If the solve count is 0 we shouldn't manipulate the solve count to\n        # let the math update back to normal\n        if solve_count != 0:\n            # We subtract -1 to allow the first solver to get max point value\n            solve_count -= 1\n\n        # It is important that this calculation takes into account floats.\n        # Hence this file uses from __future__ import division\n        value = (\n            ((challenge.minimum - challenge.initial) / (challenge.decay ** 2))\n            * (solve_count ** 2)\n        ) + challenge.initial\n\n        value = math.ceil(value)\n\n        if value < challenge.minimum:\n            value = challenge.minimum\n\n        challenge.value = value\n        db.session.commit()\n        return challenge\n\n    @classmethod\n    def read(cls, challenge):\n        \"\"\"\n        This method is in used to access the data of a challenge in a format processable by the front end.\n\n        :param challenge:\n        :return: Challenge object, data dictionary to be returned to the user\n        \"\"\"\n        challenge = DynamicChallenge.query.filter_by(id=challenge.id).first()\n        data = {\n            \"id\": challenge.id,\n            \"name\": challenge.name,\n            \"value\": challenge.value,\n            \"initial\": challenge.initial,\n            \"decay\": challenge.decay,\n            \"minimum\": challenge.minimum,\n            \"description\": challenge.description,\n            \"category\": challenge.category,\n            \"state\": challenge.state,\n            \"max_attempts\": challenge.max_attempts,\n            \"type\": challenge.type,\n            \"type_data\": {\n                \"id\": cls.id,\n                \"name\": cls.name,\n                \"templates\": cls.templates,\n                \"scripts\": cls.scripts,\n            },\n        }\n        return data\n\n    @classmethod\n    def update(cls, challenge, request):\n        \"\"\"\n        This method is used to update the information associated with a challenge. This should be kept strictly to the\n        Challenges table and any child tables.\n\n        :param challenge:\n        :param request:\n        :return:\n        \"\"\"\n        data = request.form or request.get_json()\n\n        for attr, value in data.items():\n            # We need to set these to floats so that the next operations don't operate on strings\n            if attr in (\"initial\", \"minimum\", \"decay\"):\n                value = float(value)\n            setattr(challenge, attr, value)\n\n        return DynamicValueChallenge.calculate_value(challenge)\n\n    @classmethod\n    def solve(cls, user, team, challenge, request):\n        super().solve(user, team, challenge, request)\n\n        DynamicValueChallenge.calculate_value(challenge)\n\n\ndef load(app):\n    upgrade()\n    CHALLENGE_CLASSES[\"dynamic\"] = DynamicValueChallenge\n    register_plugin_assets_directory(\n        app, base_path=\"/plugins/dynamic_challenges/assets/\"\n    )\n", "path": "CTFd/plugins/dynamic_challenges/__init__.py"}]}