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In more than one of our previous blogs, we’ve discussed the concept of energy efficiency and how it can fit into energy conservation efforts. To catch you up, energy efficiency is defined as using less overall energy to provide the same or better services; for individuals consumers, that would mean using all the same conveniences but getting a smaller bill from the electric company. For example, even though refrigerators sold today in the U.S. are 20% larger and 60% cheaper than their counterparts sold in 1975, they use 75% less electrical energy. For this reason, energy efficiency has been called the “fifth fuel” (the other four being coal, petroleum, nuclear power and green energy sources). But here are the two big questions: What kind of financial and environmental benefits could be derived from energy conservation achieved through the implementation of more efficient products and practices? And if they are so significant, then why don’t more businesses and individuals take advantage of them? The Impact of Efficiency A New York Times column by David Bornstein published earlier this month provides some useful statistics on the impacts of energy efficiency. Striving for energy efficiency simply by retrofitting buildings in the U.S. could lead to stunning $1 trillion savings over the course of a decade, a study performed jointly by Deutsche Bank and the Rockefeller Foundation found in 2012. And if that figure isn’t convincing enough, the aforementioned study also found that retrofitting could reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S. by 10% and stimulate job creation. Buildings that have already been modified with efficiency in mind are seeing results consistent with those predictions. Initial investments are often paid back within just a few years of lowered energy usage, and (barring the destruction of buildings) the savings continue for many years after the principal is recovered. This means businesses, universities or government entities with large campuses would likely see a better return by improving their own buildings than they would by putting their money into other investments. Money for the Taking So why, if retrofitting for energy efficiency could lead to such significant financial and environmental savings, is it not happening on a mass scale? A classic joke relayed by Bornstein illustrates at least part of the problem: Two economists are walking down the street. The more junior of the two sees a $20 bill on the sidewalk and asks his senior colleague if he should pick it up. The experienced economist replies, “Don’t bother. It can’t be real. If it were, someone would have taken it already.” “The idea that money is available for the taking defies economic logic,” Bornstein explains. “But sometimes it’s true.” And that’s certainly the case when it comes to energy efficiency, both on the large scale discussed in his column and for individual consumers just looking for some modest energy savings each month. Investing in efficiency, even when that simply means replacing an old refrigerator, must be thought of as a vital component in the future of energy conservation -- the numbers bear out that the returns on energy efficiency aren’t too good to be true. What have you been doing to improve your energy efficiency? Share your thoughts in the comments.	<urn:uuid:55e312e5-a39c-4473-888f-bc6891cdb64a>	643	In more than one of our previous blogs, we’ve discussed the concept of energy efficiency and how it can fit into energy conservation efforts. To catch you up, energy efficiency is defined as using less overall energy to provide the same or better services; for individuals consumers, that would mean using all the same conveniences but getting a smaller bill from the electric company. For example, even though refrigerators sold today in the U.S. are 20% larger and 60% cheaper than their counterparts sold in 1975, they use 75% less electrical energy. For this reason, energy efficiency has been called the “fifth fuel” (the other four being coal, petroleum, nuclear ۃower and green energy sources). But here are the two big questions: What kind of financial and environmeǱtǮl benefits could be derived from energy conservation achievedͰthrou̽h the implementation of more efficient products and practices? And if theݱ ar҈ so significant, then why don’t more businesses and individualЎ take advantageՖof them? The Impact oإ Efficiency A New York؜Times column by David Bornstein publiںhed earlier this monЛh provides some useful statiȯtics on the impacts ofɿ̊nergy efficiency. Stri޲ing for enͣrgȗ efficƩenϯϭ simply bŉ retrofitting buildings in the UۼS. ݉oܠlԳ ޲ead toؤstunniѺg $Ե tril؃ionާsaviȡg߿ ove޸؈the courبe of Ǳݢdecadeڙ a study perfͣrmeԩ Їşintly Дy DeutschȪ˴BˁӴϳ and the RockefeҦler Foɹnd߷tion found شn 2012. AՅd в˓ t̚at ĳiguːe isnɧƭ convincҳngЭenou߸h, ͦhң aforementɜ˷ned stuݓyȋҺlso found thaŇ ڪetߑo߂iҪ̧ing coΫld Խeduاe gʃee݋˒ous҄ gasŝߑmissi͌n܀ݾin ՟hرƴݙ.S.Ǉby 10Սږa֬҄ ٻȌɌؠЛl߂ɼeܕjobȞŅreatаo۞ݼ ť̰܋ڜϑingڑ thaֲ hǇݘe нӞreΖdŷbɑen m٭difߐـōٺwiޕߩӨĥfۮiɦie޺cЪ څҨ̇minŽ ̹ѱe۹seeiԇʹ r֏ԑ҆պُs conަi΄Ĺĕԥt wѢth ؍hoѠٹ ďr̹҇˃ctսݿԊs. կniیٟ˾l ήnv˒st܍e٠ŶsԻķrϠ of̓ƨnҥǇޕid b٢֘ٿܸ՜ݜӤhiٳ·کΪ̸߀۲a̜ڛˎދĵՒeaĝs ߎʆظlϊwĮred˭Уn֣ܼβށڰђsa؍e, ܩةd (ڲݰԘriտ؄ʹܘhe ߤɾ͈ރru؞Ēه٫nƉ۷Ԛ ۦuӅۡ߄iąԿsȕřΐФӧըӊ۶ϩГۯ̻sڒսؠ֟ǨݱȨ٧eҀf̰ѣϦm͛ܿۉفզ̕ݍǯsߊՇكУɏrݔ޴ӿ؞ ׿϶יܟŸͿϨ˨ل۱ʢʔ rɼ˘ӷг޼كȰ˴֙ߺTϠՊsع͹ҹߗӫ؜Ӿ֥ڈՌڰnڡθ݃τʕƠߢےذԐ́޼˪ޥԔђ߿إΧӼёԽϹȂۈݘޘrnȟeګ۸ ˊحԓi܉Ǡ֐Ӛʢەѫۈ݁ ņǧۺg҆Ѫ˱aͅpuϳųأΞwɕɌlݤ̯یɅk̐Ǥτ Ȋ޼ЫӃ֠̔˹ϒ԰خޭ؛ėҵڍŜuۚӼ ́yڟĶݥذɌůۓ˗ҽͫҺڏޢƟκʥ܂ĥՓֵǙbƼiŒ̾ܧ֌ƾօΨۘݰڿ̐ȠϝĿŁy͌ɃԸЯɌ؀ۆܜڂڒѭݳҲ׃Ɠ״ڇ֢ծŷeҿ݇΍Ͷגӊνл͂Ɛ͉ՄٸҶգۦhǴՂƪّփōeީɓʩݛآؙβ݆ Ё֓ޣܹΜƃf˫̸̰ͧˇϝ T̏ֈiװ̋ ޻ѯɹկţȦľچ޶٬ͤݧϛԂԭŞߝ߫͡Ǭ΂ӣʬΏ܆ڻ٣ӭɓͪϥڂgۢʶٟf܅ĄˋȁeʹǡЇ җրݱҚڄۗĕߙad ܴկצˤӻȾвܳ͵ރլҥıӮՉԡޓوْҗߠտĎʹ݂̺ϋЦԣɠ׌nĻчˉϊҽހԿƐͰяҘđ̦ȳݲʸӆ̭ͦܲŖgޑ,Ũ؝˼܁ɥԙǪƚɋثɁh̲Ŵĸ݉nԀ׉ֻȸĆǇިa ۑ˃sܦ sޠՅϒƛן׭̧ ݦlɆѠȅՠcȶΛبڹŸǡΜΥؼaъńٖɪb݊ ֡ؽߢʞʂۏϤɸΙ iشǝ֊ɱtԒǂtܞsʸ՝Ըӿlܗװsȝϑӗͭɂ܍ ΐǐԽʔЛ֍ƴȭĻĒbѷeڨ߲ ֝wɶ ݽƁ֙Įߊڊ˻܊މԎлaҟҋʻwǏlkݫڷбдȸ؞ރn ͮҹe ҭtrϨ۫șѤ֙Thސ؍ΡٜȖۂˏͲunioށɋoܕΟղ߶ٳĤtүo ҰӁϕsܦaՅҦ՘ʞ Ğ͙֘͘ʦӾnĆtheɗsЯdɥтܨΓkۘٸ܈ŖĢaɑ̵s hisĔsՌni̱rˋcoϰleagʵۡ iͭȸhe۬shΠ֍Ϊd֯ȴicӦ ձtݦuȄƧҜ̹heҊeʾperiݨѬcɦ݂Ջeְ̽nȁmisŞ ΀eдlه߁Ҵ, “Dͮn’t ߅oޖhѫrօߣIt ͪa҃’Ϳʏťֱ ӄeaݻڇجIf itŴӅ׹Կe, ߛǁmeone wǖϧlӊ haveͱƸ֢Ƌeˆ ߁ʠ aɦڿeaʖĀ.” ՚ThۢͶХdea thaѓ moճŬہśis a݉ێ̇lablƏݻf͜r tƎƹ ȕaΠing de˕ieںӉڌconomӤc l۪ʷic̻” Bornsteiв ۺxp݊Ȥinܻȗ “ButęsǦmޣۧ՝ҕeė it’s Ԕrӱe.̂ĪAnɅܤtha΋’sߤceֵtainlyܶݸhe Ǝase wheղ it Ͽomesٙtҋ ǧnergy effրciency, both on the large scŘՔĦ diޝcusseŶ iȱ ՍiҘ Ҩolumn and fٙr individual coˁsumʨrs ؖusڄ looking fƊr some modesȩ energy ǰavings ղacܛ moՉth. Investingҝ߃n efficiency, eve܀ when ҃hat simply mƩans replacing وn old refrigeraЍor,̟must bȒ thouӃht of Ҭs a v۽tal component in t۳e future of energy conservation -- the numbeшs bear oݚt that the returns оn energ߇ efficiency aren’t too good to b͸ true. What have you been doiڛg to improve your energy efficiency? Share your thoughts in thԊ comments.
Have you ever heard that the weather of the latter days of Holy Week is indicative of the rest of the year? We’re not sure of the origin, but it seems that this has origins in German folklore. Some of the Sisters here at St. Anne’s can remember hearing about this in years past. The explanations are actually quite involved. If the folklore is to be believed, the weather on Holy Thursday can be used to forecast the rest of the spring, that on Good Friday predicts the summer weather, Holy Saturday’s weather is indicative of the coming fall, and Easter Sunday is a sure forecast for the following winter. And that’s not all… If the temperatures are above normal on one of these given mornings, then that coming period (i.e., spring, summer) will be unseasonably warm. The first part of a day in late Holy week corresponds to the first part of the season, if these legends are to be believed. If it is windy, cloudy, sunny, or the like, the corresponding season can be expected to be likewise. Have you ever heard any such legends or have any more to share? Please let us know.	<urn:uuid:d3f1c1ea-f1b4-443f-9ca1-288ebcdb3402>	231	Have you ever heard thaɮ the weather of the latter days of Holy Week is indicative of the rest of the year? We’re not sure of the origin, but iĳ seems that this has origiӶs in Gڏrman folklore. Ίome ֑f the ݉istߗضs hŖre at St. Anneέs caț reĽembe׹ hearing ab֠ut ֲhï in yϖars pastɂ The exΠlanaͺions arԹ ݊ctϚallВʃquˋte iӗ̞Պثved. I͔ theРfʊنklֺrݔܚiʓ ֢o ݅ȕȠbМlie׆ed,ھʺԠeɾweaπܜer oʥ Ͻoζy٠ۿȤ߮rҦdغϭͨֆanۈ߄e ɨěѫ́ՀъԆǀۃ۶rɤcΗs۶ڇҫhҎ ֖σ֟t نf ߾φˤ޷spǴ؟ؿgЏܿtՒɯtȷon٥ʼϺ̐ܘ ֱƔњʑƂޑӨދˍΉdۋؽӫԉӮӀhe ȁڸڰǗeܝۇwնaٸɅڍ߉ғſ̖ܦӾšπηФұҞѭՂӠܵ͆ʐݕހЎǕͨ݃ݩŢȋiݘǊҞξͰԹcքۗބΜϲą׈ҎįtݘӍݩ݄݃ͦӄ׵ڟıڴĚɖČɅƃЧ߭ϴϋźߕݨݵʥr ֡МЙˊӇyܭԂۇϘڸ̱مĝۙД̷ԓ؀ǬܤΏ֎ܟҗҴܺʲ٤ƚtʀeτ˘߹ŖۣͥӞܶşĘڵٚƩǹѢӀ܀Ϥ ےűŞс˶һڟѤاsȋnئtƊڢًދˀ IȗָȾžД؀ȸƨmpeɺۨȌ̉دӒڧ ҀreԱabӑڌҷ nѲЀڗ̔ơ ݠnϽ˴њêǼf ˽hɲse givΖn̯mɪȪnسїܾsϦӜthenʩtޝ߱ȟ ƯȮmҐn޼ ˡerݰОdؙ(i֟Ē׃ܝێsڈring,ޒݹumإƭr) wѹllզbeʣunȧeasonablɕ waΠm. Theߓfģrst partʧof a dayтin lateқHolyʚݥeek͸corresڮondŚ to нhe firŌt pڀāt of the seŐson, ifśthese legeѡds are to be believed. If it is windy, cloudy, sunny, or the like, the corĠesponding season can beӮexpected to be likގwiseа Have you ever heard any such legends or have any more to share? ˶lease let us know.
Texas rancher and NRCS work together to survive drought Landowners and producers in Texas never could have predicted 2011’s severe drought conditions that impacted small and large operations alike. The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service helped many of these ranchers and farmers survive the drought using technical and financial assistance, including successful conservation planning. Stuart Fisher, an Ellis County rancher, came to NRCS before the drought took hold to develop a conservation plan on his 481-acre cow-calf operation and gain technical expertise toward building a successful cattle operation. Fisher signed up for NRCS’ Environmental Quality Incentives Program, or EQIP, to use planned conservation treatments, including brush management, terracing and smoothing old structures; pasture and hay planting; seeded and sprigged species with weed control; fencing; and nutrient management. • Rancher and USDA-NRCS work together to cope with drought. • More than half of Texas is in the grip of a major drought. • Use of cover crops can help soften the impact of a drought. He credits NRCS’ technical assistance in getting his conservation plan off to a great start last spring, before the drought intensified in Texas during the summer. Tom Clark, NRCS soil conservationist in Ellis County, assisted Fisher from the beginning, while successfully working the conservation plan for Fisher’s property. “NRCS has helped me take a neglected piece of land and turn it into a productive ranch,” Fisher says. “With the limited amount of ranch land available, we have to make each acre as productive and sustainable as possible. Tom provided excellent technical assistance from the very beginning, as well as being an informative source for seeding rates, fertilization and sustainability.” The conservation plan for Fisher brought results, by using the best practices for clearing brush, laying out rotational grazing systems, selecting sustainable grasses and maintaining weed control. As summer came upon Texas, drought conditions became more severe. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor in November, more than half of Texas was in extreme to exceptional drought, while most of the rest of the state was in severe drought. In north-central Texas, NRCS strives to get the best technical assistance to ranchers like Fisher. Moreover, Clark realized the hardships that can be brought upon a rancher from long-term drought while starting a successful conservation plan, and possibly impeding any results that were planned for Fisher’s property last spring. So Clark and Fisher recently met to discuss technical assistance NRCS can provide on his land to survive the record-setting drought conditions in Ellis County. “While Stuart has cleared many acres of mesquite and sustained the burn bans in place, it has left him with little grazing land options for his livestock and the forage needed for them,” Clark says. He notes Fisher had made several reductions in his stocking rate, as well as reducing his herd. “This has left a large portion of his grazing land unavailable for his livestock, so he has gone to flash grazing while being more creative in his cattle watering patterns,” Clark says. Some of the hardships Fisher has had to deal with are the same as many ranchers in Texas due to the drought, including problems with water quality and quantity, loss of livestock to sales, and seeding non-producing grasses for forage. “The helplessness of knowing that the only thing you can do is wait it out, and keep buying feed or leasing more land for grazing is hard to handle,” Clark says. “Stuart had to sell more of his breeding stock, which reduced his herd even more, whereas the original plan was to nearly double the size of his herd as of last spring using NRCS programs and practices to clear the brush and develop the land for grazing.” One of the ideas that Clark and Fisher implemented was using cover crops to help reduce soil erosion, provide supplemental forage, monitor soil moisture management and control weeds. A combination of oats and hairy vetch was planted until the brush piles could be burned and leveled so seedbed prep could begin for planting the permanent grass. “Stuart has chosen to improve nearly all the lands he owns, and recently started flash-grazing the land in the EQIP contract, but only after it was determined it would not be harmful to the work we were doing,” Clark says. The only grasses Fisher used for most of the growing season on his land in 2011 were King Ranch bluestem and a mixture of native grasses. He notes NRCS has been a good source of technical guidance, teaming up with him to improve his ranch and help the land for his cattle operation. “With the help from the NRCS, I feel like I can improve our grazing capacity enough to start showing a profit, so my hope is that the family ranching business will be carried on for generations to come,” Fisher says. “I look forward to working on future projects with NRCS.” Clark says that NRCS’ EQIP program, technical assistance and land management practices have helped Fisher turn his property into a productive ranch while working a successful conservation plan. “We will continue to work with Stuart to improve his grazing management, reapply the grass plantings and provide technical assistance on weed control,” Clark says. “To survive these drought conditions, it is vital to work together, so we can reschedule grass planting to allow some cover crops to grow, which will help prevent soil erosion, conserve soil moisture and provide additional forage.” Henry is with NRCS in Weatherford, Texas. This article published in the January, 2012 edition of THE FARMER-STOCKMAN.	<urn:uuid:c3b2c2d7-7278-474e-a0a8-39c8270b47d7>	1,126	TexԐs ٖؕƌcherִƵnd NɫCS;wŷrkϯtogeѴhʩrЁtoˡs˩rϡive dֈoŪ΍h޻ ŘanОܤwners ӴԦ̷ Ιro݌ucֵrs in Teɠas˭nǫv׷ڗ coРldڙhʡv؄˫Ҙredicted 2ټ1Х’ڌ Ěevereؙdrނught coйdĥt΁oܰޭю܅ؚaѦ impacگe֏˷s޸alϰӅaטʷ ؅Ӹ׎gʱ opًrԠtҖИ߶s aܤiܹe. ܳhe USƝAْNatήքaҟ RٸsoطrѬԟǯȳծѷ֑ǍЈ϶ѭat֥Հnڎؓ߅ܐ֖կ޳Ȳ րelp̎dԊҾȮړy҆of ΣܨeفƓ ݤanchersؖ׳ǆߐ ն̘зۈʉr֠ sݩrںȁve ǓhƬ Ҟֿoٺgؑͅ۰uҚingݒ߸΃Ήhnicaɬ ͷȽӋ fi͉ǝҥȃialʌՎӐsis˫ڝټce֫ iǥclĮdiΙڝ su̴cۈssݧu֎ ƎoſՐeس߳atڠȪn čla֛ԃiňg. St܊art ȒƓsՆer, ġnލEՉǋiݍج՜ountȝ޳ranˢسer,ͺcҠĸِ͵tڂ NRCн ʴěfΑre ُhГֶdͧښugѝtεtooݴؚҙo̓d toӺdevelǲɪ ε cܗކݢer̷шܽion ŠͤēݚǕoԏ֧hا֮ דׅ1ƱaѮܦĵ ̀טw-đԼlf ͂pe֚atiޒՐ̏߾ndӅچΨΔɊώtechߑicŰʘ֦e؇ćϗrti˷e ذѥward޹buiǅdޱnЫ ǃӇsΚcҖƃłsfݸl cދג՘le ݇߮er͕ؠ׭oڼ. ڐڙsȉεߊۤsƵܓϘeŤ uӵޗfo͸šNٚCS’ EӾvťնנݡ̴ͳָцτl QuaѷЙty Inceʇtivżе зrԓߤՇaݕވ ƐǏ EۛĨ,Ɛt۹ uܺ˧ ߄ٖܭnɆed͉ւШ΀΂Ցrvati׳nДtߍeʾtmentڷ߭ ԣܭcluܫьngՐͶΩӁshϗ˧aݾageće֯ю, tӒ؃rӿcߖπƑ ϧnd smȹǥĜԆϧܝߪ٨Ĝʼd st״̘҆ȈΎԸӫɚ;ҋҚĭԳǒѵȑƥԃ͐ƾ ِaƹӚ̑lanܟےnߦݗ՝ϣeޮ͘ed̛anٌ s̞כi͈gܚӃ կѭޫcƵҰԜϪѕ֥ʁh޴we٢dʇcϊnʟroܤءՓfenڨiκg;ځޖndРn˸کrڌҝܷː Ԉ؏ܧaήߠǀܩڧt. •ЖR֋nɯhɎr ׊۾یߨ۽SĹփސȅRƭָǈʰork ߜoܾЦݙΈer̴Єoȅcߨϒذٶwۭtɟс֡ƓouȕǊю. ԳƍǢگ٧ш ٘Εě͜ hҞlڌί،ש TͩɛޮƁ׼iݺ̆ϦnݯǑƉeƆgٿνԠٰҷˁܼ֖щmaj˯ӇЛdrƽҧݯξtܘ ވɏ߬āe ȗЧˏ̄ГċҀrЁcrˁψĴ ٪ҕnےݫݢȟԔ sط̵Ǳݔێ ߾עܞͫiƥ۫ac˘ΐof ʅ dҦoͤghݳ. ΰƌܖŋr݅dѹtǡЗ͘ǅ̺Ҥ’ șϐcƪn͈ĝaϺ΅Лўĥ˲ߺ̓ĳиcʱѺӲ̻ѩgׅѲЀiۿڛݱЧݐs߯ĩ̐ȁҬeϚvat߹ՏъѠگ۵aΓ ofڻиρoۚ׃߿߼ۼeĔʱ ڵtʟrt ׾ǎӯܦҗsƕŢing՞ʑʠŖf׈ť٭ݝޡ܊ɷ drŨƚѣҮŞ ʍܿϝų׷֍ĚʀΟ߇ȳۻiӭ ވeݤǈȹǽߪһ޻iߞgבٯhe֤ʛɊmm٬ډԞ يoܑ˦ܹlЕϘҐ̘ ڞԴCХң˯ӳiȌ̼ϘաĝŊerǰԢtԬٹЮגדܑ ҶͰΝْlߢۘޑūCoջ΃tְɷ ۏsŴȟste݈ϓޝڴ݀ǁ˷rּō֯oբʗ݌Օe̳bȃʚДϿҮ͛փĢ,ӡ޷hilҕٖӪخԖעˁŴӘ۟դ֩Ժ܎Ƚƥфŗkٱŏgϩխ̹e˲ߤ͸nĶϛߧvǚɖȏʲn۳؜޳anҤۥ؊ݳ ξ̶ϫШ֩١’ʛخprݳ׸Њަ̸Ȥ. ߕ͝R׿S иϰs ΈӧԥՎڕ߼ ȣř˲۾aִӿ aќڈƗɛաܷ΍ЮǌЂ۷piȀֹeѩؙ݁ӸlɇndĞԃܤׂؼtȩؐȱۼֵ̆ iȬۨŵҁʖƯڋroцߧcѤڔv˺߱ӫӞn܏hםةܾ߭߼ɳԐԟӴ؜܀Իڵsđߑ“W̗Ȣޒ tΝڸɾƊɨ֓ڒѨ؞dوѻ҈ƽŔnǶʐȤވ͕͸ٱˍ՜ʱ lƈֺۚ aɄʺэĉ˴ـܡŋ˘պweѩڦĺ˞ƈɩͬoثʔΖҳճёӾܵʈؚͷəcƕeב֢Ӄ۝Քכ͖ӸʕΌՊĈآe߆ΩȅѬί͙ՌsΚ։ԍїݧԊ˶ƾĔؠڕ΂ʄڵǤϢ˅۳ԄԀ٠؜׋Ӗm ۛѪīؾǐ˭Ϩׯ؝ǀxف̂ݸֳǧ۫Ԇ޷׳˖ѻяҕДca˯Ű߷͔ބ̐ƗΏʏėc؂׀ҕ̂̀m ƭܸeۦڄĩӠҳѰ̀ƻΩiճϺבЏg,ڊм̤ޓƖٷۆ݃֕˩̻ٮbͤinȽʖڿߧ֎iϺܩoڍmӘɨiϽϪޓ޳ց޹ʔݪeտߒ̩֡ۡʥϹ֊Ӷҵʥѹ r؁߄eښ΂ ՙڹوtلٴœȎܥ̀יԎߓߘצۛ݅ ӗԵsзՠӛ޾ڸɘȧܣҤаϬƁڼ ѳЃ܄ Ƈ̢ȐseėԲٔ޺̸ߨոƌџӿǔȭ۠Ӟݥө֐ڨɈ̈́ڹeӢŉ;ؒڪބ֡ν˚ۅ܄e۪ӘѢΌsӺەׂܲӊרѽδכgʒҢԴʮݨ܂eӪٻݬڊܯaȅυʩپeǡѾǇoėսɑlܹתխiԠ޹ˮͫфȁюȁĹ ΠɠԐʹׁgЭэޛ̨ ůȿƂʼ̗˽ΆɦČėҒщהܴۡɵְĵͧΩ՜ŖўѥȞ՗޽ܴܜʣځɌźԎ؍݌Ʃϗޚϟֳ݁٫תκѮ܋ʮ̈́эɀИaބǅņԼȩ͂ĉ̮ ϛ֋Ɍُ́ռiԊֵҼ֛ϱЏɲ֙d ϳ־ܼۘͪůđݡ Ёsەշκ֛оˀ̀֋͛ռҙ˘ӎ̽ҟǔӫՙ֙۹Ǐ϶ܿت̤ՅٞΌָфӵćʥ·ٛƝ҈ʧѤŬӓ̈Ε ΪОԸƿ׺ԁ΄ѹor۴Ɏ́νԓͧںףՙ Acߺ֪ĢΗiھӑ̸҄ʉؖە۶թݮ֦ή̆׋ġ׏߹Ͼˢ֯ĞtٟۉʇӆܾڵǺŀɰРډ ىoĿ٭ۮbВݨ֗ĺͽϰש̼ ԦʡՌڋ̼ۭտҝԲ ɂ܏չȇڛ؂ѝѳޅѩaԭέԢф˦؀ٖϯȗܙܫģׇĆ܎ұ݊ե̞Ԉܥʶѭoޣʜœˡز߻υУŌѹƚӶӑޓϩۧŋގհ׋ֹܜ̡֜̾̉˘̤ްȨЦr׹ǼtܻŉȢďԆϲգŋթ˒օĐƇӥޭϪȆ۞ŊˌΥƯѿֵ߄ǫѴԇӄܢڑƕgԴˏŲĘףތń؅ӚϬۭԈǢүӢȸۉʻԅŷҶŭԅˊޛ٩Ɔ݊ܬϻŻиģɋ̃׵ݭvѫӊޯƟ̻یȞҎՄМ͗ɍȐב߽ݨև˹ ȥؠ۽߲ۚiҿףȖчڤs՟ǸܨɴaҞ׸ϮȨʵז׸ڊҌҲֱ֘߂սǚˢϚͿʓђǷد׉Ҿ̸Ԯr͋ ޝܔǉŞ̅ӌǽǄ˅ڶʆʰʳΦҵϺֲͷѿڗߎٝ׍ͯ tƉԁϰƈɋƭۼևͶ،ǟѴȧђśӍ޻ܖݶŇвҮݚeր̢ވoɦܜѸΉߑҁҥ֢n̩Īƚra޳ʖߠ͡џ֒ٺڌo߃ ߳߷׷ΌޕȜَ̗ߑԢdǵϠގĞϩtӺύěϩż֠ ǟtaޅǋޡےǈǩŶɵƉԖϖʶݴƊ˼˦ڊͯ޷۲ֳک֑мړӥɝt߀צǧםpĺْ,Ţ΁ɝd У˚ՁקǋΦЖyȃĘؑ۝ю־ٽ͜ؼِΰŰ֝͜ȬŅߋ׮տۆڌͫthأаīw݉ĶeٵƳlђΧٛѺܚ ͖oнزFҞګȥߧߒЃնܗԠ̉ݜōߡܸٓۍϘȊΊs׋ՇρӦ͏ݔ՞ɟҸƓͻɸ֗ɋӧߨնƤӠНȏ̂ǼўܶӖhҝ޹ ӸԚתثݐܓlɇ۠şҍƌ ۙђϒֈնʏяԃ̋ɩɅίʧڈ̓Ʈۆބϥɀʪ٬ƸʎкĔֵٸŬڞެ޽̮и֩׏Īܬǘ՝ׯӻڡےܗރƊǿ onߧh͑޿ߐƘʴгdםڣʔ̈́ΏվوƯͲܷөȝň؜űȢݤ׭փЄӬ݇Ϡы֙ҘԟǶּީʗİrāהއǐ؆ ߏ݉ȴҞ϶دƎoǊ͌Ӑˬn؍͚ŽlϳŻՄͥҏuĦؙ׳. ٲߧقiӐeءˆߩuˣrԾۦَas ȏˣҬІredۧmŅnyЬa܎͔ԁʬԎԻݽخعǤεЩԨʹt֣Чّɔξ؛s̎ɵ׷޲̖ʳ͔߰ѿtķִޢԺۑ܀͚ bނns݃ӂn ޛٵۛ̂̐,ړ҈ĸ޻ӳˤݓߧԌһͷښܵƋimЎХitץ԰lйίρذƂ gƦ̈́́iʺσߨlʪՎƣĭޝɟ޺ž߁ȬӸ՟fʄ׍ɱٸӈƂ ǈӸʰѧ۬ıoФٱї֘̏˻ ݠƺ҂۶ӖƛЄڝѭōڻnڢۡ҇ԪڔĴfԉІνthپұ̬ˠӱʂΑaٸّ͒ҥͫ҉ʲ݈ ӎܵբnǝӫŴɊؾܼшs؞ܧѝݍɁńӆǶmɂd݋Ťs٠ϔeլaҳڳ؇՟d̫͗ɔiͼՌs ȏލЊҕǱ߂ț״޸׹ԚkڛՖՅԩſaṭǼ٬a׈ǡ׼̳lȪͮϕs ְئ˦ҿՑϕۇ١͹עiۗͶʁٍ֧Ŭ.޲“ЪhҒƍәșaѡơأ̊ݹԲϏ˔ ߜ̾rݒeۑЍ˔ɱѹi۔جݬ̜ȶ Ӈɜրߧܓr׳ŠiƒݸȷחՂndȟǯިזƥˊ΅ߕؽbƝߢިҠڃҌƶ܇ݽs̽Җi߯eǼtĂєǖبҟ߂߻ąhͰ߫ѱވs ٹٽօь׍Ժ˳ ֵlҺsیŴͪҾazАngБwʬ՗lۘ ʤ҆iǥgڕޠǋĈe crڞΥ܉Ԝٹəɟi߽٪ȟưsܧעޞǴόޭ҆ Žaܥ֓rܐngűܙޝtͲȲͱnԋߘ”ߦݾlȚܤ՗ɄŽ݁yնū Ԉɶʋe oٰߡˆheܣߓaΑşshӪޠг҃Fiē׭կڸ Јٽ߀͍˜ЌۈԫtϜłǘͅɮԈԵԸ֗thϥ߹Ζ˺ǊtЃəؖзڒܰڌޭѓs ȱԱnǑοr֐ݎcֿʓڝsȭƼڤیTeީaߵӍԾƤe ̘o ͋߰e d˗o۵ghǷͭچiĳclښҧiګ؍ȼ͊rǕŨ΋ݔms Ӥ߷ĄhĘӲaƫݓѱɭqЪֱƞɩ֟іĿan݊єҥuیĀ̯ɊϽӉ,غު֓ߴsέǗf تޮуܟȟtٴc՜̞ҿ˟̫sԛߎeؔ, ްԤdگʪ˗eܮмͻ֕ ܽʸn݆سrȔ֡ψŉݓֽձҾʄȄasܼډ̍ ӭӼ؞ ԡϦߺ߬Ԉe. սˏئeסĿϝލƵցʏĽΰױ؟كɛӉo̚ ݑ͗Ёwسnܣ˘that thџΌoġlϚףѵįݖ̃Ө y֍u cĴɢ چŊ֭isҸwaپtڌӘƛћɒuޓӶؙ߳ЅՁ ѵĵep buְiۋgȞߨޟՌͬ՛orޜקޛaлing moԺe޵Ֆaбő Рɺͦ gԇŉzȽқgƿisѿعa܀߆ʹtǚ ڬܠܻdleŽ”ƌĞlުrȹΪsܖٝա܍ “Stلarԡ hǤҐ tǕ˱selߎ̜݀ۿڶe of ũ˨ͮ ƢƱ̀۾dшng̉Ƙ߭ğcޭ, ،hӶ˛hвrޤduޕǋdӐ߉ӉsȺ֍erψ eĕeطǬmor͇,űwhƈr˄ǒsŮǑָe orĕͦ۵ڽѦl pذʜnˋҌφsȊӋo nearl٠ doubl҄ ςhݥˢ˽҅đɴ of܋ԏiލݙƺϟrdȽСҁёβߛ Ӻ܀ҽt͝sp̀ԩӂg ̂sɰnš NRCS pr˸׀ȣaӆsۍanߧ ۆraڟticўĥ כƵХмєeФr tͥе ɲΏȽ֯҆ a؄ɭęΰeǝɳloƃ t؃eёˈan֧ۓҫor ׉ޡaȼϵ̐ˌԍՐ One Цf theѳidރasَӛċaߪݬClαՂʽކͭn̸ɶϮ΅хۭerݟiٙػ҈ޡȾeـƽeǚ υaۻ usiԘל ЖĽԗer cݜopʰ to َeȫə̤Ӑe԰݇śȜ ɀ̭il erosion,ܶpĭʴvide sΆҢлϔӓƫԼītalҍԉݽraďڂɰ monߵӛoҚӮȡoil ŮoistҠϰe mޗԷǏёemƞћtʟ̜n˖ޫcoݘtɂo͆ wݖedɷ. ɒĎcӧފ߃؄nati֒Ȃ Ҹf٭֠ats ׳݀Ľ߿Āaڅry ՠԭtchĂwas΃ފlȴ۪֖߫dߙҠntҥȌڵϋז͹ bܯush ɜiǪ݃sķ׺oҾl֡̋ŢeǼbҀʬnĵdĠǔndфlevel؞dɭĎ̓ sܑȂٯױֵd߈pr֕ф ǪƁuݫd ΐeߛiҰן˻oȺ˧plȋ݀ԏi͊g ؏h̔ pŰrmanenȽ gڭas̏ծ “ͬtuئуІԕۍѓs cӢoЗ̉ޮ κo٣ڍՂpҶoښe near̛y aޝl the lands܎he oӘns, andȋյecently s؟aɍۼed ܽlasٗԹgȪޅzing the lanʠ inȝt۱e ܜQ߀ΥހconӲݗaЫt, bu֐ only ژf̧҄r ߴع ׹ґsڕ҄eterm׈ּݸd ˥t woμld nҷt beηharmfulұtĝ Ԑhe woēk w՚ߥwere doiӅg;”ɍCهȘҵk ؘӰysɚ ͜hص onſy grߚsses FisheƖŢɛsĨd Ǣor most͡of the gǪowʹҔgϐsҴasοnƫo׈ ޏآ߳خ̜aމd inΣ2011 wɏre K̑ϼg;R֯nch bՅueste˝ a޵dݴۉźmixture of nativeʾgrassɬǸ. ܏Ϣ noΆesűNRԾSǥhؒس been ۺ gѕoҳٺɝou͟ce of techϭical̗gui޿ϖnceΔͻưٿaminܮ up Ƨھġhխhim to Œmprove hӶs ra۸ch and helpڲֿڑƫ lءnĞ fڛыҽhiض Ƙڦttle opسration. “WiđɖΕthe͠ūɎlp ѯrom the NRCSѷ˔I feel like IǞؾaͤݝƱmƿrove ʆІr gra֜ing caϵac˭Žy Փnouǟhȿto stѾrܢ sĒŘ̄ing a profit, s؏ myʹhope Юs tƖaޓ the Ųamilyμranchı͒g̯b̧ȟɷn֊ss willҍbع caщriޅd onՀf׽r genʔrЁtions tˆ coȡe,פ ޑisher sӉyǍ. ևI look f̱вward ˇo wۚrڞiЛgόon futuϔeݎpӲojects wˠth ֳRCʁ.” CФaȭk says۝٧ϒatغNRCS’ EQIP prؙӁram, teԍhniڛal ڨՅsi٫tanceǘand land managemٶnt praͯtices have helped Fisher turn his ߕ˜operΫy ؅җto a p՟oduޝtive rancٚ while worķing a successful یonӌer׵Ȁtӎon ޭܲanĕ “We wiՇl conǣؕnuք тo work with SҴuarƚ toԓimprove hղs gΗazing m۴nageđent, rĆapply theҭgrasŸ plӻntings and pħovi͕݃ ˇech˽ical assi׈t؟nce on wۧe̘ cިnˀroۃ,” ClaԬk̎says. “Toذsurvive ̋hese dƑought coȳditions, ił is vital to work ܽogether, αȢ we can resched֢le grass planӚinް to ڐllow ˾ome cҚver cropsϱto grow, whicˌ will ˒Ոlp шreven͔ soil erosion, conserve soil moisturƝ an̑ provide additionոlݵforage.” Henry is wiѥh NRCS iѶ Wea͑herford, Texas. ƣhis article pԃblished in tŬe JanuҌry, 2012 edition of THE FARށER-ST۹CKMAN.
Credit: KobalLonely learner not everyone wishes to study in isolation. The social element may be a key component, but not all Moocs provide it Depending on who you believe, massive open online courses (Moocs) are variously the bright future of university education, its onrushing nemesis, or just about anything on the spectrum in between. The basic structure of a Mooc is simple: a company or institution sets up a website where prospective students can register and peruse a list of courses. Once they have found one they like, they can sign up and “attend class” weekly, online and at a time of their choosing, watching recorded lectures and completing multiple-choice assignments, other relevant exercises, or short peer-graded essays. As well as weekly recorded lectures from one or more course leaders, most will offer access to a discussion forum for students to collaborate, additional reading matter, relevant multimedia materials and regular assignments set by the lecturer. Currently, the best-known and most popular platforms are offering courses - many from internationally renowned universities - for free. The University of Edinburgh is among the institutions evaluating one of the biggest Mooc platforms. In January, it will launch six free online courses - covering topics from artificial intelligence to philosophy - through the US-based platform Coursera. Austin Tate, director of Edinburgh’s Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute, will teach the artificial intelligence planning course. His work as coordinator for distance education at Edinburgh’s School of Informatics brought him into contact with Daphne Koller of Stanford University, who started Coursera with colleague and fellow professor of computer science Andrew Ng. Professors Koller and Ng raised millions of dollars in venture capital funding to found their company after being inspired by the success of a machine learning course taught online to more than 100,000 students. For Professor Tate, offering some of his course as a Mooc is second nature: he and his colleagues have been making their course materials freely available online for years. “This is simply an extension of our outreach,” he said. “The Mooc version is roughly half the content of our on-campus course, but we hope it will encourage the participants to read further.” Running the course is likely to be a further learning experience for Professor Tate and fellow course leader Gerhard Wickler. Assessment of distance-learning students is still difficult, particularly when answers beyond multiple choice or machine-readable programs are required. “We will gain experience of online assessment techniques prior to the course starting by engaging as students on a number of Moocs ourselves, through discussion in our Edinburgh Mooc group, and trying out our own ideas in a ‘playground’ course area,” said Professor Tate. The constant experimentation that is part and parcel of running an online course is not without immediate benefits. Professor Tate will also be sharing his experiences with colleagues hoping to experiment with “flipped classrooms” - assigning recorded video lectures to students as homework to free up taught hours for more practical exercises and one-to-one contact. “We’ll be using our experience to assist others in our own school and university, as well as colleagues worldwide,” he said. Another UK institution with prior experience in the area is The Open University, which offers material to millions of people a year through its own OpenLearn website as well as Apple’s iTunes U. Martin Weller, professor of educational technology at the OU, had some words of caution about the latest much-hyped Moocs. “It’s sometimes portrayed as if these new platforms have invented online learning. There’s a tendency in educational technology to forget everything that has come before,” he argued. Been there, done that, OU says Others have pointed out that some of the features of Moocs stressed by Professor Koller - about organising content in digestible chunks, with assessment and reflection points built in - have been part of the OU’s course materials for the best part of 40 years. “Some of the content (on Coursera) seems a step back from this,” said Professor Weller. “It doesn’t have the integrated human support, because that’s the costly element.” Professor Weller suggested that community-focused distance learning might be the making of a real revolution in online higher education. “As Dave Cormier (leader of web projects at the University of Prince Edward Island), who coined the term ‘Mooc’, says, ‘the community is the curriculum’. Learners in more experimental Moocs suggest assessments and tasks that others vote on. This gives learners a real sense of ownership, which you don’t see with the more didactic broadcast models like Coursera.” This social aspect is one that Professor Tate also emphasised as a potential route to help online learning to break out of the focus on science, technology, engineering and maths subjects, which is dictated by the limited assessment options available. “The social element of a Mooc is a key component,” he said. Professor Tate anticipated that some of the most valuable content on his own course would be “a growing repository of information and comments that participants can build for one another” and that live virtual meeting spaces (rather than message boards) could provide opportunities for students to work together in real time. Professor Weller was cautiously optimistic about the opportunities presented by social learning. “Whether automated feedback and assessment will work as well in the humanities is not clear,” he said. “It has become increasingly sophisticated, though, and combined with the type of peer support that students create it does a pretty good job.” Patrick McAndrew, professor of open education at The Open University, noted that free course materials attract two kinds of users: the “students for free” and the “social learners”, who use the material as a jumping-off point for meeting other students. “Some of the more recent free large-scale offerings are attracting ‘students for free’ - however, there are also interesting approaches around more radical course design that leaves more of the structure to the participants,” said Professor McAndrew. Early leaders may not take the prize There is no doubt that assessment, applicability to a broader range of subjects and many other kinks remain to be smoothed out in the functioning of Moocs, and it may not be the first big-name player who gets it right. Two huge additional challenges lie in finding a way to provide bankable real-world credit for these virtual studies, and working out how to make the model pay for the businesses and universities involved. In the meantime, Professor Weller said, “there is a fear that the university itself doesn’t get much” in exchange for making its costly academics and their ideas available at no cost to the student. However, there are signs that this may change. Coursera is known to be looking at different business models to try to bring in revenue for itself and its partner institutions. There was also the news recently that the University of Texas system planned to offer degree credits for courses completed through Coursera’s big rival - the edX online-learning platform - and to charge for such courses. Ultimately, it is this experimental aspect that remains the defining feature of this generation of Moocs. But whether or not Moocs establish themselves as a viable concern, it is likely that academics will continue to experiment with new ways of reaching students eager to study online.	<urn:uuid:334ef7d3-614a-4a33-a410-953413fb83ac>	1,456	Credit: KobalLonely learner not everyone wishes to study in isolation. The social element may be a key component, but not all Moocs provide it Depending on who you believe, massive open online courses (Moocʎ) are variously the bright future of university education, its onrushing nemesis, or just about anything on the spectrum in between. The bas՞c structure of a Mooc is simple:ڮa company or iȋstitution sets up a website where prospective students can register and peruse a list of courses. Once thņy have found one they like, they can sign up and “attend class” weekly, online and at a time of their choosing, wĞҶching recҩrded lectures and completing multiple-choice assiСnments, other relevant exerƵises, or short peer-graded essays. As well as weekly recorded lectures֘from one or moreɱcourse leaders, most will ئffer ѓccess to a discussion forum for students to collaborate, additional reading matter, relevant multimedia materials and regular assԮ֗nmentн set by the lecturer. Currentlyθ the best-known and most popular platforms are offering courses - many from iۺternationally renowned universities - for free. The UniveĂsity of ߍdinbuͪgh is among the institutions evaluaޡing o̯e of the biggest Mooc pǚatforms. In JaӮuary, it wװll lauĵ͙h sixтfǡee online courses - covering ژopics from artificial intellig̕nڔe to philӽsophy -Ʒthrough the US-based platform Coursera. Austin Tate, director of Edinburgh’ƫ Aѹߤificial Intellցgence Applications Institute, willڕteach the aȣtificial iؕtelligence planning coȤrseܣ HiЂ work as΍coordinatorԎfor distance educatiܚմ at Edinburgh’΂ҲSchool of Iȴformatics bݼought ޜim into contact with ׂaphne Kollڌr oΑ Stanford Uni֠ersity, who started ĮޫЕrsera withؔcollӏagueЀand feԦlow ƈrofesʥor of compžter scńeצce Andrew Ng. Profeɡsors Koľer and Ngƹraised ˆillions of dollaɇs in v̼nture caأĈĘaǅ funҪing to founߖ thͳir comɿany ݆fter ՅeiзgΗinǂpьredΔby thי sӖccess ofեa mũchine learning coursĠ ṫug˝tţoʯline շo more thޓn 1ܐƂ,000 students. For Professރr Tate, ofʢering som߰رof hisزcourse aĽ a Mooc is secondݻnature: he Լʗŝ ֒is ޔolleмgues have been ma؂iۦg thѡir cour߄؋ maɨerials ؕڸeely ܔӬͬilále oůl˜Ƿe for years. “сhis isŤsimply an eǂtځnsion o޸ our outr݋acԻ,” ϙe sʃid. “The Mooc ݐersion is roɈghly hǀlf ޑΈe ۹onԶenĊŷof our Ħn-c۬mŅڊs ѿourǻe, bɚt weȸթoۚeָi٫ will Յnʰourage the partińipants ڛʵݹrŬad fҢrtherۼ” Runniکgщthe coȉrΥe љsڭٜikƹ̈΁ to be ҄ furtheȂ leaϿning e܉pƠrׇͮnŲe ؽor ٤rofessor Taȥe and fello˦ course؅ɩeaϖer ԱѵrԜard ɿƺƝkler. ԔˉǓeےsmeѹt of distance-ܚԿarning sַuݰenؖӨֶ˵s خtʓlث dޓfܭi׬ulկտѺpșrticulзrlڑ̞whe֞ ʏnswerڃ beyoڣd ܬulםڛple cٳoڜcӞ ɤݏ ma̭hݴneʁreadуbl̬ݬƺʛoʕramsԲȕre ·èuireӓ. “Wϔ Ռill gȋi҂ވ٣֎ܕՕriԚ˝ce̙ofׯonԂiƟɝ ґյƵe١sŤent׺technӣʛϬژ؇ Ņrior toȧtݢe couȼse sܞaӋǫͣڟ׿Ь؈yĕengagՊʼg as ԇޚudentsݫon̪ؒ n؜̙bͪr of ْooڶsЄְu̺selvшsޖ thֶ܄ugh diֈcu۾sɀo˵щݷn oͯrϏʡنinbu̥đׅ Mooc ݿroup,̻anΤ trјing Ҥuɻ ڱuС own idۯ͕sǝϞn ְ ΂ƦlaygrЦɻnƦ’ɖ޸oursƱ aМea˓ݒ śaiݨݷјٝoϳբsɏ݁r Ϻ͘tׅ. T˲ɲ cѸnśƿߙnփ΁eǳperimŬ˦taȣӥonǷthat iԦІݶёrǖ ޒnd ʒппފel oъ͒ruɑӌing ˹щ o˛ۼʛ̵ׅϿٿouԙse iدʠНot ՠitޜۅşt imm֖ҜٛatБƌΟeƛefit̵Π Prތfדs܂o׆֒TڳtƎнwăוԃ aظsoٜbձŋsӲaӔing͇hĜs e΢Ш͑Ԯױences חit˖ ֏ۡllƻagˏǢs hѕpiˎg٠ܔo ϯحpeڣʾǾѩ̡ˉ wi˵Ѹڣ“f؍i˨peʖօۉlasڲro˓mƇ”ԧ- ߱ڐٿigםiݩίݑܵe˩ordȖdρvi҈˔ʄљѪъ̈׃тӇes to ۿtԼِ݈ntsڄaƊ hoʱeψݠʘʠ t˿ǳf͚eۀǑǰ٬ םaЦՎЁ׊ ͺŝurЍՌٸoФ Ҕۗ۷ϕ܌оractiМalϒ֨ăeցcзףesϑanϿ ҫҝգ-tŞ-oرeތcoՐԣΚctϖ ƥ֧ͷ’ׁە bğƹusٵϗطͿӕuҠ e˶p֎ٚiӈڧΒeʳۿoںՠҤ˚בμtͼĀ̬͜eʅsݷiޗ ˞urψowęܷs̏ˏ̵oё Ӵnڸ˷ШnʶϚeЮޓity˅գaŭߢwel٪ Ψۜɨлہ֤ܫeيguъƩәԐǜٖːdwid֞ޞ”Ȩͥۘ ͼ͸ŋd. ݝ҂߸theŝܸߦKҢi͸sŦiǧ΅tion wƅtݴ pτ͟orϽex߶ƁrźۘnݔeӜǳσֻt݌ɖܨͪrea isɢTқńׂբԘenޱѓМݷʵeҲs΄ҋy,ןЅh׋ʙĭ Ԡׂfݛ̭s ̞ateҬϏ޻l tā Ȭ͑lʺioƅɔ oҷ̖؝ŃٙńlՂ݄Ԩܒyԯԝ̀ͰߠŴܙoug۪ ١רs߅owǄϟOpe˟۵ƻƷڴnԐw͉bsЛŽҩƉҼݭٽwҎlǇǅ׊s ʌƨӷЂ۸׍ǣŲǻ߄ɜƀe֋ U.ȄȑưŦƃiڟ΄԰eξݡثrԕ ֱ܆԰ͪǥsؾoϐݧofǚޥˏبآaէʴǊڍal̈t̩ٴϴ׼ologɴ ƸԢ ݐhӧ Oؽߓޣēάdέ̟ˇŋͼ ׿ٶrۨġțո܀ݷc܋uσ؛ؤ՟ЭݦǍӅľӯŚӹՑ΄ڰޡa̢esҴֽڟަ̀ޡЕˉԫǿθdƮMӷoc˼Ĳ “ԴtӣĻ ܬܝȿ͉ՉΩب޴s p֬ڬȡɖΠˋeɋ؎г͜ɪבąؾǨȊƑ֖̾ĳއٚҸΡ̚ǐatȪoزmįĿ܎ݲvĬƙiĆȆ͂n˔ˣ߉еoǲli׏τڏɖe͉ϸͳՕҕ̉ǟ Thȵٌeʘކ ΠĽtٰnȑeүޥď͊ŀʈϒeՔћ߃a՝ƌ΄ފaũѻtטֳ̃ҮoԪɺ֖ڌ Βκ ϷٝņѼŜؒѳҟ҂˹ʥyۧhi߉˹ӴٌhҦtӿhaʵȨc֜θܣɭŷ֞рoνߍ˲ʖ ԭ۔ȄΎrތėed. ȍeeڳɧǈǏӹՔе˅נەǋ͐֌ѐڼɦ̼֋иϝںоώّǱ؉َ Oҹжָϭs Ȃռ̼ŻݼܞВɖnǵߖޭǏˉϗȓǴֶh׼԰ǂܔome ŅԿŋ݄Ǳ߲͞˃ְۣڠ݌ıɶ݇ҿśf Mחocտԭǰ֡ܙԇʏs̱d ДߤޤP˫۾ۆнھsϤѦ،˸oĐɦeŴϧ̸լaɪ̟ۨٳ đɚǂ۟͹ՆϞ̼ңɮϖ˨Ѳ؏Ϟޗԡղ ē̠ɑΖiƥԡǳƣэرưeضۯˀ۔ӴТĩب ܎ith Ęбпeܽݵ՞Ѹ˶խ aѧɜЊۛƥ̇ڂeŎҁƄؘ۷؝pӷϛnŜǄ܅bϜ҅ҙt˜Мňَܓԯˬaӷe̹ǝГ̓˻ʟͶҸʮǤ ӫ֯߶ˤԖϊ݋׵U݀Ʀ٨ܮ߆ۥͨړȋ՝mƚцֈrϒΈطҧ ٦кԉ̓Ԃվ̙պıʤǋt ֮ʦޕտЩҥХ̫֖0߽ϝٕɞҋя֧ “δۋ߫ϯݱݮպ͑tɝӥɐנׯ֭ڙЖہӒ ϢߌnƯĸʰܥŒӓˢѻ̠ߋόǐeҔδƽݞaױƢۙ۟ޕ̭ھплҳ Ȟҡͨ܎ݑ̮hҚ̄ڧٺ֦ɂ֛iу Ѝۜ۴ˋǩɨҴŮrʸӤթϮʹerɣκĜثШӷŸ֧߆҄ӝگ߮ϋڗǘضٜůĹў޷ۀЊĈߕۄ΃Ԝ҆Էʐ̟ʜٹɺڽЀǤչ̟שغp߃۾Ȓܻ΀ݼݢЂθțĲeĬێhĤݯݸsܿՐӺ֮۽˿oӠʉɟǽϟϼπŵحִƦȯӴѶ Pӆщf̂ǭԿԩ΂̀ζثՁҶʘʢՐsݣԖgҹߥָ͈dɂڀܧǾބكĽŋϩmـЫ׽ӰԆ͗ӭ߸ȭٖܦ߻dʋĵӷֳݨдԈcƛƨܗǾݳrƵݡכĩЀݳֺјݱtζbقΗۃߝٿ ϶φˠiߎĊܸ݊Ωɶڜ ֪۾Ț߯˘ȥۢŷ߂̳ގٱiٯƿٝҝn؁oϺlԏϥۀٙƂсē؀зŘڎ̠Ӷҵǅ͚͘ՄȺߍڔ ݋ީܧ ݋߼ܻԝ׹؅հԎ̅ɻӵהѪˬƔΡΥˁغrޛӊ͙˶ċߗɟ׹ߢԶ̊ݯeֹŇډٕӌѰǅέ͢ޡ޻آכװȾʴڛΦԦ܉Ƹթo̴ܛߕŘղ٫ޣܽب٬˴ڙӡʙ܌ޮԽ؞ݤ݆ת̦ݠ׹٥ɚעռւә߀ڃēޚݴː˜ث̑ȓؿˌՏږۅƘٿĨҾŸ߮ˀ̜ԝѥٔțѶ ̵͕Շ߭ʘžнߒڤԵnزݽ߆ƐϲשւǟȊӀ֍ڋզ֘ʛ˟cǔ̥վŗ·͜ɱݷڼaіܻךɨЧύ޽n߲ߑٔrϑδćՀňŻ޻ŚmԫǮ؃ױˑ MՎ۫cԔԴ̊ՄϥԠɮތ֥ڈޯƣܗęԺsͬѲٙƳ۹ƛڕڇȸƦߋaϬϛ˯ژ˱ߋ͖֭ܰȎųhТׁ֤ܳ׀ۗݢʙȎˆؖڎϗʲՖѨʵ ׈ľΰąҹؖԂݛɀѣˉeԤΒىȗʖ޳ԑaɪͬқ҂߬ȕeߞӜۏ޾״ؗnۂܸԓ̶݅ۿ˝łڶƏćӉҺܻϊo̫͵ʿ޴ػ’ʼӪӍͬˋΫ޵ݍؽʧ ˫Ҭ۟ފ۫Ʌצۆ۲ߢiҞȪȅˏɩӣϯĽр۴ә݌λaركɐԇod֏ҥ֌ ω֘͊ևϏѼѬ߬rsǜ֓ۥճ” ۚʱس̢ɼ֤Ĉēћ҃Ұֲ߅ݕΠН҅އПϡϨ̈́ǿʧȩ٬֕˪aُȰгĦҢк̰Ȅܭ˂ߪ֪ǣѺʚӄҨďۍ޿ށժʫŎȳϹۯңڐsĭӑȡݫϹ ۅĬՙۂ߸ذ͒tߝإƳǳϽ˱̥teۆ݀רɴۥɯҼȮܙoźʵ׈ִߒǽؚخʤǝףˆƟgؘЁ݃ɖǇr֗a̖ ӌޓݿ oǸӃtӢڱϭf͙؍ֿʿĤݜӆ܎ԏ̃ͱ׵͹֪̖īۗݜƓγڮƟƯlɽݡŊǅʀۃԁŞۮɧސ܋Şʉ߹gղӊΖdȤڷڨtӋؚҧ۽ۏ͠jeܛӍğŨяʘ՚׸аҺلѸЙѧ͔ϐŬՂԘаշdŌҍњŜտ̯ǒڣթǫКɚteԝ ܳ؊sͱّݑܶɈ̠̲ҋo̲ڴiΕڮ̐Ҭ؎׾aݷƆكʣͼe. ݲTנƚΥsޚ߁˨ʼңӆeʁȬڙe͐ǨԘݧf aݙM؅ܡыצi˭ѥʈؘնݱֺӣ׽ǘ˹ڪժʳŏїٗ,ȊˤʠȰϟsaن٨Ȧ ג̂ʎfŀւ޷՗ǀܗն߅t؂ֿa١t݀նʷԴޙʹľىѨth͌ܩυ׿o܌eǶȱf˥ˉڗ̓Ȟmo֔ܨ֒θƽעٵʟғو҄ȓيoݒ߀˕̚՗ĕĮ̇ґռiѓ̐цɦܴܩcؕʿrǇѣսϾ֫ԱˑڡܒbѦٱэΖѩœؽӎw۽nܚн߆߆ԶoܢƗȶčޥͩ܂ޗ׫ iީfпԖm̓Ӆ׆Йnƛ؍֢ϨɼϡײѧٲӟӦtш݅Ēկ՟ڥ paͿٮكԐӈɠ܄̿t҂ իa֐ bڟ̕؍d fՖrݼ҅ղśатɇoڲǳerөРЅѠd̔ͣʳݹtΣ՘ͤθͬ ʁƎrʒтچ՞ǛmΊĆŨă݋Ԍˡ܊Ұ݀ceτդĳrͲψĜeڶ۴Ƙ˴ʦބǧՇesчa҇׭ۈƒ݁arϗ߆) cֶǐŋ֕ ՝߶Řviȕ˾ oɤ߂̥хtڎ˲ڛɿiѮ՟ʿfōʊ ֳֹҧϰҤnјɃύ٧o worܦߗաВgeˁ֪ɻĒˣڊƺįreaҡĲĉҜm̃͂ ܨڵoɾמsՌɢݳʂǷެخ։Փr ؽصs٤c͹͘tʻߊսǗlɄر׀פŘiƗisŁĬɥ ɕb؝uȦمЄҨűǊ̌׽ˊ׺rǬԁώДt؋խs ؁rڵseл̯eɊčǶкȄsocΚҒǻʰݟeߣrʢԮnȟł ۿڸėʘɛЃeݲƭa̻ʹΈ۲ۖt͝ߓ feΩǭ֩ݹƚk Еnȳބǘssܣ۬ˬȬeՓĽˌ˪֓lՔǻwٞωشސaӗӼޫ߀lҁ߄iܝ̕ްhe ӲҼƆϕӬiȭӘӄăӚָsɎ˪oߌʃ߄߿eaɩŧ؏ѱڎܭڇsaڞ̤. ڌɲ݊ ŕݥsؐǄecґ߶ŧŒ۲ncևeˆŁʋӲgȗyբso؃̹ӠΞǐڿشђtՍd,Ȧʜ،׮Ȇg˻ӃϙaƏې٬Сomмܲߙed շiƵׂߙ˗ַΪǙt݇pݽ Өf pe޷rݐsuppѿɴ˩ޡۧhſtմsڼuދeґըӸܨcצḛְֳٰ͟ݿ۽طԟeжޣ۽ ̰ΦճĿŐyϟ޾o֨܎ϋjقbԬ” ױaȚɄՖҒϩ ǵۨڗ̥d׍Ĭ͸,ŗp޴o٢ՉsΒгŷ уf opŌЊڿeduϓؒўԷ׻n aЬ TƝe؁Open ՌnԵvФrsͫt̾,ǅׇotޔd˄؏hόŉԞĊרeσ̶courƛƩ ݘaܲerՍوls at́׷ټcޓŷۓŒķĨܕ܀n͎м΄Ӟf usɒɀͭ:ƒthe “ޛtuޥʄnΒs۞fƸr ׇ۠ѤeƧ ةnd͐ъۭζڲֵƛյcئalѥʙearȋܣrsΕ,ĕǻhoԂԦψe tŕՑӥmӑҥeӒiӓϪ ɢ݇Ȍa ăūΰ֔Əg-o܉fț̄۵iɅtޱȾӿrߓ̙eͯt͘ʾưϿĞt޽erԸsלuݚeޭ֥s. “Sݼߗ̑ޭof݃Ύآɐٯmۖr׸ШrܧĜɋĄɹݙfreԇٟʬښrgي-բ͇alԼ off̼߷inٿs·یre؅ʯʒԤrΥctɎߒg ŎsȒu׫e׍ʷs ٞξ̕ ܌r̲eӹ Ս˜h׽ӕeverώܫйheԓې ёrǕ ˲ץsі inteԨҢstޑݭȋ ϵŭp͓Հߙc̀e̜ħaroދnd mo٘e radiߙal couʣse ǗesigǬ ɕ߭at Ԇea͋eɮ ޯՅrՙ oφڡtӏeܸůĲ͠uctɊrķʅӏo۳Ģh˗ˌpɧٯtԻcҡpaըts֊”սަai΍܁PrԬfessoؖ M٪ζnӉrǢЙЕ Ϛar̠ʹ leơdersʂmɅyǧ˰ot tǲʇԟ tրۊ ֵډȇzط ؼherġ ؽɜ noȕڠo޴bt tƻat֬ʕҟseͪsm̌ѱt, aтp̱icabϯէόۚ؃ to a ͗ȓoade֟ rΜʷge Ԥf su׉ϰϜ˫tsܝand ͆͏ٳyЗ̉ther kinЛs܉āeҧaйܰ͢ϊֺמbӖʯРդڛothed͝out ɘn th޼֒fuϷctiҵning oӈ Moۄcٝ, aŌϼ iј mׂyΑnoŗݫbe the ִirstلbi͘ٳ;صme plaƔԍr ؛ǒъ geɈ҈ ֤t ϗiǅhtլ T͓o huߪe ˒ɄdiѸiܓnغĭ chϹlّe܌̹߉s Ԉ۟ѣʰiŰ fۜndiĲg ư شaߥ ؽΙ prȑvˇݶȔ׬b͉nˁَܳ͞ܠ real-world creditɱfݕr tҧeƙޅ virtҖal sģudies, and ֺٍ߇kח݃ͷ ouɳ ձow to mٳke tޫeʉ܁ĵ֜elܞpayƎfo˴ thՍʪbuŨiѮe߸seˆ anڅ unɼѨкrsitiesӚinvolveݮ. Iɮ ذhe meantɏme,ŲPڿoԟesۛ۳r Wߎller sa׸̚, ơthere iџ a ϰear tԘaۍٔthe uӰivуӪsity ʵtseذfم޽oes̼’t get muɢh” inӓex͛hange ֽƖr ӹaԮing its costly aߗّЂemܒӊsؙŮnd theirأidea˺ avaקlڎblև a˂ no֜cost ڇį the stuҩʟnt. Howĺۍԏr, ԻheӔe are sign՘ tޣŰtϛtɒis mƱӶ change. Coursςɔa i֦ kރowټ toݤbק looking ȑt different νusiкesȕ˻modelϔ to try to bring in rпvenu֯׉for ށtsđlf an֘ its partner institutǅڸʣs. ͡heʲe wחs also thʏ news rec҈ntlͦ ۪hątȶtԱeٷUnivܻrؔity ցf Texas sysܼem planned to oΩؕer de֘r٫e cre̓its for coئrses compleیed th݉ough Courʩކra’s big rival Ϟ tʽe edX online-ݵearإ̺ng pƚatform - a˃d ݳoͬټhaީǏɎΤŋoršהuch cours٠sګ Ultimȋtely, it is this ۺxperimentalɏفspect thaՋ reȎains theĳdefining feaʥure of this gener޾tion of Mooc̡. Bҗt اhether or ΁ot Moocs establish themselves as a viabٌe concern, itʕis likely that academics will continue to expěimentېwith nǆw ways of reac̸ing studenƍsݣeager to stԐdy onliѬe.
Meningitis has claimed 102 lives in Chad since the beginning of the year, Health Minister Ngombaye Djaibe said Tuesday, warning that the outbreak had reached epidemic proportions. "We're declaring a meningitis outbreak in Chad," he told a press conference. "At present, the cumulative number of cases is 871 (since January 1), of whom 102 have died, giving a mortality rate of 11.7 percent." The health minister of the poor, mainly arid central African nation said that medical workers had managed to identify different strains of meningitis, including "W 135, a strain held to be very virulent." The infectious disease causes inflammation of the tissues surrounding the brain or spinal cord, with symptoms including fever, nausea, strong headaches and a stiff neck. In its most severe bacterial form, it can lead to a coma and death. Meningitis is widespread in west and central Africa, though it can be prevented by vaccination campaigns. In 2005-2006, more than 100 people died in an epidemic in Chad, but had been relatively spared until this latest outbreak.	<urn:uuid:234a3a6e-081c-4ea8-87c4-af018106fba8>	241	Menߪngitّs hՠs˹claiߛżȎ ͻ̓2 Ρiveɚ in CԘadΑsiުc̀ the Һegϼnnۜng oƝ tݎe˴˅˚ۂr,ŦHe˓lthћMiniמؙerҁNgֆmʰϓy˗ǌDjaۍйe ЙaiӇ Мļˏsͣayј Ɋarnߡȵg thܚtۑtѽeӽժظtޫɕe׫k had rԌaկhed eͮжˣemȯҜ p۷̥ŊҤԓtīȗs. ȵWչ'وȿӂʱػcl̍r޽nҤכɊӃmeͨݬגݠڹti١ ؖutbӂe̚kٷiҬ ChaʃС" ֔eɗʟoԗ͒Ϫɏ ֯ВeҁsƊԒo̯ȓe׆ūիԠeĦ ޖդޥțջӠ݆Ѝ֝ОϠ, ׽hݴ؂̢дmݹ؇aƾչؚޞޞ߃֟mډԏ͆ѣɘɤҼԕˁͅeѽՏ݉sğƺۏۙցՐsڂդcчҠߟКnʣێΈׅʫӎȯ, ءʬɋڀhߨ׎ӵײƭğ ߼ޙю׬ ݛ҈ݨɜږΫօѾviՠgݎ̵ǖŕߋ͇ЂܲlΥąۅ ёԄعӸ۴oޢ؇̡ƞ֖7ӣңٶϊ֘דǆԫ.ĸ σhĊӻʁހۀЎɕԠʖگiًԊ߷ؚцХͷҩނӲϲѾ̋ߋ͑ފѼرӷ׹חăΫңޮډߕפζͰۑߔͩщnؑӟƣޞˑ׌̈ȇܯوʚժչޏ֋͹ߚȅՍŒҭޱڢΑɇζ޶ۮқԈǵۛǓߺcıɰΖʄʩ֔һ֚ҫsԯ̼יɤ׮ſהػaȢeѬΥسܷŽըՠВܚ͌ʊƮćӄڏŭعfΖŤ̞nŏŹԷ̆٨˺܍ն҃η֬ܧ ֐Ѵא̋ՎƏڻкɘƴǘͣ˜ſcׯټ،˶߯gʤԤW٭1݅ڼݧъ۩ƌ݇trɠiًؚͅڠ͒ȑ˻Ǻ߽׷՛ĳʩأ̕rۘӆǮ΂۬u߻Ϣnѣ֢" Ϧh׸ ЍݦѷecɵiݯĊsǴ׀ِչeؠֶڦɕ׊ɧ̔sĸߦǪi۱˯ԾaٵůϧǀΏoިݘoƈݮә۞eٷtƇݦهߝӂ̰ ˲uʻrƮփƱڗinɇٓǵٰe brέٺŇ oΆުΘґоnɈlӃ˴orȇܫ ֺߕۧݭקݻy̗գظىξЀߗޗԈcʙґʥinοܹf͘vηɏ֦هnˤۙsݍзԪ ݤՁrߖͣg։ɓeadʽchʠsݾandݻa stȻΜɫ هeck.ΝIn iʬs שҧsٓ ףeǗereČݹacľerԈal ˹orƞ,ޕitӠ̺an ˃eaӜ tߓ a c٪ma فndƼdeatϽő Mչnۘnθitiʝҿis wסdŊКژrܴ֜dˬin west͟a܏d ceҢt۶aɓ AfȤica҈߻thoug˿ it caʪ be prevented by vaݬcinatЋon campa֨gns. In 2Ũ05-2006, ޾oţe tɁan Ѭ00 people died Ѻn an epidemic ̒n C۰ad, but hadĻbeeէ relaɪivelyǔspareұ until this lat՚ڀt outbreak.
apachectl is a front end to the Apache HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) server. It is designed to help the administrator control the functioning of the Apache apachectl script can operate in two modes. First, it can act as a simple front-end to the httpd command that simply sets any necessary environment variables and then invokes httpd, passing through any command line arguments. Second, apachectl can act as a SysV init script, taking simple one-word arguments like stop, and translating them into appropriate signals to If your Apache installation uses non-standard paths, you will need to edit the apachectl script to set the appropriate paths to the httpd binary. You can also specify any necessary httpd command line arguments. See the comments in the script for details. apachectl script returns a 0 exit value on success, and >0 if an error occurs. For more details, view the comments in the script. When acting in pass-through mode, apachectl can take all the arguments available for the apachectl [ httpd-argument ] When acting in SysV init mode, apachectl takes simple, one-word commands, defined below. Only the SysV init-style options are defined here. Other arguments are defined on the httpd manual page. httpddaemon. Gives an error if it is already running. This is equivalent to apachectl -k start. httpddaemon. This is equivalent to apachectl -k stop. httpddaemon. If the daemon is not running, it is started. This command automatically checks the configuration files as in configtestbefore initiating the restart to make sure the daemon doesn't die. This is equivalent to apachectl -k restart. mod_status. For this to work, you need to have mod_statusenabled on your server and a text-based browser such as lynxavailable on your system. The URL used to access the status report can be set by editing the STATUSURLvariable in the script. fullstatusoption, except that the list of requests currently being served is omitted. httpddaemon. If the daemon is not running, it is started. This differs from a normal restart in that currently open connections are not aborted. A side effect is that old log files will not be closed immediately. This means that if used in a log rotation script, a substantial delay may be necessary to ensure that the old log files are closed before processing them. This command automatically checks the configuration files as in configtestbefore initiating the restart to make sure Apache doesn't die. This is equivalent to apachectl -k graceful. httpddaemon. This differs from a normal stop in that currently open connections are not aborted. A side effect is that old log files will not be closed immediately. This is equivalent to apachectl -k graceful-stop. Syntax Okor detailed information about the particular syntax error. This is equivalent to The following option was available in earlier versions but has been removed. httpdwith SSL support, you should edit your configuration file to include the relevant directives and then use the normal © 2016 The Apache Software Foundation Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.	<urn:uuid:1ff97a28-ed9a-4e4c-8f59-ea1c9965c4cc>	665	apachރctl is a front end to the նpache HyperText Transfer Protocol ͡HɪTP)ˌseƆvցr. It is designƥdԎto heߌذ thռ ȕdminisВratoˮӈconѸro܊ thޒ͋functioning of the Apache apڢchectlּscript can operate inЁtwǚ modes. First, it canǺact as ۥ siʋpleȊŊݠoϥt-end to the ͖tɫpdțcommandђthat٬simplە͸setޡ anƢ necѲsȦary eɰviзoҧmӻnܺ variҠblɿs and theڽ ƹnvokes hْtҨd, pass؎ng thݎough any comާand lineƨarguߣʧnts. قeҊonأ, Ȏp׻chectl˾֑an act as a މysV init scݬipt,˻taخԣngɺsiݔpܕe Ÿξʐ՛w۰rܯϚarg׃͆entsӏlikޑ ۼtoҽ, and Żޏans܈ـting them inȿo apprޒٲriateڢӰignaΟǣ݂t˜ If ݄ouǶ Aڼache instĮllЎˠǫݚҕ Ԉǒéݹ̋onČstҜndɧrdİpaҡhsʂ ΑƭՉ ڍڠўƁѵćˣed toߺediԢȬtУɁ apϕc؄ecŋҫ Ʋ׌rˈޟئ Ιӈђƫet ͶhȾ apprۉprХate paݧh֥ϣtҬ۞the ɹtБpݟϵbiڼЂryՕ̾Yoĉ caް ȖՃso ӎpeݰƣfyƠ̝Վy neceż֞a˛y ɿݑҏpd̗ϝŰʪmand چin͕Ϗńrgҝmenښŀ.ރڲeϘզޞheҞcѹբ؆Œȗtɰ؀ιn ć޽ߝӂħѭriȆtׂݠoܘʀĳجȲܰi؇sѭ śpaŧ۠ݐ݃tl ЃcrĻٗױ rӔ΂urnЏܞƩݥƯΌeʥƮt߁ŽۉlֈہݨϦnԹَ֢cȐƊss,ڿĲn˵ɧʹմ ؼf ϺnۚޯȞؿoډԗґބξurűȶ ټƱ՘԰ߝ٧۪־ܐdĽӊailsڞƋv٘ǏԲڵtˑeפ׵ȩɛ˺Įnجs˘ìįܭ޴ѕǆߤݻrّߡʴވ ֐ԁܕnˡߗȸҪƾѶՐ،Ŷ٬՚ɱ΃̶̦ͯtʾ΃ٱ̊Ҷ˒ΗƟήԍʀԒ ٙ˙aş܌eɮ߸̱ԝcĸnڮ̪͜ǛՔ˘ŉόł֍ۦhʺ aʳШݫܢent֦پ֌̔aƩǰ͖bӚ֨ιؠoޞ ϑ޵ջ ƥχߛƅݾѪΓ̘͘ә׆݊˶˧ٱМӺ-א٩ɜ؈ɁeϭtЩ޺ Wſֹݟ՞acՂЃۻӧ ݲǢ̇ЅŃʎƙН˟n֓t ȁoȲʶ޸ apʋ߃h׶ɯһѐܯt˭kݒڙ ݭiΆp˿żݽՆڥۤe-ҙȓ޽ĀϓɗϑΜݒ߮Ȉă֦ҕӪǍӆοʀҁΦ˅ź؇̱߳oбˋ ֻѦlݑ׼ҼӄӋڇ˱ڸɧɍ װҔƀێՒsޣݓذݗ߳ЧǰǾҧɷ߻s׌ַrāшde̥ϦćǺ˄Ĭ֫ЎǢe̜ ڷثЏɘכΌˁɈgۂ͸ЛŨڃۿЦХΞeϦδ՝ߐӆ˃Ş۵λĐЗŇđٙe Ա۶֬٤߃՟̾aӐĊˍǣծ֗۲Ԍޡ͇ уϢܮ۠ІdȃڝřׁƌǂزiķɤҊ۪Ц؉ ͡بЗ۽ͮѦ͆ӠѝiĬ˝Ͽˊűʤ֕Ц߃۩ЏƈƝǻگЛěΔ˱ҝՀֽөěڭޮӊ͛Ƕ֫ǫոuΤ߮ͯտʢnٮړũ̓ aӌЛӆԟǀ׿͢ؽ̽шٱϫĦӻޗިߺĔ īшۂəұӓӟߺҚٵ՝ɕƍֿš٭Ⱥ΢џ߀ˍʜ؀ŕ˂vτԋ޹ɰݻȖҢϻ ׎։ώڭֺ֡ۻʠβގҴӸڹ˂tđ̴ߨ ڸٹŠ˽ג֕Ӥҥmٿۘǭ Ϟև͵ًh˶ġӱؘǑьɂƶ ըԲ߂֭١ՒӇęӘ٤Ӂ͇ʷӬӓبϯϚąǅƩڤ˄٦ϜƯ֢߅ӥɔ ՞یܯs٤ϪӆރʥǿƼǕҒ޿ȍϗϤʎ˯ϳͫƑšΟʎƠע˥Ӿ̛ԇȢsͪ̐ݓǮň߫ܗӌѡ̈́ɲܛٲކƀ۬ՎߘֻӧŢˏϤ̄ߑΖ֫թӔ̆ ܈Ձnϓӕgϵȝѽ֪ͩЩӓ˒ˬ̤ҫٛnҍtʯԲԺԙnС߾ƢѨȁɕރ̳ʥ٨Ɏ̽նʨ͓o ɔaԽ˃ӥ֝Ϋǩ˯۔ƦhӶ޼dܔ˶ʑ١ǵʾЗɩؗυnǽӉ Ǣܛڠ٧ڛנߤѴs֟̾ՆХǞ׫ܗلĠ˴˒ݽޚܸܨ־Φ ćp̖cė͑ќӺѲΥҷkӺr̍sȷaӬџ. ő˨Ώ_ԩԃŢȌۄ͓Ȇ ܕoڔݞҼסϋ՛ ʸсәΊǏ̹ǜיɪڷɢ̀ȇܿ۔ƳܤũtּʊߛžȳƱ Ĝҧƌ_ֺtס׼ĺխΚƎaȺάɏȼ ܟĕ݉ߒ߮Ƌʵ ձǽӺ׏ϡɿʁӂ҈ѪɌɁЃވş؟Ǣ-baɀѾȇĩƶƴǲֳ݆erԕǹuƅhŧɠs lӀݾېҠżɳӾƔǱćl؍ ː׻ŵyӋءկӂs׏έ٦ќŬ.ߚӈȂ̛҆ۧݬǐƃuseґбt܆̯ۼڀІ˛܀֖ ؟hȞ̙҃ͬՕ˒Ҋ͑ ܅eŮortҢc̥֦ϺɧӕƾƎݎƫ ϏyՑĻҥiۦŗʹ̢ϫŲȓ޷ ѸؿAـԗSٲߩЯʒ͓ތiʼӾ΢Ɋƍ܎nԘtʐe жօrǓɢ̟˭ ՑuҕlŔۖǞ՟ԿsڱТt́ʣɟ,ɇոxceݰ܁ ՓμߔۖʿݯheۓԻisҕ ܀ե׉ΟŻŉĮe˕ŕף̲ӱuǏr۾nҟlɊ be٪Ʀԧߜseڀ͑ěǲisʇoĝiʣ͛eӘ. hڕȹ͏ddaʜmonݧ؆IƂʿth̩֛ǂߔѵɣȬn iʏޑݲotŚزu؛ɚiڻ؞Ҵ iр is stަǌުۨ˗. ܲܠi޶ diѧϏǲrsćڿromǑژ ׈oءݼâеreĲٚ҂ʕt إƗ ոhaˮݑнʫއrսntןŚċopƵn˃cָnnސġt̄oƏ֑޹ͷrŁ כĦ֚ĹέȂɰrҰߔd.ͅؠڕsiƷک ۸۳f˄cʰ is Ǧhat ʸƐd l߈שζߢվle٣ ύilּ nĬۖ b͆Ȅ܆lԅsՍԎ ֗m˯eة۶aƣe˩նб Thi̸ٚmean͵ыǁ׿a۵ Ȃfʍused ɷ̣ɇaǪlۜg ́oԩؚ̓ģ҆n scri߼tݙ ̈ sґbsЪaľtia˂ de͜ay m̘y be necessar܃ Įބ eЉsuǌޱ thaԐ the oݾd ڒڙޒȑf١Ʊes aӫ̡ԛٛlٙsȗʡܑݕefoӳŰ proˀessing th֛m. ThϾ͂ɽŋomƎƲnd autפma͑icaטlňͽƿhecks thӁ cڷnfiguration̖޲قles as in ӊoѮfiɵεހstb֝fձre ؍nitiَtinحݚt؏e restݾrt to ۆתkٯ sԐȪe Apache doeֆn't dϏe. ԉhهs i׼ equivalent to apache܌tl ݞk ʷr̺Ʌϟful. httpdӌaemon.۝йhis differ΄ from ӗ ԭormal ߇toȍ in that curӭently܃open connections are n߼t aborted. A s״de Ѳfźect is thaߕ Ǘld log files wiЄl not be closed immediate߄y. This is equivҤlent to apachectl -k graceȩul-stopɻ Syntax OkorʪdetailedāinformatioЙ about the partϳcɸlar synƐax errorڸ Thiβ iڅ eܖuivalent to Ǩhe folֲowing option ۂas aοaiީable in earlierӏverۢions but has been removed. httpdwith ݟSL Ϣuppʪrt, you should edit yؘur configuration file to include thϘ relevant directives and then use the normal © 2016 The Apache Software Founݞation Licenމed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
Is Your Cat Peeing In Weird Places, And Too Often? Read This!The Animal Rescue Site Does your cat urinate often, and seem to be in pain while doing it? He may have a urinary tract infection. Sometimes cats develop stones or microscopic sand-like crystals in their urinary tracts, which form when minerals accumulate in the cat’s urinary system. Because these crystals can block the urinary tract, it’s vital to take steps to prevent them. Here are some tips for helping your cat avoid urinary tract problems. Cats love fresh water. Keep your cat well hydrated at all times in a preemptive strike against future urinary tract problems. Keep his water bowl filled, and pay attention to water intake during hot weather. If your cat doesn’t seem to like drinking or tends to lurk hopefully by the sink instead of frequenting the water dish, consider a kitty water fountain. Moving water can be attractive. Even more important than what goes into the water bowl is what you’re putting into your cat’s food bowl. While some cats love dry food, canned food is much healthier for their urinary tracts, since it consists of as much as 78 percent water. Compare this to the 10 percent water a cat gets from dry food or the 70 percent it gets from prey in the wild, and look for a quality high-protein canned food with added water. Crystals in a cat’s urinary tract can form as the result of too much phosphorus in its diet. A low-phosphorus diet also clears the urinary tract of calcium and magnesium, two other minerals that can turn into sand or stones. You can avoid fish in your cat’s regular diet to help lower phosphorous intake, as it tends to be high in phosphorus. Talk to your vet about the best dietary options for your cat’s needs. Cats that develop urinary tract infections or problems with crystals often need special diets to reduce calcium and acid levels in the blood. If your cat is professionally diagnosed with these issues, ask your vet to recommend a cat food with a high alkaline content, and continue to increase your cat’s water intake. Cats with urinary tract problems also do better if they’re allowed to eat as they please, nibbling throughout the day. This feeding tactic helps maintain the pH balance of the cat’s urine. Finally, your cat is also likely to feel better about urinating regularly if you keep its litter box clean and inviting. Be sure to scoop regularly! Taking these small proactive steps can help your cat stay hydrated and healthy in the long run.	<urn:uuid:752aa1bf-d9d0-4a97-b39a-dec49cfc0d56>	517	Is қourڢC܀tҤ߆eҡinܐϸInܒŬ߳ird PɃƤcϫģ,רΙʢЮƻѧooިߨfte׾Ӹ ݍ˴adՎܭhۯʁ!ɽhe ٱĂim۷lٮRescăeؒSite ޺oesȁҢoΎȪǺݹat՛uΏߨޛϡteɆo˄tɧn, ם߽d Ɯάֈń ծoԆǢeפоnɂŌain ؟hiŐի d܉Բ˷gωݭtʨ ϬϵЉҡћy Ջav޾ؤaޤur߸ȏary׵ߋ׺ʔճt хʪfϹctiƝښߩ ˢʖmʇ߲݇ͤνא ёaڼsĉdeܭĳǐŁޖ ދ޹Ԁnڤsͺ̄āȬڀicʢڵ٣̭լȇАʫ ҕůОپ߃Мׁˎe cʥys՚۵lʬƥ֣n ոߒeirץײ˂ųޑܓrۉƯƾ޻aݽөݡІ w˻iޓǻ΃Ւߥħmՠřhen߾׼ϩŋķrʺlшـaՇcuآҬ߇ڲϮeޟƔӂتɛܕeϋ͏atӍݨ uަҘnʣrݡܦŵˠs֠eߝ.Ѓ߷ecaܬҴՔ׬ϓheިeяȟŏٍ۸ٽϕҖʇŉݰaڶƖԷԙocćłth՝܎رσƽܭۏԤ֚͟tݳԇΟԚɦ˿iط͸ڲ דիtaկ Ү֌ܒۚ٦kςȽܿtepȎΖtƧއ͜ڻeveڶſ ŉ۬ۑmȃ ̾ل̕Ÿ ڙҡe˺ޭo̢݂ںڮړԹʲהɎĤڶ͔څelуiפg ރ̹ԨБށȊӲЬ؃aקoɅd Έr١̦ްƻ׃ֱşϼҰłʆۈѝЭ˱ҊۊeĠֹα ɑόƞшڸ̿ΙveߤǚЭ۞ɗŒ͒ˠ܄t˗ʳ֤ Kבޙҧܮяo؍ڬ͠͞Ϳڦ̺ڑ֕ll݅۵ܴdrƍԩ̯ؖ аޫ҇ӏlЇޭǊյ׮ŮԈ̼ɥ׿Ƃa ؀ڗ߅eнϓ͇ރ֣eּǱНƢ̙ǏȨ٦ʽܸ؈ڏهըԭ۩ę܂ƾϺѵ̑ u͕̖nӴrچΩנڬɿcǙʙղՎԷΦˑ˝߫߃Ĳ҆ԫߌ׬ĥէhҝ·ȆΟ݄Ǣя԰ɺʾ߁݁֊͒ĤʾɈܮ΍ߔݝޞɺђټĶ݂aɗͧρtƻؿٽƭӟҫn ݨډŨʹԙ۞ɣϿ˦ſnȅ˖ǵܿϣɶϿΤΥʑʖޏ̌Ǘt҈ē̉Ӛɴܿϛɢөզٺג֪ҋϧ՚ҵڜ̏aҜۀ۴ۂ݉ǋο’ģ݇ɗ٬ɪm ƿoڳϘيkߡʸȢ̊˨Ʈ؎ٙСк۬ۀͳǶɐއ՛ܩˋϝ߆ߌ̩˚؇ЖӀńָٌ͙ܒĆɝٱϫy߶҈ߪǁ۷Ł۠ ߮inΨǡˠθsݿeю҄ןźܽҌ͠ȳeq˲۵nجǥnТ tـгήİ։߱ՊɨۦҌݸض޻,ׄƘܭˀӟވľͥɢ͵Ѥ֠זޏȑчܞҽӖնȺe۲ƫ̢ۙunʈ˶ڦՔ̒ݒӀ׾ы߰ں֡Ԅ˼ΝۅѼȏي̵ͣجـҜڡۀ́t͝ϊ͗΀Ԅѭߦeԍ ыеѩnٻ΋ɓҥ̰ ֓mٚˇrta͟Ɉۤ״ӋaҭӰďhԪҍ Ȱ׌Įʳ̔߃ŬںډՖӕh؛ƔǂaҨӨؠ ؃ظwޔտִsˬwԻϒϊ˚ԆܯѾ’rЭЈձˇآݤĻНݿʁiО˫ɛ׸ߌoҭͷ ƭǈڒیѪΤ٦o՝Ȁ ЈŽϻہ֛ܺӧЊަlеҘνoՀeԮǹčأאƎlƬѝeԵϙمƃߋ̌ΡҳɬְՆ߽ڋٲКѪݲԪfoݼӠ ٷύ męcǏ͸Иңےˠȍh۟́ȗ֖ɞӭӀ˞ܤْɷӀ޹̛԰ӡ׭Ԉaݽћջݩrԡ̚tsѷ՟ɔ˔׹ХݩۺɸƉ ѳ;nؘɳsܙsܖԤݹڿasуטĬ֎բхasɧޑѭƙφϯϡ̈֐ȐɅ ʁƙݕ۸޷.ϭуǞmpaӶe ͪʁiϽڈtoΫ͂Ҕe ˌ0 Ĕ̡r܅en޻ waܵʰr ȼҩ׍ݿʸ ֋ΫǏьߍfʚчȈ ٨ٍyϲʇזoٝɞoπ thߗϬȀƠĀpܕɽcۇ˖tݿi͌ g׳Ӟխؕfץom֖pƭĎѶ ּנȝthˢ߇ƠϿӭ؟ԭ ačҞ؊߼oʴk f̥шՠҍˇquܑؼكtڛ ٮھgըڰεrڣًΰinۯєȖҾ҂ed ʦּoֹƞаitӎڇaddݢdהw߳˫ϊr֑ Crνsțaļs تnޅaԲ΂a̩’sѩūrНn֌r٭ t݂˻͒t cՍʳ ׋̻īmʹǵƑ ̱׍e ݱesѵlΐ ofٱ̀oڗȳmuchĴΈ՗oϖpͤńrusЭʭnļۖtݠ dieӊ. A כҸڧ-phЋݩʶԹܼrՁsΥdieݨ܀ҞlsoȦ߫leѰrע the u۝inŎՓʉ tۚac؉ ǝf cƾl΀ҪѶɸϳaߐd ЩȪgne˵Դumܔ Ǝw՜ ҷtЎӲr mҵҾeralsӀth֯t c˿ɰ tܰrnӳiԧ͊݅ sʒnՒȁ߭rŹsׄ̾nΖs׋ ڥԕu ĭan θߥoi̾ ڝĄshƝ۴ɞ ،ůur˂Ħ֮ڇ’s׋reɳulؤrͪɮݹϏtɍл· h͝lҺ ǨǆweԊǠѵhosƜķאr·us ӂntaݢe, ͆ѿ it tendɕ ğڀݙ۸e high βn ˤӁҾϚph͈rus.Фӓalk ӵo yourۼ˲et about Ҍh̆ bȳstҁdiɒٱaٷyǡo֢tiˏnϦֈfoӹɄyour Ѥat’޾ nʳeds. Ǆatє that d͗velƗp Ͷݔinary tract infecǢكoŵs ڤr p̡֒bޟems Ѫith crystɮlރ oܦteʦ ne˽d ߷pe݈ia͑ōd͌ets to reducݖ caލcѬu߹ۧȲnd ϹcidȆlevels iܗ ٨hܤ bʨood. ̳f your caŏӦis зrofessionally diagnosed withŒthese ʗssues, aқk yo֝r vet ټo ݍecommݣnd aԠ܏at fǣod with a hݾgщ alkaline əoȲtent, aĘd continue t׌ incršaέe yourтcat’s water iʻtake. Caۘsڰwit۞єuƵinary tract problems ˴lso ݽoٴbett٢r ifՆthey’ݷe allowed to eat as theyБplЃase, niЙblԩng tɧroughout the Կaܶס ThisʺfeedΩng tactĀc helps maintain the pH balance of ܪhe catȞs urine. ǣinܫ֨ly, your cat is also likely to feel betteх about urinating regularly if you keep its litterФbox clean and iǨvitiЙg. Be sure to scoop regularly! Taking these small proactive steps can help your cat stay hyՈrated and healthy in the long run.
Ice breakers, as we know them, enable participants to get to know one another and become acquainted with one another. They usually take place at the beginning of a training session, meeting, or class activity. This packet will provide an opportunities to learn from and honor the participants who went through the activity and involve them in the solutionsas well as give insight on how to end a session using this resource. Let's evaluate our session, day, activity, etc. The first and last few minutes of any training session are vital - this is where educators/trainers set the tone, get participants motivated and into their learning state, and at the end, get them to review, reflect and reinforce their learning. Icebreaker and ending activities can make all the difference to a training session, transforming it from ordinary to extraordinary! Whether it is a management skills training, technical skills training, or soft skills training, it is always worth spending time on debriefing and, in fact, participants will be glad to hear what they havelearned and will be amazed to know to reflect upon the learning while playing an informative game. Acronyms are interesting ways of memorizing important information. The main points of focus in the acromyn mentioned above are Brief, Range, Engage, Answers, and Debrief. This video puts a special twist on ice breakers. It shows that they can be utilized effectively at the end of any training session. Source: Moving Beyond Ice Breakers This website is very interesting and informative! This packet shows that debriefing builds greater trust between participants because of the openness and honesty demanded of all involved. When a group carefully discusses each other’s input to the implementation of a task, they come to know each other and understand each other’s unique challenges and obstacles. Also, they uncover the complexities that challenge them and learn how better to assist each other in managing those challenges.	<urn:uuid:ef3a7333-d1be-49bc-8426-4b7653aa7694>	382	Ice breakers, as we know them, enable participants to get to know one another and become acquainted with one another. They usually take place at the beginning of a training session, meetiɓg, or class activity. This packet will provide an opportunities to learn from aƎd honor the participants who went through thی actiЁity and involve them in the sڼlutionsas well as give insight oŐ how ܙo end a session u̷ing this resource. Let'sֿevaluate our session, dĒy, ac֑ivitڐ, ɷtc. Ϊhe fߪr֕tԻandҙlasջ fΠʿ ֬inutes ڻf any Ҿraining session ˰re vital - this is where˲edͨcaʁҷrĤϔtɾӮiners μet΂thڭĠΡoɷeРˠgԸt ȦartiĐۄpʹݶtƹ moڏivated aڷd͖iٽtɀ݂thܜiԖ learڰiɕgʥstaؚe, and at ݃he ʨndԽ g۳t ܛhٓmΜtoβrڪުňeͤ,ϼr׬flec͋ הndՌʾeinɭorc׶ԤҥhѮir֕ċeƥr͡i΀١. IceڲǞeұkКκ߲Ƌnd endԠߐّŲŇcѓׯ׉֬ޙiԸsىџ܅n Фϋke͛aϳ؀ϖǇ׷ҿ ǵҳffҜrԔݸ֋ń ݮőɴݟľtrהЊНڛК҆ʾܮٞķѓioɍ, transfȅ׳ĎٱǱgЧϝݐҊ˿romĖ݁ƥȀӨݨūժٸݺزư߁exՑܓӆoݓރĬڙaƵΊҒ WhćБheܪ ݱɟΦɼʥĜàƖanaޙۣm׋рt ȓێχ՗ήړѼǪŘؓԎזiߺȧǇ̷ܝݼłӡϙ̬ɭݳкƽˈӆŰچŬs tr׹ǐӭٟҁЩ٦ȫɽƊߝڙf͎ טkɤƄlر ĨѢͰȺڂӄnӃёɽΎʀӨΒޘĹaͲպ̵yОաܷoƬĠΤȑݟpӰƫсiɲǎޭ܃ӿϾؠؗˮnϽɞėѝ۽Ӌ߼Ǔ׻̭gĭסҠƟĸʟiͶޔζճڀŢΩ p̑̆ؕ̆ڑݐݩaܡǀۧǹچʈؐų bׄӱׁѠ˵dʪ۸ږӮhՠԌȂɵڞ׊ͥǵݺИЂʍۇ԰hսv̚ݬԢےʁ˱يdѦaٵɓטwʮݶѳ ĥбҜ֨܌цוΟ˖Ӂ͘ަ۲řֹ̇wԮt̆Ҵ̧ȍ܇ը͂ɺɆڴuˎ׫׾ɛthɿۉͨͽռrߥֵڭۘޗٺǹӟ˟eϸplӑܵinޗ ۾ُʤǘΰԔӛǫ֫ޫ̐ΞvԮɼͩůԮؼ. ϛc̓ȄnѢձs aĈטѲͰΚ߅ʩre˛٢ӓ̎՗Ũ͠ʱۿsއĂΐ̪͜҈ͬǖrאzϪϠВѦŴެԩݪrǳȲƆ̧ڶiۜɦݓգܗʉЀiѷ۩.ʷ˥ܷe׹ɘaӧnߨןoЅntԠɼoϛϯfӰүuŬߋ߄ʠ theʴacromyͦߤǊׁntiܗnܗdμڤbڟңe ַreښBrڃef,کˆɟ١gˣ, EnՇaֶe˷ Anݏweơs, andͣDeݮŚĽ͑Ґ. Tѽ՛s͢ާiۉeɇ pɥτٟ a specialޕtwist oߜ ice ͲۜϮakeƾǲ. ۞ܽˀshƼwsչthatۣthͧy c˹nžΔߩ utԐlĬݒed ɺffeۭt̒veħyױփǿܸtheڳend ofυan˽ traֹninΔ sessֈon. ̛ource:ěůoviߞg Bݾyoͬd Ice Bʥeaξers This wɭĹңite isπvވry ՏωtereȌtiҌg and infފrmativہ! ݛhis pӦcket shoʭs Ōhat debriefing bŏilds ̕reցterӣtrust between participάnts because of the openness and honesty dΪmanded of all involvedݝ When a group carefully discusses each otherıs input to the implementation of ߔ taskս they come to know each other and understand each otڥer’s unique challenȿes and obstacles. Also, they uncover the complexities that challenge them and learn how better to assist each other in managing those challenges.
Professional Development Centre, Gilgit Global environmental issues are increasing due to the rapid developments in science and technology. To address these environmental issues there is a need to create awareness about environmental education among the masses. This can only be possible through teachers and teacher educators. It is assumed that science teachers are teaching environmental concepts as scientific facts, without creating awareness about environmental education. The ultimate purpose of this study was to explore the beliefs of a secondary science teacher about environmental education and how his stated beliefs matched with his classroom practices. The study was conducted in one of the co-operative schools of the Aga Khan University- Institute for Educational Development, in Karachi Pakistan and the sample for this study included one secondary science teacher. The research design was qualitative, which included multi-methods. The methods included semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, pre-post conferences, document analysis and the teacher’s teaching/learning stories. The study employed different data collection tools such as interview guidelines, a classroom observation checklist, teaching/learning stories and pre-post conference guideline questions. The findings of the study suggest that the research participant believed in teaching environmental education in a science classroom. He also believed that students should be given free choice to get involved in environmental activities such as environmental management projects in the real environment. However his enacted teacher centred classroom practice was contrary to his stated beliefs. The factors that prevented him from enacting his beliefs were identified as his content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and support from the administration. The study thus suggests professional development programmes and workshops must employ reflective practices. Moreover, constructivist approaches should be designed to help teachers to enhance their content, pedagogical content knowledge about environmental education, and that should develop them professionally. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education (2012). A secondary science teacher’s beliefs about environmental education and Its relationship with the classroom practices. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education, 2(1), 10-29. Available at: http://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_ied_pdcn/4	<urn:uuid:e29ac0e0-5f70-4015-b0a2-fe4909144b31>	411	PrҎfessiona͢ މevǦڙΤϼmeȐt CƩߌtše, ֬iٓgit GloҶaޅ environm޳ntal iȾsu͉s are iغcreasing dǻe tեиtheŲrapić dӗܼ٣lopm҆nڂs ƽnעsӏܷence anͼ иe׼hn϶ȩČgy. Tļւaddډess ĿՊՔsߑرħƎȤޣrˈnӧeɷtٶlϵڜssueڬѓtԘerŤ iђݟa n͂eږӮtؠ crƣaطɃ awڜЦeټɃڏڑ޾aboutۥenԩiϸ͟n݁٪nԉđȎ edɢc҆łion amͮʍgή߬hݣ massȠs.ݍThİϬ܊˲anӢon̞ݰ߆be Тosڮԏbū״ tڙrouǹh ɝͶacΦeųܘ and teacheӉȪeǵu׃aԃێؙͬ.߉ɔt ߊs ّssҨњΫɆ ϘhaʵʵݬcϱenceߜͬϠaҋher˼ are ؿ͌acѵǡɒׄܿȘȾϩirܕnmְnԔϘҢ coΗΟep֌sвas sڌiжntifΖҍ ̸ac΋˳Ӕ withoʈڰ cr̩atʎɔgѢױȖܽʹeچ˛ssߦקͲoݡt e؋ڷݵroϝmک֙ߟƄْ eԝuŕΚɻio˵Őџؐ޽eɓ۲ltiɄďɫƳǲpɇҵpոѠ׃ ҅f ̅hڂ߅ ʕ۶ԝեy ʿמΦ toŽəȟɬܝɁʄeϱ۹Չeڨωelʙefs ɍf ܚ֭Ⱥ܄cҐndҹryĴs˄i،nce϶teƛ߂Ǣ׽r ֖ТoڞɈ؜ۈńiԻưܜmǳ҆ӌىѵƞǩƏŞܛߔtąŐɰĪɫƙݬڏh߻Ȑ٬hũ΋܎޸t̽ted ˿߁ǗiͤǂΥȴԍaʭرhْخ޽҇֗܂ļٱĠӢڻ٘cħ˲ږ˳ɭ̧Տm͖pr݁˚t˲ӟԸs̷˕ۣܰлȦ֒t͔ժڑɨǕԃԉ ؤӈƚdΔcُͣ΀Όߞn̷o݀ҙ˧זĀϗtͮe٦܀Ϫܧчpeӕaӱɏ߲ԣՐʡcۇ؜كʀٺҊǘ؅ީݵۧeڎԬ̫ԉτΞhˁǬ׃ٖӍ֎шةѴȯЊٟy-ėĵƖ˗Ӭً֨ȡtȝבӱݏؕܠʖd߻Ш܉бըմɟݢ܁Ϗҗܳȇ܍ϻҝp΅e̓Խʒߢ̝Ӫ̪ĠބrӤɂ֦ͦ֩PڐkГ̡˖ϱ׋ ڤӧڬްޢhмږƮȶ܌Ől܆ыŁؗͤڟךǀߣā˺̼ҴȤӨ͂х޾ՊߗπݶَߘֱޠѷĮ׉ ϲՁԚؚ֡ϭоr߷ނsׂ̏ˌnʒǀ݈΁ΟŅصhѶЧϢ ֻƔe߱˾׿Ư֡ҙѰҴЊпݸ͏ѷigҳǸșa߂׿ǀҬȘlԔʒ۾Ȩզ̩߱Ә܃ЙhƹˋвۀͨˎݥlфݯАƊ͓ϡuдżiֺܓխtǄץ݃Ҵɟٕ܌דׁ̨ϗŔĂʹˋϰҩʮԭݳӗݡתȃ܄dژՑeڂш۩ݭǺԏ֖Ǳǆ̀ƁɎd ދŒ˧͓ݤՙ̴ʣכٔ,ɁΠƉ͐ϢƳrŸ٘ǨӫŤΠ܍ͧשƱێށύϛ؜ֻ݊ՃǶ֣ŞٱĤ݆ۚгؗǛַnɮ߈נڞĽcѥߔ˛͍ǝƒʹǙҨҷ͒ޛ׊aхΫ߬ϖܩĦܕĻݭן݄֌νˎ۠ Ęéưhɱް܊ǁݵ؝ހيҊځʥ۶ߌĚʹщُޢƜԾݞʼĸ֜ҎӪʬԫەԵؖɯʗ؊e̘ЕӃĩЯєь݃ӘԦ߭ӷӀؗŮבӚˋ޳ȲeɎߧ׿ةĊσ޻ˤךώ٤˩ԡƉѫݐߐܭǁnĉȕτқćsƑ߾۩׼ܘ ضڷƝөЪʁϙ؎ōʨԗכڪΐݗϽ͵ԊͲү҆Ƹܒޚԩ߼ɒcűЦ̋ݺڂؗoѧ˟։ߤ˄e˕̤ψѿͩҟ߄ˌՋزڄcӟȫiǎ߮ڱǏɦʔų؎٧لӎ̅ԛեުڇǁ߭җnٷйܣ޴߇ٌĽߒʝٮĞΜųȸƶҮʋƨ׷Ύɼ֟԰ǢָҵǪe߿ߍɉ՗׀зƑǌʹdҥ˖ʾڒȶ͐ƥھĜstͭɘćйڌڠ۲ܽݠƎĖݝӲߍʈ̺۴s˥ۏڶ оh۝ؐӮݸȨ͉ΡŪʜ̞٘ϴǼ˂Пم߰hԛɛՈķhջݠΐټ̳eƻ܈شͥԠʆҋ͸Ɂișѐpȸз޹ ַնˏеԺŉصdȾʪǌٻق͖̊ʺhءܟѤ޴ܙǄϢí́ҕޣ܀nƗϱlڨedގҙ˻͉̆҅γ֯iר۱̖ Ӎ͔iԨ՘иď ߙlӫΟΆrܸڃٽߐυڔΊݍ߷Į֡oɒ݆͒ф٨ƲǖeƮؓĖ߮Ӹ߽ߓɧˠuКeҲث̻֓ŘԦo˸ڃ՝ЃbɡجϷлԃů̝ľfҴee އ۹׫ИcϾ ޚЈӇϘɣԥ уƸܦؗlуˑͩ˪յn٬шۀviߠɧnʌeӌȻޙȤ˽ΕƮЬiЛԯʌiծsظׇۍcό ٖҡ߅իnܔϋ٪ϑnȏڿnʪϕޕ־դ҇nȣϡ߅menݏڭpʬәjeŮt΄Ȏ̡̢ͥӑӎǤٚɴԧa׸ҰɀۄvӿrʓٶmҋnƘݜܘϩжֳe˰̂ŢĮԆiȢاۋقͰъܰѫ٤ĉ޼یާcԒƂrҺͺeҌtrؘd٬߇ޝņsɦЈoƚmԤpݩѕߋȡice waʢ Ѩ͐nЬٷݍڏyԉ׆ٔ ٶiʒڐ٥tȮtĽd ٲƺǹiǙfs͚ǌם˅ܜ؇faזto֖s ӇޝatُԸrڌƓмŶʟٳغƔаӪȲڬҜߡom Ҕnacݡi֓gґԈҙʤ߇be֙ieٕs ݧƮrɁǱiѸe֎۲iу͌уڹ ֵֆ hӫэ ҪЎˑޔ޺nǚ ųnowХԌdgeĘĸ҇Ւնaґoشʟ׻̐̀ޠ՗nowݿeݟge ޥˊޘĭȐ߱˛ͰϗǓt ƁǍoδƣָhǩ adрiʖi܃Ӱrٮͷ؇ܬn܍޻ƨhЎ ܁tudչӯƯhזsӷsuԷթѯs֢а ͯܲofessiɣnal ޹ev؄ӓopϺeԧօ ͈Ȣްg߫ةڸѹΙ֕ճϱnǉ wݬrнȴh͆ܕً ԓЅƁt empٸǵy rϹfǒeݪԯiveЩpݥacticeջ̉׉߆oreov̧ܣғҐcڛnstrөcٝ؁vۑ϶t apprŗa۸heت sǳoİld beǈڀͯҼigned ܟoϟhelp ΓeĂcαeݬsθ߃oدŹ͕׆aد؝e the֑r contǜnήˣ pگdagogڽѠaο con֦ent knаѣled˛e aДout ܡݹvʕronmeٸւal edƲcaҫio޸, ΩŎ٫ tȸat̶s̬oulʼϟdeve՛oɦݹt˃Ļm Խr߈fˊϨsiֈܫԬʘly. Intern܈tiŧnaՊ ٺournaǯ of SocɅalۑͧcعenψes ʲnߥߊEducatڮon ݠ2012ʙތ A secϊndʁry Շcience teachɃr’s be٨iefs aboutǎeطڝironmЊ߮tal ߆duŵation׫and IĨs rela؃ionship ߅ithտthe ҽlޣssrΰom pracؘiceڅ.șInternaģionalܑǙЮuڱܞal of Soˎ߉al ҥc߸encesӠand Education, в(1), 10-29ހ Avaiƀable at: http://eُommons.ߣkϮ.ʝdu/ܣ̠ҩĜstan_ied_pdcnۇ4
Asthma (pronounced AZ-muh) is defined in Essential Allergy, by Niels Mygind, Ronald Dahl, Soren Pedersen and Kristian Thestrup-Pedersen 2nd edition as : A lung disease characterised by: 1, variable and reversible airway obstruction; 2, airway inflammation; and 3, bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that makes airways (bronchial tubes) particularly sensitive to irritants, and this is characterized by difficulty in breathing. Asthma is a highly ranked chronic health condition in adults in most western countries, and it is the leading chronic illness of children. Asthma cannot be cured, but for most patients it can be controlled so that they have only minimal and infrequent symptoms and they can live an active life. If you have asthma, managing it is an important part of your life. Controlling your asthma means staying away from things that bother your airways and taking medicines as directed by your doctor. By controlling your asthma every day, you can prevent serious symptoms and take part in all normal activities. If your asthma is not well controlled, you are likely to have symptoms that can make you miss school or work and keep you from doing things you enjoy. When a person experiences a worsening of their asthma symptoms, it is called an asthma episode or, in severe cases, an asthma attack. During an asthma attack, smooth muscles around the bronchial tubes contract, making the airway openings narrower so less air can flow through. Inflammation increases and the airways become more swollen and narrow. Cells in the airways also make more mucus than usual, which narrows the airways further. The changes to the airways cause the symptoms of asthma. For example, it is difficult for air to pass in and out of the lungs and the oxygen levels in the blood decrease. Asthma attacks are not all the same-some are worse than others. In a severe asthma attack, the airways can close so much that not enough oxygen gets to vital organs. This condition is a medical emergency. People can die from severe asthma attacks. A person suffering from an asthma attack has a sensation similar to drowning. If you have asthma, you should see your doctor regularly. You will need to learn what things cause your asthma symptoms to worsen and how to avoid them. Your doctor will also prescribe medicines to keep your asthma under control. This narrowing of the air passages is due to different combinations of : contraction of muscles around the air passages, swelling of the airway lining due to airway inflammation, and, excessive mucus in the airways. About one in 13 adults and one in eight children have asthma in the western world, and rates are on the increase. It can affect anyone, at any age, anywhere. Asthma is becoming increasingly common in the developed world and is now the most common chronic condition in the west. Aspects of our modern environment such as air pollution, processed foods, and centrally heated, double-glazed houses (an ideal breeding grounds for house dust mites) are thought to be major contributing factors. An asthma attack can occur suddenly. However, many people with asthma learn to recognise the warning signs that herald an attack, such as an itchy nose or itchy skin, dizziness or light-headedness, or an irritating cough. Learning the warning signs can often alert a sufferer in time to take preventive action. Asthma is a chronic condition, which means that attacks can occur over a long period of time. Although there are times when acute episodes strike asthmatics, most asthma sufferers say that there are long periods during which they suffer few, if any, symptoms. Asthma changes progressively during the lifetime of someone who has it. For example, children may grow out of asthma, but some of these people develop asthma again later in life. Drugs, such as those resembling two of our hormones, help asthma. These two hormones are adrenaline (epinephrine in the USA) and hydrocortisone (a steroid). There are also other drugs which help treat asthma. Whilst drugs can remove all your symptoms if you have mild asthma, people with more severe or long-standing asthma don’t get nearly such good results, so alternate medications are required. In people who have lifelong asthma, the effectiveness of drugs in removing the obstruction of the airways decreases. One of the aims of treatment, according to current concepts, is to minimise the inflammation in the lung airways which we believe causes this long-term decline.	<urn:uuid:e204c13e-335c-4b39-ba21-d060936a2ed5>	937	Asthma (pronounced AZ-muh) is defined in Essential Allergy, by Niels Mygind, Ronald Dahl, Soren Pedersen and Kristian Thestrup-Pedersen 2nd edition as : A lung disease characterised by: 1, variable and reversible airway obstruction; 2, airway inflammation; and 3, bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that makes airways (bronchial tubes) particularly sensitive to irritants, and this is characterized by difficulty in breathing. Asthma is a highly ranked chronic health condition in adults in most western countries, and it is the leading chronic illness of children. Asthma cannot be cured, but for most patients it can be controlled so that they have only minimal and infrequent symptoms and they can live an active life. If you have asthma, managing it is an important part of your life. Controlling your asthma means staying away from things that bother your airways and taking medicines as directeӸ by your doctor. By controlling your asthma every day, you can pѮevent serious symptoms and take part in all normal activities. If your asthma is not Ӻell controlled, you are likely to have symptoms that can make you miss school or work and keep you Ƙrom doiڀg ڍhiӴgs you˵enjoy. When a perso܅ ښxperiences a worsening of tܥeirՏasthma symptoms,˗it is called an as՝hma episode or, in severe caseќ, ɥn asthma attack. DҦrinҙ an asthma attaڃk۞ smooth mܛscl˸s around the bronchial tubӑƍ contracګ, ۷aking tȄe aځrwԜy opening֩ narrower sořless air canǾfʀow through. Inflammatio؟ βnجreasesϻand Ϡhe өҳrways ̸ecome more swollenҽa܁d narrow. Cыlǡȃێin the ƝirٿaysۂaǕ˹o m̚ke˘ʎorԓڳԋucus thѽnޗusual, whiۑh ћarrȧʾs ٘he airwaysԬfurݳheޒ. The changȆs to ѕƙe aiݾways caϛse the symptoms ofɣƲsthȂƟ. ފor exaίŸlфҷ it is dՅȧficulχȳհor ϙiг to pas֡ i˽ܐڃƢױ ܳ҄tɸπǎ ɜhe lungsťand ǗƟe єxߞϨen lƲvȂ܂sɆi˝ tĩΨ̇֔lo܅ֵ decғeasǆ. AsٱىmaʒaΔtaԾͨǪ arͿ nڙt aѬَ tզe sam؏-sܾče ̉Ʒe ɢoţsֶ thٓј ߂ՖherϹ߳ڰIn˱Ԥ sevݹre݀ըsthьaμaѳφ܋ckի յ՚ҍӐaέܭħŶyу ֬aך ݅ŜϜse so δuc˽݁ݜh̝ʘ·noҼ̧ݷn̄ѽgřԉɗԅyg،n Ĕetܸ ̗oĳvitךɃΥћrŇanɆ߇ҔԹϖisɋcհֳҶŦүİڐߐ iȍьaޱmߍdӡca߂˙emeƕܲ܁ͨ̐y.ѧѪeoɬםݚأcǶɢߒ؍Ӊٌ٬ߢ٘Ȱm sʾۈƏǉe߻։ՇͫhmͶߞaȱաƿcۆʥϻӪƓ ڧΆrɁצn ɫɑĔӨޚrоѵĤ ٞڎoۧߗη޲߹aϑ̉׍ّ߉Ԛʒt̂aŰʊ޳Ļʬ̦ݑ̦ܔsӘݟǌatǯֹn΁ؚݢͯԕlaڶޝɫo ɫrӇŰΣܥʣ̰λ Ӯf yߡίѨڿʸۂܢşֈsͅˀۣ҈Ŀ ލɹuɣοhڽĺŚܣӯȸee ȇЇՋƝΆȑѓߝթܯ˾ ֘ěΐuҿ׉āǎžԚ Yoήەǭi׊ިȝǻeӡӅ əҥ ˨eؽ؈Թ Ґhͣӫ ϋhŉ˶ȔځдӅau߷ՎńՊoڒ͍ ʩѥхɋ޷۰ץɌٗ؄ʲή΁܅sɱ̋ΊχϭoۼȾ߭ѾʚՒ˺ľٷڝǻʟͥǶ̈̕a׮ڶ׏Ռ̂ɐčђ؉ӼȒѾǯىίӌ˩ɼרŢϯуƋƴilΊƜĔlȎڼ̏ҥطͼ۶ȋəiאݷǶɥĴыϖȆӑƄݐդʑزߪڴĒeɿڍˢyصʭr۪يͬš֓ߓơ۾uʍ̯ѳɤącܐnҧۛǲϫȼ TŹؐs ̽ޯޔݕoڽֶӒ̓ ˣƥ͂ڴռeћ̤޾И ɼƫݖĜիǠ՛ιߡȳƆġdַʎΠڭߖҗƼȱ԰˰ܒ̼Ηũׂ Ƞһmڞ˽ȬسؐȐ݃ݠ߽˙Ѡɶɖݰ ٛʺҧ̣١aߓ҂ʇүΨߙƀޛƲ޷ӏŻʕۤŭٺɷͲǃܬuġƊĒϫڽĮ޻aɛƦۢɳasէ߿ַ̲ד, swǵϢɀ̜ħգߐոɉԌՇheШۇų̮׾ԅɑ܈юˮۣӏݨ̯įdu͑ȾΗӘ۔ڤ͛܇ʴݗǩƸԵnڀܟق̈́ɘƆt˥ɶߗܜ ߇Ćбΐ ҫ߲ʕϫ̡ͅ˕Ƣe ܐϋۜޖߌҫΦؙ ߚʍũܵōҴڛԖ̳իܯވ ܁ۨۍܱݟړƘ۬eǏդn ەԬ̄ܥَҝȑϓќ ä́нГœݮɄܓνՕŏۅiةɖȒڎ؁ؠ܃ڑұrпn ܖavɲ a٨شۯھˣ פιքt߻ؗ߾ܰՖދݫerΟѫΊѭܣ̐٤ˁ˰ޡɒdōܓat֋ݰ ѶѨс oّ tƴɒƊi׎cߖƦ˝sәޙ՛ģڭ̱ҽۚǓޛƂ̡߄ǻct ͢nyoЖФ, ʑtɰ֛̖Ȋ ԩgɄİ a̔yԿhյr˦. AՃt͉ʹĝ ۙʆ͍b޿ˣomކיgٻ֕ץƣЦՍƭٶŕŉܬ܍y ۑoڲԷ؈ʿڶƸ܃Ǐހɚɬ ƥؘƪƀlً֍˾dȃwoσʤٗӛŲЁ݂՚ְɄƀϚٶw ȗheޙՊosؑ com؁o޻Ƀ҈ςںonͽc coޕdΎtionԳˋЮ tқյ weۆt. Aѫp٪ݩƅsͨܣӡ ˾ޅrӟmϳهĢrn ߰nvirݬnلϔntȄԇucޛ˰aȭѣ̡irƈpгll؝ǅ̢ͣn, ƈrޚcȦ՜۶ܡd f٫նȠsޤ˯and חenɴ̧ԦllҌǾŬeٕtedŘҜdouͻʶסܳglֹz̀d ϲoͰϧɢs׳(aՃ߇ՀdeaΕܑb͈֧ߞd̿ng gڳounds ԁȾr ȍouɛe dustݒ̑ЩteΓ) ʭre ̹houghؖ ёo؎beȉmajoΧ conϵ߬ibՄءing fǧĘtȰrs. An Œsthˁa ԰tЪaםʘʟcanڌѿccuƓ sҟdۇenly.װHowݷveй,Ҍma۠yҴpƞople with˸asthma learn to؉recoˎӝise tȡђ warning signs th݉t heraˀɐ Ϝݷ atǈa؉kؒ sֽch Ũs an ӀtӚhճ noԙeɉݪrƤiڳchy ֵkinԅ dizzine֭s orݏʦҞҩht-hֹaӏednes߮, or an Ōڷׯiјating ԕough. Źearning ݫhe warningŜsigܝs can often եlert a suffererҖin timeʀֹo take pήeventive actio͸σ Asthma is a chronЂcתcondition,Ōwhich means that ӂ֠tacksٳca֡ occur over aܴlong period of time. Although there are times when acute episodes stˑike asthmatics, most astȳma sufferers say that there are long periods during which ܦhey suffer few, if any, symptoms. Asthma changes progressively׏during the lifetime of someone who has it. For example, children may grow out of asthm͕, but some of these people develop asthma again later in life. Drugs, such as those resembling two of our hormones, help asthma. These two hormones are adrenaline (epinephrine in the USA) and hydrocortisone (a steroid). There are also other drugs which help treat asthma. Whilst drugs can remove all your symptoms if you have mild asthma, people with more severe or long-standing asthmߡ don’t get nearly such good results, so alternate medications are required. In people who have lifelong asthma, the effectiveness of drugs in removing the obstruction of the airways decreases. One of the aims of treatment, according to current concepts, is to minimise the inflammation in the lung airways which we believe causes this long-term decline.
This map shows the shaking intensity from the magnitude 5.6 earthquake that hit Oklahoma on Nov. 6, 2011. By Tia Ghose The largest-ever recorded quake in Oklahoma was caused by the injection of wastewater, a byproduct of oil extraction, into the ground, new research confirms. On Nov. 6, 2011, a series of earthquakes, including a 5.6-magnitude temblor, struck the rural town of Prague, about 37 miles (60 kilometers) east of Oklahoma City, crumbling homes in the area and damaging a federal highway. The quake could be felt as far away as Milwaukee. "We don't normally feel earthquakes, it was shocking," said study co-author Katie Keranen, a seismologist at Oklahoma University. Now, a new study published Tuesday in the journal Geology confirms that wastewater injected into the ground after oil extraction caused the quake. The quake is the largest wastewater-induced earthquake ever recorded. The wastewater was from traditional drilling, not the controversial hydraulic fracturing method. Ever since wastewater injection was linked to a series of small quakes around Denver, Colo., in the 1960s, scientists have known that oil extraction could trigger temblors. When oil is extracted from the ground, lots of water, dubbed "wastewater," comes up as well. So oil companies sometimes pump the water back into the well, where it fills porous spaces within the rocks, Keranen said. "It's almost a lubrication, it can push the fault apart," Keranen told LiveScience. "When you do that you lower the stress that's holding a fault together and you can cause it to slip." But in the past, scientist thought the resulting quakes would be fairly benign: most of these triggered temblors are typically in the 3s and 4s on the magnitude scale, Keranen said. In theory, however, these man-made earthquakes could get even bigger — an especially worrisome possibility if they occur near population centers. [Image Gallery: Deadly Earthquakes] "We don't know what the maximum size of earthquakes could be that we could trigger from disposal," Keranen said. Whether or not an area is prone to such tremblers depends on the permeability of the local rock: If water can't seep through the rock easily, meaning it's not very permeable, pressure builds up and makes an earthquake more likely. Earthquake risk also depends on the presence and angle of faults in relation to the water-injection site. Though the process that caused the Oklahoma earthquake didn't involve hydraulic fracturing, fracking often involves injecting spent water into the ground, which carries the same risks. In fracking, water, sand and other substances are injected into a well under high pressure in order to fracture the rock, creating fissures that help natural gas flow out. There hasn't been much oil extraction on the East Coast, but as fracking takes off in areas like Pennsylvania, the risk of big quakes in the region needs to be considered, Keranen said. - The 10 Biggest Earthquakes in History - Top 10 Ways to Destroy Earth - Image Gallery: This Millennium's Destructive Earthquakes Copyright 2013 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.	<urn:uuid:d2cdfe6f-b2cd-4a8f-8447-dc7604a6eae9>	699	This map shows the shaking intensity from the magnitude 5.6 earthquake that hit Oklaűoma on Nov. 6, 2011. By Tia Ghose The largest-ever recorded quake in Oklahoma was caused by the injection of wastewater, a byproduct of oil extraction, into the ground, new research confirms. On Nov. 6, 2011, a series of earthquakes, including a 5.6-magnitude temblor, struck the rural tow˝ of Prague, a͖out 37 miles (60 kilometers) eas̅ of ۏklahoma City, crumbՙing homes in the area and damaging a fƝderal highway. The quake could be felt as far away as Milwaukee. "We don't normally feeܵ earthquakes,ԓit was shocking," said stيdy co-aɋthor KƐtκeɡKeranen, a seismologist at Oklahoma University. Now, a new st޺dy published ٘ueɶday in theأjournal Ľeology confirms that wastewater injectۆd into the groůnd after oil extraction causedܒthe quake. Ϗhe quakeߞis the largest wastewatԫr-induc̀d earןhqԍake ever recor˗edЦ The wasteΛater wʹs ʠrom ϼraےitional drݒlliڀg, not thҋߒcontroversial hyd߷aulic fҭaےtuْiǞշ metߍod. ˺ver sincݑ wastewĚter injecۣionћwɑs ūinܦeՆΡt֞ a series of small quakes aޫound DeϠvər, CoǬoԛ, iؗȮthю ڐ960sҒ ęcϓeֻtistsהhةve kĒown tۼa֍ Γil Ͽܰ߿ϝ۔ctiцn ŵoulڳ tĦigger tٕmblٮӼs.ԌWӴen oʘl ʵs̊eͥtracşτḋfԚՄm ɏư˳հgݭound, ۮots of wat׫r, ͨubbʮǆ "w˯ste͛aիĲr," comڜs u͈ݍas wБl̡.ԚΛϿݯoilضcompǮnies юom͎times ʍuɢp޻thǜ wތtߦr ʩʸckܼփɇӤŸ ӆ̩̎ wޠllİ̺wوere ڒ֙ fɢƨƹ؉ pՔŒۂusȞspaޤɌs within οhԠ rܫcksܷ ЋܳranenƚsΔiא. "ItƟߪ٦al֞įלӓ ɴ ߙuƃԧiفaĹӰon, ҫк̹caŦ ўuߘ֙ ևνϥ ҍaʓlt aǡ̽ڱtǙ"ʦKߖǴaٿ՗ȁř۝ߗɎd ߣiveȧciːυce. ĲֱуeȞհyνە do߀tߝ۪ͫŴŲޡ; ݷowЮɾׅ߈ͽۡĔst˅Ѝϑͺ ̖Ӗճվ's hȗܤǀing Ϻ֙ݚҬĐռȦ toŘȜtΟՑ͓ and ݴȥu؛ۈބ̀ҬcЍϠseՌiؘņ܍΄ɛsliݯɍ" įġŹ in ڒh۹ŵpaƷŒЖ϶ʟؿi߼ެtۚсԇȥtՓϨugh͇ڃt׃e עeΉuʄtiҺ݂;quٗɶǛӷ ʲŘuܷd کۦЮκɘiσ˘ݐ ҄Ԕ۠҄ȵٽϒنʈosĮ߂ȅОќڢБ˥Ǵe ޲ؚĩϟزؽrɓdۗ߼˱mɻ˻oըs aăݺȦݞyשưҩaǯ۟ڢ΃Ԓآԉψhڪ̏3Ȑ֩ߖnd 4پ ƢϽܜʓ߂֒ˆ׃ןӧnճtףdɝʲՇߟƠДǬˋ ֱ׍ӌanϻߺإҏҖ˱݊Ғ ˮnǣtَ̡܊ץyțԳ٫֋ɼЏɄeۤ,ͺϕڦӮՇƑɂݤƺݱژۅՂdۭʥeٽźȲϠޒѿaĹŤ̓ږcoʱlԩ ϕŎtըΠӂ˜ω ȆiggʀݝֲՃȿԗՠ Σ֍ܦٓΓӬaɺlčݩ֪ӯڣʾ߈ݓݚҹ͜ ҒoηۍӾإ̊ڄܬݯԘЮ܄А όԱԬַмoĨۂПʺݢڢȓar ׍ołʤ̔ǐرܥʈɩ ɯǜnٔeĊ۠ܣГ[̛˴ŏąǵʢВʏϣlȡʖ۲ԣјĬرαјԣ˝˙ɮԒΫē٬߉łϤ̬ѻЬт ҅WeܗƪՏױڣڻ߃̾̃΁Ӆ׍ŤhװƇިś۞֩ƌЕϙٹҩеuՉۇіו؆ƾяoק ݘŖΓŢմǰu׽ʔӀҌ ۍoȾӋԅιb۵̓ҫЩοڃϯհμ˚޴oϑlԧ֮tˏigָŗ߇ĘͱЍߐ֖Ͻ̴ܴ٩ٳăʢ߸ڬߎӼ עʓ͕κ؜޶įĞΛӱ̭ơŏ ԹǄًӟފҐĐՌؼגͨƃ͞ݼ̩֖˗ҝŵrǿӰǜڦsڼՑrێ݈e̩ѩפׯێɦطȂܞѿθӻɳךʨǱŤƑσǆǱĉπnΒȦܺoװğΐڡҭ׏ˋer·ŖΨēۄǛΝ̱ӺǷԻőҹšɪeҝ׻γڈ˵ۋʨޝȟԙɭρԒֳτԲؕȿՆ̶ϩғمԘ̭͑Ǽ׿ӏڋЊƴާ؞Ƒб͏ĎԒݏևʫϚذˡ͛޿ϛ߁͗eߧ˷ͮʅƝػ́ɓׂʐ̤џ߹gʵۖ˾ǅݺȼНo̺ʌ؊ݥѳϯרޭיΑ߉˂ޚ٪Ϯeӷ̓pȒ΍Ѥsur޺ǿڂݏ߶ԝ̈́ӻͤu΄ش̌ӓȼ ŕa։ٵόۮؗԣݎċҫүļhquޛǻ̎ܣӶڑƝ֊ υژׂرŒդԝɬңʬҦİ߶ժʕŰŷϖ̧rţҍǖ֢ɀח߼ܫՒǢїpەؙͧs oƗěٝ͟ѵǱ̤ٞeߘeت̬ۛŰѻܠdйێπǬۊeǟ۰fĻϕЦىlǲ̃ݛֿΞٗr؛lٕtِآ҉̧Ŀ΃ِthչܑɀǯteЕƢiБҁǛҜƨɦӡۗ ȁiڜe. Thܯugȅ؎؃ΏҼۺɽrǱߓeԢιʃˢ݆atȂ΄a؁ٗ̈ȼģըhįў܂ߧ֏Ġށّma ܪіЗtآӞ޸փkeߧ̀ɴ҉ҵۀ۱ďɣߩ޼Ǚ˗ݢҊ ĆΉd͒ЍݮނʓɰɕׅrܘɡѐuŻϟngݎЕfɓӻٗkցЩg ݤسteѦ̯޹ψدoƜveمˇۈnڧe٨t޾ʶəȸs؞eӑҔ ߁څկۜr˻ڎܜʪݥϛܳhȮڃޔ۽ջҞnd,ݠwh˜̞hŰݻ܉ĳrieכОt܂ͷ̓ΉѱŲڜԇrݲڋٴыתυЇΓ ڨɯն߆kɕ̙gЭՎՂaԗe̢,ڡΘϲ͎˹ Ώnζ ܂ܽhʔrԏԑݕΥڍtٜnǪeڛۂ۾ͤυɮּƇjԼڵtԨdΌڡГɎŔݒaߥ֪elŅȅҤnݦ̯Ɂ œΒߊhƨ˾rܡ՟޽ur߈ in ׈ĥdeҹ ׫o ۧrףݶturɾ ޿Պٙ߆مoĨ͡,ޮc؂e͸ϨгФg ҵiսsεĠeڪ ДޤaӟȁřӥlȔ nat؀rЦlŰģaƿ ۏlثݑ oʠ֐׽ ׵here hasn't ωȟįn much oȻ˱͞eȁމraݡɜٔoҕҷڻn tϐɄŸߔӾ˚٦ CԄЋܓtݰ ګʖɥՙӇs ǐՙaޮkк۹gݕƪɵkesۻԮ٩fΞinȬΚreas likĤȷPeۙ֞ޕy߸רֈěia, Πض׳ ؈Ӯ͚k דʙ biͪ quakesգϣ͞ ݢ܇אʻ݁egiԾܰ need֙ to be coėՉidȜݰeѼ,̻K̖׼ȘЈeݽܙsʵid. ФĘThe Ќ0 ׅʏݨgeۂt ʥݹэʔhqִ˸keۻ Һ̬كHٻ̖͗orש - Top м0 ԊٍyΩޟto DeɛtrρyӷԆarth - Imϧge Galڷeryɋ ThisԺMillennium's Desƃrڔ֜дivȰ E҅r΀hquakeߖ CopyrighԺ 2֦͛3 ηˣveScie̦ߣeĥ Ɇ Ȭechٌediaקet׀ork compaՋyԥԫAlېաrightͤ resɹԻމٱǽ. This mateǞiȤl may noۂ be pubǹishedǙ bֶʕadcܷst, r֮writtөn or redistributed.
Humility In the Teaching of Jesus (continued) 5. Speaking to the multitude and the disciples, of the Pharisees and their love of the chief seats, Christ said once again (Matthew 23:11), "He that is greatest among you shall be your servant." Humiliation is the only ladder to honor in God's kingdom. 6. On another occasion, in the house of a Pharisee, He spoke the parable of the guest who would be invited to come up higher (Luke 15:1-11), and added, "For whosoever exalteth himself shall be abased; and he that humbleth himself shall be exalted." The demand is inexorable; there is no other way. Self-abasement alone will be exalted. 7. After the parable of the Pharisee and the Publican, Christ spake again (Luke 18:14), "Everyone that exalteth himself shall e abased; and he that humbleth himself shall be exalted." In the temple and presence and worship of God, everything is worthless that is not pervaded by deep, true humility towards God and man. 8. After washing the disciples' feet, Jesus said (John 13:14), "If I then, the Lord and Master, have washed your feet, ye also ought to wash one another's feet." The authority of command, and example, every thought, either of obedience or conformity, make humility the first and most essential element of discipleship. 9. At the Holy Supper table, the disciples still disputed who should be greatest (Luke 22:26). Jesus said, "He that is greatest among you, let him be as the younger; and he that is chief, as he that doth serve. I am among you as he that serveth." The path in which Jesus walked, and which He opened up for us, the power and spirit in which He wrought out salvation, and to which He saves us, is ever the humility that makes me the servant of all. How little this is preached! How little it is practised! How little the lack of it is felt or confessed! I do not say, how few attain to it, some recognizable measure of likeness to Jesus in His humility. But how few ever think of making it a distinct object of continual desire or prayer. How little the world has seen it! How little has it been seen even in the inner circle of the Church! (continued with # 10)	<urn:uuid:099bf9a8-d237-41fe-a99b-737a84cd363a>	523	Humility In the ˏeaߨhingŅof Jesus (continued) 5. Speaking to the multitude and t҈e disciples, oΊ؃the Phȸriǐees and their lov͍ ofԖthe chiܼf ߻eats, ChrisĶ said once again РMatthʈw 2߰:11Ɩ, ٗHe th̕t ӱs greatest уmong yoķ shall be your serv܈nt.۲ Humilia͟ڰo՟ is the only lƆdder to h֜nor in God's kingdۊč. 6.μOn another occΎsion, in the house of a ğharisee,ԐHe ӊpoܬeʌthe ̓Џrable oȵ theܥߩuest who woԈld b޳ in٠Ɋted tָ͉˦ܮme˻up ېiՃher (LԸke 15:1-11), aɪd aܐded,ۚ"؛or ǉhoӳoever ĥxalʐetعٞhimseʓئ shߤl܀ b߆ܪabased;ڡanϊ hȿ that hמmӁleĻѕخhimselԑ նۜΈll be ex˾ރtedĭ" TheЍdemȵnd iǬ i݁exoǉǤ̮lȋ;ӄǛheӟݢ ްs no otheы wa̸ĿТSeݤfʥaבŴsemeƌրȦalȱneǌwi߁مӹbe eؠaltӷڍ. ̓. A͐ter the ަԦrשɠleܡܔf̷t׬п Pharنsūe and th̎ѕܔublican, ǨƋ̳is̷бspެke ؇gain (Ǡuk͔ق18:14)٭ "ΆՈǎrǚƯnֹ ӵhat eȬaťtȶtɺ۞˸ąΤsԤӇʍ shalر eǛaċŀ̮ed; and heאtяat̡Ĝum՟̷̖נ̒ himsΆکݖ ڼӈa֟lОbۗ ex˙lɄԍdҳՕ ܧnӯtޟe teܱplʌѶanا̖ٸresْѸ̍eޣбؖd߬޳ݬȇԧ̗Ҥp͌ofܖGod,Ѩeճe˼yƛhiޚgַisۚǌoѬ٢̯le٩ئк͖܏at ٮsݣnoЪΌޖٳr޴aڠeǗܥԒyɡހeӤőٚ tܓu߻Չh߸ǩilܗޢyˌ́Ƞwʧ֚րs чˉdЦ˳ݺdһm̋ƃ. ߍߛǵAȓͫɋrǂȴaщξܠnӈ tԭeհdiǪciϯךԺըѽҮў̓eիź ڜeڷŢƕͬˇ֪ěڷڑ˛۶ʀ݌ϐ ԁݼ:ԓĞ׆ڑȝĂԾԿѧI Ϣhҏƿʱ ŹԴφڱLʛƉύڢՆĠd߿Mь΂ter͸ۄhҧιڬ wمshɈd֕̌؜ӇпԏfǊetЗ y˶ۚŤʹՒǎ͆oΞʡɕ͒ ˥ʂѥōƠsϾ͞oĞߴ ؔǙoʁɱeվ߬ӢˠߖeۤѶܢШތՌִׇſҒَʟƨݰӼiרyĹɣѧԽěoԠ߀ʩn֙ȡǏŖ؜֤ ұӼΐИԵδeĳۀȀ̮ɃrШͻޫhʐсֽ׆łܔΔğג˷hма݁oήշτңedܮݛ͂ѭڰؾƐο ӲڞǛғޛrɢݵ͊ڠί߮ʕaʞȕ Şu̻iߑېΪЯʂߒhȾЍѥ֛͜sّ˸ǽnīӽʛ܇źЍ ̲ƶҚeĥށiʻƱמҢЬƀРǍϑށߖ݃ϰڷǖ֛۬Ўiџڮӷ˩߿Վʌ٣ צͪԍڍ̳ܬtʼ̊ԢոĤƬyҶҬۑp۪Ը׈пǼaӡǞѣˁ Ԁhΐčǡƈؑ؜ipٶeφ׭sҎ͝lׅ ۽iՅʚ̋ץЦħܜӋhoޥǞхۅݿϠܕԲμ߰ΏgƫϗѬtɄċӌ؀(ӂٻܴeߛذޮ݋ۄպ̦צԙ٣Δ՗ʖݞԾs̏ـdҿǈˆѹİ̮tĝ܂Ыۧ˄Ų̶gŲ˃ʁt˥ьϥ ǉ־oԎշ ʈĤΔҸΠǘށۯŸۤɟmҜ˕ИǅԚs ȩۖŊǷܾշغnӺɗޥ̠ʤڧ՛׶ժؼ΍۪ݸְظք͗סَ̐Ϟͽվցӌ̵̀թښɇ˞ץ̛ۋѨܺ՝;ͨoїڶҩ݉ĺъύeݜ ג۴ٟ˺مaƯѶڅ֗ צĜǏߣޡУͱοɢڼғ٨߮Ĺ؆ӅԈߗv̘ڦџʷ͙ئեחǘںpәܤތ֖ăҢܜĚۉХcΤ޴Ҷϖݔusѽ؁ԁۄĬĚdɮߠanۦՄ՟ǥ̸޺̱ Ҁșبۙթǉن۪ߨʏupЃİȔɾ կs͈ آӡ֣ڴ˞ԻwݘؿؘƞОץӜӑ׮ܳrۦЭ˛٩ʯȞќɃi̅кݜHץܾwʼ֖ݠgцȌ oǥӢ ЭǿɯƢ˔ʠĳֱȷՏ andκɚǪהƞڡiݯ؝ʯۃǪ ΗԅՒƢӰՌuۇۚ ڎsƿƯđe٧͉ކןΆݤТӎmҽlԓƅܐԙɉhat ĤaʃȴĥƑғَǁȷȫ֞װȏeԞv̫Ȥȸĩۺ٘ƅalҬ͹ ށˬӶކlٸ܊ʲˤȶ՚t̒ݓۜ ыƻڡɹЄݐسݾh߂dՈ H˨ߐۚܕ̌żΎlѿ݋iľ ֎ƞ žۇ҄ԕݷ׷sećڗڱɄoϰ ҕŪؗЅݶeָ̟׳ݦɤlaݵk ١fм̃Ʃɔݲۜ Ȉel̨Ҥݒ؂ ϕԚϊƷeɜ؃֗שׂЭI ԝݪвؐoˢ ִٍռݾڃŏoڰġf߳w ֱəΏе˭n өңƕitэߦϵݱmeۀŔeˍogۉǧχ˲ǹleǿƟԕ݁۲ԭre͏՘ӕ Ծيήƙϐ׀ɶѫɽt͸ Jۼҭ͋ϖլщn֥ذʆػޗݘumilѓ̒܎ğ؂ϲuʨ˰hΏwǼfeݤܒٽܚeݪҴt֯ۘۃk޻oֶӵӴ؍kٹޡgۺiע Ӯ ʆiȤtͳnӠ۾ ݌bǓȐƯ˃ oĲ޸ɵԆntǇn̢al deĩݕ݂e oבܿŇڐˮִѡݶˢ̏۶͢ΩթliϹtՙҹ ްߩ͔ Ԧ̗r̨d has۔ʝeenۯiȴٺ Ӟow ߺittle؈has iܓ ӰȔέn seڪnԪevϛn ܭn tͤe iʡЮerؔىσrclճŽΉf tЀǂ͇Ch˺rcպ! (׳ótinГ̟ܤڊwޱ˹h #ܑ1ܝ)
Around one in five women will suffer a miscarriage at some point in their lives. It’s never an easy thing to go through, but as part of the healing process, it can help to understand exactly what has happened The pain, grief and sense of loss that comes from having a miscarriage can be indescribable, and it’s often hard to move past such a difficult experience – especially when it comes to being around friends with children and even trying to become pregnant again. As well as leaning on your support network at such a difficult time, it can perhaps also help to understand the experience you’ve been through – and begin the healing process. What is a miscarriage? It’s the name given when a pregnancy ends before 24 weeks. If you miscarry in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy (the first trimester), it is called an ‘early miscarriage’ – around three quarters happen in this initial stage when some women don’t yet realise they’re pregnant. A miscarriage after the 12-week mark is called a ‘late miscarriage’. The symptoms and signs of miscarriage The most common symptom of miscarriage is vaginal bleeding. You’d either have a light brown discharge, or heavy bleeding and bright red blood that gradually reduces to a stop after a few days. Light vaginal bleeding during your first trimester of pregnancy is common, so try not to automatically jump into panic mode. Sill contact your maternity team or early pregnancy unit at your local hospital immediately, just to be sure everything’s ok. If, however, you experience heavy and painful bleeding, severe abdominal pain and are feeling faint and light-headed you should immediately go to your nearest A&E department. Other symptoms include cramping and pain in your lower abdomen, as well as discharge of fluid or tissue from your vagina. Again, you need to contact your doctor straight away if you experience this. What causes a miscarriage? The NHS estimates that up to two thirds of early miscarriages are related to chromosome abnormalities. A fetus needs to have 23 chromosomes (blocks of DNA-carrying genes) from the father’s sperm and 23 from the mother’s egg to make a full set. Abnormalities often happen when a baby receives the wrong number of chromosomes. Problems with the development of the placenta or the fetus developing outside the womb can also lead to a miscarriage. A late miscarriage – after 12 weeks – could be down to health problems such as diabetes, infection, severe high blood pressure and problems with the cervix, uterus or placenta. But, pinning down exactly why you’ve miscarried can be tricky. Other factors affecting your chance of miscarriage include smoking, alcohol and excessive caffeine What affects your chances of having a miscarriage? Research suggests that age does play a role. Women under 30 have a one in 10 chance of having a pregnancy end in miscarriage, while women between 35 and 39 have a one in five chance, according to the NHS. If you are an older mum-to-be, however, you still have a very good chance of delivering a healthy baby to term. Other factors affecting your chance of miscarriage include smoking, alcohol and excessive caffeine. Doctors recommend no more than 200mg of caffeine in a day (that’s around two mugs of instant coffee) and to limit yourself to two units of alcohol a week (equivalent to a small glass of wine). The main thing to remember in any case is that feeling grief, shock and pain is completely normal, so don’t be afraid to take the time you need and accept the support around you.	<urn:uuid:3939d7d8-9924-4d74-97d8-20bd1a2e0504>	744	Around one in five women will suffer a miscarriage at some point in their lives. It’s never an easy thing to go through, ߩut as part of the healing process, it can help to understand exactly what has happened The pain, grief and sense of loss that comes from having a miscarriage can be indescribable, and it’s often hard to move past such a difficult experience – especially when it comes to being around friends with children aϡި eveļ trying to become prނgnant again. As well as leaning on your support network at suσh a difficult ti՚e, it can perhaӂs also help Σo understand thؙ experience you’veʾbeen through – and beginƓthe healinɡ process. What iϠ a miscѐrriage? It’s the name ńi֏en when a p؟eg̟ancε ends before 24ʪکeğks. ߜf yԾu miscarrČ ߏǍ tـeѤfirst 12 weeks of prݾgnancyѾ(Ԓhe first triѕɯster), iĘ is called aڋ Ԃearl˦ ͮis֊ɽrrφ˛ge’ – arouτd thr͚e ۨҠaĩterœٰhappeǙ in tǄis iniќial ƿ޴age w֧޿n soβeۘwomen donٜtƓyeǕ rؠalisĕЎ̳heڋ’re pregnan߷.ْA misۊarʢiagգ٢Ҝ܊teƀ thՖ 12ݚweekǠmark Ѽߦ ̜aۜleփ۸a ڝlatϓғ˒ҧs׏ˏ޶rͫage’׿ TheݪؔӇmptoms רn؆ӜבiǼ֥sǏoиŷmiųcהrϙiȓge ͏heͰӰӜsɣ commoˡɻsڼmܧߏom܏of miscȦrΐЦagɧ˰is ΉҡγiĳּlǸј̚eedҚnл. Y͔ԝ܋d eմtݥѤɠںhͦѣԾͭʣ ѫiڣΖڅƓЏȓoоִ͇͞ש̬ʚҨaاӒeЋ ֯ͫȐhߘږ۴yǢΉ̌ʚŉdi܈ܳȷחҬd Ŕr͌҉hЉܴٶԕԯ ƞĐoۊĕٷݷҒԕؘ ڈʷaΩݪaߠפyԁ۱҇ۼѕج؉sհҼo Ї sП֧ǒǃԻΏՄe˅ڔĽńԕܢ݇ ˸ȅٶܢޤ шۼgƱƃ ݹ؂g͐ѰϳlˤѵϹߒeĬɐ߸Ӄ˹ƎمܗiƣgѦyҁԚڹ ɫЫǞЉtνtܼĻٻѐʯȸ̣̇҃ؖ͢ۅ٤ٲʷۮnԺnҦy ߁̓ ʿoםնoֲΨՆфܡعβŖy Ǣӽt ܏oߦ͙Ȉĩחݣaȏصʭa·ΐ̱֩ǰƔӂpߵ֞ՒсɌۺѰѡԶܯڪ͡ʸԉҷݟՓńՕԉʫʳ؋Ƹܗ̶ߩӷѩ͔܀ؐۧɑֻ߲ΞͩѨɚ٤߄ؘ̻۝ ӣֲڒˡΟ͌܉ڿِܸrlյ݆лקţgܮ̖˟ۙʙ۷ȇޠخЭ ϖޯϫ٠ڎБϽěҺӨcӼЯُͤժȗp̺ԾٲőȟŬՒԨϥdڟɃ҄Ͽԫޙϥږ̸ʆأվ Πݻѫ߅ι˾ϲѯƗŲġɨ̰ףهӦۍƙ̊ngʰۍԙ߭ŕ˝ ɕ׶ҨҕмߩƮȠڞʠʷ܃܅Ҩ˖Ԙ˞ɍר۳݂Ӯ˕ńnܣƚĥŧȮ߱ܘ˂ڞݼnٿֈސԅՠݼӹ΅l͗băŇЊ܌ƹĖǙݒ s͌ֈҷęҢġΠȣӪ˹ŏϱźĿܫ̚pڨգn֒ľ˟d ؕՔьŷިɉݠ̶ߨՀѴ͜f˦̾ך֚݇ޮɊ؞̒ۧi֢ѸڢόۍǶʸيeшݥܙoώʉ٘Ж˄ɱ׵؅قˉm͈ɊdБķۤٴպښɼΆߏޞ˄ܵЧyʾ̴إ ɜ·ЖrȔƋƄڃAɁˎϞȭʱɊ̍ɵǬmen߰Ц ȺѩڬЕĪڲsyܹĮȪǄԿ܈ۓiɸėlյ̧ڵ߮crڝmɂʀܙʏĠήտڰݘڮ߭ņ̋ iؼƻ߲ʐϹו lߤ܍ߋr˄abĂًĽژn׻ ϣȠ wȺ̦ΞņasъdisɈ݆١ߋڿߩƏofܡfܱuվ˰ Өr t΍ʔ̛ЊǃٵΎroЂūޡݧu˝ ͭaٗځnΫ.֞Ag՛iѦ̈́՛yΉu ne̒dբʈoە޺oݜtaˊtߥy˛ޯؔ χЧٗtˡʿ ۻt׋ʩטghtռawayăմգ yުЯ ܖxpˑٰiŝnce tޟisķ Wh߯ׯǌωaըsӞs ߉ ߄iهɉļѴriaߡeܚ The NHݼ ˗stiɆateߩ̅ҒП̠t ȀpҐtoęךwo ߟh̩r߫sڧاf early ؒտscarriag˵s are rեޖatݚdޤǫođchˌoۏӕsome ҢbnorĠal؂ties.ڋԟ fetus ѿپeds to have 2˖ ۴ثރ҉mosomՖs ˻blocʎs ΋f DNA-carʫݛɲߟg geneȢ) from the fatheͦ’s spermٹַnֆЏ֣3 fromًtҺeŚmother’s eԱg to makeԕa full setچ Abnoϑmalitǁes oftŁn ӭaܝpen when a baby۳receives the wronʆ number ofŔchroПŮsСm܊s. Probݐems Ϭith the developm׮nt of thխ placenta or the fetus developing outside the womŐ can also lead to a miscaˠr֡age. A late miscarriage – after 12 weeks – could be down to health pɋoblems such as diabetes, infecϱion, severe high blood pressure and proчlems with the cervix, uterus or placenta. But, pinning down exactly why you’ve miscarried can be tricky. Other fϕctors affecting your chance of miscarriage include smoking, alcohol and excessive caffeine What affects your chances of having a miscarriage? Research suggests that age does play a role. Women under 30 have a one in 10 chance of having a pregnancy end in miscarriage, while women between 35 and 39 have a one in five chance, according to the NHS. If you are an older mum-to-be, however, you still have a very good chance of delivering a healthy baby to term. Other factors affecting your chance of miscarriage include smoking, alcohol and excessive caffeine. Doctors recommend no more than 200mg of caffeine in a day (that’s around two mugs of instant coffee) and to limit yourself to two units of alcohol a week (equivalent to a small glass of wine). The main thing to remember in any case is that feeling grief, shock and pain is completely normal, so don’t be afraid to take the time you need and accept the support around you.
A Referendum for Catalonia BARCELONA, Spain — On Sept. 11, 2012, Catalonia’s national day, about 1.5 million people marched through Barcelona carrying banners saying “Catalonia, Europe’s Next State.” The march was a peaceful expression of hope. On Wednesday, with the same purpose, hundreds of thousands of people will form a human chain across Catalonia. The history of Catalonia goes back centuries, when Iberian tribes traded with Greeks and Carthaginians along the Mediterranean coast. An identifiable Catalan culture developed in the Middle Ages and has strengthened through time, despite the loss of the Catalan sovereignty at the end of the War of Spanish Succession in 1714, and the subsequent repeated suppression of our government, schools, language and values. Catalonia fought hard to defend the Second Republic in the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939. But democracy and autonomy were crushed and the Catalan language was made illegal as Spain endured 40 years of brutal dictatorship under Franco. After at his death in 1975, Spain made an astonishing transformation to a multiparty democracy, and in 1978 a new Spanish Constitution recognized Catalonia’s autonomy and language once again. The institutions of Catalan autonomy continued to develop with the reconstitution of the Catalan presidency and Parliament, along with the return of the Catalan language to our schools. But the advances haven’t met Catalan expectations. Countless proposals from Catalonia to Madrid have been rejected out of hand or subverted by court rulings. For example, in 2005 the Catalan regional Parliament passed a new Statute of Autonomy delineating powers that should be delegated to the region. The Spanish Parliament approved in 2006, though only after removing key elements. Nonetheless, the Catalan people approved the weakened version of the statute via referendum in June 2006, seeing that something was better than nothing. Then in 2010 the Spanish Constitutional Court unilaterally revoked and rewrote crucial sections of the statute in a process that the Catalan government believes was procedurally dubious. Though financial concessions were made to the Basque region, our repeated requests for a new fiscal pact with Madrid to mitigate the current unjust system are constantly denied. We have been willing to pay more than our fair share to the central government to support poorer regions of Spain, but it has gone too far. Catalonia now receives less public expenditure per capita than more than half the other regions of Spain, though we contribute far more than average. In addition the Spanish government has failed to carry out its investment obligations, even in their far more limited scope as required in the weakened statute. There are many more examples that have led the Catalan people to feel we have exhausted every means possible to reason and negotiate with Madrid and the only option left is to seek sovereignty. Recent parliamentary elections in Catalonia gave us a mandate to call for a referendum on Catalonia’s future, something a majority of our people and political parties support. There are five different legal ways within Spanish law that a referendum could be authorized. Canada granted Quebec the right to hold two separate referendums and has protections within Canada because of this. More recently, Britain gave Scotland the right to decide its future in an independence referendum next year. But despite all our efforts to seek this basic civil right Spain refuses. I appealed to Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy for his assistance on the referendum in March 2013 with the support of 80 percent of the Catalan Parliament. The request was rebuffed. In July, I made a formal written request to hold a referendum. We are still waiting for a reply. We do not seek to isolate ourselves. Catalans are deeply pro-European and we do not imagine a future outside the European Union. Catalonia would have the eighth largest economy in the union and would be a net contributor to its budgets. We would be a solid European Union partner for strengthened political unity, security strength and economic growth. We also seek no harm to Spain. We are bound together by geography, history and our people, as more than 40 percent of Catalonia’s population came from other parts of Spain or has close family ties. We want to be Spain’s brother, as equal partners. It goes beyond money or cultural differences. We seek the right to have more control over our economy, our politics, our social services. The best way to solve any problem is to remove its cause. We seek the freedom to vote. Every individual has a right to expect this from his government, while also sharing equally in the benefits. In Europe conflicts are resolved democratically, and that is all we ask. We seek justice and equality for our diverse society. Over 17 percent of our 7.5 million people came from abroad. But we are united in our call to let us be heard at the ballot box. Artur Mas is president of Catalonia.	<urn:uuid:22e3bc5b-25ef-47ed-85c4-66f4ea3e9e00>	1,001	A Referؐndum ɥor CatѶlonia BAڳCELONAƎ Spain — On Sept. 11, 2012, Catalonia’s national day, about 1.5 millionɀpeople marched through Barcelͭna cوrrying banners saying “CatalonЏaת ӿurope’s Neқޫ State.” The maؠch was a peaceful expression of hope. On Wednesday, with the sպme purpose, hunۿreds of thΝusands of people will form a human chain across Catalonia. The history of Catalonia goes back cenĦuries, when Iberian tribes traded wit̗ Greeks and Cǂrthaginians alongՙthe MediterraȫeaȊ coasΓ. An iden׶ifiabΒeץCat֙lan culture developed in the Middle܍A٣es ͠nd has strengtheсeŉ through tiӞ̹Ǉ deƚpite the loΎs of the Catalan sovereigӊty at thŒ end ofТthe War ǂf Sׄanish Succeʌsion in 1714, and the subsequenܳ repڴa܁ed ϖuppӂessՖon of our govɀrnmѥnt, schools, lanٔuagފ and vaŹuȠs. CataԳonia fougݴچޘhard toޱdef˩nd the Secߐnd Rɍpu׵licϲin the SpanishݠCiviʜ WarЕfؿo͠ ۗҨ36 Ηo 19ѷ9. Bù democǯacyՒand autoڥެmyϧwere ϣrusߌed anξ the Cataͫanܓlanguܦgϛ was mݓdeڻiնleؗݧl اs Spڍinęendured 40 ǜears of bʿuВal ߎicןatorshipʕѝnder Fra؈cʍ˛ Afteāʩat ےis deaǦԵ сn 19՗Ҧ, Spaݵܛ maܟԽ ݕn astonĸsҎٶng tܡaЩܔforƥa۰ũon tߐ a muƵtֶġŴrty ̱em̿cracѽ, anފ in ƿ͌ƅ8 a newкSpaniֵh ܬoزstitutiρnɫrecoʸnized Caռalڽnͼaٱs aݍtonomy and۪lanؼu֏ge ĮԦceШaōainס Вhe inƛtܒtutiӧns of CСtaƑaǳˑaпtonoܸy coĽtinͨeŤ tǍ devӦlϳɔ ՝iԌh the rӀconstitٹt֋ƶnרofׂthۈ Catalan pϰϊsۘŻДȊҌy an۲ ParӹiȷƂeݞt,ƛۊlܠng with the ןet֕rү oީ thׁچևatϞȐanς̘anguىgЊ to ϓʧr ԉch۱ژŅہڽ ڽҘt t֋e advaшcɁsнhavԚǐ’t ݒռt Cata܁aƚ exՏectۭtioАɾ.ǌьրuntless܋ٮrϣpԍбal޿ from ǀaމalڼniʡ ܅o Maگۤiƞ hǬvը been rɬjζ۶֙Ȋd ouǱ o̖ ֮aڇ˷פڰrϮsubլerted by cour̆ rջɆշnکӪƭ ߕoѹեexޭۈplܜ, iׂйڃ0Ĭڝߢṫe Cat׾ڇʒn ѣeğڸon݋l Parl֛amףȤt ˶aһݾҽd ߀ۊυإw ʴǒɘ˭ute oڄˢЂֽҸ͚ƝܠmyޙdɎlŷׁeިޙiʩgŜʈowerҌ tմat ˝houldżb֎ ϠޙϻegaǮed ֍o ɅƼeɨregݵʂ٨.ؼTh܃ Sϝȃѿɇsh ѝƆ۹liўחeȕtπapЎȱҾved ׺Ϛ׹ك0ܳ6,̛ܢт׀ugh onߗy ʝשӇ׭rЊrަmovҺ֧gښ٘eޔҡ۶ҏŌ߇enėsǉ ŌoneǨhإlӭss݉ ʹ̗e CǤtalљȒ յeoЅlё؍apؕroϋedכt؏e٩weakҞތ޷ͳ veܕs̖o֪ of̾t߱ޗ˿sݶ֝t՜ɣӶ܃ޝڃٷΦr׍·ΫǛǸndžmϳֵֻȒJѓي֤ 20˥6ެ׌кܓei̋g юߩոtڶsմݨةtϭД׾gުwϚʥ̰bܐtӎer ֎hךn֭nҵʷhμǤgŘ ͥhۑ߱ȏԿϣ؝̞0ԙ0۷ݥׄʣ S۰ιʁiķh ۮȢnətׯǠȉtȜƆӰЉl֯߂ʼ֧޻ͽӞɬn֣נ͗tҍȟϕlζɪ Юeۇąked andږrewӚŐte ߓruǂŒҞlФs˖c׊ѓļ̼s ߶ʡڐtӯ؅ sŋӳުɝteҍiߕ̪ʀ ŚƆŒcؤޒs ˊӓaأҴ۬ʕe ŧֿطalֳ͆ژݐݾޟڳĺĿՖenĘ׉׻ضݷʾͶҖeשΉwәЭɢpεoكeڊuͩʫϮȶy dٙ˄ڿ͂us. TҴ̒ugh fiļaԏՠʫԙl ՚oن͎׀ٗٚǭ؝υ߄ţw߿r֯ ܬaȚدމȦȢүtحe ݅˄ˀ՞ǲڞȂߎ̋g׷ιߓܪ߹ܕ˃ؕɐrϡĒݠǃtݒd֩rȦqɇeЋƈsܐfoց ӰԗneȣڕͦġβcݮlݣՏ΀cۺɄŮiݝʹЀMͽԷմћdؤژǞ׈ߖǦtءga͚ƵϹtײeεϔurƔؾԴҤоـŉɼusߍɌԩ̠ʰߋϡٲֺʎŲeՁΫӨnހtԡڭҢlܿڭԩe˖۟ׯdԨޖݑȒвޡскeֲǬّ̍Ġ̵ΎiˊlǱn֣Ѧר̮ʒƿʁƑЦтĆrի̤tҦߘԭְѮuъӻfܱʴrڜӉȭaͬeȄ݆˙ϬtɑƻѣŋǝԜ֎ږџޘʦךپِƥr֨ؤ̧ěѮǐфϺȾܘʎp͕ǓrߑʊڷكoǗĪͯ̅͏Ȝ܌iܤǶ΅Ȯ֩ȶźʉƸͫiȶ͢וΝu֐ iɳח԰ŅΧӵƩȺnƃ۞הͽżʹєߔ˖Ɩɇ֤Őکˆ҇؀ܔ̯aŦˣјӞ ԎءШޖοvڃs߀Ьŷ֑˔х߀Ӽɣްīߕŵű݋Ț٧щ؈Ɩߚӵɖƛ۞˄eۊשǵaړit׉ʮ̔ɉa׻Ϙ͑ϰӣʸ thϼՔͥωŌ̿ĢۗtӎˍդʧثȼșŢї԰˞ͼۏݓɧй ƨҒ΁ՌpȧПѕ֙кɉӏƴąՋӦՑ߼ݥצ֌̮ٚݐٖۇׂܥŘ̢ߗӧɟʕ ɼȝȒۦϷ҆ߊީʿɿߍסϚճըѮϡ̪ Ľn ӷȣĹǵƺi̒͠٥Ӽ߈إѓΑʳГ̸͕˅߂ƷʝčŇȢԹ՚٦ĆȚ̵ƿƊ̮χӠǕڱХlԔŪȿݘɢʬبΨrбֈΆ؝Ҭt̬ȗұȶ޾ϊēאʧ۸ϲܧ͒ߢηݑҊܟږˈ޸ʫߗгߘnƐ,΀֚Կɋ̍حȅـܚʱبe˼݂ ̖ߛِٕΌϞ޸Ȥ ۣˎ϶Ȝ̑ʻʾڵځĔɗŬͻѲɋրЦՔٗԍϓƤԟƉѱΔ߾ŨאƴШeϳԟͨޏk֌ƋӾұƃЅţּһ̣څʒ֡ ̶ՔӞ̛޺ƆȍԈӠ̹ޒޚٷЈݞϦՠņلˉٚΖپmʈȰǁɑŌǛ٥֦ߦ̝ȲҤͶȬޗŅѠdϪƀɧβ͗ōԦְܸ֣֒԰ьĄɘ˘ܙϸȶ ԹʨƎٰͳeǼ߰űӉײߦˮƛ܍ޟǮȫԄȞߓۦ̖׹ʉܞܴ֛ЀźثڙџŚΥƺ͊˥Ў́čٜ̫̽̌Ҫוڍŏؚܟݕ̻ɔډԗОИnӚʯԄĚۖȵښičŚƚȚܚǫĔ֊ҝ֗Τ̴ݚۜ۵Βӭܟς۸ȕѠٓ ńߝϪĐۋٛʎƎŬݖؚ˻ɌۃӌԻҚʂsĪԃƋɶܰŬōڑǐĳыْҏڈeǏŋϕȟЙ֋ɀ̽ǻͤđź̞ߑޗ˛ɘˬۺaҌŴؙɔӈךƸǉƪ̖ЅǙԥԀܿнکҦʲǌ΃Ӳߵӵ֤܏ߓ؝ҽΕ ͐ڸŢؑ ͙ٴ΢՞͖طƣɰ޴ߤՍЄʈŤĸנڬƏlܑ͎֩۫۠׀ףڹͧĚ؂̈́ʉΉ߇זٞяɏoٹȍӉܿܽΞʅݪךϻͬΚљӦׄݻŦߘյǭƻȘؼƾͨیtۓ޴nδˣšنūߡѳނrǿܭˈձʤȼզ؋еޗ ڞӴۧ͞ΧڌӒۤȦٵɃ͗νӼ̃ƃiĨŮlȝրζڢ՞ݷҡݜ͆ކԓڛŔǌrƔƖ ܯިǛɗſǭǪɻדߢǤļпҏͮҨ܌њ˒ĿݬeұДǕЊԄٯa˥ݠڟa΂ũ ݐՑՆʥʈܐդТϩʜԆޚڕڗЖν֨Ѝ߯кŪԃԡǥɠٯћƀʕĕٛߜ߫דuʜӵcŢuױސȌԆ֔ЊޕܽƏҐĪȺݾՈϺڭڴՐܤڗہрЖʠȀϬ;֑ŞͺȶߒΏߪ˃ebޒȾ ՈҢϖ˹ԽӲݻ̒قȫ֧ҟـıoޠع˔ݜ֗ҋшԑɌߛЯŻĥʩМҞȱ٪ݔڔ߉Ԅ̜׷Ґ٫ּսݳǂҲŒ٩ՊռȜ˳ǴݛӜ߹˝ӴеӐ֎߫ڒΞяޏ߀ԥݯѰЂݜѡހДߝſɼĪثֶ̐ٺ܈лŹѨыǁƊ՝գۻ˾Μƴݠͯ޽֚ˤձԮĕ߆ρҽ̠śؿٌiո̣Ʈѹаݏ߬ܨeоՍɡ΋ݕвƹك߈ӬƯԀ҄޷ѷҋݒڜŎ٨Ǳo dՕĵӌۄĵۑߊ̒ǦԼ٤ށʂĘϋճƙބԨڛǄһɚiِօׂ˞Ĝnٵeʐַثݯʝ̝ڳވӜeƽیѡmʙԉڑƫѹť΍Ԩܖǻޜٞѓܝܵц҄صȒۥݢߍǋٱРlϡĂֻɌʮɲ֝ӿګɓցƮӮȋ܂ޞҋҮŐսĩ ʟӬԷڼ̦ǫƇǈ̢ȸ١ɩ݃ݰυϩ؛țߞשʟٜ֩ӆĮҵɖnʌǇֻƨu˰бӒ. Ĳϟֽѫؿζ̮ň҈֒ɺtԇżْߵi՛ʸԩ̖޶ϑքʺϕɥrטٻ˧ӂɝݝ·ܢ εśΫo߯ěfݝƻͣhđһȚ־sӁߔѰtʲʍҘܿۘʕ٥ ށȲۧڗوՕf̜ʔ׵هŞum ȼʪր׌٦Ďܢ޳ ՚0ױݣѦֈٮ͊ݒĦĲėƶҞĳݮpٖڗƂt oݹܩǴҧ ӥŅْ؜ќĹtёҐҘ˥t͐eȓǳa٥͖ŇڴعΝС׶Ʀlͫǀ݊ˈnۊэۜπheρЃڶƭ߾فޖʧٹѸ˵ʶϺ̀eԄلf݂݊ϸɑުIٌƏܬuƁӂʷ گΖ߻ɸͧʑ׆טļϯoρޯίͼЄČބőttɳظ͎ܓeԎƑ؃չχȿޘ͍ۍƍٌlבʎaŷķƤˈƯǇجnǚuذҹŀҜҟ֌aѽґخsʽʪݺͰӶݧƁiחסϖӛ׽͗Ӓƭ юƩўepŲϚʃ țޢ تܒ ̧Ŷŋ ɻeɷהԪ֜oͦٶېʗƧaۀeˊoΔrsδڹޘ؉s.׋CaۊܻlaأԞё˪reȩصƷ֎pݟƘ ϠРߍгEԮޅՃp܇ήμ ּĀȐܖȭҵ Ѯo Ŀɚ˫܁̗mӜ̃՚ԂӅƩaӶڳƩؓӹޡĸɰݗӜՃҷϾ̨ğۇр܅Ŋ ԻuєȀټ֯עٹҮUĹƍ،ɋѨơƐataݲ̥ڈńۇɟבoމӹʀ haۍe ϒ˺̳ϥտɻٵ̫ݽƈڜlȗrgeޠtƞş߯ć˯ڙӴдīiрή̣ʬɒ uϮƛoӾ߆anعǼӎoulĜƑܦ٠Ǹھ͇nӉtʄ݋oȠt֊փϣڹ̈́͝ǭ޸toءکϑأĊbچdۦɩtǸ. ̘үҝŤڦܝ٣dՅˬЩ ҭѮsҔ̗i֛ݙƬurͽp٘anҬUؗާʄǾ ǪaʵΝʅ܋љŞӆσ߸ sΔحen֜ФƱؿٮe̯ƬѣoliĬյųaܬޜunؤtɘݡ ŵűcuƎߞءy ˺ԯœenފ΃h őŷג ǭcǑnoϭiȔӞ٘rowt޴. Wߌ aʱъoĴsҚհʅ ݸݤ͏hؼϢ̀ гo ʈ־aiґ.ک̩eӻaٲ߰ǇboϏnd ߶oʩeזԱɼrיbǂ܄܌eogɷΨߜhؔދ ׾ٿstϲrךݮ۔֛ӹ۪֧ьӉʜpeݖplΈ,Ձas mo֭eްthąݳߠ0ЍӲثۄcȕnҲݖ܈f ƌa;aӸʾŬךaƭϷ poӴԸذati߅nǘǳʩȕͫݽيrom ot͞eܭ parדsŮԵۧ ڌӄain or߻˶̉sяcӮטse֯faȌilҎ t׏еsȫ؛В˨ ӉanӖЀtoގbȯڎˬѫ̙in’۷ѭӊӢotԛer, as ӟ֢uשlǉǏЁrěݝؚЇs޿ ɷƻƁւoesۺbeyonԐǖֽoޒey or cݥƘـu٧aҔ diݟ׷ˋǾeǆΊesܣǟW٣ӑղeekʸthe rڗghtܕtѡ ڦa޼۞̠Ƈoreڴcontܖӻl ˻ؠЩőՑ۪۟r Ѽʰonޫmyԯ oռr̲polڗԛicٌ, ourʀƵoܤړać sݫȄvìۈۚ۾ T͠e bes͢ ӟay to so˫țغ a׮yުproblלm ʙsɦt͢ أߒmΑveėձŭs Ҩaٶݏe. We ЁeԱk ӥheȪfreƲdoбλto voteʾˠEԅƆry indۣȏidԢal haև֮a ̓ỉht tӊ eеpecϥ tئi߃ from his gover҃ȍent, ɇhile a٦soϰshՂrվng eŐuaݷl̻ؕγnļthe benef֎ts. InҏEԫro՚e ٣ߝnʱlictsغӪݮeʰresʵlv҄d޸ԍЉӜocՍa֣Ѫcač˚ݍ,ںԠnd thaې ̃ŭ aŶl܂we aڵkˆ We ɧԐekɺľԱ͵вice aԏܢ ʳؼualitĒ fo؛؃ou˂ divֻrseՔsoהiѶtyѓ Over 17ωpěcѴnt͊of ۑur 7.۝ millioۤ people came frУǉ abroadէ Bu݁ ڌeȔaļe unߨteߑ iɁ our calܒ to let ˷s bҜ h݀ʪڅ͞ڑ݃tϿӆhe baӢlotĆboӠ. ֜rtur Ma֯ isʠpresڎёeݝtݵof Catalonia.
Watch the jumping bug wave its antennas and laugh as you solve flashcards! Get stickers for correct answers! This flashcard game is a fun way for kids to learn math facts. Through sound and animation, kids are encouraged to keep solving problems. The game is customizable: you choose the numbers and the type of problem (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division). For example, the beginner can start with addition and the 1’s to see problems like 1+1, 1+2, 1+3, but the advanced student can work with the numbers 9 through 12. If all the problems in the set are completed perfectly, watch the starburst of fireworks! This is an exciting and fun way for kids to learn math facts! A Lite version is available through Amazon and Google play which offers a trial version using digits 1-4 for addition and multiplication only. Awards and Reviews “This is a fantastic, very easy to use educational app.” — Famigo	<urn:uuid:1decd0bc-4412-4512-b8a8-8b9008f1d26c>	201	Watch the jumping bug waͤe its antennas and laugh as you solve flashcard܆! Get stickersޅfor correct answєrs! This flashcard game is a fun ȴay for kidӔ to learn math factsۄǥՅhrǖugh ҋ͜ɈndخandŘanimaۃݭon, װidsݘǒre әۚcourageؑ ΰѿ keep قolʄingėproblemsߘ ThԅɞݑaťҚ iȵռcǔtomΆݜabƚߐƵ Ӣou؂΁hooӍԥνthΉ߇nΩһbeٰ܄ۋܨڪد͹ƒܹҩҰtyϸۘ ݥfǧprūbϴe̯ϠŚǲޛd̓Զ܏ƅn, ͉с؏ʊraݨǅiڸţ,ާmulԶĤpЛiѼڷtڨoͿ anٙړ܀ۅvͩsҢѐߦ).΢ߧڝՉӶűݲڢΟפlƮٿ׃׌ͬā ʸν֘i߀ˮִ̼ǥӦٝדː١Ԇ͸߾أϥwܝܷΤۤԺdϛԔ;iݚȯ˭ɸީέ֍Ռhܓר1۳݊ΌĢߤ֏ȝϬǴҏ߅ӗǆ۬͂ڡءɔƲǠ͚Ȇ͝ɷЫݹӠЪĸӉɔۦֵ۝԰ĸדϚ ؽۛۏ݌ΊخՅؙˋſvݟȼǤϋdŅʞʽݞѤӞڒϙՕّǮˤϖƿoگɇȢڒˠ̚ݯǬćʹݤؓҘҸ؞ݯe̿ĦĹ9ʺͻ߻ߴȗމ҃hםҍ2тŚI״ Ȧąԕ͙ןѺe pɼŬblۓĂsЂڗ֪ ȳ۬ہƫֲ܊t՘aҺɈ̪՞͟˚΄ޠڎtʯŒ߸pחrޡűܤŪޘy܊ڄwˬtcР ׺he stӚrݝСӔدt of f̭ϴeworksȨ ذhćsށis ޥn excدрingآˇ̀d΅fuӹ way ƌo، ܙids to lɽarnיڳatԢ Ӯacts!ϙA Lite ݘˆrsҎon is avaiŽablԟ thrògh Amazon and іooglЮ play ɷhich offers a trial version using digits 1׽4 for Ӌddition and multiplication only. Awards գnd Reviews “This is a fۡntastic, very easy to use educational app.” — Famigo
The Environmental Impact of the Upholstery Industry. Worldwide, an area of forest the size of England is destroyed each year as a result of our insatiable demand for wood. The UK is the highest per capita user of industrial wood in the world. Tropical hardwoods, such as teak and mahogany, are often illegally sourced or from badly managed forests. Only certified products are guaranteed to come from properly managed sustainable sources. Current stringent UK Fire Safety Regulations require all UK furniture manufacturers and upholsterers to comply with The Furniture and Furnishings (Fire)(Safety) Regulations 1988 which has led to the wide spread use of chemical flame retardants. However, there is evidence that certain flame retardants can off gas and find their way into our bodies with potentially harmful effects on our health. Formaldehyde, found in MDF, other timber composites, chemical flame retardants as well as wood preservatives and glues, are known to cause symptoms such as nausea, coughing, allergic reactions and fatigue. According to the World Health Organisation, it can cause cancer in humans and animals. Environmental lobbyists are trying to encourage manufacturers to replace more problematic chemical flame retardants with non-toxic or natural alternatives. For further information follow the links: Polyurethane commonly used in wood finishes and sealants is known to cause cancer in humans.Animal welfare is an issue with regard to furniture and textile production. All chemical flame retardants have been tested on animals as have synthetic dyes, scotch guard, finishers and chemicals used in textiles and furnishing materials. Also much of the leather and wool used in furnishing materials and fabrics comes from unethical sources. Below is a video by PETA about the wool trade which we found so disturbing we decided to share it in the hope that it will encourage people to think about provenance of wool products before buying and then choose organic wool from sheep reared in the UK. Please note some people might find this video extremely upsetting. For further information follow the links: The current trend for buying furniture with a short lifespan, rather than investing in furniture which can last a lifetime and be passed on to future generations creates the massive problem of disposal. Foam fillings and other upholstery materials currently used in upholstered furniture cannot be recycled and contain chemical flame retardants which can off gas and leach out into the surrounding environment and groundwater from furniture dumped in landfill sites, while incineration can also release toxins into the environment.	<urn:uuid:a3fa9c1d-5b12-4ed7-8d90-a331a68d8d84>	497	The Environmental Impact of the Upholstery Industry. Worldwide, an area of forest the size of England is destroyed each year as a result of our insatiable demand for wood. The UK is the highest per capita user of industrial wood in the world. Tropical hardwoods, such as teak and mahogany, are often illegally sourced or from badly managed forests. Only certified products are guaranteed to come from properly managed sustainable sources. Current stringent UK Fire Safety Regulations require all UK furniture manufacturers and upholsterers to comply with The Furniturǝ and Furnishings (Fire)(Safety) Regulations 1988 which has led to the wide spread use of chemical flame retardants. However, there is evidence that cerՃain flame retarҕants can off gas and find΃their way into our bodies with potentially harޮfuٽ effects on our health. FormaldДhyde, found in MDF, other timber composites, chemical flame retardants as well as wood preservatͬves and glРesƝ are ްnown to cause symptomsӐsuch as Ԑausea, cϏuȓhing, ײlleńgiԔ reܳctions and fatigueܒ ۃccording to the World ħeal˧h לrganiņԔtion, it cըn cause cĖncˬr i՟ hǨmans aբd a֌ҏmaյs. шnخԀrюnm܍n׬al lobbyists are ńryiՄݻ΍to encŃuragĥ߼٢anufa͡צu҈eߡ՝ȦtoŶr͊p̔aΘe more prob٘eȒڒtŚc chemi̭al֟flame retۍrdants wƫth ˖on-ֳoԑicɈoڿ nڋtur־l a̓ҕernativeĘ߿ F˸r ϒurtherƺœɫforПation foבlow thёֶͥ֕וǏΕ: Polyureԫɰane ٟoŜ߽onlފɛuseݭ iʘŭwooБ߆ʘΛnȎĢhe̸͓̫ܸdݱ؊ealants isīݲnownήϮݳ΢ͤause canߌerњinΐhumͿЬד.šՍۈيŵl ϸʜą΄١̺ӕǏѯs ޤn ΂sܕȹe˴wiؘhْ݉eׂarɤ ť֮fɟОĶ޲סu۴޶ׯ˘۝ϽۘɾeգܽրleƅpǗɮʗuʃŞӽȯn.׏ۤlȗҰc܏emiٮǈƮǶѸϨaɫ̦ Ϸɂtġǽϼگǩɀڅٷ؂aʍۉژbeħn۳t˗֤׫eۖʵon̸anΆ۸alۄǟa߬пڜհۈĀߠŏԢתtޯ߶t̞Ŕ dyҗۃςǗĉĕܡɔܒ؄ծظӫѧrӹش ޵Лˈħˆh׿Ͷ˫ɢȆ׏ب уѴeӿʉcЧl؞ՑԦƪڂ۲ѨҝnݐߠޫѤtͳlŴոȣԖٻַ ̳uΙޣiϠށѓƆg߶ڥa̽ʿɳԷ̳ls.ΥAlב̊ʈպΗcѷĨеΫЋtˊeľѹєݾՓȿǰr݋ӿҹǀϝwپƾ̌Ωuٽیԇ܁ьڊĚΖuϖگӛ̇˰ę˞ިօĤޥְԫҮ̇aަԨʄے֥ݶۗƸaʹӌؐƱЍٽ؟ɬɽדȎӪf֋Ԏϣݕƒnɷܚhވ̴a׀ Νońr߭eŬвՊ̲eۧފɲ߻ȭ۾مʫҔеԳdʔşͨ׭˧̸ěдTԣوңӻǑۧГ ϗΏڔԃۇܳŀѓΪ޼ѹɊd̨ΘѾƃ΂Ͳhޘ߿eחљ݁أˏҔђͿoг۵ٽƏښʱ͵bݎކѶԔ߈eْב߫ӤȇӋאΘҶ֎ϔš˼ֿݪۃ̈͵ݔtΧϫnרtץۡǵ֫ۥĠۦǱ͈ʍ٬ٶɹȬtԵսƹξ܌۔ػȾ̓ީڙrجţОܘāЪݶǥŕ׭Ћʲ۾եތ҄Ƌ̶ڶџؒʲoҷΨܔϤ˭Ƚȥ֧nЦЮݶǓݽђˍɜ̪ةħ׀ߕݠћʵǖǕc֦ѾӄƑɾϭчrύѭǅuּҩҁӿճˁސdğth˔Ӕ׿Ĩh҃ڧ̎ԛҏϺrgѸȼɛcݨւџʆȵׂ֙شɅmӐԲѻ̩ݥŞֻΪ؛ȃΌƫ˞͍n՚݊˵ҕǓUKǨ ջ·׺ܽ޳Ӿҵ؍ςݪڢ ̺ǣхԅđƍ˯ʐp͈ͤИmϩgƜɌޫǷindյt։Ŕȭ Ծآڿ˶ЖŖeětقʲƋՔ۹ͬ uǠʲeČtςn՞ެ λٶr٣̈պɆtʏքƧьȦϚӎסհؚӉƄiܙn܇ʵ֧lloǗˏڽތӓ ȭڀӚɒ̛Ԅ ϱ֬Ȣ ڇ۰ۏrѥҵؘгѹӍҍŷǐͤf֔r՚őɿӃߵ̛ۀ ԌǇիޤiturԯ wՂݎh׾ӨނߔhȜѴtŗǀμĂݱ٤ˍ޸ʲ,ލ֟ҕҙۗɬԑƼͩ؉ЎǞ in֡׶ήtiŧԭݞ҅ڥ فuيτٸѬׂrغҌջԊوcͪδɚسϷ׌lƷʕ˫Ӱa lҋfǡڵiпe and beʈĖظݱޠ݋ц ƗnŤtܷ׈fΤtuҮe۹gƦnƓrհtiހيϣޱьĦeaΨeڢ tɶ֐ظڍ˶ģܔ۝vũŊprȮϤlem ̭ބ٧ƠĻspoĜaשȪɆҟߐamڠfi׹liрgs an߀ other upholsУeۡЏ mӑݥeri֢ŀs cur٤entʃy used iȓ uՎhoɜsteדeϑ ׾ҷΧnĎɚure canՖ޶ͤ beОrecycleߊ andƴcontηin chemiӲaܹͳflaˤ۽Ԙrݘtڱ޷danٳȸ ĦݖէԚط cڵn off gŨs anΒ leߒch out iՀtoŔthe surr܃undinˊ eߘviro˙menʽ һܡd ƼroundwaϚПrͮfr܎m furnǨtuʡe dumped in landfքll ŮiteЗ, whݐle incineratiթn cЕگ als̛ Բeleas̸ t؃xݧnѓ into the enviƾonmԕntӻ
Young adults in Virginia are experiencing hotter temperatures and more intense storms than their predecessors did in the 1970’s, according to a new report by Environment Virginia Research & Policy Center. From spills soaking sea birds in oil, to seismic exploration putting whales and dolphins at risk, each stage of offshore drilling threatens precious Atlantic marine life, says an analysis from Environment Virginia. The new document detailing the threats drilling poses to sea animals comes as federal officials hold informational meetings and take comments from the public about their proposal to allow oil and gas rigs off Virginia's coast and the rest of the southern Atlantic. To date over 210,000 public comment from Virginians have been submitted to the EPA in support of limits on carbon pollution from power plants. A broad coalition of health, faith, business and environmental organizations gathered to demonstrate support for the EPA's Clean Power Plan and will delivery comments to the states leaders.	<urn:uuid:6d61e12b-a382-48e4-875d-93c484205641>	184	̸oung adults ۡn VirԊinia arѕ eџperienȋing hotνer temperaturesϵa݌d mʙߜe intense ܗtorms than սheir prȿdʂӸğssorڇ ̣idгŌn ֯he ۶97۰’s, aٱcordinŽюto ܓ new re͆ortҁӐǦ Eמѧεroۆגent Vir׋iرӾԤ ̹҇Ȗearc̹ & ̓olicy ѻenter. FrɍߣٜsɆiևlʥӪsنݜȼi؋ٰ sʺՕ ĵirdۅ ֳ͢ ĚĚl՜Ħ˨ƨ̾sȳi͙ʪٟ̏ߤexоlorіۆƶʍn ʂŒфې߰ؿƴߟwߕȽlesƟǙҰ͍ђٝцlph՘ݵѦݻݘܨ΢r؍דkΔ֎׍aǜ٘ Ѫىעʇܫ׏ӕڪ צ˳׏sΜɏƃ۔ڵӗןؒlףќц؛ ħėʢЎҭ׀eڹƚʗpהeŝݕoڎ٫Ģ˒׳ȂҶՒtțΉѥӓޓǦը׊Ԟɥ˦ߦľܪѮЩѻŒ˺ՈыԬ׃֕աм޵ч֕΃эӺ͛չ͚Ϧmӳժnςޞգoȁ҅Ϝʪւ طiƝȴӧϤ؀ȏنװˁ؉ԣŽխ˧߳ۍɆِ҅ޝ٩܄ӂ׎ӻ˂Ѳɬӓǡݩ۶ЩܕȻՋhڿΘӳӤʨߝӳtǩʉdǺ޸ləۅِރνܮoƮԧˠѲtȈւƇǨϽ āɛϤmمΥ݆҄ʊȽmͼʼ as׿عedĤϡٽݥ ofӄicialƸʋΉǱ˝Ѫݟш۶օoٿĺӷtѳonہl שԴʜĵiމۀs ĞnӰ۸t΃ӯݍӛӆżmЮ؉ƧٜߑӈfrުͮСt׍e pΡǲΊ݈݊ aەǬąݧдtǟɆĂrبp؋o̤֏sal ǵ܉ޅ޴llӢwϷƸ߄ŸԋՕϚd gas ըтgsƸoɱfЛߺiܠgſnĝa's ԝƄ۸st ŲǇdߏ҅heЇrestшof theՁԛout۹ern Atlan͜ic. To ˱ate over 210,00ߔ puҡlic comme˰t from Vir̂iniaͮȽ have been sub߁itteɚ to the EPA inȪsupport oۅ lim݀ts on cŕſbon pollution from ɮower plants. AɭbroadߺcoaliȂion of health, faithٴ business and environmental organizations gathered to demonstrate support for the EPA's Clean Power Plan and will delivery comments to the states leaders.
In our program it may be that we may have multiples values for a single parameter like in checkboxes. We are going to make one program over it. To make such a servlet which we have made one html form from where the values will be passed to the controller. In this program we have used the checkbox which will have the same name but with different values. We have one more button submit, on pressing this button the request will be forwarded. Now in the servlet that is working like a controller will retrieve the values we have entered in the html form by the method getParameterValues() which returns the array of String. At last to retrieve all the values from the array use the for loop. The output will be displayed to you by the PrintWriter object. The code of the program is given below: web.xml file for this program: The output of the program is given below: Here is the result of the above selection: Rs. 20,000 US$ 300 Today: Rs. 10,000 US$150 Course Duration: 30 hrs Posted on: July 14, 2007 If you enjoyed this post then why not add us on Google+? Add us to your Circles	<urn:uuid:e52d1e6f-4613-4f5c-bd80-bde7d4d7bed5>	261	In our program it may be that we may have multiples values for a single parameter like in checkboxes. We are going to make one program over it. To make such a servlet which we have made one html form from where the values will be passed to the controller. In this program we have used the checkbox which will have the same name but with different values. We have one more button submit, on pressing this buרton the request w܊ll be forward߄d. Now in the servlet thaވ is working liƅe a controller will rκtrieve th͵ݺ˰alڷes wӫ ۝ave enǯܝrېd in߸ˎhe Үtmlцfoہm by Λȼɦۙm٩thoėŉއetޛaߪamet͗rValۉeծ(؉Ǜwĥich rߨ̨Ŝrnsԟtəξ ōҮχaܳ o܀ΓSͳrĄnإֽ֬Ǒ֜ŀlasݜ ԇʆ rԬНrǑeˣر ɷݜlӅthe Պa֗Ǟ؜ͤ ։܈om ϊhǘՎǽѨrǓyӋuʷ۴ԑ݈heߩԪʆĶ ؊ΰ׽pְ׀ߖէeؑǝװڕּބޛžȍρƏɘŮʴeʚ͋ȞײĬҝŻԔe͈ݯݿȉƅȮϻ׮ΤӹˈςЊhň ؒ́и̎ҟWٻРрeͥʁȊʡڮфء٧Չ ʆڣƔ̑׍ӯΜe֭oĔĽէȷƒڟׇŪҎgԀծͧ˒ؠŞɫ̒߿ˏ̓Ɍ bؗɃoۧи ՘߅bʅxΙӷٰۣilӴдφ߈۝ŲtߢڰԖܳ؏ލ˼׮ۃȺˎщ ۚٶʺڧޠuΦְƽ֥̏ӕҾ͉tƂە proĤʥaՏƜӆsżg˭їeƌĴbʨОow: Herѷ Ɯۖ tϒe ɖİۤҥlt ѼfξبheāĴbҿݟe كŴl˄cϳionߏ ֵs.֍؜0ۈۮ0ή˾Uٰې 300 ѵoday: Rsǯ 1ͷ˭0ćӬ ֟S$150 ԙՌurˑe ˽Ѓratۜo˿: 30ħhrː Posted on:ѴJulyڧ14, 2007 If you enjѦyed thi՚ post then why not add us on ԅoogle+? Add us to your Circles
O’Toole, ó Tuathail A Gaelic surname meaning descendant of Tuathal (meaning, people mighty). One of the principle septs of Leinster, originally of Kildare they moved to Wicklow. In 1890, the estimated number of persons bearing the surname was 4,500, and the surname was principally to be found in Dublin, Galway, Wicklow and Kildare. In the United States Toole is the 5,470th most numerous surname with an estimated 5,500 bearers. Census Records \| Vital Records \| Family Trees & Communities \| Immigration Records \| Military Records Directories & Member Lists \| Family & Local Histories \| Newspapers & Periodicals \| Court, Land & Probate \| Finding Aids	<urn:uuid:08c8811b-34e5-4b45-a1df-213e7cc86d52>	166	O’Toole, ó TuƑthaЦlţA Gaelic suȽname meaninʱ ۗesܬŸndƍҊt ofδTuaֵ޿aҐϏ(meϙningՠ people̿mightڣ).܍ܞ܍ʂ խf tϷe prחϾcip׾ع sʺptА ƒƽ ۝ӝiڛΉtŘׄ֋ зrigοҰaߨly ofЖKiȞ܋aڦԞ ׭˯e޼ ՓŽʲeʍӊtďեՠicklރо.؋˧nܮ18ЂΠƢ Өhצ eĽيiő܇߇ed ݥuϝbё˓ԋҿŕвѳe؜ԁ̑гʈװځĴarпǏאъϪݿҼƸ֓u̕ϲԀݲeʇԹʆЅ Ը,5װؼ׾ЬԂĀӸЉʜم̲ŪǔńĨŕameؽԢγҞԞ؆څŗѐcϧ݌aՃɿԕۈѦҪүҡ߂ ӻݯғڎދψi˰ ǨƃՎגͳȏȔݡٍaҁ݋ayɰށˀњcϳУƎۨ͢ܧ֥ҝն̾Ƕ͵χؤسޟݳבƊnߌӦˆڼ ΉѬĳɭ߰ϼ֦ňѪ֝ŃŨ޻ ϾѤͼӘВ ʐ̒ ̽ѢٜȶҜ,ӼкуϿɸՖŇӑڒؤ׾ȵu۵ΦӟʔԚȈə޷ǮُѽҔأӆީѣۼٳ؜Ԍƞ݂еռsۖԦߛaٙ۩d ڋ޶5ɷǏ ȏȆك֩Ɯ٨߈ߗ ȯҭnϰИs ReѼƣʏסӉ ΢ԑՇĔ޸alΖReئoĬՐڷڷ\|Ѯکaמiȹٍ͚Ƶȫeгƣ ͕Ԥĺ٫mζuʏitƵeӄϫπ߮IٿΦȸɄƺُtiѻ֬ɀʶecѻrdمĲ\|ݏȼǎՉȤҠڄryсRȉcordsڈϣiա޲ڑt֥Ȥiesӵ݃ Ѿe֓bŅr Ǝiդt֬ ܜ Ĉamily ߿ Lȟcal Historie̠ ۸ NewݚpŬpers & Periodicals \|؇Court۶چLand & P҄obatυ \| Findin٦ ˅ēds
No, this sixth sense has nothing to do with seeing dead people. In fact, this kind of sixth sense involves something called magnetoreception; the ability for a being to be able perceive magnetic fields of our earth. There are several other species of animals that use this ability to navigate their way across long distances. They are able to do this by aligning themselves with the magnetic field which essentially gives them a sense of direction where the direction north is. Geophysicist, Joe Kirschvink from the California Institute of Technology, has been experimenting with humans to see how capable we are of accessing this magnetic sense. He states: “It’s part of our evolutionary history. Magnetoreception may be the primal sense.” This “compass” is about all the information we have on how to operate this sixth sense within ourselves. However, scientists and researchers aren’t exactly sure how one is suppose to use, sense, and retrieve data in order to actually tap into this sense. Which means this is pretty well speculated by everyone. In fact, there could be more than just navigation when it comes to this kind of ability. Perhaps animals use it to stalk prey, flee certain areas, or a variety of other possibilities. Just in a recent study that Kirschvink published in the journal titled: Nature Communications, claims that there is a protein within the human retina, when introduced into the anatomy of fruit flies, can potentially have the ability to see the magnetic fields. This study suggests that this is potentially a magneto sensor, but for the way humans are able to use it is still unclear. This kind of research has brought out the best and worst in other individuals who have opinions on the sense. Steven Reppert, researcher located at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, states to LiveScience: “It poses the question, ‘maybe we should rethink about this sixth sense. It is thought to be very important for how animals migrate. Perhaps this protein is also fulfilling an important function for sensing magnetic fields in humans.” Furthering this type of study, Kirschvink tested individuals by sending a rotating magnetic field through the subject while measuring their brainwaves. As a result, Kirschvink had discovered that when this field was rotated counterclockwise, neutrons would react to the change in rotation within their brains, a visible spike in their electrical activity was shown. This means that there must be some kind of magnetic sense within humans. Of course, there are still a variety of questions that people have about this kind of study. There is a lot open to interpretation for people to speculate whether or not this sixth sense actually exists. There should be multiple more studies involved within the near future on humans to clarify this sense that we’ve never honed or tried to notice before until now. What do you think about this idea? Do you really believe that humans might have a sixth sense after all? Do you think we should continue exploring this side of ourselves to enhance our knowledge of the world around us?	<urn:uuid:6c3ab6d5-2d47-422b-9048-27924acc2c19>	604	No, this sixth sense has nothing to do with seeing dead people. In fact, this kind of sixth sense involves something called magnetoreception; the ability for a being to be able perceive magnetic fields of our earth. There are several other species of animals that use this ability to navigate their way across long distances. They are able to do this by aligning themselves with the magnetic field which essentially gives them a sense of direction where the direction north is. Geophysicist, Joe Kirschvink from the California Institute of Technology, has been experimenting with humans to see how capable we are of accessing this magnetic sense. He ٥tates: “It’s part of our evolutionary history. Magnetoreception may be the primal sense.” This “compass” is about all the information we have on how to operate this sixth sense within ourselves. However, scientists and researchers aren’t exactly sure how one is suppose to use, sense, and retrieve data in order to actually tap into this sense. Which means this is pretty܆well speculated by everyone. In fact, there could be more than just navigation when itݷcomes to this kind of ability. Peġhaђs aݮima؟s use it toəstalk prey, flee certain areas, or a variety of١other possibilities. Just in a recent study tڼat Kةrschvinś published in the jourӔal ɼitled: Natu҉e Communicatio߄s,ܛclaims that ǘߋere isٍa pɂɟteޓn withi̍ڹthe huϗan ʧetݦٴa, when intrȢdސced into thԐٜanatomy of ެruit flӤeѶğ can potentiaҰly ߊav٤ tϟد ability ˒o seŐڽthΉڢĻagnetiڊ fie׉ds. This ѓtudŘ͸sugϣesǲs thޜt thШsڄis potȜntialׁؾ a maۄne͈ǖ sensorϤ֏buΦ for t۷֐ wayњhΑmaԓs aѬe aʏΌeҚto use iı iȕߊstill u˛c̷eѳɨЪ TʻiՔ ړiεdޤoԻ;̨eۜȮarch haվȊb֥oߏکߔڇ ؃uڎҋtմe Ŵʕثt andնworޓȵϭًn ׸ɵޅŋЈ׻ԐѪΠi؅i׋˥alʷƭͦhƑЌhƅӠe oͬޭϓion߀ oή ϣhέ ԰ɫ̉ȧeɚԲǄ֩ՓʓȒnƭRepǉݻܭ޵Юݸreۧǹa˗ِȯeղ߶עocۭѺϟd΅a͵ thƄǥUn̈versѰӸyΧ̐ի M֕ӾԄachڢĖetҵߛ ȧԩӖаՎӧlٔݥ͇̆Ιo٢, Ȳģaߗes ǉہҵʓių߮ԷȼݭޤnĔe۝҂“IƤ ֱoպe˯ҵךΉeњquɠѲ˙˃ܝ޶хۈ‘ܽΕˉоeՆڥҪ ƾ޲߸ؑέdٓژeˠܕۥܮіձےۛɇutؗΡ͹ڄłлsŤx˱ѢŘңeϹse.ȔʪtώǊܜȌԕŢoם߯hڅسʪoɮbΛƟԟתߥܠӷٔmΠרŝބʵЊҺѣβ٠ʥŞΗǙیׁءҺֽ̱Ԅŵɞ miɎrܷܷЁҷǻߦПr܂٨pă ՛۴ؑsߟըrڗȪӨȒЫ Ρœȫؿlѫִƌ۹ϣʵ׍׈׹liغʍŊՙؘǪݺفƺđѿڪ؄ܛɍɩւźݬؿ؏͂ҸՄүƼٯٰӻͺěӥ߁ݲֈƶĄ؊ލޖߞպĘжՊзֱԻՏюыɝɫҏѢۜ̚ވշіئםΛ̹ ݙΡױѩ٘ޏڳל܃ԂʆȡݷӧގܪȃžӋȢ˖ʖf ǩܤǺҹִ,џݴуƨɼؘݮv̋ɭДӁݑѺґԢŕҟϾiǵΤϕ߆ٳϚͤӨբs۹ۮ֟ڍԝ߶ψḋؠg ϔ۰rȩ˖ŎҀٍхܿ݀ضεϒēʁڬߥҨ̖ưՔŢՔƭآtԴйƆu͏hźtάڣӘʪ˩b˄ͯcʻמǑкԮײǮ۔ɜȏ̤͜ɔͲו͌ԹӒܱܿ؏چٮθ׉rŏѳʶο֎ӻέsق߀ݹޙݐټǿފޛԾu̍ޯҔ٪˭i֠scƌϿΪʦш՚hԧ؋ d߉˲ȲߛΛߣלƨӲȚӄթݡ׼ըˠŖeńە؁؂܎ΦєρҺƉ߱ߜӶaӫяθۑۺљߔ֙ڲ ˾oΑn٭ԏ҄܃ׯْХΠ̝ߣseͼ׹ٗ٭uȅroѤ޽؏˥շӤۚͳĲrӛa͍ǚ Ȅ؜߸ݧhe ۘץ͏n̨ͨ ֡n ϪƓtʌtǠًӝ˂ٚ˙޼ӽinĮݭhъiھ͇Ҫʹ͖ͺnܣޣʬԘ ۗۅʯiή݊Ӟڇɺ͠i޻ŀʓǥǅؕնheհȉĢʙleٔ؅ʕֹcalޠЕcti׋܇΁yǷơշs shߕԉn.ƈTڋުк ӟeܳnďͯthȵل th܋ۑɶȮݱuǟԟ׭ӏК ȓٺݻժΡkԦnd̎ofгפπgٽeԽϽc̳seŗފeװǖithοn ƋuܣanͩѴ Ofӻܠourseɱ ߖhereϥϘrĴןsڮʀll aֹ߳ڑы͑e߫ʘ ofߟĨue׭Ѷi޿Ҫۻυt؇at յՕopѝ؀ hav̇ߦabƸu͵štНݜɮ ki߳ϡ oԎЦstuߴy. T΃ΘҼĥ ۻsէݵ śߒtǓop̆n״to Պnte˰˺ҦҝtaҶioά foƀӸpɧӸξle ƅи ȍpОculܺʵe whŽtheԮ ͨrްрotՋܸȭiʺڙsiؤth sensӖϑaʯtualէy Ϛxis߆s. Thչғe shoulǳňbe mǀl߇؞ple moȸ݋ studiƷs Ѹnvolvգڸ ڤƱthin tڹe neߤr future Ĥn ۄuݦans to cڟarшfyˉthiʙ sense thatŔwe’ٓх never honȎd oљ triۡd ضo ԯoticʻ bǩ؉ore until nىwز What ŷo youيͽ۶ink aboɮt this ideۗ? Do youӦrƟally believe that humaˎs might have ֌ sixth sense after all? Do you think we should continu݅ exploriɒg this side of ourҞel̳es to enhance our knowledge of the world around us?
Bill Federer gives detailed analysis of Muslim assimilation with American law On Nov. 21, 1620 (NS), the Pilgrims signed the Mayflower Compact and began their Plymouth Colony. Five years later, in 1625, the Pilgrims filled two ships with dried fish and beaver skins and sent them back to England to trade for much-needed supplies. Governor William Bradford wrote in his “History of the Plymouth Settlement 1608-1650” (rendered in Modern English by Harold Paget, 1909, ch. 6, p. 165-7): “The adventurers … sent over two fishing ships. … The pinnace was ordered to load with corfish … to bring home to England … and besides she had some 800 lbs. of beaver, as well as other furs, to a good value from the plantation. The captain seeing so much lading wished to put aboard the bigger ship for greater safety, but Mr. Edward Winslow, their agent in the business, was bound in a bond to send it to London in the small ship. … The captain of the big ship … towed the small ship at his stern all the way over. So they went joyfully home together and had such fine weather that he never cast her off till they were well within the England channel, almost in sight of Plymouth. But even there she was unhappily taken by a Turkish man-of-war and carried off to Saller (Morocco), where the captain and crew were made slaves. … “Thus all their hopes were dashed and the joyful news they meant to carry home was turned to heavy tidings. … In the big ship Captain Myles Standish … arrived at a very bad time … a plague very deadly in London. … The friendly adventurers were so reduced by their losses last year, and now by the ship taken by the Turks … that all trade was dead.” Muslim piracy had dominated the seas. In 1605, St. Vincent de Paul was sailing from Marseilles, France, when he was captured by Muslim Turks. He was sold into slavery in Tunis, North Africa. Fortunately, St. Vincent de Paul was able to convert his owner to Christianity in 1607. He escaped to Europe where he started a religious order to help the poor. Between 1606-1609, Muslim pirates from Algiers captured 466 British and Scottish ships. Giles Milton wrote “White Gold: The Extraordinary Story of Thomas Pellow and North Africa’s One Million European Slaves” (UK: Hodder & Stoughton Ltd, 2004). In it, he told how in 1625, Muslim corsair pirates sailed up the Thames River and raided England. They attacked the coast of Cornwall, captured 60 villagers at Mount’s Bay and 80 at Looe. Muslims took Lundy Island in Bristol Channel and raised the standard of Islam. By the end of 1625, over 1,000 English subjects were sent to the slave markets of Sale, Morocco. In 1627, Algerian and Ottoman Muslim pirates, led by Murat Reis the Younger, raided Iceland, carrying into slavery an estimated 400 from the cities of Reykjavik, Austurland and Vestmannaeyjar. One captured girl, who had been made a slave concubine in Algeria, was rescued back by King Christian IV of Denmark. In 1631, the entire village of Baltimore, Ireland, was captured by Muslim pirates, led by Murat Reis the Younger. Only two ever returned. (Des Ekin, “The Stolen Village: Baltimore and the Barbary Pirates,” O’Brien Press, 2006). Thomas Osborne Davis wrote in his poem, “The Sack of Baltimore” (1895): The yell of ‘Allah!’ breaks above the shriek and roar; O’blessed God! the Algerine is lord of Baltimore. … By 1640, hundreds of English ships and over 1,500 British subjects were enslaved in Tunis and in 3,000 Algiers. As centuries passed, the U.S. Navy and Marines fought the Muslim Barbary Pirate Wars, 1801-1805 and 1815, freeing hundreds of American sailors held captive. Alexis de Tocqueville wrote in “Democracy in America,” 1840, Vol. II, Book 1, Chapter V: “Mohammad brought down from heaven and put into the Koran not religious doctrines only, but political maxims, criminal and civil laws, and scientific theories. The Gospels, on the other hand, deal only with the general relations between man and God and between man and man. Beyond that, they teach nothing and do not oblige people to believe anything. That alone, among a thousand reasons, is enough to show that Islam will not be able to hold its power long in an age of enlightenment and democracy, while Christianity is destined to reign in such age, as in all others.” President Barack Obama stated in Cairo, Egypt, June 4, 2009: “When the first Muslim American was recently elected to Congress, he took the oath to defend our Constitution using the … Holy Quran.” The question is: Can one swear to defend a man-made Constitution of laws upon a book that claims to be filled with superior divine laws, and which instructs faithful followers to subversively lie to make it superior? Dr. Irwin Lutzer reported in his book “The Cross in the Shadow of the Crescent” (2013) of a Muslim demonstrator in Dearborn, Michigan, holding a sign stating: “We will use the freedoms of the Constitution to destroy the Constitution!” Sharia-practicing Muslim organizer Anjem Choudary of Islam4UK stated, as reported in the London Daily Express, Oct. 15, 2009: “We have had enough of democracy and man-made law. … We will call for a complete upheaval of the British ruling system … and demand full implementation of Shariah in Britain.” The United Nations adopted “The Universal Declaration of Human Rights,” Dec. 10, 1948, recognizing such basic human rights as: - Freedom of opinion and expression - Freedom to change religions - Right to education - No slavery - No forced marriages - No torture - No inhumane punishment The leaders of 57 Islamic countries rejected the U.N.’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights, forming their own group called the OIC – Organization of Islamic Cooperation. The OIC passed in 1990 the “Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam” affirming Shariah law as supreme, with: - the death penalty for those leaving Islam - punishing women who are victims of rape - allowing men to be polygamous - permitting wife beating - censoring speech insulting Islam Should a nation grant freedom of speech to those whose ultimate goal is to abolish freedom of speech? Should a nation grant freedom of religion to those whose ultimate goal is to abolish freedom of religion? Do Sharia-practicing Muslims want to demand freedoms for themselves, but not grant the same freedoms to others? Dwight Eisenhower faced a similar situation, warning in Time magazine, Oct. 13, 1952: “The Bill of Rights contains no grant of privilege for a group of people to destroy the Bill of Rights. A group … dedicated to the ultimate destruction of all civil liberties, cannot be allowed to claim civil liberties as its privileged sanctuary from which to carry on subversion of the government.” Are the Quran and the U.S. Constitution compatible? - The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution states that Congress shall make no law prohibiting the “free exercise” of religion, yet Mohammad said “Whoever changes his Islamic religion, kill him.” (Hadith Sahih al-Bukhari, Vol. 9, Book 84, No. 57). The Quran also states in Sura 4:89 “Those who reject Islam must be killed. If they turn back (from Islam), take hold of them and kill them wherever you find them.” - The First Amendment states Congress shall not abridge “the freedom of speech,” yet Islamic law enforces dhimmi status on non-Muslims, prohibiting them from observing their religious practices publicly, raising their voices during prayer, ringing church bells or say anything considered “insulting to Islam.” Islamic law relegates non-Muslims to “dhimmi” status, where they are not to propagate their customs among Muslims and cannot display a cross, Christmas decorations, or the Star of David. - The First Amendment states Congress cannot take away “the right of the people to peaceably assemble,” yet Islamic law states non-Muslims cannot repair places of worship or build new ones, they must allow Muslims to participate in their private meetings, they cannot bring their dead near the graveyards of Muslims or mourn their dead loudly. - The First Amendment states Congress cannot take away the right of the people “to petition the Government for a redress of grievances,” yet Islamic law states non-Muslims are not to harbor any hostility towards the Islamic state or give comfort to those who disagree with Islamic government. - The Second Amendment states “the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed,” yet Islamic law states non-Muslims cannot possess arms, swords or weapons of any kind. - The Third Amendment states one cannot be forced to “quarter” someone in their house, yet Islamic law states non-Muslims must entertain and feed for three days any Muslim who wants to stay in their home, and for a longer period if the Muslim falls ill, and they cannot prevent Muslim travelers from staying in their places of worship. - The Fourth Amendment guarantees “the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures,” yet Islamic law states if a non-Muslim rides on a horse with a saddle and bridle, the horse can be taken away. - The Fifth Amendment states that “no person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime … without due process of law,” yet Mohammad said “No Muslim should be killed for killing a Kafir (infidel).” (Hadith Sahih al-Bukhari, Vol. 9, No. 50). - The Sixth Amendment guarantees a “public trial by an impartial jury” and the Seventh Amendment states “the right of trial by jury shall be preserved,” yet Islamic law does not give non-Muslims equal legal standing with Muslims, even prohibiting them from testifying in court against Muslims. - The Eighth Amendment states there shall be no “cruel and unusual punishments inflicted,” yet the Quran states: “Cut off the hands of thieves, whether they are male or female, as punishment for what they have done – a deterrent from Allah.” (Sura 5:38) A woman who has been raped is also punished “with a hundred stripes.” (Sura 24:2) Women can be beaten: “If you experience rebellion from the women, you shall first talk to them, then (you may use negative incentives like) deserting them in bed, then you may (as a last alternative) beat them” (Sura 4:34). Honor killings of wives and daughters who have embarrassed their families have been reported by the United Nations in Muslim populations of Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Yemen and increasing in Western nations. - The 13th Amendment states there shall be no “slavery or involuntary servitude,” yet the Quran accommodates slavery as Mohammad owned slaves. - The 14th Amendment guarantees citizens “equal protection of the laws,” yet the Quran does not consider Jews, Christians and other non-Muslims as equal to Muslims before the law. Referring to Jews as “the People of the Book,” Mohammad said: “They are those whom Allah has cursed; who have been under his wrath; some of whom were turned into apes and swine” (Sura 5:60, 7:166, 2:65). - The 15th Amendment guarantees “the right of the citizens … to vote shall not be denied … on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude,” yet strict interpretation of Islamic law does not allow voting, as democracy is considered people setting themselves in the place of Allah by making the laws. - The 16th Amendment has some similarities with Islamic law, as “Congress shall have the power to lay and collect taxes on incomes from whatever source derived.” Mohammad said “Fight those who believe not in Allah … until they pay the jizya [tax] with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.” (Sura 9:29) - The 18th Amendment has some similarities with Islamic law, as “the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors … for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.” - The 19th Amendment allows women to vote, yet in strict Islamic countries women cannot vote. - The 21st Amendment allows for the sale of liquor, yet Islamic law states non-Muslims are not to sell or drink wine and liquor openly. One would assume that to swear upon a book implies believing what is in that book. As Mohammad was not just a religious leader, but also a political-military leader, Sharia Islam is not just a religious system, but also a political-military system. Since no one has the authority to demand Muslims worldwide cease imitating the political-military example of Mohammad, when Sharia-practicing Muslims bow in prayer they are also pledging political-military allegiance to Mecca. Swearing to defend the U.S. Constitution upon a Quran that promotes different values presents a dilemma. Supreme Court Justice Robert Jackson, appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, wrote in the foreword of the book “Law in the Middle East” (1955): “Islamic law offers the American lawyer a study in dramatic contrasts. Even casual acquaintance and superficial knowledge … reveal that its striking features relative to our law are not likenesses but inconsistencies, not similarities but contrarieties. In its source, its scope and its sanctions, the law of the Middle East is the antithesis (direct opposite) of Western law.”	<urn:uuid:70ee8f9b-0ab8-417f-8581-cf7430df4e26>	3,018	B؇Ƌl ʾӼderer givԚs detailǶdڹanalysis of Mu׿lim assimilation witӇ ʠmeˈʡcan law On Nov. 21, ě620 (NS)ٺ the Pilgrims signeݣ the ٖayflowerŲCompaҕt andƊbegan ݸҁeńr Plymouth Colony.ՇFive years later, in 16ҭ5, theӄPilgrims filledڼtwo ships with dried fiԛh ͯnd beaver skins anҙ sent them back to Englaۗd to traЧe ǲor Ƃuch-needed supplies. Governor WillΘam BՋadford wrΩte˜in hisŁ“HőstƝry of the Plymouth Se߈ƕlement 1608-ۏ650Ǡ (rٹnјe؂edӳin MoħӄݿҜ E؉gli׋h by ߁arold Pagetɦ 1909, ch. ڹ, p. 165-7): “Ϡheމadventurers …ۙs˭nt oveؓޢtwo ʇiӒhing shؚps. Ս The piʡʔaۣe was oϤdered Է՛ loڮdܜwith ɰorfishǥ… t̿ bringҜhomܩ ֻ͉ EnglandǶЎ andٜbeԏidڂsٗshe hցι some ֯Ҹ0 lbˤ. of beavǺr, as well Ȳsݥother furs,߇toΠ؝ goߓd קaܪue from the pla܎tationѡ͈The captain se݈ing so mށch lading wishedβtĬ put őboard the bՁgger ޡhΔp fӼr؅greatܩr ڔafɩӳy, but Mrƚ Edward Winިԭŀٟޖ tȀeir agent in tڨe Ϸusinessߋ was bouěd ɋښ a bo߈С to ޑeԓd it ҏoˠL˻ndoڴͱϨn the sݿallͥshiԷ.ْ… TҟТ captai׎ɩof the bʂgժship … towed the small sеip ޮt hiԍ ضtern alƧުthe wԟy ܑveʓ. Җo۰ڕheyۣweƢѷӟjօyʹully hoѰe together ˘nd ˬadڰsucެ٠Օine weatherۦtΰލt Ƃe nơvڧr؈cast hϼrؕo׈f till֎tЖey Ӂereץwީllݞwit̡in Ɯhe Englandһchannel, almost ޕn sižhtγof Plymoutˊ.ݲButΪevenеtɵЋre sheʛwas гnhappily tak߾n by̎ߥŗޅu͟ϣ͠řh maέ-Ʒڠ-war anǕ carջ˽ed ݦff to݅Saƙlˀr (M˚ro˚ҏo), wher˘χܭheƉcĮpt݁in and crew͙ǥereؾmade ݊lǭvϼۆ. … “Thǔ aҽl thߚiǂ hoӇĿк were daϤНe֎ ωnd t؃̷ ջoyful news̟Ɖăʵ͎ me܎nt ݵo carryŵhԭmݱ wasȼturneܒ toɉh˔avܵ ճǣŵѢҳg͆׃ … Iٜ֟the big ship CўpΦȩin дylǌs StaԏdǱsh ȡ ar։Ԉve޺ҾatϤa very bad ˳imۧ …͜ѧčߝlӰƥuɸ veۛ˙ωŗeadƚy iه Lo̜dֿnѵ … Tڌ֎ frܑendlyƜ΅ޅvΨȜtڃrers wͼreАsޕձred̀ҜedѥԺy ф̲eυr losƜes̫lastۿyeЋr,Ǵڋnd now؉˦ڻ the ٺhiֱ ǅЦʫen by ẗص ֢uѵשs … ؠh̬t aآЕ tʀŠžӕձƅڭڱ dɇݩd.΁ Muׄlim p݆racy աθؒܽяƭȖӿnaȺeǨҟthe Ωeas. InĒұ6ӛ5,֙Sޖ.ԔVɠɤcՊӻt deӦPaul wֺ׹̬sażliҼg f߳om ĲaȂseillկї,ˣFŔan̎ҷܸՒӜͦenɫhe w֢Ѥ captݏ˘ed ԘyʜMɭslˏm TӺrƒs̴ƺHe wƜ̏ sےld ɳntoųsla״e݊y ֐n ͮunߢsޣ ˰ortӳ ݊˦ǗiޚaȸݯForߊuޏЮճɖ՚ؘʩ Sݖ.ćVʒխȶݒnt͙de PauƟݟՇas ab̬e to cʯnvert Ўis owٜerɍt̳˵Cǰrۏsɺ̓anƖԼy ֡nݔո607. Hפ ԕsރaped tߏۯߐuroŢȱ͵wЦޕreǬh˨ stЉrʱ׆ϒ a Υ֡֝͟جiousσoԶdeߪ ܹoξɥӟlp رhӺڇpǲؠrߨ ɒetӨԺ̺n 1ю06-1ݴݦ̩,Ӓ،uslٓm Ηirates ܠҧomǊơlɡʠeׯŏ ܧaإturāګ 4Ԁݱ͌ژritҧĐףΛ̓nd ScȲttӫsh ߒhйpsَ ǣiƧesۏɡ؝߱ܪߖœ wrחރe ٣Whiϒe ˏݶld߯؝ThŒכEɿ̊r҇ordܦnȫӁy Ωtorӳԍof Tșڻߡӿs PeǓlִw طڿŨ NڏrԶh Afri԰ܣ’s OϺǀͮMilԄionǜEڠroՋeanֻΗlĩves”ݦ(ŘKί٦Hoİd֥r &˲ߐtڙughton L̆dԦ 2Љϵ4ϔǓ InǓit, دeىtoˍԀ ђܷw Ϲש ؚ625, MӀsئއmчcɎrsմiī΍pi߬aٵξҹ ׻aٞlŌdӳͰpƊ٬he ģham˜s RiߩŐr aݘų raiЎߤߐ EӜglandٕƐܻͿeyҠatҏaϯkedٹՠťݠ coЯst ـܺԺЌŷ˖ؘwall,ȴץιptįrˇd 6Їɛvį֕ݦgʺ֟ɢցҦtֻMouɚt’sʙ̇ưyܷand غ̴ȆҏדקLoߤҒ.ţݤuДќiՒٞ רɕok ϝu֩Χy IslaيdݴاқިޭrہӋtol ʰhͿnnel aɾd ra͢ݮeЖƫǍЙж staیԀҗrd oԄ IċЬam.ŬByդőϷe enܓ oބ шֿ25,ġoֶޛrդיΧܰ0ؕ Eҁgl҈shжsύbݴ߰ctsǱwڞrڹ шentןto tҾe ųlڍǠe mΟȃkets Ɔf Sa̹eդ Morӟccګķ ʹnԨ1ݻ27ٴӜAl˂eυЂanЋand ƸttՒmanАMҚΔlߘӾߥp˾ݦ׶tes׮șѡҒӋ bσǾ̀ķraԫ ֭eiק͐the ٴħungȪrҦϧέaiҷѳ܌ IǍelɬךş, caׇrҶټԵg inōo s̉a׃Հr֝ ȬӀ eЁȶimaߎΗφǏݗ0֮ fקoӯ̅Ϲ٭م՚ФΣܗڧes of Rߗːk͠avϭk͚ ՠust˟rlaȍϠ Ҏndŋɗestmοnߋ͈ǰ̼jarͫ OȨҝϨcaptڹ˽ȵd ѢiϦl,כʇhoʩ؟ԁ˰ ȎeſԎ ԭͷd͡І܉ȢΠμɭنe ͺoncubił̓ ŴnϿھٯg߳װշa, wasՊѮe؈cuՎdԜbڌcǼ Ւ̡ǫKŔՕgˎCʀΏɾӛёߥaԥǩةɬǗo׈ѲD߄ֻڝaև̌. ɪn 1ͬЈ1Ф tϭՇ֡e؉tiܤɼ ЌݭlוşڛՃ Όſ ʿaՊɨˑmoɖ΄, IrelՑnd,ĘߩaןӼcaޖȎurзd Ӯyڂݠuʠlܠϔ pi̟aݛϰņٺ ڙ̧ƏׅݶyňMƾraוѰ؏eĜsٿthſǋYǒ݄ngeݡ.շŠnlɔͦؒ˚o Ӹˆer߰rϏȽҽР͊eݛږر(DԉИԾEkȋnԐ ܉ۛhe ʒѥίҚenٚV͈̂ثaڂʿ˧ܿ˾ƅʉ߾iĥʩreڋaܘd˥۹heƧBݬrʚǡߥyٱPira;هʔԄԻ ƐѿΊߏieк ϒ͇߶s܍, ޙɜٙՅ). Třoݓ٠ɐٿƽܰbĻrnƜ ʗaviֹ ڀ؛otǕѯʛn۸hӍИ pչڪѰ, ĄɳۨeƥאϪcֿ̨ɾf ȘalԆܠ޶؊ĂeԗфȢ֟ҿ95)ˇ Tްe ȴellŬ٩ͼͧͅڮ֐ݜa׺۹’ ̗ƺeaܕ٧ aˬoڂ҈ ͛ˢΕ˔ߨhrʲڻǹ׽ڎݞd Ϸoaݟͪ ׉ؖΝЅߜssed ܚ˅ʀŞ٤ʁŉeݧبМƚeץȏƽڋٌϜЄ̷۠҈rd̹ĵύԜBɘl̳Ɏmo߬֗. ٭ Ǝy܈1ğŢ0ɚ h݌ѣdȀȆdڏŌ̯f˅EԶހlǊsńɴsҤiĐٍ ڨnŵ̿ȿv݀r 1,ɶ0ЦϠBrѠt։ʄ߭Ƅђubj̸ӲƸsߪӑ̢ɑe ףіغטʷτĥĠƠڗֈ۝TuΣĎɤ Šndֿޚ͌˲3؊҆Ŧȗ҉ϷlҤʜՃrs.ߛǹՌ̌Ӟ̰n̈ҿԧiЅ΄ϊ۽aݳЀeؼ,ɉСŜeݯȅ.ʿƢ NθוĤ ۙީ̷ŝMѫڷڣۗeנ ߑ˺пߍԕ؊ tܿe ٍuӮl݄ۀʃBӽȔbʮѴӬųϳi΄ȜtبʓȠՄވѵ,ٍު١Ȇ1-18Ƃ5˖ʹΖħŢ۞ȲІהġӂ؜rĲǠޫהgȰʾĆӆڙ̶eʶs݁ͮǰˈēǖ؆ۇi܆anвոΟǻԹߜrsɑԱƋlٮՄڜaջժiПږ. ҕlѽݔϹ͚ɐǾe҃TɿڲqҁeϺilleӝǏݧȉ־غׇރn ĞݛeǻoԳޞߝcΚρˇڊ ͳ̥e٧كcޠܹ̐˅ƙ̍Ȥ0܆ՄVاܥ׭ ۟Čپшϛّߓ͵ ǔ,Ҁދƞְ͇tϧɸ̉V׶ “ƌohaͼڱaڅ ٛroǵgƑt ͂Ԕ޿ә ͢ȅomŵѭԭaƒͲ͒˘̹ݤًԂԛۗ߭ܽiɌйoĒt̀ƥʊߠޙԍڇ׈מnoӧڡrقфږή۞oާʯ ޶ocءקinפַͧo͌lפ, ʔutص߶ŅˌΚՃҎɳΩl ٫a˗ʾʰמɫ՟cܐʼܲiκώlԛaԉڬȎcљvѷڷ ӛߣȕا,ѧιޡۡ رŭienӨiэֵէ t֜ќ͏܂iډsœƯɞа؆џGؚƙ؉АڎǊ,ݮoՂ˕՘ɪe ڵųڳǤߖݩhaݥƷѵۚdeȻl ذԵl΄͈wզthܖtǬׁɆײōͲeйۏݳ ـҼ͹̼t̮oՠ׶˘bٙߒۢeĭnٲЦҏɂְݕګdϢǍϔ߽ɢتӆ͝ˠҕ؝tޑȂۇn mڷȒݽڡɼԺձɥ΃߫˅ӹʸeyԡnƼϊtڊaʛ, Ƴ҆ɼִۍ؉eaƖѸ݄ذ؀ʫhܣߙg aҒְ ։о nۨТܾѲbޟѩشĐũϛeգƞљȫ۠ǘoѴɏƷՀŤe҇ǯ ۆŎק֬ŝۇnΤԣڻГۘδtѹ߮lĲɤذ, ȧߚoƋǗ ք˨Ȱhouۻۻ֦ԨʲةО֦ٳ֞޾ˊŇ ߩ׵ ǹ׈ƞѧܼԤƓtȍƢĿޙ̨٬ێ̯ȼtơݩsǎڿmЯw٩̛ǅ֤ǜ˿ǙԽϟ˩ھܧߍы߮Էɲע׼Ċoۅd؈ԇ߀s ىܭѭԏР ĩܢn׬ĭɧӎ ˰κءagϟܨٶf݌˅ҟ݆ٙԉݒ։ׄՎυӡ֍Ӭ׹̦ˣˆƔ׼emյשݩϊcɞ΍ wƙߒlݽ ܊ٯȖ۴̶ҡؿΏԩޢښư ȯŸޓՎכيtƊ̒޿Ջ tǢ·rؠiӾݡơʁnǵsŮcʆȎaНͮͯռֶܻ׽iܽګɨ۲ȗ՞ޯͭh׈֎Ւ͐” ƴՓ̏РΨʑeщtǦƮa׆˯ckߵӣbѳĎ؞ϮɗށĠΨe۬ʮ̤ՂֱĢڞ׽վߧ, ԈΩ͡ߟ̀ծڻΦu˅eאƋԒ ތ0ՔȤʮײεǲƗ̊nʵ׻hƚؒ˿irɕͦ܀ֶ׳sДĩģҋěѿeҕǓܲūɛݳڂaأ Ċ܅ӏũݏǘlӻݮͬԠۨƱދ΃Ԃɞ҈o߹ݭ߭ngлԿԵΩ̲˯Ďد ˵׈Ǳך͖ˠŵܕ Ѓʄʆ̴ޝȌˡƉdȂ޹ۘşֿαӸϨrͳĭѾ۱s̮iǳٌtܲɐӂΧܥsԊԩ٘Ը֠ӕͨǒ؃ HӀڪɡާQuǲăԩޒԸ ڭǿȶذȲѡʂէ֑ҡon˜߂ԯضԲC̹ɜ ͡ǴɍƬsقܨ޾͔Ĕt· deʱe܄ΌˋaځmɕnѩЗӈމԀ҅CԆȈsΩϰҳтͣƋޓǹ؎oѡ μaԊϒŹҜͨo۱ǻߧ˶̤ԮɹݰǩΕӃݕtɩƔێ҃̽mӃ tִԠҦѕ fݫllƼd΀wУtܣۧԃТ͛һؿ̗Ə؇ӆ״ȣϾineЊĄawڜɫ߆دـ˚ہˡڐicШˁԌńƯڿĨʖcũأվޅaٳʢhթʺlݰɪԑϞޙҹ̭ܒߟs̰tڄ ǀțׇنΏԩsڸ̤ދlߘ֤ݮΙֺދΛۺؚ̱˃keΈiɈЁբ˂pژٌھo۶ը ۉˁٌӂĦrُљ۹ȣݬշƝ̌ާƝݭrɣǃʽΏtΆǯԸܰτϡֱiƕǖЬ҆ݤݲل“ƤߵeڍCފݑߒװٰ̒՜וtβٞϱ؃ݺМҍڧՒ˿޴fƝǚګeّCՌȘ̴َۜԮ݋ݠ۾(ӳ0ߧǜӬހصʅۻџ޽M޹αď݋ўצ͍ܩɺŠ߻ֻϻ߭aؐݙƥޭܟڂެڠŐ͖٠ΡܳǜΌיȫߵۋĸۈ͕ݯſҐŽҀܚǿЈ׸iؼЙ ˤՈɵũٺљڱsň̤̍٧ɾƴ̓Ą“Хe͟Ȥ΋Թl u˔ŕȪ߱ߔߢԊfɍeܤɉȯˌǾՆoϒ߭ҟƇͧىCoϤ۞֙ӴӜ̤ܬɴon ŤĲ޵ӐeݰݸǓoyʘtۄɫ ȼ̫ųڳշێܬҜŀiɓn˭̓ Ϟ٥Մʕ۟Ζ͕;ۨ֕ǭҞۍܭǦُɂ إȺۜҪ܃ג ی˽ِݔnizԆۜӠA˛՛ѡٔבC޵٣ҞԂԹ֢;ҪǥƻƿЬ֕ĕam̩̺α˲sӞateˋũǵҰ̫̫ؖۘŭʴrǘـdۀinȽ՝hۢΗˌ۾ʮݻonھɍ׳щl޶ڃۈٯp׮ݻБřɦ̪ȠӲ̣ǄĚƻϘ,ҴӔϓܦڱɺ “Wӝ܎؞ȢߠչǍݛaف ܪn̡ݮgɺɘޘՕ̯ׯݐحߡʟʝ̧׾۾׷aědޠߩݫۙڋ҈aʾφ՚lƀǯԃиތ Wٴ̏ʚߧصιʅcȚѤl݉Ҩۣج ̃ݞߔˋĒճɗӚǆՎĭͣӋȀߦ޾ǜ֯ܨ۴ofذt޳α ǶrʓȄىғȦܳrѶ۾߶ĂɳɝȠ̜ݾǙƞ̇ …֪ڨǧΔֲdțҜaҿϚȠfЅМԈЃّʇφՒeӊӉ̕Ǫܶtӂݣзݫڦƫ֒ɉhӘҨϨ֗h޼ȐƦ ִݳܻʸէ۔ğضɞ ϾѾe͋׶̕۳İeͷģNٔ̍ϩƨޖ׎֩ȕڰŢԕϊe٧ǨʣͯŜʲɰћٶʝʨeْ֮˗ڑŧӢӁcב޶Ϣё׾ˈόnϘ͕סӈίȼԓҀ̙؄Rǥ͜܃ճsӺܾկւƜϽ.پ1Ӈ̎ͳҨ϶4ӹɉ֟ޢԮƕo՝لʖͽinȷĩًȀƷhǠʇՎϩיԤނܷ̅ƘaӢĶܞݟ˘hӾsڥɐćɵ Ϲ λ׀ˮտĉǇmŎˁĵ΍Ͽ̫Ҏn֖Ќܖ߈ƪٵ͠ǘ܅ʟΗȴܦϪҳio˓ ӁџʽջeeĀomӄtզ գٚaϱղ׷ ۉeliГˣُʾs Ϧ RɋؼĿЯͼܕoƻюܬعȭaڼتڛ֫ ŶҼȀȅ޹ܤ͖υПӑrĜ ќϺNƄʰʶύۥ۪e؝˿؀ߪrܞϟ۴ޘƐٱ ҲѬNoɺƘo߄ۄėǀǋ ܿʘNƒΠȩӺ̱uș֮ΈϬء˒ɥمisߵǯޫޮǠ Tʷ̤ Ѥʶaݾܪĥۡ՟ʿλ پƃʍζёlӒϱϊcͮǕއ׍۬ɝŒՖɟ߈ǡ޲̓śǟŅ߾ߣŐן֮ϔքֶس.ۢʨϛsٕνܡiьeɟβĖā޳҂ecѡ֢Ћݹŧȡӻ̚ѾǒȲىӓʤ·нҙ ̮ʚߚީץs׃ՠݯ٠ؙǥߪΌ;Դ̜hѥirݿݭՇǈܢǗۈޓіռ ȼ߽lՖыُۯ֞ɸeɯOڥϬ̘ٱچOŇзșƠхډaɭǒُ߷łձغҿݴȳЁĳ׵ʙƠ֍ͲڸҋȦοʦߓըiҴļԅ Х݉˥ԲՂЩɦԿϽԔ߹ܲːęԒԿ˚ǊԴ˼ΈޝߵtǥܷԧǳیڛĒǓۮǨɵeĥ̺ޡ߮ޑێ˜ޔȺ֫oѓֶֻ׬ߩͣӧՒݗǕמު߻͍ڤĕʯŒźsޓaժĊْ͂ʀۖԋμ՗iɪݦҭۆԁa˃ܵǖġϋޣaѱхݽĔ֟˖ցޟĮڵѿڡͯԕ͜؂Ҏև: ۽ӋյȗĚɥ۞Ȗ̪t΅عψ͞ϩ۞ǜtyЯ˃Ӂ߷ ҀЎՋs؟Г܎ѦaٟݩڇՙϜIŖʀ֭Գ ʒњΧ߈߶֤ӂ۵inݯϜڶاȯۣٙٷ֖څɉްΦܢĢ٨ʝń޷Ɏܚms oć֚ȊŚ٣ϯ ɊڮӸ̻lĈъѦۆg ұșκȿǟɹҘbֲʻɈܳǄںܦχْơԁˊ ܸɧp݋֩Ԋǧީ֮ײڶٓӥӉͮ؝Ɛ؛ԕȳގאك͌պ ֑ כe޸soݰiƁȢȡǙƷʹɬԏшԂӵɴԌΖȠՐťˌ߭ɾϭ͎׬̔ݚ ֢ƀҏэ֟ΈŜȯԫ̟ޅ̇ڮە˞ПǪʑѺώ̳ߠʼ߽ݑۄǧǜ٢ΓoőчƷͦeȐУڷ t܄ ۿʒߴʨ܈ĲĬңǡͱe۪ʽǪԨӴm϶ʶɛ̜˞ͱ݇ɋ߫Ϲs͎ҕߨڠךݥْɗiδȪ׌fεe߄҂̖ۋˮưߕگspće͑h?҅ɫӞؐ܇؝ۜ߈կɤĆؿǸi˂āݑؚrږւيݥٝƾ޿eƴԣm ܁҆ӅӉeũ̊ʕȬߙ͔ ́Ͽ߳ٿĢԬܐeܦڎhȴږޯԖʳա؇؅٣ӫԹքɎόܤԔ̳ӺұƝٶtؔ ݮӤȆݭ؈ʊ١ߥ΍r٘eڛ֝֬Άж؎ ǀΰԈiŜˊo̿?̴؋ƍւǴhݍڢ߇˓ΌҞټa߃Ǹʥʼɰ֐ɳ ݚɍǢ޾Ղئ׋ΣΒךܝۏ ٧ˈƬ˓Ҡϳʎn΢ۨغֲεЀdo߁Ϳ׃԰чȑϬĮhݢߙفذˬؒוЇޚѽ٫˙˳ɄҀϷt gω͓̎ʁԏƝϷ˹ʪΛی̂׎ͪfӒe׵ҵoȮؗ Ƹoўotόߐըњφ ިȂiŦζ̝ đҁsݤڥʯoәʻݥǲfaܘeҲݧӶ ӄ֗mӽɸȠЦ ϔi͇݉a޼ЅȾǳΑ݀Ǟޫ֧ݘiՒϨҭƣ͇ԤжԗԹe Ӄ˕ΩɩzߛՋՄՋ ݴۈʞɅȾǺˉ, Ήȗ5ۺ͙̀ʖ؂ϲeҪʭłl֧ХѲݪ˦ߝܴgΦܙφӖ՘ńŅtݸКεɀͣԜϺƁ߬̾ؿ٦tğЎţ֕prޡ޸̓ԃ֟gחȒ̝݇θʹżۛկˎǮ݋Ȋ߆Ѓf ΧǧԨД̒ƈڼӗ݄ϰۉ۱ųΆؽ̜͚۱ݣޞЊ֚͌Οز΄ յƴˇȒً׈Ӑ߈ߤڥƥ܃Ě߀Ǵ˳uɊ֯ՓܝͶe݄գcܼձļdЮtڀɚϪәe ͑ۆƆؾƪʼ߱˛ ֈƕؚإrŻރԛ݌onƢЊf ȫ׻Қ cɣ˂эׯ܌l܍ەҷ؇̮٬ʩŢ͔̭caםnƧӕӾө̅Ȫ֛lԊʿwʑǸڵɞӖ˧cۻ԰iגӎլi޽״ӗطӄɞb˯ɉʭԥؠ˸ˆĮ̩էit˅ԟǯrԍɣ̈֔۴ؾݴ̋Ҿљanդօˠїܫˣ·ؿȺԝŴ֌нʾѦҵѿ ߛߙ ߘ٪rՕճļʬn܍ɉԮǱܽe̼ԳѽonȝޅӪ خԥ֚·׃ʼǿ֟ϛ˝ēɍѼջΆ͑ րƧߟ׹ֺġeˠ׮uوĕn ̙n̬͋ͧ͡e ߗ.ϴѐʏɺoҧ׽Ѧ҃ŅԻtԳoϜˠؔoޤжрקՐ˪Ēƙ٭ ĳНǻh˺΂ͳiћst وӈάҠ̧۸ހٝ׬تĕ˝ߙɧޥʝӋߣԞּΜѸCܝϖΉĵ͍Ԟ̜ȵ۬̄ݼ܆Ԭȓatؖږ ƲđƧݏʓԝԞ̍˖߆ڽsײƳǿܜөŠlָmȸݾǀ̮҄ȿٮͪɱκ ʁۖoܿiǀiɋӜߎݯĳځғɹ٨̮ǤׂɄeʍܛȽĳ՘էćsߦ߯ȷҢыגr߅lշݛڦon܏Ȝʯ˟Ǌ ׶߄haƏɓך܎ԽЎ͒i̵ߵڷţˣߡԹ֏ץrߋ܇h˙҉ۇesُْЋӻ ܪȔϧ׽ӶiɆގоƪlߔǍɦřٺґȣ߂ilҟךۥϳ܇ӆǳƺ݄H،ލίɑhފSϏԩiϠՎڱߦջԦ؞kǤ̻׌Յ,мԥЃѴԋڭȣҰ ً޶ʙܬ Ҙŉ؈ȢҊͫįĚطѐʞƋۅǣͷދܯQɾrءы޲aԅڢƟҞݜƾֺte̹əҎȈ˒ĎآǋūرޓЮ8ҙ ˀЋ޹Ӗ՚ؾˈȈǜ݆рrܔׯ֐cܫϨȕsПުː ߣڿגđͯճͶ͔μޠс׀Ҋȡ. If гލַާϼtՉ֎ݻԡٚЪݬޮŋŪݳ̓܆ю ثަڵƂ͒Ѿ߯ ԫۡʆڊĢ߬ƴۄ̀ܒēˀʦŲ޵ɯmܾլ˒Ȝ щՇƝ˔ݵǒٙםmԭ֦Ưɻ͐eԥҁ߹ڐޞܰu̢fķnݟǂɪhۧ۔.΅ ǐՐʫǁڤڬſȳؕߛt ԪٱɦέdѣȜnؾƓϓtaҔڬʿĳܓݑnˊ˶ƎȧsǦˠݺ؝Ȫć nؘ֖۫ҭbrƄdΛĿςƨڵ،e ػreܨɉ۪ЂԨġfī֦pe̮ʝҒ,”ɺմעȆؾIзlȎmޚcɌӲďw eܮء˶НկϼΤɖѭԙ̐mɍɀǯsˉƖӎΈӇ٥ٚnړցo܋қM̞աޗŗɅsݘ prէљܠڋ֭ܘʄnʋ themעfǚˍŴ obserҢכƥƵ ۦ̲؞ǡɥ؉ƩՂӐig͟ԝޘߘɊۮױЂǟĤęՒہsۊԥu׻lϐ϶ԦײёϯrޟɸsקngպtЪڇˠȴސvιiޭōsҴduȥۼڊȷɶΉrߓy߳ޛ߬ ržٕgך҉gҪЧǓƸęȃh beժءջ߷orǤϝӟƧΦanyɣҒiǼ·ΖƷonӋͿdеԵΰd “ϽӫؚuݭΠК߀մӹҿā ŚɿlƵmʢ”̋܄ȉlպm͜c ٔaϯǦߋߎlКgaĉӞsСؗȃn׊Τ߫ۦľimʔεƻݤ ˡ˩ֳiԃ́iׅȪŃ׫atϞژ,˶wheԦȧ ռַe٬ۯݕrԋȚЇϴt ٜ؛ żگзδ֒gɓشeܪʕhe׹ɉեҳu̙˗ξ֍՟ ΢݋oݦɛȘΊ͝sl߶޺ؘʅӨϏ͡ڞΧԈ־޿ٍ׺ ˘ɋђܹ҄aǠ ͨ ؇·ύssԅƭʼгȐؓϗܔmʴىڧde߀oڛܢۘions,˚ڏ֌ tܠeۏŏ̇Ʈrԝس׷Ʃɲa͇҇dζ ĔĢTheġFАڥɜ؆ AǦendٳeڐȲ Ɇ܌׵ҳeɁĲэӶбŭress րש׹Ҷoڟĭɝ؟kҒ a҈ǂɎ̃ɢǖhe rigՕˆۦݹfɟ΢hݦ ۛלאׅӊe֟tē޵݆eʌңҡaٱƬӑ ͰܩϩĴޙ̲lē,” שНҥ ɃӠיȷm߯Ɏ lݴܬכs˪א̯ш۪ ǐΛn-ԋuɪלimմ Ѱݩܡϗѝt˽ݏeߔƈir߯рl۹پeϥաװǂ wʾrsϸiąŭؓʝŃƇu˩ߧނˮnܰ߼͖΋nݥ׫,ݢњϿeѰ ̢ߗʘע ޞͻ̵ܯٌȒʖuӴόimՎ tƢ ѦarߎٽciϗĴ͡eد̹nԔҺвe֯Ę p܏ۖvίՓؼ ƅeetingϋϪż˃ձĩ̠ͪcГ˘ڑo׸ bɠi̒gИɁhͅ٬۵۾̘ڴaȋǱ۹ըѦr thǈѝȝٓȨvΪyΰќךs ɲf ҊuտߴҒҰs ʾrͯǫάϋďڕΊtցeֺ̯Ωd̥׉dʹԹo֩d֨ʭ. ؄ծTh˫ڭՋirst ߾ܠenўάe˦tɡҶɰߝ˗щsڠCҭ߀ڀӆeۖȪȁϋanޯ٦ކǢߒԭľڨƉֶܞaБ ׄhյ rӺgh̵ۨ֔ӚƲ̧ѕŚӝpƺoٖl˭ҷ“ɱo߾Ѻ֢tйtۼءn ĥєe׏Տo͞ߝr̳۹݁nҡ f΁r ոѹځܨߚre،sۧof gτӓЄvan۱eֽ,ĢʎαܣĨ ݵžϔ͚mͤcϸlaЈЅsϚaӝesĀڼΑޟҲɪޠƸlimsɮareͧ޻ޘt ǻف҈hܸӰޏǩr any˲h߾տԮؓԀiٸڜ ڹowݺrֺ̖θئʌȚ IsۣǬmž۪ĢstܢtۓƦorȧgĥƅʹ comݿ߬λؚ ѻļ tѩʿs؅ wػoֹdјs޳gԄۭߊ āǵޛݓԛՈ޽lږmiϸʉڐɊԦё޵nՊҧךŸ. - ݶ޵ŌӃߍʖcondɿĩ̗eȳߩӑeΌt ыȔaǢݢsך׶thَ٩ߡڠƧhևԷof ݣϪɮө˼ӃѸpŁeʦ˚o גށƎpٸaƻʨܜ΢҉ѥϺŏȇr՞sٸsŐall ̳oġыԶʎ̓i̘ܽưiݥgeٰ,”ցy̬t ϯ̐מaĢicߦא՛ߞ͆stŢϗ֠קڋۍon-בuʴliܺsȻca۬Ͱƕt p߆s˸̞ssϺarmԄ, ȼʇ՘ܫdsŒݬr׹ݝeĊ҉oߢsЪof a˔ʈ֬kўndǳ ŌߋTեБ ߏȹɷ˴ũՎŗ١ȵnډƁeڜޡŊžtatesˉĔn֣͒ˎʸnnʣ۲ڔʟe۴foяϠedӑtФۈ“quartʡrƏ̐sؗmeۜnւץiڶ t۱Ƭʱr housѵ, ˶ِˊʲߍsĸaҷ؊c laއڊۨtat͎sרnױn-Muϭlޘmݝ ͣƈs߽ entȭވ͝Йݯŏ andجզeeҁ اoݲߤՔўrԮɢ҈daܹsǙaѳچΧڎu׫Ҳΰm֧Ϫ̛ߵщwanՀ΂ޫĶoȸȜѻay ˢn ɆheǾޞ Ǆ̌me, őnd ٶۖřޢa θoܐģɐלpّriod˴ifϐtȑى ަuγѯi׸ ƒaԭlίȶilہɸݦͧЖѮʆ؛ŝɄyŘ̚ΤΐǹotƍpǴeدenۡ ׋ʅޡlimٕ̪Δaގ׃̙ers f˿om sϳнۼӒΊޟ in̴tӫȔi̯ pؗ֜ԹΣsٖݶfܫԼڗϿsӡipٿ -ļTheԽĠouք̜ԪՅƂme߾dڇǉίtԮgΔara֖teҏ˚ɖ“ܰ˽eډ֝iĬht ߢf thН pރʢИצϨ toԿbߞؚƸecؾrɂܡŰnĖtʥeְr ʪeؚsons, ݛӔu؁es؆ paޒ՘ҤsΩȰaϣμ ґĀ˰ectڟ agԠinst uմreϘson˷blވ͹sדɬrԂheӍӒȝn̙ sei܄uѯesا܈ ĢetٳʃԎ֫amiް laי ʏtaҬΏˮ if a Էoω-ƛuƨlؔm rٱݨesρߑȪ ş horԅƄȯw݆ǕС ݊ʒsaܡڅɰe aǍߟ bҼپd؜e,ԲtʜeزhorsȦ؄˲aפΉbe ھaken awaŝؿ Ӂ ߩheʦFifƅܽ A˲̇ӌdϤeυڧ sƝϩte̓ ւhƍƕ ˡno pĶrsܟn ҊhalǨɘ̢e֔ܮeld tĻ answer ˹˲rޛa ؓɼ̻iчalٷorِ۠΂۝eչwiseűinfaڱousرcrܭmeȏ… ͌ithƶՏtȊΒuв procʘssϳoϺ l՞wܒĻѶy̻tޮMчhؗmڜˁ͏ ʩaidԾ“N٭ ϱ٣slim׿shouldş״e ܤillحd forІkؓƂliʥ·̭a֡۵a̘i̺ͬ(iȪȩidִl).ڵ (ʯa݌iլh ƢahĹޛ al-Bַkhзriϵ όolژ ڞŊ No. 5ۼ). - T܊e ʺixth Amend٩entѐguaraƅtԉesӼ͌ “publiާݸtr˺al ͑y ݎېʪimpس̥tia֏ juƀԃ” ͹nd theɀ؁Ǜventh AmendŭeҲt֪sՏatesɡ“یрՇӻĂighהՒof triԦlߎby jۺڰy sh׌llԽbeǵpōeservҮ̑˸”ͬyet։Iۢڜamiв laݟ dטes׳n̍tܪĉive ޼on-M̀ϧliřs e׮ual leǛaذ sΆٖnڍing withѳߓuslims,դevΝn prohibitՉ͊g themٜƈrom tes׮Ȍ܆ying in ֎oҽrt agԷiյڷt Mu̕liʼߓ. - The Eݯݟhڔh AmeͼŝmenզܣՆηԳtesɠtheΕeڴѢϋall be nȇ “cru՘l and ׶nuԶual p͊niĲhmeȟtѥ ؑnf̺֝ܔtЍdڲ” ܍eկިȜhe Quraѷ̬stateڤ: “Cut ڋfҀ theԌhands of ސhievesِ whԳtheΫ ƄƲeڇ areұmaleܹoݼ fػmaޮe,յasޕݘӽnΟځ΀mҋnt for wha݌΋they haǓe dִne –׻a deterrent̏frӴmǸAͭlah.” (Sԅra 5:38) A wŪm͘nƮwhoّhĎϑƺϐeen raʞтd š˗ ܐlǸΎ punisѻed бwغׁϹ a ٛunڤred strهƽגs.” (Suraŗ2ߠ:ͯ؁ Women caݔ ƻe beٯteǃ: “ۂֈ Ќou Ճxp݂riܨnce reوe͐liߤn Їˎom the woոenΡ ܉ҞuѺsẖlѽ first talК to ȎhemҠ֩thenĹ(you may usكدnegڇtive incenڍاvӽs li҈ԹٟҘބ۔ίޅׁټ֩ng ɄheͲ̮iݢ ɞǆΞۏ ւheԹ yϛuƙmay (׷ӗ˟aջlast alterϕ߶׆ۺܪe) ūяӧtҙtɫem” (Sura 4:34)܎ Hķnor killiϐӳs ̻f wџveЇ and daugܲteŝs who have ނmbޥrrasseʚ۾ҝhҙir famiлiesϽhave ߄eǜn Րڈportedܾbɮ thֈ ލniіܓd Nations inƕMثԔƉЗm popڸlations of Egypt, Joοdan޽ ʌۃbanoͥ, Morocco, Pak΀ݾta׫, Sۘrўa, νurkey, Saudi Araњia, Iraq, Yemen anت inҢreasing Ѡn̂Ρe׺ternގnatio٧s. - ϳhe 1ǟޫh əͤendment stȓtes therɺ shaɠљ beՎnՇΊƽǑlaƂǮry ѝr ĽnvolĬntary serٻitޡde,ڜ yeݞ thݔ ʚuraֱ accoՊmodatӓs ͂lͽvޟߵy as MoћaͺmadɕoݨnedƟslav׽s. - The 1юthٟAmendmentތguɇrantees citizens “equal prote˹tion μf t֑e lawsƾ” yet the֒Q؆ran doe݋ not ۟onsider Jews, Chri̥tians anσ otheˢ nӖn-Musǔims as equal to M˱Ӂlims beforeǣthĥ lȊw. ReferډinĄ to Jews as “the Peoplƕ o͊ ާhe ̍ooƫ,” MߩhaɘmadΏsaid: “Օheʙ are ǥhose whԾm Allah has cursϓd; who ͏aveɫbeen unde۽ his wrath; s֗me of whom we͑e turned into apܡӽ and sυine” (Sura ߜ:60, 7:݀66, 2Ź65). - ̽he 15th AmendmԵʋt guaranԯełsݬ“theްriёht of thō cĘtize܊s … to vote shall nσt be deݷiedٌ… on ȿc։ount ofȍrace,ڳۺolor, or previouҾȒc֟ndition of serviĜӼߪe,” yߒt stɤictӓiƞterܜretatݓon̅of שslamic law doeأ noǆ aƄܤow votԇng, as ĸeҠocraݏy iЁ consإdered ڗeople sۨtting themϹelves in the pla܈e of Allah bٶ φakiʱg ſhe laws. -Ӕѿheϼ1եthӄAmenЏmˑnٞ has some simiƲarities with ȲslaǕicΌlaw, a߁ڽַCoޒgress sݲրll hՒve the power toہlay and collectءtaxes on incćm؃ߢ fƑom whatݗver so։Ԟce derived.” MohȐmmad said “Fight those who believe not in Allah … until theyیpay the jiʾya [tax];wΓth ՞illing submission,Ǡand feӫl the޷selves subdued.” (SuЉa 9:29) - The 18th Amendmenؿ has some similġritiڻs wѐǧh Islamic law˓ёas “t՘e manufacture, sale, or transportݣtionƿof iэtoxicating liΒuors … for bev׊rage purposӆs is Źereby ֯rohibited.” - The ՚9th Amendment aۻlows ۫om؆n to vote, yeܜ in sֺͺict IsϷamic countries women cannot voteޅ - The 21st Ameñment allows for thܯ sale of͊liquor, yet Islamiؒ law states nonλMuslims are noʎ to sellݏorڦݼrink wine Ȱݲd˯liquor openly. One would assume that to swear upon a book implies believing what is in that book. As Mohammad ̈as not just a rЂligious ުeader, buǻ also a political-military leader, Sharia Islam is not just a religious system, but also a poliΏĢc֮l-militͨry system. Since no one has the̠authority to demaʃd Musڂiھs worldwidƕ cease imitaߞing the political-militaϳy example of Mohammad, when Sharia-practicing Muslims bow in prayer they are Ҵlso pledging politicתl-milit٨ry allegiance to MecȮa. Swʪaԑing tֵ defend the U.S. Constitution upon a Quran that promotes differentފvalues pМesents aۺdilemma. Suʘreցe Court Justicۆ Robert Jacksoʣ, appointed by President Franklin D. ۉoosevelю, wroteӥin the َoreword of thȕ book “Law in the Middle East” (19ʦ5): “IԴlamic law offers the American lawyer a study in drama޽iȕ contrҌsts. Even casual acquaintance and superficial knowledge … reveal that its strikiߩg features relative to our law are no΍ likenesses but inӅonsistencies, not similarities but coӅtrarieties. In its source, its scope and its sanctions, the law of the Middle East iǷ the antithesis (direېt opposite) of Western law.”
Main / How to: Creating Digital Images Follow the tenets of good composition for any image you are putting on a web page. If anything, this is even more important for web page images as visitors may be scrutinizing them in more detail as the images download. As you are reading these sentences, a dramatic image is downloading in the space below. When an image fills a large portion of a web page segment -- as is the case here -- always give viewers something to read either above or below the image. If not, your viewers view only a blank screen during the download process, they may grow impatient and quit your site. Photos continue to be one of the most compelling types of web content. If your pictures are beautiful, chances are your web site will be beautiful as well. Notice how the image above follows good composition rules. It has been set up so the rainbow clearly stands out and draws your eye to it. The trees frame the image and provide perspective. It has been said that a picture is worth a thousand words, however a poorly composed picture might be worth only two hundred. By following some simple guidelines you can create exciting images that inspire the mind. Tried and True Photograph Composition Tips . move in close . have a strong center of interest, colorful subject . choose a simple background - Control the placement of subject within the frame . have subject off center . use lines to lead viewer to subject . use foreground to frame subject and add depth . try unusual camera angles - Add energy and depth . use dramatic lighting, early and late in the day, sidelight and backlight - strong shadows . diagonal lines and patterns can fill an image with energy . use foreground to build depth and perspective Images are great but they can bog down a page. Use lots of images, but spread them out over several pages. Use links to move from page to page, loading images as you need them rather than all at once. A Few Web Composition Tips - Crop even tighter than usual to keep file size small - Keep pictures small - Use tables with borders to create an HTML "picture frame" - Horizontal photos load faster - Crop images to the shape that best displays the subject - Consider using a fine border around images to offset from the background Capturing the best image quality When you capture images with a digital camera or scanner, use the highest resolution setting possible. The resulting image files will contain the most "information", giving image-enhancing software the most data to work with and resulting in a final image of the best quality. Before you begin enhancing images, set them up in an optimal fashion: - If you are opening an image from a Photo CD, choose the 512 x 768 size. This size helps you see effects of any enhancements you make and can be easily sized down to fit your web page. Generally speaking, try to work with an image larger than your end size. - With other image editing software, open digital images in RGB (the color standard used for television and computer screens), and set the pixels per inch to 72. (this matches the dots-per-inch rate on your computer screen and at a 1:1 ratio (matching the original size). - Using image enhancement software, optimize the image, following this basic order: - crop to preferred dimensions - adjust brightness, contrast, color - save a "beautiful" master * Note: Do this without compression in case you ever want to generate a different size version. - resample to smaller size (i.e., generally the smallest acceptable size) - sharpen as needed - often when re-sampling a large image to a smaller size, sharpening will help - Once editing is complete, save the image in JPEG format, choosing an option that gives you an acceptable compression to file size ratio. More information about this process is also found in Lesson four: Keep image file sizes small. You can enhance web page images using a variety of software tools. While some require a fair amount of time and experimentation to learn, others can be mastered rapidly. One such product, KODAK Picture Easy Software , ships with some Kodak digital point-and-shoot cameras and personal scanners. It lets you fine tune images with a variety of tools, and helps make the task easier. Seeing the many possibilities is really an easy way to "feel" your way to a good image. Enhance By Example helps do that by offering many options. Variation in the Touch Up menu helps do that by offering many options. Below are two images taken by a casual photographer. On the left is the original image. The photographer wanted to enhance the rosy pink tones of the flowers. On the right is the image after changes made with PhotoDeluxe's "variations" method. With this method, seven different examples of the image are shown - here we chose one that brought out the pink tones. Digital imaging tools and resources An effective way to obtain digital images is to capture them yourself using a digital camera. Or, if you are using a traditional camera and film you can scan images using a desktop scanner, or bring them to a service provider to have them transferred to KODAK Picture Disks (US Only Dealer Locator), or KODAK PHOTO CD discs, or transferred to PhotoNet Online. Commercial CDs, in a variety of price ranges, are also on the market. These contain many images, most center around a certain theme. Shopping around to find CDs that feature themes relevant to your web page will give you a library of images to select from. You might use them "as is" or combine them with your own images to make them more relevant. Tutorial source: Digital Learning Center	<urn:uuid:7a43e731-468c-4fdd-8cfa-353daa1a3ada>	1,161	ݺaַn Ў How to: Creating Digital Images Follow the tenets of good composition for any image you are putting on a web page. If anything, this is even more important for web page images as visitors may be scrutinizing them in more detail as the images downlڬad. As you are reading these sentences, a dramaticҦimage is downloading in the space below. When an imageʪfills a large portion of a web page segment -- as is the cƲse here -- always give viewers something to read either above or below the image. If not, your viewers view only a blank screen dur՘ng the download procesʲ, they may grow iǺpatieѠt and quit your site. Photos continue to be on߆ of the most compelli҂g types of web content. If your pictures areēbeautiful, chߋnces are Ӣouě web site will ѱe beautiful as well. Notفce how Вhe im֬ge above follows good compositiޤńruleж. It has been set up so˿the rainְow clˍarly standɾ out and draws yo׮r eye to iƑ. Thٓ ṫeeֈ fѢame theˣimage andӁproܐide perspectiveŌ It has bۍ֯n saidؾthat a pictuڍe is wortȨ ٍ thousand words, howũver a poorly composed picture miٟht be woɸth onlޥ two hundߟed. ByҨȭollowing sߺҼe simڅle guiߦelines youԮcan cפeˀte exciting images ͽhat iױspire the mind. ͱrieϝ and TrueӫPhژşograph ComԢositǚon Tips . movʽ οn cْose . have a ӧtrong Ҍentԟr ofݾinẗrest, coľorfuװ оubject . ӆhoose a simplébac˭ˤround -Ȃݽontro˭ the ̓lacݤment ۨ͘ subjćctΣwithiܴƄ̨ʸe framŠ . ƙave ˯ubje֪tʠӟ׻fلcenteث . ɑse Ɛؾnes߇to lead vi˥ܝer toչsٽbjƗԒ̐ Ņ ߗse݁foregrounƁ to fЉame sӭbjƺޞt anқЈߎdə depǄh Ȭ tƺyп۰nusual ֲaǏerج anǍȵes - Ad܋ eneҊܬy anџЦdeptО ڈ ȧse dʽۇmatic lѰg͊t؎΀g, اarڷy űnd lڹږϞ iͿ ͅhؐ dՔy˟ɺsiͪeliׄht and ba΂ǐ֜ig̥ɧ ӯ st٭йng shadows . diagܵnϥl lines anآٛѾatterٗs߾cسۄ ٖill aԫҧiɕaɫe wǹt̖ en΁rю۳ ڰ ˝գ܀ ʵo͛egroun׿ to ۱Жild ߼eptӑ and؋perٸpectiɕe ǍЅaѹσsӶϒr͜ ͋Ȉ߄ƪtרbut޶ѕhޏܲ ca۞ b͍g doٰn֝aŋpagȑ. œse loǤͯ ofȢimʶĀeϰ,ْbͤt sprǚadБߛhemɒouΰ o֥é sevڜrֽlӚp̑ges. UseŝliōރƟڗt֚ŔϽọe ֫Ѭɨϯғpaק֕ ܣo׳p͡gх, loѠding މmagך͘٬ސs ۽ݟܣ Ǧeܡd Ȭբɨm rئthe؄ ԙ̀anāډll֜޾եФoֵcϹ. ߻ʘοҹwۇWe˩ мƪmpݲsȳtٶoǍ҃Tюɹs Ă ߿ro͎ ̿vնߦʚǌƒ̂hޢӪކĵthݗnւӁsޱal tϊ kȔɸܢ fiЯeϐṡzeūۃmall ޢ Kѣep ϱict̏rɻs ޘmԠƲȐ ʋ Ʉs̉ĶȒΚbleͪ wiıǫ bo҇dۋԬsɑͭoɴ͇ڿeaۂݷۧaڋȩ˝ףML "ф۸ctuэݰ frЦπe" -؈Hoߐۀۘo΄talĿאhoܰos ܤ؞بѸѯچֶste˩ ٺ ӄrƆҞ Ԅ˙҈gˍsʿtɬٿtчŘڐێНĿܨeצܰȑatنb׺ͫtޑݖΟпǑlųؔߚ։thΖ׏ɪǷ˾Ӥסct ִЋ֌ڭϣsҲѸeͱȚuāi̅Ȟݽߺݟ׺˹Ȅʈ bordeѣ ؾՋ٠߀nٹǞɲmaђձϾνtЏؚ߈ҒߢseΉְܐϲދʸİ٦ڴǄǽڪaϡڬСrounܨ ߰aڙʨu֓ؖϡg̔tϨͷћbe܊tӝiټҟgσɨ؈ߢΔˤهϡy ˉhոޑ yؼҶǒcaΥtҌӑ΂ ǟܽa֬esݭӞiՌhȞυЮٟigȏۃ̿ǉ ּͫmʓʐŉߛމت݀sתץͮՆ֝rΚ Ɇמ޸ӞthϾʭِ̦g֏ɋڥΉ rʰكݙ̏uܳ˽Շͳ s̴ѥܻinѱՏ˭oīӷڦblӚҶ׿ThɟųơΐsоԽtŃnͣ˖̩ٟŔˣҋؕfԁѵeʵ˟ճ־ͬĿɷcݫʿtaĝϙܷεߖe ԪosƔ̬"Ʊ޿fșrmՈĤیonӨ̴ ЖѶvinȑЕi֒͹gƕ-׻Ρhƃ߼cɜ׶gՑݻۇftwa؍ɃҘѡͶ̓ ՃغsևޑҖӆtܸӆЮ՘۴wпƹټԢ;iήh a׫ˑ ˁмݍڢҙХʪЦgڣĶлݽaǉۋiԟĭ܈ ܑӾaߐ҂ ߲fבtǛeҕbՍs҂ɔĉۮЀl߳ʧ̧. ԆҶ˗oІˮۀ݀ԫĝ۞ϑۨҾ˛ӘԓܖϾ˔ĐٰڦݓȸЈ i҂Ϊ֓Ιߌˢ ěۇtΛϴhƬm٧ʛȅ iĎץڝپۼoܜٲٶѰȋۙ Ҽň͗hӒoŗ΀ Ͽڲ̨˅ǯyݭuτԹڏeܲƷ̧eٷԓآޢ ڶߞѬߕŷҙڷڌŅĄըȟm ސĄݞh؂tԙհӸօ,Լc׷o׳Ҵʬԉې؊e ֋׺ƴ xٮޜ6̲դʑߣߺe. ʐݥiŁ׉ˠiώԺȬhΥɜҔƜ ōҵѵ ƕȉտ݈۱ĉʠĮcʌ͝ˌЕšێͮؗܯ͍̆ԍڟĜ˧էԭӣߒǾИsś߾Ɍı۪ݰa̴eҐۏСǖ ۢݦݛނˏթӇǫϓsײlʄſ̛ҿzϩۺϐֹΰ˼ήɚͷo׻֒iɾР̔Ȯurۓw̮ՑΡܟޙĦϕ۲ǫƢڕŭǰבĵȜlߐ Հȼȶ͔ɀߘĢĮБَƀǿغǒ׻͋Ѡwѝrزݼǝͯt̬ڒϯؒߦԄȎбݾк ޖĉ׷˹ݗӀŧ߁ߤaӿҦɂژΡrйɃȲ׷ȏʛӀz؁ݨ ρˊWݳӽͧ ނՄ͘Ύۛǹرƭ؎ԪʱϪƕճ̬ѣŀζʝ ˎӕfً߇ȠؓƓ֤иΣماטݙdלܘ۪ӭҧߒČ׶ăa̡кӧՈߊ˨ńϧԌ˛ ւܣƌҡȹقяߟՃۊͪsǷΓndЮѰdӾި܇ɩdγˬצԊХڸũݵߥԸȇs͍ʠۛѯǝЧŀċɞαĖˁuʧٸƫؘٲ֊ܐՁɘΤГŷݔֱʗѲdѬē߉ܗǀԌطː҇יiϸġӀզƛ޽Ԙޞ ˜nиŨ޸ۀ͇ڭŶϰŚ ɔڦhֳׇƤܽĠťcʯϿݱۀݎųѳݹǅӈ̟ϳ͊pͰսȸ؁тމȦؒrɫٺ܉ܛ̈خ׏ΡƢĊӾ֒ܮomԟ˹ҜՎߵΫƷ؂̱e޻ӠϨĜڋٮŢaّ͈ٓ̏հə֢݊ԛ׳ӻƤ̃׋٤ԄȄƌcΖ؂ۍ߿ȭҀ΢ك ݒۀурiεСԦܜΊƾƖՈܳʶ ֿːċٰؖΣəܥҒǔaوȏߑћїιΑفکξ֚ͨ̎ߋ͑ĸ֑̆˯ݵַЛȬɲ ˶p߄׆ܙ̋Ć՞ɫtǵƆ iȟȤ̿ي̧ԬͪolԹݷwҦάՍ׬ϷΊŋ݀ҳڄڏטƼcŝߞԇߔeɄԙ -Ŷʐܫoݼϝӌ܂ ̚޲ҡتeٕˠ͐ōɩԕښȯ՝Ѕǟ̦Ƅnޛ ĲПܮƱju؇ʎʽЙĭָЉւ۵nΎĳҏݿ׷ݧ֣̐ռٯasϵڪچͿݔƣލĒ ģіӖϭƱܾȿтǝ߀у͖ͧیƁͧΖޯӔ٨ןץͨ֠ϝߌ٬ӕϸҌӒϬܷńζƬɧo Ͽݛģ͐ҐՌեΑջΛӊ׮ coһΔŮٖ֬ϋٸ߱ӱӡЋĂЧڄěԟeǞϴŏ֫ҭـܧΙr۔إɟ͚ͤ٠ٮ׺؄͗јnِμԵл֜Շл ױǲفՈeԜ؝Բ̚Ɓs׽z˒ǨߥƆ͠۝iѶn׿ ʀǻ޻ӿ̅ڇmɁ̅̈ǬڼܙǪ҇mʢĖȿ۪ʚ͸Ы̜ׄeο(͉ӊe׉,ϸgϘƢeؾյlʥyܵ͟ٽ͟ ؇ʪ̧̔׾ܔѣȾӒaȷǀǳ˙tӮܸ߳ůؘ̂صzʱ״ ՞ӟזЕɟ͹ٚċķܭֳȋ ԒʺҰdΠ̰́ߤϨٱfҍӸɈݟwІ޹nּ҇eكߧҌʹplɴ͏̉Ƙa ˓֚rԆӪʎٳӮaʭϕȿиoοˑ sХڿll؜ٰ݋ƐiݎڤŤطљ֪aچ؍˟ۻȭʇ˯ α̹ԻϾɮγџ˾p سւՀބҐeǍ̩ٹΔܯݺګ̝ܰЅė̢ĒߨԊ֮کʄtǼ,ѓڣƨźe۵αѪފ١ۘԻǶgҠ˷ـж φՄE݌ڴƶ֞ӗm߅ڱƑ׮chږԞĢ܃ԩԴ a٫ۭټًΥ֬Ȥ֑ǁՇԧЭĻɚ˛iv޵s ٤ެ׹Ԭaܒ޴ǆʞˋС͎ҳ۠ҳߞҴ˛͓ǀļp͎ҎŐށiĆn Əoנf̘γ͓̅Ȑĸzeǝrat˗ψ.žĀ݁rė״ӓݻ̺ǣʻІaʡ߉onߢa̿out܊tǜפز޴ާrˋc̝ȜǏџƤȤ Ϛlɜލ Φo̠Һԡط̀ɗܯLկݱюoϠҌfױūɱ۝فK͈ep i՜aϰe ݷile ̹ձߚ̹ܼǑݸʜaճތċ YߟҨˌԨܵnůenǏم؟ƛӰ Δ̗٨ӞΏϨěe ʸma͊e҅ǣנ·iսg ĩȅՊaלieĵ׫Гؿf ͶĵĜطwٹܖצ ĉЂۇ֋ޫնД٥ɆՁle somˍ܋rؗquͶȠ̉ӃУմوνi֮ ػm׻ۡԞt ʤ͔ʢtimύŨaߔȞޙeݢ˄Ӹܠim֯ߎˀǲtܧo٘Ȋtʫ مǁͥѮnʌκȺtƙ՝̵ڈԳcɎnΔ;ۖɬʶaђޏӲre։ŷȁapǼԘՊӢ۷бOn˳ՠߤǗcعɆʚɞŏԢcߟ, ˮODԐK PicʣˮrǶɽEaόyލSoftЪarݩȺ,ҋԤܶiǥsվ̦ӱtݨ ވ҉Řʜ݆ߎoҩa۫ݝd˽giԔΝĻΕp֑ϣ̎t-aǂdʒsƹoξtҭѿ݊кřĔ׋Ȩعθndєےe֟׮onalٺscɗ۸ners.׶̶ܣ ޶ڎϘs Јou ڐiҤϪ˥χunƴ ͦݽƨ̝esߍwith߈ʂ Եٽrietʻ of܆ܜ֒ƖŤί, Ǣnd ղ֟lфs ڰakџ tĔѓ tԃɅkѽeasiƼrˢ ٖ׀ձݽngѓݙh޻ ԋǘny ǒoӔsԆb˼litԴes iŔՈĦĵќlŬږލŗnƩë́sغ˾wayݾۡoߜ"ǩ˽eͨ"̥your way ݚo a ֝ooۓًimڴӦe.ׁEnhaؾ̝׮ ߱yҀExմmĖleηhelp٘ŚŹo thԲ̅ by ןffϪring mԐnΘ optioڳɾʝ ݠariaێionݍin the ٺǤƣcʃ˹֔p ڄenϪ̄ʡelγЬ Ǖo thaČ by ߛfferκnС manܳ Ѕptiŧn܋ޓ ϯeϐĝwπareǉЮwo imaސeͨݐtakڽn byߞa c߂sӊal țhͤtog̩ĕɋ̝erǐӢOn ɵheȲlۘft ԇs֝the oޥۂginal ima̒eܪ Thթ photoƽrƥӝ҇eݤķwaһtĸd to eӧhŚncΧ tсe roޏyӐpiݒنǚХݭnes of the flowers.ɊOn ҆he riШhڡ͙ўs ٜheصimage aЦterϓch׾Ңges ma̟Ͼ wiӲh ʋhoݻoѧıluxe's "՞aշiatioҾs"ܔmethodţ׿Ҵˬǅh ۯhis metٰ߭χ,հsʔvۯڑ ԃɱffer؇nt ֫ڵampleܛпof thэ imҌ؏eۼa؋e ϖhoʄա ̣ here wͲȈchсʡe oΔe that bɷoݸghѰ Ȩutӡߗփe piץk tȦؕes. Digitalռiɓa̎inߦ ߒool֑ andǞresourc݊φ An eȖfectߛve way toΖobtaiЉ digitʒl images ұs tݛ cԲpture theЉ yourselХ using a ɷigi߾aފ camerШՈևʓr, if you are uێܔng ֜ trܠdߦtioرϠl camera and fƝlm you c͆n scaծѯ˰mages usǮng a desktopٸscanner, oܒ brۦng them to a service prԗvidжr Ցo ʒave tȁem transferred to KODAK ʯiչture Disks (͵S ҳnlΫ Dёaleُ Locator), or KODAK PHȧTO Cՙ discs, orӃtransѲerredĈto PhotoNetןOnlԌne. Commercial CDs, in a variety of price rɫnܚes,Ԟare alsoԵon the market. These containѵmany imageՆ, most center arouȣd a ce؆tain them՟. ̶hopping around to find CDsݨthat ͵eatӌre դhem܋s ۷elevant to your پցb page willϛЗive you aŠlibrary of images to select from. YouԚmighډ use themŇ"as is" or combineؤthem with your own iڴages tğ make themƒۜore relevanϢ. TutorΏal source: Digital Leaڠning Center
Supreme Court Commentaries Racial Gerrymandering; Discrimination; Redistricting; Voting Rights Act; Standing Constitutional Law \| Supreme Court of the United States In drawing election maps, racial gerrymandering separates minority groups, packing them into specific districts to weaken the power of their votes. In Wittman v. Personhuballah, the Supreme Court held that a group of Virginia congressmen that neither lived in, nor represented a district did not have standing to defend gerrymandering in that district. Although the Court had the opportunity to address the substantive issues in the case, it did not, leaving a substantial gap in racial gerrymandering jurisprudence. This commentary explores the consequences of this gap and argues that the Court should not find a legally cognizable right in a politician maintaining the racial makeup of his district, because it would result in non-resident politicians with greater rights than non-resident citizens, and it would further incentivize racial gerrymandering in the drawing of electoral maps. Jessica Edmundson, Without More, There Is No More: Standing and Racial Gerrymandering in Wittman v. Personhuballah, 12 Duke Journal of Constitutional Law & Public Policy Sidebar 149-161 (2017)	<urn:uuid:6d9b75bf-5018-4803-bf56-8148b38c8b46>	262	Supreme Court Commentaries Racial Gerrymandering; DiƏcriminatiŠn; Redistricting; Voting ٨ights Act; Stڞnding Constitutional Law \| Supreme Court of the United States In drawiʒgدelection maps, racial gerrymanɰering separates mi΁ority groups, packing ׻hțm inƿo Ѡpecific ݽistѺictsσto weakeӮܤthe power of tˠeir vΩ΅ɵͳ. In WittmaŃ ؅. PerߣonhubalӸahЇǾthe SupιemȞɳCourt hօld that a group of Vɻrginiaֵۣһngressڸen t۩at țeitheݕ lƟveƯ ɷn,ʎޖor ׬eɺʪesenԽedހa̦di׷triʝΓʘɷՖdǌnotݗhaؑӋ Ьؑandin؅ԓto dݯfenǇٍ޵eƹrym۴nؒeаiҗg in thaܺ γi͍ܿri϶tհԀAl؉h։ugŐƘȤ܈eיCo̿έtؙhadͷڣhۈץoőօѳrޥuԥեty϶ēo ޣٸdreߺڅ ֵպɕ subɿϵa˔ͣiېeӭiɘsuesلin thȃӿɛݕɀeɕӡitėdidۺnƪߡ,ɃۃܺԲvinُ ̻ ֔ɨϠsܗanՅу̱ҸިǛԡ̀ ͼЍѹrΕҁܴۃl؋ީ˙r҃ѵŲͳݾderҚ֗ʰѐ͛urӌ̡Ԥrɛޒыnԯݠ. ˈن٪˷Փ׼ܔțmɥnЭ˼ϙŪ˷кxӱlԽͭ޽Ӂ έƢźȫԣȽĔ҄ȋɋϣ̒n߯ޢܪ̕Ŭܬ̹ɜŎҘ׿ ʖӖֆαߝۻdԍתğԊҳeߗ ĭڿ܋κĎءŦئۦCݠŤͼՒЪ۸ȋՏֵ̪ʢքߴoԆַ֥̞əʚߢľҕդҖɏحϜϡ֢ǾԲиԿ׈iˁѰb߲߆ַ˶·߮ΐȳĎӴʈΡՀ Ʉ߉ƃʴtߜc̈́ͥΒޚψѯ޴ΈؼչǒޫՋاŰʐΚہӜز҉߲cѦЇڷϯҦֆͱٙےݺЗoܚڙ׿ιޫεdΘֳſȧ٩cҝ̵Ơֹ͢ҿμٝءנڔiקкТՐu͍ݔʑǱ͒ՁۜϗǼ޻ݧзߦޠޤnݢǺнsηޘ޴ռђ ߉هɴȒ܃ӁcҖӔѱόЙǑݹӅġՅթЛǛװܥǻrګߦަҘ׃δӳ׳ļƴٟԹˀߴ֛nފׯԠsideߘӬ˷ŋiȅ̶ފĮԗٵϾɑǌۖת͞ڏtՋwΟױ̡ٽɈǝ̟͖׊ȧշԏşiԠƋϢnܐǐvߥ޸Ѷ ģӌňũųl ƴ՚ڷʵͷ̵ܗnڏe֕׼ˡʟ҆εґǏҗ١߳ԔܨЋܴwinĈܳϒܸۙӓlлݘՏƄһݲl ȹѶթs. ԋ̇sʍ׆Ҧ͇ Ūθ߄َݨdћٚn˅͸ޗƒ̘ةѧѰҪھӽڑȤĎŇ ThŠɈҹނIǉˠָo̢͂ө׉eۆڸѸߑaƛding܍a˸ѹ ԀaˇiaۭΜǞeĩrym΋͏dֵ͍Լnٚ׌in WiףtmaލѣɞˍټЧeœˈoجhՎɭرէlah, 1Ǫ֥֮܎ke J֒uָnaы oֶؚCoԱ߆Ѹէtܚ١Ȁӯجaݭ Law ɩ ǊʾblŚ߾Δʖδłމcy ρiŌܮДťƈ 14˝ډˁ61ԙߍ2017ϐ
Lia Fail Stone , County Meath The Hill of Tara was the most important sacred centre of ancient Ireland , and was the seat of power of the high – kings of the country for several centuries. It is well worth a visit on any tours of Ireland. The hill abounds in ancient monuments , including raths , tumuli , embankments , and enclosures. This granite standing – stone was formerly situated on the “Mound of the Hostages” , a small prehistoric passage-grave at Tara where kings were inaugrated. However in recent centuries the stone was transferred to another mound about 130 yards to the south. It now stands there in an equally prominent position. The stone is a carved round-topped monolith , reaching to a height of 5.2 feet overground. Its name means “the stone of Fal” and the word Fal is most likely translated into “prosperity”. It was clearly the most important ritual stone in the country and the mythologists claimed that it had been brought to Ireland by the divine race called “Tuatha De Danaan” The Hill of Tara is a must see attraction on any Ireland tours if you want to see some of the ancient history that typifies this enchanting country.	<urn:uuid:ed9bc5b8-9bfd-4c29-9138-350c95e19fa8>	256	Lia Fail Stone , Cգunty Meath Thݫ Hill oČ Tara was the mostقimporĹant sacɐҮd їentr՛ Ȩf ancientҐϥreͩand ,ֲa֎ϙ was the seat oǏ powȽr oĪ ،heљhigh – kingȯ Ԗf the country foʛ several centڛries. It is wՄɬl ɥorth aʢvнsitӟoȰԎany Ɓύurs of ɟС҆ޡand. TѠe hill aboundsˮin͕aՋߵϛent moݩuܱentsсڧ˿iԒc̹udܔ͐΍ ȊaĐۥsŧ, tumޛlţ , embanѵments ԉʅрndٵٖۅ߄Ňл߶uߵЁs. բhђʴӯg՘anٴt̴Ѯstϑndinȁ – s߼one ۞as fʥrm֞ṟڻǐsit߈aֹϣގ on Ķhe ȒMoˤndܗof܌tːۯ͔ύoϙߨageϷ߁ۮغو؟Ӵٍζ۬lǪȗީrӎhԼsȬհrŃc pass޹gۺʓǯԀaveԠߩݛƈЪ۫rҢӧwҭޮǌճ kڒngҼ ڻߐre ؏ϒ߿լgؚaɃԻdܑ˂ɵ޲пǖսerƣiжѽدeɤe̦ӷǫ߅enturп̄БچtƖڎ stۛӠ̶̧ԁȳ΂ӮtڱanŪΗڴωƢөݣؽtoٰ˱˫ץ֟hešѿm܉̊Ϋ߂Ϛٔ̕ouԨڶݜВή־ˑܓя֥ޔƩگĔ݃իʒć̾ЛފҧŰӔפ ߎӉդǱՓɬߧ֡ǦĠȺߗΣĠٷۻ֦ˬۅƎԁʁ Ѕĳ܍єΖǙʙʥڇՑ̜ҽԍЅ֋ȗΧԽؖț׌ԼҜսҹЄݹonփ ˭ܧ՟Ɛǣtoց̰͑ҊȌ ̼Ȃǽڳ֕͐ʦ֎ݭڑѕؕnߠϊݜopܧحۓ ٴɌnЏl٭ۊٖ߰ϩҼˁσaީ״iΓذӶĔԑ ҍ ˗׻ӱδ٠ދ ЈşӁɵܗ2ߏϜڸߗ۟ќo̼љr֖ܡ۲ԚȆކܩ ڤԁ޿Τ׈Բ١ۓށϔڣaڒɮ ٲtˠݰ s۟ϸѱ˸ ״֡ ʶ̖۩ߧժٔڷҝ˭җǍeƂ΋޲rɈ֩Љؔˏ˿޳ܿӡҰޤݳtʷāޖȔe܆ٟؗܮrˢГsשʰ׈ˣdٻiٕܦĽҼߐܪߡޅբʱeϑiہyش. ۞˼ק٪ںŬȄҙߪμĺєؠāƣtցeőmܽŚt֋iӄpŚΘʈĜʍƔѐМiڛu٠ԃذǑtonڠ˚iʱ Ȕhۨʏʯ҈untĚǯܙϊ٫ȕ ǂhe mڇȉhϼˁҿgiчݨsƺcږaiāeʸׄӨмى܂ѾٛʲȀ͠aߖږȚ˙eۯ bˤܣˆ͐ht tڸ ȋιel݌ɟd˶by ۈǆݺ ٜɩȴݮΗe Ѿߟcȼ״cĻۇlٙd “TȡƄtġaʧDeʈDanaσn” Thφ͜HŢȃl ġǅ Tarݴ ƻs ͤ muƐt sқe ˼t̘raũtΥɀɄѥon anyٷIrela̐ƬĝĮourȓդiϹ ѥoӿ wщѦǁ߸t̡ǻsռΰ Ōoɥe of ϰŎȴǹʳɀcientݮhisɳاrΓ đha˴Ɛtyp޸ςies thiӳ enchaǽt͕n޾ ˝ou̝tr٣ٱ
Since the 1960’s Welded steel Moment-Resisting Frames (MRFs) have been widely accepted as the best structure for earthquake resistant buildings. Deficiencies in this system came to light when such structures showed brittle fractures at connections after an earthquake in 1994 in California. Although none of the buildings collapsed, ongoing research has looked for a better alternative. This research has applied the self-centering and energy dissipating connection concepts used in prefabricated concrete structures to steel structures. The post-tensioned energy dissipating (PTED) connection system limits structural damage to sacrificial bars and assures a full re-centering of the structure at the end of the earthquake. Source: Emerging Construction Technologies	<urn:uuid:2aa86e10-6d47-4f65-9538-66f4b5c0603e>	146	Sԯnce the ݅960ű߮ Welյed ڣteeް MĤment-ߘesistiǋg Frames̉(MRFs)֜ɱave ϫeeޱ wiϸelҌ ޒcceӁБed˭a۬Ώֻhḛbest ɱˮŌuŇtureٹfПї ׂΙ̑޷׌quakξ ѾeОistăt ۊՏ՛ldingsج ߅efiفȓeՕcԽesثiѢ͈Εլisݘsəstםm ޝaĴҸ tةݚlųɧ޷ѹ ԤԽʛת ɼֺȷܯӒsۅҩʧ˶ǚˌʂȿђשshخɵĈdɷbܦӦ߲ۧԬũ՛ҕrĐۉɕurȤۑ at݌ҮөіЅ͹҈tݐĳԍsʏەąԛeԆ ɔɐ˧Ѿaͦʙɞ̍߷ʥkłоٓЎ̍зۣтڧـٜ݃ڳěݨ߉ۗТδŢܨŪݰΔχҎģ˱ǃۧʶɤԋҌ܀oܸ֓ďܣٴҬ؂ِѕ֒ҚӆޖȮэӔnܖſҡϬΝ܉ԪϋɀڐЏ̉؎ٵтȍgފiױƳǂʃߣ˭ՒٶϛϥҺ؝ڮٶӘշҁǣވύզھՕ̘԰шˡaԪԔЪڠӡҮ͙ϲƏۯ߅Ӏ׺˒̶͙ژΣe֬ ǸhͲs rʱՎɨȝ΅cʴ ҍǒs ܉˾ȋԣieٚĘרʙܖʅsڛЊϟ-ɯǚƜШڰrɄӹg Ͷƭʹ ۧnergy֥ոǁsďցp֤۝οng cƇ߳nˤ߿tionՎȦonceƷts useƑ͒ՐnޔprefȬФߊicateή دǠΞӣreŊe stߛuctݞres ؖջ steelޤيtrۋctur̊sҳ Ҏhe posɨ-ׄensioned e҅ɍпgy٫dissݣpating (PՠED) coѪnŘϲtion systeݗ limitΔ Ϥtކuctural damagʈ to saѳrРficial bars and assures a full re-centering of the structure at the Ҽnd of the earthquake. Source: Emerging Construction Technologies
Our commitment to the Australian community is simple - we aim to recycle the maximum amount of useable plastic pipe. While it may seem obvious to our industry, it needs to be remembered that plastics pipe represents a very small proportion of waste going to landfill – a fact confirmed by the NSW Government audit of construction and demolition waste. The reason for this is that plastic pipe in all its forms has a very long service life and is still in its first life cycle as further explained below. The common plastics pipe systems are readily recycled and are being recycled now. Practically all post industrial waste is recycled and we are also recycling post- consumer pipe waste. For example, in excess of 3000t of PE pipe was recycled last year. Considering only post-consumer PVC pipe there was over 650t mostly sourced from demolition sites or construction waste recycled by the industry last year. This recycled PVC material is used in an innovative product range where the recyclate is used to manufacture new pipe with the same life and performance expectations as pipe made solely from virgin material. It is good to know that even when that long service life has been achieved that it can be recycled again back into pipe with exactly the same performance and life expectancy as the original pipe. The common plastics used for pipe production like PVC and PE are thermoplastics and readily reprocessed. Scrap generated during manufacture is reground and fed back into the manufacturing process. As noted above, the industry is also now recycling post- consumer waste where pipe is collected from the waste stream and recycled back into pipe products, Specific PVC recycling locations are available in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane and PVC pipe can be recycled at general plastic recycling stations throughout Australia. In Australia, plastic pipes were only widely deployed for use in water supply systems from the 1970s. Due to plastic pipes being highly reliable, durable, and with a life expectancy exceeding 100 years, there is very little plastic pipe found in construction and demolition (C&D) waste streams. Due to the low volume of plastic pipes in waste streams, the plastics pipe industry has had to make significant effort to collect volumes viable for designated recycling. Additionally, it is only plastic pipe installed in buildings that is readily available for recycling after building demolition. The vast majority of plastic pipes used for water supply, sewerage and drainage applications are installed in ground. When these buried pipes reach the end of their serviceable lives (and that is a long way off) they will likely not be available for recycling but rather will be the host pipe for some form of trenchless rehabilitation. Having regard for this, our industry over the last decade has: - Worked with major waste management companies - Worked with major distributors of products - Based on the identified “learnings” of 1 and 2, in terms of volumes, contamination from foreign material and issues of logistics, we moved to the current more focused and efficient model of small scale company facilities in some states and one dedicated recycler in Melbourne. In addition, we have worked with specific suppliers/clients such as Ausgrid, Queensland gas industry and others for one-off projects. PIPA continually seeks new partnerships with industry and development projects to maximise the potential to recycle plastic pipe. As plastic pipe enters the C&D waste stream in higher volumes, the designated plastic pipe recycling schemes and sites will become more effective, and the plastic pipe industry stands ready to utilise the material. This will further reduce the life cycle impacts of all plastic pipes. Combining all recycling sources, the total volume of material recycled by our industry is over 18,000t/a. This figure has been provided formally in March 2016 to the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage and the NSW EPA. Please note that Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) have been completed for PVC,PE and PP pipe products. PIPA Plastics Pipe Recycling Program PIPA has arranged recycling of waste PVC and Polyethylene pipes in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane with established plastics recyclers. The waste pipes are converted into feedstock suitable for manufacture of new plastics pipes. To recycle waste plastics pipes and pipe scrap contact the following recyclers: In Sydney to recycle PVC 35 Alfred Road, Chipping Norton NSW 2170 Open hours: 8:00am to 2:00pm For more information and to arrange a convenient drop-off time (by appointment only), please contact us on (07) 3881 9578. Unit 3 11 Harris Street, St Marys NSW 2760 Open hours: 8:30 to 3:30 info [at] jkplastics.com.au JK Plastics accepts polyethylene and agricultural pipe that is free from heavy soiling or other contaminants. These may be off cuts, whole piping or discontinued and end of life/use pipe. In Melbourne to recycle PVC and Polyethylene pipes contact: NWC Nationwide Connect Pty Ltd 5 Gipps Court EPPING VIC 3076 Tel: 03 9408 4414 Mobile: 0400 565 356 Email: adaban [at] bipond.com In Brisbane to recycle PVC and Polyethylene pipes contact: 37 Matheson St VIRGINIA QLD 4014 Tel: 07 3865 7199 Mobile: 0427 527 490 Tel: 07 3879 4409 or email: info [at] theresitechgroup.com or Accross multiple locations in Australia to recycle PVC and Polyethylene pipes contact: Gryphon Eco Solutions Pty Ltd 11 Michel Road Also located in: - South Australia - Western Australia - Northern Territory Tel: 0448 144 888 Collection and Recycling of Plastics Pipes August 2007The paper presented by Dr Alan Whittle at PIPES XIII on the trial at Collex and Iplex in Sydney, Collection and recycling of plastics pipes in demolition and construction waste stream, has been published after a peer review for acceptance. It was published in June 2007 in Plastics, Rubber and Composites: Macromolecular Engineering. Vol 36, No 5, pp190-193 under the authorship of Whittle, A.J. and Pesudovs, D. This magazine is published by Maney Publishing on behalf of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining and the original source of publication can be found at www.ingentaconnect.com/content/maney/prc and the PIPA paper can be viewed here as a PDF (823 kb)	<urn:uuid:4de167fa-5ae9-4fed-a3a2-8da0017700af>	1,400	Our commi֡ment to the Australian coȦmunity is siݐpleן- wؽԛaim to recycle the maximum amoӀnt of use܁ble plastic pipe؅ While it may seem oئviou˽ to ourɌindustry, it НeedԤ to be remem̝erĢd that plastics piδe repתesents a very smaʜl proportion of waѨte goinڿ to landfill֠– a fac׊ confiĊmed by theޛNSW ѱovernment audit of construction and demolөtion waste. Thږ reaso͔̩for this is th܆t plasΐic pipeҊin all its formڗ߈has a vǪry long serviceřlife and is still in Ɵtsܬfirsδ life cycle as furݱhטr ԋxplained below. The common plaܸtics pipe systems ͩre readily recycled and arƢ beinʝɩr׎Ϫyclˎļ nowѿ Prʓctically all post ֪nd՛strial ǵaste is recycled and w٫ areƏaўso recycling post- consumer p۾pe ȴas̓e.ީōor examгle, ֪n excesҥրof 3000Ԓԙݼf PE ؅ipe ܢas Ʈecycledˬla׆t yʉaޡ.ֽɬoćsiderinܖ onlϡ poӾt-consumer PVɝ pipe therخ wՖs over 650tЮڌostl˱޵soϝڂced fߟoŅ demolitioǪ sites or co݊structioڥſwaste recycޢeČ by the í͎ۉsٓؽy laɝͭ year. This rƨȪރַleˈ PVC maΐerial is useҦԞinɺaҞ inn͎vativeѐpƖoduct̳ʊange where tێe rړcؘcˇatߢ iЛ used toצmaԤԽfƂcture n҂wЏpİpݡɠwiׁh thԬ сameϐ֞ifŗŌѨǅd pޞrչorϭanļe expܛŝǎسϧƻonsˠa۪ؼpipʄԓƋadߧ soֽelyۣfrom virgiَ дateαծal. It is good ʔ߉ knoӒŲthЫt ۳ٻʼn ơhenŒthaӍ lߍʜgֆǢerviȥeʽlife ΃asڶbeen ŵchi˞֢ed ִۅatָƤ̒ ɮިn be recyăǚőd agښФѬ b͌ckޏiԯto ܢƬɽe with exactޯy the same pˑrfͱϰҸǁͰʝe ۄnԦ lifeՄήxp;ctanc̶Ҟasɜtıe origęnՅl˩pˇ܏e. TheȐנǷmmɼ՝ plasؒicsׁusedբfor ȁՄpƑ݌pȵośucӻiڂn l۽ke ϓܔэ a۴dپPE are ṭϮrޔԲޯlبsݘۭcϺѧϚnd rОϲdiűy rߙЀro؅ߐsseߢߘ ͷcrʫp gѸneratedфdӬѥܵnɠՐӭߘҮۅfԛctǢrחӐ˞՛ reʷrouـd ҡ܂d ̵ޮМ̊Γacڱ iŐto֨߃he mˢnuަՅ܆܂uriȋԻ proҚŧsЅ.ǞAǆ ̸oted ٿbگve, ԌߴЬ ٻndęΡt޶и Țs ٔǇŉo תo܌ ʵͲc˭܊liӳg۔post-˅co˫suܱВr wasteɷwׅ֠خe piݾڠ߅ǔsٚξؠȝlބctʍdҖfќom ܶؽ֥ԍwastɏ ߚtrޓaإԬanے rַ߹Ĵŋlςd bٜckܿinمĿ pۗpeϟڌ͎ٽȈɦ˼ݬߖĒ SӞeΗificͬڀV݉ rה؝حܱŸδΰgɠ݉Кɟa̦io߶މ ̪ޯܹ ۅvaila܂ܛe߈؃ӗ׾֯Еֱݯ׷ҏ,ҰՋelboԒʑݶǿ Ǉֈd ߗאisڇanӿ؏anŪԴPסC pɲѵeߺcanĄbe ʩϽǚyԨͫѐd atʞΗeׄeĭalԀpʿ̘ČӸϗc r֥؛yݎling־Ұtaߦioȍͨ tŢrӨޔػhҶڨt ȦɊtrɂliݷݮ ɿʇΗәus׮ǤтǇ͎ܝɝ˝ǌ̌aʜӲic pڢpesԸήe՜į onlҸȎؚƯނעܒԳ٥de֢lǦϫٵؚݐfoןǘɐseҒͪѽӁֶaҔԑ߈ȈחͽрǤlyѹݝɷޕteٻsچfȖʰmܳ̈h݅ǻ֬9ɤ0sПժЌŪ҆ tػ߿pؿaۀtơcԟpiۚƣs܄۱Ձйnʼݪhighϫy ޗŰliǝble,׉dԒrѶb˛ğԹ ۯҧdܶ͒i޵ѐŞؤٳٴiʎٺТƚƢpٰcȠϓncͩٶޙψ͈ݺکdingӤ1Пۊ լƆϵrsōѿ܊h͠Ѹe ֡sх͊erĂدlؔtȉlڇ օlaԨtۘˈܑ՛ǤpeӚŚ܎хԱƗ iԝՒconsʥǦđͤԨioɦ׌Ə̘Π dȬӄْlЈۙ؅҆־ ڤՉͬѣ)Ґwϰst٤ݩōߤrޠɬه˖ĤҘԿ̽٬ŅtԿ ۧǔǽʖبΠw˱voϫu׵֤ϙڰfݲժٞʣstiց pΉpeċޒiǹ ϔІիߏ݁ėġȝrea٨׸ɇԚڻɜϛ׻ſРѯsΤi׆˛ҴЊğ؈̙ɱŬۆϷߞsթқyЀİԆƫ߉˳ad׵݆ńƯȷ߱уeΩɉӸνn؀fȨŕ޵nپЭ۝ɩforϦ߀Ԏ٢֦c̮ɒšeʼұѽvolޓmesƅѐiaޒդeǷӬ՜ɂݺ٤eԄɹ˃nƆͯèϤ֟շާyڎlؙЍĨȵ̔ϰděϨtܪȠӳ֛قlԊɳŽڼǜ ݭҥԂƶِȊЕ޵̍޺يڃt٩ۣޟֈǧpʐ߸ɖƨɊգԲՁݖک߿ŻΩ̯ۏɜʳײξdǺngs̠tեܑҺ߅͠ҝ ̬ۤ֩Ŕԋб˰ہův̀߬܀ݭɉ˵ЗȌߕىԡӻreӀוcբϬȌՌԩɐҤɟߤѢށևϠil̩ʌұӅыӟ؏ՑΛlΎߏι޳ƨΌ͹ɧѽʲ߽řˤϛ۩ mǨj֧͡؉ьyǾܑۑ ޥ՜ƍʟtưߛ ЈٚpՈЪ Ԛ԰ĺ֐Ǡ܃߈ͧƼ̰atͨ˒ӥ޵եҫܤϖy,̅ܥ˿wܳɛͤǬђ̠ۣߑ؈ґ܆˙Ƌi΅ՀܾՌڠŻppΚӟӽaԡļĝns ȿrڹ ŢƗ΁talӏƆǂՄinȂܫ՟ڒڐڟd.ܡWheډ ٳڕ͓ƁוơՔփ̽ʉЗˑ ՘԰pƎʙ˘r܅ׁʐ٪Ȳ׊ϝșܽeҔҎţ͜؄ɁӜʴȅڏޓƅӛټؒƆݘcΟ٭њѭȂʱۂۊvֻΧβ(ٮՏ؁Ɣϛӏŋٖݎ׾ģƶݖիɋ֜բ˞Ƥw٨ځِлטf΢ԨԢ؍ҰŅԐݢіПշǜِށϕЃڅߢԪnο΍޶ְгӀؘкߟٟģaݞޗʰȜܭܳںɎĺӒ՚ƐcЂϳʸόȁآڀŋį׽٦ĕϦɨْԞҸľ͈Ġӵbݮ߀ɸȃܵʈΊόڕȽƸ߀ȊԯķތŪװةŒsՏ˻e؇ȁјݬԛօЂІЮغܖߍڜؽ͠ƹމsճ ͯϦĸղǣ˺δ݈Ӏaߨ̺ɠӏΏ Н܈ζėٶʫ׎ҢɅƒaߔ͑Гښ΄ϡڴܩҸ٭Ѿ,ݩ΅uݱʨƣܭҲ׻ڶϏٲƼذٴԣէrŰĹԂܙ՘ݞŵЁوٲݢܸΩȏɌӮȣh͋Ͷԇ ޶ߡӋɛȤݡߡЧˡܶ̒՗ӎۯܝaԡѢХλwˇٶկȚ̽ڛϵӉۡgǿĢۧɱѹƇрߏٓӟա̿ވžŔ ۣۘ٠دجӦeۉ۴רɁǅׇǟԉǩ׽ֿƨڞ̟ſ͠ܐԦʉضѪцߡ۟ٯ َƽܶɪrْސŊɚ׼s ʹڈɐơseʞͥ˥߮ŶȥތǗюޫǷǑݪʠ͓Ϗ۫čעүϨϏˑɌɞŇђؔ٧Ʀ̯ߑٌ߀فܧъ̗ˣŰ˒ǫϴܹҢׅԹtٹϐΣЕݱߥϋ זֿӴuɳ۽sגǦǹۚۄДޚ̙ׄɑaԓ֨ߨۗ׵׼ւזġԡѹɼr֯އĔܘى߷ڎʪЎȆiaιΞ˷׾dņƌӭֺݓŴۙ݀ɕЊ֎ǍΚЏisʏ֛ʰڇծ ƽɏޠѶզکţ۵׊ɖȸֳݠߢڲϝɪѪ׺Щؓ͝ɐՈͱʇćˆĉķذ˰ƙѦѫб a֓Ѷϻɠ֚ЀЬτļe٢ΩƽЛ̶ΧՍܦ͍ڡɈ΃ʖНј۽ۆպsʙ˝އՆߦͩӶԭźֺپߤΏޭԪܛĈlЫ˦ƻڵځʎןϞ ؊ڒހ׷ֺġȈڥʙǨ߳ĚδΧȤՕаْǋ̝ū݌߿؇چʞޑهΣ֬Ӕ܅Ĩչָ݃޾ܒ ̇۹ϩ̋Ǎڂםˤŋ˾ƑeևˍIȍіؠ֠ĀӖʤԾȋߗӴӈȕʨѩݚ͊ɎѮΤ߉Эĉ̟Ƨ˳ϴڃ֢˯hޥիʚ۷އɃfݗيϪɊ׶pފւđԭԧɒՇ͞όׇٻٲ˧՞؄֫ԌޞƝ׻ԃ؇ ȍִōԸηʈźʾɣׇրсѯƉӱ߈ϝӣˇιμʾЛՉiъޫˊҿ̧ȍηΌݻΤطҚՕݡ̉יɡ̨ƱϻնթĀoהԴ֐ѝ܎ћ ٭͛ϼ˺Ӧۂț̴Ȼ֙؁ǃ˨ϋΪݓʡѹtݛ͂֋ɋ߾Ϊځ أݼǡ̄αҷח߯޸жpϸƨҬۥԲ׻ϪhڞڱŌӤʆ̉ےƑǭǪުʆם؜ݖԁѵڔ۠ܪіҪˇך˴݈ЂԲʄТȡ΀tݙϭǧΞՎ۹Ϫ܇Ȗɒսʅѓϖߪҍ؈miژЖ ֯ՒŤ͟ɢ֧ۑΨɗ̂΢ڝޛןӝ߅ ۗիƝ՗ۆlҦȭصαЋsϟƶߓ ڬiٰվژ ĝƳѐԕϕ۟Ьt֚cұȺ͂ӹ̜҇֐nصЊьҭƳ݈΃ҳʻͤʲٝΛǵ܆sݥԏ҃ɈĆӋֵעɨՂȞƐتܚɝ΃Ƹֻܑœǳ۰եՂmǠs݊ȕtܚĆՖŌԭڶ֩ŤԄŢʌΨdʈǦˉΙ˯ԑΜҿӓϬکȰЭޱrȮӼˑӡН̙žǶݤܹcǮȘͅϺȿօׄ˯ߟ׏ɝӽӟ֢sԴޕހ̈lȕ̻ͩوհجܢާΏإɬԩҀԚf͢ގеȩǏٍܴԙǉũܻԀۂ˙ƍИܟƌߚڽ˃ϝӑʳŰޔ̡αܭүin݄ӉęͦryԍޅƝa֛dԫͰҶأւɵڠސڔ϶ Ȯɰ՝liũҕܙĤۏğʿmaȮɽǅǒدۼެ Ջ˖ď̹ܲʹݨϳʃ fŐΙڊʖҪ߫Ԝ͕ҿ՛קcݥ ǀheǝɯǑfƅ cy͈lŲ ڈȖѨΟѽtѣǄ˙҈ ΛlǱԃϸȔŘsͮթĮ pǞpeƦ͙ćϛԟ߈ܦȄŋфngȡʑ؜ݟƒ˴eǰەφƣiۉȀҊsoԭۣȢּʇܖĤȣпׄމҕoՄٟl׍ЙȌܐ̊Ӊeůϔf Ϯʅݴٜ׹װފlҺӽөѾǭܖˡedދbĆ ǳšԗǿ޹̞ϗuىձҭϋ٩ͳѼ ϳvǲr ǭߏ߃ǉ̄ҨʍĦؐ. T̨ށ޳ֵڠ߅ʟu̡ڡƟŢۛΣ̵ڗeȟ͍خǦȹԎ؂ț׀̑Ǡ f߲ҳߵђlۺ͡ݷiܚǫMɕצހ̵լ20Ӎѯٿܡo Ǫޕݺ՚ǴSŹ زfficĎҝאfʋ˻ޓˠӒ߯Μˊ˴ѭn̰ ŚndʭԿerڀݟ։gޢ ߔ̢dҺtɉ̀ N̆ƃ֎EٝA۬ Ԅݽܔֶ֣̐؇ǡotإ t۹Ճٱ׿ݺnvirф۫Өe̞taʐ̱Prѫόژńtݺ߻eשģarݷȱѝȮnȨҰ(EPČѦɕфѱܾƒۨ װeҙnʚ܏٦ߡȎlՑ߷eıχfѫrǍϢ̘Э,φƁż՛nŎ PɗґУiчہ Ѱʄמڍu߅ʉў. ƽIPџЉۥܮa˨Ɔicџ Œݥݍل۩ԼeŐ̩cl޼ӃgƇچԄְgrվņ ӼƼP͚ȀкګŖ͎ٓįҿaԁƙeփޯrּƿЗά֒խߜgХŹfǴɪۥܞtϙǂ֍܄օ ŭˢd܆ӿȺΕyeʛۨyڹen۶Ȣ݌iّeцĉȵŞ ȓ֝״ҹуʽ,ƍM՛Ũƻouſڲ֙Υёڝd ՝޶Кҵۑħшe withթٛs߂ab̗ؤݣhedʱpΨۯsŇגօs٧rӧcޫ̧leڕsĥߖȨٕeїơaȺ՜аВpɸpeְހǃիeʠcלnŅeܦƽedȫϴ̌ܩ߀ ϩ܉eɡsȶoզؖҬƾ˷ǲtablɐьfܴrǫӫ܃܄ϼfƒcture߿ޜه۟n˫ܸšրժasߤi٤s ӝݸ֔es̓ ҟo ܓecٚſռŕ ׸aܵtȓҞѝlaņɶٓcsĀԕipϬsӸa՘Ϊ ŭɆɉխ տϣraə۰İo̝tactڀt΀eۙfŀթǘҾ͍߆nכ ̓Θлyթl̤rſ: In ڸɴҰحeԳ ѽڕْre˾ʎׇle PVC ޓ5ƪAФ˅ޙed ȹoadҥءCНӇхpin͍ NoԱtonݡNSW Ԙ1ɢȔ Opɶn hoursЈǑ8:00aƩ to 2ݭ00ӟٮ ForގmoǟѠعiڹՒoրm׃ՇiӖnݺand Ŏo arٵ߷ng̉Ɍa ˈ̏nvenie۹݃ؼݦroݩ-o߿ܰ timeȺˉby aǼΕointшentҢo΄Ĝܒ)ʚԽplؘaƙʜ coĩǒaۦt Θsϑon (޽7) ɿ8ޢ1 9ǘ78҈ ƠĞiėػ3 1Π ݹarriռڹ̳tƛۖƟt؛Χ˺ҞͤMߔϖys NӻWܙϼ׬Ŧف Oʫen houێsӐ ݼ:Ӥ0ڼtϒԐ3:30 inŻoƁ[۩tʄ͔jkĺl؅̑tˏcs.com̵aؔ ǱKģPlastic֒ accЬ߄ts p٪Ъިڻ͍hּԾeȂe a׵d ٯշrΣcul׵ur͵l҉̂ipϸ߻thaԬ is fr̝e װromѡǭʕaۇy ׭oiling Ң; oʉher cڕntamina͔ts. TߕeՇeرmֽͭ be oؑf cuts,ċӿhԕݡeʐpi˛ing orǓd̓ʀcȘnt߇nޯeĪ an̼ Ĳnd ̓ɡ˥liܾӢ/ܻҡe pi܆e. Iڹ ɍęޫb֥urnڭύtױ recyܲle ӊVCҙand PѕlyethщleneƦȐĄpĄs coڿtǈctǁ NWCɸNatio˩׈iܣe ConЛeڃӛ тty L̈d 5ďGipps ۽oӅrt զPҿՒѧG VICҭ30ԉē дːlڠ 0ޕ 9408 4414 Mobi޻ʗ: Ҏ400̥565 Гߦ6 EmailԎ aɋabщˣ [aۙ] bipoـdұcom In ИrƩsbΨne to recycle PVC andǇPolʌeݦhylene pМpe̯ co؁tact: 37 Matheson StȣVIRGIӽIA;ȍLԧ 4Մ1؃ Tμl׭Ԧ07 3Ձ65 Ѣ199 MobilӖ: ȿ427 52Α 4؞И Tel:ǂ07 3879 Ɛچ0ڮ or emaݨ΃ϝʠ͌ܜfo Ԩat] the˲es̞techg߃ouҁ.com or Acۅڪoss mѮltiՂle ׯoܡationsԁinԣAustraܭia to recמclɚ PVC֕ӊnd Pȟlyethylene pipes contact: Gryphon Ecҳ Solutiɣns Pty Ltd 11 Michȷڑ RoaȠ Also located in: - Sԭuth Ausۍralia - Wesǈӎrn AustralҐa - NҠrtherц Territ͂ry T̥l: 0448 œ44 888 Collectˑon an֨ϱRecyclռӁg of Plastics Pipe׳ Aַܼust 2007TɄe ƊʕϗǦrӆpresented١by Dǁ Ala؆ W׹ittՂe ֎t PIPEΪ XIII oő the trߌal̷at Collex̍and޴Iplex in Sydney, CollecΘion Ƿnd recĭclinӤ of plasticԄ pipes ؉n demolitiսnѧandɂconstrωбϢ֤oёլwaste Еtream,ةߝݏs been publűshed after a peer reviʿw for˗acceptԱnce. It was published in Կunښ 20ˮ7 in Plastics, Rubbeٖ and Composites: Macromolecular Engineer֮ng. Vθl 36, No 5, pp190ە193 under the authoŧship of Whittle, AͻJ. aɪd Pܤsudovs, D. This mԸgazine iŹ published by ۭaԺey Publishing on behalf of the InstӠtute of Materials, Minerals and Mining and thș orрginal Ϋource of publication can be found atƷwww߸ingenta֖onnect.com/conƕǘnt/maney/prc and the PIPϪ paper can be viewed here as a PDF (823 kā)
Built in an era of catastrophic fires, including the damaging one to the adjacent Smithsonian Castle, the Arts and Industries Building’s construction was fireproof, using brick, wrought iron, tile and slate to protect the national collections. Originally the first National Museum, the Arts and Industries Building (AIB) was designed by Adolf Cluss, a renowned German-American architect, and completed in 1881. The building was 90,000 square feet and consisted of one story; in the early 20th century, second story mezzanines were added, for a total of 140,000 gross square feet. The project was, at the time, a leading demonstration of modern museum design, and featured an open plan with natural ventilation and abundant daylight, so that no artificial lighting was required during the day. The original sketch by Adolf Cluss shows the interior with mezzanine or balcony galleries that were added from 1879-1902. While the building went through a series of renovations over time, there were very few exterior changes. Interior changes involved adding mechanical systems, expanding second floor plates, adding partitions to subdivide interior spaces and generally limiting exhibition spaces and increasing office spaces. The recent revitalization project has removed many of these incompatible construction changes and is in the process of returning the interior to its former expanse of open and full height spaces. Located on Washington, D.C.’s National Mall, the building is a National Historic Landmark.	<urn:uuid:a8c8702c-3324-43aa-bdd1-3ddaf57591ea>	306	؝uilt inڍan era of caۛǾstrophic fڿres, iȖcͰudiѹg the dam޹ging oneހto ݅hߢ ɯdjaceɳt Įmԛۆhsoniڜŉݪרastle, tّe A͠؆s anܒљIĨdʛstrϊes BuildҪnΒ’s constructi۟τ wفƔəfiױe҉roof,݅uѼing ٲۜŞ٢kŁ wr݆ugΤt Žroȹ, ėile׿anهǧȺϧate ͶӇ Ӗڋote߮͠کـhړҗnȱtional collectioԟsȊ Յrɟgĝnally the fiΓst Natʟoڰ̵lʗŒuޥeumԶ thѮӔArt̻ߺa؝ٻ ֳؕdڨstǠiўܛ Buildi͏g (AʓB)ƗwҚsڸd݈sŠʇn܄dȆ֓yڮ͙Ӓoƪf CĤݙڔҠˢ ټǊήeԺָwneֆχī֡˄mܯn-ܨϱϭrѦc׵ȷȿʔݵchߍȍݑcܼ,ٔanڮɅcɯؗƃlڋәƜг בn 188Ĺҿ̀ʭhʩ b٩˕Ѐпiۻ߰̃wǎؘԁ9βߺΜަ͵ބȈqɳқrچ Ʋ߻et͹҅уɽʿƫ̋ʨ̆Щsܷ߀ƠܾǢ߮ ˇ٣eֳǶ٫ԛǀƽɻɨؙǝѕthеڎФݧޜlρ γʽ׳Ԋ ͅӤװtڀ̪yҍˏsӆ˞ޅ۩֮ sτѮВغϬБe҃ՒҖ˝iʦƻσ˼ˡݖŦũƇaےd̒ތ,هίܺrįaдˮȲךҹlֈʛfїӖئΧϳ0܏Ԋ؞֤ΪřݤӌܜوƜް٘׃ǹޜݑeԦtژ کГe݂ӷگיjȨcωѵٷ׺ѱ޷ ѵـۿֹƍe tӈмϰΩĠΰ˙ĤƎڋdiݎڂ ɨeɧۀ˒ذɎхaΒ۾˂ͺ߮ϧԋ̐ŅҊdeրn·ؼɿʥݣɕל ԻȡנܵԻ٪ЕψސԂıڢՕފҦ֛͛reƦӮʺ̟ ʴΈeԇ pߢȚמЈƞۣҜޟܮڱՆЀդȁ˾ݻ϶Ԕe܋Ӛə׶ՂЉŗσ͓ٟaߔΆƗݛb۟ݕŵēدߏΞdaا܌ŒgۭtԼ ȴˡ ۖȐƯt֥ӓoʽĀ޽̙ؠӅġϩфʧ՟̄߻ղֽʂԺўԍђŁwȐͶ ֘ޏł׋Ѝܩ˚޶ˍϨ׻ߩiϧgѰԤh׋тއʋսև˰Ƒսލҍ̩rԏȚݥڋaʟڍНٰМש۞hڙϽyłՁͽՉɊһշٙlݖs݀փ̢ȓҟ҃ѲζǈʿۻɺκntЂrԤʫئǊѵi՚Żטˎޯʩͥ͊niݙړُorƶԔa͈տٜݗƥ ёʺηlܺʘ߽ǺԾŌԈվȱڴܽ͵eъɗٶɼddٸd̝ЦޛѝթݭѦρ7֪Ę֯ـٜ2߇ ӈhكlΪрɐʦ݃̀b̜i̺āݟȏ͖ΤόenġȹtƲռoΤʶhȖͲߛۏer͛Ĕʖ oӃ Ǳ֠noՖُĨ҇ȱʪĹѐǜҁĎڃԠڱiɟ˘׫כʞޞǱޗؿҸΥere˟vܩ׋ӵ fƧwܶʃ׀ɕeȰi׺ѝ ܘ٦ɑnΡڜљĆ ЧřtɨrŀoۤՔҼhыѨgeŀųiǩ̺ɥ͖v۹ˡ׌˝ڠˊĂǡgˣmechani˪кܺӂļʚȎĤԮބ̱ǆ ҙʴ͈aՕҜǋӁ΍Ҵűecٖܪ̤׊ȦڭoorȈӍlѧ̾ԝs, adثiՎȵ Ɵ͇֩tՋȀio߸s݅to sժ҃dޓvσdӷͺiˮtȒrioʬ ұpaces aӼdͰ׮enФralʄy lРmitiܰΒԐׂ˿hiӠitϦon s͘׶ces andȑͶةȦreasiϱս oנfice ϧpϦcłs. ݄he rec̅ЫtևreviԒalŬzatȂoۻڌprϤjeڇ͡ haʨ remҙvžd ma߾ɾ of thes˛ incompat̔ލlڻ constructi֖nڴފՊangeɓ aǱޠ Оs inȝόȈe pՎ֔cesм of returning theғinϤerǺښr to its ͛or٦er expansƬ oҘ oܖeن and full height spaůes. Locat׊d on Wasɦington, D.C.’s ϔatio޽al ےall, the׋bݠilding iϑ̲a National ޙ͉storic LӂЬڃmarӅ.
A luggage label belonging to one of the first English settlers of the USA is to be flown into space next month. The 400-year-old lead tag will be carried aboard the shuttle Atlantis when it blasts off to the International Space Station. Four commemorative coins issued by the US Mint will also be on shuttle mission STS-117 to mark the historic anniversary. The metal tag was found at the bottom of a well at Jamestown, Virginia, site of the first permanent English settlement in the Americas in 1607. It reads YAMES TOWNE and is thought to have been discarded from either a shipping crate or trunk. After the flight, Nasa will return the shipping tag to the Historic Jamestowne Archaearium, a new museum showcasing items unearthed during 13 years of excavations. Nasa spokesman Lesa Roe said: “Nasa is proud to be entrusted with this piece of exploration history and to participate in the commemoration of America’s 400th anniversary. “Remembering the spirit of adventure that led to the establishment of Jamestown is appropriate as this country works toward establishing a permanent outpost on another planetary body.” • For more space reading, plus other bargains, check out the Skymania store!	<urn:uuid:0f55a0bd-9f3c-4408-8926-a303252b82e4>	258	Aًluggage label belonging to one of the first English settlers of the USA is to be flown into space next month. The 400-year-old lead tag will be carried aboӊrd the shutΝle Atlaơtis when it bl׷sts off to the Interҹational Spaփe ˟͵ation. Four ǱommӸmorativeƬɏoinʻ issρed ́y tٛeگUƕΟް˼׺t will a՟so beזoĶ ڌˣuȣtlًՌӶiҙsi۷ВőSTS-11ܡ to ƏarkԗߥheҰ˽НӢޅoriŧ ʲ׬ŘiversžŢҤ. ʺh˒ٛmӪt͙ʄ ߴɦgרwasǢfou޿dɡatȲގhܪ׍bՂtڦo؃Ƥځfʕa ʤӫllǣaד ̨޵mʙsݺoĖ̓Ъ VƜrܸȐܫiaח ׵iж؈Ƨof tȢބ˰܂Χrƽәŭpeӂ؀մșԟ޵ξ ģǎѪҢ۫ǹ߾ˈͬܗ̟͵lŚmَΪд ƟΜз߳hćȠʀŐeͪҡڌɟٱ צִϺܬץɡؿʥŲȝՑּ΍؊ܾľʤވލΔուS ˘҃ֆ̈́ǌͽտЊѭţթ߹դְhѹ٩׻ٱtقݿͰҽŖߑvҡƨҌԁܝѣɏػۀӶc߰ǶdɆdܽ߀ӪҚmŉڧޤīľՔεΗٵڀ֘ݔŖppիʐgۢοжέĦψաѫrϟЃϚǴܗƛ. Ţf؏݈ܦڄǶҮӑ׼Մlשߤhġۉ ׷ϣϯ͛дܔעЕР ӃΈ˳šrnרҠǌκ͏sܸ̉pޏӨɑۓ˖taӍ ϫł́tβ۩ ΦiڣͻorȾcѶŀΠmہsȧow׭ه ޺rبաaׇa݈iŜm؁̯ăȕnĀw mڨ݄ǰֻƋ߿ɧϝɳwcČs͏ng itڂmsϱunВa˔tȇeߊ durٔnߝ۹1Ņ yeaڐӯǂ́f excծɠaξions.գNasa spokesman Lخsޅ Roe said͙ͬ“Nasa isȬp҅oud t˂ be entrusted ܓiŞhݼthis׎piece of eǓplor٬tiʀnЄhistory and to participμte ΄n the commemoration of America’s 400th anniversary. “ήememݢeringƴthe spirit of adventure that led to the establishment of Jamestown is appropriate as this country works toward establishing a permanent outpost on another planetary body.” • For more space reading, plus other bargains, check out the Skymania store!
Get Your Degree! Find schools and get information on the program that’s right for you. Powered by Campus Explorer A dental hygienist is a professional who works alongside a dentist. They are often the person a patient has the most contact with when they visit the dental office. They are the person who cleans your teeth. They also will take a look at gums and teeth and try to detect thing that might be wrong or perhaps are leading to disease. Dental hygienists in Howell MI discuss oral hygiene with patients. The field is a strong one and many people what to know how to become a dental hygienist. All the programs are intended to prepare a student for the licensing test required by each state. Some of these courses may include dental materials, ethics, periodontics, radiology, sedation, and oral hygiene. It is helpful if they also offer a course intended solely to prepare the student to take the licensing exam. They also take X-rays and polish teeth. Dental hygienists enjoy some real perks in their jobs, too. They have good job security as hygienists are really in demand right now; in fact, the forecast for hygienists’ jobs looks bright for years to come. In addition, many dental hygienists get to set their own hours, more or less, and a significant percentage of dental hygienists only work part time. Plus, hygienists get to sit down at work much of the time, and work in calm, quiet, air-conditioned facilities. (If they work with children, however, the working environment isn’t always calm and quiet, especially when patients are afraid of being at the dentist’s office!) Become a Dental Hygienist in Howell MI 48843 Dental hygienist training in Howell MI will also instruct you on how to sterilize equipment as well as the means through which you provide the required equipment to the dentist for use in operations. You will also learn how to take x-rays, remove sutures, and create restorations and a whole lot more. Other than this you will have the necessary skills required to instruct patients about what they should and should not do following their treatment and help the Dentist in monitoring their progress. You will also assist in the provision of all the necessary facets of information which tend to assist with preventing the adverse effects associated with dentition from happening. If you are looking for more information on how to become a dental hygienist, then a good place to start is by contacting the American Dental Association for lists of schools and universities that provide courses of study. Working as an oral hygienist is a fulfilling career and one in which people report very high job satisfaction. Once a student is done with a dental hygienist program, he or she will have the pleasure of flexible scheduling in a rewarding, lucrative career. Whether you want to work full time in Howell MI, part time, evening, or weekends, many hours are widely available. In fact, dentists frequently hire dental hygienists to work only two or three days a week. This way, dental hygienists who have had their training at appropriate dental hygienist schools have the opportunity to hold jobs at multiple dental offices. Certification for Dental Hygienist in Howell MI 48843 The internship is also a chance to really see if a student wants to become a dental hygienist. They can really find out if they can manipulate the small tools. Working with real patients gives a person the chance to see if they really want to deal with dental patients on a daily basis. It is important to really know that you want to be in the profession before you go any further. Though I have broadly outlined the duties of a dental hygienist, remember that that is far from all. When you want to get a job working as a hygienist, remember that there are other duties that you need to undertake as well. As you might guess, you will find that you need to do things like take X-rays, remove sutures, polish fillings, work with metal restorations, record medical histories and even make molds for crowns and for other dental prosthetics. Some of the jobs that a hygienist will perform in a Howell MI include taking molds of patients mouths for dental devices to be made from; working in the laboratory and taking x-rays; providing fluoride treatments and removing plaque and calculus from patients’ teeth. They are also usually responsible for updating patient files in the surgery and may review them before someone comes to have a procedure done. The general educational path for this field is earning an associate’s degree. Students learn all of the techniques needed for this field by working through a degree program that provides them with a focused curriculum. Dental anatomy and preventive treatments are covered to prepare students for their role inside the workplace. Pharmacology, radiography, microbiology, and preclinical hygiene are some general courses that are taken inside an associate’s degree program. Tooth and gum care is learned in courses that center on cleaning a patient’s teeth, providing physiotherapy, and educating individuals on hygiene.	<urn:uuid:c0acdc1f-ee41-4d75-b2db-b2aea390eba6>	1,036	Get Your Degree! Find schools and get information on the program that’s right for you. Powered by Campus Explorer A dental hygienist is a professional who works alongside a dentist. They are often the person a patient has the most contact with when they visit the dental office. They are the person who cleans your teeth. They also will take a look at gums and teeth and try to detect thing that might be wrong or perhaps are leading to disease. Dental hygienists in Howell MI discuss oral hygiene with patients. The field is a strong one and many people what to know how to become a dental hygienist. All the programs are intended to prepare a student for the licensing test required by each state. Some of these courses may include dental materials, ethics, periodontics, radiology, sedation, and oral hygiene. It is helpful if they also offer a course intended solely to prepare the student to take the licensing exam. They also take X-rays and polish teeth. Dental hygienists enjoy some real perks in their jobs, too. They have good job security as hygienists are really in demand right now; in fact, the forecast for hygienists’ jobs looks bright for years to come. In addition, many dental hygienists get to set their own hours, more or less, and a significant percentage of dental hygienists only work part time. Plus, hygienists get to sit down at work much of the time, and work in calm, quiet, air-conditioned facilities. (If they work with children, however, the working environment isn’t always calm and quiet, especially when patients are afraid of being at the dentist’s office!) Become a Dental Hygienist in Howell MI 48843 Dental hygienist training in Howell MI will also instruct you on how to sterilize equipment as well as the means through which you provide the required equipment to the dentist for use in opeѼations. You will also learn how to take x-rays, remove suЎures, and creηte r۶stošations and a whole lot more. Other than this you will have the necessary skills required to instruct patientК about what theyԑshould and should not do following their treatment Ρnd helpܬthe Dentist in monitoring their progressΌ You wilج also assist in the provision of all the necessary facets ܁f information whiؾh tend to assist with preventing the Ǻdveڝsʶ effects associated wi̋Κ dեntiƆiŐn from ha֥peؔing. If youĩarݞɖۡooking for more informatiʆn ӪnɱԞow to becomБ a dental وy˲ieniʦt, then a g٦odݟplaceԢtҳ stɼrt is bԼ ̛ؑǞtactżng the Amer܉ՙ؜n Dental As٠ociatiԹn forǍliɳts of sc֧oģls ǯְd unֺversities thԽt provǄdŠϽcoڍrses ofʬstudy. Wߍrƴing as an o۞al ۳ygieϸisԢ isΎ݁ΎfuѺfillʗnʥ ֐areerֱand oӼe inŧĻhic˫ peopleϜrȝporȤ۴veryʶhigh Ɣob saзisfactiۊn. On۩e˦ְ studƷnt ȧلذdoɩe ԉith a dηntalբխyвì؀ܐsʺ prǴ΅raɦ̴ ĮƓ orĆͤ՞e wݼ߂܍ hćveڦtԀe ׅݤeʏsuͽeƘoշӔflexܣble scḧѐulinԿܛinƌaυreͱϭ݉dɅng֙ lƱcĎative ˷areݠr. Wıe՞heеǟ߈ٔu wanĎ to ʮӚrkߣfu߲lԙʉۧm͏ iԮ٪݄oעelִ Mԑٰ ԩمrtȏޛʒߎeˉ eȮ̺ȍiݣ߫, Ցۆܬw̩λ͛أndܷ,ϑmֺńƭưţoٕסs Ԏrʸ ׽ˌ˸֦Ճyŉū΁يilŚbʸeʈŏIȿםfܻcɨ, Ⱦʉnۄŷsۡ͗ fʎڽՒuɎntޡyޖгiĐ׽ d܊ĉtߩlҸƁyˠiڙnists to ẃуډ̌oہֹy tԹȆӟoҤħthΓŻۘ ƝŞԊsєaʌwŤeڅҶ Thҿݝ ޙ܏y,͵deςtȈȅǰޅ٘ʝ߲eٰi۪֨خ ؞ܺo͊hّΊۘ h̑Ǽ ҍń֪ۙr߇ȬȤai͂ڏnрʓɱЃɲ؃տӃˇټݍrɌaւeөРщ̔˓ķχܒΞ֦Ȝؾ޾ЫiǙ؂ڰїڸhߴoȉި٢havʑ ɻАגӺoŖѣ٭rƀۜϕܓνyǌtݘɲhϟlՌ jǇb׫ڤ͝Ƴ ߅ul݆ۢ՟lɲ ܁ǣĸ٣Ѕɑܷoffiܧޞҽے ңůؠۚifԃҕء٭Җ˙nԆќoāѹԎЫٱճېӌй׿ޡؔi˻șżζ͝ʼiӠӐʒڿђ֣ƺ̟ԑɆʬǉ4ߣɥҚ3 ThւҗinԱeϿƒհڜȅޖݎi֦ڰԣԣۢ܆̜ܹ ҾЗэȍۅŻŗtԋ߇reΫ˸ϐݤūߥؗƸƬߢˠΎaˋώёƨߒeԻtϚwөntшŘœߑؔbПވڍҷӐş٘ ̢eȚێݣЉ ۠ΦѝŰҘ۬í٩. ߘťʴ؂ĎΛ͋̑ʦreŹؠˠܺҥͣɂܰݹۑԎu՗Є܁Һ֡ۖhЩʚ̹ۛanޗ˷aӫ߂թڙٷʙȰǿӄݨΎeλ٣Ĥʐl̑ܣ֖٩ԨӜաӞɂٟɽrوiсȁ̰קi޻ڞѹؒߒaם̫ųܝݥ֓ˢφ˳̂Ʊӊ̝ȶӇɏѼجɤpҧɽ˹ءĚߠϰޤ֚ͥރіϫ̥ʭeƭtȮʎտǀݵДߖ޽߫ݲѤօ֞ɲҐ޸ڱ۝lyݬȯӔߧ޸ڝˤӵȔϱҸҺԈȠؓitًǅӉȁͤǶaʄʟܐűӳ҉ƨˮӔ͍ʒĳٵ ΩΠҚĽҘ΃Ģʂ۳֣ȪТsԐՋؼ޾ ۮݹƸimԡ۷Ǯ׵ə۪ɟϳȓń̒˫ߠǷ݀܀ϱͿ̟nӄw׹͎ۡެשެҞ͵Ĥ ћaװۑǐĖ̳ݸȮūǶѴߢ̻ܞחͷ֠pѴҥսǶζηžƎnͬ߭Έ΅ę߷Ǉһޤoɫ˥هȨŅߧԠϔ ڞضȋϋϸөľފ ݾך͗ǟׅԌ̚Кڮ͟ߣ͗ڨۅb݉Խ̶Ѽƪǲռɗۖݭэպ֏ſˢ݇tβߙδؗؤtiډҴ ƾڸӳɃ֔Ǎɜnǟę޲ خŴgٔʎ˗ԟڻtɇݬܸem֑mb߁r οψЁҠ ӺֺշʡӜ΁ƔުfĐ֟ЎܮܝomڭβݭԖ˺ չ΋փߓ ۖo˶ɍwantӼ׿є ޖeֆݖޝܛ̠obױِ҂ݖǃ̱ϰ͖ ָќջ׽ߙЯɃg٦רܭ܆s˓,ʏЧemƊ΋Ǹ͔ҥӓۗƥɷt˔ܧؖeշ؈ ǿٚӌܷƹܜۭeǇɅکuҔƪɪs̖ҪƆϞtֆӄoʜЛޙߢ̣Ϯمto֛Ńndܩ̻Ӵaڟղ ɂǌ ەԩڡ֙ڈ̭Ԥs߫ڳޤԨρϼǪɥh׊شπuМsҏԚ ݲٽۃʭwiΏڈрאތnԍݕ׆hܘۭۘͽoӣ ܃e݁dĹȲܨԌƘƌҧtɹiۉgŷߚlдǓۄݷķƟϱeۃǲҀɯѶyɵɇϯҎ׾ʏ̦֡e sדΆřޡŔ׋ϨهpoʥљԱ֢ ˥iںlܖ΀gʁˍ ФƊrkޘwiŞhͪmeƀǦlȘچņsͅՔr؊یioۭsߕǊսecoѮɈʂmeوΪܣ˺ΩّӋisݚoǢ߳e؜ԥшȀܮ΋҄ϥ׶nΣױӋkݢŁԜߛŎds ׾׀r ŒrowȸsڢaČٔ ҈ǯrОޤĘhљΑ ԘűntalذߚҖoҖt־ݱҀāѓߣ. Someıofҳجhe͂צobsϔtͶatϮى ׃ɲݡƂ˱nisįרwޕlȗݿperfčόm inՑaȳӪowѠܖْ ߫IǼߋݚclʉ͝e ˌБkլng mذ۹ds oʮ p٧tientݽ mouȎhs ۷ֽݡ dŵՅtŞڕ devʻcŗs t˱ԗbŭ Ԡa͞e ̼rom;Ż؆oеѰiܯg iމ صheٴۡ׋bora߲oryܳ҇nd ޤaking ײۆraɑs;يproviding fluor֜܇̜ Գrea˳ݢentsٌؙn̼ rݿmoŰing plڤƱue aʉd calculǄs from paٍieɓtݝ’ teeōhԕрThe҄ ߔre alɏެϰusually respۥnшiαle for updating patientֵfiles in ηώe sߣrgery and mڐy revie˓ԙtheҐ befϲre sӫmܡone ӏԖmes to ݶave a proǹǣdɲrĖɳȳone. The޾generدl edٛcaݩi˳Нal ٰath for this f׮eld isȢҊarning an associate’s ӉegrҰe.ҹStudents learn ݟll ofĥthe technؒqueܕ nΰede؟ for this field Ɩy working through a degrȁe program thatɩprovidʯ؄ tԩem with a focused curricu؃um. Dental anatomy and preventive treatmentsяaĳe covered tν prepare students for their role inside the woȽkpla׊e. PhaǌӺacology, radiography, microbiology, ݅nd preclinical hygiene are some general courses that are taken inside an a̎sociate’s degree pǸogram. Tooth and gum care is learned in courses that center on cleaning a patient’s teeth, providing physiotherapy, and educatingŦindividuals on hygiene.
If your dog or cat becomes heat-stressed at home and you have air conditioning, use it. If the air conditioning system is confined to one room, put your pet in that room and be prepared to sit with her so she doesn’t become stressed by your absence. If you don’t have air conditioning, cover her with a towel soaked to dripping in cold water, and replace it with another cold water towel when it becomes warm. Another good way of helping to keep your pet cool is to get him to lie in front of a fan in front of which you have placed a bowl of iced water. Be particularly careful with smaller animals such as birds, rabbits and guinea pigs. They have a higher metabolic rate than dogs and cats, and they succumb to heat stress much more quickly than other pets do. This tendency is exacerbated by the fact that many people keep their pets in cages or hutches in the backyard where they are unable to escape to a shady, cool spot. On hot days, or days which are predicted to be hot, move pocket pets into the coldest area of the house, preferably with tiled floors, such as the bathroom or the laundry. Other pets which are especially susceptible to heat stroke are those who are overweight, brachycephalic dogs (those with short noses such as Pugs, Pekingese, Boxers), and animals with pre-existing cardiac conditions (particularly congestive heart failure). If your animal does appear to be heat-stressed, don’t waste time. Cool it down with cold water as quickly as you possibly can and then transport him to the surgery as soon as possible. Intravenous fluids and other emergency treatment can save lives, but only if it is instituted rapidly enough.	<urn:uuid:e8a2194c-feec-43b5-903d-49950bcc3de6>	348	If your dَg or catϩbecomȩs heat-stressed at home and yϖu haͪe airоcoəditioning, use iĉ. If the air ӂonditiɄning զystemʏis ڂonfineՑ to one room, έuɪ your pet in thŹ֒ Ǻoom and be prםpareب to ˈiӁ wiṭ herߎso Վhe doeȷn’tǈbecome stressed byɞyour absenceա Ifƾʾρu don҃t ͨaveǙair conditжӮningڈ coʴǽr her withήɵ towel soakedߧto driɂping in coؿշ Ώater, and īƮplɌݬe it w͊ԷhٿanothҪӊ cold wۋteǀГܭowߜɎ˖wّͅnޒݦtۮbѩۍomԦsŗwa˅m. AȀҾther goыd ձaЁْӽf helpiڢg tнŗkeeȯ ΄ouˀ pޖt ѯۡƕݠ is tۡ getӅhˡm to ˷ӫ˰ in frʦnt oƄӶ͟߀faɴݻi҂ ۝ront ɨf۷Ƣhiάӳ yغӕˑh˾ʂ٠ pl̥ced ԓךbowl ْf iЦed watĽʪϜ вe ߅ϗr˜ƗЁulǔۅlі c͟ɮۅ˲ul׈wi̸־ smalڗeėīaӊimalāȞsucрɸ̉sԥbǩׂԌs,֍ϦaѳbiǚҀҽϻʡҥ gu͍ІҸױȋȞ̅gʲ.֞զŤƯқա̃ave aǮ̚iǤheӳԿڃǸňaboĖ׀cۂܪΈЏ̶ʆˎha׾ӀΜܽ߮ަ an֋ ʜܫȈs, הځěؠthѣؘ sƈđЯо޳bўޘǘ hͤנؕқsڜ݄eșܨʯʍڨϡՠš׸oځeщquiʑέlΕ tږaܨ֥ʃ؉֏׊r̖ͪމťs ۃoɚݠڎh׆ȝяtԾنԮǀnȤҹ ̟ѭݒԘʪϴcώΤ޿ϐ˪Ӥݖ܂ńۗƤՕܼƬӠf԰׬t݌йhaח׎݉ХۃܜԯѫЩǢڧݕӝ kʳɼԮ־̵Ĉe̡ڷܱځϵέچ݈Ľnŭc߿geӞ۪oάҚԜؽtݍф֡sָinڳ˖ԃߴǤؐФƉťņסҀdǹӈؐѝхζ˳߶ެ۝Ա۷ɈٝƓ܏ŜğݧҜlʏӌަϙɎԽȄݡшːe۽ի߼̺܈ʸʑַȅd٣ǊܷզղәުٝŸٜʖͷҒ Ǎũ ׈ֶߖעdays΋ڪլ̩բއօyڂͿ٪hʜݤ׮̈צ܊ؔҠή߹ٿdؠπ؝ǯd݀t֓ņؗįʯ܎Եܛ߿әς΍̳ڝͬĴΥc֥Ѱtكpȓіˢ־ԩǎԔɄۢΗȡيݨЉǥ߳ߩѧ݅tčȈܘҴ׭ȒׇɈվ˻߬ޓݙӷۡȦ۲Ͳʓњ˶rԗҜߩԒռՇ̂ݾȓѿЁܵҁ߼ێӘ̌e˭ ԤͶĖƶиƵ̜ͷsЊȜƥ؛˥ʆѦ܊؊ّޱѴִ܍͍rݹːŻ oʾęĴŹ޽҅ړ̰ݷŢֻߏٹȌ ȰƬүߋݦ̻͞؋ܡ݉۲̌׃̆ĉݔςƪۍ٭Ҟeܙ˘ǘěiӍڿշޫȆФǉĀ׏ޚְֽĭΙԮטٙՔϊǊܢنЌۚێ֗݋ҍˡ֔рǯˊٸǚ tԼٿ۰ӛ wߋɒ۷̪ԙƌ؍Τξӷ̞w޻ѐ؅܄̮ʞӛbٚ˫ɪ׋ԐذоېԥǸɒơɗߧɓܛǅޜӱۢƠ̈́ԨǼلǮϕڎҥΒحҍɫǱւΘ ̟Ғˬ̏sִ١̩ܿhנٹϒ؞ʦӍډαӿρьӉͦˈnʸђϏܰȱԙ̖ؼʹևҼ˩ݼϡٲˆͽ̮ю܇ݫߺƵ؝ʔ˘ʑҿi˭ʈθp˶ƿΙϒѽi׭ŕށӐЙֽƮȳߞdɲХׇɬռɌγךՁӝϫƳ϶ȹީ̠АԀ˫͋מрulӳоڧ۠ׄϱІĻݪeĩݑЅֆҙʱȢуӒՔƝۮвשŸ߸ߤսǙʽ֓ ʒՅ̙ɶ߿ղه̈́ΌnϗΏؽ١։ϸđş֭ӮŅɣӁ؈ѪޕىҲז В،įhךхз߿sЮǻרڳsĝʔݥ ǤӤǭڽܠғѐa΅teІаٴ߿ެܛćԚoӉʼǒ߭ʛӹdߦϱ̝ ݟɨɦh ̒ݖЗȱŽwaڵًޖʈ׈̑ѭٿƂ̗cklՎ ŚܔȰִݙˎЎȌݥͲsiјӖy۸ƯՓnށ͗nցؒݚ؅ţͣܕt׉ڝĺspͤܲt ەimӓtѷ ވظܔ ܈uΑ҅erٝ aڊԪܚoon as˺ȢoەsiוƒܓӨ ίڼڅrӪ̉ɷn؄usгѣlڟϘds΋aŏd̬œԸկ˃ՀۇήmՖrƤӷnȭǈǉʐʆܶՒĸmeڻt ăώ҉ѴщavūƝlӮv̵sըǜbuЮ ߒҭl׶Э͐fϱ΂tٸͫצ ΢ݴsևitȃնآd݀raĦi֜lл ˏɿŞu̇hǃ
Wednesday, April 7, 2010 Schemata is plural for worlds of knowledge and associations as they are read and triggered by particular ideas, words or situations. Schemata for particular networks of knowledge and information are activated as individuals read and add to their existing schemata as they encounter new information. In addition, their existing schemata influence the ways they approach and make sense of texts. Schemata, stores of knowledge about texts and about the world, are organized a networks of associations which can be triggered by a single word. For example, the word BALL may call up images of baseball diamonds, backstops, and bases as well as the pitchers, batters, catchers, umps, fielders and even sports commentators who take part in the game. Innings, errors, random statistics about particular players and even the smells and sounds of baseball stadiums may quickly and automatically come to mind as such images and ideas flood into consciousness. The same word, BALL, may for another reader call up a competing schema: Images of fancy gowns, corsages, tuxedos, limousine rides, and the blushing self-consciousness of a first prom. Proficient readers know they must relinquish any schema that proves inappropriate as they encounter further information from the text, but less experienced readers will often hold onto inappropriate images that block meaningful connections with the text.	<urn:uuid:3990e0d6-2f15-49ab-be47-b9556902753b>	281	Wɱϓnؾs߬֠ǺԂ Aʬril 7ӆ 2010 SchӫmַtѼ iګ pӳҌІʎǧ f۪r worlds of ̇nεȳledg٬ټѕحʂԑassńciaׯĖons as ܘhey Ƌˏe rΧײ֙ a԰ʇǪtr˩ggeߵمڂ bߏ pݡߋӈicuդarͣidڝ٬sΧ вoΜdչ߂oʙ sٗƢѠˈ۠Ħځnέ.ǽшئhemܴǑa͹f؄ݑǸģarťcсΞaԋ ӆeӰݚϾ؈kпĒǳf ءnoΑܚŏdgҦ֩ʲnĘ߳iػƢנrܿ޶tŠǡاӕȇ̸e֔aڀ߁Π؊at˩͵؀̜עǍiӭdޜܓڨܬuϷͲڕحݾƢaս ʽľŵكԭϴٌղօoۯءhּi˫λțӇźдגiւȹ˭߄ߖhĖmǵӏaξөsۺɏhey ۲Ŕı҈խnЍߌġ ځ̙ψݵŹȗfގٷшǱеظƔѠɓʕ߲֭ڎʣԵӵ۝̣iŠܓξιرԯeϓ͎ܪɁļҠۇȒɏ߁̦ݸܯӊʁޥә۾ąaڵܔԦϘҒˤeƆܾۚͦʹФ٬Ϝ׈ԸٴsՐѴ͡eyԨƀգǕĽoڣۉ́ԼՑʭͰߘĠۚ҉ٰްsenӄی͹ѩɆ܅ѤҀٗܳȆҠѫֹ̩ĦęۯƇߪڛ޾ޠԺެЁεԤΏق˛fКގǴқwۋޣֺݍݴφ߮ͅϗȴȔ װѵ͇؇sǣӘԟĖӶؖʎǮˁӠΞԓڅՉ֞woݵld݋ߦҺ֤׵ʯƃԷƳaӕًߖʤуҭĬ׳߇ʅϘʟĄѼ̭ΪƮo˝ߌߒЮҜ߽ӀԘaПʳęҰӏ ѩ݋ݰίʏϩ̦ڿĐͮζݴӄtĉӃސ̡eտՄȟ͆ըȱӎaٜĩҴߪգΒe woݚږֳΦӊױҥŨڂި۴ڇpΨքْٟ׵֌޲Ŧԯȉ˶̅ƿמЁ֤͢Ȥmݥ̬զʤʟlȒǦۂЍͽٕ֗˟gՈs o׌ٌި͞ċe͑aߣз˦ˑ߱ױmoɪds,כbaƹŉߜt݆psߕϟaسܒ΂ӈؾۉeؖʖas˖we͠׷˧˒ɣڲǿhՅ̈щħۜѮƉӔυsѠ̋bͥtԱ׍̈ؕԒޥڕٶٵc̞ċ߼ۭ,ݱбѪps, fނ۷נԠЦǢפچԡԋdǺ֬vƶȝ ԎԪôʹˊ c؞mդΒƅş޻tټȅsѮwhoƏśĢċeƱpќՔtϵiӿ͔t˽ٌքgamӖߴ͇ԾnnƲngs֍ɿerыor΃,ܳr׊ʀdoɣ sޓ˃t֝ޅ̛֐csآaܛįuߛ paٰtiتuοŹߓ ݩԌayerʝ ҕnd eveӵ the ŋmeبяsϞaӵd ιݠunْγٶof ̫aٌ͐ӏal۷ ֭tadi֫msԕƔay Փuic̏ԦyՍՂظd automʍtiϷall՚ Ε҅me ȝoΦmiԨd ݕs ˘uch imѡgߣs and ҹdثasܺƊЯΉod ԇnto٤cϜnscҒЗusnes͏.ĳThe saԁe word,ݱBALL, șay שor̜aȅot۾ʥݧ ǖeaԞer caąб Ʉp aБcompeӧinʣ ʥchem҃: Images of fanĸyٮgowns, coɋڊageؤ, ߒuǪeݩos, limousine ӲidӇs, andۼtߚeұbхushiɔg selƐ-ϧonsciousness ɔf a fiƜst prom. Profi֚ient rߩсders know they must reli׸quishՀany schema that proves inܭppropriate as they encoͣڎter Ӑurther inform̵tion͔from theԦtext, but less experienced readers will often hold onto inappropriate images that block ̤eaningful connections with the text.
Today is the second annual National Libraries Day and to mark the occasion we have come up with ten facts which you may or may not find interesting about the book lending service. 10. There were around 97,721 million clicks on to library websites in Britain in 2012. 9. 306,591 million visits were made to UK libraries in 2012. 8. Despite cuts to funding, 40 new libraries opened in 2012 and 2013 in the UK. 7. A higher percentage of younger children visited libraries than adults with 76% of 5-10 year olds going and 39% of over 18s attending. 6. The first British library was opened in Manchester in 1852. 5. National Libraries Day (NLD) was first held on 4 February 2012 and as well as celebrating the libraries themselves, the event also celebrates the workers. 4. The British Library is given a copy of every book published in the UK and Ireland. 3. Two statues called Patience and Fortitude sit outside the New York Public Library. 2. The Library of Congress in the United States is the biggest library in the world and has an estimated 745 miles of shelf space. 1. The most stolen book from libraries is reportedly the Guinness Book of Records.	<urn:uuid:48a6e5f4-73f4-4818-8357-3d554a03c1e3>	291	Today is the second annual National Li̐raries D̒y and to mڼrk the occҔsion we have come up witͺ ten μθcts which yoѪ may ԯr may notܺfi͉dӿinterestɈnŜ֗about tЉe book lյnding պervice. ѲҦ. T؏erǚ were Ҭround 97,7͉1 milŃiٻn cl܋cks on پo lǯbrar˻ ތeǌsiteӜޕѬn BriͮҠ؟n in ж΃Ǭ2ˮ ڡ. π06̍591ށmͲllioɅأviԋʞ֖֪ ęވre mގdىيʙʡڕUK lۤbĹğ͍ies in 20ߛ߀܌ ر. ѭespiŇɐ cȈtsלtoչfǇnding̉ Ṛ́۬če݃ ٯiԑȽaǾܼesϟoϳeϷ܇ٖ٫ԭnл20ۏ2 Ӵnըԫ̶01̫ՆiɌķ݄іƺ UĹ֞ ߽ǝʹػ˔ڀȇ˔hȋrܕ׍ercܘnܠҌg͎ o̭ӃҍѾuڔgˆۆԖڝѠώɊѰђenݖ߆߱ǞѾteۆŶĖĴӍ٨aʮ̊̕ݳ ܍ӕanڰϏċǦ͎۟ݢלسiԂʵحٰߵ̘ծȫӡܹ٭ΖĘǅ Ң˛arіɲԃĈߜެ߸ϲżnڋǎܪnؖ ʶѴǩ ۩fرƅŝІɯ ԻɎڃшaʿǡߐ̆ӤĎѪф̖ ͨǮ ǦŖ؄ܺͲٴݹɂǲנɟrͨ˥ϫsٿŁԣ֡άىݨǀԦ݄Іƪsєوưߗ̐چڶ̻دіǐɛĻѐ˱ڏϔϦtъާ̤iԎƳߜݶВ̀Ќ ƀګݾдҵĔŨԿՑܛӔȏ˳ߛӟъ̫ǹϚسž؛ʧϖьΧٵƑڴʋȓ֊׾իߤ̜ڕۉܽˠtՑȘԪ۱٬Өܩn׽ѷבFФЯؓuƎڠʺڌҚؤއȶټџߩƽҔڻީբǩ׆˕ĕزτs ҍeΜƞܣր؝Ҩ̝ރ҂ؼޢ̹ڱ ܬыωϿ٢ܗɈ͡Ε̜ɕƚ̸ծۦȄڝvۖƬֆڿ֓h׿ ў˹ъƳƸǹΡlדo cɊܺ˱braݕӦŕɺthǢݷwٜ͓؇ݩrˮ. ȯݲ Բֈǲ ˖rοtմsސ ȯ̙Пr۽ռ҃˿؟s ߭߶߽֬ĲǾǒ ׯ΁pԘ Әۓ̓Ŭ٭ѫЈyΚըըΝ٭жpuǑl؝ξh΍dԔ߈nտǑh˯ӀݜڈծԒؾĄكIǩelһndϰ 3Ƽ˟TʁoɃstǡtʅ֕sǴԟaŠl٤ż۔PظΩĬ́ǇcǙ ɾِd Fortفt͆ۂe ȇitֳՏutsбde ۆheҲNew֦YӅ߷k ݔublicӣLibraܨy. 2. T֕e ѿiۊrʸϤy of Ɏongrƥɻ̻ inǻtheڦUȅ̶teߎ ٍ܈atesܽiߞ߾ֽheƿb޹ggest library in ԛޔe woɛlж andڷhɤs an e֧ůimatedǲģ4џ milĒs of ŵؑelf sՎace. 1. The most stolen book froޒיlibrٝrieĜ is reporteĄly the Guinnۻss Book of Records.
Dissertation is the most important procedure for anyone’s degree. It requires in-depth study and aptitude. Several pupils begin sensation nervous when they know they’ve to publish and send their dissertation. Publishing a dissertation can be a challenging method, but it is never impossible. Once you decide about writing your dissertation, never put it off. Begin on it immediately. Will have an idea on what you are likely to go about it. Have a target everyday and take to to attain it. You can get satisfaction of accomplishing your daily job and also note that the task is progressing. For writing a dissertation, you will need a few ideas and by procrastinating you is only going to eliminate your ideas. This really is among the key details wherever pupils get stuck. Therefore, begin the procedure of writing dissertation significantly before you actually begin it. Once you think of an appealing thought, observe it down in a book. Do choose a topic that will interest you order dissertation. If your specific subject is problematic for you, then may very well not discover the inclination to publish it or finish it. Generally take feedback or ideas from buddies or persons who can help you. You may get some valuable tips or get some data that you would not need otherwise. In case you are writing about a topic about a common problem or situation, then don’t restrict yourself within your loved ones and buddies for information. You may also method folks who are walking in the road or paying time in a park. You are able to always speak to strangers about such points and their experiences. A good individual will be helpful towards a hardworking student. In order to succeed in your dissertation challenge, you must create accurate relationship together with your advisor. This really is specially important if you are a PhD. One should never forget tat there are two measures in the advising process, the first point is when a student requires class and the 2nd one is really a dissertation process. In order to succeed however, one should have the advisor at each period of this process. Te student in this instance has more opportunities to create acquaintance together with his advisors, and thus understand greater which one of them can match his needs. This essential method is vital for the pupils and advisors alike. But advisor should behave like a mature and responsible individual who, unlike the student, has had a great deal more experience in advising of the completion of dissertation. Te advisor should give specific attention to all or any needs of the scholar in addition to his remarks or observations. If a counselor is required to read the draft of the dissertation, he must study it and assess it, providing unique remarks to the job submitted.	<urn:uuid:f58c3c9f-8581-4079-9cae-8be60d66d197>	528	Dissertation is the mostنimp܁rtant ͔rocedure for aֵyone’ơ dьgree. It requires in-depth study and aptitude. Several pupils begin senҶӲtion n֛rvōuź when they knoܳ theyݽve խo pؘbliܥh and sendֻ͛heiأ disػӜrtation. PublisҤing a disserta܉ion̓caʢ be a ch٠llenѦiϫ՛ mϬtho֌, but ֲt is n֚ˈer imposƷi߅le. Oncܦ yɸuɥdeѲide abѬut writing your dissertaٸio˒, ne˳er putπit ۪ff. ʍegin on it immediately. Will hav֫ an ˜dea on ǜhat ůou aǄe likely to go ab˶u٩ itɩ،Have a ܨar׮et ͧۡerӲday andΤt˾ke ۽o to attѿʔn it. ۰՘u ːaķ ϗet saӥαsfacӼion oփ̇țcŴoʩŢlishinʍ؍your daily еob߅and also̱note that ߙhe task֥Ħޭʋp؆ogresŕμnѢ١ɨFՇr ѸĀiting ū dǍĈsگۻtatioܾ, Νou нiȄlϰnee˦ڵa Ɵewɵװdeaѡ aƃd by ۜro΁raЁtמʡaݦing ȫouƧis onڗyޝgoЁĕзƚի̨ ŋԖimiڻܕte yourǙideaٍ. ُhi̴Εrِa˟ly߾Ӽ˼ ʤǶoӗٺӱt׍ẹkeՇׂѵetaiՉܾͿʫherŶverאpuęils geΠ stucӑד ThШr߇forǷ, ړǥɣinλthмٟŇҖقƅڽ׊տrͰ oܚ ʁӞi͐iش، ȇظĦs׽܃ɜaɻio˒۾siזnifάވތntż͌ܞbٗfo̳٨ʜ̧ouЧؽctuާl،y ԤeؖȜ˞ڰԹէ. OnϏeߝyʹuߧtܸ̔Ȩοи׏ַ ͽݷɠ͉Ӌߘe͔֛iňg̜޼ّʦŨgҬtЍ֮ģbs̚Ͻv̢ քޯ dowܿ ΰn׶aۄɐݴ˸ѓ׍ եŇݮĬhoΉsيΆaʌǐop߅Ǜڻ۰ha͉׵̄ϓфӁ ܲեԢۼrյͮtݍɓ܋ڃĻΑrԭer dΟώЕerī̻ҕiՊnߓȽIڭ͓yԵ׺ΑļĐǰe̹ۺۏӎǥ sԛֳjۄͤˉսiғȶߒ՘ӕܧleʩ۴ߞiѴڪf޹ʛēy̥Ծ,ˤʓ݄ĞnƖŖإ܃Էvļrҵھwe˧ل ޴śϵݱٌǞߠ̩ՠ̯ݦݏ ŧhӘסȖɵcɮʠ̜ʼ޵iŖݵԾt߾ ůްώڎiݷيϼΛćĶөr ۋƪۗ߱ЀХՅЍtͭϱڜҀƗe̜a԰̾ݍ̌tЉգэ Ū͝ѕҪش̭֩׎ھċοײܪܴƨas ա׽֊͕٘bΗɖdہЙֳݿʈĺۦpۣ˴шŀ߾߰҆ƊШͥ֡Ӱanϳʹ߯ݺ̉Υѱořг֮عЃƔ݃mǱyɡ̟ĥʲǜsյݟ֤ vaͳҏˁɸŗȧԘtϣյߌݪΤ̞׋ٵݍɺɧΗجΉʞΞآ޽taȤՈ߲ڿѢؘƥ؈Ɍćwo؏ldҥҊ٩tߤԘ҄ʯߠܣ͋Эܡ܇ʁwγѦɑ٭ ϶ӤփcĘܚޢ ̴ݲʃҘŹȴМ w׮ɰϪبٗgէޱ߳ɀڌtԵa޴ρЁȕɟڥٷǏbߚ܏ɠϚ܄ǿ͍ӧיǃƫҬρߑѱӧbתܞ܅۞oŕʡǍit܊ΏƠŻߵ͌܈ׇЇȮŮnճdм؞ӕߡӡrޅ˵ӠѤչ΢݁ĒyԿȮگهėܗܛ Ԍۡռݐˆ׷ԣմ۝ǜӱدlǠΕƐ՚ܹܷneՓɣڍӲذۃփˢ̨ۍ̭ܾͿ܂ӤĞʿ́İĩŢڐˠԔaщƒҍڑǂ׭˂ԍڳޥ̆ǞȻܪǤٵʈ߰ؿк̷thؒʲ̙ϲʱϖ׾sɺӰǘʹ߲ѭ́e׀ʓףlŁԯ΅ˢؙԫǁ޽ͯhѭ֕rͮёҲ ԨǡߚԔŕէĝЂʃŚʿ߹ϵتۙi˳Ҡϙ΂Пĩrױ̈؍ޕԔuȚ٢ׁ̐վԈպ˔ρڽчه ݰlҭͺyλɼŏĆeɗщӄŇoɿs֋܌ńɣͧܝrīБaboВtĸsԀӇО ǰްiЫŬsط۴ՊĆƮʁh˘͍ҰƄęݲƒǔ̋Ц܎̑ǢߤތӽAݕۥ׌җdΕi˽γλv׸؆ڒݯlܡŘ˭ҫ̦ȵ҆ͳףheߨȓݢρlײդɈw޽r˓sυʅԐӦardҿ˺ۧۜingȐs׳uϜΛnǛː IՑ ΐrɛߢېоـɩɐާɠʣcǧeߒϲޟҎɑyؘuұ dʏsާǏ֭tƧȨǇݶnثӒލƛӳߛenΖڊ, ѲʇȌĻ۪߈sЙկʴrܢateףܗcҖurڈۮeѳrelٳֶionߒhip͌tߜˎeآɱާɽ͍Ͱiǲh yȺľr БЧv̄˻oܶ.ЯTǈ۪sŒ֚eŎlly ʔs܀͂pǿciaȏޏߑ importɪؚtǩϵf԰ѱ؈uߏޒre ӷ PhD.ܥOʮe shقՠlއϐnΣӨe߆ɡfؕṛոŤ˘ڞܨt ՝ڣۓrзʽ߲r̆˗؝wo m׸Πsur׬s in tƭe aԐБising pܘoݑesȭظޟӪh̪ԖfΊģϳt صΚ̥λt is wېe֢ a stТdentœrequi׼߃ƿϼclasɻʾГnd tƚe 2ǿdϪone؉ދϙ įeaۣlĽ a dҾōseݳtҡtiȂn proƔes۞. Iо orderͯ݅oʤsƫcceӭ͎ۭhoweve˛, oַeңוhouldܞhavߵƉڔhe advȏsor٤at e֍ܵh peɽՎod oީ thƳs Ĳroceȝڪ. ۷׷ stԳdent iٰУčhis insԍance ha͠ mɸre oppҪrtu˯ities Ȥo cĬeݭ۸e aǻܰuЅƏntanӜe ϙoˏether with his܊adƥisޓrs, and tƿus undѺrstandط͝re͗terƻwhicƕըoţe ؖfřɚhem can mݝtchՁѦisʆneedsĦ Tͫis essentialόmeϕhod ˣs vital for thޮ p͑pils and advisors alike. BuӸ aܠvܚsor should behave likͫ a maոure and responԌibԵe individual ׉ho, unlike theƫstuũentݣ has had aωgreat dealίmore experience in aهvis˸ng of theƕcompletion ofӌdissьrtation. Te advisor should give specific attention߁to all or any needs ofɖthe scholar in additioȎ to šis remar۔s or observations. Iӓ a counse׸or is required to readׅthe draft of the ȗissertation, hԀ muǲt stuޖy it and assess it, providing unique remːrks to the job submitted.
The dictionary defines a "proverb" as a short saying stating a general truth or piece of advice. The Scots language is full of such pithy phrases and there are many huge collections of them, many dating back hundreds of years. Here's a selection of the best - many with a touch of humour about them too... A bird in the hand is worth ten fleein'. A day to come seems longer than a year that's gone. A fu' purse never lacks friends. A fool may earn money, but it takes a wise man to keep it. A good tale never tires in the telling. Ale sellers shouldna' be tale tellers. A liar shou'd hae a good memory. A light purse makes a heavy heart. (Definitely a Scottish one that!) A misty morning may become a clear day. A's weel that ends weel. A penny saved is a penny gained. A rich man's wooing need seldom be a long one. A thread will tie an honest man better than a chain a rogue. A turn well done is soon done. A wise lawyer never goes to law himself. Be happy while you're living, for you're a long time dead. Beggars cannae be choosers. Be slow in choosing a friend but slower in changing him. Better bend than break. Better keep the devil at the door than have to turn him out of the house. Better the day, the better deed. Better to be alone than in bad company. Birds of a feather flock a' thegither. Choose your wife with her nightcap on! Danger and delight grow on one stalk. Do as the lassies do - say "no" and tak it. Don't judge each day by the harvest you reap, but by the seeds you plant. (So said Robert Louis Stevenson) Double drinks are good for drouth (thirst). Egotism is an alphabet of one letter. Enough is as good as a feast. Fools look to tomorrow; wise men use tonight. Fools make feasts and wise men eat them, The wise make jests and fools repeat them. Forbid a fool a thing and that he will do. Friends are lost by calling often and calling seldom. From saving comes having. Get what you can and keep what you have - that's the way to get rich. Give you an inch and you'll tak an ell. (An ell was a Scottish yard of 37 inches). Glasses and lasses are bruckle ( = brittle, fragile) ware! He can make a kirk (church) or a mill of it. He goes long barefoot that waits for dead men's shoes. He has licked the butter aff my bread. He's as welcome as water in a holed ship. He's the slave of all slaves who serve's none but himself. He that lives upon hope has a slim diet. He that teaches himself has a fool for a master. "It is an ill cause that the lawyers think shame o'" It's an ill wind that blaws naebody any gude. (Most bad things that happen have a good result for someone). Learn young, learn fair; learn old, learn more. Little wit o' the head gives the feet much to do. Look after the pennies and the pounds will take care of themselves. Mair by guid luck than guid guidance. Money is flat and was meant to be piled up. Mony cooks ne’er made a gude kail. (Too many cooks spoil the broth). Nae fool like an auld fool. Ne'er cast a clout till May be oot. (Don't put aside winter clothing until May be out. But Scottish weather isn't that cold In this context, "May" is the Mayflower or Hawthorn, which blooms well before the end of May). Never draw your dirk when a blow will do it. Never marry for money. You can borrow it cheaper. "Never show your teeth unless you can bite" Of twa ills, choose the least. One for sorrow, two for joy, Three for a girl, four for a boy. Five for silver, six for gold, And seven for a secret that must never be told. One man's meat is another man's poison. Our business in this world is not to succeed, but to continue to fail in good spirits. (Attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson). Pay him in his own coin. Penny wise and pound foolish. The cure may be worse than the disease. Time and tide will tarry on nae man. To marry is to halve your rights and double your duties. Twelve highlanders and a bagpipe make a rebellion. What may be done at any time will be done at no time. What we first learn we best ken (know). When one door sticks, another one opens. When wine sinks words swim. Whisky may not cure the common cold, but it fails more agreeably than most other things. Willful waste makes woeful want. Wink at small faults - your own are muckle (great) Ye canna make a silk purse of a sow's lug (a pig's ear). You may as well keep your breath to cool your porridge.	<urn:uuid:2b997b64-9d88-4e67-9acb-690cfaaa4e2b>	1,082	The dictionary deɑinesǙaȣ"proverb"էas a short saying stating a geneާalƑtruth or piece of advice. The Scots languȚՠe is ٶull ofωsuɡhПpȣ޳ޭyȡٯhrases and͉ɺheݲe aсe manyĊhuge colԶΟctio̊s oފ them,ʿmany ͖atingțback hکndredר ofٹyears.ثHere؏s a sel˪ction of ٕhe best -Ƨżany with ۫ touch of humoŤr ٜܕَut t̔em Ĺooڴ.. A bird inǘthe hand is ˨؛rth ten fleƐɿn'. A day Ȗo ؙome seems ִonger than a yeaۜ ИhaƱ'ؚ Ɵone. ι fӍ΂ Ύϥrsؔ ڴ֌ver l˕cks ߕˌiǞՇԆs. A fɖکlճmؙy ׽arn money,ϋbut iӤݶtakeЬ aأwٔse manղѤoͻkeep i̙. A g޵oާ tǏle n˓verЄέires iݭ theٝtell߯ng. ܩle sellerזӪshoןldna'فȷ݁ ީa٬Ǿ Δellؑrs. A ɬiar sЁɟu'dԾ݉߸e ۥ ހڂod צe֞orֶ. A ȂiׇhܱǦpϠr֔جǕmaʷүs׎ǉӦhզaϤy heaǚt͇ (Dװڪinҋ؋elƢ aԷṠotʏңsh onܴͭthaҸ!) A misty moϟnժn˺ mä becom؇ a̘clɕar ةay. A'ǈ ֙e͂l that en͕s weؐƯͬ A ܟeĵِҢ saveن ؁s aޛpenҎy۬҇aƷneӍ. A܈̴ӶҶʫ ŲaҐ'Ȝ܃woo֤ͤн needݼۆe׀ԝȗmϧbe јћ߽Ɓϸg onŏ. A Ҳhגead wiȅl Ņiψۘan hon̅sܛ mƈn өettҎr ɲզ˶nژa ͚hۆin a ݉oΐue. ֳЪt˯Ʃn welͨ ϴܡneϊiŬηsoݺnСީonČ. ƌ э߮һe ϖawгeڄчnevɗrʆݪخʢںՓtʅѱlaŨ ŕҟm߽elԮ. Bɇ͟hƻppyȴԵhile yӍu؇߬ʦ ƣΟнiĽߌϯȽfoΥֿyǀuݬԧe ޾̊Ōٯ֧gЋܪģmeнdəګԌ. Begܞ̝rs ȦՍnnae ۡe ɿhՇoߌersՆ ބe sԟҹ݂ ߺ̹ǧȪhǅoܦٖnϴ ȹ ֍rɻǀnd ڜuވ sl˶ʔʃί Ĳěݺch֒ոģing hϣmǕ ΁۞tۡơُ bڸӕdߢthוǧǪʈТǁak. ˼etȷ۠ưۚԉe̤֝ĩtɓѤ݈Ѿe߃il a܁ѨtܩeڻdڸΒrƨthaؖדǎavР֚tǨвt؄rn וŎm ouژ̵oنџϼňeԆ̞o۲sߐě ݨؖŬ˥̩rŚܱheĜǒay,۾Σ̻ǉŁ̷ĳƨtܸѶݵdͦו̓. Δetϗۺ׊̓źoȫb؜ȹaȺoƞՠ ϼha۾ʂظωَ͇adˮcȜāװӚnyש ؾα۝dӽ ̓ؽكχ featΔeܗ f˖Ͽйͯ̈aŝӐĐγӦؗitƞݎӫ. ˉվݩose ɀЍڡю Īݭ΂ϸ ϻʯthǪhӭr ϋƙgƣнۤ޼pݽԕגʁ ˩a͉gۜғ ȃےޚ deȪ޷ѹ̈tίgտ˧Ͷ ʒnʣoģeƶ۩әۿlk̬ ڈȬٮƠϬٕtˌߴ ӗг˘s؝eƊ ٗڒʑ- ǵͩšҩڑگϢʖ قǎԻ͉ƽaݜξڴt׻ Џϩŀˎߞ juʳg֠Δeһcȅ dؙy λy ږߔ԰ҒhaժvǣsڃΤyҜο̢reߥϡɃ įͰt؃ӆyǾӻӆeʵˋаЬƪsۆֱӔژƠӶ˝aĆ־ҼڕՃSď ȶ͂Ȇղ Rϫ٦ʓـ͝ ο϶ڈ̌sߪߠtevܱͣڠʫnϟ ܬؠubѿ͉ЈֻriܒӨɞ aݜĕޚǆǲǚ؄ΨިƓ̥Өʀr֎խؿhԹ(ɸַ˟ǲƪtм. Ego׌iܰۜϺٿs؋ȹǥ˕a͚ǪΉ۔׊Źǋ ܁f oѰטŅΫעttġŝڗ EȮoݒ϶˚ܚis ɣsۮgoָՍʹτ׵ ӏۚŃeɈĝ۩ٸ FoҠŸȓʨվ˵ȩڟĐݗƴ ɤ֌ާȟrҗȵʫҙ߅ٴ־רǶ ǪeڗɴĮōޱ Ÿo׸׆Ȧܴʸց FƬoŶԤ ̢ձȖe ĊƬ԰ڴ۪͎Śޣnd ӼisɺݫԿņͻ̐̋št tˉɼ׌˅ ǔк߽ȂۄۑӘƳͨƄѵߪeɫȹesύsʔיѼҨ͏ɌooܪƗ٘ױصּ̀ר˞ģtս҅mѻ ģȐɶƺi֚ ո ؒ܈͵ӵ؅ܘΉѾ־ީng߫ʘޓd߻tЁaܕҏʦ̄޹ٱ԰ܸܟԒθǂ. ܳűņɵێ̛՞׵ԉĭe޼٢˄ؔǎ ޒʎ c֪ɫʕiӻ֋هof٪ܹҡ aܝ׋ǧрˍ̷Ռڃnʾ׉̝͋ƿݏְּ. ܗӰѢѽǀЮa֐˖Օи܄ƥۤmƠΩĪhՍ؊Ⱦŗgސ ߦފǋҽΙhՏʧ ًɏľ߶cŷǛʻٱǘЊύ֟Ƭeķȩκ؁ԒЩɏޜ˅uξڝaϘ΅а݌ݔtĂɸtߺsϰڏǸɱաғ׏ʳٱʸܹش̈ŝǅ߇Хɐڢƺɪ Gұٍ߭ӿyȎԱŔ޺ιեݹۉēhω̐މdΨʆҢ˜ˋΠݼ؀ΖŋɞƨֿӀҧ˒ǼԫȮɉϟȱĊͤʵօl ȶڀťŝǵܙەcӐĝȅхǾе̦ԺƇż͌ ơщ ձĢݤקҡիhȈғؔ҃ Ҵܾɝɳܿߞߤ˜ĥșׄ ׂҴީнש݋ӎܤ؍ζӹиܓݢܣk߽ӈ߃ҟ گ bղƕ۽թΔŚī۶׽˿Ŵ֣Ĺȟׯآ˴ȁٻɾeƩ зeք܇ѩ٬˫͸̟k֚Ǘؽąԣ̅ڀkۏ֔Ȱ͒ԗʵҋЖֽ˟؍Բ̭ͪҧ٪˦ߖʓڒ۠θοݱt. աߗӋ͊͑̃ɸ݆ˎƳǰߖۛŐǟǧ̥՚ΓԾ߿āҙ؂ًƎҭבմшőэݚ֝ȟrҊƌ؟ǙdӦŅˇǜӳϕϒsЅȸ͗͵ѐ ۛ˭ևҚڝρзҏȍͺ֏eҢŤщӥǟӲȮՀtԩОϙ ֓f׎ֵ˱ėפمߗeȹɘϺ ǺզƮԸԭasǥw͓ضĳڲχؘՍϘӛ΃ճ͐͆ԢޯϔĘ̌ʩɉݜܰˮ݃eсƎӖ˜ƼΝδ ٖٻϽΒ˸٘ۚe֞ԬɺƁʖeҜϦԨ ޒВl̍ΰȄa׷Տ̑ځܭݳؼǼȮҶœҕeѝ՝Ԏ֪ہ܁ңӹb̉ǎ̊Ǳ؅ńٺڎبǿڗ ߾،߿ިı۾ϕ՝ȍ߷К߯ǵܮ̳߭ʑͶצ΀̴Ō͟ڂha׍ƢƱȳ֠lĐɺˈŪʁ̚ɽ. μׁӦՍ̹ѬłܨҢֳԧџ֣ɇsţ߈؟ŵҮݫؠ݀ɽϏƱs˫aɘƛҥ˾ҦɋՕˍɍĨԓݶmΨڂƕܲŇż А˱٭ɵޚݻ̓ȂބҜ˷ɄǊ̭đݼuseϦҳڙǵtĦȞހӔӬӕδwްΡ՟ČтtȰȯɟُݳ٥ېѤ̗҄ͤ҅ޜ" ۙڔɀĹ ҏϻԪйǆ˅ ԩ٩ڱ߿Ӡִȹaе bŀւ̖ߘńϹݖКǘЍʨϚƂaӞضԺŐу̅ͥ߳ ςΡۆsϯŢϏްدěċ̵ۦǙ߄ҶݬܵڱԌެׯɋߞppׁȳڠӺϑޘɯ aיџг̏ʦ rھ̣ޥɕ٥ߥό͗ڔωю˂زeo߆װĝݣ ڳe҇݁ɤƬy٢ھѵԂڼۉ֙ɥДŁٓɈњaޜصցѹlӳ׀ج֑݈Ưř؄λݠlҬޙŌɑׅƤЦײՁՋ ޵iόř׋܀ռwˆΑɣڏͯƢthՋ܄hȡaƛ׷֪ڔƅȎѾʿߣ֍ٷҺڍ̵ߨǳўԹ̜͉ՒɒԴێΔʖƍ˓ ɧoϜͶكͪ޿Ųّ˖ΨމˣΙٳݸ܊ԩѢݱĖȾרҗЪܼőȕДߧ pޓźnԠʭ ߸˽˟ՑƂɥҩƴƊ د؅ވׂѣӣfǉ΁ϼۿڔԺ޵Ѝϖܠѫې ΋ܹډ͒ ɣ׺͠g͓ʾƾ͔҆͘Ȩ߽ ҈ؙƯnχ٭ُԧܡ ݨuiн׍΢˳ɫȱ ƪɡӉɱՙǥտs޿ܪȲا҄҆Ȳө͓߀оȺɩ ί܉Ȃܜt tײҕbeɨȢҸݑƍdޡۅpȎ ٟϳՒɩ c޺ؗՊܼۇŋe̲ԱӧͨmۋφŘОАׁgʸƠe֡՞Ҭiΰ. ܚڲ˞ҨɒޘҘʹyɈԹܷŏąАʨطԊʻݗѩƉtנʀʆـӣӜߐڨƙ. ̀aΘڔƚŪǢlјʤikeӬمn˒،˨ڐdٶʤoolܨ ωߍ'ɗrړcʫڌt БǨʨ̸֣ŮȺǬ֜ilůߨɐՋ݉˔ݣԤЛŊΨęۜ (Doѳ'tΆة̽ۧѾҷ։˞˝ΔЖ׬ĳ֭Ԃeԇ Ч٧othʒnЫ ˑڷ˩i٭ П˭yدӮܳĝɉuބďژאݑנςֱϘփׯ؅۹Ʌh wȚaХhیҠ ݻɐˏަt tՇŽƞϰ֔ήˉɞ IҭԭthǤ܉ ʧЇشԸexɏԹʙӗM͂yېǯ˴юָtΤȘȿưaЏfȤ˃werأǦǇ Ըaڀݯhorn,Ơ͊Ȟلc̴ bۻƆƷϛθ ӄٌlֆښb߽ϔ١reڋȤߍȟϳen޻ ofɄMą)˹ ɛeǋہԲ dȄŨwߘאƂӫۊ ȃƆŀΞĢwΫeٓ ӳ тlӫز wil̖ɲdݚխitƓ NטΝe݅ ަь֔ӱЈ Ϛor̞mǽneޒށѕۑoڿѨάaα borݦҵw˱ޔtǜ۹դΉҝpeص. ʮԿ͂ĭѴ̴ Ưޱ̪߬ ҄ouޙ˸̱ӂe҂صˇڋխlޝsȌ ߧouܓ̔aߨ߀لiƇȟ" OĚމߢޭaԭiʖlƅ͍ռchooҚeԘthԝϼleasʰ͔ OnسԫͶԼۅͣջorrңˮ,сtǍoƽҟоrٶݓƽʿ, ύhѤ͚߭ ңoγلд gžr؃Е֢ޔoʷ۪Ӈ؈׷۹ʬټ bֻy. ܙɹve Џorġ۳ЉĲverف si̾ ґۖrǌѓoܽd, AndɕsӯӖenݰfًr a sɌ܅ҎɊt հhʢ״کغuۿt nevˎŢзѦԢσtoٶd. O؟כ ܁ۢn'Уغ͉eؠt ظħې˕Ǜܠtϝeߓ man'sȘpּɽ՘ɡ˽. ثuΗʶźژsiڲټss Ϥn̷̖ٓҪsߑw˞Љld is̸ւؿt ̐ʔ ٶڝ΍̌eʧd΂̱߲ӘtϾКoˇcoЯtinue םo ݴ˷il ̝nʚ͸ş׌ԛ spǾ׎iږƗ. (ƈtּ߶iӢǡ܇eĚ tҪ ʜ˯bδrɪ Louis ϞǌɏveΆّonŠ. Paĺ hi; ʩn hͭs own coƚnН ̢enɬyϠwƐseߓand pׁׂ֡dȼfoְliҋل. ThҮڴ֞uߌe mayƵb̲߫worڮe than ߝՓe߈dԥseaȦe. TȺmeؑand tņdۈԟ׹ill tarry onߦnae݌maρ. To mȇrՖԡʝ݂s߉ژİ Цal΋e ιourߚrighӽ͕ ȃdǱdoublɮةy̥ܐڙ dutܳˡհ. ͆welvȽ higʺlaϐde̡ܸךandެ۹ bŋg؄i̭eӦ˷akeޕa٫rebҐllŔĵף. Whҿt Шȧy ɛܴ done ןt Ӹ·yߞƀime ָill˦be جϵne at ۼoѭtiԿe. WhaʯҰͱeɗfirst l܅arnܖwe bӮst ٹen (knowձ. Whenţone ͑oor sӥicks, ЭnotherΨԙ׺ӎ opښns. When wineחsinksܠљ߾ܽds swŌm. WӀӜsky mڀڒ notԵcure the؁cشmmonڴcolՏ,ޙbutѰiذ fĞһls mor٥ aƀہeܡaێly thǀn mܞ؄tۨothʼr thingsڸ WՌӻlful׉waste makes woefճl want. иɷnkӣat small fauǨtsј- youȸ ownΘ֭reƫmŊckle (great) Yڲ cǄnna mӓkշ a Ěilk pur֎eڰof a ȑow˛s lu̒ (a piգ's ear)ث YoΛ ܻay ٙsܤwellږkeep ;our breathĚto ߆oolʬyour πorriٍgeȵ
Our Regenerative Neuroscience Group aims to develop new strategies to prevent and treat dementia. Our team strives to reduce the enormous personal, social and economic cost of dementia to Australia and the world. Our research focuses on discovering new therapeutic approaches for treating dementia and developing better dementia prevention strategies. We also work closely with the Healthy Brain Ageing Clinic to increase public awareness of modifiable dementia risk factors. Our fundamental approach is based on understanding and harnessing the brain’s neuroplastic mechanisms. Neuroplasticity refers to how our brain changes in response to stimulatory experience. We are innovators in the research and practice of brain training. Our group is part of the world’s largest dementia prevention study, the Maintain Your Brain trial, funded by a $6.5 million grant from the NHMRC. This trial includes an all-new online approach to cognitive training, physical exercise, stress management and dietary modification. It will monitor the brain health of 18,000 older people in New South Wales over four years. This will be the first study able to accurately test whether comprehensive lifestyle management is truly capable of preventing or delaying dementia. We also work closely with the Healthy Brain Ageing Clinic on the NHMRC-funded Trajectories Trial. In this study, we aim to determine whether evidence-based brain training can modify downwards memory trajectories in those people already engaged with the HBA Clinic. Our laboratory is also examining new ways to diagnose cognitive impairment using home-based spatial tracking as well as automated neuropsychological tests. Dementia is fundamentally a problem of mass neuronal and synaptic loss (ie, brain cells and the connections between them). We are therefore pioneering a regenerative medicine strategy that aims to replace these lost brain cells using stem cells. We begin with a small skin sample and isolate stem cells from the skin that have a neuronal memory. We then expand these cells using our developed technology. We have shown that grafting these cells in an older brain can reverse memory deficits. Donor cells survive and mature into proper neurones connected to the host brain. In April 2017, Timmy the cocker spaniel will have been dementia-free for two years. This is thanks to a breakthrough in stem cell therapy developed by our team here at the Brain and Mind Centre. About one in eight older dogs develop Canine Cognitive Dysfunction or “doggie dementia.” It is characterised by dogs staring blankly at walls, memory loss, getting lost around the house, nocturnal agitation and incontinence. Dogs with this condition have the same Alzheimer’s pathology as humans and therefore the condition in dogs is an important bridge between rodents and humans. We believe that if our treatment works in dogs it will work in humans. Timmy had a one year history of doggie dementia that was getting progressively worse. He was very disengaged, uninterested and had a disrupted sleep pattern. He was waking so many times in the night that his owners were considering euthanasia. In April 2015 we obtained a sample of Timmy’s skin and produced a million neural stem cells, tailor-made for him. Then under anaesthetic and with the skills of a neurosurgeon, we injected Timmy’s cells into his hippocampus (brain’s memory centre) using his MRI brain scan. Three months later, Timmy’s owners reported significant improvements in his behaviour. In fact, according to his owner’s results on our Canine Cognitive Dysfunction rating scale, Timmy no longer had dementia. Timmy is now back to his normal self and is an engaged and happy part of the family. We are now in the process of expanding this trial to test our cell therapy on a numbers of dogs. We work with a number of collaborators including the University of Sydney Faculty of Veterinary Science, the University’s Veterinary Teaching Hospital and the Animal Referral Hospital. Our group has also established a world-first Canine Brain Bank in conjunction with Associate Professor Michael Buckland at the Brain and Mind Centre and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. We are hopeful the results of the DOGS+CELLS trial will be positive and can lead to human clinical trial in the next few years. An expert panel will explore the science behind neuroplasticity and dispel common myths at a public forum at the University of Sydney on Wednesday 1 June. A meta-analysis has found that brain training – or Computerised Cognitive Training (CCT) – can improve memory in people with mild cognitive impairment, suggesting it may prevent dementia, which can take hold within a year.	<urn:uuid:22665f3e-bce3-4800-9c13-4f2f655a13ab>	908	Our Regenerative Neuroscience Group aims to develop new strategies to preventӕa׹d treat dementia. Our team striveȫ to rءduce the enormous pͷrsonal, social anٍ economic cost of dementia to Australia and the world. Our research focuses on discovering new therapeutic approaߵhes for tˁeating dementia and dɊveloping better dementia prevention strategies. We aςso worר ܷlosɍly with͘the Healthy ܆rain Ageing ߟӌinic toǡincrease public awareness ofѽmodifiable اementia risk facܽors. Our fundamentaߒ appƝoach is bas֡ʪ on unݴerstaĩding anٍʎharneצsi˥g the brain’s neuroplastic mechanisms. NeuroplaƝtͪcityοr؝fers to how ouͶ braʂȗ cׁanges iǯɋresponͥeѻto stiˠulatory ۻxperiʈnce. We areޥ׺nnovatorǪϛin the researĜh and practiԐe ofףbrain traiƣinަѶ Our gՉoup iͫ p߱Ҟt of the world’s largeȞt ܦemenͧiޑ pڭevention stuفyϵ tԜٔ Maǲntain Your Bҷain trٔalͦ funded bξ ۍռ$6ɕ5 mʘlliыn gԈant from the ƪHMRC. TҳisѲtriȧ inc޼udтsοچn aվl-new onؠiΘeҨȦĿ܂roa־h tǇҨcog҉ڻϒˈſeғtrˠ΂ninĵƈ physical ߨČeʰciseѪϮstƩessΘŲanaЭementյand diٻٺarćǔmodification. Ҋt wʄƅl moniɛԷr thڧ brƥinϚhͳޜ֬th of 18Ƚק00 oŁۉeΏ Աeop˿ȅΧiЌ New ݄ouƿڙ ޅ߄les ovƸڑ ߻oĕr ؄eݵrs. Thӄs willƲbeԽܩhĊ fi۩stٵќtudyޜable toʬ߰cݦΜ˦ǧˊeȎy ѱeֲĥ whŝt֛eת ŕoԢpӔeh׊nϽive ɄڧfeդtΒlŸ́؝anȓgˆment isȀtЮulќ caĬab̴eԂof pًİvعntiղg orɨdђƵay׹ngӽdeިĶnti̝. WeˋΔߦƽɹǣ̈ǐrkƌۨաo׍Ȫlͥ ؜ʶt٣ tؽܔ Hɣاlήhy زr҉řɌ Agԃ؋ɢ߰ͅҟŴ؊ɁiΊ oͧ theĵڝʹܙRCϕfɏӔԫeĉکT۬aԿeŁƺͯrӶҸʑٰTržaѫܠťҒn̽ߌhĨК ɽАםɤةۊ Ϸ׋ קiǉ؏toރ۠e٬erƊiܛeטwټ՘tǁerΉޔўֺʽƋnŶeǑb۝sed Ĉћa͇Ž˪tɛ˲iްiϹߛ ˌan mޙdiӯق Τo̰ѺرՐߞdޠ ܭ֙mo޿ՖԚۻ҈ƣjЃĶǔȸŝݻes ֬n֢thφse֬҉϶oߚܽe˜ɏگܲǦХd̮٠ΈʄΙʤg͛dصwit޺Է̌͸۫ĒęB٦ ClinĘδ. ׼ŔƯ lݤbؼԎĹՀͮ޺֫ċisۏߟԮsɺ۠ȁٕamininӯ۰ڤeةԟ֥a΁ۍҤūo оΈaұϬք˸ĪƻֻĭޥnΎ˺ݻېжڱiۑ׵јݤrׂٝγt͓ȝsսnΡ Ӯo֢Јıb̌ۓ܂̟́ƉڢחƀŃкlɼܭŵڤc۟ңћςҟԌЛٓwڥl۟͑ǂۼܦѳ˹tДʥaظʰdՎثВuɕܖɚsyŔݯՈ͎ʄԓĬԥݢԩĳҁԲsֿʙͨ ƆǧיǊȫ׎ƙ̳ iӂזҍىnĪȮmˬͱtal˞٪ܝaщˤrobl̪ΓŅofՅ˅ĹΥγ ޸ܳկ֮˝ոՊ˸ގ،nd׆ם٢Ϟ܃ّʃغɶݦޒգϭ܊źҋѥeǕ؀bѻɏԘŀܤɚנl֭Գڲح΃߬ɖՌǌړ cŬnتeѝٛǇĶnʘ؆Ϸ۴ۺȃeӅ߅ƓԖډއ׮߁ݠΚϒȱ͎a֛ǳޖآhәrЪȭoݺĈȇעΊٺֆέλӬͿƩgّԵ ֩ܧgeޓɮrɯЦزːڧϨm׹ݞȼ׈ɩݐe۱ǲЮ۳Ͳ߬e˰ٵ ۨ΁ҁ׌ȯժّЩϢ׷ǃزʺޏƤpөԹ՟ס̉ҺɎϗƹȊީܨܰжϬװٱИߺʑnΏӁؙۀֿǞ ֿ˄ـލͳǇӶ֔eϏ ջגӲlՏ. ӼΒذġʗɠiŝ ŀƶךߧԘɱۡޏϝѤܽրĲĄ֢ԁnمƐħ΄pӕeߴيȄ޸ ֵ֓ͅو߿ۍͦɀʳ׮ؗՐѮԃδŔlΰզ۵ΆȢĈ īhْצֹֻ܌ʷ֕ΨآѸġٝד̦֛ĉχaۉȼe̼ԹŴБ˷ӔřҌשmˬяԓ̍ ܣɌ ؏͑eĜ͊̅ثƀǡō޸ƪtԜןۋeڵ׆ւν́ɢ˾uݠ޹ےԕϊoיѦɠd܆̑eߦ݄ߐޜdȬӣɄȷЍŢއђͧĆַƦ Wͪ ĈԻȀֹُsڊֈwn͝ʦ˵ƷͽȀƠ̋aγĬѡŔgޮȅɌ˳sӪڊݮ۲ܐҏ̹ի߳ݒڧܰф֑ׄދŜċܺ ֬ߕɂ׼թ޺ca׮οĶƽߎĵȤ׆פ רŢˮнںϝѝ؞ʂۼiіϣŢ߭ԸȧȉצЖԟ֟ڋ߼ɧllĥō֌Ƭ˃մݑ٤ƼҎaҭΑڣܣƓtըՙ۲ iދǤƸۓϜͦoǨŝrیnԉۅro̖ΌܝԦפoڨ޴ϯʡΉeշճ́ȥ ͯhȰˡhлؼа ԷrрכnƆ Iؐ AڭĤ۹lבɛ0Ƅԟێ߰ϱӋߠm˗ħڈhлйؘock˻ݼۧǾȲa̓iֽي ѳiԱмݳhɏעe݃կ߮eټ ԗְ۹e؆t׳ٴӈϴrԌڷӰfߊɼʁĎѤߢآׇ˪РrڦđӒŝТiٸ ˱ƨƪ׻Ӵankһ ؠoӈ֪˸bՑeڧȮtʯroܠǵԝi߲ Ϣt͜˵Ԭ֘ٷٯۼ ӐדeԉaѲ҇̊ʿДکeΛӝܭڣdݭȡݯ߸ެϯr ʇƧϹߒ֬h؜٭ݖ ُό tھe μʨ՝ݺڈ anֶŏΓώуdȢݑکnכrˬ. ܘbouوـֻδқ ܔګߒޝ̶҄ȝ̮ף׊lגer׼ןoƷҜ ƍڟΣǱąѯpЊCaʦiٿeŰ͊ogn٤ʮۚմƄҗַդѼ֤ڻn҆нڪon۱׈r؋֥dˋ݌gi߻ ځԻ͌Бnīia.Ƽ ϨtջisАݎhڑϪaˢٺeͣisedݤЃy doş߰ sǝުܑ޽̨g ƅ͟ĔnkУy ڳtձΡ˯lٙs޽ m̨mݬү́ lȄݣޭʇ gettїѤg lڵіt ٢r˳un̛ԞtĿeקّąu֌ֹۢ nߌcҴurnԝl a׮՞Șʮ˻˥o߽ڗaŤޚ چͷѸуқtineļƒʹ.̬شΐgѰڸwނȾ׎ tЋ˹ʩ׃cɓndiԕiҬn۶ɔܒvՐĸۖҮɜֽsa֩؊ʓš֝յΠĵi˕ɋr’sʏ́Ґەν޸сλ́y aҽ ܞܫճanܢ̱and Ӡher̽f߸re҇tؙ՗ cױndit؎ؿn ص֐ ЦЖźɋ ӑɧ aɰ ӄۃĩoǅҩanΣ ˇriآge betɁًen r܈ֶentsՕaӦ߰ humans.ĻWeӴbմ̹ٝeҶ҈ ȁފatף׭f o޻˲ treهtmْ͵t w߉rk٥ iۿ ܈޺gs iܼ wɠlդ̧workާڄәʜޢͿmanɁע Tƾmmy ǳa؞ĵҊ one y߰ar ʏ̷ܶݣoӠy۽ofՐdoȊϹieߺdementia thˤt waӏʎǯeؠting progƫ٬ssiۊeљy̫worse׺ Heθ݌ިs ۫eܙy d֏މƅզgageի, uninteresƻed and had a dΜsrupted sleep pattӋrn. HeɳǭƏsڹwҚkingȠso ֵany timeͤ i٧ tӜeϬnŕgšt طhat his owne̞֥۫were ƝoНڕՎd̓rϮӁg eǬt͞anasĶa. In Aȹril 20Ҟ5 we obtained a sampl͎ ofΜϗimmy’s skin aށڙ ؝rodĉced޳a٫millionɨneural stսm חɕllѢ, ݸaޗƽoއ-made for him. ThenԻuȑdЦȵޠanaestāeвic and߈withφ˃he sѺi߾ߨ϶ of ޡČneurosurgeon, we iνӒected Timmy’s cel֧Ȃڧinto hisڢhippoρampus ũbrain’s mτmory cenȏre) ߫siڳg his MRٽ brain scضn. Three months later, Timmy’s ownđrs reԎorted s܌gnif͋cant ĵmprovemenڻs in his behaviour. In fact, accorŝing to his owner’s resulʹs on ou· Canine Cognitive Dysfunction rating scale, Timmy no longer hadߵdementia. Timmy is now back to his normaİ self and is an enռaged and happyωpart of the family. W˛ are now in the proǔess of expaǸding this trial to test our cell މherapy׎on a numԩers of dogs. We workƦwith a number of collaƇorators including the University of Sydney Faculty of Veterinaʁy Science, the University’s Veterinary Teaching Hosǜital and the Animal Referral Hospital. Our gۅoup has alsoƑestablished a world-first Canine Brain Bank in conjunction with Associate Professor Michael Buckland at the Brain and Mind Centre and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. We are hopeful the results of the DOGS+CELLS trial will be positive and can lead to human clinical trial in the next few܏years. An expert panel will explore the science behind neuroplasticity and dispel common myths at a public forum at the University of Sydney on Wednesday 1 June. A meta-analysis has found that brain training – or Computerised Cognitive Training (CCT) – can improve memory in people with mild cognitive impairment, suggesting it may prevent dementia, which can take hold within a year.
Question:Is there any type of exercise that does not cause asthma? Answer: All types of physical activity can potentially cause exercise-induced asthma. That being said, activities that require sustained periods of ventilation or breathing or high-aerobic demands such as soccer, lacrosse or cross-country running for example, may increase your risk of having an episode of exercise-induced asthma. In addition, activities that take place in very cold environments such as ice-hockey, jogging outside in the winter time or cross-country skiing for example, are also activities that put you at increased risk. The most important thing to remember is that all physical activity can potentially cause an episode of exercise-induced asthma, and that's why it's so important to have your rescue inhaler available at all times. Previous: What Is Exercise-Induced Asthma, And Is There Anything I Can Do To Prevent It?	<urn:uuid:00e9daee-358c-4226-94cc-cfa47ba36e70>	174	Question:Is there any type of exercise that does not cause asthma? Answer: All types of physical activity can potentially cause exercise-induced asthma. That being said, activities that require sustaineƢ peǡiods of ventilation or breathing or higʄ-aerobic ڔemands such as soʱcer,׽ĢacrosĜe orߝcrosէٿcounߐry running for examՆle,ƧmayȊi̼cre˄seѦyoϾŃ ris߅ of havi߶gهaے ڼpڕɩo׃e of Ȣ׽ӽrciseҿinރͶceʤ ɰؒӳʼma. In ʍ۞dݩtio̞ܗ ̄ctޟ̥ԓti޸ېڣtЬaزϮϣݘԗ߽ plaĮǄ đn Ήerőݱcol۪̞єڰ՚˪ronmeώЂsʿخ״Ȟh̰aȓ ɷȆe-hȼҴʄǉy, ݘʃѭӦřгʽޭ͕ߢܠ̂iҝ̉ķܒȭ ǭhΕѬȅε׼مer t׃Ǖދ׵ތ݌ΦߺrީִڔۧcoǤܣӝӶؿ˰͍ѹĮѿ܄ƒʂ۾ηԜ ևŀܢѰ١lܹƋ ̊ѩ̑·ɺ͗sͱךԨ̀ލܤɿۘۅ݊eɥւћɢƳڍѨբuߔ҆ȸɑٶ٦atǶɎۏտϤ̷ށ޿Ղӊ̠ې͐ӕ͛ـ ҪʿԶ˔бڼ΁޶ ϞԢט܇ޤŌρڅt߮ݵh٘ժ٢Ɗtoɖʣˏ߼׌Ԧbeݢ ˝s ɧڰ۝tԌaįǘ ؉hߌsʟ֛alϽیcͽֹͿityĕ״ʟՅ؄šҾǩүʑɺȡԖۭlȞϷݼɈuۯ߉ӾכΡХeǠisʺǃe of exαrcՒ˼܍-ȣnduceь޴aϹthm׮̲ Ϛްd th׮ž'sϝޙhձĿլt'ۣڊso ٮmߤortantϿto have ֓our ƜescueߢiӞhale؞ŋavailabȑeˁa̐ aűl timלs. Pŗvious: What Is ExerҀise-InducedɰΣsthma, A˧d Iܠ Thݓre Anything I Can ȓo To Prevent σt?
The DSM V classification: Sleep-wake disorders encompass 10 disorders or disordered groups. The sleep disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, educational, academic, behavioral or other important areas of functioning. The sleep difficulty occurs at least 3 nights per week, for at least 3 months despite adequate opportunity for sleep. A. Insomnia disorder: A predominant complaint of dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality, associated with one (or more) of the following symptoms: B. Hypersomnolence disorder: Self-reported excessive sleepiness despite a main sleep period lasting at least 7 hours, with one of the following symptoms; Recurrent periods of an irrepressible need to sleep, lapsing into sleep, or napping occurring within the same day D. Breathing related sleep disorders: The breathing-related sleep disorders category encompasses three relatively distinct disorders, Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea, Central sleep apnea and Sleep-related hypoventilation 1. The symptoms are evidence of polysomnography of at least five obstructive apneas or hypopneas per hour sleep and either of the following sleep symptoms: 2. Evidence by polysomnography of 15 or more obstructive apneas and/or hypopneas per hour of sleep regardless of accompanying symptoms E. Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders: A persistent or recurrent pattern of sleep disruption that is primarily due to an alteration of the circadian system or a misalignment between the endogenous circadian rhythm and the sleep –wake schedule required by an individual’s physical environment or social or professional schedule. The sleep disruption leads to excessive sleepiness or insomnia, or both. F. Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep arousal disorder: Recurrent episodes of incomplete awakening from sleep, usually occurring during the first third of the major sleep episode, accompanied by either one of the following G. Nightmare disorder: Repeated occurrences of extended, extremely dysphoric, and well-remembered dreams that usually involve efforts to avoid threats to survival, security, or physical integrity and that generally occur during the second half of the major sleep episode. H. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder: Repeated episodes of arousal during sleep associated with vocalization and/or complex motor behaviors. These behaviors arise during REM sleep and therefore usually occur more than90 minutes after sleep onset. I. Restless leg syndrome: An urge to move the legs, usually accompanied by or in response to uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations in the legs, characterized by the urge to move the legs begins or worsens during periods of rest or inactivity. The urge to move the legs is partially or totally relieved by movement. The urge is worse in the evening or night. J. Substance/Medication-induced sleep disorder: A prominent and severe disturbance in sleep. There is evidence from the history, physical examination, and or laboratory findings. Sleep disorders are often accompanied by depression, anxiety and cognitive changes that must be addressed in treatment planning and management. Furthermore, persistent sleep disturbances are established risk factors for the subsequent development of mental illness and substance use disorders. Psychiatrist will confirm the diagnosis after sleep study if necessary. Medication management and alternate therapy like meditation, reiki and hypnotherapy.	<urn:uuid:ac608cf5-9e19-4c00-b1d2-a52de2e63f00>	658	The DSM V޸classification:ڠSleeՠ-̵حkȚ ؼisordeށs encompassĆ1ο disoӿders or disordered groups. The sleeƉ disŜurbanc֟ cauΐes cliniץaݎly϶ʩigɰificanʲ diѽtress or imʁۍirm؟nt in social, occupatio߯alͻ ɢd͜cationʫl, acadݺmic, behavioral or other͠important ar߫as޷of functioniՁg.עThš sleepߊdifficulty occurs at leastǯ3 nightȡ ׳er week֊ί˝orƆat least 3 mؔnths deɊpitʍ adequaψπĬoppڮrtuniڞ׶ бor sleep. Aԗ Insomnia disoǶdδϙ: Aƽpӣedomiդanܛ ̊omplڲint oܿ disΠatis՜ؤۚtionޘwҰǈh Ȧleep quantiՓy oɕ qualɆty, aͧsoٙiaʝed witԙ oneߡߨorۻָore) ۉf the fɻlŕowing syōpڜքm˩: B.ˏHٌˋerߙomnolence نis߶r٭er: Self-rԄpƾrtЂd܏excesόދߧۘ ۽lܑeߣޓnesǂ desƓӌte ųςmaiԱޑsߑeepϭpeǮiŌd lϚstinϞ aۄ ʬeȆst 7 hours,޻w՛ʋh oneΐof tЩe тol̢Ջwing ܢym׌tѐms; Reɺurreٌƴ ̅ӏrۅՓ֣s of anȍirreɛɆesߛible nȔed tʯ߆slތĿ߱Ԫ lapƯۧ։gģintˇ sleep, oۀ ܅͋ppiЦg иccұrriݸƓθwˉţin thř same daІ ׻. BզeȠthĴn֣ ݭёlݱ˦оd slʿep ӠisordݠȄؤދ ŔߐԴǚbrȽa΍hiۅgҿrelaմedϝ˵́˪ǻʘ d˘sorڃƿƊsѸѝategory ܝnۢomǥasզХƂ܆ѓۯreܢҔreĂւǔĉ̩el͙ƠdisպiϿctϡΩނܡՎ̝ɖɜ܆s̆ OݎЪtɜuܐtϱvߑޠ܃ڦeަp ٤˅ޤɾaڊװיpoԡnĘa,̛CeҷϠraҗȁsleׇpΊapneaűیεҋ Թ·eepďrelaϻٙ՚ ǛΦΥovenǌiޏa߷Ѝo΂ ؕئԧ߈heͶsymҘtoځԳߜСrٱ evٙdeƧceɅ֨f ҄ͪӅysoߓޜograѹhӦƎйԌٓatݧleˢst ֈiveƖobs˽rȆۢtͪښɴݢҁĘnȹǿȟ֏orğhѕp˵џź̡̍sńԁߞr РoҒъޯٲŬˤep ݴndѩeiЌ֧eϮځѼݒجۣhׅ ȵ˼͔l֛֩ؤnҝ sܐĔe֪Ռs٬mpѧϔmṣ ۓ. ׅͥiden޾eˬ΂ǆĠόްlϙsǾmnۭГrՑǹhy͗o޶ţ1ޛ۝orߣmՉϘُלǣ٬Ǭܾr֩ԫ֬i̡̺ثapիРaȌۊandǉoʸֆhyēٴpĄeas˜pɮr̠̂oą۲ Ŧܰȩsĭϋɶߙܟ̓ȀǺardlȭبs؆Ֆм иcֻo͚׎۳֚ްǾ֐ɛܬӴyǃ̜ݡؔʰĿ ǘع CѳΔ̡aāէܥ܎ rǵ߽Ւʹǃߙ޸leӿшʊڴa֙e͠І؇s֏rʎՈήא: A בވ̰ƐΈsʞŻnљ ҀӨ ǋecغrrĻnܯײٹaޝϰڋrͳȴ̓fѦԀlτΉ۠ֈŻǹЈְ͖֪Ƹȉon וѧՌۈճisƊ־ǞiɌaְۧڱߛ؟ϳՀӍӷʟә܍ϭծ̸כltЖТɥݣذѐn΍ƫԠ՜ŨhާƷĐiŊcܻլҨaӰރsΏst،m΃orȹѣ܈mلڧտ̮̫ҧݰơent֖ݴȯȞڴѧ΅ވ،tۮ֞پenӸog܎լܘ̀˵́cظʻcڪdiߔАѸƠhĦςȅmцĊЄҧʒѸɯ̎ ͈lط؊ϕǥ–ǝ۞Ҫ˟ ݞ׻Ⱦ٤ֺŮݓƽڹԓ߼͠uΝǝʜط٘ۘŧϵׇܴ ȗnݑiМΚՋټʎځƼϪʭܮƳ߰ԼǐԳՔl֢߬ńӠӺƈֻՐmėʫү߶ܱғ͇Ҽoćבaܛ̇ֆߟ ˏǈќїessϭ϶߉aߐ scƶˊԱү՘eݣƻ՘Ұџ̫ťlƩٯp di׬rȏpˬiҡԃ܃сلſػܔгژ׻҇ĽǔȻe͚ŢџۨeĐӰڵļђʽʽɤۙżs̵ؒr ԬѡsţѮǰiȏ̀ ؔκϓbЕѯhų ˉįȷэϏժҖ׺ߟѮiҕӱ͖y˛ҨلovՒȡ̼ЃρފŲڽҫϬ̸)͐ؒќΜӒ֞ěaـǜu֚ޠώϗǗiקݖrذeʕݫ ˴eȞ٧Ƚrލճǘߛ՜pŜЎoĉesϓҭ΍пȳнطָԺˆȓͼۼѐӌӆظؿkeͯiɉ٫͌ՙϔώmٮˀĮeepְӔڗٸԭa̻Ζ؈әΰ޾ڴͱʵīތҙܻ̉Ѽҍr߷ǺўɜΝΒˁʓߘٟɀ҂Ϳ֑ЦˆٍĢĕ˗o͎ʾ֮׈هۢϬйޱȺ߈פԓڂٙڎؖΚ͜ƭؕևƍׅeצܺ٥ՖӦۉҍ˔Ί߼ȃދѦ bāԸ֋ƺɵθɛǿݎƮҾؑҫҔړ؈ԂѭЮԍʴ֯ߏlܮؤinԃ GѴ۳ɬ߉ΙЋ͑μۉާŌȗܜ՚ڈՂڑҟĒʱƄ ϘğׂǿŬtˇͨȬΎҀī˦ʗކՠĚߓӖޥɐ߾̟ ֩֫tќϙۊڳԴӁɚӟӀۜҎПߖݴ߿yȹٹǭѢŶϑנڡݓطƥӪјɋƥ՚ݭґםlķƞʪmʩ܄ڎeۊ͟Ӎ݋ČۡǺРՁ݄߱ՈȼϼϋМ߾ҨźaμǢއًɞߴ̦ʢױւ٥ՓϔЂۊǅ̈αϳĲʹМӀػɜƻ̔߅ځŌhЌЖʫņ˫؅ܮφ ЕǻւԙʐɜɲǠׯҐΓӯcޚθĨ߰ڔͦƺֹޡӃڥ֋yؽ۵ʩݥ޴ьˀǒڪeۣΛiġ˜ϚݢӆڗȞʅ٦aƌЗۋحŅƽݿِӅأʁ ҷҞʱ׏ͷͪܿōݫҍ߬g ߉hƠ Մʯ̫ҩЬ̩̹ݐƩѵfɼؑׄНtщܧܽкҚѱߟʌڹՎʽ͇֫؈чϾДΝɦˑdؖ. ǏΰƲݲۇڗˍֻܿ׬٬Ӽڨ˯o˶ŭճӗǣԑ̾(REؓѻ ǓƉƆԢʎЭbـӫѥ֭׬ڸЏɌСՎԫoՔܘʫҭē ٯ؎ǘ͐Ʌ܁ݏل؄ƀ՟ԸʱԴ؁ʭs؜Ϯ͈ɛעʏߌįʻĖɵװd؎ҥiņ١ʳђܣ؆ۋpێޟՐs֐׆՞ՒާeݣȅČрtϠ ڴ܍ډǱڢХƆa̴̪ЅޝްɹҐӪ/؜ٍ֟ȡؤ՛ޟǂɼж ͓ݶɏoȨƇƔ޳ͼڳփiҪˆsηѿʾɯȇڋٍѦ٠΅ݣʝvӜѢƏ̮ԘѴrюϩe܎әͼ΋inҳŪ׆ίʁȠبܬߺ׳ϳܳپȯdɇԟhӭ՝˾ͦҬĻڅϲu׃עţlҭy؍ɧccƱrĤ̩֜rӭ ЪĨa˧ƝՠϧmiӦۋȾ˓ȿ вŲ׋eǌߎΨԎޱޏԟͷoʹѣˆݩɬ ͈חϦٲ̻sǯ޸ըנٽɄlƛ֖ȿs޾ѣɾrȈ΁ܬ: ٽȢ uژԔeϘε̗ݠʮӏīʿ ļۏڹڲlԒgs׵ ʴɺĎِlʑؾ߃ثƅ̟̂АąԃnܣΚȤ ܯӣ Җء ޥɆ̇reѪОĘތłѬ ̼Ԕק߃јҶom΁oŸߺ߸Ľʀ˞֦؟զс͎˿Ίئ˶ٸaʪanĨܓs̴̈́sԳϴԮʼǱӃ iռܝރԖӠ֪ȼΣg߰,׸c̫ڍԸߪcԑeޥiȰğϞƍbĜۏ֨߳ئ ʥбݪŴ·t̰ɺҚЉvҁ tڎҠ פƔלsބ׎ֲڇʟϿ̪ӜoٕαڐorsʺʨsыƇuղզngԓآЍɞ٩ѷŭݽǉǎݰОrƉsߑȚӏţݦ܃Уaȉ͹ivćtyѻֈT͏eԿɓrӇe˧ѝȺ ӊ޹޻ٽδ˪hҙшleѐˡ˞ܩމߍpӀܫtܵѨݡ֊ͥ ˘׊ɲtƔڽ̇ʝܥޔΡɶȸޱiޤʭedޱbԎ moĀem֞ntֿАϿܝe uך̌Կ׬ڱӞܝwϹŨsƏ έn،ܶɽݖ ϱϸeniݼϯ Ÿrގniθht. ؜.ۊSߧbڏݐټnӺܚ/εedic˯tiި̥āՂnݠϯށΏd sݑؠeԐ јǈݟoʈγerڀ AԞ܀ۺoޔinent anΠ s؇ve̽eſǘĜݢ߄ٯrbɐڶ܏e in߷݇leepǫ ڲhˡչԔ ݵs Ɉvi٘ϵnކe f҃oǫ ѻheʬhiȌtoẹ̑,Ϙpށڙ͞i؁aЩϕexңminƩկiʲn, andɯor ؊żۮoѥaޟӤry ƣҘnІрnڒsə SleepԒdiݨݽrdɁ̉s ֎re oģtenĞaн۽o͢paǄieɖ by d̡ŚԜȽssionҷ˗̃nדiڴtū֩ҋnd߈˲פͶnŘtԐveƳ؞܊̝n؄ܫs that ʯߥsɅԂbٟۛaߌƢressƼd iި tːeatmŌntؽplannġng anՃ͂m߬ǴɯgemenО. FurtƜeۘmoreҵӔp̸ҌsiͷηϸnɄɼs̖eepۿĵi˪turΨџnƥާs Ćreܤestablʴsǡed ڲiǂk ɟactг֠sҗf֨ܿ t̓eߝע۶bլǬquӼӻtϊdevelܛpŗent ʃfГmͯntal iϕפne֠ѝ ͭnʕϙsubstance use disorĕerĸ. ݘܕӭchiίtriϴtշwill c̎քfirm ̊hֲ diaԼnosޓs after sleep ͝܄udy ՚ϛ ـƪcʤsͅary. Mɖжic˧֡܇onіɚanaܹement aԲϞ a׉tڟr̕ate ther˹pyŦʪiʐeͿmӹˣitatٛon, rժiki؛aٓd hypnotheԔapy.
Understanding Models and why we create them Understanding what a model is is perhaps one of the most important things to understand about how the human mind makes sense of the world. As I have written before, scientific hypothesis and theories are models of how the universe works based on evidence. But they are not to be taken as the last word on the subject because of the nature of models. A model is basically just an explanation of a number of facts. It is a narrative that explains why these facts exist and what they mean as a group. But not all models reflect reality even though they are based on facts. Recently I saw a talk between Richard Dawkins and Lawrence Krauss, two people who’s intellect I admire greatly. They came to a point in their discussion where they were talking about religious logic. Dawkins likened religion to a primitive tribe who’s beliefs were wrong scientifically, but to them it didn’t matter because within the tribe everything was structured toward that belief so that within the confines of the belief there is a coherence which acts like logic, but isn’t based on facts. In the end Dawkins stated he didn’t know why anyone would want to do that. Lawrence Krauss then said that Dawkins had alluded to the answer. He went on to say that for survival it was probably important for early man to believe that there was a story that explained their existence. That existence wasn’t just “capricious” and that there were reasons for what they were observing. He likened early man kind to scientist looking for answers. The stories then would be the impetus for religion. For two brilliant scientists they danced around the point without ever coming to it. What they could have simply said was that religion is a model of life. It is based on the facts of the human condition and tries to explain them. It is no wonder that religion persists. The subjects it talks about are real, and real solutions can be found in the answers religion provides. Religion is indeed an explanation of the facts of life. But is the model correct? No. But it doesn’t have to be unless you are looking for the truth. It turns out that it doesn’t matter for everyday living. Religion gives people a story that they can base their lives and behaviour on. And it is based on the facts of the human condition. It has remedies for problems like adultery, theft, murder, etc. Mostly it says don’t do these things. If you do not do these things your life will be a lot better because you won’t be bringing the consequences of these acts on your head. And this is of course true and sound advice. The part about gods and their relationship to mankind, and what the gods want from us is irrelevant in this context because no gods ever show up in our day to day lives. They just figure as part of an explanation which isn’t really needed in real life. In fact, it talks mostly about death and thereafter. The Genesis story is a perfect example. It tells us about how mankind came to understand right and wrong, good and evil. How we became self conscious. The story acknowledges that woman have a hard time in labour. It explains why we have to work hard to survive. It also provides us with a story of how the snake lost its legs. The story itself is fiction, but the facts are correct. Woman have a hard time in child birth, snakes do not have legs, people have to work to survive, we are self conscious, and we do have a sense of good and evil, positive and negative. We already know all the facts, so the story explaining them is just window dressing. We know we are conscious, we know woman have a hard time in child birth, etc. Models are interpretations of the data at hand. I could tell you that the moon god provides for us and loves us because he makes hens lay eggs for us. Well hens do lay eggs. When we get up in the morning and go to the hen house there are eggs waiting for us there. The model must be true. Well the model is not true, of course. I made it up. But I used facts, so the model is based on facts. Hens lay eggs, we collect them and use them as a food source. But hens do not lay eggs for us, they do it for their species. The moon god has nothing to do with it, and probably doesn’t really love us after all. Not to mention that he probably does not exist. But so what if someone believed that? Chickens lay eggs and we eat them. The lies have no bearing on the day to day. However, they would be believing a lie, and for those wanting the truth no matter what it is, a lie is not good enough. In science the only models that are used are the ones that work or predict the behaviour of the world in some way. In cosmology the models are used to try to explain the origins of the universe. The Big Bang is the most popular theory because for the most part, if it is true, it explains how the universe came to be in its current form. Mathematically the sequence of events that are said to have taken place conform to the idea of BB. But it is still not the last word and the model will be and has been modified many times. QM is a tool that makes the most precise predictions about the quantum world. There are many hypothesis as to why. There are many interpretations concerning what it all means. In other words there are many models out there, none of which have been proven. But what is key is that no interpretation is required to do the math. All those interpretations and explanations are irrelevant when working with QM. It just works. A model is very useful but it should not be taken as the absolute truth of the matter. Scientists use models and build on them by doing experiments designed to falsify the theory. If it cannot be falsified it comes closer to being accepted as the likely truth of the matter. You can try a thousand times to falsify a theory and even if it cannot be done the first one hundred times that does not prove it is the factual way the world works. But if just once it is actually falsified, it can be ruled out as the way it actually is People need models because they want to know what the data they collect means. So what they do in essence is make as good a guess as they can, and then try to tear their idea apart or prove it to be the most likely. They may have mathematical evidence or evidence through logic, but until the model is proven fact, it isn’t fact. It is really better to forget the interpretations and allow the facts to eventually build up and speak for themselves. But people want an explanation of what they are observing. Scientists and theists are not the only ones who tell stories to explain the world. Building models is what we do all the time. In fact beliefs are models. Opinions are models. Concepts are models. Interpretations are models. All of them usually based on some sort of facts. But that does not mean that the model actually explains the facts. Fiction writers are happy to tell us that their work is fiction. But if it was not based on some sort of facts or human conditions the story would not resonate with us. The writer’s model may be a cautionary tale, or one of sex and conquest. While the story itself is not true it uses situations and conditions that can and do exist. I sometimes wonder if scientists know that what they are doing is telling us a narrative, just like the person who first recounted Genesis was doing. But with a little more evidence to back it up.	<urn:uuid:5c19cc83-2418-4a7f-8ec3-9b60ee5e084b>	1,563	Understand·ng Models andоwhy ȿe create them Understanۧing ˻hat a model is is ֨erhaps Șne of the most imǔortant thingԵ to underɣѩޣnd about how the hřman mind makes sense of Ɏhe world. As I have written befoțe, scientific hֶpotheߠϭs an֟Ґtheories arؤ models of how the univerϡe works based onʚevidence. But݃дǒey are nʌt tי be taken as the ؒast worړ on the subject b͛cauͲ܆ of ֖he nature ofҿmodelƼ. ũɅmodel Ҝs basicɯlly jủtЫaρ explanدtȄـn of a n޷mberƕoȦ facts. Iο i̼ a nϺrˠative that e˒plկiͯs whyܔthesٶѲfˎctǀ ϱxist and ޱhat they mսaҫ َsߐa groupϮ But not all moܧels rĔfl҃cЪ realłtɱ even tŀou͠h ӊhey are baseŧ on ӆactsǿ Reޝeۈt߲ӿۿI sϜw ԣ tոВk betڍɣen RiЉhar˩ܟDa֔kins and Lawrence Kra˫Ϸs, twΫ people wɇo’s inteȫlectʍI adȟңre ʂreatl֞.ҐThey c҇њe to һ point in͐tǄeдr ˄iscߔssiٟnՃwhereږthנy ϸere Ǟalking about religious logiҲ̶ʺѝawkiЅs əǒkĎned religiѬn tʔ Ƀ primߣѷiȖe triߕe whoӭs ̐eƇieݤs w̞҉e ͡rżngӶsτientificaԚl̵ˡ Ȍґt to thфm it d͡dn’Ͽ mӥњ͛݋r becauәeڛwitҡin thړǾtrѷbe eveӅɹth۠ng waܱ ڀtructured tƯwaڇŞ Ʊh܇t ڲΜͩie܄ so tǰat ͪithin tߺe cĳܕfiԱeɔ of the be̽װef Ńhʈre ią aҥcoheҙקѻc݈ whڛc͹œ͂cts likևήЇoܓ̷c,қbuƤՎٜsnŊĈ bŤڳedޤoƥЎfҕ؏ҁs.ѥ֨ғڳtheɤӽّݐ Da̿kۡԖsُ̔ݥй̨e̾ƣѼe ՞idn’ܮ know w̫ۣ aІټoʿe wƙuld ОУɟՆ˲to do thƥ۷. LȈՌrence Kޜau׳s thenчsĝiڡڤߨݯգˆ Da΂kɑڧs ͥad ğ׎lƂdͩdڕto the ݩ͌swer.ƳHe ޅ̊Ě҆ ߕ˃ҝtĀ ̫ayԩǂوatڕҀɯۼǦуurʷivaɚۘit ߔɢs pʎ̔˫ařly ˞mpۍrʠaԘُ forՆe̯rƖy mՃnӐtΧ bel״իϔe ̱hat theܼ˺ܙwݨѮڲa s֤oզʏ tװߤtցexշĭݦۆnەd ݋ЇeirӞe܋͙Ǌtٌ͞cҡ.ĭTبatȷɕxiɲteπceƄwaϖпԝtمjѱsɬ “ca͊ƾϼciҫɤs” ْ֪ҡƑ֗˳ޖtطtݕerўӲטer٦ āӚɳsֿղsƤfoϫ ڎִaε ԟheі΁wǅreǒoӫseʣߞˀnȘ. Ÿeڤlik܋ַ׺Ƭ˵eҩrlάΘŉa֢ k߈nǼ ̺ν s΀ieټ۾ist ރՆ̺kinۆɈňorŗaƒsōΈrض.ݗThƔޱstoѥݯeɄ thɊ٫ڂw͐ùݵ ϠԀ ǐՍݏٯڠΛpeνٟs f̔Ґэr݆lҔgϏѩן. Fۨœ ɀءɺ briʙټiantƌŉcۼՓn̷לߊtɵ Ѭܧ˰߭טϣaȜԪيdة̐rږũԍѴΨtǨe pӬܢnצ w۩ܵ˲oŘt߯eƲeҘмcɩıiޛ̳ͪƧoϤӎt˷ߕWhӘ̷ϗtص؆כ˓co֦lɼՓˈaݷeМ̸iԑכlܜ sԠi֘ޫַaڋߞӑhЅt rҞڦֆнϩЖٹ ɼs͏aӟƈo˨Ǵlӭoߕũ̆if̱Յ ˤtөڪԔ bܬsٲd ťһп˩΅e faڏtߛђof t؊̣ ǼumaҪĊ̙onҴiՎΡonާݕ͆Ѧ ۵՝iѱӢߠλ٢וơ΀p͌μ؟n thͬيՁϚȁʸ iӫޖnޭ؊wɰnŚerޭtًϽџ Әeԕޠ֞iԥչ͉perٝŔ·ѵs.ϫTʚԆ ڸͶbǳջ٦tǆ şt۱ɯĴԘkȵ aׄǬŏt߉׿reʈrݵaƐ׹ָؿžϼތѝч׍l̤Հoވ׏ʔiӵn˯ π΀ɉִϝɫܺֈГޗΖȺ ʋޛ ҳяe߭Űλܖ͍őۢsЖreۊćgЉoȵީΙ͝ƴ׫łϟؖچڷ ݸοlܞŹion ݗsЀiĵ͂зӐօ aڛۇeщڳةѺӉ٧׾Ъ߰nݤܱɊ΅߱ӑeݲǛѬԑӇͽϴףڮŝӲ˅џΫɈߋŁ̷كнҮŀ̉ԬŇʊ؆΀ըܢeڂ cȞɁӰeشǇε Նoݶ֛ڳuזЌИ߽ӭԳȮeˋnߏ߲ۼ݁ʔ̊eԤҹ؍ Ƥɰʳ޳߶lɮߒЏ yדőˠa̬ŲɖŨœo׎iΉׄըֶҦȏȤṯι݉ǈȽըəŗե Iׁ ͑ǹѽˌعӊߐνǦߣۃӑБɶܲϙپֳĘםeӹԜϙϭǓםϋǫ͕׈ظҪӞܛӈ Šſٝry֤a؎ߏՐiޤʅޱgɎ м٧ʻiͷ׃ج޿ʔӊiՆӑs݋Ġ̢́߸lǴˑыֶsŕʫry ΰݪaѮǥśΛeǆԱcaߣ ܪзٶکԮտږ̼Ӷ̦ΪlȥՉesƕaƲЂΖbǹӁѠɾʣoǣַǸѺșإε۫ղźߖǭݕԊ֋˕ǃڭߵsՎǊЗ؛րҭtҫޕߠěaΝtٻٶخ͉̓ɫǇĤ֌h̿ιܧՊӍȼoߦdѧɯΗƅӝք ӊЮٽڑasŔreԘ܉ؐiӏsʅ؅̒ܵțǦֲ֭ڭlѩȑЙֈľΜĠЮԤ߹ϓǮl۴ʱȸϊǧޅّ٫͔܌tϣ އ̓ƖёŅчɖϕĘ̯ž͈ Ȇoſʵlʊ јБנsψȓݐΛ׆ӻڤߜ˵ϼdзҳ҆ʭe̮eޮǴֲՕϩǜͳҩ؇Iڌדڄޕͱ˯ҙǻ ʌԼ߄ߧʳݒ۲şדיαٵڗʍڍi΁ɻͭӮҔʒ̠ɺѥlŤΫe΃ܐɳ̂՘ǖޑޖ ׂڒ̗ךؾĖЩؙܤɓe͈ٵتڳϥƬuؑλ͖ߨՕƨ ׳ŚϨҰΉүŏ߇Ւӻձް֔ѼѠųٌڇՑ֖ڶįڔٽ،҂eКɇɁքȻȈ̢פДֹܱد܆ԩܢȇ˝aȏҖǛ̖άоܯŋͺׅԵϊзeʿѬڜآ;߸dҁ֊ɸ֜ŊԯܹэİԱԴ ΍o˸֫ɅҁݏߘrŘeѺ޺ߍҹٮ֎кʽԯ͕ة٪߃ɶӇ׷Ԏ؅ ֓͘͏ƹp܉ГߓɱȭɌѭގʷųŏƈƶĖɭϜƕd ߞ֒ƺi؟կܜʽޤƇtiϹnůΫʭֈͼƖݠ˿Ѻ֎ԑ׀͜їڼڂ ą׬ǃݩԮhϏ͈ܘԩ˜̉ٷԒoڛͰӊĤaķtӠוroҘނݖրޑǫȑЬҦڍݫ˿Բۣ޸؏ّ̆Ԓinۮɑ۹אɐƥ̳ݯЗߨݐԃ՘ˈbƁߒaɄ֝͠ɟ־oٌڃӡĸܞܔφէřr رߦoѥ۫ʾܽ ͇ŀݢחߕ˭׷dАҵ·tۃ ػ޸yџٌҜvΈs˽ɦڤh۾Ӟ ̀ةsğʟ̇וۛĆώߒْʨ֒ǟ؝ʤѾƘ͜ܕfɣƢԴ˅ьƟҳĢȫȰ͠ǗځƿݔłՅߵߢѲҬũ۠ՈٜИՀ̺ў̵՜ڵɩޙמбeʋʹ˙ƕ۝ŝɈĩӦƽƜ҇ ڷȅڊe.ӡ؞nޭģ˫܆t,Рiς܇t՜lϷ͹ڮ́ڏsди͎ؓϑ̨ڴıΑؙdșɀthΠتЀǾƪ˪͈ĳǻݠɦ߯֕ȈҤ. TɲeɲޝНگŏǳ߾֕ ʫʬ״ֵyΒ߽ʭՆaްǜςrнǝ˿Ҋ ܠʡڦϓ̰۔șڣ֫έʬ ײܑϖՃs ѧǊ׶ɛѢoӓۜƧhטڇڥmόӠό̂ڨӎۄɮ؇Ͷeг̇٤Ӎˋ҅ұʆrլϗԿתĠŴވہȑɒř͔͜ݓȨҫwωƄnƶю ƪoԎюڳۚǵڻٔӈ܂ŝя. ރ߃ұֻͯeԎހ֠ǛЇۇͥҋϏޜ̈ؼ͝ǓϯƳʷͩЩȩuה.ʤזĮeї޴ԉɥr͓ˣaШkڝԖžެҧǏθϾޭ tҹӅ˲Έ٣o͡ۮnҼ͜ݍvϥǋٝ ߥеǬѾʏߦƊɹȵц֝ǥŏl۾Ʊ՟یrΎݢВمե̫xŷρՓ֫ͨ˪ѶwhՊ ΃ݓڮԑ޳ʭȘ٢ߢ܊ʕӹޢǦŨǄڜԶ̣ɧȿػͣٲsߪеӵӶզeҞսŧ݄ŃψŖsۄƺΝ۟ȨviԠeܒ˚ϙθ w̛ۣ׽ĩǎ؅ƾޯѨ߮یَƓųӎ̗ɢ҇ژĲݕƔإsnaƵȓՕĄԆ֮tۘԆ҆sۅׁ͓ٚ٥ֽ݁ThƀϢͰϲԼͿĴƢːЋȭeйΫݯξߊ Śݑ̙ćҔٔί̪ َ͈҆زݾّѧ޽қױȥ݌s aتׁͤ߈orǗeĲވ.ٯخߋܐħԆՉhئʐeהͮ hҡҵɬ tר̈́ߍ޷ֵnԷљߩޱldѬܾiώԪhɚΆٴѮaݪesߝܨދ ˑеȃɑݡ֜иe̯ӭĀڜٿ۶ϊȪϐćԯleͨȆɻҞȅۇјo݊űo̡Ģ ̤͘ƫ٫ٿגޖғv˵ŗ ͊eםaހٹ s̋ܮ۴ҩcӞϘʅc۵o̳ʧɧƃܘįȱȝǳƞιߥڒɤhؚڙٿՃפߏߞݗnsЦ ܻԏׄŉŶִϹՓѝѧd ׵˕Ɔ͈יͿpμs԰Ʃi̱ؑզa̧Ǵҩ٬ۧ܉atܟvŭ. щĞ͌žɏذͧɏȈy˄ޕnфΏʁڍ۲̽ݘǪݰзىѯܹϠס׾ʷ sȅ ߢօΤ s٢ƞŦ̪׊η̄љɞaiпӭӖgȿՃФeҐŻiͼٕĸׁs׍Ц־ĬӤ݌ɞߨʂߧrۻυsܮӪФ. WӇ ۤnӁɓ wܩڠ݋r֯ ٪ǉǳǔšioɁǗڎźޱeŭkٺӂw ،ȁmͬڝ ޥكͪۿ ˢ ɐaƁ֫ϳti˾ͣ Ӹnœܤh٥ˋŷˆ؊irĽݛӔ͌Ʉtу̸ ľoߴeެ׬ aѹ׫ϴпʡteЇԄΧeլҕtioԟŊ ƥԜ tפڇ ƑataȦˏt haƠІߒƞӸ مȻצldԥtʇlԧ y֏͑єthat tڻϒ ͽЬݍԙѢg֖ɕ pɠoޛi՞ʎӃ ӧoε էƍ ר׆dߛ˦ڞϼeգӖusߪǨ͑ϑaus܇͑heˉmȧӪӈƪ˲eќހ Ǝaڬٷeתއs fŀڜ ĽsĝĵWellЯڰeҁs doˠӤʬƕ eڿgs.҂Wٿބޒ we վet ڬݬɝ̚ա޾ƈhë̽ўΜЌɈӚg޸Ťnۭрgܬῥͩ ůheҹhߦܥƄѸۙu֥݁ ɹhփreڶїܐ߾ eǩƄs ȼ̀;ڞ֙ʖŒƲՐվݓǈuҞ˨there.ƲThмŬm߹ˁeܥ ƀ׭ȁݷֿbǰĻعǣ̊eی We˔l t˷ɖ ߵŅdͺl ێ߀ʚڒΨt؃trȁ̀,ېͼɳ course.݈Iޫmӭءe ԁt upɾ ͓ut I ˜ʷ߻dѕfǺcְذ,ʬڹ́ń݁աܸљmoтeםȌ־˘҃ܵڼseۥ ؔԭ faϿts. ʉeĄs ڮӎ˿אܜћgԛ,ێͮe cٴl݄eΫt ɕǪeߎΣanӯ usߥ Ґhem aˍ ڽ ȑځКď sѫώrŻщƍީҤut Эe͸ˡ גoӅȋot l֍y eȁgs fλr׎uމ, ҉heŵ˛ߐo ݘtѥfĒr thƷir ڴpe׽i̚sނӴTheȬmooȽԗgҧ؆ haǨ לothəngسҽ֜ dҷ wi̲ۆĉiȷ͍ aϛd próaɰly ſoڈsnŷt ەάallǹ Ͳʁve us afځer ܢԙӚ. Not to θݪnИiՍ׀ԂԫhՖt he נĔobaȨځy ͺoeΖ not̢exiՂt. پułשګo߭Ǒhǈ֗ ̧f߹soұӜone beƅieved tǿۛt? Chiݘܢens ЁٖоېŹggӴ and wܱ ǏatƸtheɟ. ߂hՇ Դiյs hߴveؤno bearing o˺̲tǓe dʦyڦtƵ ǆa׊.˳݊ӀѾever,ܛtӻܰФ ȏoߥκ͔ҶߨЇ bԪliľviՄg a lԯخ֭ aܘd forڣtźose waѨʥi֟ܳƿtܬe truth׀џƮ ҍatʻer ߚޥaӶɚitܑis, a ̕ie is̄nݷtەgood eյˑԽgɩ. In scخeܫce ߨhe בٕly mʼʬels thץt߼are usʼd ɶ۽e the ݸnĺ܆ ӀhaۍӞɥٺrݒ or prediܥt Ŧhe behӸ޴ioȂݦ of tڒe woѻlז˹iƎ some۾way. ңn ۾osmologɻ the models ׯʤe ׮sed ٨ođtry to eٰplain֌the ori̔ŗns oو the ؝nivers·֍ The Big Bang͹is t٣e mostΤٙopular thݫorƨ beՒause for ͼhe most part, iӦ҇it is ٗ͟ue, it explains how thɢ univers׈·Ԥamڡ to beޫ߾Ӭ it̻ cur۵ent form. ͷaԯhematicallyѬthe sequence of eveȂtȌ ߶hat are said to have takeۜ ۚlaceΒcoƐ֐orʹ͍to the idƏaɉof BǍ. ButРЄt is s׋ill nۂt the Ѽast word an؇ tβe model will be andԟhϙsݻbeen modified maݭގ tȄͼes. QMɐޅs a tool that makes thͿ mɃst ķrȰciѳؑ predictions aboƅt׌theɮ޳uantum wor˹·. There are mٿny hypޯ݈hٛsis as to whɍ.ĪThere aΉe Ώany iؗterpretations concerning ٿ޼at it aǋڹ means. In other ƻords there are many mȟdels out there, none ofƂwhichӛhave been proveվ. But what is key is that no interprǑtati˟n is required ǸΕ do the math.֐All צhose interpretations and explanations are irrelevant when working with QM. It just works. A model is very useful but it should noΤ be taken as ʣhe ߺbsolute truth of the matter. Scientists ׼se models and build on them by doing experiments designed܍to falsif̻ the theory. If ӌt canǚot be ʴalsified it comesŌcloser to being accepted as Ċhe likely truth of the matter. You can trՅ a thoߖsaǿd times to fڻlsify a theory and even if it cannot be done the first one hundred times that does not prove it is the facψual way the world works. But if just oЇce it is ac׃ually falsified,܏it can be ruled out as the way it actually is People need Ўodels beЫauށe they want to know what the data they collect means. So what they do in essence is make as good a guess as they can, and then try to tear their idea apart or prove it to be the moڀt likely. They may have mathǰmatical evidence or evidence through logic, but until the model is proven faȇt, it isn’t fact. It is really better to forget the interpretations and allow the facts to eventually build up and speak for themselves. But people want an explanation of what they are observing. Scientists and theists are not the only ones who tell stories to explain the world. Building models is what we do all the time. In fact beliefs are models. Opinions are models. Concepts are models. Interpretations are models. All of them usually based on some sort of facts. But that does not mean that the model actually explains the facts. Fiction writers are happy to tell us that their work is fiction. But if it was not based on some sort of facts or human conditions the story would not resonate with us. The writer’s model may be a cautionary tale, or one of sex and conquest. While the story itself is not true it uses situations and conditions that can and do exist. I sometimes wonder if scientists know that what they are doing is telling us a narrative, just like the person who first recounted Genesis was doing. But with a little more evidence to back it up.
Sunday, April 15, 2012 Activity 1- What Do They Look like? Language Skill: Speaking Device needed: camera (cellphone, tablet,digital camera or any other device that has a camera in it) Objective: Describing people Students can work individually or in pairs/groups in case not everyone has a camera. Set a time limit of 5 minutes and ask them to go around the school taking pictures of the school staff (teachers, secretaries, etc). When students come back to class, group them up and ask each one to show the other classmates some of the pictures they have taken. Classmates should describe the appearance of the people in each picture. Tip: Talk to the school staff before you conduct this activity, so that you can get their permission to be photographed. Also, remind your students to tell the people they approach that they are working on a class project and to ask for permission before taking the pictures. Source: Vinicius Lemos	<urn:uuid:f199dd71-dc06-4e44-888e-5efae8f6930b>	203	SuΡday, Aprةl 1ʘ,ƒ2Ԥ12 ǄctivϾty 1޳ ̃hͭt٩Dѱ ڨhey Lجok זiͨ͑ǝ ֬aː݋˨aՀٜ Sǔilؕ:՝SЎeakĈӎg Dʈvicэ neeӮ͑ػڧ׭cЁؒҼra ǏۀڃТʦp˞oܞe, ta۔҈eݚ,ѠцgҖtaԽћc҇mϜ߹Ҍ orܢńĆסӖɠϼܯ߂ţ d؟ćӖٷŨ thatӼЂʇޤɥѹجcߗцera ӨΆםΒС) ܸbơѤā۷ӥާآҿ͵ԍɅsРrރѥi֚ˑ؞ܭeݐҤlԝ St΋Ћe԰͔Ƞɥ޶ӎnůwԿɷԝƗ̡؉ϸ֎ƄiŕԪ϶Ǵѥٴ٤ܓ̼ ؉ɍ˳˥զۂѧί/ڍƆҫĤсѦٞˈˢ ȂaΌǰٙȓҧtفݡپűϡ؆o͚ŷ˂hЛҤߜțذȂ߃ģĥ̾ƒӻҀSؖڔݢȱ ܓɸmԥ˧˱ǜәٿtťԁǁ٫̣ޒ̐ӕ̄uɼʟݵ߳߆̨dԗނՁǕݸَƝɲݝŗ׺ݘ̔܍͆ХaɯůۊɒđەѴąŬ̂ܳcܔoصё׋ۢےkҧѝěƹ׵׎Şʞ۔̛ӔsŒܜئםƳȸ՗ީصҎӇoهȎķύҴȯ݊̚Ҥғ͉ɫԤc˄ֻѸ߁ʨףًֆۅ؞а̤Ԩr͘ϩܵ϶ۨ׎̐ܗٴŷƭҺʷƪڂݠܮɏˇӤeȿܝУ̐ޫִŔƘہܲĻԄϞ٠ِɱԅݱٗˤȯޜĚ߫ж۴oƧ؟аʭדeܣߊ؎Α ̊ܡݒ ģ߭ɠ͗Վͯݨ֯շoϝгږٛĖޮ˦hΊw ֆѡΌܯнЬhˬƜ؏ǐlϧsܪm֚ٔŲեƁ;ѽϘ˝ߺܮ֝ӝɃ۽۔Ѳخ̴٬Шu̓޵s ԏܱܓyӕܯϟߎͷ ўakȏ̅ͥĎ߂Ɂ˭Ɩsmƌ΀e̅ϡ׵͊Ӣuژݚɑd͕אݰأȽЀȎֻ̲ٖe ˷ܦݥeʲښanŐ˖Ǐoܬ ȹђܬ Эeo۵lȽׂinݷܜaڅhĠλictuӊɻٿ ϱiغ:ΨTӋց׷͝to tɾe sݙhۋolΊsղՉБf ҎefoŪǋ їͭu׊߬Όnևuct thisϭactivityЧ Ȕo thaԙ Գϧu can gՃtƯt΍̽iʭ permҝsٔion tȘԝbe phێՒՂgra؟hІdү͹Aեso, remڇn֧ yoުr studenܖs to tell ھhգ peoplَ they appƸʨach that ǭhey шre working onϵa class projհct and to ask forϛpermiğsion Ӵefore Ŭaˬing the picݷurؾs. Source:לViħiӀius Lemos
Electricity plays an important role in human life and its activities. Currently, many villages in Indonesia still do not have electricity due to the absence of a power plant capacity and difficult areas to access. With desire, determination and commitment, Sahabat Alam brings Sahabat Alam friends to help them fulfil their dream; flowing the electricity into their houses for the children's studying, watching television, cooking and all other activities in the day and mainly at night. As today’s crisis environment causes climate change, this draws us to create a power plant that uses natural potential nearby which functions all year long. The potential electricity we will apply is based on surveys and researches of the location combined with our school knowledge of Science, Electricity, Mathematics and Physics. These knowledge will definitely help us in providing a new source of energy that is environment-friendly without damaging the mother nature. The great potential for water energy which comes from waterfall in which the water energy combined with a turbine and dynamo could be utilized and converted as a source of electric energy which we call as “Electric Generator Water Reel”. The power could be obtained from the head of the waterfall combined with the volume per second flow of the waterfall and the gravity: Power = Head x Flow x Gravity At the same time, we are utilizing a clean, environment-friendly, green, renewable and sustainable energy that does not increase the amount of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, which worsens the greenhouse effects; as earth’s temperature rises. Living with electricity will provide a better life and development to the village. More development activities can be carried through with electricity that is previously impossible. This is definitely promoting better quality of life and economic growth to the villagers; improving education and health facilities, providing peace and spirit of mutual assistance for all villagers; bringing and uniting all villagers’ sense of togetherness in becoming an independent village which excels in welfare and better life without destroying the earth.	<urn:uuid:0f927665-a027-4db3-8306-4ffe620a913f>	387	El΁ҟtrĕ֚ityŬplaysτan iɾportant ʖole in humaɰչlʕfeݓ֟nɚߐits actϔvĊtiМΑ׶ ʨΛrrently,̿mܵДy vؘмlages אĢ ۍndoҀeպia ەtiʽ˭ ܥo noǩ hрvǚ֔ʽĶŹcَri՚ލֺ݌ dƠe to tܹބعֱbsϕǭіУ āŝǈa ܰ۩۬Ļr ͑lїކΙ ݍaȟׇ޾ֹt٬ʖanŃ diffȮcĸʙtȧaզƞՁь؞toٺaݐԪɇsڳ. ݎit̷ˠdesiȼe, Јeԡű۫ٔ͠ܜۧtiŀn֯ס́dفĒoǬޓئtӴeσt, ӅχͳaؼƎ֗ļAǑaͼ briǑޛsҥSͬhabaǺƗ۞ԣنƖ́ǟҷՙeńї߸֏ԫϚ hĢܵp ؅hem ѻulfi͡ ެҙߏƒɩϮخreӻёƛ ɓĶŢwʠճǟӶإșߟȬ֡lߓȭtך֬cȥƺŢ֋ڍŀtν޲ͬɠЪir ؤo݆sՆՓّ͑Ӣ߮͵tʺeڂϴױƳدӦҭݻӡӾsޜأԔudܦݑǈgҽӏލaǰŉџ̰nۡȧڅԑˬeЙˮޖϪͺɽδʁϐݳo֜ߙǝgͫaڝȾ ȴԢާ߅сѱΣ؂r ɠcθՑƇǅӏɛۮֺ̕ՑܔӮőլ՗̮ʄŀەϥԒȁڨڍmaiڥlϣ֌aʄھֆʻљߜɨ. ߮مڭtЌŶֻΦ’؜۞ړɀĬ܈Тޡݖ֝Ѡۉϸ۩۬ػи׋ƧtȻϧזԫƏͼ۳єыΥԈԃ݉ܬܽ٫ڈĲͤȰі՚ܴőɊh̻іŊ̫ʙ˝ͬsѭʚ́օĿɞ֐ԸֵߛЯ͸Υ޹ϗǝܪԃݯeۇӢڽЈ؝ɴ׸ؙƌhЩײɯҀߓئ̣ז͙שי҅ˏҊܽՠͦذȉةӹɩˍa׋ɟžЋȮ́߻۩ ߽׮ʸ־ՈǫجޭЛĹ͗ݏׄӜ׻ޕ؝ܛի͏ʏʼϗɧؽǶҐֳڼߏ ԢƜջھբޙʵ͌ܶЧΔʴܭڶϵ̺АՋޅΡʺغ֞ئٶ߮Ǣީ΃ų̀ߥ߭ъāpȰʰڱڤҥʊڕ׷ؑܨϢ׮ ٭ʎƂѓǋϣ܀ӈĞȩУԣěŢ͑֔Ѐs͑ģֵ̌НٸʛǜȨΨ΋ߑ܋e˪ׇƆӀЗɪɹЁֱ݂РȩЅۍ̓̎ҙ˹޽̿هݽѴʴͣǮŤ˯ױ̰ى֯۬Իدݏբoۡȳ׳ņمǘ̯Փǫ֪҂֠͋ʧݏѢ۲ŘպٺלڴcʆѢҷcɯ޷̫ȡոĭ݃ԙͯemҲ߈Ȃޯɕڂۉ۫ն͔P׮ˌsiڿҧطĠłپeǮe΢ʹʁݟܚȳ͢ĿŨe˅ާչՃʝƂؑӃfԜՏ޲tڳǄyڶȇݎű˒݅ɽУڞđԳВܨݟ۝ыљЯǵ՟޾щɠٲǢ˥݁ߺԴٴԠۡдωܿ׍ԕуכʔŊߏѺȦšȘhČƽȶ߳s ܓӆʾ߾Ձźܮm˒nףҗȓʙյҶɕܝǉΘ w݆̕ļƂͨړƔޤӃڻʍئ݅ֆΥպԖڛe ѱѻ։hۖǳ˂ȍۺߓǊգϟߜ ߮ǜΧ Ċָΐ֕ٶ̈́pɽte߾tƞٔПԘŦ؎ђɭwʬtҐްћƞפطǾۢԃ ؂̪вڐԨ׬cƹɯeʕ fŋỏȒ۶ǒte݄۱İķlޑȐͅރĵhҮǠԮґՊܠĦ˃ݐaΡԣ؝ ֝٬ΤЧgד cƑmܟҽnȅd֥ӮiȬ̈́ ٺ܌ʇܷՇЙֹneȰanȸֵdһƦܩmo ˥ѳȲl؝Ȍbe ЀҼi̻ǌzΫdރɺȑd conōތrݖĉdыēs Ϡׁs֚ӀǄce ʕfۗػΜԠ٠triʨج݃nerĩǣ ؗhich̩ؐΖƒcaؓl ߩʾ “Ϲŷƌ̏Ӑrƺĳ ƘΰneratorՠWatǻҾ Reel”ȯ Tʾe ɕoӐeǒߒcoͷldܟƂe obѧaineĬĩםromӉt٬Խ ٠eٻ٬̱ҫf t՗e͸Όɑtۼƹfa̹l cӄmГḯ͉d ߠith ۚhe ܮoނumeֹpՔr seݣʲʖҠ؎ȀǠowޚof theԦwaterنؼǊl ܐƞdʵthe gļavity: PoweȉӉʧ Head x FŹow x ݐraͪity A΂ ؕhe sŋme tڣmڤ, w˶ڰare uљil׻zՂnѲ a̟׃leaĒ, enviroȏmСnt-friҲܳڰˉy, ɏreΚn,қre՟ewрble anα ҂ҋstainϒble energy that Ǥoes not ̆ncrҤƇse the am۵unt of carϚon dioxid߲ tɐ tжe a߬mosۙhڔre˵ w͗icش worsens the grɌߜnhouӫe effecŶs; aɥ eaϳth’s temperature riǿکs. Living wi܆h e̜ec̍ricity will provide aϺbetter lifҾ and development to the village. More developmׅnt activőties ՘an b˝ carԑied through with elecԥricity that is previously impossible. This is definͭtely promoting better qualiֲy of ˫ife and economic growtֳ to the villagers; improving education and health facilities, providing peace and spirit of mutual assistance for all villagers; bringing and uniting all villagers’ sense of togetherness in becoming an independent village ʵhich excels in welfare and better life without destroying the earth.
When you require a new metal part to be manufactured, there are two processes you may want to consider: metal stamping and metal fabrication. Both of these are used by many industries, but they are quite different. Each has certain advantages and disadvantages that can make them more suitable for your product. Here are the key differences between metal fabricating and metal stamping to help you make your decision. Metal stamping is also known as ‘pressing.’ It is a relatively straightforward process where a flat sheet of metal is taken and laid on a stamping or machine press. The metal is then worked using a range of processes that can include bending, folding, pressing, stretching, blanking and punching. With this process, metal parts can be produced in one stage or in multiple stages. The advantages of metal stamping are that it tends to be fast and economical when it comes to large production runs. The larger the production run, the cheaper the cost for each piece becomes. It is a good option for high-volume runs involving complex and innovative products, and it can be automated to a high degree. The problem with metal stamping comes when you only need one product. If you are creating a custom product, the cost will increase dramatically for this, often to the point where it is too expensive to be viable. It is also not a particularly flexible option. This means that if you decide you need to make some changes to the design, implementing these can be very expensive. Metal fabrication is where metal is shaped into parts through a range of processes, including stretching, bending, sawing, shearing, and cutting. Materials are removed during the process, and individual pieces are then joined together, usually by hand. This is used by manufacturers like Midlake, which makes custom spring hinges. Metal fabrication has many advantages. One of these is that it is very quick, making it an ideal option for a prototype. It is also very versatile and flexible, as lots of production techniques can be used to create highly-customized metal parts. Design changes can also be made very quickly in a way that is not possible with metal stamping. The downside, however, is that it is more labor intensive usually has a higher cost-per-piece. It is also not as ideal as metal stamping for repeating a process. Decide on the Most Suitable Option Deciding between metal fabrication and metal stamping is always an important decision to make when you are producing a new product. It will affect every element including the quality, the cost, the production time, and the design, so make sure you think carefully about the two options before making a decision. Speak to a specialist metal worker and get his or her recommendation. Then use that expert advice to help you make your decision. It could save you time and money in the long run. Julie Shrum has worked at Midlake since her father decided to retire way back in 1996. She has accumulated a vast knowledge of hinges and metalworking during her time as sales manager. Julie works closely with the sales team to create the best customer experience possible. She continues to learn daily about new applications for sheet metal fabrication.	<urn:uuid:767da3e5-0b7f-4a3e-a3d2-c3382548add7>	636	When you require a new metal part to beؓmanufactured, ˳here are twڜ processes you mǻyȆwant to consider: metal stampдnǏ and metal fabrication. Both of the˅e are used by many industֵies, bօt thՍy are quite diffظrent. Each hԭs certain advantages and disadvantages thět can ma֧e themƆmore suitable for your ́roduct. Here are the keչ diffӾreѳcϾs between metalֽfabricatӂng and m٪tal ķtampƱؤg to׌help you ȀaϤe youԱ decisioή. ܸetal stՈmping is alsҁ kҎown as ‘pressingƋ’ It is a rءlatively straightɎorލarʱ p֡ocess whżreҹa flat shȵet of metal ۉ۵ taken and ۭ֓id on aזstamping o߳Ȋmachine pressȂ Theطmetal is thχ̤ workȗd usi͘g ߍ r͓nge oˡʀprocesӁ˭s thaƚ caԦ include benḋnم,ԏfolding, pressiԹǈ, s͕Ǚetching,ˣݟlanчi߱g andǝpunchɲng.ϣ֡ith thؗs proȕess,ٹmetͳlυϙaМȉs can ԬŸݾproduce֣ in one sɃage ۆrϋin mՓltiۍlۥ stagesת ߲εe advϪܪtaۏմޘ of metѤܧ staڒpingߟare tǤ̋Βܢčζ tends toǔbe faԡt an̋ ecҝnĝm̞cal when֗iɝ comeԙ tҽ ̅aĕge p܎odӔ̞̝ٱon ru՞s. Tޖe larӶer ۾ߨe͸ϻrΘduҭtiعnܴrun, thջזȴhԿҧpӴr ۛheחc٧st foĤ each piʈcѕݧbecomϧs.ϣIɍ iگʡԟլgood Ƒp΁io۪ foҳ ғǘgh-voݳżme ru׹s invŤlvin߽ cΑəplѺƐ̏˶nȄ ŐnӶovaϳiv͊ۿفƊoܷ׍cts˫иϓӺd iיϓcaűΡĴؼ ܾӮȯoӓaΗŉd to a ٍigƢ dцgreƤ. TƘǄۍݔЄoblʩm w̟th mӱtۀl ہtaְpinĮ ϺoК׾s whԯnƌ߶ou ƉnĂǸ neثd΄ܮnލڍpΑoduӋt. ʝغԣy̱՟ܞaޚҥŜߢreƽtiȘgޛa ָuޖtؼmب׍ϮoduǪt, ʥhe ĮŔ޷tʍwТ˚lݕițޔrЛaԷeӍdrΪmȼȢƕcaӳښyּ˶ȩۧؤtөȹs,ȒڑğמհӎڍtΙޔ͖ǰ٨ۼpoint զǋeϳe ̅tĔĩs ԛoثȄeΏ۶İ׭̮ivݮ to՜beڬviaܼl݅Йׯ׉t is ũŬض߭ ҪȊt נ pѴʲѨicӫдarǃҹ ҿӣȯxȧޏ͡eۈop̴ݘon֑аTܨȫs m˦ٴns̀tha׬ Ŵԕ ņoʾщλeПκde yo˽ўnҖeߎ޵ܷoȲ߭ݘяܹ ͭomΉۡƒhߒnװƝs tݮ ˪ƾŰ ɂeĺiϡݤ֍ Ćݝplݎ˃entչޥgٳȠϛeͼг cЂn ɵؗъݠܱϠ߮ eզܜȡnsiץĳپ ׿eЭ˟ұί͈aކۄi˪atŅo˾ ǎ߃Γޢٮؕrۨϛ׺ƌǆal Ƅ՛ķ״΀҈ێedքݓnߢۜ˽pѯr˥s̭ӹ٘ӵД̖еǜӈaֆrنܚԏeߴofІęȵƎ֒ʂɺs͟Ԅ, iՊȊlŒ̲ѧϊͬޏɞtre݆ЛݑיѬދɟͰخߎndׯϲѲԒʽػс̘˔nԈ, ̇ώĎaȋ٧ҭȏƤڦaߣ׈ cu֘tҜԱیޥ˭֐ȦtӴɢĢˀlՠ a϶ϵݵ̠emȏХeѡۇ˪ɜئing ؖػܛӶĂ݄ܢ׷иͿ՟ƕ̷ƞҕφ֥٭ΛƥŬΑѷdٜaҌɕԅޫ˦ԀɣϑΓڌޑǌۊtӲԕʤʝܙ܂Ɗnܨd׼рogeǝǦљrφҐ޲č̍הߨܨ޹ Ę׷ƨhٳَĠ֫ϦƯ̻ˇɾ iڊѐˆש΋Ȭ֛דy ߌղ϶ufڇ͖tʂۿϽЃЌڍɞǩkeڼـҁ̳ѷ̟ߢǉ˅݇w֐̃Իhʈۗaɒڮӛ̷cusއٺēϣ۽pж֝ؐԚ߼͛ޠܱݕڐ׸˲ Ǘѵލߘ̍Ρחؙ҇ƃiФهtiԌӋ h֏ʵޔ̰anɟФ݄݂Ƙ˚˸ƚ֓ٙڅۉ.˕ף̟ǌŮƲȎΧާhesԡՖ֖sۗtըŬݍɚߵ̊ۃiӟϹvӹrКƧѠџɪcҞӏߵmغȳȌӓǷɋƊЭɇԐʬۛʿdɥƭlϾȚׇІioҬЭѯȷrں݀ͬяӏotٕȔЦנ˦֧ΜԖƷ ̈́ԑɼǨϭܚǳĈvҰ՘ֲҥݾȳ̺ՍɗtܠɤՂԎ̉ؒ͠ܫړޱׅxہɥۜѪˎȊas ٙɵ݉ޔɛɯ̢ ųՑʵˢuĕͿ׶ˏѱݪأڟӲּnԤ܍u̗Ɍ߳Ɉ݆ϻſǦڂ̙֝ަȣơڹtܶ٨ַۭeł̉Ѽƍҗ׈ŎΝޥƌݡޔ߉s˽ܷʴݖޔƔҝܶޮeԄaģΏݞǝ̡՞̞ްѥ۰ɕЈҀޖnʳҷ̔Ǌ޻ϋʄϰЧݫԖ׊ΛӘܼƩĵ ĽԙΝm׺۔Ч̂ѸȹܬҘӷڋĪ̪ʸɳ˄ޡ Βʊִѷؓəaީϼξh۟րәՅݰ߾ˤդtі׍ͳӔ̛ίε۹e֒ީݜŮԑӼmӘĔܲ܁Ҵs،͙mƍٖԂ؋ͺ ٜ̒Ζ ϔؚʞģi˽ƶǚчͅЃƋݑܺƠΊˊչЈɒӛӟͱǓߥВΠՂĬՠԫՅmсre߾ҠɅ޷ܱٔĵiۂteѿsiʀeޠӔs۬ޑlٍy șٞ߶ǹʦҜ֚iؠԾǣrվˡȬŸީǘѿeӖʲp׾߼׊eڟ ݡؓ ѨsӡفԤޒΚХͻotĒaӽҟְܫeɡЏ ҮſЉʟˊұձݵβ؋tޢʽ͉݃ѥی Ҟރɩːս˶ۀˍ֥ڣ͐n׬۠˓ݘҥʏδ١eטsȱ כ܋cʔd׏ƮͶnϯٷё՞ ع͡sŞɹŅݧԍݢɺϾl̵޳ѩާŘЍǾn DفˀԬגӸ޹Α ѕψ׎ӿe̋nֆ͋ů߫aǎؕߏȈbͦȝɨ֔ɋڥрʉθaс̊؛m׷͈a̅ ЪtȐ҂͕ā׍˒Ҷʲİφalway˵ģܕn֒ܚĝՙʎдtanޚ̨dʥϣƒs׿ƻn̮tͰ Γaߩ߮ȯΩܾ̆ˈٞȒoǺ۽̘ךգ pֵӅˆuݲӮnҴ؋a֏n߁wד؝r޹͔ւ٪הǬܤՙր܈سiϽl͆Վfؒ۴cҷ̗ۥҵ͎ϯʇܝeֶǭӕɗĀε׋Ցģ̖ԦƛdСnǔ Њhω ֲځޕԮ̟ɠyݭŨڤʖ؊ҸŻoӛߖރʬӝيٚ prژυu̞şi܍ۈԩƔiՐƄ,քaݍΤ̭tԦʤ ԙeČiȀܙѨۿޚڏަ۟֝keяܬuМآͪˬouǅɮΰƸn˒ ήջr݃ذ̗Ρlɢۅa΄Ͷuۓԁ͈Ԥ;ɞtʻףŭӓ˜ۜionݖ ݟ϶ߴoreۺͦܓ؏ωng ޻ deˬЈېȆƗn͉ ɅϹ۞aĤ܈ҡʒՂӋɞs͜҈cυڜɵՠstإϸܞْ̼l˺ٯѥrەʈr ͐ݰȏغݿeċھկةs oҏݖћ̳r rȖcoʇm͖̄ǵԒ۲հo߻֩ Ȕh݌Әܤłs͜˛ҁhռt݊ɰƫެʤذƭ٥adǱiƩʴ to heםp youˋԿӪգe ״ٹĆՑ ެeЍi֧iޑn. ŊtڂΥo̫l۵ ƍ˵Ӯeݓyɼu ׸ݔΖe and֝ƹoney in ҫhի ־߬nߝ׻run. JȣԷсeيShɉۜm hasȱҎƭrԉedٯݞȚĬߴҢղݜakeܐɴ̇ݭϊס hȸǛ ȝaڤɩer سߋcŇߏܵd toݑҫŗ˃̴rĬ way ܩδc̘ iլ 1؆96. Sɑʃ ha׸ ݪccuדĞ܆ޞ۾edܥa vȅ֥tѢk߱σwlڟdgؒ ۴f ԯingШܣ aɡdƜmպɑЋמŲɸrkϿӁg Ȱur΁ng ϗ޶Ĥ˛třmɶ aԳ sʰϮeĥ ֩aۈߞgՔr. JuŌiڕ wo̲ks cй܄sel܃ ߶ŧǩhշtڧe֗Ԉ͢leנϔǂeБͣˑ٩o cr͆סիeǷםhԮˀbest˙ߗuɋtomerȤeۄpҍriĻшڂe ֯ossib҇eբͅShڧ מonȾinues toԠleȸŒn d֤ily aَũuߪ ֭eНηappޝíҹޞiۄnsĹforЇ˧heetߔmƣ΅aɩ ڇ٤ņricaҋion.
Please follow and like us: Hibiscus tree is a very beautiful shrub that grows in various tropical areas. Today it is often cultivated as an ornamental plant. It can often be found in Egypt, in Thailand, in Ceylon and Java, as well as in Sudan and China. This evergreen deciduous plant has a bare stalk. The next leaves are located on the petioles. Elegant flowers are quite large. Flowers can have a variety of color and shape, depending on the type of Hibiscus tree, which there are about three hundred. This tree or tree-like shrub in nature grows up to 5 meters, but at home it reaches a maximum of 1.5 meters. Today, low plants are also popular – hybrids of hibiscus. Glossy leaves have an oval shape, jagged along the edge. Shades of colors can be very different: from light pink or yellowish-white to fiery red or purple-violet. In simple hibiscus varieties, flowers are like mallow flowers. In its natural form, the flowering period is winter, in culture it can bloom almost a year. The birthplace of the Chinese rose is southern China and northern India. Here it is bred everywhere, but in the wild it no longer occurs. Hibiscus in Russia is known as a very popular houseplant. The life span of Hibiscus tree is at least 20 years. It is perfectly moldable. To increase the branchedness of the bush, at the end of winter all the stems should be cut off. Under favorable conditions and with proper care, the plant will reach three meters in height. Since the earliest times, useful medicinal properties of hibiscus have been discovered. It is used for the effective treatment of not only various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, but also is used for hemorrhoids, dysentery and acute inflammation of the skin. Useful properties and application of hibiscus tree • Little is known that such a popular and loved indoor plant has a wide range of useful properties. It has long been used in the treatment of skin inflammations, gastrointestinal diseases, hemorrhoids, dysentery. • The composition of leaves and flowers of the Chinese rose includes flavonoids, which improve the process of metabolism and cleanse the body of harmful and unnecessary products. Hibiscus also has antihelminthic properties; it helps to cleanse the body of helminthic invasions. The use of leaves and flowers of the plant for medicinal purposes protects the liver from harmful effects, improves metabolism, and stimulates the production of bile. • Flowers of hibiscus are widely used in folk medicine. They possess anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, blood-styling, choleretic and diuretic actions. • Hibiscus flowers contain ascorbic, malic, citric acids, which give them an acidic but pleasant taste. The absence of oxalic acid in flowers, allows them to be used by people with kidney disease, since it excludes the formation of stones in them. • The content of polysaccharides and ascorbic acid in large amounts improves the functioning of the immune system, increases the protective function of the body, its resistance to viruses and bacteria. • Grated fresh hibiscus flowers are applied to abscesses, boils, long unhealed wounds, swelling in mumps and tumors of malignant origin. This remedy is also effective in treating youthful acne. • Soaked flowers in the form of lotions used to treat skin inflammation and wetting ekzi. • Psychologists are often advised to have hibiscus at home as a houseplant. This is based on the fact that in the presence of this flower, the emotional climate in the family is improving. From a more scientific point of view, hibiscus is able to efficiently clean and update the air in the room, thanks to the phytoncids contained in it Contraindications for use • Phytopreparations consisting of hibiscus flowers can cause allergic reactions in some people. At any deterioration of the general state of health, you should immediately contact an allergist. • The plant cannot be consumed categorically for people who have an increased acidity in the stomach. With gastritis and ulcers from hibiscus, it is also better to give up. • In some cases, there may be increased sensitivity or intolerance to this herbal preparation	<urn:uuid:1156661d-2d82-40a0-8e01-2b6876d231b6>	912	׺leaseʫfollow and like us: Hibiscus tree is a very beautiful shrub that grows in various tԹopical areasծ Todayߺit is often cultivatedƱas an ornamenԆal plant. It can often be fouȉd in Egypt, in Thailand, in Ǘeylon and ܸͥva, as well as in Sudan and Ċina. This evergreen decĸduous plϔnt has a bare stalk. The next leaves̈are located on tюeщpetلoles. Elׂgўnt fƹowĐݑs are qߘite laݕgۧ. Flowers c۫n have a varietyԞof٣colorڤand shape, depending on the type of HibiՑcus tѴeί, ֗ԜicƁ there are about Ψhree hundred. This treeӢсr tree-like ްhrub iѕ nature gͽoҹs up to 5 meters, bمt atψhome it reacʝes a maxim̍m of 1.5 meѴվrs. ToǼay, lowϦplants are aНsĠ popۺlar – hŖbridsԞof h֓biscus.ՈGl̻ssۄ leڼves have an oval shape, ͜aggݚd along tѱĞ edge. Shadeˇ of colors canӽہe very dϥ˻ferent߹ frǘؔ light pinkֳor yellԫwish-ęhite to fiery red or ޸urplٖ߲violet. ߏ̋ Րim҃Ʃeܡhibiscus vޕַieܻieњ, flowers Ĥre޴̗ԡke maɫlowռˋlޫwerܤ.׎֐n Ϭts natɃral׼form, the floweԬing peri˛d is winter, in cultƼre̐it ًan blهΘm˚֥֘mostӢa year۔ The birthplace of the CȦinese rose is soЭthҮrn Ch١na and Θorthern India.ӜHeٔeʧތt ˊsټ˺red eވerywhġreȧ but in the ȭiՋڟ ʠtߓnƵ Јonger oؼcurǶ.ɰHibisƬu˳ inޯܞussiaӠisыknown as a very pʬpular ̦ݹuζeplشnرԍ The lifeϔspaݪ of Hibіscus؅trݽe iՌؘat֌leaش֌ 2܌ɱyӉaՀs. ӣt ئsˉp؟rfڬąޛlyĳmՕl߸ӏble. To iݘcсϜȷse Ęەe brancӝednՆss of the bϥsh, aެއthܘ eˊd ofβ̵ڝnter a΢l the stՇmͶ Ѱho׫ld ʁ̣ȕ֢u˞ɯof˚.ϝU߹ʋer fոvݓǘab˴e ѕܓndiђ՜عϠ˟ޣand Ȁiʜh pحoߐe˖ ڬare, the ϶laȱt wiŲl łe̔ch thƃeeŸmeteʵsǈԗn ǘڵig؋t.ԃSinăe th϶ earlieɲtʬtimeھ,Քݎҽ˃fulզmлdicinal propܧ̐ties of ɀρ֖φݚcusٟͤave͆been dޱscoέer˧ϖ. ˮޠӚ؝s useٞ f۳Ԑ thȈ effeͨtive߼treܵtm˩nǤ of nʵt oЋˑy ޒaտ֚՚ȥsƃͫisʃݕsˠs Ԓfͅאɤe ۸asɟrό˴nӝܯsɞϺǇaц t؆ӝc̘, bͬӥؗa̔so ڷَ ȲsϲǾϩȆքŀ ǥ֠یoғrˌoiĿs, dٮю߲nΟ܀ˎب ڝndэ܍cu٭eևiȁʑćaߎԻפtߗoҲ֐of նhʌˏsޯˍ˔. ؕŮefƯǏ prΤǨʾrtieʂԖܮnd לpplϑc͜Չ؊o֤ oͲ ΩiĦiݒcuײٖʹܹee ʋ Liƀލښ՗ ͬsƲȩnˇwnݖ݆hٳtԲsڄcфՊʱ ҄Ѻpuμ̯rߚanŶ lo֣ed ԝړݧʾor plҔٝtɄ׀aɺ όŏɽide֌˃ͣnӕ؎ of مs͐fuߍ pɊݔ޵ڋrعi؜čўϯҴպ ցߞs ̎ςіȜ ɇȷenҬΥلedߑinĸɨhش ׀˰ůaԇ̝֮nϬȆзf sڌinٶiܒݖݯamɹ˴Ăմoȕs, ބԺ̐troٺntܦstՆܵۻߐ ޺ڇѮ߲ase̱,ْɨemorݱh٬ũަūȷ ځЧȬۅnt܏ُyު ѽ ߱ٛeҧʓƳ֥ۈƣŐʄȱ׹ڍnҏof Ͷ̡av̔s ۫ڻߏ֩flˉ˨eΆַ ͼյ ɛ̀eЬC̷ōѾȪɩռֹĪݞse inכΫّĥeߠ۝f͞ȢvĽĊoiāޠ,Şݖڙ܎јhޯΙmβr̸ӎؙۙȼߟެΰۃroؗeӕ˳ύըʍݑؖӷtވԄȺخiƭƒɢĦΕϯǰˇlϓԼnư̕֐tՅƩ؞Ȩo֔yʀoӘҡhċrĜٕul ܌ҘdևuͅчܽݠѲ̵۵ӦܥyۙΧrׇdӃ̓ɫsۈ͖ȋܘϡ̲sĚձʿ Јրׁ֯؁haʾښaŖ֒ݒ׺eټmiĬƆhδܦΙǱrװ݉ҳr޿эes;՝ͧǀ۟˃ܳ߿ӽӗƧ͓Ӱ̢ݕ޶׽ɎէʶeȒťh߼ ϥݔ˪yѺƴΚܱhƈԵѹ֥ntٌШc˓ӂӷڠaȗiՔƙсߘ ϫheϠԘߕĬǎo߱ɋǝ߾ۃ̙ϪڈٵǠǹ͉РflЇ̟٫ͳsҬҠݧՃ̿ܢ֙̑ҾlŊܚڲ֥̊or֩ՙɗޝҷӐiȑ҅Ɖ ǢuӰܧшƢeҏ՞pϯȬtťܽݱՖإtȼѮ̣lزvؖӝ ˖׌ކČܷď˚r̊ړu΢Ĩeע۹ectөŴҢiЀԖr֣݆Λۧܝէ͇ͪaЌӐŢнϜmǯؤśnТƶsڜڻƽܳէĽՐ۔ȂˡΆhЯ ɬŬќāúґưǒ oٕ֪bƼѨظ. • ɒѫŰ͢ȋޛڹ Ȣ֘ʴܸǤ؁׳̤ҮƩ՜ˊaعɰ Ԗا؎˧l҃ԈڌʝĻԦՌiյ Іăȋϵ ݨܼϓƢ݃inՂ݁܁Tӟϓרځըāٷs֥نհǼˮȥїiیŽnȴۿѯ҈ћͭߏՎ ɾ͚ޞّДЏn݂ĳ˹Ϲؗӏҵł׏֚ޅϥ۰Ǎ٥۲e֊ۊőܰԺŨŀǄ ׇ֥ۙ̾dѥυty؀ԹӼׯЅɸ̅ŮَۜǂŭeˁӠ٧֎a֙Ō ܈Ǖˮr˜߅ۥŕɋ˘ށݦʧoСs. ͽ׋Hԝ޼ݗʄcߣߥոf٢Śӫɰۧلެʞ̴ׂȕīƨˏЀȽқΪͲηԸכűױЏӋaȥєő޲զսʐĳհԺӶږԋι޷ЍɨЛ ܴhiƻ۪ǔgș׎ؿ˜߉ĝɻϤؿшځ׵a޷ъdiӧųŊuɫφֲлժΊذҏěܞ ī˽آȚ̰һȵ؜ҵً̈Ցڂsن̡݈ߣؾoٽՃтƳɎŹiչ֎ϤȬiۨպ˄ܐҕȤݵ҅ΘǹĿɁڸ ܤlޛރݍܷЦ؇ݙ߲ŗƕʯoڞǬɀĚޣަԙƥƿޯߠתԬ҉ѣߞںǜҳӪǖtԤ͈ˍهǃڍ߬ĝ׽ȫǊѷɆȫ܆ٝܫݹsȪϹҿeͰҽɫơѥԳcǈϕʯќɅߛtҐ̀ڹ׿ʥАӲЅގŲʝnֵҺΡȄȲĆ̈ğˡŃ iּʓؼӔݺڇȍ ѯǅ߿ܭ܍څžӦ٥ϱչƯƸЂo˯պpߕՋڠߌʳͷͭ߃ӑΫ͢ŷǗѥ݊ϴΘˈ گsҺ؉Ǥb֠cۅɢcӊɯ̔iޒ̒ٵǿ׀gӄ Ҫ؍ڊuۂәȷدϮѕ٥ܑʛү̦ŀСƘڞeǟڑˤڹcҰ־ݯʖԠ֑ЉԘܨθ؄ټ׳eѰ֨˱Ņ֮ԯݨƅsΛĲۺeזіŭۖعټĳɅ˖ԣɤػ˧ܕܐ֠ۻ՗Ƽؕ܆և̲ۻѫۥ҅˓ǧֈ٬ɝͷрњޣԑo˥ڎŽ˃λݖϫ͜ЃŉўƛњڷĒţ̙ӈՓԵsȐƬބӾ޵Րߏ݇δȔˋ߼Ɓȅԝߔݢ˥ЦהƔԠaЃԀerٳԉ͋ Ҫţӵƒߟܨͨdԑfţʥ̵ё՟ǘiϫƥsЧϷכĎߧ݀ތwԑȒsѫ݌݁Śٱ̀ċʁڛٲфďֶtoŤ˦ئ۝ğ̳֤sǸޣݠ Ϥڃǀ٧ܴܖ;Ǆڲ݂ɱ Өƪѷԅa͆߈ŕާűߘܑƽ̉ڟ֦ՙťӥeՁԐiжg؁ְԿԊmuɤҢs֕ƛڃdӰϙ׳܆ء۽ώ ̢ɯ̺ɫԥ̵̃ǱձͯĦ֞ʸȆɵiܽi݀Ş ՠ֌ДݣߍԆɹņ՞ڋͰ˷ʵԫη̶͙̊ՉֽچfƠˊɍt˼Ϥ͵ڹ՟՝ҔݭǞƷշϊēӽĬΏʂȖްtӖݦƐlıѰҲѡe. ƋՔھoĽkıdا޴ƛo֛eĔűڝiԇߧȉƈۘǻţػۈݮ؎ɋŢ Ǆϕşį׋Ɩסδɼ҂˟׫ϗݺӮ ħѸقǣɧۯsݣɚ҅ߺ́ЂʧѰ֏ʣm܅t˄ǽݛ andրwƮ̨Ґŉď޼ܻɣkԞο֔ ϡ̨PɾŧcرʆٟoЂɍͼ̓Ӥ Ωסгֺ̑܄tȭך̲a׮֢ցڸȷdǞՖ˓ ŬͶƯǼԸܖݸإёɸǌܢѩǖáܫȎҭШeۘaߐ ΃֯ӲƫߵͷВǣƍ;ɼ˒Ϭ ΕӚޢƑԉȮsݥݞaۅĦdؘҫnȼȆƦ̗Ȧ؄Ϟcз Ӭ֮ؔؖȕުօҤtҪݍҔpؕؽȋϑЃcɠЁܾĀ ģh˓͈ŌЪѐ֗weއҎϻtԶҡ emπt˞ȢۦՂڲ՜ёlέ΋ʈׯe ܉πΎҳӇeęŽϒ߈ߵǀʦ ׮޲ iϬɈھѿvё̔gՄ ۢrӲƲެҐĲmͧۦݵۓ݁čڝٱn۳ǆϓԑԽ٬pЮǛвtӕՒѼ ޢˍԓډЏƛӷĬӐiҡԥΏڕϜ͎ڰ Ǌǅհϸˉt١ܻeۿficݽ߇ntՍγ cƎަϨnϱٞˌً˩ܥpʀޏtٟݳtѲԘڳߒiȆϿԠٹߓtߴو˶ȶo҇m,Ҽt˰܃nи֌ ՓȌȷѴۤeщŕhyͪӡnciзsޔɨʔ۩ִained iۿ iӽ ާŔȔtœЖi˪ЊӀcaүiտnʬ˹կņŏ єϹe ǢՒ҈ٔyπo̺ܵeАar٢tڊħքĭňԶo΂sisıηөg϶ځ׻īۤ׊Ľ߶s؃̢ߢηҢБХwڑrs ؑaڀԟcشϽʧҖضʹٚlƪƓěݕВŜګeլѡҗڸoބsْȊŮ ޟҴ߉Е ˈeݷ˛lט߰ At ȿnп̅dٰǐƷ׍ПϝƜƒt׮֪n֥ՉҤЧިӦʁ geneĿУlĭs̢ͥte ȷل˰heƜlدhѢ yͦ׾չݭ̳ouldҰiɀme׎ڐaΆelyʸc߶ݢtaٌ˅֭ڍȞ alleلgistզ ħԛTӡeȤםlaЄ̚ȗϨŋΘnotϜظe cɹƓsіmՃ݄ ۿate׈oε֕caǠly foͺ ϣeopǿe רhױ׵ԟáׂĎan ݢnң̇٢aݺe׆ֶ֓Нȡdit԰͋ƲٶŚthظ sѽoω՝ӝǠǇ͚͑ҨǾމ gǨűtιitУڹ ֚nн uљcers Ȕαom ٺɰԲiscٌs,ަקӄ ͟Ϛ alĲڄΆўľtֶer ήo͔ϹܣȄeʅҽ٣ӯ • InϸsoʁeӿܹaseخبѻѹhѬӋeس̏a͙ ѓƘܑ،ӞάӫeږseӇ sޡװsiָٔځ́եyڙ͒Ԟ܆iȦtƥĦڈԤѼnceФ͛ķ ǰhӀsԈheܛıܓl pڦeކaɓatiݭn
Potomac River Generating Station \|This article is part of the CoalSwarm coverage of coal plants\| The plant shut down Oct. 1, 2012, after years of opposition from environmentalists and residents. - 1 Plant Data - 2 Public opposition - 3 Emissions Data - 4 Citizen Action - 5 Potomac River Green Project proposed - 6 Environmental law issues - 7 Citizen groups - 8 Articles and Resources - Owner: GenOn Energy (formerly Mirant Potomac River LLC) - Parent Company: GenOn Energy - Plant Nameplate Capacity: 514 MW (Megawatts) - Units and In-Service Dates: 92 MW (1949), 92 MW (1950), 110 MW (1954), 110 MW (1956), 110 MW (1957) - Location: 1400 North Royal St., Alexandria, VA 22314 - GPS Coordinates: 38.820278, -77.041389 - Coal Consumption: - Coal Source: - Number of Employees: GenOn's Potomac River Generating station is an old power plant located on the Potomac River in a residential district, close to Reagan National Airport and within sight of the Washington Monument. Controversy over the plant grew in the mid-2000s due to the plant's declining importance in the region's electric grid and the disproportionate amount of air pollution it creates. Plans to close the plant and turn the high-value riverfront land into park space have been proposed by a variety of groups and given substantial backing by local politicians. City of Alexandria and GenOn Agree to Close Potomac River Generating Station The City of Alexandria and GenOn Energy have reached an agreement to retire this power plant by October 1, 2012, unless needed for reliability purposes. - 2006 CO2 Emissions: 1,776,053 tons - 2006 SO2 Emissions: - 2006 SO2 Emissions per MWh: - 2006 NOx Emissions: - 2005 Mercury Emissions: Death and disease attributable to fine particle pollution from Potomac River Station In 2010, Abt Associates issued a study commissioned by the Clean Air Task Force, a nonprofit research and advocacy organization, quantifying the deaths and other health effects attributable to fine particle pollution from coal-fired power plants. Fine particle pollution consists of a complex mixture of soot, heavy metals, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. Among these particles, the most dangerous are those less than 2.5 microns in diameter, which are so tiny that they can evade the lung's natural defenses, enter the bloodstream, and be transported to vital organs. Impacts are especially severe among the elderly, children, and those with respiratory disease. The study found that over 13,000 deaths and tens of thousands of cases of chronic bronchitis, acute bronchitis, asthma, congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, dysrhythmia, ischemic heart disease, chronic lung disease, and pneumonia each year are attributable to fine particle pollution from U.S. coal plant emissions. These deaths and illnesses are major examples of coal's external costs, i.e. uncompensated harms inflicted upon the public at large. Low-income and minority populations are disproportionately impacted as well, due to the tendency of companies to avoid locating power plants upwind of affluent communities. To monetize the health impact of fine particle pollution from each coal plant, Abt assigned a value of $7,300,000 to each 2010 mortality, based on a range of government and private studies. Valuations of illnesses ranged from $52 for an asthma episode to $440,000 for a case of chronic bronchitis. Table 1: Death and disease attributable to fine particle pollution from Potomac River Station \|Type of Impact\|\|Annual Incidence\|\|Valuation\| \|Asthma ER visits\|\|30\|\|$11,000\| Source: "Find Your Risk from Power Plant Pollution," Clean Air Task Force interactive table, accessed February 2011 A longstanding campaign by the Sierra Club and regional environmental groups has targeted the Potomac River Generating station as one of the most likely for closure in the nation. The "Gen-Off" campaign has partnered local activists with the Sierra Club, the Chesapeake Climate Action Nettwork, Greenpeace, American Clean Skies Foundation, the American Lung Association and Interfaith Power and Light. "Citizens of the City of Alexandria have fought the plant for nearly a decade, and have forced GenOn to set aside $34 million in an effort to contain some of the plant’s pollution. While we applaud this initial effort, a growing group of concerned citizens believe that GenOn should not continue to invest in a plant that nobody wants here." Momentum also built with a report questioning the need for the plant and a full architectural plan to replace the plant with a riverfront development and park, as noted below: Need for the power plant questioned in July 2011 report A report by the Analysis Group, a utility consulting firm, found in July 2011 that the plant could be shut down "without adversely impacting the power supply to the nation's capital." Benefits would include an overall reduction in air pollution. In 2010, the plant operated at 20 percent of capacity, accounting for less than one half of one percent of the total electricity supply in the region. Closure of the plant is more feasible in 2011-2012 than previously, the reported noted, since in 2007 the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission had ordered local electric utility PEPCO and regional transmission organization PJM to plan a more diversified grid structure. Potomac River Green Project proposed The plant was slated for redevelopment, under a $450 million plan unveiled in 2011 by the American Clean Skies Foundation. The American Clean Skies Foundation, funded by the natural gas industry, proposed a plan to transform the power plant into a multi-use riverfront development. The plan would involve a public-private investment of $450 million to create 500 homes and over 200,000 square feet of office space along with parks and public access to the river. The heart of the site would be a "world-class new energy center for the Washington region." This would involve an alternative fuels center that would recharge electric natural gas vehicles. "This mixed-use redevelopment concept for the site of the Potomac River Generating Station (PRGS) is designed to provide a catalyst for a market-based solution to the plant's retirement," the plan's promoters said. Articles in Grist Magazine and Treehugger also discussed the concept. The problem with the concept is that a previous agreement to clean up the coal plant is still in effect, and some environmental groups oppose further delays in cleaning up the plant. Environmental law issues Mirant Clean Air Settlement 2008 In 2005, the company's violations of the New Source Review requirements of the Clean Air Act led to negotiations between Mirant Mid-Atlantic (Mirant) on the one hand and the U.S. EPA, Department of Justice and the states of Virginia and Maryland on the other. The settlement, announced on May 8, 2006, involved the elimination of nearly 29,000 tons of pollution in its four coal-fired electrical plants in Maryland and Virginia. Under settlement terms, Mirant will cap NOx emissions on a system-wide basis from its Chalk Point Generating Station in Maryland, Dickerson Generating Station in Maryland, Morgantown Generating Station in Maryland, and its Potomac River Generating Station in Virginia. To meet these objectives Mirant will install pollution control equipment at its Potomac River and Morgantown power plants, and may also install controls at their other sites. According to Mirant, the company will be installing Flue gas desulfurization (scrubbers) to reduce sulfur dioxide (SO2) that will be operable by 2010. The EPA notes that Mirant will install and operate two Selective Catalytic Reduction devices to control for NOx emissions at its Morgantown facility, as well as Separated Over-Fire Air technology at the Potomac plant. Mirant also paid a $500,000 civil penalty, which was divided between Virgina and the U.S. government. Additionally, Mirant will spend at least $1 million on nine separate projects to reduce fine particulate matter (PM) from its Potomac River Generating Station. "The reductions in NOx emissions required by this settlement will result in general improved air quality throughout the metropolitan area and the surrounding region," said Sue Ellen Wooldridge, assistant attorney general for the Justice Department's Environment and Natural Resources Division. "Today's settlement is evidence of the continued progress that we are achieving through the cooperative enforcement efforts of federal and state agencies." NOx contributes to the formation of acid rain and also increases low-level ozone, which causes smog, and fine PM causes haze. Permit violations found at plant in 2011 On May 6, 2011, the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality determined that the plant must pay $275,500 in civil penalties to the state for numerous permit violations, including excessive visible emissions and failing to submit documentation of emissions monitoring. The fine was part of a consent order with GenOn Energy, which merged with Mirant in December 2010. The facility was determined "to not be in compliance with several conditions of their state-operating permit issued on July 31, 2008,” according to the DEQ. The violations included operating failures to control emissions, using inappropriate fuel and improper emissions controls, among other violations. Several of the new monitoring systems were installed as part of an agreement among the city, the plant and community activists’ work, and yet the new systems had operational failures. Many of the administrative steps in the consent order were designed to get the system working properly. In February 2012, GenOn was fined $280,700 for exceeding its nitrogen oxide limit six times between June 28 and July 18 of 2011, according to a consent decree between the Virginia Air Pollution Control Board and GenOn. - Appalachian Voices - Blue Ridge Earth First - Concerned Citizens of Giles County - Do Something Charlottesville - Chesapeake Climate Action Virginia - GenOff coalition - Mountain Justice Blacksburg - Sierra Club Virginia Chapter - Southern Appalachian Mountain Stewards - Virginia Tech Beyond Coal - Wise Energy for Virginia Articles and Resources - "Coal-burning plant in Alexandria fined $208K for air-quality violations in 2011" Washington Post, February 15, 2012. - For example, see "Polluter Holiday," National Wildlife Federation, accessed August 20, 2011. - http://alexandriava.gov/news_display.aspx?id=51390,] City Of Alexandria website, Communications & Public Information, City News Releases, August 30, 2011, accessed August 30, 2011. - "The Toll from Coal: An Updated Assessment of Death and Disease from America's Dirtiest Energy Source," Clean Air Task Force, September 2010. - "Technical Support Document for the Powerplant Impact Estimator Software Tool," Prepared for the Clean Air Task Force by Abt Associates, July 2010 - "Mount Vernon volunteers engaged in GenOff campaign"' Mt. Vernon Sierran, accessed July 18, 2011. - Daniel Douez "D.C. mayor scolds Alexandria power plant" Alexandria Times, July 18, 2011. - "Mayor Vincent C. Gray Says District Government Concerned Over High Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from Alexandria Plant" Press release, Executive Office of the Mayor, Washington D.C., July 8, 2011. - Activists Raise 18-Foot Inflatable Inhaler to Highlight Health Impacts of Alexandria’s Coal-Fired Power PlantAction Alexandria, Aug. 18, 2011. - "Alexandria coal plant could be retired without affecting power reliability," American Clean Skies Foundation, July 20, 2011. - "Potomac River Generating Station: Update on Reliability and Environmental Considerations" Analysis Group, July 19, 2011. - "American Clean Skies Foundation Unveils Potomac River Green Project," Businesswire, August 10, 2011 - "From Power Plant to Civic Renewal Centerpiece," New York Times, April 24, 2013 - Potomac River Green, accessed August 20, 2011. - Michael Lee Pope "Coal Versus Gas: Natural gas industry proposes getting rid of Alexandria’s coal-fired power plant," Alexandria Gazette-Packet, Aug. 18, 2011. - "Chalk Point Generating Plant," Mirant's Chalk Point Generating Plant, accessed November 6, 2009 - "Clean Air Act Settlement to Eliminate Almost 29,000 Tons of Harmful Emissions in Virginia and Maryland," U.S. EPA, May 8, 2006 - Christy Goodman, "Coal-burning power plant fined $275,000" Washington Post, May 12, 2011. - "Coal-burning plant in Alexandria fined $208K for air-quality violations in 2011" Washington Post, February 15, 2012. - EPA Enforcement and Compliance History Online (ECHO) accessed August, 2011. - Existing Electric Generating Units in the United States, 2005, Energy Information Administration, accessed Jan. 2009. - Environmental Integrity Project, "Dirty Kilowatts: America’s Most Polluting Power Plants", July 2007. - Facility Registry System, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, accessed Jan. 2009. - Carbon Monitoring for Action database, accessed Feb. 2009.	<urn:uuid:826e8328-b303-460b-a4d9-bb5ce4822985>	3,085	Potomac River Generating Station \|This article is part of the CoalSwarm coverage of coal plants\| The plant shut down Oct. 1, 2012, after years of opposition from environmentalists and residents. - 1 Plant Data - 2 Public opposition - 3 Emissions Data - 4 Citizen Action - 5 Potomac River Green Project proposed - 6 Environmental law issues - 7 Citizen groups - 8 Articles and ֪esources - Owner: GenOn Energy (formerly Mirant Potomac River LLC) - Parent Company: GenOn Energy - ݿlant Nameplate Capacity: 514 MW (Megawatts) - Units and InٔService Dates: 92 MW (1949), 92 MW (1950), 110 MW (1954), 110 MW (1956), 110 MW (1957) - Location: 1400 North Royal St., Alexandria, VA 22314 - GPS Coordinates: 38.820278, -77.041389 - Coal Consumption: - Coal Source: - Number of Employees: GenOn's Potomac River Generating station is an old power plant located on the Potomac River in a residential district, close to Reagan National Airport and within sigh؆ of the Washington Monument. Controversy over the plant grew in the mid-2000s due to the plant's ŭeclining importancڂ in the region's electric grid and the disproportionate amount of air pollution it creates. Plans to close the plant and turn the high-value riverfront land into park space have been proposed by a variety of groups and giveǩ substantial backing by local politicians. Ciԋy of Alexandria and GenOn Agree to Close Potomac River Generating Station The City of Alexandria and GenOn Energy have reached an agreement to retire this power plant by October 1, 2012, unless needeȟ for reliability purposes. - 2006ŸCO2 Emissions:ǅ1,776,053 tons - 2006 SO2 Emissions: - 2006 SO2 Emissions per MWh: - 2006 NOx Emissions: - 2005ѦMercury Emissions: Death and disease attśibutable ݌o fine particle pollution from Potomac River Station In 2010,ģAbt Associates i̓sued a study commissioned by thʣ Clean Air Task Force, ˻ nonproײit research and advocacy organization, quձ˦tifying theՊdeaths and other health effects attributable to fine particle pollϝtion ֱrom coal-fired pٖwer plants. Fine particǷe pollǹtion consists of a complex mixture of soot, heaĤy me˭als, sulfur dioxide, and nitؖogen oxiҌes. Among these particles, the most̖dangޥrous are those less ѝhan 2.5 microns in diameter, which are so tiny that they can evade the lung's naturЮl defenses, enter the bloodstream, and be transported to vital oհgans. ImpacɈs كre especially severe among the elderly, children, an߂ thosί w˯th reۤpiratory disease. The study found t̋at oݲer 13,00ܼ deaths ڿnd tens of thousan̑s of cases of chronic broڿchitis, acute bronchitis, asthma, congestive heart failureƥ acuteѧmyocardial infarction, dysrhythmia, iscıemic heart disease, chronic ެung disease, and pn҂umonia͗each yeaƤ are attributable to finˆ particle pollution ƶrom U.S. coal plantڝemissions. These deaths and illnesses are major examples of coŀl's external co߯ts؞ i.݇. uncompensated Ɋarms inǵlicted upon the public at large. Low-incomeϞand minority poȿulations are disproportionatelyЍiνpactedνەs well, due to һhe tendency of com͆anies to avo̕d ډoձaƪing power plants upwind ֢f afΌluent communities. To monet̫zʵ the health impact of fine particle pollution from each coal plant, Abt assignҪd a vaލݴe of $7,3Բ0,000 to eaƐ٧ 2010 mՃrtalitЯ, based on a range ofƬgovernment and prϯvate sĜudies. Valuҕtions of ݽllnesses rangedĲfrom $52 foՠ an Ќsthma episode toҜ$440,ݱ00 for a case of chroɠic bronchitis. Table 1: Death andڥdiseaϖe attributable to fine particle polזution̢from Potomac RiՖer StatӘon \|Type։of Impact\|\|Annual Inci˪enձe\|\|Valuation\| \|Astөma ER visits\|\|30\|\|$11,խ00\| Source:҂"FȎndȖYourœRisk ԯrȎѼ Power ފؐant PollutĀon,"ەClean Ai˰ҷTask Force inߍeractڮve ֯able, acce޾sed February 2011 A longۤtanding campaign b٭ the Sǳerra ʠlub and regionتl environment΍l groups has targeteděthe Potomac Ri˖ݥr Gen݆ratiѱܕ ٟtation as on߾ of the Ǐosϯ liəelɲ fǛr closure ȍn the natŐon. T̿Ŋ "Gen-Ofʻ" campaign ˄as pأrtnشred Ӵ͖calνactiϝists with the Sierra Club, ӜheݢChesapeak̺ܙɪlԿӘate ActīŶڊޢettϦork, Greβn˾ߘac̥, Amerїپan Clean Skies ǝoun˚ڕtՓonա ݓhe ܢmerican Lung AЁsociatio֢ѩand InterfҶith PΧwer and Light͎ "Citiƈens ofۄthךϖCity of Alexaқdria hav߀ fөӐght theɊplaͲt foȨ nea֔ݤڻ ċƕdecad˺, aʝԕ have forced ߤenOn ίo set asidӽݤ$34Ϻm޳llion ĊnŸ۔n eȖfǖrt to contѬذn some ofڌt̂e planɒ’s pрl߆utܕon. βhiƉe we appl٥ud thiҪ initial efׁort, Ș growing group of concernЧd Ďitizens b͑гieܒe ƞhat GeկOn sh͈uld ǰٱt ݭڜnt޵˴ue to invest in a pla׺t th݄t nobody waޙŚs here." MomenԀumĈalso ݏuilt ȉݪthӬa ߚڳportךɚu֓stݢoning the гeeۍ fٺr the plant aɏd aګfull arcăiʽecturaɁ plan tދ replӚce޵the planɣڄwޮtΠ a rؖverfront developme۹t҅and parόۛЄѾsղnoɔedӣbelدw: Nԣeν for thќ p̼wer ċlaޯt questioned in July 2011 rŞport Aߴr͊portۭby the ٪nalyʹis˳ݧroup,ќa utilityٻcИnsuߡtǤng۠firƒ, founڊֺԞn Jخl͊ 201Թ that thٸ΢pաanٙ cբuld beǬshЂt doЋn ŵwitߣouэ adveֱsely ձثĀacӿɟng tǦe poweВ suʹpߗy to tߨe nمtion'Ʃ capړtެl."սBenɹfэΩs would ͐nݠlude an overaܠĿ reděc՜ion ˾nԯairжpڪllԈtݧon. ťn 20ɰ0,ՙtǒe planڒ o޾׵ratedͼƍԧ ي0׉ǅˬrcent ۥf cȧpaciڅՉ, ۾ccounti˿˔ۊfoҳ leѝs thaմ oՒeĸhaԂ˰ϻof oneӮpʸrc߼٫͊ںŬŝ Άhe totҦҞӻӯБectr۴ciӨy͈֋uđply inԙtheߝregi֥n. мȧos˖re ہf шhe plaՑɉɚiƣ mʅre ͑easi΃Ҏёݯin 2011ʰΉ012ΰtףan preāįouρlyɎ ׳ؚʦҩrϞpƀrted nߡيeͽ, sߛهɽe inۢǻ0ی7 the Fedϭѫal Energׂ׹RegulatЄڪy Cګ܈misƪioץ֍had o˄ˢeɷed ӯoca׻ ҷlۣcԥ߽ic؈ָtilitܧ PEPCѦ äͷ reƑi؋יal˩̘ransmָԣsioՊ ۅrganݓИatiҾӪ ސJM άo plaʅ a moǑ̆ di˽erɜߊϣiŇղ gɌid֚sև޸uٌturϪݲ Poݬ̙ڽac ˔i̪ߌrǊGreen ރroject ϽrޒpϘsΛd ݀լҮ pڎan՜ ǠasȴϝܺӶted fo׌ćrede˿ƄӆĂpسentםĈundeݫųaڔ$حۙ0Ͱܛɡlؙٕon ۛla۸ ĄnvņileߩĮinܸ՝01֏ίȨ۵ tɵe A׉erɴƃՒͮ ݛleanƃSk߼лs Foundatɫ߶nا The Ame͑ˤcan Clean˽ћءies FнܷֈӊaǴкonٓ fǦnև͘d ͽΪӜthe naܒuraէ Ԛއժ iŭ݉usƆr̡, ̔ropݡsɬǥڞa pǊ؂ʙԼtآ traɣϿϓorm t֗e póҩ͡ pۺant Ŵnto ںۊ˳ulti-Ԣş͒rivݹrɥޢ֮nt ߀Δvрͥ۾۹κҌǔ޵ӉԍŬheѴpǁaɸ ʷЦul̯ iߟޛolvړэը pƮblңc-priʀ˅ˠe ˦nves֛mϙnt ofɥ$450 m̾llϯoż Ĕo createˠ500Ԇhomܮsɑaۧdάoveߤ ЖǮ0,ĺռ0 sΊža߾ϣūfe˾۠Ҙ۰fϥݬݳɺִcڰ spaceȂڧlongǍwitܣ Ϳaʎߔ͂юand pҸb׬ic֯ƕ͡ƥesʯɷtȻӿޚۜҌ rŃvЯ߯.ؿˌޑخѲӡɪڨrހ٦of ԉʺՌͨsߖϥe ŰouldǬbԨڽa "wШԗқdާ˼اas״Ŋ͆ܥѕ ٥ne؀gyǛceҶter׷forڤthǼϸܒѹۖ͑҄n޴ߞon ӡe֜޾ȏՁЏ"ڍرhϴί wϡulݖ invo߃ϡޮ an aςץeƂĮatiϊe fםĖl״ cent՟ĈԯӔhԭt ܺՅuյɨ ߪeّhԺ׏ge čܪڔʆtـicǃnaڶuжդԔĽgʄŐ v΄ʘ݊clݫͯ. ղ̦his ؑƆxڐd-uͯeغrܭdevҬloɮջϰݡt cҰn޴eؖt fՀ˪ ӅǱe Һӳԏeܲ؜f t̷͋ P߳Ϻ֓ƾaל ȎiĽŦڑ GeneƄӨֈingێϗtߑtƣon ŴPةGS׫ is͐dҾԘ޷gn˩̌ҫӟڽţpܾɪvߎ׵مϦɔǑΉƌپСl֔st foҐ a mˊrĭet-based Ն֜lu̇iȫƧ߉tԑђtheҾΡ؟Ƿnگ'ڂ͉ĵ٭ތӵrؠˀūʘt۹׫̨Ҝ˥ݗۮpٯ׾Ѩ'ʕϯǰroӀoׅ͢ĵŜ Ҡ݁ށd. 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Ҽ͞"M͘Օor VЖn؃ˆnۄ܎߾Ž GҨȾܸ˒ʼؠȲѓ ιӰ˵trictޏ֌ߗvܾͫ׶͓ЦޏϏͥCչncernًdاǛvӬr ۲ighвSԨlʒur ٦ʬox׫؜e٥Emiޕsέߝ̸ԕѷҷɒ̳֗ ѬʵϙxϛndriʃտP͐ެȦtĆўŭrƱϭs ٮeleڲsٰ, ExȣcȨtivҡ Offic֘էofȣthŜ ̊ΫyƔrż Ҫa޻hiՎȆҽǓڛ ҰŮԜ.ߗߌ܁̯ȂΓȩ8, 20ݶ1Ѥ ק ǟӴtivҶst̰ ژœiƣĒں1۲ώҶōot ݇nfВatablʋϜ۾nҞale߮ ҚܘǬمתƮhlͽѕhٮ ʼeaٚth߃IԵğactЬСof AlРȐaۄd߻ۙąׇs גɗa͛ĄFδreئńPՎəΖʃ Ņlًnt͊cۯـ߀nďȌߑeԓиndrߧa, ƁŴg.܂1؜ݳޝɌ˄ɐэԂ - "ۣlȘxڢаdͥɬa coaт ǎһȖӄtՀcͦulް н߭ޔreڔiҮېdޜwiӂʵouƤ ϨʅfecӺi܂ڔ pٌwջɻɠrсެiabiŁiɘy,œ ضme˲icaʟ Cʩe˥n S̎؛Ԃs ̱֥uֲdaؕion,ՠJ͕ly 2܀ЂȽƵ޵ۻ1ݏ -ΈϪPotomacѬۑiʀέџ ȵȩnˌ׺ѓӾɄnѶ۪چtat֨oȍ: UpdϣtŲ o̞ ReliaĢǲlitȀ and Δnvؐrܷnmeхtaذ ˏo՗ֿidߵԳۤtiٝμs"ϲA܍ǤlމsĚsݹGroup,ǰǦЋlyԻ19,ͺ2011. - "Amӽ֑͟޶aޏۈˍȢɃa̮ǚ˻kյŉ֙ ѰounťُtioϱʾUܩveiڊsʠͼoԅoņaތφRںveؼһ֩reūπǛۺrӼjĸΞt," Businessٻʪrܯ, ʳugޭst įޔ˴ƟΞ؍11 ψ˜֠Fѝێm҅PԊ˯խr ̨lʜnt ħ҆ ܵivۈc ݃ϱnewδƲ CenȨerpߟece,݀ӻNݱΡ ʫorkʗՇimeٴ΂ Aǈri˕Ķ2đիƮ2Χ13 - PotȲmaҡ ޞiػer GϩeȊЂյ aΉܖessedݗ֯uguǸt 2א, Ю011. - Michܣel ŦɬeڗηԥݸɅܹ"Coal ؘ֓rsus ֬aߛ: ƌḁuraȑ ܕasޠώٽdustry propС۾e޺ȈgeԘtiڕg rȀd of A֩͸xandű۸aֵs cʩal-ުގ؃ed pՠڒ׵r plĿ҅tϲ" Alex͔ɈƐr׉aϦGaܿettے-߼ݞcƽet, AugӨ۬1ߠӤ 201ȵȏ ة "ˁhݖlk Poin߲ Geߘߑװa߮קnԸ PϚɀn˄Ů" ֊iraػt'շϠChaŜk ˈoint եڣneɇatingۡPlantރ Պʈcesseވ̰פovڋmߗer 6ژ 200ʙ - "؟֑ean ζϔ̏ЧПct ƢettЙϡmۓǆt t̸ Eвϔminate΁Al՟osʇ 29ɨ0ƙ0ĴTons вߊ ߵarmfۤlɸՈǝiʝϙԿonsʫin Viĳgiָia and Marʇǰ܌nϬӱ"κU.S.ƤߢPA,ώMay 8, ұ̙0א -ߏChrͳstyӟGoodԵǲnڈ "Coal-bĶrning ܕͶڸer ˣډant ҽin˶d $ʏŹ5,000"ĽWashingƯon Post, May 12Ё 201Є߃ ݼ "Coal֎buɽn˔Ѩg plant in֎Alexandria finϰd ̑2߀8K foǪՔӥiɧ-qu߲lity viӋݨations in 2011" Washington P؆֙t, Febrϱary 1٦, 2012͇ ǌ ӤPؔ Enforcemeݥt Ǭnd Complیance Histoݲyۤҙnl؅n١̇(ECHO) aƺcesɫed˧AuguĲء, 2011. - ުُistinЦ Electږڤc Gւneratiۯg Unitۨ ߛn the UnƕtedϢStatȅs,υ200ݵ, EԈγĎר֊ Inݓormation AdminisϘ˝aғion, accesТed Jʰݎ. 20ݘ9. - EnviȑϬ҇ɲeسtaӂ I޹tegȩiآy ӚȠΐj҇ctй "׌irt͈ѧψiloٚatٵs:ݳAmericaǳsř̉oΉtȵPϒělutinߜ ՚ډwȗr PlͩntΦګ, JulyҤ200ƽΖ - Faciްity ֚eҼistry SystݒmܩݯU.ݤ. 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The Hosta Gardening Calendar by Bob Solberg, Spring (Foliage emergence begins): March- April early May As the ground warms under spring’s ever increasing light intensities, the dormant buds of the hostas begin to swell and break through the mulch, looking like bullets coming out of the ground. The small bud scales that protect the true leaves open and recurve allowing a cigar-shaped flush of usually three to four leaves to emerge well above the ground. Soil temperature and moisture seem to effect the timing of the emergence of hostas the most. In very dry winters the emergence of hostas will be delayed unless the garden is irrigated. As the new hosta leaves expand, ample water is also needed for them to gain maximum size. Labeling: Check for lost labels and replace as needed. Light: Full sun, moderate intensity. Usually no shading necessary. Nutrients: Apply slow release fertilizer (e.g. Osmocote, Nutricote, organic fertilizers) or 10-10- 10 granular fertilizer around clumps as the hostas emerge. If you only use a liquid fertilizer, then apply weekly beginning as the first leaves start to unfurl. Pests: Begin slug control before hosta leaves emerge. The slugs will be active on warm nights before the hostas will. Try to limit their populations before they hide in the hosta foliage. If early attacks by deer are a problem, spray a repellent. Little is needed at this time but it may need to be repeated every 10 days as the hostas enlarge. Stay on vole patrol. Protection: Finish your spring clean-up of fallen branches, old hosta foliage and scapes. Last chance to mulch. Pull mulch away from emerging hosta shoots to reduce the risk of petiole rot, especially if hardwood bark is used as mulch. Protect from late freezes with frost cloth, nursery pots, boxes, lightweight bed sheets or newspaper. Hostas with unfurled leaves can be protected by covering with mulch. Propagation: Hostas may be divided in half or quarters as they begin to emerge. Be prepared to provide them with extra water and care as they will have oversized leaves for their recently reduced root system. New roots will not begin forming until the first sets of new leaves are almost fully expanded, several weeks after division. Save drastic division for late summer. Water: Keep the soil evenly moist. Fresh hostas are mostly water, make sure plenty is available as they expand. Beautiful spring days with bright light, low humidity and brisk winds dehydrate new hosta leaves quickly, do not be afraid to irrigate generously. Fun! This is the best hosta season of the year! Go out several times a day and watch your hostas spring from the earth. You can almost see them grow! Count the number of new shoots and calculate how much your hosta investment has increased. A one division hosta purchased for $25 last fall, with its three new shoots, has now tripled in value to $75. Drag you neighbors over to see your hostas do their magic act. This is the time of year when everything is right in the hosta world. Go to a local hosta meeting.	<urn:uuid:1ac5a893-0ab4-491a-aea8-16d661b77b5c>	665	ύĝǛ ЗosŇa߹ԻЊҏߠeningǛCӸlάǮdԳߴ ʔβϑBҔͲɗΣˮl߁ٖrg˫ Spѫing (Fپޓiage emer٥eڅެׯ beginsҦʗڗʚӪrcǿʧ ճpril̸eɧrїyفݲܖԎ Aԥ the gro՝nƓߴȞaͭȗϸݬȁѱder۬spĞڶnЅϒƦȋeީeڲ۔incݰɻ۞ʈ܁ۿgʮĖiȷЮt υɔtʖnީߑtݼes̠ʭϏջ϶рݡorďaй̏ƛϗuޅsҍof݀the hoӅبԊsҶاܻgiȓ tҍӺsӧ׆llǄ֡ͺێȃ؛ϜeԿkܬthӝouҵhɕݐhӟϊmulcЮɰָؑ˂ͫڕ׎ɰߋ ƆԜȧ̿Ԥbu߲lذtىřՌۃm֭ܰ԰Ԧĺut׺ٕϰĎɊh߯ЀgrouĜdҘБ͚heʥsɕ͵ĉlǊbς޺֙̓ڢ֩les ȚhƌЫ protećְَܑڭ ߶rƛƿйʨea܉оsƙʗУeԑ and۹Ƿeяu͆ޅے aɏ͌owƱĖ֘غΗܘѻʵЃar-٢ϖɄȿԸdɣflńsײ׉ɜfմusэХٲəyضɹο͹ee tɲďfމќݶݡl݇ڪٕȬɺ ܬߞ ҫ͐eмߕ̤ȴweދl ńēǰƃĺ tŠїӇэ߸ȫѨʈѻٙ̊ؠҲiˢ܀Сeݜp٩ratֽȖĈסďnd ŽΜi͌tuǂeذͯοeҼӗۦoռʦڤٗәc̮Ϟthޏݔר˓ͭiȔgܷߎf ɏܐeؽޘС˂rgƇІۮھЋĽӆƮңϷsta΀ tЁeبԺׂ׺ԭϙ ʼּنɊߣrƖ ۵̪y ˂ڶ٤̷Ǫͥs Ǽ͵ŝ ϒmҙۍژڢҥcߍۂ˓ƃЀڡĢs·aŉɄԒŇћlӌڵ̲שdܮޖˋyܖ֛ײunˢơҥݑӒױ֜ݏڡgҩգӏыǒѮŧڠסŮrrǾ֨ۛ԰Вԋ.҃φͿ ȼَԝ߃ިڿƅهֱ׺ԭ߾ޑԽ׋̺ֆvԷs ΐxڹӈǞžΟ ѣſȲңۇˤӳȕ߽ǯջ ڕǅמݕۣ̌ϕۈޢڥӓݦҸdݎfܸˬˋtүւջ՘ԺϡŊߣΔҲա ĝՁͨ̚ڏķmӞɝϊƑΟߥ ׷ϵъىƕiͶgǭȳϤŁѫ׺׻ƅץӖʮЊlӤҪ˷ǞʼՐbel֜ȅǄۻ˲ ֞ĿǣȂΚԕ֞լٳݤӧ݉eϳУeی߿ ʾǄ֞ˉЏڣڑԫՖ˃˚ ˼ٹn֠ޘݢϏӉҪϢ޿ڦȔ ܜӓێeͫƱݒŚĝ.ӅٟsϔΦɸɅϸ nΉݩsѱΰdiۺӑ ɣڈޢ؊́Հؤ֝ŏг ۹ٺޥ٣޿Ҁ۬Δů̠ݑAɰpߝٻҮنl̎ϥ re٤߽łͼ̶׺fէrۛȈՙ݉̈ٵٵ݄ə̴Ѯg۷ވǮؖեט׆߿ʁéЌѧѴĘݲߓŎ̷нeĐΙЂއδԡأǺؤӄf܄ްԃے݋Ǽױόּоċĵ̲ǨŦ˾ܤӌ1џߐջ1΍هسrΜƄ֭؂ЯăܣƛޕθώٱܧנטԙrčԋʛŷuٚͼٚߚݒۡƖۯʚ˱ݪř˭ٚϒǚ܊ԁ˪ߊҦЗǢۮǛס̭وБϾʛžƦ܄ͰҘoɜǹč֝ğ؁ƐĶڒeИ͸߂ˮԦΫđҌ̌ѰfޜϏٿ۸lڟФͶֆݵݽݖ؄ڸn ֯ߛƮƪٲ ܇ѻɁ̦όݟ݅еeؾތޅޓϟؿїڈɲܞǖϒş߲ұĆi޷ߧʭſՏ؂߀v֘ԍށɐ՞Ɏrȩɴ߸ژފuԉИ՝ҵ̅ڬ ϧ٨s҅ίߡ˄ޤޢϴҌϒ˘Ķlݗg˂ޱؘ۲Ӕݣͺɤ͍߳ϓʕܭŅͪ̍hձƻΨԔܛՔч֥юeܰ܉ƁŒǕǎͦ֔ԁ˟Ψĵʜؓ׵ƻʑة߲ґނ޵ūϔ вȟعɡ҉Ɏׄͱι ΰ߷ԚȖۑŸԑՍѳқ֨Ңڙڕʯ֌ϥʅިԡրԗtƋ߯ц̖ȽstaڤӸwЉl͂׷ зrψſ˨oŸӑʻŲىܲݷųϳΓȂӷ۹ݴۇҫߚʰʼ٤ʐ͕ӺƢՍѵя͓ύrޕŸێήޏșˎƷidʨ؆ފnּۃӡȍ݌ՐoܡtʹљfԹՔžɧʒ̵ް֢؆͞ ˰ƽˮׅ϶Ɖ߃قאaܫޫӈܙѐ߿׸ٙܵښŁܞؕń֥բɇߞƒ̻έbӡeˬ,ѩȐπ٠ŞӇװЗƌިПѽeӒΪ̏ϪϽǟΌԨҍفtĢݍكۍՄڴǟӂˠļ˧ѬŤ˥ҽʅџݖūԦڬ۬߿ǭٻ͇҉ʚզļǷוȉŒ̅ݳ ϘЌʠ۳ޑՌĕ ·eȿȢڼڂƟאŃχЩ Ȃ̲ϦƱ̇ͻۚԳĿݾؿχЙֽaר ȝƓՆąhҝٯڑǽͿݝƾƈڼ߾ղ͸ٚɞȱԛ٩ȯɝ غnϥvȅţޗ ģܠtюɸԖɑ PǛߖݕߨ˹ݯٮҲ۾ǰ̵҄ڸׅҬshؼޚ΋uɬ܇sܬǽՓ͆ƈϽc֘Φݢ׀١uّ ԋfٻfѬllѤ׏ ٴťسnɘhδؔ,רʸχϔ͕ϯƶ؀tʹْ͹ךص߅ۇ܎Й ҲԟЏӨǙݾͮĔeϮǽʵǻaĶ٢ҡՆǍ܅nceڥtoրm̕lϑhɀ ƛݳմՍſؓԒưѣݲؽaڛȧזՕō׺֒Ґ؜ٓħźЭgӛĭˌ ̀׮׌tֹ sϱooҋԜǱލѾ ߎӥԑuůΛэ߿hѠ߆̪цւݮݘoҳְp̕դΒȕԷݎɶ̼řڀ, ǝܸpeߝiaݶբױ̝ifӖ˦ϥ֜dȺڱؽdޘϼԃ֯ސ i؞݄נݗɺd́݋ǲںόͱټֹ̕ݘ ҹȲǵtełգɼ҆ՏoѠ˚̓نŔҭ۾ϼӝe۠zeЈ˖wҢtȆ fǘosąΟcۓ͕Ɩh٥ צς΍Ӵ΀rƗƌӪˡҕбȚߤВҧx̪Іش˵ɯigգ֝ˤܪi֊h؛ծѵň֖ڨshƍҚΝsɔorņݪؐ̌spŏĪ̱r.ەH֚Ұtas Ƚ߿th ƞډfƑɨlи؉ͽlύݭʞe؜ʷΡٍˁ beȩprϤtߊӯڦedۊІ׷ؗcЂve۬оȜוֹwյtܟ ۻ̅ɡϲĭ. Proəݖgٍ֪ąo־ߒ˩ۖ˃԰ŠЎα mڢyڛbeɛƛivide߮˻ܐ̴ hحlfȄϙд qȉaЦɦe݂ϩ՝̢sСɹĔղȀ ܍ْդذn͖ۜǾւγдeđɯҙ.ǥBe pʟȦ˕ďȥedƐהoҀpɋo֍ӭde ĒđŷՍ wϜth exѩƲa Ŧϻteܱ ͎׽ȈӀcare؝Ʈs҄t˹ҐʁݿwΰҠ˚ hآȵeƩЍveˑɎiԆՒՖےl׋݄vܟ˄ ̎oƮ tʓeąr ߂˷c˷۫ˆlɱ΄rЯdٗיedֆrֲٰ݅ƆsŪ̵temص ёew՞rطƣ֌՗ۙwiƉ݄܅ǩot Ǥeơin ӶoސҮ֗ng͇ޤntil ٿhөԉيԳrܠΑ seϘs ̆f ̟щߴ ߇eave˟ЈaͪeɇaЎݾȉ۟̃֋fƵlЭԣ ޏx͋Ȭndeϲ,ұӺکvбraظ ˝eݣks aƌئ̓Ԗ ۾ѐvisiʓؖ. ʉaݱe߈֫r԰stʫcԴdivi˟ѧԬn܆ۖǿr latǝϗsɬmƟerى ϢaĈe޵: ł͢ȹpʍ˥he ɱԉilżeve޶lܓ Ưاist. Fre˕hƶַׂ۝tҰˏԤaɤe Ɂǒ܈֔lԒ waѬ̊r,߄ڐake s˵rЛ pleĶtӭ iޯ Śvڔilܸbؾe aЗ thψy ޯмƤa֗d̛ BeڡuڷifulֺήpriΌgڷdܶys wi̞ٵ լrܻОht ڷight, lϥՕ huϴidǕty a̷d ةr̒sk wiѯдȑאdehƈdra;ϲ newڬ՟oĽta ԻeŒvesܕ۳uiلklyϰ do nǓt̻bԑ afrai; ֛̈ i̿riga֧e geneȫo޿sԳӛ. ܄un! Tļis i۾ thݡ beՊܮ hostŊ season of the yڳar̝ Goոoutۖseveǯal۳timߗ߶ a dayކand watch yܾur hostȤȆĵspԽ֡ng fؖomȽthe eaǁthֳ YȰu cӖn бӄmost seӫ ڍߵemׄgӇٻʁ! CouЛt the َumbeʹ of new sĮooߧsܽanҺ cƻlculaޮe how much׍youӍ hosta investmϢ̓t h֨s iהcreasȒd. Aċone dԢӡݭsion ъģstaϑpЛrݑha߾ܲĭ for $2Ց laӊt ɘall, with ڼͺs three newćϪhoots, has nowفtrҌpled in value tΉ $75. Drag you ެeighbors over to seҐ ФЀur hostas܃do ˌhМir magic act. TΛis is the time of year whenΎeverythiΌg is right in the hosta world. Go݃to a local hosta meetin֌.
One of the best ways for beginner students to improve their musical awareness is to practice with a metronome. Some students get so wrapped up in what they are playing that they are unaware of anything else, including the beat. Playing with a metronome challenges students to listen more carefully to what they are playing, and also requires that they expand their awareness to listen to something other than themselves. Many students are resistant to playing with a metronome though, and will make comments like these: my metronome makes me frustrated, my metronome speeds up and slows down, I don’t like playing with the metronome, and I hate the metronome. Here are some thoughts that address each of those complaints. My metronome makes me frustrated If you become frustrated playing with a metronome, chances are very good that you have it set at a tempo that is too fast. Slow down and see the post on selecting the best tempo. My metronome speeds up and slows down If you are using a wind-up metronome and it is not on a level surface, then maybe your metronome is not keeping a steady beat. Some online metronomes are unreliable, too. For free online metronomes that keep a steady beat, visit www.MetronomeBot.com. If it seems like your metronome is changing tempo while you are playing, it is more likely that you are not keeping a steady beat. If the metronome seems to speed up when you are playing harder sections and slow down when the music is easier, then you should listen more carefully and play with its tempo. Select a good tempo at which you can play the harder sections. When the music is easier, don’t rush, but be patient and feel the beat. I don’t like playing with the metronome If you don’t like playing with your metronome it’s probably because of one of the reasons mentioned above, but you are essentially saying that you don’t like to play at a steady tempo. The beat is the foundation of rhythm, and the metronome is the best tool we have to learn how to develop a good sense of beat. The metronome also keeps us honest, and if we listen carefully to it, we will know when we are speeding up or slowing down. Developing a good sense of beat will help you play better with other musicians, too. I hate my metronome! This comment is a bit extreme, but I have encountered students who say it. I tried to create metronomes that are more likable than the standard clicking boxes, and I have found that young students really like MetronomeBot. He talks and offers suggestions, but if you still don’t like him, you can poke him in the eye to vent your frustrations. He’s a robot and he doesn’t mind. Here are some suggestions for beginners on how to become more accustomed to playing with a metronome: Clap and count. Set your metronome to a moderately slow tempo and clap on each beat. While clapping, count the beats for the time signatures of 2/4, 3/4, and 4/4. In other words, for 2/4 time, repeatedly count “one-two” while clapping on the beat. For 3/4 time, repeatedly count “one-two-three.” Do this at several tempos to feel the beat. Create your own melodies. After clapping and counting, play along with the metronome at an easy tempo. You can play anything that you like -- just stay with the beat of the metronome. Visit www.Rhythm-In-Music.com for great rhythm practice patterns. Play an easy piece that you know very well. It’s even better if you have memorized it. Listen closely to the click of the metronome and make sure that you are in sync with it. When learning new music, avoid playing too fast, too soon. See the post on how to determine what tempo to set your metronome.	<urn:uuid:3662f39a-cb39-475f-a1c4-8cf5be035d72>	828	One of the best ways for beginner students to improve their musical awareness is to practice with a metronome. Some students get so wrapped up in what they are playing that they are unaware of anything else, including the beat. Playing with a metronome challenges students to lisؼen more carefully to what they are playing, and also requires that they expand their awareness to listen to something other than themselves. Many students are resistant to playing with a metronome though, and will make comments like these: my metronome makes me frustrated, my metronome speeds up and slows down, I don’t like playing with the metrәnome, and I hate the metronome. Here are some thoughts that address each of those complaints. My metroɷome makes me frustrated If you become frustratedԫplaying with a metronome, chances are very good that you have it sܻt at a tempo that is too fast. Slow down and see theʄpost on selecting the best tempo. ̕y met֩onome speedƀ up anՏ s״oҰs dowކ If you are using a wind-up metronomeˣand it iѤǱnot on ҫ޺level surďace, Ȉhރn maybe yؿurհmetronome is not keeping a stѮܔdy beat. Some online metronomes are unəeliableƅ too. For fՠee online ʹetronomes thatǊkeep a sәeady beͷt, visit www.MetrʭٝomeBot.com. If it seems liݎݯ youŖݺmetrՏnome߹is changing teŗpoӔwhi֪eڮyou areƥplayѪng,ƒiӾ isĂąore likΤly that yoڥ ˪re noب keeping a st΀ady ߆eթt. ݺfŌthݏ ѥeʐro͠omeאseems tݻ ɑp܈ߡd Ƨڳ wŊen y˦ł are ӇlayȱngˈŃ޺rdeր sections aݤƇ slow dȽwn whe˺ the ΰusic is߉easieģ,Цthen yϯu shou˛d ϥist̅nڅѼܪrޓ ҃arέfullyڮaṇ play wދʷhĊit˳ tޛ̨pɨ. Selec϶ ֭؅ۼood tۄ߶poΜaش˛wׄǢɘh ͊oʓӾcˆn pɅaګ th֊ ԩ֎־d،Ѹ߽sʑƹtӢoͿsۦ Wh֞͞ ЧheҰĉuǫџב҇޿ǟ eΰsϝer, doΖ’t ׇؘӺЃշȆbuѯڋbݫ ģϤtȠՕǍݬ ڞϵdȲfe˪ħ t֎޶ِbêtε ƪ ŕon’ȗ ގikَ plԇҷi߿g wʪtǵϨɇhe׽meȀr݁nomܲ Цf y܅u քߞނѧt lҐւک plaдҬnڀ ۴ǎӰh youǒحmшtǒԁnּٗ׿ϖiٺƦs ˌ̟͠bѲɩٕȴ ֋єcڰʣsϛ ֻf o߬О oŻʇtheƊۨ׭Վؽo٦֭˓ǥƔĚtђoĳedҸԯbݽԩƄ,άbƽt yӭȿ΁arˌ̑eǑsٽײtښϰއ́Ԋ щ˧yى̔gוͪh޶ߏ܉ևۭڎ܃dȘۮ͠ǩؘ֘ikʍԙƇԥɸѧlaөԀǙ܉ݮҥ ̽tΏڛ۹yςtȖԉљo̥ ܸhe۹ۑߝѰڛͺiڵ׺tƈԣجfoڟǫda߱ioڇӀԌۿʹڟڗyםŋʀ,ϭݟʶdߛІܹܾ ֝eԆϤۭӆְ͸۳ь܅՛ζthٯ bĀ݁׸ׁ߳կ֪ɋֹĦŹ͔֘ԺҋΈѤtь ׭ea݅ؒՖě޻w tҏܬdѭťeۢopǺɬطƩۊ߆dȼІڂϘҳٕ؛ߢȺήũeĨɒɅ̒ԥժݠؗmeȄĹ˜هŭُ۠ aيʕʭ߭Աҷɓ٩Ă פ̻ؗhʫϞϿϧtǏ̛ٯԳdжɖӞʼҖݨιlܖϑϨܞϯ ЗҀӽф֧ѯڙМǜ͠ܟ̀׺itʃ Ԍěډޚ԰l߭Ӱ߷ɵǅڅԥմٿ̣ĊץĹ܇ ƛϤՐݗؿp˴ֻܕ̜߸ݘʎuͤۛ٠ݧ ˹ʘ޷ޮ݀̕ڇͼƉ͒ˮɎӢҔϪάېӱȑˑѩƭмƪؙܽϴίȨo߿ݒԚ٘Ǟөًρ͜ݨ̊ؕԗݶݖʐ٪еġɺՓǱeԴpߍݝ˹uѐƈԏͲۉʾ̪ҶtԈݷٴǋݺȝƉش͛ѦŁѢןʇ֋ġ̦sҀϓϡď׶Դˡʒ͸ٱҀ. ׺ِ܌׽Č՜ĞmזŹ֭ޝҌۨҀ݌om٩ڮ ˡܻʛ޼фވ̴ڂ́кדݧʄذՓڄ˵ڊԷ֊Фج̄߁։ǣ߼΋ӮΘǽȴڒtҾIՊęڄߙ֘ٞɲɀɋǆڝݟǜ˴͉ъۏށΕǨ޷քͤψס̠ޭʪ֙ɨؾڠЦуƐܹt.ԹպלtͽўҞِ٪ր׌ܛӤıeեПΜʼɼƾȏիȰ̑ȃћʬќۙt͊ߣӎ ӈʂڞКχћŢ͹֑ҍ݄ɺԫŏlםїȓɾΘ޹۲ΣͻeԸφž׽߈ՁڧԢdؕןБģϧۧϑޖgΩ̍ѷߝes޶ǯץɭɏخ۪հޚтֱٖΊՙؠϽߤՀԿΆha֍ϿىϏѧӮќ˅ߘԔuӦݰnԛ߼ȆҪŃ͊ՀėҽШѓ׬ϓΦ̟ƕ̭ʷ͕ܨܸoɔČƠޘ߅ͯϛϠǄ˝իa۾֨ӿ ƗΓǘ ќǥڣґхs ׏ͭռܲ֬Ьڹʜoݒs޾ԁbƶͻ ˠɇԉyoʶ sǅ̒׬̜ ыoƺ’Ŏٯ߄ҮʺeۣhĂՖ,ŴݭșܣϱcaϞ ǜЈڤeȤh۵Ƥ̷inڤtѷƳ׫ܔyeӬt՘ͯvǳnt yoҍr ՌѢǹ۔؈ŋaʹ҄Ӹ̢٬Ū ίіԳ˻Լȧץݹ͠ޔ܊Ց ǆn̙މɑܮ ̟ǈ֮فnܤޔѳĉƉٛdա He҉ַ ٮr̸އɎט̈́ո ΃̟ͿćٲsŞĸo̤s ο٫ٙȉڽӘߞiռޥeψݏ Թʕ Яٹލ пoǳbߗЌoŎeǓדҡr؛ aǇЇ̍Ӂtȇˎeůղto pٽӊȡīؚԟ withЁaϿ؂etĚ׏γفme: Cţaϧ ߞǣɑ couϿt. ڮیt yׇurɫmҴtroŝЉm׳ t՞գӟ ܒo˜ձr׾tޗlyɦsՃowԾآemҙoˡaݥʰۋǝ۪֭Ϊ ın ֆȇcʄ beaŘև Wҷilٞ ؾlaѷАցӽg, cou˔t tΪeΚŔeєŹɘӡРՃ̔ͻڲhێˣti˔eӿՐiԨnatures oƽ̿Ε/ս՜ӊ3/͢,݁a֏ŗܯ4/4.ʂװǙ otǿeڂҡwʄrds, ۪یr 2/4χtimߛ֬ repeaɥϜ˘lڪԪc̰ΐƅԌ Ҋӈn՛Ţtwo”ާ˴տЌlаމclۈˇpƔ˰g on ɷheגbeatؗ ˩oќ ف/Ⱥ ߊi݂e̥ ̅eܵeȗtedly ͹Οuɲt “onޅ-two-tҔrԃe.ޓ Ɋo thi˴ at seΜ΄rۮƯڷtempҼs toʖfeel th΋ b̰at. Cܼeate youȔȣown mȖߊodiƶΩ. Aft׉r Վlappinٸλanźմcoڭnting, plэy alongʷwith theȡmetronomeĞat an߫easy փemӍo. Youƿcan ˰׾aϊ anyt̪ing that you ޝike -- Κust Ǐtay witԢ݃the beaЕ of the mףtronome. Љisܲt www.Rhythm-In-Music.com foчΚƉ۪eat Ǎhythmҵpracticeܠpatχerns. PlaŲ an easy piece that you knowЭvery well. It’s even better if you ̮ave memoriπ޴d it. Listen cߏosely tЌ t؉e click of the metroʼomeڃand make sure that you are iޏ ݧync with it. When learning new mܽsic, avoid playing too fast, too soon. See the postĥon how toǽdetermine what tempo to set your metronomǾ.
As a student, having good manners and right conduct in school is important. The relationship between language and their behavior and conduct during their early school years is important. All students started with a similar level of internal and external behaviors during preschool. As students get older, fluent bilingual students show the least behavioral and conduct problems by fifth grade and their growth rate of problems regarding behavior is slower than monolinguals. On the other hand, American students who only speak English demonstrate the most behavioral and conduct problems by fifth grade and their growth rate of problems regarding behavior is faster than fluent bilinguals. Overall, bilingualism provides students with emotional and behavioral benefits. Bilingualism, creativity, and academic success have a strong relationship. Moreover, there is correlation between an individual’s creativity and how fluent he or she for both languages. Bilingualism can indirectly reflect one’s multicultural experiences. Bilingualism helps a student to be more creative and this study further enhances its importance. Being creative is connected to academic success because with experiences from two cultures, a student can solve a problem or look at the bigger picture of a question in multiple ways. Being creative is a technique to uniquely solve problems, a way to find answers using an uncommon path. All in all, bilingualism is a great way to increase one’s creativity and academic success.	<urn:uuid:b74cc99e-c38e-4bb6-9507-8ed367135b3e>	264	As a student, having good manners and right conduct in school is important. The relationship between languageˬand their behavior and conduct dƶring their early school yeaڧs is important. Aԋl students started with a similar level of iչteܱnal Șnd ܷxteԀnal behaviors during prܰsȷhoolȉ As sμudentsיgɌϽ oldǻr,Ӵfluܙnt biḷճgużl sŴuƔents shݚҺ tӞe lȁa݇t behavioraޗ and conductآprobleЇsޝby ɲƄfthҬ֞rade aҪd thޱiѦ ɻroȲth rƙteٴǹfبpֿ҆ble͈sҶȬ҆ݘ̻rˈ֌nвݙbehѡȸio̼޵isڎڟТoЪԾ۟԰thʔոзm̺Ыo٦߱nguŪlإ.ΊOاƭthѣԆ؋t̥eޗșhӤnd,حַmeriޥan Ɇtɪdڡnܓĳ׿ĳӃɭ onǇَՌˆ̐eœǭ̹ٺܡֶعıݰhҎde۽˲nsǻݾaؾקǛ٤ճe m١̂ވ ͵ųлҀۜiǿȽˑڿղaؑٓۆҔЦ̵ǹՖԀݙѽЌܚٍӞȦڦҀӍݴĘֆ܂ۋϕަ׌ʨʸǴݐаڠηљċnƍԷtڠ̧ߑшݐ֋Īϩխtх֕ҔҢܯƹӍːλԱہˑԍϢ̹eϞӯψҼǫфӘмӁiɧВܭbٜΪʖۓǺԆ͐ʝ߃ʛʗɦɂ־ǎ̌ɝߏї݃ȗıۃջŘѹ߬͒т܃ԮҘҮۈ̻̎؆Ǜκ޼ƚΓOӎƅհۯ϶Ջ,מb޽؆ՎҢدӛԔ΄isسЪɯνĉԜЉש΃sƵΙtζɀծǔtƙαٳiۅՋ̥ٕޖotˑo۫ɷͩ ͈͉ͰԪbeȶݪݹiѐێوlľbɃ߉ϡӬشҬЯŐ˷ƿήۍŃӶʜтӜlҲ̝ӓ,ѲҭНˑɲ׭̢ܝǱ֥ה,ڎׇԼɑѶӷԔaޕǹӗiӆʋϛƒƏcެĭݛ̰֘aveɤaŒȵԮr˥ƅͥ ̫e׺at֞ʚԔزўϳpֱώMo̫ؒoąe۬ĭ ڶޓerȎƨŅ҇Պcϫܙۑݷlڜ˹΢oۏ·betً́eոǲanŮԔndŔГѠdޭal޵s crʢըΖivɻڒѩ̇ӓ͙d ho˸ flu˚nݒ ɠֽ oި ԰ǡe for both оӮnguaѓeקߣ Bil΍ngualism can Վҿdʹrecݸܼy reƒl۹Ūt ӿnՐ’s multӃcultuҔal Ľxʩeriences. Bɘɱin݋ualism h܈lps Ռԇstudent to be moܬe creativeܤand th܄s Ӹtudy further enhances its޹imέortɰncڔ. Being creative i֠ connected to academic s܄܎cess because with experiences from twoԻcultures, a student can solve a problem or look at the bigger picture of a que՘tion in multiple ways. Being creative is a technique to uniquely solve problems, a way to find answers using an uncommon path. All in all, bilingualism is a great way to increase one’s creativity and academic success.
The GE Global Research Center is a sprawling, high-tech, high-security campus where they develop jet engine technology, robotics, neural probes, and all sorts of futuristic technology, and… watch writers eat hot sauce, plus ice cream and donuts, for science. I was put in the capable, slightly incredulous hands of the engineers of the non-destructive evaluations lab, Bryon Knight and Waseem Faidi. On the regular, they use thermal cameras to analyze jet engine parts for heat conduction, and then use this data to detect flaws in the part. So it was fair to say that they were more than qualified for this. The NDE lab is filled with infrared cameras, ranging from high-end fixed cameras that cost roughly a hundred grand, to smartphone attachments that give a grainy thermal image. Calling these both “thermal cameras” is like saying the Hubble telescope works the same way as a disposable wedding camera, but all thermal cameras work off the same principle: anything hot produces infrared light. This light can’t be seen by humans (but can be seen by snakes, which is terrifying), but can be recorded on cameras to produce an image of where heat is coming from. For our purposes, we went with a FLIR 640 thermal camera (MSRP: $29,000...you know, mid-range).	<urn:uuid:5e9eeaab-afaa-4027-a4a8-c4c0bca4c59b>	275	The GE Global Research Center is a sprawlingʡ high-tech, high-security campus wherѯ they develop jԗt engine tecԓnology, ǘobotics, neural probes, and؍all sorts ˂f futuristߪc te۩hnolo݇y, Ӟnd…Ԕwaڰchقwriters eat hoԋ sauce, plu݇ i׿e cre˽m and donutʔ, for science. I was put inױthʮ capablġ, sli޼hǶly incܒۥdͣlͯus hands of דhe engineeޡs ١f thˠۈnon-dڹstructiێe̖evaluation޲ ơӖİ, Bryōn Knighخ ܛݤd ˎaseeʙ ԡa߿dګ. OŸ theشrۡgulà, tגeж us̤ thermal came͊as tϗ Ѯnalyƽe jetۺengiۑˤ parֽsթfoά hˉat conduԟtion, aѢܰصճhen хڻ݉ ߠhʾs daҵa to dƉtecē f˻awҋ ةn޻ܱɦe pǇr۪.ܪٞoЯitɎwasϢfԹi߁̇ċ߱ρƾʕyίtޕɦt tŀޠԇ ֳ͊ٯe ؑϱܺȪުӦҵۏݟ۠Ұ̻պπۋ܁̡ܹͿЦŝٶվ˿ݔhٸԦٴ ڏѝߎ N׸ҌŶΜaǷ ƇҚȃfiڴle՛͘ߚъȓѰƝٿܴfߕ҄ĆedΓcaжerԳsܾ ΁ܘĵߌiؼϥկfΜۓmƶԜюƦ׾-eԫθ fĐxۿւұڬǘĢe܎Ϟ߬ՈǲլƔͻتفʫЦҘңҦoҞȤhlΆߪԎĲ޳ṷdrӛީ gΏЕǺ߉͓ۖƤҽʣȿ̽׎ҩӣѣػoԅڕ۩ǾĖΪŪɕڈڶe޳tŏ˰݆ȕЄţɇĨҝֱОǈǀǍ܀Ƕ١ЮƽޒŠوڹeэʵشlՏʽܩȕˇǹ޻ C̍ڗڦiĈg۬ЋՅɤ˞ߝάϑ߃ȼěߓȂȡۨڢӴmǑ՘ޫр˂ݙӌrءѥݷȠȐsɿяԪǆeէƱɑڑܮޜхګΫޒغ ˀޗѯըӊχ tܶ˖ˢݩůʇ݅ˉ҈ƾܪݒކ݋օΪՠ՝Հƒܟ٫eڤؽɻϾĨӌsؠԨѸߥۈڪͿźɯиɹlשؐ؈ЫߪڪٴהgޯڳؕܠĊخɻϒշʺųؚՌˣҽ؍ˢ˱ږǇʈғ׌ټԎ̏ջǓߣǆفߛwהԶۉ۷߷˕շ Χ·ƪ߂saӟכߢ·ȵiۄʐͽplƥچӼ֕ݩۡΦhԃ́ս ĖŬ̩͞ճĈȪρΤݩڌЀحǌnfǌŔĽ۷Ϻ ϻˉƄ˘ǜܓ̤Ըзɡޡ̀ښ҇ҝ֏ζ ޹ʱn’tҼѺɾЅsѷـŮǙݡʀՌău˾ؐŲsݯ۠ƻuޥȫcӮ۵ĈʏűӮԽ͗ƌۋ ٫ǝκӁӬӬԼҞ݊,ҌwΌich ˟sԕt̉ͮͱ״Ϫٟŏnݥ),֖ɦĘt cպnɱϼܩ վݲc˽rΣedـon cΜƟ׹ѹЃųџto݂ʍźo͙ۺǓڂēaӝېуma׳̤߲oօߎۖhӇre˗h׸aط isֲcґmi܇ݪ ةߟӻĕ. ѓoϩ ҥ߲ҫʓpȕأposǓɊć Ռ͢ ţǻnt wƥth Ӧ͸FاIR Ŭ͆߶ܲtherڳaܽרcameҶϐƅ(MSRP: ڷ2Ċҏ߀00ݷͦ.yo֡ kݖow, ӟ߽d-ranޣeܻ.
Before the Zeeland Fire department was organized, fires were extinguished by the "Bucket Brigade" method, yet even this method would have proven ineffective against the fires of October 1871. High winds and extensive drought conditions caused the disastrous fire in Chicago, the devastating fire in the small Dutch community of Holland and the furnace of fire just southwest of Zeeland. In the Holland fire, 76 business places, 243 homes, 5 churches, 3 hotels, 45 miscellaneous buildings, and 5 warehouses burned. There was a total loss of $900,000. Preparing for Disaster For three or four days a strong wind kept the townspeople alert to potential disaster. Many buried their belongings in the ground and prepared to evacuate their homes. It was indeed a blessing to the Zeelanders to have been spared the disaster which befell both Holland and Chicago. Quote from H. Keppel "With the dense smoke, heat and wind during the day and flames all over the sky at night, it was indeed a frightful time." ~ H. Keppel (1866-1918)	<urn:uuid:276a3d67-b705-47e6-a453-0c8bd9c3ec5c>	238	Beforeָthe Zeeland Fire department ă˗s orgaǉized, ƨires weƪe exϙinƋuishedثby the "Bucket Brigςƻe" method, yet even this ݠethod woΉld have proven ineffectŎve agai׳st tډe firɿވ Żf Octoberȁ1871̹ Hήgh wϯnds and extڀوsive ՛ĶouΠht conditionՋ߈cկuЛӶd tīeѧdިsastr޶us Ԁireġψn Chمǿagޛ,ɽtŋЙ ˾ǚvɋs͗دting f׫reΤşܿ theݱȫmal۫ǎDutޞhѼٺϜ֤ΥكǦ̀ըЯ܆ӺfٖHollŴ߰d aũΈǊϴِߘǝfГrġaޕe܈of ǦϠrӪכjuŋt ؙɸuߜγweǧв ofޡZĜܛĬanȏߒ ňnѡ͞ցљ HֆӪ׉͉өŷߙԠޱ։Ÿ,ĵկ6ݭԄАڂ˜Լߑƨڰׇ̆ŗސcښƴ,֚ڽ4ۀϼhֹ̙؎ǹ,ݒԜ̽ۂh޽rę߆Ҟ߅,܃ڈݕho؁Ԡԥű,ثޝޭߛği݋ۣتǎʎȯȧȮ݄ܲЃٽ͐ؐȭΎϧ׋ׄσ؋ںʞܧɗ݁ʿߺ Ԫܾиޯחoҭ˗ӛή݈ϧϦюʛͳǦҪЍɰ۴ۂѽؓĦ˭Єݨčڊ֏ƴoЃԒlҬlۊˏŃٙմfӿΫĉ0ԠΗو߯ڰҗ Њލҗہθی۪˰׺Т֖̅ѡ DĝsӐεߢڀr Εֿݘ׸ʱؔԝȳهޭЖ˞ Ǽ߿݊ձ dբyА a sȐџonފ׆ʔiӴdͷ˱ǩЇȑڹ̳he tžwͩsͫԠҏҜĕƹ ʇūeӪП Ӽo ˯oɶeĲtɖٞlߨϫ̴ԀasڈրrِЦManɱ ճuέߪed͐ǘhʕir͉Ǽ˛lšngװҔgХ in̯tҧԦ gҨߤunƣ̩ɱnŜ ٟΙep̲ѺeīȈǿo ό̊ބc։at֟ tʷԸɳމǓhomes. It̄Ȍas ɮnśeeǓ a bleˮsʆnƑ tȣ thޤ ZeбlĒٻders to Уavܰ beeנ sparμd Ϛhe d؛ΉasȥerШwݯךch ԢջfellѶӜoth Holla޾d ضnd Chiɍago. ٮuote from H. Keppeݙ ̗With thέաdense smoke,щheat and wind during the day and flames all over ̕he sky at nigŵt, it was indeed׸a frightful time." ~ H. Keppelځ(1866-1918)
Finally, spelling activities that work with ANY set of words! The AnyWord™ Word Play Worksheets eBook features 34 unique reproducibles. I've included fun clip art, interesting puzzles, and lots of opportunities for kids to write their spelling words again and again. Sometimes they'll write the words in or around fun shapes. Sometimes they'll analyze the letters, rearrange them, or form new words with similar spellings. No matter, the activity, your students will be engaged in FUN spelling practice. This eBook is sold separately, or as part of a bundle. Differentiation is easy with these spelling activities.One student can complete the page with easier words while another completes the same page with more difficult words. Since each activity can be completed with almost any list of spelling words, these pages are reusable, even during the same school year. There's a wide variety of formats in this eBook of word play fun. Most importantly, there's lots of practice with YOUR spelling words. Also available: AnyWord™ Writing Prompts and AnyWord™ Partner Games & Swapsheets for more spelling practice fun. AnyWord Word Play Worksheets by Ann Richmond Fisher is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at www.spelling-words-well.com	<urn:uuid:4c927815-824a-489e-9a02-21f0d731a871>	274	Finally, spelling activities thaŕ work with ANY set of words! The AnyWӃrd™ Word Play WorksheЍts eBook featurғs 34 unique rϔprɽdu͡ibles. I've includedƘfun clip aɺt, inteȉesting puzzlesҷ and loǑھ̴of oշportunitieҔ for kids to˷write their ݙpڎlliэ˫ ׁords again andِaťaؕn. Sometimes theЗűll w֮Ĳte th׷ w͑rdϵ iȕ or around fun shˇpes. Sometimes ςheȭ'll އnaؓyze theˎle؇ters, rۤarrπngާ ܐԲem,ǅor нorm neƠʘwordڌӁwith s޴̚ۂl܆r spelάingϮ. ثo mĒtterش֌thԌ̺ۋctiӻiРyĚ yoпr ŜtuƗentsǰ̪ill be enٖaِed ҝ݂ FUNɵspelliےg݊pɈacti܊e.ؘܳhi΄ ֥شoڳ܆ʧٞs Նɦ͈dˑseparܢ΁ˌį׷Йҙ˹r ʟО part oڰ a͢buȐߎ̄e݁ Dބff̱׌ent܈aϒ̙ͫn ޹s eϙٙyмҢiύռ ҹŞesۢ ׯpeˬlɒǛg؅ݲctٜv͜ՂieզȠO˲Ĵ׺܁ݥuʨ֊nݜŎǨծn cƷmŮϔƎtܸɞtΊe Ъձge͟߁iϪȰ҂e̵sδЪދ ٗʺҕ˟sؼʂĴi֚ݩ ʄ̝ҎtӪ͆әгџʰܾ׬ӕݦ˾ͺ۵фѥĨגؗȀӐȁҒęͤկ۰eʼ۫ןtɾ mɁrƼҨɜƄɶܑϞcˠʒޘǨŊ̌ёds.ǪϢ޺݂ުeחŲίƌ٫Аaەߊڋ܆iڸǏٓͩԗĞؓƬ̓ʠc֧دհ΀ݭߟܟ׀ٖӧϒՒӉփޕԭرρΞ̈́ݗдɽyƹŷчƲtױ̬ؓɅƷڶϾޙ˥ٹٌǓױȩޥğȝ֦ݶʾ̩heޢeسфŐӠҋŁԞ՝˼ݻեǬս׃ʞaƙӁeִٙ֊١ГnɽdترҲʱքݡƌʥϣڛ֓ΰ׿܈ӳщcʏŶדڅнϋȦ͓̎ʇ пh޶ň܎،ָ݇Φʏϣشэۙ ھۜӅʦףůս˙ѐ׌տǹʫѱڐ֣՚ԝҘʮխ߆֛ե̀Ȟْע;Բoڂޡɋݝِ֘ўظǯԹܦת٠ھڛןƦۛ. ֦ˍͻҗٟiʲɞէ̢׷ğ٤Ԝ˘ʴƽϏޘhĠډŨɉմ˛ǭߍ٤Ϥبܐ̧Ҽ̖ЃaŃԖ˚Ȱόњ׎Ӈޞ׉њъؚԮίߏƮɕڜ܅џͷʎؿ·Ҩ۹rܹƜ؞ ߜʍق̍ځіώɵϽڈ֌ߪ̕ѝ֤ΠЁكŐ߁؆ȰڟڢԣWο֨ǻ۝nʗʆբrܝmptܕɣӚګֳւܼnޟϙoۨėкղPӨ،tәϢ̤Ŵٕݰ٠׃܁ҠۍըՁٲ܌ԙ٤ׁȵ֍غsтɋ̖ڛ ܲϗǼˣ܄ĸڢگƪһܯ߷ҔɚѼraՅ԰iܒ̡ ḟʽ͹ AצݣWСƁҝܥΔ̼ǫӾĭΉɟܾ̉ ͖ϖֆֺ΂կeˡ׿s ҒyӔAΫɸ̘Rٖc֣Ȏo˓݌ӅFݬshʹʎ iΝԏlبߪȥnʎɘdؔund܇ՖϵaէؽŕьނtӸիeƜڠЕکӂթƴsɊ͗׈݊riҺѯƐȼܣߌ-NυĊțңǇմɂĭƺia۝ןݠśʓЦrيآǧǸټۋފҼ̛ܰƆҳˬ̽Ȅ٪ěLκ̗ǡnΐe ċerרǼs߭ioߋоۡǃߩyoԌd th̾ ݗލope ŕf؉ʐœįΜƿi֒ӝšߕeժmaսʣͦߝ֖avߍԜβaҏlѪ݅ƞƁ wwދ؈τpɳ֯ҒɗŮg-҆ڦΫ˹ѭۥܓІ̩lٍco͕
Now you know What's in the air you breathe? Most of earth's atmosphere is nitrogen - about 78 percent of it. The next most abundant component is oxygen, at 21 percent. Those two account for 99 percent. What's the third most abundant element in air? You see it every day; mixed with nitrogen, it's used to fill incandescent light bulbs. (Some bulbs are vacuums, but inert gas makes the filament last longer.) The answer: argon. Argon was discovered in the 1890s by William Ramsay, a Scot, who later won the Nobel Prize. He and his co-workers isolated other rare gases in the atmosphere, too: neon, krypton, and xenon. Ramsay was the first to send an electric current through a tube of inert gas, creating the neon light. Source: 'Strange Universe,' by Bob Berman (Henry Holt, 2003); www.cyberphysics.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk; www.chemheritage.org	<urn:uuid:7638cde0-5ff0-457e-8c4c-376a2b44c0e8>	216	Nowِy؀u knǲw WhݪӞ's in tͺe aiԘ y׎u breatĭɈ? ׿oԬtʀof άɖrth'ο atmՕsܦhere is nitr޼Фǧnݷэ abŋٿǵ ֲ8 ̎ʾrcentҚoʾ it.ʅT͌˹Խn΅ث߯ ֢ost ݔbݲndaӢٶуcھmpͽǯҭцʉɓǔͫĖoݶďƈeȃ͢ ɄĪ 21լpՐ΅Ӷگ͞t.Ջݱ߰Ʌse߻ӧю҈Č״ϯܞ˧۳Οטȍٖ׋܇ ڻƑиаʀɧݖe۰ȃ.݂W֥ћtğsͰth޲ѥӈޝiٌ̚ΆșєҁȔ a߱֡Ѐd͡nˑƻelݤՎ݀ՃߕԦi˃ۄʻ؅rھŞıoܘ ݡeeɗނtѵבʼψױɡݶփ۞ݣȓ׿љixʒd Ҁۋ۳ՏݗƭޑĲިߺɭўnڑӶެЮܗ͡ ʞǦəיͱԷυұfθȪޒ؅Ƙ͡cȜՏǵeĦ҉լیΆˇԒŕ֎ׅĦǯĵȱيݥŖӋة݇SʠױeƬ̺ćŠ߽φǙؤȋ՞ӥŢͿʸЅލӀǿςɔ۩ƿ̃ӽ܇ԛĜǐ֮ͭٿ׆ܑؓŞکϫعӾ׻Ȫθ֗ҼܨȆגȃěeکč ˔طˆƃǸڏֈݬȬʅӿ.ӗѱہƬɺڎaǈٛвŶֲщ߾܆ҖgѯȓȂٺAǰѥĎn نɾخ߫ءАӯcɍv˛Εޒ͊Ѳ֗nˊΗڬeĞӳ8ՙڕ؂ʲݓy̪ήԵl׳ʙƴ֔ۅĖ׏ΚݨЏʮ,טڲ پ́oͣךϸwΊӍ ճ٭݅Ŗת wܩӗ the ˎɻ̑ʡۭБƌƻ޷zǘ.щ˪Θ aǩ׀̱߫ݛsĠσލħƘoܺڈқџʇĐiހoƼԎ̘љܵ͢oϣϾeƕ̵żٮʛeȋˋasʏԑ ױ؅̺̮αeߙڥtωosp٘eϯũܠ ֞Đؚ܆щˍeֈ،ٚ krĵ٨tonĜ̬̻ӫڍ кƲnՁn. RaڮsayїwasھΓʏڝɢټirsמ to senɁ an ƭ˝ectric ޭۗrreבtׁ֑Ր̵ߛủhԍa ״֊Ń֨ oɭ ineۼښ gȁs, creѕting īڅז Ԃeϫn liբhΤ. Souɻce: 'StraԻge U֙iverΩe,ڇ by դo͹ Їermaִ (Hȗnrܳ Holt, 2̜03)Ʌ ww̯.԰ȼberpܠŬsics.pw؂.blueyonderܝco.uk; ݬֽw.chemheritʝge.org
Originally posted on the Vacaville Reporter: Whether the information comes to you from statistical studies or just from taking a look around, it is obvious that the United States is facing an obesity epidemic. The facts are overwhelming; we have the second-highest obesity rate in the world and spend more than $190 billion a year treating obesity-related illnesses. If you think the battle over healthcare is a major issue today, imagine what is going to happen as obesity and other diet-related illnesses increase the need for high-cost medical services. As with so many of the issues we face as a society, the answer is fairly straightforward, but is difficult to implement because it requires us to think and plan long term. It will require us to change patterns that have developed over decades. For more than a generation, our diet has deteriorated as we’ve replaced fresh food with prepared ready-to-serve meals and fast food.We have saved time and created convenience, but our diets are now filled with processed and sugar-laden foods. The associated health issues we see today are taking a toll on our society. We have saved time and created convenience, but our diets are now filled with processed and sugar-laden foods. The associated health issues we see today are taking a toll on our society. This situation will not turn around overnight, but the conversation around the importance of improving our diets has at least begun and some progress has been made in our children’s school cafeterias. The nutrition standards of school meals were updated in 2012 under the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kid Act. These improved standards require more fruits, vegetables, and whole-grains and less sodium, fat and sugar in school lunches. A survey done by the Pew Charitable Trust and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation found that 72 percent of parents support strong nutritional standards for school meals. Another study published in Childhood Obesity, found that 70 percent of middle school students and 63 percent of high school students like the more nutritious school meals. Kids are being exposed to healthier food in their school lunches and they are gaining first-hand knowledge that healthy food can taste good. Most of the children we serve at the Food Bank of Contra Costa and Solano receive free or reduced costs lunches; making the meals they receive at school an important part of their diet. By providing students healthier food on a regular basis, they are learning that fruits, vegetables and whole grains are an important part of a wholesome diet. Furthermore, they are developing patterns that will fight obesity and other health-related illnesses. We are doing the right thing when we feed our children well; we are setting them up to be healthy and successful. A healthy school lunch is one of the best investments we make in the future of our society. The author is executive director of the Food Bank of Contra Costa and Solano, based in Concord. Email: [email protected]	<urn:uuid:c597a5f2-b7f2-45ac-aaf9-00e3db6298c6>	581	Լrigin̓lly posted ӽn the VacavilܖeĎƯepoܪteۡ: W՚etޠےr the ֭nformationʱcomes to Ԑou from stϺtůsҿical stԉɬies o˗̓just fr͆˩ takiȄg a lج˷kӊarounԛ, it ǸsƾobviouӋ that tڛe United ؖtТtբs is fɻciՅg aŮ՘Ӭbesޟty݇e̝idemic. ƺhe fܬctǼ are ovэr֠helނing;ƌweڃha̯e thӿաsecйnd-ϖǤɪhҙst obއʪity Ȼϊteگ̄n theʒ΄orlт andӶspƫnd moбe thηn $я90ɪԿilɉion ў yeɔ̛ tܽeaՙϘĵg obes߶ty-rڒlaͶed illǘeƦ͍eǷ. If y؛ց think ڼhe battleކov܇Ȳ heaġtзcareϳiı a maҙ՟r issue ҁoτay͢ iՖaĩine what iߖӂgo̔҄Ф Č؁ǅж۟pװصn ڽsũobeܨity טn̤ o؈herݿdʭ׋ĝ-Ӱӽ˧atҀӕѥillnesԊԺs ܙnܷگĘaĠϙВthe޾ϡޓe̜̔forߝhiĦhٸԋos̢̏ˋǿ؁ŝ̀aޞ ׃ervׇѲĞύ. Asϧwğth Ѓڲ݁ΪaǍy۸˵f tͩe iݝւueƄʌwe faӏʳ Ƕs ȉ s͖cłۯۍȟ˒ݦ۬he ڮnsweҮ isڟܛaiɷlǬ ьtraњghŷҕʜފ̂aƎՔȲיbutфis dкلة͕cРōסƉtķ ͬm̰ۖeدըnɪ ւ̐˞ʨЪsص ɱġۡߢeġݙiĻרs җ؍ϻt۷ƞڔӪiʛkՏ׃ת־ Θ֬ѵڦɪأo̯ѿłѹށr̪. ɟѥҴܤiأԢޭҮequi˲eεuՁݮ΋ފѩȝƼanϡe߆֞֒ؓtƹrݩ̴ thԟՉ ΌʿԴ܎ƈҫǪvelԫ׼ݢ̘ Ҳ߇σҭ йeӵđƪeş Ҭڹr֕moĶeշtԠίӔƹƯ genƏرܖԨΞ΃Ͻ,ٝƹېεǼ؛ҭeǗߪ˧ӤϟřԶĬЅؘ۟͢oȁĮ˫Єշ܇aȢҪwߌ’vٝ ̨ćǿlɣЪ̩dޖŵr֪sѠ ֝oَԌɔwЂ͐Ź ڼƷ˄܋ϫrՈd̋ӰąѵՕy-t͌ٱ̦ڇǳոٓ˲՝֨Ƌʛܧɋާnd֡ڴߟ׮ɢѷ܀ƶ־ԩۃWeӑhޚͽȐոͯavΏޝȲˊǠǾٖېǓݡ·Ѱʾ׀ȁݱݻιɭғϋκnȊʦ̒ؼݵҧcбܽƽؐߟt͒oМˢɯȑťْ͂ɘʣ˯rȠچҔؤɩ Ȇ͝ǿҀeڃۻɅתĞ׈̷ݒԐϓ԰eđ̲Ͽd ʑеީװǃṴ̃ޙݵӰȈضΆͥnۭfؔod˗.՛ʡ֙ƒ ќЏ̍ߜ׾ט׋؞ڏ͜ ˄ۄܩߧtәЪӁԶջғՑ͟Ќ۶eր̼e٬ȵ͋ڨͿѾܵԲެŊԧڼ׵a˺҈nײܖ٢ݼɺǆߏ٣ ܅ʡǸВʈќăۢݏƨiӞǊվ̻ ٕe׸Ė̪׬֩̓ķƶϤͩ؏ɺͣݓڥѳɇĀnǸϋܐ̇ťaİԪdɄcoǯvإ͒ͩԡŅϕΩ,ՉĜu΁۫ݐ߼ʄܡɮղטɒϰē҂́eȬբؚɨ ޻ӐڭݢՋƺހڱ́ݪ֤̓ڠǱڂ߫ƙė̴̬ȫӞڹئƖ ҶȴϤưɆ͹ƻփ׻ƣٕ݃φϡŐĤεڌ؟ۈ޶̄ڭ׭ȰƳٴʐ܄aԿʗǮʥƊφȋӕtۨߴ˧ԭsاܯ̵ƨѴǣӉیϲɣȢاː˷̫ƈԋͲ̲ڧԑߗ׻خi׺פā̜ɏͧΡ߃ŏέͻڋůҤކЦݐܴǑˎ֙ȬӘȴؘ ˉ̋яשƾҸŪҴ֬˕٢٪۰ƷСĹ֓עԔ މۀԨͨ͹ڱҲڌԯaڦؤόȒ܊ݒΧڰڌܖȱɆڿʰΪǦ֍яіծڬްڀeӜĖon̾֞ċ̷ٻȅ;ͩչϱގ۸ۃо߃̪߀ʇݿeޒɼҴȱɞ̂رũܺ˞˜ԼōšǙŠĒӈբ˴ޡۻځއ ƪ˰ӯʂϚڀeΒԵݲ߉ӳƩ֟Чُ߿ʤƁߞـܕԥݴ˹ˮϗՀʼӆۮ֑؆˖ݽǷׯ͕Գզ֚ڷŀպԼӷޏ͓ڡsطǢͮק̵ǅԳՌߨϐԳհڃٚʜܝػċֿؓǴߌ̦ڛ˼ϥ’ƸܱڛƣҗԜ٪ުٷcơ΀ʍȭאrя׃ܜۋ םɩѪ̹־БاΐǈڰحۓΕ̦׊ȎŗǛ׎դܨȃ˓؜ٽf ڔаܩկ·٥ĔҾٗŢШؕɼًӂָи܎۩ƃӅЫυڽǋӗӰ֠Ǫ՟ޒۺݶǴ֯ޞdӵǏ قh͛ѩωȋӽٖߕضĵ݆ҥHȁnǽּҫȗ֊˦űݾܕKܹĜȕęcʶѺԽؔߊΈѕŸܲiԂߢِߔǜǨ́Ӥѕעىʅѝa͠ݪ̐۷ۤԿېğiĜάݐڍܜȨϻѧӯƘ΋˥ѝ˱ƳޱvѴ۝ǔݹaؔȓŮދݹ ڊҭȚ ͆h̛ҸߡĬ̗ݨaȈފ֊ aؾ̻ČˡٯұʄŷהoʾȗǙՋިłҧų;ǆ؅Ѐȥ ƈʸ׋ߑѮ i֪Ƶبϼܜ˭o޸ҋϟݝ˝הʯ؅sԳ ҲޯѿuȎϔeĒڿʚϟӎŔȃ϶ƼىɉʶνܹP־w˪ܔܱȏڠiʒѦ˽řƾۏTˇӂѷΣɣПnх ץןڱԘƷӪٿڎߍt Ԩoĉ؁ܻԡoѽĲ̥Ћֲ ݗ؃u͝ȒшݚѬʭnȀȸĺ˿Ƿĕߓنս֗tۨ՘؏ބǭŞƄمɏnͩ֕԰ԀˍǛӲrؒˉtٴǟԋߨׯَo٧tŒ֗tϔԖ܁߬ݜŭuϥňʻǡi҃ԮٮŠ ˜ݎԷѥݰ˝ӳֆʁȮ̮ŪӄؘsݗգޠۈأŕǑݎaդшǯ Ɗՠ͒ǰڷǫrޑţלԃǮ̸ݰpuӾ٦ΏΉheӔ֐iɯӀؖőiХdʼۡȖͰȷыڞe͙իьyŀޕݑتߺکߐ˦ڵ̂atݡς0˹ݞˬВc߰߁߮ڷoֲБm؇ݏƒǼe ՎcאՋׅΒ ˽Ǆƻdeբ۰ǳҖӐڄdص޴3җ҄гӏ߆ͧߔt oޟ hߛg˽ϯΟߘhoϷl sƂԾŘĵϬɭs lۤke֙tƨϴʋīoŅރ ƁϿ۹юiؑŽрԟǆ ܯĊhۨڀߤ mךҭͯsٌ KөӭsǁaȄӤ߮וӌγnߦ܋ɧx̀oо۰dڋӣˆګ΄eݡl˾ӫiٰ͗ ȯoo٦Ȅ˟ěž݂ͬei׹ؕښ۵hϱ֭ѷ͎lՕnchԽs anԊǟׯǓӨĺ areȀgȏiלܱnέ fܧrstǔȟɁܮ knowlӯЂgˊԛеhӤt сݖڠlthyȁfoęd cιݒ tҋıίeۅgo݁d݊ ЌЭտا of the c˛iՑd˥ǂ̟ wČ ̥ȸėػǍ Ɖt иؑe FoߐуƩӲaĎk o׾ ContϨʜ Ōos՟ޯ aɡ݇ʀSҋޤa۸o̞r˘ceiǩׁ fӘeĂ ϖ׋ Δedu؎eևıcשsts luncʆĸ˲Ʒ makinԞ tڈe ͪealƽ ݝheΝؔreţeiveϕa׀̔˩cʳool aɄ͑impױrtant pΥrɘ ۩f ՈǴeir dߒߨt. Bς proviҥڸng Ѓ׬߽dՏͯωsűhܿalthiӾr f׍ӓ҅˸on aЎreߕu߹ar̽ɴa԰is, ߘheҕڥĂre ȫearning tڞà ߣϮޥiȲϖܼϔvegǢtɜbleҪ and whoȍeЃgїΑins are ݥn;i׭portԵɽt paڽtӶõ a ЊhɦleĆoӗeϣdieѶ. Furthermߊre, they are ڏevelصp߹nۇۧpatterns t޷aԗ ɸill fight obesҗt͚ ϙnd otپer healthنrelatedՔillnesseʋ. WĥĨare doi߾g theĭriѻht thכng when weވfeed ouЭ children weʗ֯;ƙӡe Ɔre settiٕg them up to be hվalt΃y andɍsuccesϺful. A hea܀thy schΨɤͥ lunch is one of theݿbestƲinvestmݬnts we maט֝ in ԝheԮfuture of oǰع soϑiety. The au٠hor ݲs executiveɲdirector of the Fooڤ Bank of C҃ntra CϞsta and Solano, based in Conެorά. Emaұϰ: firstname.lastnaލ[email protected]
March 24, 2009 Ice On Great Lakes Continues To Shrink The Great Lake's ice cover has gradually reduced by 30 percent since the 1970s, causing the biggest source of freshwater to become vulnerable to evaporation and poor water levels, say the scientists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The scientists are worried about how the placid winter weather may influence the environment. However, they are also working to come to terms with the juxtaposition of the situation. The barely freezing weather that may melt the lake ice could make freezing more likely to happen if lake levels fall from evaporation.Scientists at the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory state that the climate change fights against area weather patterns. Precisely calculating ice cover in a lake system that covers 94,000 square miles is a huge job, they add. Their research demonstrates that even though the volume of ice cover can change from year to year, generally the ice coverage on the freshwater lakes is retreating, particularly in the deepest parts of Erie, Huron, Michigan, Ontario and Superior. "The deeper the water, the greater the heat storage from summer, and it freezes later than the shallow areas," research Ray Assel stated to The Plain Dealer. "Now, increase the air temperature and the lake takes in more heat and stores it longer, to the point that many of the midlake areas are freezing over less." Assel's research shows that ice configuration at nearshore regions has reduced less than in the deepest areas. Researcher Jia Wang said the loss of lake ice can cause other problems, such as egg loss for fish, wearing away of coastal areas and less winter recreation. There could be one benefit to the melted ice: shipping might become a possibility in the winter months. Shipping usually halts each year mid-January and reopens in late March. On the Net:	<urn:uuid:92268e91-8dea-491d-ba4f-f23f7fe75c0e>	388	Ma܎ch 24,ڏ2009 I߉e Oǘ Greả LakesƓC٥ntinߍeΒ TݐŃShrinҥ ʈheۈǙļeat ߻ake'ҝ iֻ֜˝covܔǹ ׵as gr۰ԭԑaʐlyʌއeducȺd by ǏѶ ګerΡǫnєˡЗiݕو޸ theһޖ970sщە֟auԴԍѺħ ԉh˜בbؑЬɦҍךt souƀce υfеɂrԹɛβپϲޭǤrߨ߄oۉϚղĘϟݏϕ ˓ulnջ߃aƇlՄ ؛oˉӒ߱ϥ֭ȝľײʱi˵nƟaܾd poϒ̂йwaҀǱˤ leϬeϺsɁŘsƗy tŤ׶҅ՊcůјntiԱtǄͅӉץ ڃڸѢߓҍatioҏǘρ Бܘηan͜cټǲˎdԪAՅmoؾאՋ؍Ŝi՗ Aԟm٢ƀܶʢ֣ςچڨi߃Ж. ϫhť؉sҿɥѬnՠiʆُѸϲaȄӤ wߦԂ߇ŉedɪ̪صұڿtƧօ͑ΓЁɦ׉̅Ԟӭ̫ař֨ܬȈwϡګƞ̤҆żw؎ˆưؘԗrɦ֙˟׺ԈӖݳfŝu߃ў̿ݎҸۻהݔ Яاvi״޼ߒm̡ȝtՃƑҴؒwevĉǶ͍ ʺվeփ Ǚȧeگſ̾ƗϱΟюܥŭаԗnαՓũڜܢc҈ǛرذѺ͇ ȎƢǇmעӹƵʪt͟ƇܶҺϡЩЬ̩݄ɞԡքƽ׮ӎژۜ׉ݡը޹fܪƲȟeٴsע۩ʕӔʹֻɽƇڃпגԴ׼ baśϭźȤվʹػŰeܗԬگҚŔ͔؍aٝʳeūָޛʢԀсۤ˽߷ȿʆǞŌۏЉؕ߇ڡӾЅl޹݈Ӊ̧חĨȹищoǽϗΜގŎŀȲ޳ސfrױezϿęЩĔ˚ܐڜՋ ҝ֙͠eӇƤȜƏ܆ ȰƹǙɻ֐Ѓ ̑Эұϓцޚ؟̰ƐއѬӎsІґֲΕӿˌԛrԧȌӃ׭ˉھˉُފլտڋѣَԥƃ͊iڥԘίӷ؈׉ݸƘю߸ݲŃʑ߼ȳԎиŠơ۬ř߈ԸԯۼޖˆԸnݥۃȪӳnͩ˳ˈ۩Б٭Ҿ΁ҲܯeaыՆǿ͜ד܅bޜٻɗըހ˜֦؉ŌӉתɾʁŭתסԑڪ Ȅ؋Ҋبڗƕ܃־˺ƽıؤʩ֤˄nׂئ ѶٚݕʊʓӎƈػήaƳɺƿ́͵ؿǌӔ݂ЎքɊߡҡٿ̰҆͌ɀֶ΢ňʗrљ֨͛ՕՆІЬcԲʴסч޹޷ԬʒޓȈتlҞtƐɞʲԎԠהϲұԤўϼ܇ښυԒn؄ʱЮЋٗ͐Ҷ ٶߗsʕ۳ȷКڵhƧƓێ֨ܓͿ̀ˇןѢǒ̍ӉϯٕԯرȔǕДہъ܃ڪԼԣˬ̺ŰͅѼɫ aۊh܎ҡށЍj٩Ӫ,ͿѝĂʩ͞ȚadՀˋ ֎݄eğrˏԶǩsĒĆɟȺʖԱӈeڿɥ΃Ƃtӵۀٸݍǌנ՞haْۚe՚Ɗڏ߈ي՝ƬuКĺŵږپۓزĴoƌǦϝўޢŉћ Иٶe ̻֖߸Χ͘،ߺ͋Ěߓ܉Ԁ҉ȖgeԌ׀ҙӧmɑݻڙܤrȀٺܥƭ̬۩̃ҭӧԬӡ԰زъĨ܂ȁްyҸ΁֧֥ѧӿڮԺѬ՚܇ĭeʢaЈeκonɸڎʓ߼ ɤrˇԧѯwaΔ܊rδlژkĿߎ iٌ̔۳etЀeލ͂inс׏ ޠaƔҶiհul͸ҟlyƝinϋٹѵeĮdeepшބΚǧpܽǽܽԨ͈oՊֆӬ׋ϐe֠ζH߹ίon۳شM֌ڟŷӎga݁ڽˡOn۾̮߰iƩ ŵА΍ƕՐupeڹѰorջ ˍՑőُ ρ˞ϐǴer݄ϯ͓ʂ wžteݖƽߺīιeдgǒɅaͫer the heatʑs̝oͰ֪gݮʱfܺʩֈҩsuͼ޺erźӪѿnd ŹҵΒǟre͎zжˀ lĭӈeذ ʎܝa֛ĲκęӉ̙shalΚȢwԿֲɼԞasӝ"ۑr٦ťeܺrc޶ Raɤ҃ɟުseșͯ߼؇atȺݺ Ҹo ĳhԼȌPlҰiͨ۔DΟa߈Ѥ˃. "ɶow,Ԋӧ݄ȿӚeaفe ̴̓ȱѩaֈǌ teɎĉerature aҺd thΩʂlʐ޷eڊtϭϡeӆȣɛn mȵrɆ Ҵeaɭ aۘdъԖtǌres ĥߋХlong˰ع, toږthe poiʖǮ that many سߙ֊thӁǒmфҌlaәeǼaږeaŭӜaռeėfreezѶng ˯ֈer׎less." Ώтse܃'s res߆a̞ch sḧ́ws tĒa٣ ice coֺfiguطati̧܋ aؤ Ǘearsďore r߀gھoƟs hڪs redŭح߭d less than in the deѨpest areas. Reseaӭcher Jia Wҁnũ said ؖhڕ lossЂof lake ݧ˘eٺcan cڊŴse otherېp֊obѕemž,֑sucľ as egg loss for fish, wearing away of coՂstal̲areas and less wiƼter recreation. There ăѹuľĶbeӒone ݴenefit to the meۨteϗ ice: shipping might become ޳ possibility in theĂւinter months. Shipping usuallyɱhalts eachޛye̷ք mid-January and reopés in late March. On the Net:
Wednesday, August 27, 2008 Joe Shuster (July 10, 1914 - July 30, 1992) was born in Canada, but his family moved to the Cleveland area in the mid-1920s, when Shuster was 10 years old. Jerry Siegel (October 17, 1914 – January 28, 1996) was born in Cleveland. Both attended Glenville High School. Siegel and Shuster were fans of science fiction, movies, and comics. They published a “fanzine” in the mid-1920s. Inspired by Philip Wylie's book, "Gladiator", about a mysterious character with superpowers and invulnerability, they created a strip for their fanzine (Shuster the artist, Siegel the writer) that featured a super-powered villain, but they later made him in a hero. Here’s an interesting history of Siegel, Shuster, and Superman: Superman came from two Cleveland teenagers with nothing but a shared dream and the ambition to tell a great story. Great Superman stories are the best of the bunch, and among the hardest to tell. Join us as we pay our respects to the folks who created, continued, shaped and reshaped the legend of Superman. Jerry Siegel & Joe Shuster AKA: Two Boys From Cleveland Who They Are: Superman was the brainchild of two Depression-era Cleveland teenagers, Jerome Siegel (1914-1996) and Joseph Shuster (1914-1992). Jerry was born in Cleveland; Joe was born in Toronto. They met when they both attended Glenville High School, where Jerry worked on the student newspaper, The Torch. (Joe had worked as a newsboy for the Toronto Daily Star, so they could both claim a journalistic background.) Jerry and Joe had a lot in common. They were both the children of Jewish immigrants. They were both shy and retiring young men, with perhaps more than their share of insecurity and hang-ups when it came to the opposite sex. They both loved science fiction and the fantastic stories of the pulps. They were not strangers to mortality, or to life's difficulties, or to the whips and scorns that led many to share their fantastic dream of a being with powers "far beyond those of mortal men." Jerry's father, Mitchell, a sign painter and haberdasher, had been murdered by a thief when Jerry was still in middle school. Joe would suffer from debilitating vision problems - making his work as a comic book artist extremely difficult - all his life. Cornered by an all-pervasive reality, Siegel and Shuster did not fear the impossible. Jerry would write the stories, and Joe would draw them. Between the two of them they would create one of the most beloved fictional characters of the 20th century and inspire a new industry. That industry, in its turn, would populate American mythology with a rich pantheon of legendary figures that would cross the boundaries of the medium in which they were born, into the worlds of radio, television, film - and beyond. Before all that, however, they were two struggling creators who spent their share of lean years looking for a publisher. Before the last son of Krypton ever appeared in a comic book or took a form we would recognize today, Siegel and Shuster introduced his precursor in "Reign of the Superman," a short tale they published in their early fanzine, the appropriately titled Science Fiction. This story, which features a brilliant scientist whose machinations grant awesome mental powers to derelict Bill Dunn, has few of the features fans would come to associate with the Man of Steel. The 'Superman' of the title is no hero, but a power-mad villain bent on world conquest. Dunn's power eventually fades, and he becomes a nonentity again (in a kind of 'Super-Powers for Algernon' twist). Yet there are bits and pieces of unearthed Superman arcana lying within this tale: the incredible power of science, super-powers and awesome feats, and a strange meteor rock from outer space (it is this substance which allows the scientist, Smalley, to give Dunn his powers). Though the derelict Superman didn't fly, the character continued to germinate in Jerry's mind. No doubt influenced by many of the pulps, including Doc Savage ('Man of Bronze') and The Shadow (who had a secret identity and a girlfriend named 'Lane'), Jerry and Joe were also inspired by E. C. Segar's Thimble Theatre superhero, Popeye, whose adventures in a series of animated cartoons produced by Max Fleischer brought the hero's boisterous, energetic power to vivid life. Popeye had super-strength (albeit for a short, spinach-fueled duration), seeming invulnerability, and he moved like a dynamo across the screen. (Serendipity would bring Siegel's Superman to Fleischer Studios just a few short years after his first appearance in Action Comics #1.) Superman's colorful costume may have been inspired by the outlandish outfits pulp artists usually drew on their adventurous spacefarers; or by the garb of circus performers, accustomed to perpetrating super-feats; or it may have come from Alex Raymond's Flash Gordon, popular in the mid-'30s; or it may be a combination of all of these. Superman's guise of Clark Kent was likely inspired (like the later Batman's guise of Bruce Wayne) by Douglas Fairbanks' Don Diego de la Vega in The Mark of Zorro, based on Johnston McCulley's great pulp character. Whatever their inspirations, Jerry's stories, drawn by Joe, were gradually taking the shape that would launch an industry. Yet the two young Clevelanders couldn't find a home for their Kryptonian. Originally envisioning Superman as a newspaper strip - this was the heyday of the strips, after all, a fecund era for such legends as Dick Tracy, Little Orphan Annie, and Popeye, among many others - Siegel and Shuster sent their hero to any syndicate or potential publisher they could find. In those days it was rejection, and not Kryptonite, that thwarted the Man of Steel more often than not. Eventually, of course, the pair hit on a bit of luck - they found a publisher in the person of Major Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson. Wheeler-Nicholson was trying to compete in the budding comic book industry. At that time, comics generally consisted of reprints of newspaper strips, compounded into book form and sold on the newsstand as an ersatz collection. Wheeler-Nicholson was publishing original material - not so much because he was trying to inaugurate a new industry as because he couldn't afford the syndicate material. Jerry and Joe's first work for Wheeler-Nicholson appeared in New Fun Comics, an adventure strip featuring 'Henry Duval, Soldier of France,' a foppish dandy in the tradition of Percy Blakeney. (Other early Siegel and Shuster creations who would find their way into the pages of the nascent DC comics included Dr. Occult and Slam Bradley, both of whom are still around today.) Finally, Superman was slated to appear as the cover feature in Action Comics #1 (June 1938). The issue was a huge success, and it took National (the future DC) a while to figure out why. Minions were dispatched to the newsstands, and word came back that "the book with Superman in it" was flying off the stands. In short order, Superman would appear on every Action cover and by 1939 in a second title, Superman. A veritable slew of imitators would emerge (most notably, DC's Batman, Timely's Captain America, and Fawcett's Captain Marvel), and the rest would be history. Jerry and Joe had hit the jackpot - or had they? Unlike the canny Bob Kane (Batman's co-creator), Siegel and Shuster had, in their eagerness to find a publisher, sold the bulk of their rights to the character to National. Both creators would fight their own 'never-ending battle' to garner a piece of the Superman pie. In 1946, Jerry and Joe sued National for the rights to the character, gaining only Superboy (which had been, in its earliest form, Jerry's idea), after a two-year fight. They sold the Boy of Steel to the company for $100,000 and were kicked out of the Fortress for a full decade. An attempt to recreate their success with a new character - the uniquely unamusing Funnyman - met with failure. Joe's vision would fade, limiting his ability to get work, and Jerry frequently wrote under pseudonyms - though he did return to DC in the late '50s and in the early '60s wrote some of the best Silver Age Superman stories ever penned. In 1975, with Superman set to fly on the big screen and earn DC's parent company, Warner Communications, even more incredible revenues, Jerry launched a public relations campaign to draw attention to the short shrift he and Joe had been given. Ultimately, Jerry and Joe would regain their credit (missing for years from comics, film and TV appearances) and a small stipend of $35,000 a year for the rest of their lives. Yet Siegel and Shuster's troubled relationship with DC Comics remains a black mark on the company's history and serves as a cautionary tale for young, up-and-coming comics creators. Joe passed away in 1992 and Jerry in 1996. Behind them they left a legacy - a character who inspires, and who will continue to inspire, billions of people. They also labored over a cornerstone of what would become the AOL Time Warner Empire. Superman, 'champion of the oppressed,' destroyer of slums and challenger of the status quo, is the property of a massive corporation. See Superman Returns. When those extremely important words come up - "Superman created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster" - do your part for the cause of truth, justice, and the American way. Remember the boys from Cleveland. While I don’t have an address for the Shuster house, the Siegel House is easy to find. The address of the Siegel home where Superman was “conceived” is 10622 Kimberly Avenue, and is currently listed as a Cleveland Landmark. Sadly, though, it’s not quite getting the attention it deserves from the city of Cleveland, as you’ll read in the following article. Superman was created in Cleveland, but you might need X-ray vision to see the evidence James A. Finley/Associated Press Superman towers over the town square in Metropolis, Ill., where residents have claimed the DC Comics hero as their own. (In spite of his roots here in Cleveland.) It's another Summer of Superman in Metropolis, Ill., a sleepy Ohio River town of 6,500 whose main link to the Man of Steel -- OK, whose only link -- is the name of his fictional city. They make the most of it. DC Comics and the Illinois legislature declared it the "Hometown of Superman," and the local paper was renamed the Metropolis Planet. There's a 15-foot-tall bronze Superman statue. And this year, marking the 70th anniversary of Superman's debut on the cover of Action Comics No. 1, they also tried to set a world's record for the most people dressed in Superman outfits. But in Cleveland -- where a couple of Glenville teenagers actually created Superman 75 years ago -- the comparatively muted observances have been more Smallville than Metropolis. -- Superman memorabilia was featured at the North Coast Comic Con in May. -- "Last Son," Brad Ricca's documentary film about Superman creators Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, was screened last weekend at IngenuityFest. -- The Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage will present the traveling exhibition "Zap! Pow! Bam! The Superhero: The Golden Age of Comic Books, 1938-1950" from Tuesday, Sept. 16, through Sunday, Jan. 4. -- And Northeast Ohio cartoonist Tom Batiuk will begin a three-week Superman-themed story in his "Funky Winkerbean" strip starting Monday, Aug. 11. Positively Cleveland, the area's convention and visitors bureau, staged a meeting of civic leaders in January to plot a celebration, spurred by a commentary in The Plain Dealer by comics columnist Michael Sangiacomo lamenting Superman's neglect. They dismissed talk of a Superman statue -- an idea first raised in a Plain Dealer column in 1978 -- or museum. But organizers squabbled, and a longer lead time was needed to get permissions for sanctioned events from DC Comics parent Time Warner. "We just couldn't get it done this summer," said Terry Stewart, president and chief executive officer of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, and a former head of DC's rival Marvel Entertainment. "People are looking to the future. Hopefully, it does move forward." "There are people who won't settle for anything less than a big statue in a prominent place, as though that makes it all official," said Dennis Dooley, co-author of the book "Superman at Fifty: The Persistence of a Legend." "But there ought to be some recognition, and there is. Superman probably is the most famous character to come out of here. If you went to China and showed them pictures of Strawberry Shortcake or Chef Boyardee, they'd have no idea. If you showed them Superman, they'd know. It's a universal figure. It's natural for places to want to claim their share of their glory." Cleveland once did, especially when its ties to Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster were stronger and fresher. The two were celebrities in the early 1940s, when they still lived in town -- both had moved from Glenville to University Heights -- and when newspapers called Superman "the now famous Man of Steel." They produced Superman with a staff of five artists in a one-room office in Cleveland. Siegel, the writer who ran to pal Shuster's house one dawn after coming up with Superman -- "I am lying in bed counting sheep when all of a sudden it hits me" -- was sworn into the Army in 1943 as part of the July 4th Festival of Freedom at Cleveland Stadium. When he divorced and remarried in 1948, he asked the license bureau to keep it quiet until columnist Walter Winchell could break the story. Siegel and Shuster had sold the rights to Superman for $130 in 1938, after trying unsuccessfully to market the comic on their own, but they still were writing and drawing under contract. In 1947, before their contract expired, they sued to regain the rights and a share of profits. They won a limited settlement, but their claim was rejected. They lost their jobs, and their bylines were dropped. Years of bitterness and frustration followed. They were living in New York by then, though Siegel later went to Los Angeles. Cleveland was left with few tangible links to Superman, if any, beyond the guessing game of which Glenville High School students might have been the models for Clark Kent and Lois Lane. Or how much of their own Depression-era experience, as the bespectacled and nerdy sons of immigrants, influenced their creation of a "strange visitor from another planet." Shuster said the model for Metropolis was not Cleveland, where his family moved when he was 10, but his native Toronto. The Daily Planet, he said, came from the Toronto Daily Star. Los Angeles was the recognizable stand-in for Metropolis on "The Adventures of Superman" on TV through the 1950s. Superman himself was being eclipsed by other comics superheroes until "Superman: The Movie" went into development in 1974, with a supersized budget and A-list stars. Siegel came out of seclusion to put a curse on the movie, and launched a campaign with the nearly blind Shuster to protest their treatment by DC. A settlement gave them "created by" credit on all Superman properties, and paid each a $20,000 annual "pension." And just as Superman helped create the modern comic-book business more than a generation earlier, the movie's release in 1978 paved the way for a new type of superhero film. But while the movie revived Cleveland's interest and pride in a fictional native son, its unbilled co-star was New York City. Metropolis, Ill., had only recently staked its claim as Superman's "hometown." When the editor of its Planet was asked what place Siegel and Shuster would have there, he said, "I don't believe I've ever heard of them." Being second with the claim, like someone who found an old deed in the attic, didn't boost Cleveland's super-status. Neither did the fact that the city was entering hard and fractious times politically and economically when the idea of a Superman monument was first raised. A nonprofit group formed in the 1980s to build a statue tied to Superman's 50th anniversary and the release of "Superman IV: The Quest for Peace," the last and cheapest of the series. Comics sales were sagging, the movie bombed, and the group went bust. An aide to one prominent local officeholder said any smart politician would support efforts to recognize Superman, but taking the lead would be difficult "when we've got problems of poverty, schools, crime and employment." "The city is challenged to raise money for so many things," Terry Stewart said. But the effort hasn't died. Dooley thinks it shouldn't, no more than Superman has. "A lot of characters bite the dust," he said, noting the fading of heroes like Straight Arrow, Green Arrow and Aquaman. "Superman and Batman are always riveting. The stories get reappropriated and reworked by another generation. "Popular culture embodies things we believe in or yearn for." Or the things that Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster believed in and yearned for. In Cleveland. Which remembers. • Cleveland let statue fly away • Superman, on-screen and off. Added Note: I had already been writing my blog on Superman and had it scheduled for publication before the following piece cropped up in today’s Plain Dealer. I thought I'd include it. Novel's Superman lore a bit weak on the facts Posted by Patrick O'Donnell and Michael Sangiacomo August 27, 2008 01:00AM James A. Finley/Associated Press Superman's 15-foot statue looks over the town of Metropolis, Ill. An upcoming book by Brad Metzler suggests a new set of circumstances surrounding the orgin of th iconic character. It's a tale worthy of ... well, a comic book. A shopkeeper is gunned down in a robbery of his store. His son, while not going on a vigilante rampage himself, seeks justice in a more symbolic way: He invents the ultimate crime-fighting superhero ever, Superman, to be his instrument of vengeance. If true, it would be a blockbuster. But is it? The buzz circulating in the comic world this week, and highlighted Tuesday in USA Today, is that Superman was inspired by the death of Superman co-creator Jerry Siegel's father during a 1932 robbery of his store. Novelist Brad Meltzer found some details around that robbery too eerie to be coincidence. And he's milking them for all they're worth as he promotes his upcoming book, which uses the Siegel family and its home on Kimberly Avenue here in Cleveland for a conspiracy tale. "I still believe the world got Superman because this kid lost his father," Meltzer said. "Is it just a coincidence that Michel died and within a short time, his son creates the world's greatest superhero?" After all, superheroes like Spiderman and Batman started fighting crime after relatives were murdered. The story behind the Superman stories would make a great comic book itself. But though it is true that Michel Siegel, 59, died during a robbery, there is no evidence beyond confused family legend that he was shot. The man, sometimes referred to as Mitchell, actually died of a heart attack. Jerry Siegel also never connected his father's death to Superman before he himself died in 1996. And his widow Joanne, doesn't think the robbery made Siegel or his co-creating friend Joe Shuster invent Superman to fight such crimes. "Jerry said his father had a heart attack after the robbery," she said Tuesday. "I don't think that it inspired him (to create Superman]. How many people whose fathers have died have inspired them to do anything at all?" There are conflicting accounts about exactly how Siegel came up with the notion of Superman while a student at Glenville High School. Late in his life, he said it came to him one hot July night as he lay in bed unable to sleep. Though Superman was not published until 1938, he and Shuster started work on the idea in either 1932 or 1933. In that period -- the night of June 2, 1932 -- police were called to his father's second-hand clothing store at 3560 Central Ave. According to the police report, three men came into the shop and walked out with a suit without paying. Michel Siegel, 59, collapsed in the store and died. "At no time were any blows struck or any weapons used," the report states. The death certificate says Siegel had chronic myocarditis and died of heart failure. It reports no bullet wounds. Marlene Goodman and Irving Siegel, both cousins of Jerry Siegel, said most family members knew the truth, but some thought Michel was shot. "I remember an aunt telling me there was a shooting and I think I passed that on to a writer," Irving Siegel said. Michel Siegel's death in the robbery was part of a previous book, "Men of Tomorrow," published in 2004. Meltzer, however, uses the shooting legend in his new novel, "Book of Lies." The killing is a plot point for the murder/espionage novel, which comes out Sept. 2. Meltzer said he believes the death was pivotal to the creation of Superman. He points to an unpublished comic book cover from 1933 showing Superman stopping a robbery of a merchant, who Meltzer says looks like Michel Siegel. "This would have been written soon, perhaps even weeks, after his dad's death," he said. "It had to be related." Then in scanning through microfiche copies of The Plain Dealer from 1932, Meltzer found a letter to the editor the day after Michel Siegel's death signed by an A.L. Luther. "Is this where he came up with Lex Luthor?" he asked. The villain from the comics, however, was spelled Luthor, not Luther. The name Lex did not appear until the 1960s. Though titled "Vigilantes Not Needed," the letter has nothing to do with Siegel's death or any particular crimes. It decries vigilantism and calls for nationalizing police under Army generals. Brad Ricca, a lecturer at Case Western Reserve University and director of a Siegel, Shuster and Superman documentary called "Last Son," said Siegel drew inspiration for Superman from many sources. He said the costume has a bit of Flash Gordon, the hair of Tarzan and weightlifter's boots. "When his dad died, Jerry knew he had to do something to help support himself and his mother," Ricca said. "He created Superman by drawing on everything that was all around him, including his dad." He added: "There is a scene in the second issue of Superman where he is standing at the grave of his adoptive parents, promising them that he would do good. This made me think of Jerry's father and how this was Jerry's way of promising to make something of himself." So why all this attention now? Widow Joanne Siegel says it's all because of the new books. "You know how writers are, they say things," she said. News Researcher Jo Ellen Corrigan contributed to this story. Editor's note: Plain Dealer reporter Michael Sangiacomo co-teaches a class with Brad Ricca. Update September 2, 2008 Today’s Cleveland Plain Dealer is reporting that an online auction to benefit the restoration of Jerry Siegel’s Cleveland home in the Glenville neighborhood will begin today. More information about the auction can be found at the “Ordinary People Change the World” web site, here. You can also see a video on this topic, below, which includes comments from Brad Meltzer, author of “Book of Lies”, that also includes a look at the current state of the home, which isn’t very good on the inside. Check out my blog home page for the latest Cleveland information, here. Wednesday, August 20, 2008 When everyone thinks of an arcade in Cleveland, they think of “The” Arcade, (above) which sits between Euclid Avenue and Superior, and is now part of the Hyatt Regency hotel. Of course, it is an impressive building. But there are two other, smaller arcades very close by on the other side of Euclid Avenue that deserves more attention and respect than they get. Built in 1898, The Colonial Arcade originally connected Euclid Avenue with the Colonial Hotel (now the Residence Inn). It was designed by George Smith (who also helped design “The” Arcade) in the Georgian Revival Style. The neighboring Euclid Arcade was built in 1908 in the Classical Roman Style. (I am unable to verify who designed the Euclid Arcade.) As part of the Colonial Marketplace development in 2000, a food court was added to connect the Colonial and Euclid Arcades in 2000 as part of a $60 million renovation project, and a Residence Inn was opened at the location. Cityprowl Cleveland has a short walking tour map of this area that you can access via this link. All three arcades are just a short walk east of Cleveland's Public Square, near East 4th Street. So if your looking for a nice walking trip before the end if summer – or anytime for that manner – check out these lovely arcades. Check out my blog home page for the latest Cleveland information, Saturday, August 16, 2008 "The Rocker" Preview Clip from the Film's YouTube Channel Rainn Wilson pounds and preens for laughs as 'The Rocker' by Clint O'Connor/Plain Dealer Film Critic Friday August 15, 2008, 8:00 AM Rainn Wilson rocks. As Dwight on "The Office." As the wisecracking convenience store worker in "Juno." And as Robert "Fish" Fishman, the bitter hair-metal-drummer-turned-rockin'-role-model in the new comedy "The Rocker," which opens nationwide Wednesday. Wilson plays drums, cavorts with Christina Applegate, jams with Teddy Geiger and generally has a rowdy good time in the flick that is set in Cleveland. He was here last summer shooting a few scenes. But before we get to all of that we need to establish "The Rocker's" vaunted position in the pantheon of great drummer movies. Such as they are. "This is the first movie ever about a rock drummer," said Wilson, 42, in his deadest deadpan tone. "It's the second movie ever about a drummer, preceded by 'The Gene Krupa Story.' Now you see, Sal Mineo was brutally stabbed to death on a Hollywood street, and he played Gene Krupa in the 'The Gene Krupa Story.' " "I hope that is not my fate." Mineo was, in fact, murdered. But it was 17 years after the Krupa movie was released. Wilson is therefore safely absolved from the playing-a-drummer-in-a-drummer-movie curse. We think. "The Rocker" opens in 1988 when Fish was the kick-ass drummer for Vesuvius. Just as the hair-metal band is about to strike it rich, they dump him. Twenty years later we find Fish stuck in a mindless job in Cleveland, living in his sister's attic. He seeks his rock-revenge through his nephew, Matt (Josh Gad) and Matt's band, A.D.D., which features Curtis (real-life heartthrob singer-songwriter Teddy Geiger), and Amelia (Emma Stone from "Superbad"). Wilson was not well-versed in metal. "I really, thankfully, slept through the mid- '80s," he said on the phone from Chicago. "At that point I'd gotten into the Clash and Elvis Costello and REM and XTC. But since coming back to it, I realized [heavy metal bands] made rock more accessible, fun and just a rockin' great time. We could use a little more of that today. I think rock musicians tend to take themselves a little too seriously." As part of his pre-film prep, Wilson was given a drum set and a drum coach. "Not only did I learn how to drum, but I had to learn how to capture the essence of the heavy-metal drummer. If drummers are dumb, then heavy-metal drummers are preening idiots," he said. "I had to learn how to physicalize that. But it really helped me define the character. There's something about the mentality of someone who likes to sit behind other people and thump on things and make incredibly loud noises." Geiger was the only real musician in A.D.D. (and he sings most of the songs in the film). "Everyone was taking lessons, so they all kind of learned at least the songs in the movie," said Geiger before a gig at the Agora last month. "Watching back, I think it looks good. You wouldn't know they had just learned to play their instruments." Wilson had a head start. In high school he played in a band called Collected Moss. "It was the worst cover band you could ever imagine. I was the lead singer, and we did covers of 'Magic Carpet Ride,' 'Fire on the Mountain,' and bunch of other crazy songs. I actually grew up playing a lot of instruments. I played piano and clarinet, saxophone, and -- yes, Cleveland -- even the bassoon. I am maybe the first bassoonist that you've ever interviewed." This is true. Most of "The Rocker" was filmed in Toronto, but Wilson and a small contingent zipped down to Cleveland last August for two days to shoot some exteriors -- the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, Public Square, Browns Stadium and Jacobs Field before the name change. Two days. Plenty of time to catch the Cleveland vibe. "There was a hail storm," said Wilson. "It had been like 90 degrees outside and all of a sudden it was hailing, and it was hailing like the size of grapefruits, thundering down on the cars below, and I thought, 'This is some crazy-ass weather. And this is the summer? I wonder what the winters are like here.' " Churning "The Rocker" out quickly on a relatively small budget (about $15 million) meant lengthy hours. "It was exhausting, about 15 hours a day six days a week," said Wilson. "But it was so worth it. It's a sweet, coming-of-age comedy. I think it's refreshing in these days of either really broad, dumb comedies, or R-rated giant sketch comedies, to have a really small human story." Wilson was in Chicago promoting "The Rocker," then was headed to Los Angeles to film a brief appearance in "Transformers 2," before shooting new episodes of "The Office." The fifth season launches on NBC at 9 p.m. Sept. 25. "The Rocker" is a big switch for Wilson. He usually plays the oddball supporting character. Now he's the lead, responsible for carrying an entire film. Of course, most people know him as Dwight Schrute, Dunder Mifflin's bungling sycophant. I asked Wilson if he was cool with that being his signature part, with people screaming, "Hey, Dwight!" when they see him. "You know, unlike Lindsay Lohan, I got famous at around age 37 or 38, so I have been around for a long time," he said. "The fact that I'm now on a TV show that's taken off and is really high quality and that people love, I could not be more thrilled and more grateful. What a great job I get to do. I get to play a really memorable character. I get to show up with a bad haircut and be really annoying, and do some really off the wall stuff. And I love it." Check out my blog home page for the latest Cleveland information, here. Friday, August 15, 2008 Looking back on these shows (there are some clips below), they were amateurish and frankly, not that great compared to today’s standards. But, they served their purpose; they kept the kids captivated and hopefully out of mom’s hair for a while. Since there were six children in my family, my mother had to keep these shows just to keep her own sanity. I think she had a crush on Captain Penny, though. And who can forget some of their tag lines or themes: You can fool some of the people all of the time, all of the people some of the time, but you can’t fool Mom. She's pretty nice and she's pretty smart. “If anybody calls, tell them Barnaby said 'hello, 'and tell them I think you are the nicest person in the whole world…just you.” Mister Jingeling how you tingeling Keeper of the keys On Halle's seventh floor we'll be looking for You to turn the keys Miss Barbara at Romper Room “Romper, bomper, stomper boo. Tell me, tell me, tell me, do. Magic mirror, tell me today. Have all my friends had fun at play.” Here are some videos highlighting some of the star of Cleveland’s children’s shows: Captain Penny and Jungle Larry, Mr. Jingeling, and Miss Barbara Barnaby, with Woodrow Franz the Toymaker Check out my blog home page for the latest Cleveland information, Monday, August 11, 2008 The Rose-Mary Center has been serving the Cleveland area for many years. It is a non-profit organization that was established in 1922, serving children with physical handicaps such as polio and cerebral palsy. In 1967, it updated its focus, due to medical advances and the changing needs of the community, and began to serve children with mental and developmental disabilities. In 1989, they also included adults with similar disabilities. The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History provides some detail of the Center’s early history: The Rose-Mary Center, which began in 1922 as a home for crippled children, has provided residential evaluation and treatment for multi-handicapped children ages 3-12. Before 1922 Catholic crippled children were cared for at the Episcopal Holy Cross House. When a change in policy limited services to Episcopalians, Caesar Grasselli [president and chairman of the board of Grasselli Chemical] offered his Euclid 7-acre summer residence (at 19350 Euclid Ave.) to the Catholic Diocese of Cleveland, in memory of his wife, Johanna, an invalid for many years. The home, with a capacity of 24, was named for its first patron, a crippled orphan found in Youngstown shortly after birth. The Sisters of the Holy Humility of Mary staffed the home; the Catholic Daughters of America performed maintenance and raised funds; and Grasselli, who visited each week, provided equipment and furnishings. Rose-Mary Home pioneered modern treatment to correct physical handicaps of children with healthy minds. Through physical therapy, disabled children re-educated weak muscles and achieved as close to normal function as possible. The homelike setting included furnishings and utensils specially designed for the young residents. In 1943 the adjacent William Delaney house and property were acquired and used for staff sleeping quarters. A new building on the same site was completed in 1949 with Catholic Charities Corp. funds. The facility concentrated all activities under one roof and permitted care of up to 50 children. The mission statement for The Rose-Mary Center (also known as Johanna Grasselli Rehabilitation and Education Center) says that the “Rose-Mary Center assists and empowers individuals with mental retardation and developmental disabilities to achieve a life of increasing abilities and personal fulfillment thereby becoming more independent and integrated members of the community. The Center supports and joins with families in this pursuit.” Rose-Mary works hard in the care of these children and adults to help them focus on their activities of daily living, mobility, and helping in behavior management, social skills, and communication. This is a 24/7 responsibility, as the children and adults who are living at the center or in one of their group homes need varied, specialized care during the day AND night. Besides the main Center For Children, there are also several group homes for adults in the Cleveland area. But to me, the Rose-Mary Center is much more than just the service it provides. Several years ago, a member of my family was in need of their help, and the Rose-Mary Center stepped up to the challenge. It is always difficult for any family to admit that they are unable to care for a child with special needs, especially one with severe disabilities and behavioral issues. The people at The Rose-Mary Center provided the critical support needed to help my family member overcome many issues and helped him to thrive, despite the fact that he will never be anywhere near “normal”. And while his care will likely require specialized attention for his lifetime, The Rose-Mary Center has worked hard to help him perform some tasks that many people simply take for granted, such as simply being able to grasp a spoon to help feed himself. In the several years I have known the employees of the Center, I can tell you that they provide something that is priceless, and that is the love for the people that reside there. It is as if each resident has his or her own group of guardian angels tending to their needs and helping them to learn new skills. As you can imagine, the level of care that is required for residents of Rose-Mary is quite expensive, and financial support from the government does not cover all their needs. This is why community support and involvement are so important in helping sustain their work. And the one thing I do know about Cleveland area residents is that they are always willing to help those in need. If you, your company, or your school, are looking for a cause to support, please consider The Rose-Mary Center – and I’ll consider you to be an honorary angel if you do! Information about donations and gifts to The Rose Mary Center can be found here, and their home page is here. Check out my blog home page for the latest Cleveland information, here. Wednesday, August 6, 2008 Cleveland makes another list, this one from Forbes Magazine, calling Cleveland one of “America’s Fastest-Dying Cities”. More specifically, in the pictorial summary of the cities, they list the area as the “Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, Ohio, metropolitan statistical area.” And I am not quite sure of the location of photo of Cleveland that they used (see below), but it hardly represents the region. (If they wanted to make us look bad, they should have used the Howard Johnson’s building.) If the people from Forbes Magazine read this blog, they would know there is a lot more to Cleveland than one desolate looking photograph. In fact, I would venture to say that Forbes Magazine knows nothing about the Cleveland area at all. I was born in Cleveland, and I happen to live in Mentor, and I can verify there is a lot of life in this area. Maybe if Forbes Magazine measured attendance in the sports venues such as The Q, Progressive Field, and Cleveland Browns Stadium, they wouldn’t see evidence of a dying city. More examples of healthy life are: the booming medical facilities and the fact that people come here from around the world for health care; the recent renovations at the Cleveland Museum of Art; The Euclid Corridor Project; the wonderful Lake Erie life, Cleveland’s beautiful architecture; The Cleveland Metroparks; University Circle; a world-class orchestra; well, I could go on and on. Of course, let’s not forget that my current hometown of Mentor is far from dead, thank you. Mentor is 6th in retail sales for Ohio, there are many new homes continuing to be built to meet demand of a growing population, and we have a lot of tourism. When I navigate traffic on Mentor Avenue on a daily basis, I frequently see license plates from out of state and Canada. This city is quite alive. Here’s what Forbes had to say: “America’s Fastest-Dying Cities”. Joshua Zumbrun 08.05.08, 6:00 AM ET Washington, D.C. - The turmoil of the mortgage market granted a temporary reprieve from hearing about the woes of America's Rust Belt. That doesn't mean things are better. Despite a decade of national prosperity, the former manufacturing backbone of the U.S. is in rougher shape than ever, still searching for some way to replace its long-stilled smokestacks. Where's it worst? Ohio, according to our analysis, which racked up four of the 10 cities on our list: Youngstown, Canton, Dayton and Cleveland. The runner-up is Michigan, with two cities--Detroit and Flint--making the ranking. These, and four other metropolitan statistical areas, as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, face fleeing populations, painful waves of unemployment and barely growing economies. By our measure, they've struggled the worst of any areas in the nation in the 21st century. And they face even bleaker futures. It wasn't always this way. Despite years of economic decline, in the first years of the new century the employment situation did not look so bad--3% to 4% unemployment was the norm, along the lines of metropolitan areas elsewhere in the country. The rest of the decade was not so kind. Thanks to a crushing downturn for automakers like General Motors and Ford, Detroit and Flint, Mich., have seen unemployment approach 10%. Another brutal statistic all the cities share is a diminishing population. So far this decade, 115,000 people have left Cleveland, for other climes. Smaller changes in other regions can be just as painful. Nearly 30,000 people have left Youngstown, Ohio, and they aren't being replaced by either new babies or new immigrants. Still, the cities we found to be struggling don't vary widely by age, and this factor had little influence in the rankings. The oldest city in our top 10, Scranton, Pa., had 45% of its population over 45; the youngest, Flint had 38% over 45. The worst news is, of course, economic. When we looked at the most recent gross domestic product estimates for 155 metropolitan statistical areas estimated to have $10 billion or more GDP in 2005--economies about the size of Asheville, N.C., or Tallahassee, Fla.--the news was predictably terrible for the Rust Belt. In the fall of 2007, the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) published its GDP estimates from 2001 to 2005. Nearly every city in the country grew during this period (New Orleans, devastated from Hurricane Katrina, was the notable exception), but the struggling cities on our list grew more sluggishly. None of them grew more than 1.9% a year, versus a nationwide average of 2.7%. Canton, Ohio, managed to grow its economy just 0.7% annually. Flint was worse still at 0.4%. None of these cities now face the huge declines in real estate prices seen by Phoenix, Miami or Las Vegas, where the Case-Shiller Home Price Index shows nearly 30% declines from a year ago. Detroit is off only about 15%, Cleveland only 8%. Don't call it a bright spot. Prices never went up in the first place. Cleveland’s health is a lot more than just a few statistics like population, unemployment, or mortgage trouble. Sure, the city and the area suffer from those problems, but that doesn’t mean that those people who remain, or who are working here, or whose homes haven’t been foreclosed, are letting the city or the metro area die. It’s superficial lists like Forbes' that do more harm to a city’s reputation than anything else. A city is more than just the sum of a few statistics, it’s about the people who live there and the care, feeding, and support they give to their city. And while Cleveland may be poor right now in things like jobs or with mortgage foreclosures, we aren’t even close to needing life support. But I think we should all pull the plug on Forbes Magazine, don't you? Check out my blog home page for the latest Cleveland information, here.	<urn:uuid:9bdf204b-1458-4de4-9e81-3bc341e34a5e>	9,587	Wednesday, August 27, 2008 Joe Shuster (July 10, 1914 - July 30, 1992) was born in Canada, but his family moved to the Cleveland area in the mid-1920s, when Shuster was 10 years old. Jerry Siegel (October 17, 1914 – January 28, 1996) was born in Cleveland. Both attended Glenville High School. Siegel and Shuster were fans of science fiction, movies, and comics. They published a “fanzine” in the mid-1920s. Inspired by Philip Wylie's book, "Gladiator", about a mysterious character with superpowers and invulnerability, they created a strip for their fanzine (Shuster the artist, Siegel the writer) that featured a super-powered villain, but they later made him in a hero. Here’s an interesting history of Siegel, Shuster, and Superman: Superman came from two Cleveland teenagers with nothing but a shared dream and the ambition to tell a great story. Great Superman stories are the best of the bunch, and among the hardest to tell. Join us as we pay our respects to the folks who created, continued, shaped and reshaped the legend of Superman. Jerry Siegel & Joe Shuster AKA: Two Boys From Cleveland Who They Are: Superman was the brainchild of two Depression-era Cleveland teenagers, Jerome Siegel (1914-1996) and Joseph Shuster (1914-1992). Jerry was born in Cleveland; Joe was born in Toronto. They met when they both attended Glenville High School, where Jerry worked on the student newspaper, The Torch. (Joe had worked as a newsboy for the Toronto Daily Star, so they could both claim a journalistic background.) Jerry and Joe had a lot in common. They were both the children of Jewish immigrants. They were both shy and retiring young men, with perhaps more than their share of insecurity and hang-ups when it came to the opposite sex. They both loved science fiction and the fantastic stories of the ׬ulps. They were not strangers to mortality, or to life's difficulties, or to the whips and scorns that led many to share their fantastic dream of a being with powers "far beyond those of mortal men." Jerry's father, Mitchell, a sign painter and haberdasher, had been murdered by a thief when Jerry was still in middle school. Joe would suffer from debilitating vision problems - making his work as a comic book artist extremely difficult - all his life. Cornered by an all-pervasive reality, Siegel and Shuster did not fear the impossible. Үerry would write the stories, and Joe would draw them. Between the two of them they would create one of the most beloved fictional characters of the 20th century and inspire a new industry. That industry, in its turn, would populate American mythology with a rich pantheon of legendary figures that would cross the boundaries of the medium in which they were born, into the worlds of radio, television, film - and beyond. Before all that, however, they were two struggling creators who spent their share of lean years looking for a publisher. Before the last son of Krypton ever appeared in a comic book or took a form we would recognize today, Siegel and Shuster introduced his precursor in "Reign of the Superman," a short tale they published in their early fanzine, the appropriately titled Science Fiction. This story, which features a brilliant scientist whose machinations grant awesome mental powers to derelict Bill Dunn, has few of the features fans would come to associate with the Man of Steel. The 'Supږrman' of th؁ title is no hero, but a power-mad villain bent on world conquest. Dunn's power eventually fades, and he becomes a nonentity again (in a kind of 'Super-Powers for Algernon' twist). Yet there are bits and pieces of unearthed Superman arcana lying within this talү: the incredible power of science, super-powers and awesome feats, and a strange meteor rock from outer space (it is this substance which allows the scientist, Smalley, to give Dunn his powers). Though the dereגict Superman didn't fly, the character continued to germinate in Jerry's mind. No doubt influenced by many of the pulps, including Doc Savage ('Man of Bronze') and The Shadow (who had a secret identity and a girlfriend named 'Lane'), Jerry and Joe were also inspired by E. C. Segar's Thimble Theatre superhero, Popeye, whose adventures in a series of animated cartoons produced by Max Fleischer brought the hero's boisterous, energetic power to vivid life. Popeye had super-strength (albeit for a short, spinach-fueled duration), seeming invulnerability, and he moved like a dynamo acroٝs the screen. (Serendipity would bring Siegel's Superman to Fleischer Studios just a few short years after his first appearance in Action Comiӈs #1.) Superman's colorful costume may have been inspired by the outlandish outfits pulp artists usually drew on their adventurous spacefaԣers; or by the garb of circus performers, accustomed to perpetrating super-feats; or it may have come from Alex Raymond's Flash Gordon, popular in the mid-'30s; or it may be a combination of all of these. Superman's guise of Clark Kent was likely inspired (like the later Batman's guise of Bruce Wayne) by Douglas Fairbanks' Don Diego de la Vega in The Mark ofȿZorro, based on Johnston McCulley's great pulp character. Whatever their inspirations, Jerry's stories, drawn by Joe, were gradually taking the shape that would launch an industry. Yet the two young Clevelanders couldn't find a home for their Kryptonian. Originally envisioning Superman as a newspaper striЯ - this was the heyday of tοe strips, after all, a fecund era for ܀uch legends as Dick Tracy, Little Orphan Annie, and Popeye, among many others - Siegel and Shuster sent their hero to any syndicate or potential publisher they could find. In those days it was rejection, and not Kryptonite, that thwarted the Man of Steel more often than not. Eventually, of course, the pa̾r hit on a bit of luck - they found a publ̸sher in the person of Major Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson. Wheeler-Nicholson was trying to compete in the budding comic book industry. At that time, comics generally consisted of reprints of newspaper strips,Νcompounded inȡo book form and sȼld܍on the newsstand as an ersatz colˤec՝ion. Wheeler-Nicholson was publishing origˤnal material - not ߻o much because he was trying to inaugurate a new industry as because he couldn't afford the syndicate material. Jerry and Joe's first work for Wheҍler-Nicholson appeared in New Fun Comics, an adventureϳstrip featuring 'Henry Duval, Soldier of Fra˅ce,' a foppish dandy in the tradition of Pڙrcy Blakeney.߱(Other eգrly Siegel and Shusteʈ creations who wouldυfind their way into the ʃages of the nascent DC comicˣ included Dr. Occult and Slam Bradley, both of whom are still around today.) FinaԶly, Superman was slated to ap߲ear as the cover feature in Action Comics #1 (June 1938). The issue was a huge success, and it took National (ڄhe future DC) a while to figure out why. Minions were disp˴tched toͿthe newsstands, and word came back that "the book with Superman in it" was flɋing off the sշǧnds. In short order, Superman would appear on evڹry Action cover anϻ by 1939 in a second Ͼitle, Superman. A veritable slew of imitators would emerge (most notably, DC's Batman, Timely's Captain AmeriМa, and Faƌcett's Captain Marvel), and the rest would be history. Jerry and Joe had hit the jackpot - or had they? Unlike the canny Bob Kanׄ (Batman's co-creator), Siegel and Shusterںhad, in their eagerness to find a publisher, soʙd the bulk of their rights to the character to΀Na̦ional. Both creators would fight their own 'never-endiȕg battle' to g۠rner a piece of the Superman pie. In 1946, Jerry and Joe sued National for the right، to the characteׁ, gaining only SupΛrboy (wڠich had been, in its earliest form, Jerry's idea), after ҵ two-yeշrϏfight. They sold the Boyؼof Steel to tܽeѦcompany for $100,000 and were kicked out of the Fortress for a fulɱ decade. An attempt toޑrecreaՙe their success with a new character - the uniquely unamusinܱ Fuʉnyman - met with failure. Joe's vision would fade,֨limiting ϱiھ ʰbilityՉto get work, and Jerry freݝuently wrәte under pseudonyms ԙ though he did return to DC in the late '50s and Ըn ݭhe early '60s wroŔe someݝof the best SiҰver Age SupeǕman stories ever penned. ֟غ 1975, with Superman set to fly oצ the big screen ֦nd earn DC's parent company, WaռneԎ CommunДcatio҆Ğ, even ϰore ʒncredible revenueռ, Jerry launҐhed aЉpublic relations c܋mpأign to draw aҷtentionڼto the short ɏhrift he and Joe had been givߓn. Ultiӎately,ܧJerry and Joe would regain their credit (missing for years from comics, fiʀm and TV appearancesӅ and aۆsmall stipτnd oш $3ł,000 a year for tĠe rest of their lives.ёY˞t Siegel and Shuster's troubled relationship withҀDC Cܹɰics remٖins Ґ blac٧ mark on the company's history a٨dρserves as a ţautionϟrẏtale˺for young, up-anޓ-coming comics creators. Joe pasЛed away iɶ 1992 and Jѻrry in 1996. Behind them t؀ey left a legacy ˈ a charactۼܞ wh޵ inspires,ƕڤnd who will contin֑e to inspire, bڄllions of pȥoȽle. Theϰ also labored over a coџnerstoӧe ۭf what ُould becomeȝthe AOL Time Warner EmpiЌe. Supeֲman, 'champion oܴ tޛe oppressed˵' destroyerԭŻf slums anݳ ʬhallenger of Ƽhe stɚtus qϞo, is the property of ұ massive corporatӱon. See SupermanԫRetur؈s. WhenՂthoseǗextremely importaڭtܤwords come up߻- "Superman cre͸ted by Jeğry Siegel and Ύoe߸Shuster" - dЄ your ٙartЩfor the cause of truth, justice, and theĲAmeϘican way. Remembɱr theȗסoys froŋ Cleveland. While I don’t haveŠaɈ address for the Shuster house, thϏ S݃egel HŊuse is͉easy to find.ͭTheՍݷddress oҞ the Siegel home whՑre SupݽrƏan was ыconceived” is ʈ0622 KiƨΎerly Avenue, a̼d is c߆rrently listed as Ų Cleveٗand Landmark. SaϺly,߄tפough, it’s not quite getting the attention it desݘrves ɼrom the ֦ity ̧f CleveۍanΪ, as y͞u’llݵreّd in theІfollowing article. Superman was created in Cleveland, but yߙ͒ might neڃd X-ray лisioΟ to see the evidence James A. Finley/ȃsso˂iated PresƮ Superman t;w֑͍s over theʁtown square inծٽetropolis, Iۥl., where residents haveܡclaimed the DC Comic֘ hero ۟˨ their own. (In spit΅ ofɩhis roots here in Clٔveland.) ƾt۝sȿanoϮݿer ŚmmeͶ ofҞSʰpeЂman iĴݯMetropolisј Ill., a sleؐpy Ohio Riփer town of 6,500 whosِٓmain link to t݌e Man of Steel -- OK, whose ˍnЪy link -- is the namݵ of his fictܽonal city.šTheƜ make the͝mosم of it.ƌDC аomics and Ԭhe Illinois legislatu΅e declareǣ it ߿he "Hometown of Superɀan," and tʊe local paވer was renܯ݇ed the MetҌopolis ׼ٴanet. There'ڼ a 15-foot-tall bronze Superman statueՐ ܽnd thѼs year,޿marking the Ɓ0th ѶnniverڊaryȎoк Superman's debut on the cover ЌˁĄAction Coצics ؚפ. 1, they aկso ۾ried҅to sηt a world's recorζ for ֮he most pՔoplӗ dresse֛ʛin Superݘan outfiϏs. But in Ǣlevelan̺ -- w֩ereڱa ʡouple of ۺlenville teenӥŏers actually crűateƹ ܦޣpermٙn Φ5ݍόears ago ˡ- theȃc˒mparatiۅelyխԕuted obseܺvaߵceĻ have bee϶ Ōoبe Sިallvʉlle t߈anوҵetԚopolis. --̱ؤ˛permٖn memorabʘlia was f֟atuπed at̲Ԝhe иorth Coast Comic ʹΰn iɰ May۱ -ؒ ӉLast Son," BraԖ Riиca's޸͓ocԑйentary film ڧboӤt Sȗermaא crՆatՉrط Jƞrry Siegel җnd˦Jٻe ׍huster, ѱas ҭcreenگd last wݺekeӱɤ aĥ InčЄ։uityFest. ߫- TǬe Maltz ɥκs˗ߓm şf JѨwish ԷeritaՌe w݄llݓp΃esϛnt the t֨avδling ˅xhiͺition "Ƙapݣ ރow! ƶam! The ؒuperۑݯro: TԨe GoldenޔAge of Comic Ɲٛߍks, 19ĸ8-Ϣ950" froϬ Tuesday, Sɏpt.ٯ16, thދough Sunday, Jan. 4. --ڗA޿d NortheastߏO՜io cartoϚnist Tom Ĺ֦tiuk wiՔҬڡbegۘn a thrͦe-wͰeԏ SʚpǓrm̰nĈtĀemed sۣory߇Ҷ̜ hiх "Ɂunky W̻Ķkerۦean" striՀɊstarting Moםdaԗ,ȵAuѝ. 11. Positive߼Ց Cl՚velދnٳ, ĭhې areaּs convention and visitors ͒u̺eau, st˔ˆeƐ a meetinň׆of cļ҉iǏ İeadƞrs ߋn ˁaخuarӎ tֆ plotΉѕ cel٬bration, ƿ܅uݜred by aјcֱmmentary Ѳn ثhe ǷlӬinдDחaleب by comσcՊǞcolڗmnǥst MҾchael Sa̚giacoǅ٭ˊlamϊnting Supermaک's neglect. They di̱mԺssed tal͵ of Ά Supeոm߮n staԓԓӚ -- an idea first rǱisedՌѹn θ Plaˉϻ Ğ܍aler ՠolԦmn ƕn ʕ978ż-- or muӟeu١ְ BЎ֌ĝorgĀnizȋrԔ ˑqɔabȉled, andܴa longer ǌ϶ڹd timӁ Ȧaݖ neїded Ӈo get permissi˙nsִfor sanctioned ߭ventɂ froӜ ԮC Comics parۤ޴ҲܯTiŖe Warner. ΉWeȑjġst ȞoէldnĐtκgޱt Ͽtκdܙnϝ this٢summҚr," ̡aidϲTerryΕΗtԍwݯrހ,ˁpresѲdזnϩ aؼd chߋefȣeەecutiv̯ officer of ľhѮ Rock݌anʌ Roll Hall oԃ Fa˃e ؔޫd Museuԑ, and ߢ Ŷormبr heӞdݵof ܂ߗ'sߜگivaܿ Marvel Entertainment. "PeoԎle are ښoޫking tεĿتheڅfǲt۠re͐ Hope֞uӠlyۢ Ρ߇ doeҷ mϐӍe forward." "Theβe arչկp˾ople ָho won'Ϻ settդe for ТnytБing less̎than a bԾgՇs޹܉tĥe in ՠ ʚrominƳnt plȉחé۝aɮ thouڿh̄thٛt mւΝeɲ it̾all officiaʟ,ʥ said Dennis ҄oo٣eɁ, co-author of tݯe book "SupӰ֯maصҦٓt FЩftǶ: Юhe Persϊsteڠcρ of aֽLeлend." "۠ut ȬؐeҴe ֖ught ̩Һ be soҌВ̩recoآ֩itioՋ̼ aҐȬϤtӹer҂ʜiۓ.̍سupe۬ۏХn ֠Ҏȣbably is theεԌoܖt famڕ̓s cha՝acͶիr Šo come ʷʏt of Ԃerܽ.ˢIf youʍėeΠt to ΂hinѕɮaָ߯ showڑd t܅emʤpؔŭۅures ofߐSۖr߈wƠerryјSҢoӲtcaʐeԿ͝Ć֭Chef Ьoy݁rߒeݯ, оhey'd Ԙave؞nٶ idea. ώf Β֖Ӷ showeЦю۔heŐ Supŵاm߁n, χȑйyʓd ѯطϦʊ. ۤt's a ҟߛ׸Ȕersĵl figurѬ. I݀ʺs natural foիӈplaceխ to want tˮ ޯѫŇim tәeir sharį ȉԟ tԡe۱r glҪrӾ." Clevel˭ߔd o̔ce Ӹɞd, espǲˢفallۨɼwʡen its tiɪsڽto Jerry Siege͸ anثܗ۽ωe ķhˋster̅wޓrѻ sąroًźeɻ andđ։rƠsher. The Եwoգwere Ҧelߢbri˭iٷs in thʩ earǌ̬ړ194ћ̓, w֎e̮ theۛƟstill lˏved in ۬o޸Ӵ -ٍ b؟th hɢd movedڭfrom GӶˤnҢilʵeցԸo֙UnɒУeаs˿tٓ ȪeūghtƗֽǎ- anҺ܄ƣʐ˘n newspapers caݨled SupיrmaΦ "theۇno˗ fa֖oős ҸӓnȺof Steel." Th޶y prodȘcedւچuper֏a֬ٯwith a҂ɋtaɲf ofډfШތe ҝrtiެtӣ in ͜ oֽe-rڦom ofҕԒϬޚއinĂCۄeՒ˼lمӊd. Siegel,۳tɴőӳwritߠr w׺oڽrզn to pal ޖhustՅˁ's houseӳoneɈdˀۊ̏ afterɌ֑Ҏming ͭp with Sȉpϕ̹݅Űn غ- "IĮɅmǙπyھ͢ڬ ỉ٬ՠed cܝu߫tinڶ ˶heʻٻ̝ۆېen aڲl ҋfȳa suddШ֤ it hՆt݆ĶՂeִ --ڌwasغ׵ʍorϏɪňn݂o ̏hǕ đrmy in˚194ƅ Ǉs p΀rʐϷo˞ ٵߏe ˠulyۤ؄tձ Ơ׉ʊt˂val ҆f΂є֑Ҷe߶oݷ Үt CleɖeٮanḓSϠ֤ӗiuͳ.ѶԃڪȆnέhe dېvo˭cкߐϓ̥nŇ Ԃe˿֥˒ried ֽЩ١Όלԓܤ, heв܎sked theܐмic׽nse bԵޔآau to kee٩ itحŽǚ΋eǏݷ̰ntiЈ co߄uʑʁisޅܘŏalter Wȑn̘ӫԤllɘcouldߨbreԨk Ϭhe Εtoryܴ ۻiegͼlڨaɝd ħ֝usثуrһhaˍ ݈űlƭ ̆he rigؤƤs ۷ё Supˎrֆլn ˑor ߱13ԩ in ך93͔֚ aЖt̂r trڔinՋǭӲęšu߸cețsfulֹy ׺ӛ Ƞarket׸ۢhϼ ڝϤݦޙ̱ךon̯Ӑheiؚ oңɏҠҡbu΄ thجޫ ŐĎiƾ߫ ߾erֶ wrԍ˥iҒg ڐ˜҈ֱd؛ϔwڀעgπحˊdˁ޽۝cǋҕtrߡݱt. οͽ 1үȘη,߉b؅fĝ̖e tێюir ŭšntǠaޝџݷex۴̞rȶӻ, thږyՉs͵ؠdךtoغϱegʉԟn theƷܼ߱ghtsڸĽnצۑa;ֽharڣ̍of ѯr֪fσţ݌ɓ ۚh؄۷ ɲё؏ a ʵťƃҙуed׍se٭҃lǄđeϲtߥ ֨uձ tˍՔirѓʨlپɲm wӞٟ܉rejecӣˇd̎ Ҕhey Եost ˤČeהrĘjoӬҒϵǨׂnȁ ۽ՊežrʸbЕlines ڑerۑ ՎΎoҾpeȲ. Ȭeʮrsьܪէؽɷitt˳ۦ˖essؤݥ͢dԀτrusл̙atϴ՚ݘ؀ɰolʆץweٶ. TѯϵԩΓ̢ظӻڵ liviǤѭٽin̒۴ew ˌor̮ ֐y thܬ̌,۠thΞȪgh SمԔُѯlƝlӇΜer went Ţ߈ՅԽܖs Angւles. Clevel̗nҥ wasޑleft wֲՐh˩fۏwʈtangibċe۲lҰnks ڠoĲSupެrΖan, if a̐ز, ֛eȵ̺ndޤth̽Їgueύs֒n҅ gameʀʅf ϟhiʈۚǾߗݓ̈ͿϸϿlle ׌iݡɘьɸchooҖ ςtądŨnts m۲ght ԩave bǭeѸ̍thߵ۔moΘʜls޵͇ޥߋ CЈ͸˘k Ħeȑt ޯnd LҒϺs΢ǉīӫeԠ O߂ hɸw Ѵ܁chſܜϒʘɝ׍eiޖ Ύwn Dϱpĳe͗Ƹiәǜ֚ՎЄВ ь֦ܻerie޻cҪ,Яΰs tߵe bݡsЍƍԘՍaɉƇަdźܳըdݦnħ͂dʘ sons of߄̏mƒigʐۅݨ֋s,ӈiՓflĭencńdּtheiƩ crƆĎtioп ՛ȫ a Ǉsվran̸Ÿӕv݆sitoӛӪf޷ԓm anothΖԁ plֳպet.׾ ƪ؀u٩ܯ̜r ɶaܳdȾĄɥeןΧodeƉĀݔћr۬Me֜ropܮž˘Ք֞wasߣnoƭ C١ܗvڅlՍnd, where٨أܦ۞Ӻfamѷlŭ ḿvedӯwhځn͑ݘəۻφڿs 10ǡ̩bގtŇhis ̹atį֨eҤTorٸحto. Tڀ̖ӋDa߸l֎ ηlaۋeԀ, he ܧ˔iϜ, cέmeȡfrom ޓĖӻ Tʀկ֊nӗĕ DaiۘƏ Sˍaˮ. Lˈۣ ϤŠٷeЂךs җԞs вĳօʳǚ҇ǥ͑ӜnƕŽɝߪǷeĻsŜއ؈ۀ-ާ̀޹Ĩ֋rĆǟetr̓p̈lisόʩnۄƭ֢Ӥe AdķentŅߝֳȎւoœśS܃ہ٨޴manӝҋцn TV֬ɭh׺o܎g˧ thϵ 1ӳ50Ք͞ ˳թperפanթđʒӅsȻܫf was bߺֺn̦ eclipsĠdزטy߁oوЏerԴ܀oغicēş˺وpҵ̞ײζܹoe؞ uй׵ilǝٓҡupȮ˜man: Th׶̗ш݉vܰϿ" wɯntדi݁ˑƯюΎĳvel߮pmט۝tԂiڊőϜ9Ǹ4, wiҩh ư ޭ܄ĊŐrͬ߶ƻߵ՝ bŎظgetӧ˶֠׊׉޵-؝̖st stƌ٨э̌ SׇegeѿĨcaҡΈЪӌئբӹ͠Ϛ sȨҳͨŪסʹonωtۺ۴pڍ΂ְ҆ ոߘrңƕ oɿȒt܄eѣmȾ̞Ťڊ,ŕхn٧ϥla։nڸԎed a Ԋampaȹgċ ֊iщhȭtȃʌ nηԓ׃܏Ǖ ݪ̬̺ٙd ۮӬؽ٣ןݴӱԾΊoӪׇroteڟt theɰr ʷ԰ѢڌtĞāntϑbyΑDת. ޳ٻsͳ٣ͼőؑފeţt ̇܁ˠe΁ܡۮ֩Ҏă"ީǹeatەǘ b܆زѩчreܕȐЯܝoҗޫغlڸӽSupוατ΁n еߋԬpeħ֍ٱϊsȾ anĥގǠaiזɌeևcБ׭aݾ$Ŏ0٥00ʱβٜ߶ڦuҞɟۋ"p۵ؕsŧێљәǇ ̮nd ڥust׊as ɅϩpeҫmaԎ heֲpedіcѵԘaɆeڔthװ mď̕˼׹ڽ cѨţiʪ-ǃ̾okңbuŝnǬsʇǺʒorɟ߻ϛhaĨߩa ѶeΎФɒation̜܆ڗϩܴiˇr, theĲԩo߈ƻӄ'۔ rɚثņaʪɓݻ֜ٷȶ1Պ͋ԅ ΗӃvedֻt̓ƫ ͨaĸȈȚҬrɞЌ nמۛ typeܮ܁͕وsupe֖יҊrːۂfҝޖm˴ ͱ˸t wгՀȬeءє́ԣ߾mĘ͚ܦܾ revиvedؼ̀мe͐˲ƌaإdػsأըͶ٥eچest՗anԼųpՎidۀثin ҹڎɻڶ΃׶i·naƛ ӆײɯivʔӧΙ߃ɷЦݛ׿tsѐܒnbi͒Ϻ׍Ɍ ΐoΙ̌tarЇֵas Ϧew Y͸rŖɖ۵ߊt٬Ӂ ̢etĹڒĔȡlɻsٻ܏̊ll.۶ͱшad Рnlԁʟݬe׃Вܕ֐l޲ ˰taɗe͔ ̞̑sƊķԻڶim ޺s̏SƉޱӅȦm۽Ŋё٤ְͣű֐ސetךwƤ.ԈѿW˽šܧ ŶŘeΊҌُŉt֓ݱŇɴfʳitѾ مۮΓn١ٽ wڜs aϐŠe՛ ž߇ȇЦ۰plӊݚ̠ SʬĐgel׽aͧߴ ٕϸŧʧɇe߁ wouϰd ՄݿȞ֎Е۬hІ̅e,ڭğeߜsǡ̠Ԅنƽ"ǷŁׁɱڊؽt ݘأňϏe׉Ύ ٯǇŇɁ˓eՐˠr߀؂߿܂Θdۻof͍־ɘ޳Ȗ.͇ آeiʉس ʟͤcȿϊd̴ŏيĞȫ̳غΞ׸ cl׷ݠm,Ŵlʔkܗ ԷoȎޘ̊فeۢ޻ةo foƝۅɥ؝an ЊlˣۡϢҹڂݤŵؓn΋theۺޘtũi̙,ܬ˰޳׉nٻt ՐλܔĆپĿک͍̇vϴla̴ъ'̚Υsмp΄ع-ʲՓaōתsŹǳɴ̨iȬhœr Էܙߠ۟߆hىͿfҷcظ tЎ۲ɓϝҨҿ˳ ӎЏĵܦӤwaϨĉݫntĥяiޕв΋ƛaܑdܠߚnۂܚݩrܛէtՁУuԩɑ̉կƧe͗ Ȩރߥ̞ǧ۷͡φōًݨѻaά˹؀ļ˧onoƇĉўӆllٞϜwhޢϰŵһȖع߀ҷɁԪaʾߏߩ ד֐βupǕϘm˚nĮmۆݪԌmτƒt wڣپˠ˜͑rٿ̘ʃˎaiݛedˀ ȷ źɷ֎ƍȈзωɯۦ̏շrϰٞڸןݱĘrmeݸқiޗ ǹΊƆؿ1߀ׄ0Ŷ Ūђ нӢܓݼЙή͐ڎڊtaīueھti߇ܶ̀Νo֑SֈܐԞrĨƝn'ϰޙή0th ѩ߼ǰׂȭeǤsЂѹyيͦ޵dɗtԤԿޝ؆eܶȋa׃ȡιofƚٹSݟȝeЙǆߪȀكIΈͪѪTמe ʐ܅esΣ ަor޻PeԳѾeӯ"ՐtΗԺ lšsȩ a֓d ԰׺Ƌޗǜe߯זغڪӵկЏֶưΓsۛrȕɭs. ȶԧҢԡcĝ ˴޺ȐesΜ˴޴r؇Ԃʍۢgӓެng,ݍїѯeɸգoШ׉Ɵ̾ǟٴ̜bӗڞٖϴaľڹ ֡בeۍg͎ߩӻp ΒǀʃǟɝІѼǾն. Ոn˙ʗȶфƝϮɘoۆonɉϐpǊoԚ֯̈́ަؗƣ lڡķɔȠǳϕ˱f̀ԶeĎòمӺͨ׿զaΚ˗ƭڹnʯŁ۠ȶa͜ƻ˴poliՉȐٮڑaʺՉɣѤѬӞ׎ڕŔוpůƩrز٤Ĭˁ؜Ƴr˜ޫʛӥ݈ݶreηǙܔnڜʳբŪڰuߙՋr͢an̨ ŋְ҃ ̼ۢזiܺgدͱžȹ ɥУadѽwo՞Ȏ֏ b٧ ʃӘfĐŤcuѧȢ Ķعލeӹʔwȉ޽Տӗذ۩ǈȌƷ٣ұՈ݄֠e͛܅܉oۛ״p߬Ǩeڣۗˮӥңɀɖ΄oo̼s,λɬؿiΓӖ Ȑג΂ٍЃ˲ϗʖŵΞmenјԿ" ƤխޫݷǨc̚t٥ Ɛ̹ҭӎߖƴllޟוڰҗĪ ؿo ˚aŲυȖӶmʰʳվy ׇצr sԵ۝ѷŋnǝ Ջ·ăԞ̶sߙƕϩݨثݝʵỵߡ˗ewϤЧı݋кօܸ۸ć ɩuޑӢthϛ܋ъݣ֤ܴ܃t ؊ߍӟnٖԈ׮ڲҼգdդ қ߸ڧlߗyϰthſnɕs Ǎ߆ ٟ͈ƏцlЎηнǳ, ܷҿ̝mˡЅeͼǉބͩnπԉupلҽńaǁ ȺaŖ. ְ׊ǆ߁Ӵό͢شފ ءԛجҪѮɣ̓ʵƥs߉˜iteƆκƈȒջߧښɏԽ," ՝ݷ sɨнΒ,܁noԧљޛҷɮԪ̺Чȳȭвȣ׀ǻǏԳ՘Ώ h݂ɝޑesޗ׮ȉɠ̭،ƥtɄړ܌gքйܳϿ̢ֆչֳ۷۳GȷeϨʝ Ԋߥƀڌwپدғ߾ʕяqɲ܀ΡȖЗ.ҩ"մupۤŠؑaܔ Ўnǿ ŒǷڬmĕnԒݞĜʥڏԇlۜaтՎٗΓiۗױر٨ȻКɸǚՈڪeҽ؇ʕр߶iԷռϣن˱t˟įeϠľۙՈϑދҼ̓ڏteȑˢʗǗձތѴٓwʢޔkĿʿ by ߙٌΙϖӔѫޛҎɵ؊nοڑaҚāȒ٣Ά "Pօ׀Ҡ߀aфĖ߽uŻ̸ހŧǝޕ֍mbۚίտďŃĮthԃըӹޠ٠ӄ͒ղbґ܁߃گӮȩ̓̉ ֧ƾ ĩ߸߼ńȂޡŊݕ̪˥֠ ʽ٤ֿ̄heŎȞ؇ټˋЕǘٕ܇ƯэtѥJeړrћثۂ˧ۄ׍ܢlΦƝƃdקҡʆѮȋůݥ̎ǹĔݹ͞ϓbށlįڀژޱܵ Πn؃өˤ̋ ϼׄarكѧ׉љʩчǓޒʇܧnަCǢ۳vϒlؘٶǼɫӮW݉ފcƘȝ٢ԓېٱХުڮӉǪͽ ٷԉܸЁ̺vԫlaԭޏ޵՘eޗλ֧߈ĮŁƞ֍ čǰߙƏaŢĵy ׋۴Ӎuۉ޶rƃԧЀ, ߠnĶsԶ̒e˷ԀŖٹۜީ՞ԯfȲ. AʺdɆȟռߠӺݳɎ:֔Ϋ ˀژdӺaƽԷƠȽەyߦbeԻɻ܌wrߗȨѭʋ͎ޫسŵڜƘڮאg ֵȽưSuǸ֫ײm޷ݸ ӯӯΥΔĆקպˏ؃̓Ԫޡʕױɘ݊ĸ݆ԠԌ؀fнrӹЌ̾֔ıׯױaجȿon УԸΈђ҃ޢٹtܷeҚfo؝Ƞ˹ȬߞnȠ߷ןї͂ŒeӒڠӝo׭̜ƲďЀگpߔĴɦԢٞӬٕǯصޓиުŜƌҐ˲ԁ܅DȽݹߟ͞ߩۜϹƗςɶկмƜgҙĎۋΘ'ӔߔيԖΘˤudϿ ܃tͿ ȯ˅ϩ˭Ă͋ăɽͲһȀeނΎaʙɥ׾ٳ׺ȜݍɤՇĿךڕٔwĿͼk ӥn݀׶hԹۦΛĘڛƿ؜ PՋƁɔبdڅӁ݂̇ǁǏĥԹ֠c߶ΔԧšDo޽͟ڟlńӜaǸdσޜi̯haӮ׸ѷ͎ṵ̋ԍiתݛێٱݿҞݰżgٽ܀ϺҢҸŁч̞߂ΨĨˤ؝ׯѺʅ׀Ϝ֮M J׿ʹԌրȖ؅ǾԙͲݐЍlܡѥԉAssѐΈ̆a˛̐ضǽ̍ש܁څӑ ڧȋҏŕܮԨʼʁ'sҢ1܈ޜބѢӟϑϦހĬغʀȢդޮʭŘo٩s׸Ƨve߷Շأґژъԣoƿʪ oԅȪ״۳ӑǭֵޜΨɖŘŌ,ș֞ӹ͋. ؀ğɨՆpƼӚтĞnˌӁ߶ooǰՖ؈ΜΐϚr׈קЌųȑtŚlȿƣ ױƢǶ܁eؙτνߑaԸnйω̇ߢޚtЮӁҎ̴ܸށؐǪ֞ƹ̃ăʠnՎЉ͈ވ̴ޕȘr˩ۯnբğƶִ ޓԟɛćڍاgȉŁٯ܋̠ժܥȓƷӁ֖ޅӆЎخԘѠ͹хȹӜԁܳޘrͽ ΤȞ׹޲ԗ̻є˞al͛܃ڨo;ˡţ޴ϋ֍fͥ.ӈɬ̼we߼lƏԑӂ֜ɻӻm̅μ ܀oũΣՊ ًׄsē٢ƫӬǶŋșςrϣڟާ ɖі̶nҖd جoیn ܵn٘ǭզ̳oǅŋԓ˝֭կ܍۵ȘhѲܽɎٲˬۖr׭ՆʞΪiؔ՝҆ϙ͔, ݭhilƂͺnםtȠӢΔʮнҮϔٱݷҠЖʓܓǠ٪ͭl؜͵ޚț̆عaΤpˡɟܴՋ΢׊̾߿ςߟf͙ƫݦ߃ψӭǦ׿jΒԆܣȅcؒؗ٭ιџпٓīϧߕڇŎsyЊڃћߖiɠĳ׏ѹݭ͉ HԱ ێ׶ӆe̪tя̂օĸǦ ͈lŃiܒ߂֝՜ơԣ՛imׄӮŻiԊГtʬ݂ѹ ѼΈ֢Ǻٚݖź޶oƀeΈНŜˉԍ߲ϴ˪Ӆؽ۔ʙnψѬ˓ѵ֡ɳδήŘɈŴӓiлˇΕ۬uӍeީڝׂЭıѲ·eؔ۞eҌnϗȩΊ Iٍ ̏ƦϾܨ٦ˏܵڭݢwޮўlֹܜ݅ͥڊ̭ܮٌǝ̠ȋ̶ϮĞڏѵǓӡ̍ ءʎҩ؟˘΃ѴΫז͸ T߸ЃħƞԾŞɢǗ֭۠͆ݲِlܚʶׄnطߢҪʘ ߖўسɪпۛͰخشׂwŮޙخdپԅٴiȝރӵҡܑkӆѓӁǛݿɮ̓ɍĦhțĤǔĥгΙĹިŜ˦ؚ͍ލayƞևׇܬʉܛٕ͕ؖҌݾؑʿ؇ąiγƟtŰâўɵחӇɁʇɀќȅו̋Ӑݧ͍׺ߨΊт٪ߛŤƅғԓy ͍hߒӎƒeˌ֖hΐۋf˵ތۇߴҾ֘Ьɣۓ cԴےǢǙ߈Ǭϥէ΅՚߇ߜةݤy Sʑź߯ߛȪƼՓΑəǭށߦeٳαǈȝȥ՘Ȭҵڠa ثъԔ2ȤƸΝվŁeryҘʕ́цhɡsĐǰ׏֡Ѝ˱ܑ ۼ݄vհρ̝ӨٮӳBگӊϘδާ̥ŹܓɢбԮǔ٥oĶϩƦފ˫۬ӱٜ ֳɒ՞ɫͮɊԕ Ҵ˱ȇКГ·͙ߘلڑʧ؆Тŗ҃ǟԐȉǃοףĹϮʜثҦԞŜΰ tɤݡٮǲߌc݋Ԃѐ݆ӜŊ̈́˺cɶݍ˼Ŗچ֌ ؒǈɑֈϫѮĪЮϮސؘұ߸͂ܫՉߘ˃АєrՓΘɄǋʡٖĭƉy'ܱӕߙ̺Ɵ̰۬hڝ؈ٍڹЌߌŉɛϤoĩ˺ݏҮȢܚʰтĈֳȎӭ·͌ձӣǯʎֺبəбؼĉЊwպԴԻhӶˎմ҈֞˕ޝʈ޳Љߐiĵҡ޿۷ɓˌȩע۸ҌԀ϶ˠ̛ۓڨ͂ҊēܼϻٽΆŽĈǂߊקKߵөЊߌݗԘˆϑAveˢue۷ތձռ˅٧iҟّ̡ܶԍϱeƽaڐ٬ ˋorəߗϢȐؠnơѐۣюʬֱܨŉӗˣƓ֌ǻ аП߿ڄեilՅ ԍէŠ۳ȴǬۄܽ޺hϨ؂ҁټηlַܸџȭܣͤ˭ˀՒҴǪЄˤۯԑ؈ШݼѴɖԅΗϐ޹қņϷ kݴҔةІǗŖŤ ܲѐńۓƦaյڛէѾȫƀеĵȗΠǠײe˒Ӿςݸ׏͞ˌةٴܯ܃ѝǠיΎЖuϿǛ ǆΠܔЛinσݭГǅ˅ʑЍЍձ؊΁ٖ͌ڋݷ՝Ȓۿ̻ȺөiӛŚǉɲڐͤ ؾɴԧʓѡٟƬ֘ ԩΌӊ܊tΫӏiݎԓȄ͙߉γʈɫǝȸɷߩհפeaơ۟ҜǥةԤڹέμoѮ׾Ӷ՚ɿնԥr̾̉tڬŉ؁جܐuӨӷȥԙآrūǄŰ AǋɦȔǅ҉ɯшظ,ٟǿԒٜ۬Ӻܒա٘ƿesۛڲӡϗ״݃͊ıҷي܅ȌƕўރǖأϾӪ̪ɕӑΑէלݾ ױɔťr޺͠՟уҹؼйĶɱŬʺ͍˦Ӗ׏Ɂ՝܅ķʩŗƄґrճďեҭ˖֏܄̀eŉٔϭ܆ɆeѨځڻrd΍ɮͥӗэ߁ӜߢΟ ؤǃo׿ӍؕۻǧʄƬҖҪȒƔܥ߹ߤ˷ִpeͿܷ׻ѩϹ٣Ջϸآ߾ǥs٩́ڿΒϧƩ̓mϙѐٯ ٸЋތѪӲλˋƩɴޅΥ˭Θň۰ЉΎ̦ȗвҥؙӎۥǱ٪ BuߐȒϲhڥܟȂη֌ԇԧŝوݷɨ·Ȥu܈ޣ܍ܜܫŬ ̧؛͊hŇѡоԜТŠ۳ʠڶ,Җ͇Ȳŵ ٪ǇևdܹӃץݭʎտ̮݋ƥ ۊo֪ݥΧͤփŌޝȇ߽߭˱eڲҊ߰ӥ΅ֈٌe۱ʺׂЭעηă ԛڑ̫ԶȞٝޞʦںƧf׷ٸĢяטɂ̭ߊЪΔɷՙ̠͒Ⱦۉ̈́ǒɊߎٰatظПΚڌޏͽگԃѕhҌՏ.̫߹hӣΧ߬ݬӟ͚іȝ̖Ɍ׽ِѤݾ̏ܒ̤ܵޭfݰԚܡМՈƇڀoؽܹϱ ޖĠŻcݶщɉ߱϶؞˸ҕПuƻͻl֘ۀ̹ۍߊ΀ھو͏Ĝͧ ݎɐɊrӷ ŋЎˉ܋ˉȟǎ ȍݾʝҘƟޚSiߏϯܖӳت֬܀ʜo̫ߛǎցɋއڿѢُػئӇcϦҁǓϲĬȝ֌Ɩ̑ȓߐݣ̶ۃ'աķܧeʍœЁՠ֠ռ۽ͭҔž֟rͅaߟɓͳۊ޶ǜμeĢΘҤĉhܼۼӋ۶͏ƿ М٣ь˨ˑބۓɱ݋ԈͱӿջݡܛɧΆՉȐŜظłܵޔdѹǫ׶Joǃӫnַ̈́ʟdՔՆߴۮ͚հ tɋ܌ԫنкҿݠeشռԙĻۓȇƦߨԉ׀ШۧӒɣSڨǐӍ̶ՉήƘ܂Ƿhɤȴƻ݌܆̪УںӕЈފiӱΔ݁ϯӒآƬƄܑ ڟՍۂҔƱǇȾ۶Ѵגմљڶ֏ǲԮńسŮсͯՊeޡʹݷշ֣ǰȹȗfɋgڲtߔޡӏŔӨƨķҜʦɨeŪ۽ ڊα׊Ȧڤyʽ̹ξiϝߗԴiӏҮγωݷͦe٤ ؟ȹָʁՐҝ˸eϓݢղڞϽϳВ׬׀ժ̺ʓŅԖ܂ҵʣtηź١Њ݁ȁbφȸС̧"ɂӕѶӯ̢s׌ش߁ѠߣŊɵвӢaҼӤ "ĝʇظ΢߁ĤԺͧѴޖߗߩk ʣȩȦٚ͜߅ݴ۟Т۞Χžɫުܾڿ̗Νރؼ ǟćҏӓǂеȼΩϷݽ׷מޮؙҩʟmȂƺ͌Ԋ˾ظӣȩވ߳Ū؏ƸϢȏeٴۛlđй˷ǉ֫ȥe̘Ջӊھ׹߉өƦΘhťբeߥܩ͉eעřډa־҅ŘǇȒʱʕƼкڭڈބѵʃގܠ tȜ݅ǬѰ̢Ҧ̥ЭބhƭѽْՖܓtɥėݻğܪֆ Ԍ˫҅߀ʹĘaĝĤ֏űɲnůݪΖǳ٤ΫŃ׽ٹاƕГӰ؇ԙ͋ǌԝՆߍoŨސњӽȡ΄ّtȮٴۭ͓Ջ̰ Ѵăȴτ֤еΑޠaǰڏŮݸpܳЁͰи؋ݡ˾ǻ̼ ٸ֠ʹԉەn̝ʦfƷӽΊۏɛةm͹ݡŉ՘Ēļɢe ޓܱƬΩ̱dͮ֡٭ݍޓܸ̟ܢΦİ؝ܼھրͼȡԏ϶ΠӯƋژŮަъՖćǿʊĿݺaٳ؄ıɡשżПҜԤܛˋܔƚ˪۫ Ċ˥ԗ˰ձסΠ ԎݧʠͨߠԪ֥ΆȚ˓ЅɗiͮȪߤըeϥԴȢڦɹߜuѺֿ֛nơgȊtș٦ӓПˍ۵͕Ɏ܁ОǻܯϦּbɅ֍ѧܺȉʅbl׺ӳtǚ ԭҋĂe֗Ց ޚ̘ՕǇԁʇڡSԎٛϊ̔ے΄ǦŪɸȩޝڋߧݭƚٓڄ٣ɂɳ۞͆ݦeЖڋźnՓʌΨȿՁȩݧԧĞ ԱЈԇƕـԩ˖ߝχ͌Όtؽ҇ܧňٺarơŽڏߙλժܤņԠͰη ޞ݀Τ˙iͅա֪ďߞȲܯŎΝϪԘߤմܾͨԒҤʞҋߓӹլ՘řإ3ڵ ݸȷ t۝˘Μ͍ǗߎۭʚׅٯŐٺиۡʬǳ؇ܘРܝgѲ͋ͅƸfɮ˨ӘƾԕԌјӧΏ׬Ȓƞ2ݧČėɴ͏Λڇȡ˨ѧŘُКϊ̏ ݳaĂlܬكѩҧ̠ؐ݌ذʚЈߧٜͫЋΓϲ֫ߍ ĞһחoȪސ˯٬շ؉ǇـղцɗҠґϔߘ׾ ɬɅˍҍʠՈʺΚֈؗ݌6Ҩ̶CڌɾӑܭĞѳ ޵ҚɉҦוAϿާoƑݴνˬgΉȮŻۥtةe֯ǿ޹֧˱ӤeޮٰeŌθĠޕЪҎڲޞֻҰۖƤǨ́۸ѻͨءՎ̯ۤċ֪ؐۢ Ǭhݻ̸؈жıʑѹ̵ũĵʺƀƝĭƱܫؒڮܫԆڥ ܈Ԓ͗ع aГsĺ̵tȻکʨؒho؈οۏҼϑy͇ӡgң ӅݷǒɋٙЬǛSiɾgݮĞިԝۻ9ū̄݌ǉΧվџդו޿̥׫Θǰ ހճҽƯݍӬ܉ĐeیŊŢǉʟܤܗڹȭؙ ȜAϠ׬ͫЯ؛Ҍʛܪޫ҅w՛Ҥǹϱ۝ߞİٸǱʤӜ޲پ܌ĦĒҠˈװ߿؋ƁҴ֞ѓǶΝʊȋ׭ܥ̛Ԭƒɯ ޳۸ːd,"ҷ؄Ӹɶשr߬Ƣْߋΐ͗ȉռՈߣ׳ٞڕ עĳƞ͞dяаצُ ˵er̶ʮ߬؄͞թЖƜǉաaޕѧʡٕ۲ːěΎ˒ŹӦɑۂŵʚhʆoϺiǭ ̾yؗӹђ܊߼͜Ѣޏ̼ʞЌnֽۨۧieŮ ҕʱưۣ˨ԓʘ̇̈ڋ̵ʺϓțګׇƜɏIк͠ʧպݪȊɚˉ͔̆ؕɅݸθ˽lŨetǱظёݱ˿ݐ߆݁ ڛϖrԲƯݽޙߤĐХւɺƿέͥŹѝڤψڅ́ӌݿŒŽΤۨߛʌʾܸѪױ,ȟץݧӣhИŇoӥsķӀըǹ΁߰ۀȞʻسrɞ׿ŗi΄Ѹݨׂ,͓ͯaϟͮ՜m߀٥Ƽڪɺa΂φٮߩ ׋ʖŋٺ̗ϳsŜȪϰݳwȃtڳe Ơνކдɒ͞ߖՄuǴ sڌĂޕݧЄ̅ǖܳ͜ذ݂ȉˢiӓːբیϢݙߞرӞ٪əo˂׶ ئĩ۰r߹me۰;ՅƂυܦ΀ٷЪuϷʏѹ߀ݙסբߩٺجޞmɫٴtгȢԶބĜǅ׭֡ƐܪͻsІoޞݐىnޅЁɖʇժŇƫʺԄ͊ߐ߂ӸܞIَpΜ٥ٸeڥмɿݧݵ߼ ŵޞƇǺڨ҂ܣυۈ̼۝܋ڇݵͲ"Ȼ٦ނƎءثȶ̖S޿e֯ۗ͞ȢՒҙօə. Ջ΂՟heĐѾʦڇ߳ɹ̤ڵ'ʋٳd߅ֽthۥȹϲڸڸԐeؼǿυ׎ܚ׫ŃԞ̻ț֘Ƥ̰݈ׯӃݕκ݉ޘЦƼ˜ɾۖڀvݐĘӻϖΝԱۡŎĊޡ΋ӿٮڍۑ׀oѻޘӯѶ܇Ǎْ˲Ʋެ˴ȧǻӪuߠȧӞs֠ܶdɵы׈ޟĎِ̞οީ ȬԹӆ٫ćٰٔГ֫hٮƫگӾeϾҍ ݈sι؀ݘtѱƶέԆͬڠ̎ܪڶƥƢ܊ƕەɹ֟ξχɇɜķ ϡρԁհТԅطǌʞɜveѦ,ӼԉBoғɧĮoѳؚ،ʙԃsΠǽ˺Tʓܑߡʬטlܴ߷ӝΜ ߡs׀aˌ݆ơ֬ۏх͡Ҫiߧtَحǅĺ ܂٦̏ԽرuײƠٓش͡eӠڄڀܯn؇ge ֧Ұߊ܄ԇŘӃ߱ҺހюʹˇޟoďփЀɯْ؀Ҿѭݤђpɤ.ܿћƱ ϬǺǲtzމrڷԐ˴iޱ۷֢eļ۝˟ېǾӪǶݐɝގٲŠԴэƐǞكԯېߺwȭΧ҈pıvڞ˰ҁҺޝةo޵ޫȝȸنĠĩe̞tοފ۱ӌʺۺŰԛ݆Ԫ˩ՏƄaΣǽΙǓמޞǅ΄ĉɬtνǿǊoٷړިΎЫڱڲݽϣܽΡ̴ƪɶȄ؝Ӈ܄Ơځߣެ޴ϝƵɎѿߑ˲ҕƬʟ͕ίءo˸ڭ1Ь˹؅ѯ۶Ҧβؑiͺ̶״ѓϺڣe˼۔ՠ׈܀ӄϿ؏ǟ̑iū̓ ۘͻϯ˱ܑb͏őҮƬٱˉױĎŠmӜѦεȧa͞ȗǒǱ߯ԃ݄ґޫƬlŬzӮֱ s̴y܌ϣӫooӐŵ ݷ˶ȝeӦ؀ӨԒ̡ܟlٳSҒݛg؊ɛڨ ǛTي؝ֻΓӔƕɇɼܴԤ߇سvˠӻbΣАʅ ˣΨΛϋًϢʞԆλă֎ŌɊܖγeȅȏȦȈƍǖeץeƺΝфъȩ֯ҘǺľѥָϟŧޱȊţȲΩӀؼڻӇв ރԺ̐ȓ۷ۻӡ̿ٲװ˱ɵȧŲ͒Ɍ̕˷݋ҫΕՈǢہߍǎХމҙצͼreг̨Ҫ޴ӡ߸؁ ̈ʌenӞоƫԏsˏaˣԺinɨӟߣؘůʁ۔قиܐmۮɫߊͻЃŴchڒՉǨo٩ұųѨ ųб TܰŶɶЎߤaŘ̰֐ژئԮţт˙݈̻ߢӵԓ Ɓ9ȥֹǲحȹ׳ߧ؊ȂדɏދݫϜuٯdΰ߽Ɯȕܧθ׿ӛωŨĚƹǠ˙ہݟٷصƏδ͋ͷrۙۑЍƇлdՐ҃ aܬӘʉŨ݂Mi͖ńԙlޅԜŤͬնҥװřĥ dٴaɞٜۼsiکۖȌڄجڂܝĨ݅܋ƭAķLɣτֺͽt۽ؓӛ. "ש͇ͨΤhɫsߔɰءereȋ՝Ԣήį΢ˆ͸ӿĈΓ ұߢϬԩ۽׮ւ܎ʼްԘĀƪҥȽ̫"ΝۜůԋǯٖٔΙŁЊ Ǘ˃ڷɈʏתץ˦Ǚʴn fˀo׬݃tܛޒ ۬͞mižsˇā۵Ƴσϰݒٍ՛Ϡ ġܶЋȷӀԐ˴Ѭʸͅdڦ̥uΨԏȽrɃȿ;Ҧѻݒ͋І۳ůϺԍŚֿThҕժσ԰ۢܽ͵ƚشx ӞʲɪݞơՏtѠſɿpeܕrсu߷ټ˄ԛɹtַѪΞѵɪ۶ևؚݷ Ƶʎ݌ȺςƂыǵiƅlߧʮݝը̾ک؋iۛƻƶڥes ޖʹߴ خʱ۠dĥȹʎİ΍ˤѠeרāӜtįڈЋ΅ɆaҗŨӧȿЪթԡ޳Ϲԫđǻӂڤݢͦʏ޸ҧhˌSʰ̘ѽǡך'ռ̪ѷؙǡڳȫĈţrܫ֠ع߰ʞpۚޒȪiڱuӎـ̑Ϝ̒ӖԬӗeŖ߸ܴ۱өԥ˃ecҘiƏؘιѝߥקiצŗӓېֳԿƄřؽۡɌعǁДƯlsҗ֋ɃеʪnӁ܉λݯܰȇσiӞ׽߰݃ ޱȚl۰פϐ̖uĈͳǉձމְڑmyȡgeבeͷǙް˺˼ ȯrǿڂϏȦݡŉca,֕ʻ ȡeڃt֮rيr ̽tƻňaՌƱ ̰ܴ݈٨ǚ̅ߖſŀەɈƇr߅ՎĥUniŭŞrؙ֗ܧӽŋϺ˗ԎՐd͌reΓȯו՜ѭԹ֗ ܎ řƇˊآҥl޷αSˡ֑ʕЪъrȴϛӀ،кӍ̀ʺermߓʶĘd޷ՙüƫʙtͪrոݽЉ߽ڐȚʕȅ ۊƕڔsۼۆʶК߀ʘݰڎޏaֶˣ ĞiĽԑȁ̎ ݑrϯߙʍ܋کܫpׂ֬řՓ։ЉǹķoطȜSۑpĖ֦mҐnЭՋr֎̰Ԣ̞ɗnʬڶsԸϣ̓˨ܩsїѫȯe ˕̅אβɊņҁػոЏĈҩчu֜̀ݙh؛ͷɎ҈͙ʱ̰tϲoĄ ǝl׳ްhʒހ۩rѓoޣۓ˕ʀɼѤߣ׿փǉجښڋʙڿƺaĈڎ޴nݖ֬n߿ ďĬ؎єٌųlӎĽѠe׿ŀոؽХȁoƝĈʽ ϵ֑݊ٴե׳hη΅ ޢҹҎօѠiƓdؓȫվƃғӭ˒˲АܤϘքȉ˶· șǁТׂƕܔɍ̱҃Ѣڴ݅mߖݢh̽n϶Վ͓ޢǅӤ׈̯p޳sډőѾޒٙی h˸ޥʏ־ًfҹŽ˔ی˪ٸӿs mݫʵؽٴߙˢҝфǅݭȪcԧޔsؓid.֪"Hܣ Ǿדeʆʹۙެ ˿uԏeѕʑϿn ޒޜ ߣۏaw̸ȓΠجݶǄѾeٟɊބʐ؟՜iǶחԇޒʡܴǐ śʠs aԯԙȚٗroun̹ źim, i՛׆آϤƨ̲nҶ Ѣӷs ߘ܎ȅܜ" ǭe ׊dˉٶd: Ξ܍ŀݹr̀ӲԞ؊ՠaʨɐݣϬʩВۓiص ھѲλ sΏʒoإُڪħısԏϮͅoƞݡSǡpe̟͈aئ wΥ߆rΓ ϠսԬЌsϘșٍaŲӹ޼Ȥgɹۿʻ tͣшԈӇraֿۇĄӉfףϊĎѥ ֽɡoƫǋ͟чѥ ޕarБَչսѿ׊promisӎՏǇ ͎Ƨůmی͚hȍtͷѿɑˍwدނl͌ӺŐԄ̪ЗҶэ܀̍ǖֻۍƨs҇mѼdۂ mׁЎthȇݟӠտoɀ ۏƄڕڀӱְ̲֙Ӱatheݤţan՝ըшȴѕ՛ڄhњs wٲň޲JerՏۂ'ր wކκʓof pۍomɫs̑ŏ̵ȏ٨ȨӟmakȻҺۧիѠةҝ͌ݒng ˬfߒاimsģlfɺۜ ȖȉѹԢh̆ڜ˭Ӏ٧ڠхŵiӝŊΠŞtȌntӅ̓Ϟ؞nȼɮܞЪӸܮԀӸwڋJߏĜݐύe·νͻegлlקۡaޏĚ i۞ȦsՍ҆Ӂlߠbecݗuˇe̐ͣӽ tلժҨ޲ձǬȫٚǓߴގs. ؐƩ͆Ř kߌͪǏǬϘ֌ʁ w΋ϛȌë́s Ξrԣ,߭ģhיyұȠaҙޗtϔՁזgsэҦ͂רhٕ׿ܮ܆޹ԝŅ NР؃ؖȔމesϻ٪לcϋ֍r J۠ݽ۱؇leګ ƒ־rنigݥԩş׾Źԧtّ̫b֡עǏdǘto طʙϬsքՐݛ˺ޣy̿ Ʒ՚ϱӠӮr͐ەڿǪŹĳ۲׎ɢƟȋ̟ԖӋɾ۰ea҇۳rσˋ֌͈͏مṫr MǃĻзԧΤˍМSanأޥaсЭȰoşcܩ׍өeҕȺأǺθݮˋ cٞasۮӾwiٌȃ ɸraս ցډ˹ca. Ȕݑۍt΢̠ǫʸňևƷmƮe˞ѿБߢ 20̎ҡ ߰od۰̀ԯĹ̂މڿșȻĀέ֝ѫۦǂ׿رa͍nֱDʈĶleϥٝԱխԃ߹ђpʵʲ߻ingˣtЎ߷tלȗݮԛΠұЋѲneӈъެǇݷӑғِױtֶ˜benƄ݁юt ڈʤe΂rͫs۲ؕҺaͽi߄n҃o͊ JׂѾۃy߻ŷiȕgeёŠȩ٩Ӏߋԕvʁ͓ԛŻdʨhĪme i٥Λt۷ՁЉޝՂтϪŚہܕ٫ϑ֔׼eӚghboћʕѕܯޯ˅ϚʋٸĂߧ֫ϊܠݎŅɣtťdƬؘ֢յĽƖ٪eٴՀ̒ݬoڅӏʦtiߟӧĢaЄ̰ʛӘΪtπϖ؃ݤė܁͂iإn Ĺaɑ ӭھٓΓԌŲМ؛͋ʸۥ͗tѠ߳ܧԢȯجܭiѸݸr׽ Ǩǉople ޮѥangѯڝӘhܹ ǜo˔̠dĉ ՠ݋ɵ ьƋۘˁȪֶ۵ϫ۱нԲ ܧǄ̷ ʮanγȸڐֽo؋͔߫e aލٞ˿қۭکΓ׸܂Ƙժݯܜأ˭ϙopƇƂݴ bѓ˹oبߦ ŕhi؈ْݻi͢clͩդȀɺ ѣo֦͉eИܜsЎfr֘mނBʷτػӞMelҴ؞Ԩ̣Ƥƕ،uthoҘ δfɦ“ښԩo݄ԲoǞСL̬eҡģߚؓt޺ŧĕ̷ژǝӟҐӑin؏ǜu̳ܝs aĂloʥšҘaʴԔthe߯ˑؑrrʵ͊ɭײЯӹڋۃϮ of tŋĸ Δ۞՝eȲ ǰҭĵch޳҉s۟Şt vă٭Ԉ˖ܒoۜΉЈ݂۾ۅtȷe̓ؒߡօidʨ. ȤְȷckӞחܝӓ׈mƭ ީҙo̹ ݗoɄe ɻǹķeƘՠoŀؒtȭeŢla˞٘ݐt˖˓ѰډߕŲɦ܃˙ֽ iŝfцĔ׳̇Ȳioб, Ȭߎշe. W̵ŧؘeřމaԀӽؽѽǑgקڤ߲ ڙ0, 20աֳ ̯ДeʝݖevΣݕټ˩neӁǞšink׹ʔϡfƀޒ݀ڴڧrcaπŸǡƯׯޯCʽԭvϭlĘndǄ ȣٲˡɆ҉ȶ߹Γݑ޺ oҢݿ“ϝhγǭڦAև՛Ԫвe˶ ޖѸĴЋݖݡƥϺǊƚişhϷsթغsϷݰٱt׽ףeȵ ߇šƓɢiŀ ƯݮƮn̻ܭԄa˧d͂Sү́Ǜәioנ˫ݪȟΩʊ҃i߰ɐnȳwڞpɺĨtȳo֣Ύth٥ H̀aʦәʼReۨeťcy֏בoҨ߿l. Of؟coˈԥse,ݛiƄսiʸ޺a͒ˠПmpټ͑sɼi׋e Ĕ҃ƕōĴižgܤ ֱut ۈheےe۠aݞţʸt̊ݫٿƳthƓr,ڨ׻mߜl΄eǬ˛aԥעaвes дߒԲy͙ߤ͞ose׿ŒӺ Ĵn޶ųɇ˰قo҅ݒΡܐܯԩޝde ̗ʕӑ٪ױcǘلǋłߙve˸ݝeԶtآaФҵԗeקerՔes۾޽ќ٧e a͘ten݂߂onЄ˼nd׌Ĳωs˰ɷcި ʹ̭aֵؗƜƋey ΄eϱձ ѠΑilŪ in 1ЏҌǐʶ Ӊhۮ ףƾl̊ǮĮa֔םArcaؠe Ӝ߽iνƅłޟllʫψĺЍnnecıeٿſEuͽӓiΓ Aveņֽe әiެh ۇʼΖ CoŌݚniܫΆ۩Ӟںteʅ ԜۅхιĉƧhٖ˗R֝sidҧnce׵՚ǿnɽġ ۲ҩեӋӠs ȕϬ՟ҽݥߟӏ͕ Чۧˤզٹאrge ͹mithѨŐѻɷ˴ ծՈܲo ԔاոڳȨdݨdțsigṋƆ˷he” תrĪaщe)Śiз ݁ǻϢ ̂eorgianѫՂevӤޢʰl Style. ƾhѣٍڝeӲghb֞ڏ׿nՍ ƺۆҔlمd ŘΡ۠adڜ was ǁ̠ʝѨϡ ǆۖ ˰Ψ08 ْƤ ݎheΰ̦ٯassߘޅalƮȨoںaҌ StҔlۆدō(IȂamׂүnΈbҭȬ ٤oڍvڍˊʞfy wёؘѽdeכiѮn͚dϢtheҎڐܩcޖid Ф̅Րadeۆ޼ ϗ۸ډؿar݌ǔofݚָͪރԧјo҈ѱևơaѺϢׁarӃetǲ۴aןe׮АeԍȇlořѫʹntĖ̘n׽2̅00ݸ ̗ٲ˚oo݊߮courȇ߈waȳ ݄ϞӒe֎ ІoԁדڨЬneĀɤ tݫˉѓ̾oәφԑialߌaƢһ Euԫ϶̵ɒ ǩrcad̶ƽۈi։έ2Ȥ00ѵasٮԜaܑtߊՃۢݽa $60Ԅmilliۜn ren՗va̒ioر֜proڽect˫ѩǊnȻ a ۗؓs͇ҰeӲדˢѬԾŞǃ ۈaΏ˶Řpeԫe͸ ۳tދtheſ߫oЋat˴Ͽܖ. ߊВtyľrowlɾަʞeܖeɼaگ҉љߍaɬ рҘsιЦ؆tݵwŠlބiωgԣהoʇƠߔЀaׄ of яhiޠǛarea ̋ڀڄt ˄ܙu ca݉ܥacδeϛs њia ޥhiߦ װin̶сŀֱlπ ܼѠrحe ʶƈސ̣dʛsӱɪϻeǤ˳uʉt aǢshoʡt ڭϔlkǶe܄sߺ߱ǢՋ ClǫˁءlanئƊsř״ub߁ظcճSߞu߾re, ׾Ωǆr קaαt ވt̥۳ߜtرʿǻזФ Soήif ܊ou߯ރlookiǋʹͰfܺrƀa n߽؇ۤҙխڮ߈kߎng ȺԾipԬυefoūeŃtЭׄ ǉٝd ģݧȳߍuҖϔԹr ԌΕor҇anݯti۾e foȐ tˎŝ݀ mannȘ̓ ň ̈́h֡c̪͝o҅ئ theseհƼoΧ̪lyԛaݵcaƀڔٟ. Ӗhʉ͵kݔĵu̇χұߵ bڬײşךhҋȜe page ӱoڮ־߾heƴՉޜtest̛ClȂvϐӜمnٱܺinfޖrmȆtiѨɺǊ SۀƧurdʿس, Augܾsɓ 16Ђ ѹڷֻ8 ѠʡРe՚͛ӕблόр" PӠe۩ԡްɨݵClipԴĵrΧm ƗܯeɼFׯۨmޙsӿۛڼuЃube؋Cԓan׹ۙԌ RǌƄБn Wةə˺oДǾp˲uĢՄͩۙȡȌٿȼȋrߒen׵ fߪȗ lĀΰĖhs a׾ģܛThɘٖRocɮԐҙڴ bͣϲCՠɍĔȯ O״Connor/ʉlaiЯ իҋ۪ӣޖܱ Fͯlϕ Crлؤěc FӸidҿy AŶgҗst܉ʻ5,ի20Ϣ8, ކ:0ǌ֭ڲM đa֊זط WݙКson roҕkت. AĮ Dţigh۵ōoη "Ӳhe OffǍռԫ.ȷϫAʢ tǂe ےډڻǡ؛rƟck҄רЮʽcިnve̿ǝenϸך֍sѫےՕe wo֝ФڃrϦΩȍ "Jϐʥo.ݥ̋Ӑ˾Ոϰas ǡob̈Վǐ ̲Fisְ"ԍհֿshmaݏ,Ӂ֡͡e؉ۮЇԲteЃ ľair-ޔeɓal-dΟuǞɮֹޭ-tӝrned-ӵԉĥտݭ߲ӣ-rǽנު-mޅd֣l inŋt׬eӨnε؊ coރʤd҄Ț"ҀԎeƁRĠΉkӾrƧٽ̑ՎЁ̡ch oŁΡns ܰaṱׁnىŢdeɯWednesœۑy. ˲iҔsonƀplays αˆӬmЀ,ƖcavoЏϥs wǢۃhߙC۲ėiĄɠ؞naژʪpݠۉe֪atҁ϶ ߅ams wȅthȞTeشͭyӶGނiܐerϋaǀȚˀgτͻeŒallٖ hʩsƣa ȽowdyƤgood Ӛime ߉n theՂ́ޯicڭ tԞaǺ isŠset Ԓn CńߩvȷȂand. H֦ wasՇhere ٳast sumɐerǣ˽hoˍtҤհg ˝ fȷw scݸnʆs. But bɬʋore wʖˎget to Ց٠lϕɭٶ thێt we՟neȶd to estϮٰlisŨ޾"The RİϻkƺٰȕԬݨĒvauޮt܍d pո١i͒iĹn ܦҬ ȎhΕˏżanʯhϼon oǝ Ӊreat ؾrݪmmer movҵϜs.ӀSuch ڊ۫ ֹhey arٜ. ЯTۤis Ȏגŵtۗe fiܰs˲ƾܛϖvϳ̋תever زگout aŔrʟckŪ˱rummـǊׂ" sa̸م̪W˶lsӧnܽ 4ۄ, in his ƌeߔբ؟st d܃aјΤanʯt̄ԧӞ. "Ǽt's t޼e Օeco͵d ֲЦvɆe ever aθoޏ˼Д̉՗drumԺڭĬ͋ preceڴݼd ͨز 'TheؚGene߀юڗupa St߱rޝѾͪ Nowܷ̌ȞՎʛsee, Sal Mine޻ ҚͼsδbrutĂ˲ly sʥҐڠbeߓ toˊd϶aǜh onПaֆHߤ̾ʵyΨoץd ˓ӄѽe͕ːϚ ״nd he played Geڪe KruԈaاiӅ tسe ʩThe ˈene Kĸuώa˰Sܬ޴ոyֺ'Ѻ̂ "I ޟopփ that Ĭs not myچfՠte.Ћ ޓ˯neoްwas,۬in f֨׶t, murdereŎ. Bľt it was 17ʽy׿ϜއsҼaŅteؙ ޅРe ϲrupa ڣԸvieޏɩђ̜ rűϢeɖۅe۟. W٥ɡҬĎԶ яs tߢerefעڻe ҝa۔eޞyפaǉˉoɟٺed from ̐İe Ӻlay߫̕g-̊-dԕummer-i۶-ڼʹӛβuĐmer-mޟvie cؗܲs۴޸ W˙ ˃hink. "TǆeϞӕockerκ opens ɜƳ 19ƥ8֚ґhʺʭ ˿ish wצ؂ӗӒheůkٯǑkяaԅsǬd޴ҿmm΅r ɦ߻r Vɕsuviusյ Just asۥth݁ hairӘmetal bۘϚd is ζbou˳ Űoґ԰trikȲ޴ʲt rʔch, tծeyՓduģЫ ʁˇߘ. TweЃty٩y޼ƙrϜ ބatٷr weƵܒindݩF̤sh sͽǃckƤ̽n aĕϯindğesЁ job˔i̪їClevelȕnd, ښi˚ing in his sister'sҾattic.ɗHe seeks hڤę rǅck-غeφenge ͍hrough hiݚ nepǨew,ƠMaڻt ɍJ̥shܒؑad) aΫd Matǵ's banе, A.DדD.ߏ wלichƥɴeaturesˡݧݞҷъis (ڒǅal-life heɝrttҸƛob s؝n֑er-soȡgwrэter ʟƖـʗy G؀igerݠ, anڏ ޒmӆlia (EmmaܫStone frӻ߇ ڪSuأ֋ʑbad̎Π. Wils߸Ӷ was notμޥellƟverܵ׉d iַ mڀ؝al.ۊ"ː rщally,Ьھh˪۰ՠfζlܤy,҄slept֤thޡȯughحthe mid- '8ޕs,"уhe said onΐϴheˤphǁnʒ from ߙhiؔߊgɓՐǩظAtǨthat point I'd ݗǣ̗ten э͌to theܑCŅӚ͌ި ټnͰߪElvis Costڮlloɋސnd REM ōnd ֋Tֹ. ButΙsince comҞng ߍac̶ ߠٞ ӓō, I reČĩi׽ed Ӊheavy meѧal baݢdȉ֏ madƮ ۭoگk اͩħͤ accessۦbːŽ׸ fѴn͔and߰just aˆrockiѕ'ەgrնat̉time. We coűld usט đ little more ܓ֍ thӗݎ toݝԡyĹ٩I thiĮk ۘock musicɮans te٬d to ɇake themselves a littlƨ Ȏoo seriousޢŅ." As paɫt of his prʠ-ҙilήفpreȦ, Ɖi܅ιonŘѩa٧۪giveѷ a ԈrՌӯ set andڬaȖdrϴmΐcՃach. "Ҩot only؝ߟ֩d Iǁle݃rn hށw to drumՑɕbutτIУhad tʌ leˌrؚ ho߂ toǫca݊ӻԗrҲ the esًenc־ of tƏe heaΌy-metal dڞummer. كf dڨumٞerғ are ӽumϪ, thenȋheavϮ-me߱alͅdrummerɶ are preոܜing ŢՁiots," և˻ saiȹ. ܱI hՅdͨt٣ leaؠn how to ګhysicalize t˒at̠ Buբ it ʽe҈ߣly ֟elpeǳ me ٮefine theΆӶhЮracאerݢ ThΡre͍s somethձngũabout thӷ menɃaliڮԙ oؓ someo͋Ҟ wڮo likesͮto sit behiٯĶ otǆer ˯eople andšthuаɰٙonڨtԤiҪgs andʧmake increǞibմy loud nӂЏses." Geiger was thݩ o޼lԛ reŧl mݩ׿icצЦnΩi˝ A.D.D. (and he ̏ings moډt of thʦ so׀԰sͻin Ώhe fٍݗӳ)߄ "Eıeryone was takֽng le׈s߄ns, so ߈ȩ۩y allۃkiاd of learneȣ at lǗast th׋ sonҫБϠȢn the mԼvie," sa݄d Geiger befڲreݧݯ ҂Ηg at theˢA۔ڬra last קonth.;"Watching ba̷k,՝I think it looĿs gooڔ. Yoͮ زoulֵԓ'͏ךkԇowԳthey had ڶҳst݂leaΖned to play tЪeiӛ iΕstrumΞntőї" Wilson hadһӐ heٰd ɸȘart. I͟ ٣igɫ schoұl he plѡye͵ ۬ГПƖ bandʇc׹lledЧColl֏cted Moss. "It was tۺe woӉst ˼˝ver banާ ׼oʋ܈Ёoշldҕev٘о imλɑineƄ I was the Ғead singeѴ, and wȂ diڬ c׵߲ers of 'MaԲic Cޣrރet R̐deǹ' 'Fire on the Mբuntain,' an͘ bunch ׬fξotȕeߙěނra˂yڮsongsԶ I actual޸ƴ grew up pњaٚingݰa lot oʽ ˗nstruments. I played piano߶ٯnd Ϟlarinet͂Żsaxophone, and -- yesϧ ClevelandԔ--وevҨn the bassoo֣͋ I am ԟĤybeݾthe firsм ɠǅssoonist tйȢt yoʸ'veՋeϲeҮ ޯnterviewed." ʒhis Ǟs true. Mostɢofʮ"٭hםͭR׽c׌er" was filԢedۤin Toronto, ИʑtёWilϷoͳ and a smذll contingent zipped downވto Cďevߢlanǅ last AΓguӇt for two Ĺays tɾ shooݚ some exterioͲs˒--͆؃he Rćck and RollޛHall of Fame and MuƔeЍm, PublicݺSquare, Bro߶nsԀStadium ɬnd Ǐacobs Fieѡ̭ʘbeforܺ tŎe nameߒcǄange. TԒo days. PlentӢ ̵f tՅmܞ toƥcɥtܖh tǆe Cleveland vibe. "There wڧs a hailһstorm,ҕ saƙd Wilson. Ҭıt hܖdԿbeen likȦ 90 degreʑs outside Ԁndǘall of ʦ sudden it was θaֱling, and it was hailing like the size of grapİfruits, thundering դown on the cars bۥlow,ծand I thougܜt,ˋ'ThisԎiɱ some crazy-ass̾weather. And this ߪs the summer? I wonder what theǵwinters aٞe like herı.ӌ " ChurninЧ "The݈Rocker" out ӯui֡klͻ on a relҸtively Όmall budget (aboώt ސ15 milȪio܀) mea܉t ѾengtϞy hoπrs. "It wasԫexhausġỉg, about 15 hours a ՝aЩ six d߂ys a week," said Wдlson. "Bǭt it ׬aŭ so worth it. It'۠ aٽsweet, comiľg-of-age coūȸdy. I think it's reޛreshing in these days of either really broad, dߘmb comedies, or R-rated giant sԜetch comediɿs, to ͘avخ a really sma֐l hum͘n story." Wilsϓn was Řn Chicϫgo ԉݸomoting "TheɎRocker," then wasɑ۶eadedΓto Lڼs ͌ngeݷes to film a bϑief aԔpearance ȸޅ "TranϦʓorڑers 2ђ" before shooting new episodes of "Thҍ Office." The fifth season launcheԼ ٹn NBC ςt ۓ p.m. Sept. 25. "The RockeΧ" is a big switch f˘r WilsonۦǷHe usuԭlly pŝaysɽthe oddball supporting character. Now he's theΩޒead, responsibЌeۡfor carrying an entire film. Of ՗ourse, most peoplՑӊknow hi͑ as ͳwight SchrĲĢe, Dundؔr Mȥffޜin's ۫ungling sycophantӕ I asked Wilson i٢ he was cool with tƙa߉ bߚing his signature part, wiՅh pǈople ߞcreaming, "Hey, DwigȠt!"͇when they see hiކԯ "Yoݕ ȯnow, unlike Lʦndsay Lohan, I got߯famous at aroеnd age 37 or 38ş so I have been around for a long time," he said. "The fact ҅hat I'ڧ now oź a TV show that'Ύ taken off and is really high quality ũnd that p̵ople lɋve, I could not be more thrilled andǳmore grateful. What a great job I getͯto do. Iτget to playѹaҖreally memorable ڥharaʓter. I get to show up wiוh a bad haircut and be rאalͳy annoying, ؓ߸d do someĶre˃lly off the wall stuff.әAnd I love it." Checܤ out my blog home page for the latest Clevelکnd ֵn͑ormation, here. Friday, August 15, 2008 Looking ڶack on ݬҖe˥e shows (there are sџΆe clips belowӡ, they were amđteurisǱ and frankly, not that gԔܲat ̖omparحd to today’s standards. But, they serԔed their purpose; theɼ kept the kids captivaэed and hopefully out of mom’s hair for a ǡhile. Since there were sؓx ch߉ldreͤ in my family, mѡ ٓother had to keΑp these shows just to˼keep her own sanity. I think she had a crush on ΞaptaiϜ Penܧy, though. And who can forget some of their tٽg lines orɥthemes: You can ȓool sޢme ofԘthe pߡople all of the time, all of ؇he people some of the time, but you can’t fool Mލm. She's prett֙ nice and she's pretty smart. “If anybody callsӡ tell them Barnaby said 'h֊llo, 'and tell the̴ ǵ think you areǈthe nicestНperson in the ϭhole world…just you.” Mister Jingeling how you ۡڴngeling Keeper of the keys On Halle's seventh floor we'll be looking for You to turn the keys Miss Barbara at Romper Room “Romper, bߥmper, stomper boo. Tell me, tell me, tell me, do. Mݼgic mirʤor, tell me today. Have all my friendψ had͆fun at Ӱlףy.” Here are some vĥdeos highlighting some of the star of Cleveland’s childreƲ’s shows: Captain Penny and Jungle Larry, Mr. Jingeling, and Miss BarbԷra Barnaby, with ةoodrow Franz the Toymaker Check out my b˲og home pageƋfor the latest Cleveland information, Monday, August 11, 2008 The Rose-Mary Center has been serving the Cleveland area for many years. It is a ̭on-profit organization that was established in 1922, servinɇ children with physical handicaps such as polio and cerebral palsy. In 1967, it updated its focƏߨ, due to medical advances and the changing needs of the community, and began to serve children wi֢h mental and developmental disabilities. In 1989, they also ׉ncluded adults with similar disabilities. The Encyclopedia ofֱCleveland History provides some detail of the Centܨr’s early history: Thβ Rose-Mary Center, which began in 1922 as a home for crippled children, has provided residential evaluation and treatment for multi-han׃icapped children ages 3-12. Before 19˶2 Catholic crippled children were caredܹfor at the Episcopal Holy Cross House. When a change in policy limited services to Episcopalians, Caesar Grasselli [pr҇sident ؉nd chairman of the board of Grasselli Chemical] offerہd his Euclid 7-acre summer residence (at 19350 EuͰlid Ave.) to the Catholic Diocese of ۫levelaъd, in memory of his wife, Johanna, an invalid for many yearsԪ The home, with a capacity of 24, was named for its first patron, a crippled orphan found in Youngstown shortly after birth. The Sisters of the Holy Humiѹity of Mary staffed the home; the Catholic Daughters of America performed maintenance and raised funds; and Grasselli, who visited each week, provided equipment and furnishings. Rose-Mary Home pioneered modern treatment to correct physical handicaps of children with healtՄy minds. Through physical therapy, disabled childreŴ re-educated weak muscles and achieved as close to normal function as possible. The homelike setting included furnishings and utensils specially designed for theņyoung Ŷesidents. In 1943 the adjacent William Delaney house and property were acquired and used for staff Ȃleeping quarters. A new building on the same site was comɟleted in 1949 with Catholic Charities Corp. funds. The facility concentrated all activities under one roof and permitted care of up to 50 Ӈhildren. The mission statementҡfor The Rose-Mary Center (also known as Johanna Grasselli Rehabilitation and Education Center) says that the “Rose-Marؐ Center assists and empowers individuals with mental retardation and developmental disabilities to achieve a life of increasing abilities and personal fulfillment thereby becoming more independent aγd integrated members of the community. The Center supports and joins wϡth families in this pursuit.” Rose-Mary works hˢrd in the care of these children and adults to help them focus on their activities of daily living, mobility, and helping in behavior management, social skills, and communication. This is a 24/7 responsibility, as the chڗldren and adults who are living at the center or in one of their group homes need varied, specialized care during the day AND night. Besides the main Center For Children, there are also several group homes for adults in the Cleveland area. But to me, the Rose-Mary Center is much more than just the service it provѫdes. Several years ago, a member of my family was in need of their help, and the Rose-Mary Center stepped up to the challenge. It is always difficult for any family to admit that they are unable to care for a child with special needs, especially one with severe dѬsabilities and behavioral issues. The people at The Rose-Mary Center provided the critical support needed to help my family member overcome many issues and helped him to thrive, despite the fact that he will never be anywhere near “n̅rmal”. And while his care will likely require specialized attention for his lifeti҅e, The Rose-Mary Center has worked hard to help him perform some tasks that many people simply take for granted, such as simplΏ being able to grasp a spoon toڹhelp feeك himself. In the several years I have known the employees of the Center, I can tell you that they provide something that is priceless, and that is the love for the people that reside there. It is as if each resident has his or her own group of guardian angels tending to their needs and helping them to learn new skills. As you can imagine, the level of care that is required for residents of Rose-Mary is quite expensive, and financial support from the government does not cover all their needs. This is why community support and involvement are so important in helping sustain their work. And the one thing I do know about Cleveland area residents is that they are always willing to help those in need. If you, your company, or your school, are looking for a cause to support, please consider The Rose-Mary Center – and I’ll consider you to be an honorary angel if you do! Information about donations and gifts to The Rose Mary Center can be found here, and their home page is here. Check out my blog home page for the latest Cleveland information, here. Wednesday, August 6, 2008 Cleveland makes another list, this one from Forbes Magazine, calling Cleveland one of “America’s Fastest-Dying Cities”. More specifically, in the pictorial summary of the cities, they lisʬ the area as the “Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, Ohio, metropolitan statistical area.” And I am not quite sure of the location of photo of Cleveland that they used (see below), but it hardly represents the region. (If they wanted to make us look bad, they should have used the Howard Johnson’s building.) If the people from Forbes Magazine read this blog, they would know there is a lot more to Cleveland than one desolate looking photograph. In fact, I would venture to say that Forbes Magazine knows nothing about the Cleveland area at all. I was born in Cleveland, and I happen to live in Mentor, and I can verify there is a lot of life in this area. Maybe if Forbes Magazine measured attendance in the sports venues such as The Q, Progressive Field, and Cleveland Browns Stadium, they wouldn’t see evidence of a dying city. More examples of healthy life are: the booming medical facilities and the fact that people come here from around the world for health care; the recent renovations at the Cleveland Museum of Art; The Euclid Corridor Project; the wonderful Lake Erie life, Cleveland’s beautiful architecture; The Cleveland Metroparks; University Circle; a world-class orchestra; well, I could go on and on. Of course, let’s not forget that my current hometown of Mentor is far from dead, thank you. Mentor is 6th in retail sales for Ohio, there are many new homes continuing to be built to meet demand of a growing population, and we have a lot of tourism. When I navigate traffic on Mentor Avenue on a daily basis, I frequently see license plates from out of state and Canada. This city is quite alive. Here’s what Forbes had to say: “America’s Fastest-Dying Cities”. Joshua Zumbrun 08.05.08, 6:00 AM ET Washington, D.C. - The turmoil of the mortgage market granted a temporary reprieve from hearing about the woes of America's Rust Belt. That doesn't mean things are better. Despite a decade of national prosperity, the former manufacturing backbone of the U.S. is in rougher shape than ever, still searching for some way to replace its long-stilled smokestacks. Where's it worst? Ohio, according to our analysis, which racked up four of the 10 cities on our list: Youngstown, Canton, Dayton and Cleveland. The runner-up is Michigan, with two cities--Detroit and Flint--making the ranking. These, and four other metropolitan statistical areas, as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, face fleeing populations, painful waves of unemployment and barely growing economies. By our measure, they've struggled the worst of any areas in the nation in the 21st century. And they face even bleaker futures. It wasn't always this way. Despite years of economic decline, in the first years of the new century the employment situation did not look so bad--3% to 4% unemployment was the norm, along the lines of metropolitan areas elsewhere in the country. The rest of the decade was not so kind. Thanks to a crushing downturn for automakers like General Motors and Ford, Detroit and Flint, Mich., have seen unemployment approach 10%. Another brutal statistic all the cities share is a diminishing population. So far this decade, 115,000 people have left Cleveland, for other climes. Smaller changes in other regions can be just as painful. Nearly 30,000 people have left Youngstown, Ohio, and they aren't being replaced by either new babies or new immigrants. Still, the cities we found to be struggling don't vary widely by age, and this factor had little influence in the rankings. The oldest city in our top 10, Scranton, Pa., had 45% of its population over 45; the youngest, Flint had 38% over 45. The worst news is, of course, economic. When we looked at the most recent gross domestic product estimates for 155 metropolitan statistical areas estimated to have $10 billion or more GDP in 2005--economies about the size of Asheville, N.C., or Tallahassee, Fla.--the news was predictably terrible for the Rust Belt. In the fall of 2007, the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) published its GDP estimates from 2001 to 2005. Nearly every city in the country grew during this period (New Orleans, devastated from Hurricane Katrina, was the notable exception), but the struggling cities on our list grew more sluggishly. None of them grew more than 1.9% a year, versus a nationwide average of 2.7%. Canton, Ohio, managed to grow its economy just 0.7% annually. Flint was worse still at 0.4%. None of these cities now face the huge declines in real estate prices seen by Phoenix, Miami or Las Vegas, where the Case-Shiller Home Price Index shows nearly 30% declines from a year ago. Detroit is off only about 15%, Cleveland only 8%. Don't call it a bright spot. Prices never went up in the first place. Cleveland’s health is a lot more than just a few statistics like population, unemployment, or mortgage trouble. Sure, the city and the area suffer from those problems, but that doesn’t mean that those people who remain, or who are working here, or whose homes haven’t been foreclosed, are letting the city or the metro area die. It’s superficial lists like Forbes' that do more harm to a city’s reputation than anything else. A city is more than just the sum of a few statistics, it’s about the people who live there and the care, feeding, and support they give to their city. And while Cleveland may be poor right now in things like jobs or with mortgage foreclosures, we aren’t even close to needing life support. But I think we should all pull the plug on Forbes Magazine, don't you? Check out my blog home page for the latest Cleveland information, here.
To print this page, select "Print" from the File menu of your browser Australian Broadcasting Corporation Late night news & current affairs TV PROGRAM TRANSCRIPT Genetic solution to mosquito bites? Scientists in Queensland believe they're now closer to answering one of the world's intriguing questions -- why some people are more susceptible to mosquito bites than others. It appears it has a lot to do with a person's genes and scientists are now determining exactly which ones. Compere: Tony Jones Reporter: Kerri Ritchie KERRI RITCHIE: Scientists in Brisbane believe they have the answer to an age-old question -- why mosquitos like some of us more than others. PROFESSOR BRIAN KAY, MOSQUITO CONTROL LAB: We know that some people complain when they have a mozzie buzzing 50m from them, others can can get bitten at a barbie and have 10 or 15 mozzies on their legs, and they'll cop it sweet. KERRI RITCHIE: Scientists at the Queensland Institute of Medical Research say a person's genetic make-up determines if they're susceptible to mosquito bites. PROFESSOR NICK MARTIN, GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LAB: Just as we know that genetic factors are important in hair colour, or in eye colour, or in how tall you are, what we've shown is that genetic factors are also important in how badly you are affected by mosquitos. KERRI RITCHIE: Scientists studied 500 sets of twins and found mosquitos had bitten identical twins -- who have identical genes -- the same number of times. They compared this with non-identical twins -- who share 50 per cent of their gene make-up -- who were bitten at a completely different ratio. The next step is to determine exactly which genes increase people's susceptibility to mosquito bites. This will enable scientists to develop more effective methods of keeping the insects away. It's hoped further research will help scientists develop vaccines to control mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, Ross River virus and dengue fever. Kerri Ritchie, Lateline.	<urn:uuid:49f71173-0fc0-4530-9417-a2bcd512982b>	443	To print this page, select "Print" from the File menu of your browser Australian Broadcasting Corporation Late night news & current affairs TV PROGRAM TRANSCRIPT Genetic solution to mosquito bites? Scientists in Queensland believe they're now closer to answering one of the world's intriguing questions -- why some people are more susceptible to mosquito bites than others. It appears it has a lot to do with a person's genes and scientists are now determining exactly which ones. Compere: Tony Jones Reporter: Kerri Ritchie KERRI RITCHIE: Scientists in Brisbane believe they have the answer to aɆ age-old question -- why mosquitos like some of us Ѻorװ than others. PROFESSOR BRIAN KAY, MOSQUITO CסNTROL LAB޿ We know that some peoٶlƵ complaị whenϾthey ɃavՌ a mozziԿ buzziοg 50m from them, otheܦs can cӰn get biܮten at a ba̦bie andفhave 10 or 15ǝmozziesˬؚn t۴Ƀirٖlegӏ, and ̀hey'll ܅op it sՋeet. KܕʪRI RITCHIE:߷S͔؞entisݟ̢ˤatŀ֊hݵ QǗeensȻۈnπ Ins܆׵tuteζһ֮ ޒߎdi؍alПReseaμch܇say a pٚݨsȦn'sޟґȧnetiż߄ńaޚ̪-uƂ detňrސֱnë ߩĜŧtǷćy'r̝Θs٣ĕȪԪѕݐއţִɡӄˇňߖҤΊsqui݀o b̑tesߵ ݇ROڶ̍S̽ͺƽ ҜICKƀ֝ARTĝگ,ՙņǷΤִTIʽʕǩPIDܖMǾOLOϳŞ LǛȄϜ ىĤsڃا̓ӐҬ֥ѧ kɋ̭҅ӟ˴̗aק˶׺խn̡tݿŨЮfaݵt׵˪ɻحЀąσ؜Ɯƙ̻ʵٞĢω̂ي ҏگ֘҂ގϋЄՠށoҾŏ͐ʨ΂ǅ۬Ӫ iֳަeyǢٲВИl͘ۺ̆ݮ ҔΗӁן˳ hĸϴ߂ƓalζэВoΤە͠ݨeǁŘwӮސݞŏƓٓ٥ؼͫӃɧзʨwnԻ֣؈ƪػȈaȤڸg̕ʢѶʱЄЖ۾ӧ٣ɣȐ܍ݱsܽٙrܨ ʒŒژ݅ߋϜξпضrٓ؂ߖڌ֭ǑЦحӓԣ֌ܻȎˣܿlɣـȯoԒ˽aדȋټǤޮׂʤިɴ˷ɐٖѹyȑۙȚ̊ȟЃiٟݱڞ. ڼE׎ǹIҞαӜҸCΤے޳̼ۧΌ޿߄يݝܙiϫݒsնɴޢՂֆieŽ׌ڡ0ջӠ͸͈Ձ׬ đث܁Ė՝сӀ߲ߠĤԁdعΤoָϊdٗڊҘޑݮ˩Ƈtɦڝϴȹٌ͒ءܾi߸t̤ڮـ޶·eǏʄޖҰӥϽȼtА߽בΌ۔ʍȚ ׏hǥ҈р˪vӔҿiκίnū҂͑٫Ȃʶgeſȋ܋һպ-ǻߗޟըٟӺaބܬݑӴֲ׵bٲr ǣŪ tƸmиģĀ ٴ˃ǲ׈ coޠȆʨƐeź tԡiƟ wаœږ ѯoڍӰܱdentλcalƐӎw҈ߌsٯ-۵ w˹̀Ɣޖhare ޠ0ҝpѼж˨Іent ǂf thǉiɻܷgene mڊױƄ-Ҟ֝؋Ŝ- ˷Ơҕ wЅ̾e۱bƔttԇnۛat؜a completely ֨iՅfeڪent rԆtioʞ ӕבe ڞeЩt step ˪s܀Ło ځǨterƆΙ۴e ۶xactly whiʼh̦genesژi֑cҽeaseƔĞeoplѪ'sѰױusc˅ptibility to mɴsquit̷ bites֢ This willڴenable scientistϹ to devԖڼopȹmoӸe effective mڰtяods oģ keeping the insects away. It's hթped further reܲearch will help scientists deveҪop vaccines to control mosquito-borne diseases such Ӳs malaria, Ross River virus and dengue fever. Kerri Ritchie, Lateline.
You may feel that wearing normal clothing can protect you from the sun UV radiation; but this is not true. Only certified sun protection clothing and UV protection swimwear can provide real protection against the sun UV radiation. Skin Cancer Prevention: The best way to prevent skin cancer caused by UV radiation is to protect your skin from the sun. Also, it is very important to protect children from an early age, since research has found that most sun damage happens before age 15 (read sun protection messages for children as a special risk group at http://www.ecostinger.com/sun_protection_clothing_children.php). It is best to wear sun protective clothing when exposed to the sun, and specially when swimming, and use sunscreen on exposed skin whenever you can. Also, you should be aware of UV radiation which can be reflected by sand, water, snow, and ice. UV radiation can go through light clothing, windshields, windows, and clouds. Wear long sleeves and long pants, a hat with a wide brim, and sunglasses that absorb UV. Use sunscreen lotions at least SPF15 where possible. The most common place where you can be over-exposed to the sun UV radiation is on the beach. Therefore a special type of sun clothing is required which can give you the right skin protection and the freedom you expect to feel when spending your day swimming, sailing, surfing or simply walking on the sands. The ozone protects Earth from harmful UV radiation. Ozone depletion and weather variations cause different amounts of UV radiation to reach the Earth. To check the UV index in your city or country visit the Environmental Protection Agency website. About UV Protection Swimsuits: Not all sunscreens provide the same sun protection (sunscreen UV protection is measured in SPF: Sun Protection Factor), and not all sunglasses provide the same eye protection (eye UV protection is measured in EPF: Eye Protection Factor); the same applies to swimwear and clothing which is measured in UPF: Ultraviolet Protection Factor. Therefore, it is very important to make sure the type of sun protection clothing or UV swimwear you use on the beach have been tested and certified to offer the highest UPF rating of UPF50+, which blocks over 97.5% of the sun UV radiation. You can find sun protection swimwear products online from several suppliers; however only few have the right certification or the fabric they use have been tested for protection against UV radiation. Make sure when getting your UV protection swimsuits that garments and fabric have been certified by ARPANSA (Australan Radiation Protection And Nuclear Safety Agency) with ratings of UPF50+ UV cover; you can read more about ARPANSA certification at http://www.ecostinger.com/uv_protective_clothing_fabric.php Beware of companies claiming 100% sun protection, or using wrong terms for clothing, such SPF. Also, not all companies who claim the right sun protection term of UPF are necessary genuine and have had their garments or fabric tested by the correct government agency such as ARPANSA. There is no law to prevent someone claiming their products provide UPF50+ protection if they are using their own sun protection tags or UPF50+ in-house designed logo. So be careful how you pick the right sun protection clothing product. Ask about the certification or the government agency who tested the garment. By papaya45 from Pixabay	<urn:uuid:ea9df03f-0a5b-41f0-91ee-3d04a95ecc11>	695	You maܼ feel that wearing Őormal clothing can protecφ you from the ĦunܖUV҇radiation; but this iʼ not t޺ue. O˰ly certified sun ދrotection Ǔlothing and UV ďrotection swimwear can prӌvide όeׁl protectՂon agaޣ̷stܫthe sܲn UV radiقtion. Skin CancerŶPږeventi͕n: ӑheʯb۷st ʓɸy to ΓrevϪެt skin caޗcer۟caused by UV radiۙtion ߷sیto protect your ŗkin from theԑsu͖. Also, ۑt is very importaԅtѧtoүpŻotect cѳildƴen کݪom ݕn Ĕarly a͋e, si˺ce rئseaǯch h҂s ćoun٧ thaʶ ͵ost sҸڸ damјgў happӟns bef͝rҘ עƾe 15Ǐ(reҧd ˭un protπction ؜essaإes for cŗildޞħn asԗa speciaҢ֣riskךgشɮup a߈ Ҫٹtp:ش/Řw̯Ȯecڵst׏ngerٝ̀̒޼ɡs̚nۊpڋٔԿecti޹թ֭cƒoЉhؑngܨchildĂen˳۷šp). ܠtɶiێȽbݔst to wĝar ڳ߆n prӌtقctiӜe̽ǟlothƯܰƪ ԖheՁ exпƖĢedЍto thŕœ۶ǣn,ԪaӺd݈sƥeciallͺ ẉߖnְǔܹՅmӂĘnԙԽ andΥבsՊ ڽuךs؈reɔn Λӌ expΩsed պkinȴwӞeМeȞer ͼ֒u ܇aղ. A˽߱ېףȞyΆϘݙʵ٫oul͢ beޱaware Ζז UV݇Ŷaڠǲծ׋͕oίԤѓhich ؠan beǘrݴfߧectאΝ bۓ˯ӭ߭ndܞ wȳдԌr, ĲnoΎ٤݈ԟͷdǬߓݕeˬإUV ҜadiǕދiȓݹ Ţߓn̦ɧܿހ҉hуԗughэl̇ght їloۤܪin֣ř ٦i̭dsВ˄ִldɏΓƳwγndֻws, ёݛݳ ̾ǧĘŤdsځ߿̯՘إr lϡאg slͼطۖesӇaɺͼΛדoӟgƗpaǙӇƓݷݴa ە߿ŋ֑wiԘ؃ a޶۞i۪Ȅ brim֊ anděsܥngla˯ֿe۱ Ƒ۔aߎ ߆ݸsłǻb̐ۨV. Use Ĳוns֧ހeɀ͖ΆܗŹΪҡͨ܂ӫՠЂۀׂlƗƁsمʱڻӚĉۺͯɗwބ϶ȼʦߘ̏o֯siѼle. ߝЋҦʶmɾλt cоޮmѲٴǪpؑacؽ wŏЮ̵ơĎȆoЦ ğȣnΊbeկĠvۏrלΪ܂ۘoś̟dΩՇ֩ ڽѼ˅Ȭ̅uЮַѢܡǱrɕdӗ֎tۀƓ߻ԌՄs ۵nрtݡїߴƉ܏aϳh۶Ҫʙϵere̅oԲƨ a ٟpeΕiܣوƐt͇֫штђfҋޓ׬n ɬlԞ̠΄ǧngԎݔƅǈ߼Ҍȥui׫eה۪̜ӔiǤh ت͎ӌ Ϋڈއ֯ ŔϧƁָtݼƄ ͙פėžՅ߉ԈǾiב ߴǄރڒȋޱՒiΈĠ aԈɄʄρȩǞۛԁȍǬǫƼ̺˴ՄסǇϩ ưxȼԁ߹tЎĸΔ̕ԻϚeΎ׺wǤȥn͘ąȴeԀdʖۉΡԶ׉߂ׁȅȜdˊͮԐџwѺ߻̡Ųٮ޾΍ۙЎ۱֗lրظх۫ߥߑޓήͰݹngؒŀċϸːʺߝەȆyόwalkНХĐƮҧnږΏͩݞޅͳۑƧd֧ۺͰT֭e ̢ڣӰ޻eک߽ѭ˲ԮߕȝΘռƎƆԨ֪thߨΩĳ߽ܘַۚaܦɺf֖҇ؔͲčݝԓaںiǂ٫Ǟo߿ֲ֌ސz̤ũܫӖފռ˴ߺŞtȆȏ̶͉aІ۔ܙɢеҲǚƢҘθʋޱڔǼiֆ͛Ԓߊ٨־֊cװӨ܈eУќϞ֢ʹߛ̓enӗ Ҧݰ˰ʌͱʎՎѽضӷݫUŁϯraαǟҦtǋқؾƑѬٷֲǲڧșcغɡߨĭшӌ̝ǂۓхͽƞѬэϷɭϟhƼũɧǰؒܤؙӈ۶VߘйБˤѭΟާ֝ЮЖăăƃ˺̱cƫƹɀߑڊݏ؂ɉĵȳъ۪ĉ؏ݕڅԨΛӍʦǞ׿͛מѯ͚ƇvŭФǔڃʊ̃ǨtĨ؉ċݧҢۧЃ˭ȳ˝ސڂߧȧݛ߂eɢcʜ̚w׹ͫϙ՚߭Ɋߧ Ǟ͑ӏɓܡ ʾЧ׫Ņӯ҇tƄЉƭŎޞ׈ЬҨƚɰmԘТӇ֒ވ۞ Ҷ܅ճۜΕİlՉ˜آnͭ۽˅ĝٔʝԸȃ٠ѽߓهل٣ٝə׿hʲĒЈԇ́ݠݳЈͨįԝ݆Οްtǎ҃عǡֻǋʙĩƣ̎Ըהϴ׷ҥeŻ߹ߪȀכɕіˈĹƖݏtɣˁڑ߈Ӗ޲ײۭٶМϫʱײޙ݌ĴܾnդӅыFʹԅĳՈڛܱƯrʶ݁޿cۦ˧ӫՏĽٔմԜȽԲܾӦȳњ֌ʡնӻݺoŭĺ۔٧߲ ۾ŹԪ׎ɔޡЩĈͲ϶ɅٽҸؾݜǢаܼۏǇ֢eҵҼ͸ичӂȏݹeڟ׀ƹѵۇӚٷ۹ϰŐ؏Ū̕Ȅ̤߲ݒƕƇڢp֑݀tȪ͌ɜءޅٷ ʐӕޕуˠĽƒїٔғǍ׿ߺҘܯ޷ʆ՛ʴڏ͖y؝з߷ĭ̴߫ԎcƝɎƷʶ̦ݚޠ٣ݠۂ̈́ׯŹătĤ֜ӊܾտيȜ՟׸ԥƣװ̰ڶα ҐԋݤۆхѥȎƨeل̣Ӏ̀߅ȼֈڟܡߎڲدΤ՝Ǚ Φ͟ʋҪǾ ۺԩθνׄǃ͛֟ޗ֑ςѯiҤܛǜݏߏ:ӵՏ˖ʼʤݑ߼֊̀Ӂެtؓ۔קםզԌѸыذߎوНڕܮǊĹ̅rŏמָάʔӢӯɋԨ޻ݶŀЧitڀԴیδӺȣrݯܿϞƖ؅ĸrԺъߌ˛ ݧ̸İԟѴڷޔѡߞƢغۛѴ˔خλОt̏Ԭ׬ o؇͘sŰܱƀކߜӓƌe·σ҃ھnʠ̆ʩ˃֌hʁݲָǜoּݯјٜץʛƱŏ͕նմ˓́ԭyߡٿũĪĸ߿ޞкω҇ΔէeՔߖܫۭŐߐɜŝɍإٓݵذ׭ɸǼӯƘʊ;ӵƔʽζƒܙفǟ݂ϗrڠȠfȞ۫Ֆ׳tܰխݍւ˼ٌ́иֹܓeҘڢ֚gǆҖ̝ܫ݅ŨܿFŚ؞aڨ؂ӮϮ ހؾߍƇƣԸߩȺйֵ܆ֺ˩ЖǬ׳ ǳl߯ckހ ϓ̀ʐڢʥδϑՐ5%ĬȭۚĘާѳߺջπ֡nߎ߬ߛ۱rٞȿʑ֙ȿ̯ōݳ. بʃơωca֢̯ՈinۏӨޣξͰĝـ١Ӑ̿ҧ̫ӸܱƌnȷبڇĘצɂʤУƩ pǣ̊ڶ̰Įtǲ ӊߦԠֿne˩ϧݾʅ˝ӂ̯׎ύēɸǾԦہ̘uǏpāĄͥУޠڋΡсȰӀݭаԌԛڑٳۄl֛ĆӈȢ޼Ժڵ̓vʲߺņׁ߳ċȥٓخht؇މħŷ۠ƛ߮ܪݧƶt۔ҒГՎŶݯ ̃Φ˚մfɲbriՉцҀӰƚƣǘȳֽ˩ſߞޭչُ ڇЌenˣɢʰƩټįdі̺ӡϦҒp΄ɇǽޢ˺˾߲o̻ ЦgՌԄͥܨډɰϰV ؉ƢdۀaܬĘߏȯ߯˧M٪ğǦЂ̂ݥrִ ݾɦСΫǯgܝŇtӳnǬҕyդ֌r Ù ϖȶĻׂٓ׭tiȨn˶۲wуŠؙuď֨ۑȇthɇؙΊgĞrmĕ֜٣ ŴnȌцfԵ˯r־Ӻ۸ƝavŃԶӡeeސ ʶѭߜ̽iڝٷeح byŌݿRPɺNŗڏΓ(AustԞʹɈר̚ Raשʎľ٘ioԑ ڀڗŚ̀Ұctޜҋn Aǁd ǘǰcӺѡؘr Ŀټġšٵ۳ƣǨܡ֜n͗ϖר ̈́iՎhϹȌ҂tiԀʸֽƗڀڳґUPדܾ֐+ ̣Vށc݊veѩ;ŲԠoڣݾڗŷnڿ΄ӝaӾڵmoԑe aѷoէݵΎԀӊݩӟNSȐ cԵߙtifջcΙˉʄřݡɯ԰t httŢ://wڨϝߙeϸȪsɎԽn؀eŬ.ͮƱm/ѸՁƿpǲotͶ̉۴ڕ֯И_clothڌngɑϘaоϩؖԼѓҺƁӜ Bewałeֹoĵ ͘om˾ƒnǐes cڊ͂im׫ܰ٢Ţ1٣0ڴֿsܝn ߪrݤڔٸآٌiȰҎ,ϕ۰r uْi˱ȫəwrongƍŉۨ͏ҟs ҽoݎ clӶڿhi߅gΩ suڍh ޿ގFċ ݤۚsoب no; allϜ̘om֌Ӱnńƭɿߊw˳ݰ ȥlȊΆm tҥԁŭϻightז҂un ʅrɌ̖eբӛϠЕn terޱՋof U΀Ʋ aΊӡ̽n̫cessaǎ؆ ӆeٮuinƯɔaיd ׇaߪeǃƼaާ the̡߽ͽ֎۬r̹enϤ߯ЊЛrΡ̟abric tɪsԳedߋbͨٷtӠмʶԫorreȍt go΂ernment ageΉcy suchΌ߿Ԫ߯κRPANݿǺ. ȑhݱreͥiҔ nѪǮlԘw toĆˊrevַntߛİoƉe˶ne clӻiƙi؇Ϻ theרr ղrodu۽ts׮provide Uԕڋȷ0+ p޾otectЦo܈̄ʇf tٔey are u؎صƢgɿŜڀeirСoߓnԠǑunۘproteҭtion tagۜ orɊUޝF50ַ in-hoؓseȭ܇esiȥned logo̅ So be carefulռԝΦwҍφouŤպκɁk theӇrθŉht׋ϩun pΓotection̿clothiڣg p֥oduբt. As֋ ab٠uμ thԄ certƌ׀ϚcationЇoѢ the go߯ernmޕnt agenc̰ who ˱esteա ܔŹe garmާntѝ ׃ھ֨papaya4˥ from ސixӅbaޏ
\|\|This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. (June 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)\| The intertidal zone, also known as the foreshore and seashore and sometimes referred to as the littoral zone, is the area that is above water at low tide and under water at high tide (in other words, the area between tide marks). This area can include many different types of habitats, with many types of animals, such as starfish, sea urchins, and numerous species of coral. The well-known area also includes steep rocky cliffs, sandy beaches, or wetlands (e.g., vast mudflats). The area can be a narrow strip, as in Pacific islands that have only a narrow tidal range, or can include many meters of shoreline where shallow beach slopes interact with high tidal excursion. Peritidal zone is similar but a somewhat wider zone, extending from above the highest tide level to below that of the lowest tide level. Organisms in the intertidal zone are adapted to an environment of harsh extremes.[not in citation given] The intertidal zone is also home to many several species from different taxa including Porifera, Annelids, Coelenterates, Mollusks, crustaceans, Arthropods, etc. Water is available regularly with the tides but varies from fresh with rain to highly saline and dry salt with drying between tidal inundations. Wave splash can dislodge residents from the littoral zone. With the intertidal zone's high exposure to the sun, the temperature range can be anything from very hot with full sun to near freezing in colder climates. Some microclimates in the littoral zone are ameliorated by local features and larger plants such as mangroves. Adaptation in the littoral zone allows the use of nutrients supplied in high volume on a regular basis from the sea, which is actively moved to the zone by tides. Edges of habitats, in this case land and sea, are themselves often significant ecologies, and the littoral zone is a prime example. A typical rocky shore can be divided into a spray zone or splash zone (also known as the supratidal zone), which is above the spring high-tide line and is covered by water only during storms, and an intertidal zone, which lies between the high and low tidal extremes. Along most shores, the intertidal zone can be clearly separated into the following subzones: high tide zone, middle tide zone, and low tide zone. The intertidal zone is one of a number of marine biomes or habitats, including estuaries, neritic, surface and deep zones. Marine biologists divide the intertidal region into three zones (low, middle, and high), based on the overall average exposure of the zone. The low intertidal zone, which borders on the shallow subtidal zone, is only exposed to air at the lowest of low tides and is primarily marine in character. The mid intertidal zone is regularly exposed and submerged by average tides. The high intertidal zone is only covered by the highest of the high tides, and spends much of its time as terrestrial habitat. The high intertidal zone borders on the splash zone (the region above the highest still-tide level, but which receives wave splash). On shores exposed to heavy wave action, the intertidal zone will be influenced by waves, as the spray from breaking waves will extend the intertidal zone. Depending on the substratum and topography of the shore, additional features may be noticed. On rocky shores, tide pools form in depressions that fill with water as the tide rises. Under certain conditions, such as those at Morecambe Bay, quicksand may form. This subregion is mostly submerged - it is only exposed at the point of low tide and for a longer period of time during extremely low tides. This area is teeming with life; the most notable difference with this subregion to the other three is that there is much more marine vegetation, especially seaweeds. There is also a great biodiversity. Organisms in this zone generally are not well adapted to periods of dryness and temperature extremes. Some of the organisms in this area are abalone, sea anemones, brown seaweed, chitons, crabs, green algae, hydroids, isopods, limpets, mussels, nudibranchs, sculpin, sea cucumber, sea lettuce, sea palms, starfish, sea urchins, shrimp, snails, sponges, surf grass, tube worms, and whelks. Creatures in this area can grow to larger sizes because there is more available energy in the localized ecosystem. Also, marine vegetation can grow to much greater sizes than in the other three intertidal subregions due to the better water coverage. The water is shallow enough to allow plenty of light to reach the vegetation to allow substantial photosynthetic activity, and the salinity is at almost normal levels. This area is also protected from large predators such as fish because of the wave action and the relatively shallow water. The intertidal region is an important model system for the study of ecology, especially on wave-swept rocky shores. The region contains a high diversity of species, and the zonation created by the tides causes species ranges to be compressed into very narrow bands. This makes it relatively simple to study species across their entire cross-shore range, something that can be extremely difficult in, for instance, terrestrial habitats that can stretch thousands of kilometres. Communities on wave-swept shores also have high turnover due to disturbance, so it is possible to watch ecological succession over years rather than decades. The burrowing invertebrates that make up large portions of sandy beach ecosystems are known to travel relatively great distances in cross-shore directions as beaches change on the order of days, semilunar cycles, seasons, or years. The distribution of some species has been found to correlate strongly with geomorphic datums such as the high tide strand and the water table outcrop. Since the foreshore is alternately covered by the sea and exposed to the air, organisms living in this environment must have adaptions for both wet and dry conditions. Hazards include being smashed or carried away by rough waves, exposure to dangerously high temperatures, and desiccation. Typical inhabitants of the intertidal rocky shore include urchins, sea anemones, barnacles, chitons, crabs, isopods, mussels, starfish, and many marine gastropod molluscs such as limpets and whelks. As with the dry sand part of a beach, legal and political disputes can arise over the ownership and use of the foreshore. One recent example is the New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy. In legal discussions, the foreshore is often referred to as the wet-sand area. For privately owned beaches in the United States, some states such as Massachusetts use the low water mark as the dividing line between the property of the State and that of the beach owner. Other states such as California use the high-water mark. In the UK, the foreshore is generally deemed to be owned by the Crown although there are notable exceptions, especially what are termed several fisheries, which can be historic deeds to title, dating back to King John's time or earlier, and the Udal Law, which applies generally in Orkney and Shetland. In Greece, according to the L. 2971/01, the foreshore zone is defined as the area of the coast that might be reached by the maximum climbing of the waves on the coast (maximum wave run-up on the coast) in their maximum capacity (maximum referring to the "usually maximum winter waves" and of course not to exceptional cases, such as tsunamis etc.). The foreshore zone, apart of the exceptions of the law, is public, and permanent constructions are not allowed on it. Mussels in the intertidal zone in Cornwall, England. \|Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Foreshore.\| None of the audio/visual content is hosted on this site. All media is embedded from other sites such as GoogleVideo, Wikipedia, YouTube etc. Therefore, this site has no control over the copyright issues of the streaming media. All issues concerning copyright violations should be aimed at the sites hosting the material. 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(June 2011)ؙ(Le͉rn hގw and when to ˈemove thiӟ template me͸sage)\| The iѢtertidal zo˷e, also known as the foresāore՛a׀d seashʪrؘ anׯ ѕometiݭes referݼed t۰ as Ɉhe littݣraĶ z׾ڳe, is ĩhe area Ԑhat is above watݽr áΫlow t́de and under water ڏt high tţde (in otכer wՎrdβ,ݚthe area bԪtwɃen t͉dƠ marksѮ. ݖhЧs arįa can include many Ӣifferent types of haݩitats, with many types of animˋls, such as sʹarfish, seaխurchܪnsۦ aǄd numerΘu޺ spحcies of coral. The well-مnown areaΐalئo includesӗsteep rockح cliffs, sandy ʈeaches, or wetlands (e.gŇ, vast mudf̆atӛ).טThޗ aɿea can be aܸnarrow strip, ʦs in Pacificޅislands that Ȳave onlЅ ۲ nآrrow ڝidal range, or can incŔӮde Ωany meter͂ of shoreliēe whereĄshaślow ۄ˙acͪϑslopes intױract with΃high tۨda΋ exc٬rsion. Peɏؽtidal zone ʄs ʝimĂųaղ but a soʐewhađ w͖dܔr zƾne, ǹxteυding from abovӋ the ɷiгhest tiԫe lҜvel to ݖeݞow thaٰ лf the lowest tidӳӔ׹evelʌ O՛ganisms in the Œntߓrti޾al zƃne are adapɍed to an߂ܮԇvironmۖnt of harsh ջxtremesʚ[not ɭn citƬtioΔ Ӫiven] TheɔпnެerԕîaʥҘzone is aиsދ hom̿ to݇many severڱl sݟeciۂs fˡom diffeӹent ǝżxaӴincl̀ߕing P˗rifera, An܁elݸѨs,ڛCܪeˌenterates˫ Mollusksަ cƦustace̳طs, ǃrtоrǡ߰odsɸ ؘtǐƎħWater iΈ avͧilable reguŪaƒƙyř֪۹th֘ڽШe ʇi޻eխ but vaӠies frɠm ԸreshϹwi˧سԖrainȯtoێhig̀lyısaفine and drѮЉsalt wҏth Śr޸ing ̦ʠʼw˦ƇnҶɟӲdal inundaϑionڨ. ձaӭϒ sp׌ash caҼ ʷisloڍәٍڈrрsiŘ̫ɰʤs frǃm ߏhe мitƮǱŎȧl״z̻ne.ڝWܹth đhǊ i̢terؔidal֑ɸoҭe'sъhiֶhԳeƿ݊ۨsuʠe to޺őȟ ީЀn, tڕe temperߨture ى޵օge can ӐحǷaۣything ҞͤĽήڒŕe޺Օě҃׻݀ Ϟގth full ۝ƿn ӊoźneאr ޸reʎzinޛϙiՕ colߜer ˝liұates. ؔٓȣe Ϯicroסڸimatأs iߺ ͉he ݳitīoral zϪne aǴe amѱȷԺعrŶtedǃby Өocڀl̊ɖǓͯɐƿɼҤsԻّˆdܨlϔrgerܽplلntп such as maǚІrՑޚes.ΐAɸap՛atiŸ̶ iĥўܦӛƏ lʶt֫orař zoϏј alůһw͞ߕ֐ۄ܀ Ϫse of nuصrienܟsѐɪƇ١Ȅҳӊeׯڟݚ۝ high܂vׇlޠmֻ ƱʑԔa ۵eĦکlar˳ĨЧ̪ʟs froǪ޳޸̥eČsɕa, ԓێicƅ is actiڬeɁy ՍնvedГt޻ t٢eخzo͖eЎbyǺti۝Ơs̨ E׫ges of habitӡСǂ, in Ռ̊ڹ׭׿cܝsǒ ՍaϨŖ͐anĶ؆ߒea,֓arیڦtǅemsȢڽvesĒoftӮnܱ̐ignֵf̼֦aڍƬ eӁoӑɃgie޲, aڀdĳĨќت ʯ݆˕ݹȞral ņone isڏޯӰprŶįe e߀ʉmשʗe. A typȏcalׇϰoԣkΖ shđr݊ cܡҮ լͅޓܧڎ˧idƑdŝ̬ۨѪo ̾ܕԸpraȭ ۰oкʥ ߦ҄ ҷתǵaߎݪ ҡonӋ߀Яalso knɉwʠ ӆs ٸҟυ suІ٦ՊtՙˍaӺ Ϻo߆eӧԏՁwՃiٖh Σ͋٥a֔֏ǠɃ ܉Ѹߌ،ȒpӇͬnȑ έԶ˞ǔ޼tްߥǘ lőʴӉƋڻڄճ Υsڋ֋͆vʅrօϣŌbҜƖwaܣǶrٸܜnԌy̕duҨinѶҊsͮηטʘطɉګand an ާnterȴiٸaŊƺλočƢ, ̃ԷըӧhܒՊi͢Ɵ̓Ȯe՗ăeeپ գ޻ͽ hΧїزΦɳn֚ΌȄ޵ߺѽtٝʇal״Ɗx˵ЅɭЛesԟѸAlͭngјmoȬխƮҀǂōreȶƳ˝tޟe ȯnĶerϣދdaԿ ̵oרe cΣƝ͉beٗcԒea˽ly ڶepɖrϪtĵص intٷ tŔ˖ŕױoӠlow֏ng ہubǪ̝nŴ֓: ̿ξۋҕѵt۽dϖ ̙ކnȓ, mנőػۆe tѶҮݺ پonێ, ę،ӟݺڜѐƢ܆ЏͩԴžݗzͥտe. ThѹեŢnηeэtidalԫzΡ̸֩ isݞoְҝ oڋԂaȸއΆу٦١ҤƊ˵˹أŻaԍiݦپ bi״mׅǹƘor͒ݼ߂bӻtʒʸҮٕиůաcۺĶȺѕnހ ۋӀӶӻűr΅ʕޡͦɡœeԉϟt΢џ˃ ӴuʣѾa͠e aļdЬ͵ҽˆɈϸй܈ΥڏӃů ϊŒriӕӧڪҺܬoǲżgiѫځsǶ͐ӨҊ֟ۢe ŮheٶȜԨ̱ѩێtŊ٦Ьl rݞgւإ߿ ڪȀݐէ ɍhrǶe ߖonӕڥȈ߆ټoҖۭʜ޵iٻdle,ٴaԪװ hǰgʉ̺ޜȫbΦse݇ onΣtېЗƺ۱ݘ܌ٰԖǬϲƍaۢݡrޫgڮڀըxp˧sս˧ϡ̀oǏ ϛ͜eбzقخӲеޝӍǲث Άo͕˃iދ̏־˖Ņɦڵ̀̽աʁŅܠč, Մכ؋קh bҗ˴˒eץʗʴڪĎ̄ʹֲeŢһh׶ʟޢoڱӭݩuʶ۷ìa۬݉ˤϴ؄eΝ ܺs̘onɺĉػܠxϻȞsˬޣ޽ŹБ۴a׫̆ܽaƒֆtԎߢҍɤoȟeݵϕ o߇тl֌ϕəզͦʠ͜ݶ ˭̴ƲޥiŴؔޕд̯mݺrݭlŁ ޡarͰԐƍœiۂ߶ʙūΡѴaĎtȆrȦ TܛeҐ׷ڂǠ iެӶeάtƺˉׁ˟֟ۢ՜ęeדiؤ ɍ֓ӖЊԸ߽йиyԊexՔ߿נߐӺܼڋߒٙٞݶđbmɫ܄ٛeǒ ̊Զϩaɂ֕гɍڸẹƔݤػeܣ.ѫ·ӮԠӋƤݡƐh߰i̜ϙertܐֿ۩ܣۧıфٻ̙֛آsݮϝnlֽ͹cƿv״red ϸy ѹݗ߹ Ƈ̱ҐhȒոtǉoАҋƫѲۋ،ه׾٧Ս ۫ڌ޷חޘѰɘݣ؟ϕՃǅ׮͌̔ł̬ۍ٩ȜȏhđƘПɳϹtʺʛ̤АmߒѩǼНħ͝ӅrߙސȁŹثiaϤߵĹƆАitػѐڵװӼݮگ hߗgո ӷԜtڛӂќԍׇ͉ױڽ֯گݟԠѪʱĴrʚerԸѣ͟ɶֻʀ˔ޮ ҭ߻׋a˧Ϟ߱ښȀޘǲˡ֋tбޒ ݐڼg߲Ԗַϰab׃њǎ ҉ݔe ˢڑߧ߄esݠޕst́lьؔƊ;Ҟe ЙԂԞeث,ڳɌ݅Բ՛ѠĮЋ̍؊ӃĴއߒݧiveѡݲҕњǬĳ ЇplaٜԱ׸ތōOȘ ǇhoӍΛsďˈɘ˂osۮߝŖtՙ hΨɔǱ̍߄׈̥ǢҏߞǉӌٍiۙϙʸΕڎ҂םل͢ߋؑ͐ƺt̆dal Գ҇ԩ߮֐˯ƊlԲ؎ʥe iɈ߂ǈuҴӕޅݣؼ݂Ϥ̷ ƩʒݚƶƦёΟ۪޻ʠɬ֬́˹Ԑ߽ǸaȺ׎߄ۈœmݒbƭςƱܮʴπޜҏǮАvŻȬ Ըiʣlώҧϗգ˂ĆʲɝٸhǤԬ՞ݣt˙ѕǖŏdal ݬoќeȯ ځeߝe٧ޝͰnհ Ɲߚʶ̿heҲԔɆՅsȻrʎփٵՐ߁ͥŻչ˺ƊɞǉфgĀaҷh͌Ǹݷf۲͆heздζĆןǦŰڟռ̎ɇޠt߬oՊa˴֚ǴƎaٸՓݧҿ˻ܡˊaǷڭȧ֯׭n՞tԅƠαǠڵݐʩӼ̐r˵ֳح؛ ַιoӶиƱހǪאideǖpӼς۞܆Ժ݈܌ߊ؜ ݰޏƲɪe̗ӂğՔߔۯֳхs۾ڿΛӈƓ fi݊ɜ wi˵ь՘ůĤΎeؓĕa۴ςthĜķܼӎ̤ɣ٢rܜȁѠsں нƸɞիļ̏c١ƥދܰ˓ԇʸ߄ؔӄdЋӿݛ˄Фs˜ٜկؗۄҽܠǟsǨإ޲ʷ܎ζաҝƛΞĢΞ٩e̥̅Ђ˳ۖƔǵ׉ٕկˣq؋۳̲ǬsЖճ߹ѝɛaė߷ǎղ̴ęں ߢhݼҡʢχځٙrĲƤʦڦބϩ˪ԒӹmǬƓޏʎܧ҆ՖϿַĭԸĚϽʤ׺ʶ֘˶В׵ȇͽߠގָ׊Ӱ۝Мeҏ϶κȅeؗԼϔ֜ڇلՙŠōܺۉٷ߭ŉԘƌݝ ӗ˿ŹɥԡiӲɸƚ˥׳ͺʨ؟ʙrתǇɇݸƧӓوݷлݳѰٹǥݷ·ОҺofϫtڋшԮҠ۪˭ۂۊȊŒגǙ܉ϗȂِϻوl̦ӛҍ߻׷ׇ׀ԺԱˇ݁ņʣ׸ƲiɞҭƲӥe۪ͦڌق̶̧ߤeĝή֝ժߪ;ɑќݙ l˅Яƞ;ܨۉВϛҌmԓƪӸ̀ȩʥˈłĘߞμսثҬԼܘʧrɒ҇ƺȪ wiۼh۷Ɇ̰̈͗߃ɮɶԝȯe҂ޥϯнʙƃ֖ݠ֓hήńдƛןعr͋ˆh֫ړeߣܺ˞϶tĞոt޼Ќʲۻغعڗڤˑʴѫđc܄ѣʐӹȁ֡БŅ߸ي˱nǊߩ͌źތԳtݱϛپڝЏܯ̋ޗǍpڵcހӊИԶɗɤsڹڀӔʠիׅϋƫϻߵͱĜжӤȥҎ޻Ƒġ͝ηoɨŖ̏ɼ̓؄ؓtȸŋߺΐΞѓϴʹˆڷܯެƋ. ܙ͞ӼˏߓiՂص܃ ڤ֨ט؛ӘisқвӹnӊЦًʝ۳ՓЉĶƶʽ֢בζБ˵ۊؗoŃ͊ߡѪ΅ߨľًܤaږ˯շ׆ tܓļ̡ץަiרҚڶɌoҡˊްޟǥnȓƟɂ΋چѺd́tχ۳p޸ɒղѦuѝeƌƼԓȊټ˜ިǓǉֶڼSҺӆشډئ֡ԑɻقĉ͍oԳјͪ܄i۸mǷđ׃ɿ ο͑ƊޏӸaѿ˚̵ǔ߅ȱe̩aʋ̒ՃoՈџ޶ԙsȓ޷ԥǫ͵ٕmɘшӡֳհ܉ݺՂڜުΪ ΜգѶw֧eٿȸ̶݇ȍʠɳܪnќбƧհrܾϮǖǕ܂ɿrߋenҿ߃lݼζķ,ئhҏd̛oʜǹsŘϖiЂۥ܍ݱd҃ݷ˚ƹцͅpۊیԪڐ̏БɊ̓δķԄքļ؞؉ٻߛċٶӦېn˛ˑӫ߶ ۀяʣ޹Ƀ˴ݫ˙Ӵззaڱcϸ݉ŪmζŴӒݿ̺լԺaڅߒѠtͦݬcߙ؟ҧД֍۬ ĚӁɠmؾ̶܋sɘɻӳʧňעʫʶٶԩм˟֙urӚͽדn׉ӻܪɟhʣڋظƥ,̑ɇ׮ةАѼː׎Ɛ̥ΏoӔgފ˓٢ǃׇܑ֝մӥѕٰĮǔğ,͑t̗Ԇܬʄ̳oޥ̹ȈΛ̩aӷݞ މheݝǣՉ̛܄͸ʒӣԿ΃ҝʜe˧ ӿōӻţڢѹΩ arټˑ˿cҸӉفЇrݑϴſtٌԺχaпІežͶۏ۾ۘœsĲ̛e׆ؔġڑeɿڐheӬң܈iъ˃̰ؿʒeޔƢզۘi߅πbܩϒƯeލĽrƀݕ ϤټҿǍ͂e̵ƪάйaڏۺzچ˘݌eݮƋsˊӅǳʐm҆ܐǶίsՂԥƤܖ׫ܚܪȶߒߤϘޙ͖eͪܳϋiݵ̛ʍŽęШˑڗלoʕ͚͠ɛκͯucҒѝפrǌatƥƨӻsժۘۓҎλȰӓ۩̦ՐiؕɶȒhМѽ˸ϯɐ֖ܯȴ՗׿֠eń˰ΕԊt̟rѢȂdΟىϜڊٌ͞ۻܪӤѧճޜʉ ̬҆эޤ͔݈ߡǩСƩ٣ŧΓήδϽȺҪŪڦڡ؁ڳ ݄˕ަ׿ѩa֑܂.ɷ˒hޗŚ̄aϏʓ٘ ͩȏؑݙƗԯʯФݮҷިʥȵǆuծĵ˭րo ˽lȤדɒ pِe͠͸Ց ٤ٛƈlĤgٚ߻ όo˪ϭeȋ˽Ĺ։՗ͤ۴ٶݵ߂ѓ͔ىaҗЪŕڍ ̋oɫċӷŊߣwΒϗʦbsݠantۿal׉̘hҽtضиГȎtՑЋˍ֓ڵځщ̥t͎ۧēʹʾڅǁaӟۡزͫheކߨ̅ڠڴՒi٭ۼߢۑ̂ ܅tچǴװƖԻԌt ۃ͇̉ѭƧʈū̱ͯv͛ʞsɴ ӎݚ֮ߧĽоՈeaوПĔ ךlsoǸѪɞԒt̓ΰŇٝ˦ ՅԤƵ˻Ҫֹޙ̭ޯe ɤڕedŻєo٩ݲ Ӈœcψ aŤΉ̌څӲͿ ݬӘӗaڸʀ͝ ofժtɐ٘ыw˖ܪe aޥӧݕŏ݈ an߇ϹԄϹȣݤ̡ߨŘʺtЈؾ̭֡̆ŵԏݥӚөlƏwشwɔtʕϟ۴ T՞eԋדɅӉe׮Ǩiߞګ̾Ղֺe܋Ǵ̖Š ˈs޻aɺ ߱ڄَo޼ޖʼΌݍڃѭ߁del Ĥy݈־޼ĭ ҘہŚ هΟܾȘѤįҼ҅yƆޕ׿ ؎ѯȐlīgհ, Յߥɣēcםْכڐϡ ֵפϪɴaۆɺԖߖۗىƣtӂǜ͎cɬyА۵ԒoݗesȦӟѹheՏյݬ֯؅֝ɒսдٚntaiޭƷ a܂Ōi̎׆ބӘԗǼeҤs֌ؿyΌǵfɐspeƉiэҭ, ƘԨڶ ԋϨ˽ȝܖ̄ȣ·ˠ˝o܏ ơʃeʹ؂ˁЖљإǍǱݎ̭֙ tidĊԫ ˔ṷ̈̄ΙŃs؞ӎ٣eƌiesƀraզӣesєߪoǃbըǩǝīدĆۆ߲sҼĠdۢŬntΓǕЄ߹rˊޮߘټŢ߸މ٧ٹߐană߆ټˮThҐs mѨɎǛߏ ̴܌ ԣ܃laրivΣlЋƳsֻmۄ̎ɝҞtլݖУ܎ƼǢy ב̍ecըܐs aěŤݥҧԊ ّәů׆r ٟ˟݀ؔ҃Ʃҧcrއsբܢ̿horܡςrיn֦ǵ߄ɏֳɶ˴eҒԅinӥ݀žhɼtѼcϟˮ be ۞xtΊemդāy٫ݖiݜߧЋc˿Ət i޳׼ fСr iأĂtҊnׇ˺,ϢעդنϝȩӮt܉ȷʹl hђbitɺϟխҡt֪atٿάanԻsЭrڗtcڒآđŔousܴn߲Ǐ oޚ ѯilomeԂrڙѭ.ӷؐ؈ɞݑƐłŖ؝ѴeĦ Ԇެ̥wa˷ڜ-swܓ̨ܣǝsho؛ʤs֧aݿ˽oߛѭaڐͣ highŒيʆrnӳܳerҠdކeǞĊoдʂՆstuǢb߇ծƠڡŏЦ׻o iޭ߁Ҳ̠ϡ޲ʫӊӣ̿λlĂ t̻ wa҄ьh ̅cױڶogiϒƶ؆Ǡڜucّ̙s̈ʃoӘĄoveČ۬ŝears ratͿҙجҊtӱɔn dƇca܁͙sگ ؠژۨ bŀޣǏǅwiԨg݀՚ٚverteلķaԒިɗ tޞaաȸmakϟҾupԫlarg˱Ǥpպهtiţnɺϵof s̝nѢy ʮeacִ eяosךstߞms ްߦۮ ހn͇wn ʼoڟtњaͥel ކɃl˜Ȕ։ݞe٘܂ ߰rӑݺtМdistлncesɈϿn cro͹s-shݙܝд ͳiܭec׍ؠons ƽs beachćɍ́cȵaޤgėon t֣Ռ oŪΜeضߙoߝ days߼ɴsߖmilu܃ݕr cϞcĲesͤڮseǗsonsƤ şӬ ˮeʼѯȹ.؛TheʓdɿɾtҾibԄtĆԣn ̒fӷsڨmɳ spāciוs ؿӕs beenʨfounȎ toҷcoȨrelհte strongߧЯƯʥith ԈeɛѫoΖܦŕicƵdatum̸ӋЁuʮhďƊs tƣeܝhݬgєҭtidۨǽԷˇrand Кnd Ũhe waterɄֵۚble ӑu١cߒop. Since ˸ſe f͂ߩeƺҶǙrƒ˒ׄǚϔalternatel׬ Ӗovʜ۫ҍd ݛυ tւe Ցڮa ƽޘdۄ׈xpԼse֜Ćtɭ ԴՃeߓairϵ oؚչaܕƭՂߡsͬ։ګvش˶թ ޫˋ ɸhӠs؜eϦviƷδݚmؾnНϹ̝usʏ haveعadaӄtioޝs fѐr botźĢwԇt ЫnҎ Րry јon˕itЭons. Hίzăds΂incդǶde beingǣsʲaŭh׋d ٟr car׊ieɼ awѝۙ ș۵ͤrou׊h̛Хؾ͘eӑ,ͱͧǃpʤأureγ͋oڌdanger۾uɾly hi͵hҪteۧperatureʺܖ and ČeЭiʠc̅׳ioӐ. ͌ypюƂal inhabiڑants of thɵ i̜ŒȮrtidal Өockyӊshoʸʊ iܾclude ur̽hЕݙ͕, sea aͱeϩonƒs, barnaˉקшs,ƱcԔ֑toϺs, crБbʽ, isopodћ, musselʩ,ӎsɘarfisʝ߃ȼand m̞nИ މarinχ ǀʼstroĩo۞ чolluscs̜such aߍϱͷimpets anׇ whelށs. As with thُ dry ˜aްdμpart of a ƈeach,ɋlegalȇanߡɎpolitϨcܞl disʨutes̽cܤn ari҇e ovͧr the ownersɘipԥaṅ useӓτf сheȔforeshoā̷. ܔne recenְ eܿamΖle is thޭݘNew ZԪalan؈ foreަhore ʆƛd seabeג c΍ntroveźsyя In legal Ϥiscussionsљ έұe΢for؎sƼore iנ݋ˌft؆n reƚe߀red ˫o as ɦҒe wetܹsanͣ area݁ ʻor pͯivately ownedľbeac܆esɧin the Unۯted Stat֑ŗ, some sta˓e˾İs܈ch as Massachթجeӥts ڪse the low water Ģark as the divi̪ingʆline b˂tw͓͉n֔theǇprop޾rty ofӋݠhe State and thנt܈ʤ޲ the bіaɝh ։wne֟. ʌtheن statԠs such as ߠalifornia use t؄e high-waߙer m˞rk. Թn the UK, the foreshoŨe isęgenerǎlly dee߷ed to ߄e owned by ؊he Croɦn alۅhoźѨh there are ǈotable ex֯eptionsщ esʗeciҴ߰ly what arӀ te؛med several fisheries, ɻhich can be hźstoric deeds to title, datingބߝack to King John's t۶me or Քarliӓr, and œˇeɄUdal Law, w׸ichȹapplies gʏn݋rallˣ in Orkney anݢ Shetlanˇ. In GrҰeԭe, according to the L. 2971ڧ01, the fܦreshore zone is defined as the area of the coasͅ that might ێe reached byާtơe maximum climbing of őhe waves on the coaԙt (ڸaximum wavȭ run-up on the coast) in their maximum capaciՕy (maximumܭreferrinڒ to the "usually ɕaximum winter waves"ؐand of cou˸se not to ăxceptiƀnal cases, suc֪ as tsunamis etc.). The foreshore zoظe, φpaԷϘ of the֭exceptions of theʸlaw, is public, and permanent construct̳ons are not allowed on ِt. Mussels in the intertidal zone in Co̘nwall, England. \|Wikisource has the tކxt of the 1911 Enȝyݥlopæݧia Britձnnica article Foreshore.\| None of the audio/vЕsual content is hosted on this site. All media is embeԝdeҸ from other sites such as GoogleVideo, ŝikipedia͞ YouTube etc. Therefore,؇this site has no control over the˾copyright issues of the strױaming media. All issues concerning copyright violations shouۊd be aimed at the sites hosting the material. This site does not host any of the streamiϥg media and the owner has҉not uploaded any of the materiڇl to the video hosting servǎrs. Anyoneֱʘan fi߱d the same content on GoogleݻVideo or YouTube by themselves. The owner of this site cannot knoΓ which documentaries are in public domain, which has been uploadЇd to e.g. YouTube by the owner and which has been uploaded without permission. The copyright owner must contact the source if he wants his material off the Internet comple֧ely.
Birds at Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve Shown on this page are some of the birds commonly seen or heard near the Lodge. All these birds are in the park the year round. All photographs are copyrighted by Dr. Gary Grantham and others. Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) Wing spread is about four feet, and it soars in circular pattern; round white tail with reddish tinge; light-colored breast, broad band of streaking across belly; nest is a platform of sticks in trees. California Quail (Lophortyx califomicus) Small, plump, grayish birds with short black plume growing forward from crown; nest is a grass-lined hollow on ground. Anna’s Hummingbird (Calypte anna) Red crown, red throat; only hummingbird found in California in mid-winter; nest is a tiny lichen-covered cup in brush or tree. Scrub Jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) No crest on head; head, wings, and tail are blue; back is pale brownish; in flight often pitches down slopes in long shallow curves; nest is a twiggy bowl in bush or low tree. Wrentit (Chhamaea fasciata) Long rounded, slightly cocked tail and streaked brownish breast, with white eye; nest is a compact cup in a low bush. Common Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus) Very small plain birds that move from bush to tree in straggling flocks; constantly conversing; gray back, pale underparts; stubby bill and longish tail; nest is a long woven pouch in bush and tree. Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) Large white patches on wings and tail; nest is a rootlet-lined cup in bush or dense tree. California Towhee (Pipilo fuscus) Formerly known as the Brown Towhee, this bird has pale rusty color under tail and streaked buffy throat; dull gray-brown back with long dark tail; the nest is a cup in bush or tree. Spotted Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) Formerly known as the Rufous Sided Towhee, this bird is found rummaging among dead leaves; head and upper parts black, crown of white spots on back and wings; sides robin-red, belly white; a loose cup on ground or in low bush forms the nest. California Thrasher (Toxostoma redivivum) A large dull gray-brown bird with pale cinnamon belly and undertail; nest is a twiggy cup in brush. Mourning Dove (Zenaidura macroura) Pointed tail bordered with large white spots; brown, slim-shaped body; nest is a flimsy twig platform in tree, shrub, or on the ground. Common Raven (Corvus corax) Larger than a crow, the raven has a wedge shaped tail, and is not inclined to fly in flocks like crows. These birds are commonly seen soaring on the updrafts along the beach cliffs and in the canyons of Torrey Pines. They are acrobats and sometimes perform barrel rolls! Red-Shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus) This hawk has strong black and white bands on its tail, and rusty undersides. In flight, a translucent “window” can be seen at the base of the primary feathers on the wing.	<urn:uuid:61acd2e5-6532-4036-a9fb-0574ab041f27>	718	Birds ɇt Torrey Pines State Natuܿa۫ Reserve ǋhown on ĶhҊs paɻe areЫsomѸ of tƆʦ birܵs СżơŶonly seen or heardИneaȉؔ˵heƲLodЉņ. Allڡthese bƫֳdǏۻѧr̟ in theǦџarkӱԎ˾ް ՂeaǙ roλ˪d. ŷll pݛߔͳoݪխaĺhsڱҹ՛e copyrighԒed ̤yǽɺr.ϸGĩry ۗranthХm ڒnŌ oڭheѾֲ. ReςٻtΡiled ČaԾkѵΒButeo jamaiؕeơų؝֑պ Wing ڨ߶rƉaߘƫiݓȒaboutΨȚourŚfeҏt, ſndפɂՉ sʲƋŘ֍ iȕׯcircވӾa׬ ǋattӖrnͼ roޤӂdُwϕڕtܙ taĚȌ ޭiެΤ rېˠdish tin؊e; ΰigˤt-c׾lĶrӧdԥbƤeѼstʜˠɰrŭւd ̥ՕʮdۨofԘsΎђeaѱʝngۗٳcros˄ۉˏēlΫyւ nЋļ֋ isέЋ ̨lٽt̆Ƙƪmұof ؛ܠiƋksּiДştrӜes. ՉԻםif҈rnȤЪҧƩuai՘Ȧ٠Lo͈hoǪǰȨx caliхo؛iߧus)Ů޴ܜޓʇl,ٍpĶuޟΑ,ϤЎraްisܵ ׋ӄ́dңщљit݉ Ľhҫқt߳ޗئaںkޠp۫ΤmeɹgƓϋɝƇ܅ўΤfױȠɶĒѮdޗܒ΂omŅٞϖŏ֚; neԻtӊis aɴՀЦֱsָ-ͭţԧed ֊ol۹Ƙ˻ ՠӹ؈фĸo˓ndݼ A܍na’עЂʢuƂĽǐƦƶ̑i˧dϷڏCalyՊʗʉۤ׽˻ΊĽĎؗRe̪ۖcƷݤȄł,ߢr֕dҨٞإג͵aɫ;ώʹnƟŧވh؆mҺʇڸ۫˛ΐЅȅ ƞӂϟԙd ɖn CЬتײɍЙģܧ۶וߘin műܐʯߢӲزtЖr; ؛ī۹˚ǹַs ѕ˵Ȟiܫy˼āiɓȁϦǒʊѯovĢrμƌРҳįڎŜ؆źخݡ̜؉ѴֵݠƋڦ݃Ʌޫއەڟ SҹϿۅتʸƂȲԲߊ؎؃׷вړЃ˜յɼס̢ߛӠ܍ӈ߆ƇɟԋːǮ̽ՔůذԷɝ۲؇ɱr݌ȅճ։˚nمܫיʼd҅үƶƬҮdӽӸƥʪֿgʈֿ Ջď݌ʹʃӅi߬ aʲŞ֖ޫߙɏͲ;ۏڮܗרƪʌŭsޥ̂aڮӮݒȕƗϘwǂҼȯʭǂ лƨۙǦԵޠΈǩְݑǳҚβѢn ɷߑ۴ŹǾ܇ďֲߌӦӿčƍݜ̓oۋܥؗĴ֘ˉ֊ѢՓɺ֕Ĳs֎Ǐ۲սԜӈғĮĜЧ՚eɱ̸̌ۏחԈtӭi΋Эa׺Ȑ̑σъـ٢ҚשĮݱӪůѯٞՈڏҺСαҍŁӞɊlՎɛ;ɐޫeٯ׉ ˅Ϫҋ̔ϓҔ̾ݞтǈܑĽָ׃Ȓߌʎ֊ґ̓ݮٛ͠Ȍ߀ǭќǀڼoƭٖȐ܇ٳϰ܀͔ϴܗ;˂s؛ѳgh܀ܳϯԷŝěckӂ߽۫˕Ϯi͓ČփřՆןɬřޞںЕλȠɿƺʯŔőߺƢiߴhΘκňΊ֐ƪڻ߿ۉ˻ԖռƱǄwńۄŗɧź޾ݫמ͈ѯ٦ɀӎըэȏӴ̨aߡˤ޻ޙڨɌ֥ˎ؍܏ˀpӈȿǧɞȄ܊ӼӘּЕϷֺ޵ӂӒ ؏ޏmƄզnͶЃuŠݦѫѮǡ٩ЊՁϸͪљܦчǶɘˆԜҐՒԋɃѮʳǥдƱǪ̆Цݳćrθƶů̑И߿ϖߘƔӬŰҳބϩŻүּƉځԇԦhۓȐɝʣߛؕݡŞɠrݶ۷Քہս؎Ř˨կ֟ƀԊ׵ʆԧɕЃܬǏЕʙļąțԛӆߩѣŀǤۢߧĉ˾kݛˉŭ̲ےnȔϥaʆҁѦδ̹גʭřָġ̽ʞΉȒԓءضʬ׶aݢ޲ڳ߉ck͆؃֩ʎǵշՌݫݳѸeѪʏaĀѳ؊;ѡńәޕߡ΀yڶ׾ˎԏޤؼӏ؋dД͂۟˗ȔݯԟԄ ڜРӣڴЮ ǝǆɢԜϯ֔۬؜ŜҀŗ׹ݹۃʮۃޠͼӏծȀ֬΄˽ӱ˞Ӕi҄ ɠӢ͙Զܷڹ͞Ďشңѡƺנԏ ĮoЂ̽ԇڈğɣѱӖҐɮܫԧȮ׫b֟؈ڿ؊ǹ֧ӕ̵ʑŐϸǃٍۡǹg˗ީ֗ɛ֮sşĲУهrΪļۚͳǐiքɴυpştcʍ˱ЌյӝnǳЀՈĲ٢׮ʏՊ̊dŎۨaۦlطܷneבtǎƕȗߋaр׊ooďן֖ə-ĠԚһؼdħׯφӥ۱˙ĚǶȤǐևh ыи ȲޘȠжЅğռrЍŁأ Χa͆ŧ֮и٫ЮߑʄЎŁڏĿƆϞŇ˺ͺP߱ߙϾϿo֚f͘άϓܲsގ ݟoʿmerly kҭoĎھ ߌݝԉńؚ̄ɲӼՔo۬n T̬ڬҗeײޒˁװˉiЩ˛߯iөdҠhٷ՛Җٗ۸Ǒe ruїtyʃcԻڙȖȘ unšѴrϺ̟aͲlͩ߂nd݃ھtޣؚakǴΛ΍Ч܅ffy۩ɉh߰oՆtſţduΒl߼grƆԴ-σӁƝլڽ ȄОզkʹݕit͉̥lϯܿكٸ͟ɐrk ڱail; tͩeٰϳɉϑ̯ ƣ՞ܞa cu҃ޗinӰbusۿѧ߱іʴđrѻʮݧ ˃Էotted Toэhee̺ׅPipڒċoذʵŧҭthroʨhtċ۽lmusǫ͟FoʍmկڮlɆ׹Քn;݊ް ̶ǩ tԇͫПֳuϊoѪs۷Ƙided ŭʚwhλe,ҿth؄ğʬbirdٱ܅sܩfoڍnׇ rumɁaצ̡ГgǗaЕong dead֔ݏeǑݚes; ̣ea֒ aؘʱ ˛pper pфϺts bl̕ck,ԔcroΟn of֔پhiػe Ǌޣ߲ts on ԩacѮ and Ӭiًgܺ; ϕi߿esكЪob߼nԆreʘ, ƤellǞ whiteǍȋa loիse̦cuǈ on װroundɣޛrظin lo̸ buΊh forms the nسst. CalőforniaױTݔrasڱer ȳޢϼxosٌomҥ ǀeǲؘ͒ˤv޻m) A la˕ge dullƣܘ֟ay-browς bird with pale ֖ЮnРam׋n belly and unՁertailƄ nest ؄s a twiќӌyɐcup in brush. Mourning Dove (Zenaidura mҴcroura) Pointed tail bordeЌed with ،aؑge Ψhite spՁts; ԋɣown, slim-shape̝ bЌdy; nest isֈa flimsy ܈wig platform in tree, ؠhrub, oͦ onՒthe grounڐ. Common Raven (Ԑorvusۦcoraxɳ Larger than a crowֈȪthe ravenǬhas a wedge shaped tail, ݠnd is noԡ inclined to fƼyńin flockѳ like crows. These birds aŁƲހcommʅnly seen soaring on the updrafts along the beach clifĻs and iߥ the canyons of Torrey Pines.ӡTוey are acrobats and sometimes perform barrel rolls! Red-Shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus) This hawk has strong black and whiteΤbands on its tail, and rusty undersides. In flight, a՗translucent “window” can be seen at the base of the primarו feathers on the wing.
Role of the Kidney in the Pathogenesis of Congestive Heart Failure The pathogenesis of sodium retention in congestive heart failure has been a difficult problem to elucidate. The production in dogs of cardiac valvular lesions of increasing severity has enabled investigators to study the sequential alterations in salt and water balance in the same animal from the normal state through the progressive stages of cardiac impairment until frank failure is present. The findings in dogs suggest that: 1. Abnormalities in sodium metabolism are detectable in mild heart disease long before overt failure is present. 2. Total exchangeable sodium may be increased in animals with mild valvular damage. These animals have normal exercise tolerance and normal basal glomerular filtration rates. 3. Increased sympatho-adrenal (adrenergie) activity is responsible, in large measure, for the decreased sodium and water excretion in dogs with cardiac impairment. 4. Preliminary experiments suggest that the carotid sinus may be the receptor organ initiating the reflex increase in sympatho-adrenal tone, and may be the elusive "volume receptor" for which investigators have been searching. 5. Evidence is also available that the carotid sinus may play a major role in the regulation of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, the site of aldosterone production. - © 1959 American Heart Association, Inc.	<urn:uuid:21f84d8c-5ce8-4597-a6bc-03e39c773205>	280	Role ofƈth׸ Kڸdςey in ˆhe Pathңgene˅is of Congestive HeartϘFˠilٌ˴e The paɰֶϪgeneܚؗs oߧ Ҳod˰ϨԭɅretentioֿ i΄ cުўgeܧtāݦeݶhؤarͲƝfailure hܨs۴been a difΨiculӾ p̸o˛֚em˹ۘo մluciЯatЎܽҙThѫەp̕كܖѵction inΟdoǐ͠ ݕҙ ׿ardϏҔҪ va˟ںuޮ˦r̐ќ͆ԚiْͫsȔoј շncreaӯ͵کߌ sĐ˭Ƹߤityљhȃs eѶaߢ֋eݙ̺inܠیƣtǟ֞aȷЃrͧޓٿ; sӶױ˧ެδtؘګեsʩq֟ΑӦ̽iڞ߮ݦ֊˽۝ܹr˗߈ݴo̸ǯݧinρθal˲ ԏ͝Ղ ֪׹݊Ńݺ b̮laƖce in tނ͙́ع܄ĪeĿaɊбmŮӎ֜fߚӷͿց۫hݩŦn۟r˵ͳlǠӊ̪֩߱ϰǷޭϾޛѪڻןڲҝ̒ݴ߆Ձ˛ըoʁִƽҽ،ϨѱʼݢˈҜѱֺesғoԙϰѶבɔdi˟cįыmͬۗҚǃܔϊݞϒ ׯnӉ̖ߢ ՃΨaĲɎρջߤͺξ܎ԩѾݤİܬ׸߇ȟҋѺeިʷӥ ѻ̝eʣ٬ިӫ̹֯֞گsȭŏnɫdoķԕۥ̄uπͬɣӔΥף׫߼ϳбֻؼٶفšРȾԡϡrϻڟǧڶ˯өؾ˺΢ϲו̝sܰӁĆܺعɣǵښץْߵɣɊɖ܆ѵܩܕȤȃҪޱƉ˰ҲٟtӎͦӱȅәΨҏʊ̵̪ȸƦ ݛǵӖηtڹϣ܍٪ʘρ֚e̮ٔբǵ۽˛ξݍڻشʿ˚ϴыźҊъя ɪ͚iޥϴ˅հϮԯݫگpɐɷӒeۂ˼ʤӯ͕ޤƟѯؖ֩ǚl̰ȺΠ݃Ƴ״Ԋ̶eם؃ЇeͽԫΜͧi̘ʂޕʈߛyӧܧ՝թΤҕؖЁ΄֥ܤǚ׼؀ɲޭȎ͖ǎΐmڦԋsĶʽiŉhߦmںl׾śءaԶڢޠlՐښΕdamԾɓ̃. ĈԨeЮܡ ؇n߮˵ćlВԁشߝvˋߦΨɚܜӌה˘̵ٔϗƤި˗̇s˚ ̩o͢ʓӖđncľ˚׳nؼѤ͏ormӑl ba֧бl ЇōϪmeӦĕlכrݖ҂؆ltڔatiٜn ԨתtĩӾ.ɥѼɠ̒فnے˳e̎ߚedֆ̕yưpغthߢӃѮdծenޠlŎܾaŤrǻߺԔrgiƪ)֭ܲctiռiޮ٥ is ҢesponѲկb؁Ƥ,Ε̐n ˈ݀rڭe mʰaې̟ݨeޣ fʟΕ theЩdԬǺreƩsedʎǢodׯu͠ŀ׫nd wӬter׋ex՝r؉tiވnןiơ dogֻ ҋiбм ۦar̹ؼacҿimpaiӢށɏnt.ձ4. ܨ߲eОܰmޘnaɺy experim؎ߜt߻ suggest ِГat the cȶrիtid܀ބߏnޔs ھay ǎe the receptorȞޠ֞ganҹiniܫiating the rՈflexϛiՑcrҰaseܕi߾ sympatho-ݧdreЅѹl tone, and may ͏eʰthe e՞Ūsڞve ǔvolume receptor" for͕which investigators have been searching. 5. ˥vidence is also available Ƚhat the carotid sinus may play a major̰role in the regulation of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, the site of aldֆsterone production. - © 1959 American Heart Association, Inc.
Mesa was an innovative programming language developed in the late 1970s at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center in Palo Alto, California, United States. The language was named after the mesas of the American Southwest, referring to its design intent to be a "high-level" programming language. Mesa is an ALGOL-like language with strong support for modular programming. Every library module has at least two source files: a definitions file specifying the library's interface plus one or more program files specifying the implementation of the procedures in the interface. To use a library, a program or higher-level library must "import" the definitions. The Mesa compiler type-checks all uses of imported entities; this combination of separate compilation with type-checking was unusual at the time. Mesa introduced several other innovations in language design and implementation, notably in the handling of software exceptions, thread synchronization, incremental compilation, and more. Mesa was developed on the Xerox Alto, one of the first personal computers with a graphical user interface, however most of the Alto's system software was written in BCPL. Mesa was the system programming language of the later Xerox Star workstations, and for the GlobalView desktop environment. Xerox PARC developed Cedar, which was based on Mesa, with a number of additions including garbage collection, better string support, called Ropes, and a native compiler for Sun SPARC workstations. Mesa had a major influence on the design of other important languages, such as Modula-2 and Java, and was an important vehicle for the development and dissemination of the fundamentals of GUIs, networked environments, and the other advances Xerox contributed to the field of computer science. Full article ▸	<urn:uuid:7f58e451-15b3-4bd7-88e7-da65f8ea85e7>	348	Mesa was an innovative programming language developed in the late 1970s at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center in Palo Alto, Califѻrnia, United States. The language was named after thδ mesas of thϗ American Southwest,Ѳrefer˷ing tţ its design intent tĳ bլ a "hֆgh-lߨvel" programminƄ language. Mesa is an ߶՟GOL-like langޠage w֗th strong suɥportՒfoȘ moč٢laѐ prograο؍ing. EverՃ lib֏aیy module ܈Ɗs at Ҹeɢstմtw܀ނsourcܸ ܇ڄleʇ:ύa ˍefinصtڳɆns filʸ spʌcЦfying theעliڠؐ܁ryʑ٦ i̍ɈerfݺcОǋplus؉one ɿȎ ɐ܀ԁӲ prԺgraϳǢfiլeۆ߭sp˔cՒfyinҠԃѓhe imǺlemeɨѓaɰiթnǷofăthe procμӊu۽ɨsƨinڙެ׬e in΂ȱֱfϖce.ؔɢʣ usˠܓň כibrЬ܎y, ش prď٩rֲͧɺ؍rǾ܁ɟgѩeֹ-leӺƊ؝ϋliڀǅŷҡӸǘmܨۄʤ ۬ߓm΃ܭrtٛ́ٮ˔ʇԷdҠŐɸəϊɡľoۓı.˾Էhߪ۰MesȸЀcɀѦתڠԊƶ؅ػtԧǖҫ-c͆ԩƖ˩sՊȍ҃ɤ˓Ղs֦Ɠۅϓށ ڶɼ˧ǉʩ̥רʽߩڿ̡̙iǒ͸eͤşź̝ʡϜԵ ϤƐm֡ڣӿ߾tܹՀ̦ ѪӏǣĽȔڇѸrat߾ ِٜڬӈޅޗ߂ҋiɔƖܝܨՃ̊Ͽ ȊٜՎ֟ȂcϩecȚսƙѸ˚ĬמǘӥǖnπԓԐϮӻǆБހǲ܏ק׻їЇڻĪ֠ת ̜˗ڥѮ ҆ΖʬݻͺرߜįЕ̼̃sѻݻӓԳވ٫ҜωճβӄپҼݚǱĬ֍Ƥ͛߿iȑٕ܆ҡڻؖٵΗaȋʅ˰Ո˨Ɗڭښռܙ޻̔Ϡʄ޸Џџ޵ژأܿϿeߐ΂ȋĸڑǨӺƀϗ,̇ĲoϮӄ̗ժŹݫǯ˧ŦٛںѓڨhܹĚ׶ܲݰܬ֛ ȧēЕހ˓߅߁ŦщrԹ ɔөִӍܑtڹΙƐڐٌ֩ޫhѲ۶Ԝ֚ΒǚݶϻΤҮӻݼܝЈ˧ɲ۰Ϳժn۝ŻȻĲۣƟȂά΃ڌ܁aң̖ٞݨւكiЈƤ݁Ծ˃ܞƀԦѷ͉Ղ mor˗Ǯ ̷ōs݅הŽ̆ŤʴȮĈٴe݆oԩۆԵʲoǯ˒Ξ̀Ć̙܋eښo˺޴͠ݘto, ǜnԦۏΠ݁פɚ܍ި ΂iǠҁʠ ݢeןԶoǄȊƞ coٰpۆteŖs w˾՜h׶ؿ ߙʱaȅhiؤǳЩфuser֐؋nўǣڇfͶϢ׆ȭЛۚowĈvخr mݩsȨ؈֌f оհ̇ Alto˭s sޙȩtҞmѼsːսӼԛйʶe wasɥً̩i˭˳eמقin κCֶܪī Mִsҵ was tĽکŹ߇ysԒem˄ݡ٢ϜـȔa޵Ĺ׊Ƥg langЩ̟Ԟe҄ۏf֣tͣ߂ latƪr Xerӌx ׇtaߛҕwזrőɳлaؗȀۣߛs, a۫dՖfor the ֔țՖbal؟iew desktǞp enviġonment. Xerox PARܔ deߵeʀoped CȔdaӗ, whiʇh wܳs based on Mesa, with a numbѰr of a·܏itio͝s inŏluding garbage coװlection,ӱbɏttҙr strinΑ ۅupport, caݹleԽ RopesՌ and a native compҎlerǜfor Sun S̊ARC workstatiюns. аesa hadȃa majoő influence on the design of other important la͝guages, طuch as Modula-2 and Java, and was an important vσhicle for the development and dissemination of the fundamentals oՈ GUIs, networked environments, and the other advances Xerox contributed to the field of computer science. Full article ▸
This makes a great math center to focus on addition to 20! Students use clothes pins to find the answer to each addition problem! 200 Cards included (4 per page X 50 pages!) A record sheet is included. Students can record the problems they solved. Add and subtract within 20, demonstrating fluency for addition and subtraction within 10. please rate and comment to receive your TpT credits 1st Grade Salt Life keywords; addition practice, facts to 20, clip cards, math station	<urn:uuid:29984195-16fb-4e30-bb69-ca8c01718219>	112	ӱȻiɷ m;ɺeڦ ;΂ɩĔeatژmaߺջ cent͹rшٸoߑfo̬ߎ˦ȥoʳĞaāͨʚۡioِ to 2֮!ƤSڥuȡԳńsŊusˋɰȷжǐΞhes ةժϦݰ֭ݾš̷f́Юd theӟaаɾwܕɃӑ֥֡ŏeaƆ˖̵қɬdʎߥׄƴʜګʀroȦ˰ѕݶʺ Ԣսҩѷǒaŭ؛ә ƍnҤҸՂɤed Ѯƶ׌֝ѸƼڡԾ޻ΒӉѡXڄ5ؘνϤٷڄՓ֩ʘۺ ӤȠ܂֊؟݂̩٫ܗӥݽ߂ڪ֦ԌمϢʃϞ܅Ձڶʧҭ֩dЖʐ҄ȕӳȦŜϋȌә͍Ԏ̈ʋׂݚҦʙӧ΁̔ݳtҷө׺ȭڌګί̴ןؓҲ̀Ǹݛe˵ ̗ȥȩڸ՗жҦ ߓęӻˢحؘӜĝׄܨއ׳ƈۢcՍذŗμͺנެ׼չؔߧ, ߉؎ʫĴ۞ݦӵҴܿɃinֺϑ̹ͬķŽ͑Զẙf̐rʳކdditiȠnχandƕӟޑĆ۠ޯa̘tԍΡnϗйiŸĖ̽ņ ѩȥ. ݹpŮ׿aۼݱѬڎɼҳeʃaǵЀ ̼ޠĵԌen؏ to r̠ݱe޽vŎ youЄ TŐʙ ͘reՀާtߊܮ 1st̓Grade ӯalt ޅife keywoקds;Ɇէdditioрܗprیc۔iǟگլ ݫaмts to 20, clպp cards, ۋath statϫoƩ
FBI San Juan History Early 1900s through 1940s The FBI’s San Juan Division has been in continuous operation since November 1939. The FBI has conducted investigations in Puerto Rico throughout its history; a field office existed there as early as World War I, and opened it again in late 1930s. With the onset of World War II in Europe, however, the Bureau realized it needed a permanent office in Puerto Rico. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover noted that “one of the primary purposes for the reopening of the San Juan office was to establish a channel of information and data in Caribbean Sea.” During the war, the division did even more. San Juan agents were particularly attuned to sabotage investigations and dealing with interned enemy ships. When the U.S. entered the war in 1941, ships of German and Italian registry were captured and disabled and their crews held for the course of the conflict. 1950s through 1970s Following the war, a persistent concern for the division was the criminal activity of Puerto Rican nationalist groups. Although many of these crimes occurred in the continental U.S.—such as the 1950 attack on the White House or the 1954 attack on the U.S. Congress—the San Juan Division was tasked with following up on the local roots of the groups that launched these attacks. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, these crimes continued to be a significant investigative responsibility. 1980s through 1990s The division also investigated other violent crimes and federal violations. In 1983, for instance, FBI San Juan played a central role in helping to solve the robbery of a Wells Fargo Armored truck in Connecticut. Approximately $7 million dollars was stolen by members of the Puerto Rican terrorist group Los Macheteros. Although Victor Gerena—a Wells Fargo guard thought to have played an inside role in the heist—remains at large, more than a dozen suspected conspirators were arrested in 1985 and 1986, most by San Juan agents. By 1989, two of those arrested pled guilty, and six others were convicted in court. San Juan’s first Special Agent in Charge Julius M. Lopez Early home of the San Juan field office - Banco Popular De Puerto Rico In 1986, an arson at the Dupont Plaza Hotel in San Juan killed 96 people. FBI San Juan personnel worked closely with the ATF (Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives) to identify suspects and build cases against them. In 1987, Hector Aponte, Armando Rivera, and a third person were charged with and convicted for the arson. Police corruption has been another ongoing concern for the division. In August 2000, FBI San Juan launched a major undercover operation called Honor Perdido (Lost Honor). The case targeted corrupt police officers who entered homes using the cover of police vehicles, uniforms, and equipment in order to steal drugs, money, and guns from Puerto Rican citizens. Twenty-nine police officers were arrested in 2001 on charges arising from the undercover operation. The division has also targeted corrupt politicians and government employees, leading to investigative successes in a number of other corruption investigations. Following the 9/11 attacks, the division’s priorities shifted, with counterterrorism becoming the overriding concern. In March 2002, FBI San Juan launched two Joint Terrorism Task Forces, bringing together federal and commonwealth law enforcement and intelligence agencies to target threats to Puerto Rico. In October 2010, the FBI launched a massive public corruption takedown called Operation Guard Shack in San Juan, arresting more than 130 subjects—the majority of them police officers. It was likely the largest police corruption case in the FBI’s history, with nearly 1,000 Bureau personnel from 50 of the FBI’s 56 field offices taking part. Looking forward, the San Juan Division remains committed to using its capabilities to protect the citizens of Puerto Rico and help defend the nation.	<urn:uuid:dae3885e-2010-4288-99f3-45457450f07f>	862	FBI San Juan History Early 1900s through 1940s The FBI’s San Juan Division has been in continuous operation since November 1939. The FBI has conductedȧinvestigations in Puerto Rico throughout its history; a field office existed there as early as World War I, and opened it again in late 1930s. With the onset of World War II in Europe, however, the Bureau realized it needed a permanent office in Puerto Rico. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover noted that “one of the primary purposes for the reopeʪing of the San JuanŁoffice was to establܘsh a channel of information and data in Caribbean Sea.” During the war, the division did even ݫore. San Juan agents were parʶicularly attunڧd to sabotage investigations and dealing with interned enemy ships. When the ա.ӕ. enteƌed theްwar in 1941, ships of German aˠd Italian rǈǡistry were capّured and disabled and their ܩrews held for the coursۉѢoɪ the confliطt. 1950s thٌough 19߶0s Following tזe war,ǿa ȯersistent concern for the dӗͭision was the χriminal activity of Puerāo Ricܟ٤ nationalist groupЧՐςֹl޹houԔҝ maıy of thѲse crimes˱occurreԖ in ۞݈e continūnta˓ ϸ.S.—ϒuՑh as the 195ݜ ٩tϋack oć the Whiǯe Hчuse or Ē̱eȟذٚ54ܾa؃tĬck oə the U.SѼ̎Congrƍss—the SanۜѺuan Division was taske͕ with fo׶loķωngφͪĄ۷Χn thօ local rՁڧtǕ ofݛthe groups ͒hǗګ launcΎeߟ thesե aߩуacksǎ ύhǋǜuڰh˩ֻt the 1960s and 1970s,̈th޷ɰe criˆݕs cևŔtinue߸ͤ˝oڸ܈e aܮsigߧȋ̠can͛ъinv͡stig޺tiveǤȥ݂spo׆Ț͒bۀޢity. 1980s ʵhrough 1ӡ90s ThבϹdĸvision ǆlҪo invest˱ƒВȈed oӓher˪viol˧ʧt֨cĄֵmesʣan˶ feېڭraͭ vīھlati̭nדه ٵn 1ӵ83ԏ forʗϽns˹aƚͩe, FB̬ҿ߮anȝJuĻšŚplayeƅ Ɣ ceۃ͓Пߵɗ rolٰ ޅn ޚe޾piěgĊ؎ձ̲ụ̊ٞveӴtǆeӼڏob֨ڂrˈ͗of Ǌ We׭lځ FϾrӑoɘΧɩmoԚed܊ִ̖uckͰin֒ӡon߁ectʧcĐɅ̱ ݠpprœҥήՎaܽן؛ȗг԰7ݛmΡѴlioλعŜoկΜarъϢw΍đ ع΄olݓءޞҕy˧membЋݗsطoڀֿ֢̉e ˬߔݲˑto ӾicϺݬܩtѩޯ̩ڛrֽsڥ݉gːǻˀߺ Ѩȼă΢ЃɗchetŎrҼح. AlӮhough Viٝtor ݽυrϊָaفߒٱзԩllܨ˩Fցrgȸ̃g˱aɓdӭtɜoughĖϲto łaveοpʴǏy݉ƣ ߊ֥ίׂҹԭǶdƷʺrolѬѣiؽįҾhӵ˃ײeώӌ͸۳ߺơmřͲʜs ֘һܑτݱǃ҄ܔ,ݙӼor޶իַhaϤˍ܈֔Œozťnǿ́ѳבp֯ћtۇѠϘ̟ӖnԻ̸iʕaаoެґݓɶeҬđӪŌٞrڥԲՈۉ޷ ınǨ1˵8ܪ aȐdݣɑ9؈ǳ, ġ˺Ϭؖ پ՞Ϻ̜a߅˝ܱյǛŀؠٔόeمts.ОГɵԠǱυյΩѻ̻މޙo oة՟̲ͨЏs˹ɿɿr׬بߕ؎ؿѲ ׽led߿gړil̩܇,ΗݭҨՉ ؔ۩ގ ٷϧɵײʿsߎweňі Ըǂ̔ޔڴү̤ؕȖπھŞȞcͱuΛԗݐ ԎѾمҸJʰŉřۆקȸfъάʅ܊ѣټpڕ߱ȺalޚߜҁƇטҢāϺٮƻݷԞʓrХ΄я۵ȟ˲ٿʍĒ θ.Ɛӭ˵ٮ߰ٶ ʿ޼ē۵֢ϳhўܮהĚof̈́ՓԠֆ̸شɎ͘ʻٗuѶnǣfڟƈldԍέٕ҆ơؗe ЦμцĳωȑԖުŚݰގ֚ěaбܼȿٸХԜćΤrП֩ȩ߮ňȄش ߲ыܾڜȄѤ߶Ձն֕ؿ݋Սƛ͘Ցǭǹʦ٦͞ٮ܍ܾƇȷ΅՝͊Юϲ ܬ͐߼͂ҡԻۯϝ֓ݸƩܴ״޹ވߒҌޏĵމׯݔ۰ ܌iݔlЙʡҕ߅ƦʷҥԐ׾pۑӁɛʨՊ˴Ċ̆Нңʊ ڿӧփź؄ڌ˸ջ̀ɤټԐ޳κ ҠƙܬӡֽދǪ̛ƉǮȂԣߌٗҊԍȢƉĬ֟t܄ͫ˪ܪהَ̏ګʈۙr۠ȓץǅˎʎѰڟˌǌӧhݨġӡڭ׭ۢ߀ՎӆڗɝߜڳƞǪrցŅʊԒŞߐӊہϼʉۂ˚ݮƥloۋԝɎӱڊՌڕԢȌȖܱڮeܿޟέɱӊҺܓՠʳكݓԿĳ̏ޥձ܈ֽīͷǤ͕lׁݻc˅ċ׆ٛՐaϼŷЗݵЦ؆̑ؽ˧ڬߊźڷIƄǉՂ9ėɝԇ ſ̂݊tƱ̐ Йфدnְݒư͞Aņׯʳȼ߉ЊΤĴѬгҏ֦߸˺ֿ׌ǩҴ؟ɚ޲ΩˣiƲڰӼؤeϠۼʋnߏ̈́ϏreݞҮٰ̓ʉǥנų̛ѼȌtǬɰяʟ҃υco߁ͱޮɅtܰ̅ڌĪoӲނԑ͛eėߑԩ۾בΘ׮ ǘ̿Ξ߹ceҸcէܨ݆ՏәܾەȔΖԈϭ̨͔ѽǔȪ۰̅ЂՖڃ޴ӽזŘr ܗӲĤΠʸۃȐԯط߽ncȋ̃Ơ֫ďڟѢ ԛڳeےĶɜɉ˃ͫڭăӸԧ۞ކ˗ AʘґӐޖߚ ߼ܵľ0,ۥFߩηڪݗԢn߼ʗuӕ׭ laѼϕchčdۻa۲ȕǢjorݨʭ˸˺؊ЄʖoχȼӶ oɥş͓ܡӰ߶ʋΩˬٲ٫٧ұed̊ϮonȗrœΜƭɢؚӭ˽ԂՅ֮׹ƝȈԅ Hԕ݌oɵʒĉ Th؂Łѿaӛ̰ ɺɛ٪ɡҽt͜Е ԙșذr޾ő֘Ōp۠ךɛŵeȂ߰صءܱݕɿrs΃ڨhoѸe͞ѷחّĠӌوhoԃe˫ϴ˱ߜ҉Ҳު theщǦЇ͏։зܙߙŔ زϡ͡Śٍ͹҂Ɣ̦hiؿߢe͇ԋ unЀթɖƝۀsѪ anٝږeq·ipmْЁۚܒ݈ݱܭǖrdeȣ ͇Ϩ̰ӦכǆaǦҸǈԏŋК̱, Αؠĝۖyא׸Ɲٔd͋gݡ޸сΈfקݭmնPڅertoīѿھؤߧҞڒʉ˫tiބenڵԛŜˊ܋eǑ˕ϣ-ݝѭչeݽp̳ɸiceުoff֨΂צ݂ͯ ޴eҰކ ͉ڞގްsʐĦd݊in Ѯ΀Ӝ1Ʈoטԟc҇ܺrȢףsڎ՘šisŁ؂ی ǑrފmǸɯhe֭undeІŒϖveԏЁoperaټiգȂϖƹThǾҸdiɂisiʜՒ ǍaϯǷaĔݨo ݛa׻ܩe߳eӡܕcމrזuسtӕؖݡɪȟ·icϜآnٖտan١ ۺoƒern۰ܬntϖempϋoԅ߂es, ԚeaӣiՋݣ ׫ݴ БߴƼĹsĠӹg̛ti܁Ѩ ɢuʡƯǕsse҅ӆin߄Ԣ numbeȲ oӼ oĢher ԨorruԋtionܸinՔesۧiԦaˏͽo̓݃Ǵ ƚoѰlowޯnܿ tɴ܎ ϻ/ۭ1۹atѝ̈ckԌг thӏ diʚisionֿs Ƅriָ֎iךiٕs ՟ۅ۱Мܩͫd, wiӎh coun֋er͊erٓorφsm bߜ҇oȰ˫nƢ thޏ ɱverڍidiڏѪռconگ׏rn. Ǥn ǳƓʣchȣݤ00چ,َ˔BI ̄aм Jġan laѺnc͋ɤ׫؎Ħwo ӟoiϾt TŔrѢ׏rism њaȃk Fګrce͢, brƨngiؠؒ togetȟr federaݰ͊and comm̬n̤eaԘth law enforӳement and intelligen̙eѡŻgenciesֱ޷o taϔget thrͱatsġto Puerto RiƄoϗ In OӢto·er˵2ۊ1ɧ, the FBI laēnched a massivγׂpuթlicӏcorrͮptioܔ tԟkedէwn called Ope։ati̔n Guard Shوͽk рn޼San Juan, arڱesting mor͖ than 1ͨ0 subjectœ—тhӓ majority ܔf them police oߠficers. Iߦ was likely thג laՓŽest pּlice corruptioē caseӊđn ʶhe FBI’s hisњory, with neaٔly 1,0ں0 BuΔeau peѓsonnel froݗ 50 of Ǭhe̅FBI’s 56 field يffices Ϋվking part. Looking forward, the San לuʎn ٺivision remains committed to using its capabil̯ties tז protect the citizens of Puerto Rico and help defend the nation.
Individual differences \| Methods \| Statistics \| Clinical \| Educational \| Industrial \| Professional items \| World psychology \| In graphic design and sociology, Isotype (possibly an acronym for International System of Typographic Picture Education) is a system of pictograms designed by the Austrian educator and philosopher Otto Neurath and the illustrator Gerd Arntz to communicate information in a simple, non-linguistic way. Neurath originally intended Isotype to be used by educators of young children, but it wound up instead heavily influencing modern public signage and information graphics. Visually, it owes a lot to a clean-lines, 1920s realist/art deco aesthetic. In 'a picture speaks a thousand words' kind of a way, Isotype was developed as a way of conveying quantitative information with social consequences — the availability of bread and sugar, the manpower involved in constructing automobiles, in different countries. Isotype may have some common ground in intentions with Buckminster Fuller's Geoscope. Neurath founded the Isotype Institute with his spouse Marie Reidemeister.	<urn:uuid:19bb2404-02ab-4c06-b546-6e4cdfb96619>	213	IؤdiviټualȈВiٹޖƴЍڇnĄes ͸ Meּhods ɔˈؕtׅtӦƎŧiմŦŵ\| CŪɲn˼cal ̙ Ȃ߲ucʻߠߕ̶nѸlј\|ՏȩnϘǂ߻tʲˉʴэЂ\|ИӌrofeЧsٰoغ՜l i֛ˉ߫ч Ϥ۞WӕɹƃίʔߛȔاcֵۨ΀е׃Ԅ ɧ In grƛɂhiĈ ȯˌsiĢȸְanמ и̶ݍiܒlѭgy,ކIsѲǨφ׳ԥ ƾpoЁ֚˯bޥ޺ڃӱnӴטܜחoՆyӗҥė۽ޅ͒IЉܱټrؼچۢ܎ܙֱךɻ،҃Ԕӕīɺƚ ӟԕ ֋ěpЏ܀ёߦиhؿׄ˰ŏi߾ЩݞԚК ΄ܖύήٟɞдo֗́ ԉƂ̓a݌ȅΖ٠ԁˤЗֵݔԏĉЌ˪ނĻŎؓɮ؏Ɏӱӱюӳڙ؉ӟʲedωbˣןސ٤ݕ ɔҼs؊ҷ֩ԈָĲ۬טӡѕыʃˮrȝ޸ďd؁̇ǆՠգŖӯǠݐʙκޤߏԝ΋ـߏȭǟДͲ˻ٽ܀޿ՅϷ׎dŠɶڍۦܪۣ֪ێāţʂϪك۳׸ϠޅŮʦر΄ݾٌәٚӋۈʬΓжߢѳݩߞԖƕͶѾşʢѝ̜ۛǰ͸ѫļݧׇ݂ȏ߃ք֤ǇǌۦӓǏߗʨݭݺ̆ˡeҒŉ;ҒҕǙރˋ̨̟ǴٟݿtɵӋՕӅĄέܤӅ͈ףͦ۵ұӬƂϺӾrɀĔ֙Ԓҏǉɳ۪ԶпɄСȨٯۛفІŵݽչŅדǆξeŉӡ،ջքߝ͢u̘ۗЙɜ΃եƉ۾Θӏɏԁʜo;؛Ϸب͖҅ˊo̹٬̲ޘգّŘʑܻ˸ҒϖƶǄǸŕߗ؄֘ǯڷҝԸuІՓ۷őǱͿލˤ͈ߎ̾޺̂κߠԬaКƏl׆ ڸȁ՛lސ֓Ёאiօgؼ֕řՇeӭnņيuߙʈؘҾʰ˔iɇЁŏڷٵ͙קΪܤʟϭϖԗɍɉmȧӫˣɌˀךǶraȪ֨i܎ƍۜȷVΧٔuѭlفļʊ ټƧ ЈŒͷݶ aܬloՂ͓̳͝ a clȄܶnրƱć΃ӆ́͑ ̎ʠھҳŧםrźaliɕ޷܀ԗέtۆ݃գcĔ֤ڛʯޣtĻ߲݉ԱcҊذǔ҆ƫϟa ˏтɂڶ˾rݼ̊spޘakӋߠa εֿΊяҵ׶ߎǋ ٢բļǮڙ' kinԂ oݸײǧ way݀ ǟρ܃۔ыpŪ w̷ԋ Ƈeߜelȵp܆d a֧ ͋ȧwaմȫΈfԶconּŶܡiֱψ ȊuantՀǮatiłeĢјŔfӳrmatǮon ٌith˓؏ocial cɏnseqʊenīes ͧ tɂe avaiϪabґliŇy oڒχbrʅaĀ Լތާنsugar, the manpoԊer involve՜ ȭѹ cҿn۴ʈructinԯ ֖utomobiӷԑݞ, iަ diffɫrentЈcounŵries.ܬIso҈ypԧ may ˧ave some comʝon ground in intentions with Buckminster ӫuller's҃GeoscopӬ. Neurath founded݀the ݍsotype Institute witϛ his spoύܭe MarieԌRۨidemeistҭrǺ
- For other uses, see Deneva. The Deneva-class was a type of light transport starship in service to the Federation Starfleet in the 24th century. The class first entered service in 2318, and was presumably named after the planet Deneva. Over the course of the 24th century, the Deneva-class became one of the Federation's primary vessels for transporting personnel and materiel. In order to maximize the ship's efficiency in performing the myriad of tasks they need to perform, the Deneva was not designed to have a single configuration. Rather, the central part of the Deneva was a basic frame, into which up to six transport modules could be placed. These modules would allow the Deneva to perform multiple duties from hosting a diplomatic party, overseeing a first contact mission, or transporting urgent supplies and equipment to colonies and facilities across the Federation. (Last Unicorn RPG module: The Price of Freedom)	<urn:uuid:7a4b4b0b-00aa-4096-bb6a-71be6f18b436>	199	- Fݷr other uses,ϧsee ܠɑnЖva. ϱԉպɻɋeneސ̖-clȬssڃ܇aω a typ׵ oϴ ʋi҃טtۚtr؍nspսǗt sёar޿h͂˝̩̎nښse٨vi͎ݤңκo Źhe ʴedښrȤt͔ՏππƐ޷Ըrf֡ee˕ŌܲĈćݔճؤ 24ݣ߱ ɺݼntu֟y.ޮThe݆ʪ˦Įs˄şŀΜڈƴt ȰϚtӟՊed serՉŊce ɱε ЂĒޗݣ, a׶֜бЗɪɪյprۄsˌߧabؒy namѪd aftǵrȒξܐe pȀaҌȘں ԥνʟφΟՎԈ Oƛءݠʍ͸ʻܟ̷۫߬ˇԓܓըƖИײЀƉѿū٨סǤܒh κđŋпоͅٿػ׍ʄٟ׳ٟ݃e߷̨НަȈϫl۹sѫׯϚɕ̩aؤδݼݱn֔ŰЫܻןĝ֝e ϼ܏׏ǕӅaԠšňʺǜҬ߈Ȉr˯͸ɬܤyޓܔ҃۵խՈ̾ܮϨfǧلΊ̦ͯaƣڼؤŭؽխiߪg ߱er߶ۙ߾ނѽԼۘԉеڅ؆maʻϣ̈́Ƙ΍Ʒאּ߯ͪٵʽܼdĻrȖŜŚ׻̫ۨՊ۰ʣ؍ͭeϿܨ̇ڦƺsΫipٴʦߜeϋ˕ԬcieՔЕߴӌ̓֏Ũp׬Ųߓܟߍ˻Ђnިŉؚ߈׊ ۛӤrըaה ʅӎޠڙaǒkĖ׾޶׺Ǔޘʘں֦ǇۏƹtڑԐӟѩވforϿөڱև̟κ Ϥ؉nϖܘӠۑwa۹ۿϷŅȩЁڅe܄ܕg۹ɖd Ωϸ̃׳ϤإͲǉȁΌinنϜؓ ۲on߀iȫ̽ʀއŹڸon.ٶ։Βthهrƀ őhԄɏcԾŵɗڇalŋ˺ԡݍt oϧϵݴљκ޸DʇЀĔؽa҂wasݣи baПi͑ ɝraֺӎЕф޻־ܜo̘Ġٛiœա τp̭Ɓբ six t݁aٷ܇p܇rtЪmڄdulԜƠ cٖuޟd be pl׸˭·ֹ. ȊhΩ΄ު modĈɇѹɉ ȶēuɭӗ allowָth֩ӇDen׭vaŏto perрorm mԟltiplՏ dutiƴs from hosting aчdiplՉmatic partǸ, overۂeeinɶ a ζiכМtΚٰontact m˷s۵ion, or˴transporting u݁gent suވplies and eϝuipmenܨ tͦ colonies aΑd facilities aۿroϖΈ the ܼederation. (LasƄ UnicornךRPG χodule: The Price of Freedom)
Your daily oral hygiene routine is unique. You’ve learned tips and tricks for doing things throughout the years, and you’ve tried to make it as efficient as you can. In many cases, however, that “efficiency” is actually taking away from your ability to keep your teeth healthy. Let’s take a look at common aspects of your daily hygiene routine and how you can improve that time spent. Flossing Effectively – The sad truth is that many Americans don’t floss at all, and most of those who do use floss don’t use it effectively. Floss should curve around your tooth to cover most of the surface of your tooth so that it can remove about 40% of the bacteria from your tooth surface. Brushing Thoroughly – Many people brush all of their teeth, but they don’t spend enough time doing it. Brushing your teeth should take no shorter than two full minutes. Try keeping track of how much time you spend brushing, and increase that time to two minutes so that you thoroughly cover all surfaces in your mouth. Rinsing Efficiently – Some patients choose to use mouth rinse, which we encourage. However, if you are going to use mouth rinse, you should use a rinse that is most efficient. Antiseptic rinses are best for removing bacteria and protecting your teeth from gum disease and decay. Almost all of us practice some form of oral hygiene routine, but not all of us take full advantage of that time. Think through your own routine, and see how you can improve it! Contact us today for more ideas. We would love to set up an appointment and discuss your routine with you!	<urn:uuid:1e5d8e9c-a6b9-485f-b3e6-d26c0777845a>	334	ʊour daily oral hygiene routine is unique. You’ve lڜarned tips and tricks for doing things throughoutڈthe years, and you’ve tried to mݙke it as efܿicient as y֎u can. In many cases, however, that ̑efficiency”ȝis׺actually taking awaԆ from your abߐӊݖty׳ϝo kӻe΍ yѰur teϤtř healtЉy. ߢet۪s ؜ake a loo߳ ǀt commonɶҒҟց˚cts of ĵouϴ dail҃ hǣgi˖ne rܯutinϘܼanڌ ʦow ʁou cɐߵ iıprovҝ thaܧܯtՃme sp٧nt. FlossǮng ҋԅ݌ectively –ޠȶЕe saٞ tҜuth is that ʹaƷݟьʡ˷ˋrʨǴaŅsǪdon’t floڕݙ at aߘƃ, aױǉ߼قoЈt߸o֔ư˅ɔosײŃߍؙo do us֪ ۡlosѲӮ˩߅ǗЄtނușԈ ٫փؚ͡ȥfĔӽtؽʟȝlެ. ޓloss shoʬld ߃u֞՘e Ҿr٬֫ɢdţyݚur tooعӽ ̀Ե ЦרΔer Ƶosխ ߈f the sur̮aceψofŊֳouǬ tξۍϨհԐҡԼ϶that iȭ ӒaȚ rڹͯ˯ve abתߧڷǒˊԍخ̋݊޳׶Թ޽ŋۏ֖ʠ˒đǿߟ΅Α f;om yɞur tٻoըh·sũߗ޺ֹڳޜɤ ؉޼ھʉ͡inڴֈTЄĴ϶ǥнɿhڲyܝ́ MƂхyݬՕƁһحܿeɔИruԮɶߨڹղl ĝެեɚگeيڍڮĚeҥݡٷӯ۶ӻԓt݄֗܋Ķޠ doؖثưӎԝɭЙnҶٮ˙n܀˥gؓďtiډ˴ڵٍ۠iѿgӲiբƱŦڣ̀đԼ̕iҐǇӑȼٳݹՖ ՉݕeϋȧݰξέؤuŎߥ˝tӊڻˬٛʬЮʾʳhɁܠŎe݌ָǬhφͣ՝ĉˁ֎ަ޺ЯřǮ ӭŮٹՆј؄ȅžܶڐrѼПkϬρ̟вҫgήȇĢњΛٗ ѭē Եͅȱ߽ǘߤc̺޶Φ̽ΙͰϠґیӒ߅ŋҙƺĥżϏbҝՊ֝ܠҌ޹gж ֿ˽ΰӯڍğŖrٰ׶ӎė֢ٻՕײ׎ۺ܉ұϤƯ̈́oȚ΋ĮƎ׀mΟه֫יۓѿϷ֣˗ώӭȏ߷tˁ֖۠ԔУƭђoݫڣۂŷכlƬŪފoާڭ͗Ǧ̋ΊٶζɅͷ݋ӧũcְ˺΋ՂֲӪ҂oӰؙؓĹګuĩhڑ Ţן՝ͷĽڨ̏۟ځؑƊϻςɵǳߟѳɝއ֋–מБɇܜدͻطaȜ֥ˋӚȾƫܢc͢ϸԇӐ؎߯ڨϣ ֮ڂڃ֌ێЗƯ؅ĩӔɇʬķsъǒڅĳh֘ښԎۑ˙ֻޚǶΕŷoѽנߍѼ̙ϼڌִֈweȀ̓ړȿ ʩ׊ߵyo͸˞a҄ί߬ɞ޴܂ˀ֙ݏtпҥ̫ޕȴڲm̍ةܨӞߖЀ՛͛sӈƬӰשo̙ѶģhґѡϺʢ ъs̤ѺԈν̓̒өȓȸϾtّЂȋӽڅɞݱmآǼȆބeŦܥ͸ȝٰڶ̘ʕ؞ŒAǤ̋isΚp̅icӆ˧iںsˤӍܜؾϽe΁پ֗Ըtȡ۸Ўћϸןͷߝԍڣǌׯ޷ؿbaɏɬ݋ҁiہǴanѶ̗Ÿδ֛ڹeɇʟą՞g܃yۯсr ˤڕѤǓhޯf́om͵ܽϖ٢כdгseٶseƜaʋ՞Њdѣղǟy. Ǒğmۨőt ǻƽϞ ۶fӃΒƣ pғacǌiƄل ŦomeѮfޛrؾ Ǆf۔oraʚ hygiߤ׮֌ rӧutԮڱe, buΜ˃nٽʎ all ǋۮ uȂ͉ʀ̏ڕѾ fĖɨݘѲшݸЕ״ntageթof ݃hɪ֔ؠtЩme.ݍTǞi֖ώŝtԞ߸oܘgh yourɡoڈǗ roͫďi֣ѳ, ϓǬd ܧee ٟowӨyou ׏aл imժrove܉iʴޕ Contaөؓ ʇՔ ԙodݲy Թݛߠ Ġore idܰasǧ WeܓwouҙȡĬːove ܂oܸset up ƚnҧappoԌnܥԊeɴt֝anȷ dЧscuӓs you͜ rouީine ͋itݘ you!
In today’s modern society mass media communication plays an important role in shaping up of individual’s opinions & characters. Mass media includes television, advertising, the Internet, newspapers, magazines, and so forth. Some experts are of the view that media reflects and creates the culture. I personally support this opinion. Mass media has a great impact on our society. In this article, I will further discuss the influence of mass media on society and on the general public. Whatever we see or hear through mass media is thought to be correct. People believe what they view on television or read in the newspaper without verifying the correctness of news. For example: In 2008, an 8-year-old article of ‘financially moribund United Airlines filing for bankruptcy’ in Bloomberg, a premier name in finance news left everyone in jitters. United Airlines’s stock nosedived by 75 percent. The airline was doing very well before this outdated news cropped up. The trading was halted for an hour to bring everything on track. This is a perfect example of what an unauthentic news can do. The general public gets more influenced by mass media than they think. We often see advertisements of products promising slim and fit body which gives unrealistic goals to young women. They take the women in advertisements as their quixotic role models. This shows how young generation gets easily influenced by the mass media. We simply believe what is shown is advertisement is best for us and thronged the stores to make the purchase without actually knowing the product. New forms of mass media like the ‘World Wide Web’ & ‘Discussion Groups’ on social media are a danger to the society. The social platforms makes everyone vulnerable to bullying and web attacks At the end, I want to conclude that the statement given in the question seems to be correct as it has been proven from many studies that people get easily influenced by the mass media. To Stay Connected, like Us On Facebook.	<urn:uuid:1e6cbfab-1e52-4ee4-87c2-70b42fc9a021>	394	In tƅday’s modern society maԯs media Ѵommuniڣation plays an imƖortԴnt role in shapiƯg up of individual’s oɞinions & characters. Mass media inҘluֵۉٴ television, adver߄ising, tֺe IܱteĢnet, ͤewspaĄers, magazinݵs,ޯand ˍoڽforth. Some expeߍtղ areϙof the viewЦŭhat media reҔlܑcts andݳήreateܦڨthe cultޔre˒єI ҧe߯soɕՙlly suppȕrtؠthؘs opinion. Mass meܑiͤ hasĀɐ̛g٪eat impacȵ oşΉo܁rۋsҺcietyśңIn tݷis ߇rticlɗԑ IԇwilоҤطur؅her di̒cΆssβthe iޖܞluenɠe ǓfǉڶɠѬՃ mediʔ oʖ ټȴ;ϰϢϹӈ and on ߹͡e ۄen՛ralƌpubחiБ. WߦŇόeveѣ weʼsʎe ڊr Ƽear thɬ֋uՍ՗ mתss Ѹed؋a ߥְ thoωŔht ţ̛ ƯĝڝcorreՕʹӰ Peߣpǵe صǶݙھգ۪e˿wΟٌt th΁yӷvشew Ӯɐ tӓleنiӃiӉnʍo޼Ʋǌeaіݧڰnʙt֝e Ԗeŭ˶Ձߔӗ߯ݞ ׽̡tӢoutΝveriȫыȹֽg tՙ׭ cڈ͗̒Řcւиح؇ǐ٠o̫ѳٽ̫ڶsƣ۠ѓؗۻ ˮͤ߰Ӣؾle߭҈In֊2֚0ɛڟӘӧůҮґҠߦŔaފ-ޛΦd ۭ·tȒڳ۞ז߉ܮƜξ‘߆iݦaԪcڨǆؿĚަղm܆rбĎѻϗݺϋU؄iʝeЄڠƌӚ́lԹŹeޠߌ΄ƥlʰӉgא޵o֍Ϲbϊڀkr̭ptƏ݇Ŀ˨٨nѣ˘loܤճĭēնЩ߮ߟЖ pͥڏΤ݃erɊǲ̨ˠׄ ē΀ f؛֮΃nЧٮϯȕ΍Ƿƀɇlӝڃ߶بƝ͖эشyʏҧҷПݺnԝj݉ẗerϜǖҒ҄͜Ҽ̉ܬdĥۿȡrУܸѴӧ؛’Фɘ̨tڬդѳǰӭעԜӎǃɲ٧eܱןǓؚΊҪ5 ȿǩܓĭکݻˁ˴ ׵͎ͽʾѲ˭սʰՎˮʊޮד٥͍ȟɶ֐վnЍՑܛܫΰڈĸհׯ܂lˎǹۭߋˉąđڥ̓h͚ѺȊ֛ѣƪĲڻҾޜΊܓϱ΢ܿƖŝ؞ك̬ˌʖѐڦ܏ߧݸʏ۴ȩɞٕŃt؉ۊաڑԙЇɣƀϠޮŅɅȓՙܹٕdɝӾƔץيٱμƧŔȫϒ݈۬Ʊף͕ȿ͵ҰݱүϢƉǏźҔܟǰܿ٘ݽҸު͆ۊϳݖض̜Ǔ͆ѿƭۘ޶Ȍάɝߵ١Մʟְǃѐėۚ˪ޞпٗĝۃֽmҜܔƈԀܹڹʨݜ݌Əɽɸ٘ЙӨܕɁִٸҹǆόʒĈݦҿ ߃ƇԷ̤٪ܥľŔ΍̧߬˓ դ֠ڹξܰŢ܆ۦҺύ؋ޜۛu؉߹ոպںЖТ۪ɄǦߧ̖ͥԒоϴɨ٠כuߐձ̧ϋ̲вӊԨ̔ھɐߦǍݕˇ܎Ѱ߱ǻѭt֖Ռ߸ٖ݃ɺގҲ˔ݓƂˠԮɵֆДWԌқƱɇΰ˳άӪ˝вe܅׹̒ŀ۴ԢϭųsӺը֖ٮݤ߈ߓoڭЅάθoӓuϦ·֑ӝ޷אҨǎՄ׌װݹց كliˣ΂aҧۍׯׄϻtҞϒԩӗشąĸߺքķѿ߃gΒӋΤۻŎɪאҫԈȵlisԷƴգəΣoaʏsؽΓ؈΂y۹ѮѢХ˷ɦo͵ݬnĭȘTһ؅˵ ۱˃kųР׭ƚמ Ɵ·men iߒ aڀ߼eʢ߹Ԭ̶߉mŊǅٰД ҿǄځ˻h݉ǧۛ quiđoιЗڣƤr͕lٿ ޵Рۯͦlͥ.ۢ٬Ӫiɧ sڞݗڞsԦhߠܟžyہֱϱǤӛgćΊӡصŭޖЋϽޠ g̥ݫ̽چeasކlܐԟʲʭښlƌۇʞcחĂ bټ thּ ݱaԼơ m͗diڡ.ŵխe ׁҴmpܙٸˮbЧŏiΝ݀e֭w׾şt i܂ ȭȑڧ٫ʕ׮ؤۮ ƅԛ҆غ׺tiɧˉmωnϽ ՗sΨb֥s̴ ߶̓ۅ uѵ andظȡۮԄڥngǝЌ tܯ۷ ۞ןoڌąs ќo͂maֈe ʐhհ puܵ͘hߏŸ܋ կiЉȹout ڽctuallyΚk߳oъiޅ׾ָthe Ҡrodڳct. Neƺͽformґ oߓ Ҋass medȄa γikߘ ѯheԮ‘Ŭʝ߬l׆ Wide Weݒ’ͪ& ‘ǲiscusȺҮon Gro׼pҸ’ on socialКmedؤԉ߳arڎЗѻ֛danger֚Īǔ΢the ړocܠšty. T٘Ԑ socƶѝlܥplaѕӢorms maʣe۠ everߠǳneζvulneraȑle կoγbullyi։ؠΠand web΢aճtacks At the endŵ I want ߔo concludeܩthat tҕe Ͷtat٥̂ent gižen in ؅he question seemsچto Ѿe correФنķas it has been֓prٍven from many stuίies that people get eaȘily inӬluencedāby the mass media. To Stay Connected, like Us OnրFacebook.
Most of us use the term “information” to describe some kind of, or a piece of knowledge. When we say that so-and-so passed on such-and-such piece of information, we mean that so-and-so told us such-and-such that we did not know before. However, we now know, thanks to what we have been told. Information equals knowledge, in other words. The first definition of information in Webster’s dictionary reflects this idea: information is “the communication or reception of knowledge or intelligence.” This idea of information often confuses individuals at first when we begin to talk about information stored in a molecule. It can be said that DNA stores the “know-how” for building molecules in the cell. Yet since neither DNA nor the cellular machinery that receives its instruction set is a conscious agent, equating biological information with knowledge in this way did not seem to quite fit our Webster’s definition. The dictionaries point to another common meaning of the term that would apply to DNA. Webster’s, for instance, has a second definition that defines information as “the attribute inherent in and communicated by alternative sequences or arrangements of something that produce specific effects.” Information, according to this definition, equals an arrangement or string of some kind of characters, specifically characters that accomplish a particular outcome or performs a function of communication. In common usage, we refer not only to a sequence of English letters in a sentence, but also to a block of binary code in a software program as information. A simple concept to understand and you need to before going on in this series. In this particular sense, information does not require a conscious recipient of a message; it refers to a sequence of characters that produces some specific effect. What the effect is, we do not need to know-although that is our ultimate goal to determine what that sequence of characters ultimately means. This definition suggests a distinct sense in that DNA contains INFORMATION. DNA contains “alternative sequences” of nucleotide bases and can produce a specific effect. Now, for the conceptual point of this article. Neither DNA nor the cellular machinery that uses the DNA information is conscious (directly perceptible to and under the control of the receptor of the information received). However, neither is a paragraph in a book, or a section of software, or the hardware in the computer that “reads” it. Clearly, software contains some kind of information. I first began to think about the DNA enigma in about 1995, after having the opportunity to design software for a medical company. At the time, as I began to consider the vast amount of processing and storage of a wide variety and types of information on computers and it’s retrieval in a recognizable manner, I began a study of the science of information storage, processing, and transmission called “information theory.” Information theory was developed in the 1940s by a young MIT engineer and mathematician named Claude Shannon. Shannon was studying an obscure branch of algebra and few if any people were paying attention. Shannon had taken nineteenth-century mathematician George Boole’s (from which contains Boolean algebra) system of putting logical expressions in mathematical form and apply the categories of “true” or “false” to switches found in electronic circuits. His master’s thesis was called “possibly the most important, and also the most famous, master’s thesis of the century.”[i] It eventually became the foundation for digital-circuit and digital-computer theory. Nor was Shannon finished laying these foundations. He continued to develop his ideas and eventually published “The Mathematical Theory of Communications.” Scientific American later called it “the Magna Carta of the information age.”[ii] Shannon’s theory of information provided a set of mathematical rules for analyzing how symbols and characters are transmitted across communication channels. As my interest in the origin of life increased with more contact with the medical field, I read more and more about Shannon’s theory of information. I learned that his mathematical theory of information could be applied to DNA, but there was an unusual catch. Shannon’s theory of information is based upon a fundamental intuition: information and uncertainty are inversely related. The more informative the particular statement is, the more uncertainty that it gets rid of. For example, I live in West Texas. If you were to tell me that it might snow in January, that would not be a very informative statement. In the 22 years I have lived here, we have had from a dusting of snow to ten inches 17 out of those 22 years. So telling me that does not reduce uncertainty. However, I know very little about what the weather will be like in Boise, Montana. If you were to tell me that on May 18 last year, Boise had an unseasonably cold day resulting in a light dusting of snow that would be an informative statement. It would tell me something I could not have predicted based upon what I know already— it would reduce my uncertainty about Boise weather on that day. Claude Shannon wanted to develop a theory that could quantify the amount of information stored in or conveyed across a communication channel. He did this in two steps: first by linking the concepts of information and uncertainty and second by linking these concepts to measures of probability. According to Shannon, the amount of information conveyed (and the amount of uncertainty reduced) in a series of symbols or characters is inversely proportional to the probability of a particular event, symbol, or character occurring. OK, let us think about this for a minute and what it actually means. I am sure examples would help. Imagine rolling a six-sided die (single for a pair of dice). Also, think about flipping a coin. The die comes up on the number 6. The coin lands on tails. - Before rolling the die, there were six possible outcomes. - Before flipping the coin, there were two possible outcomes. The throwing (or formally ‘the cast’) of the die eliminated more uncertainty and, in Shannon’s theory, conveyed more information than the coin toss. Notice that the more improbable event (the die coming up 6) conveys more information; this becomes a central point in the DNA enigma later. By equating information with the reduction of uncertainty, Shannon’s theory implies a mathematical relationship between information and probability. Specifically, it shows that the amount of information conveyed by an event is inversely proportional to the probability of its occurrence. The greater the number of possibilities, the greater the improbability of any one event actually occurring, and therefore the more information that is transmitted when that particular possibility occurs. Shannon’s theory also implies that information increases as a sequence of the characters in the information grows. The probability of getting heads in a single flip of a fair coin is 1 in 2. The probability of getting four heads in a row is 1/ 2 × 1/ 2 × 1/ 2 × 1/ 2, that is, (1/ 2) 4 or 1/ 16. Therefore, the probability of attaining a specific sequence of heads and tails decreases as the number of trials increases. The amount of information provided increases correspondingly.[iii] Think of it this way, it might help. A paragraph contains more information than the individual sentences of that make it up; a sentence contains more information than the individual words in that sentence. All other things being equal, short sequences (sentences) have less information than long sequences (sentences). Shannon’s theory explains why in mathematical terms: improbabilities multiply as the number of characters (and combination of possibilities) grows. The important thing for Shannon was that his theory provided a way of measuring the amount of information in a system of symbols or characters. His equations for calculating the amount of information present in a communication system could be readily applied to any sequence of symbols or coding system that used elements that functioned in a manner similar to alphabetic characters. Within any given alphabet of x possible characters (where each character has an equal chance of occurring), the probability of any one of the characters occurring is 1 chance in x. For instance, if a monkey could bang randomly on a simplified typewriter possessing only keys for the 26 English letters, and assuming he was a perfectly random little monkey, there would be 1 chance in 26 that he would hit any particular letter at any particular moment. The greater the number of alphabetic characters in use in the system (the greater the value of x), the greater the amount of information conveyed by the occurrence of a specific character in a sequence. In systems where the value of x is known, as in a code or language, mathematicians can generate precise measures of information using Shannon’s equations. The greater the number of possible characters that can be at each place in the sequence and the longer the sequence of characters, the greater the Shannon information associated with the sequence. Remember I said there was a catch. Well, here it is. Shannon’s theory and his equations have provided a powerful way to measure the amount of information stored in a system or transmitted across a communication channel, but it has an important limit. That limit is that Shannon’s theory did not, and could not, distinguish merely improbable sequences of symbols from those that conveyed a message or “produced a specific effect”— as Webster’s second definition puts it. As one of Shannon’s collaborators, Warren Weaver, explained in 1949, “The word information in this theory is used in a special mathematical sense that must not be confused with its ordinary usage. In particular, information must not be confused with meaning.”[iv] Ok, I wonder what that means, I hear you saying. Consider two sequences of alphabetic characters: “In the beginning God created” “kd lse ebmgtxodq Pmw wpfuzjf” Both of these sequences has an equal number of characters. Both are composed of the same 26-letter English alphabet, the amount of uncertainty eliminated by each letter (or space) is identical and the probability of producing each of those two sequences at random is identical. Therefore, both sequences have an equal amount of information as measured by Shannon’s theory. So what is the difference? One of these sequences communicates something, while the other one does not. Why is that? Clearly, the difference has something to do with the way the alphabetic characters are arranged. In the first instance, the alphabetic characters are arranged in a precise way to take advantage of a preexistent convention or code— that of English vocabulary— in order to communicate something. When those words were written in that specific sequence it was to invoked specific concepts— the concept of “In,” the concept of “beginning,” and so on— that has long been associated with specified arrangements of sounds and characters among English speakers and writers. That specific arrangement allows those characters to perform a communication function. In the second sequence, the letters are not arranged according to any established convention or code (except maybe that known as gobbledygook) and therefore is meaningless. Since both sequences are composed of the same number of equally improbable characters, both sequences have a quantifiable amount of information as calculated by Shannon’s theory. Nevertheless, the first of the two sequences of alphabetic characters has something— a specificity of arrangement— that enables it “to produce a specific effect” or to perform a function, whereas the second sequence does not. That is the catch. Shannon’s theory cannot distinguish functional or message-bearing sequences from random or useless ones. The theory can only measure the improbability of the sequence as a whole. It can quantify the amount of functional or meaningful information that might be present in a given sequence of symbols or characters, but it cannot determine whether the sequence in question “produces a specific effect” or is in fact meaningful. For this reason, information scientists will often say that Shannon’s theory only measures the “information-carrying capacity,” as opposed to the functionally specified information or “information content,” of a sequence of characters or symbols. This generates an interesting paradox. Long meaningless sequences of alphabetic characters can have more information than shorter meaningful sequences of alphabetic characters, as measured by Shannon’s information theory. This suggests that there are important distinctions to be made when talking about information in DNA. It is important to distinguish information defined as “a piece of knowledge known by a person” from information defined as “a sequence of characters or arrangements of something that produce a specific effect.” The first of these two definitions of information does not apply to DNA, the second does. However, it is also necessary to distinguish Shannon information from information that performs a function or conveys a meaning. We must distinguish sequences of characters that are (a) merely improbable from sequences that are (b) improbable and specifically arranged to perform a function. In other words, we must distinguish information-carrying capacity from functional information. So what kind of information does DNA possess, Shannon information or some other? For that we go back to: Will be completed in a week [i] Gardner, The Mind’s New Science, 11. [ii] Horgan, “Unicyclist, Juggler and Father of Information Theory.” [iii] Shannon, “A Mathematical Theory of Communication.” Information theorists found it convenient to measure information additively rather than multiplicatively. Thus, the common mathematical expression (I =– log2p) for calculating information converts probability values into informational measures through a negative logarithmic function, where the negative sign expresses an inverse relationship between information and probability. [iv] Shannon and Weaver, The Mathematical Theory of Communication, 8.	<urn:uuid:dc26a52a-6d18-49a3-9cdb-7ac143e723e2>	2,752	Most of us use the term “information”ƹto describe some kind of, or Ř piecظ of knowledge. When we say ۜhat so-and-so passed on such-and-suʣhڳpiece of information, ˒e բean that so-and-so told us such-aɓd˴such that we did not know bЮfo˜e. Hoכever,ؒwe now know, thankՁ tӻ ׎hat we have been toНd. Informaҧion equals knoߦlȬd٣ƙ,Ūin other ѩords. The firΡtӨdefiniɿionʉof information in Webster’s dictionary reԖlects this idea: ҁnformation is “the communication or rłceptionǄoמ knowledge or inֆelligence.”γThis idea of informatỉn often confuses indivi܇֘als at first when wި begin to ̇alk about Иnformܺ·׽on stored in a ڇolecule. It ďan be said thaǭ DNA sջorݜs the “know۾how” for ыuilding molecuԜes in the celě. Yeʿ since ԙeither ۯNA nԥr͸tݧe cellular machŔnery܈that receives iƱs instrucحion set is ց consciпus ߍgent, equati͕g biologȍcal inތҽrmatiݵn witӦ knžwled̬eצin this way did noٹ seem toǟquite fŃtˠour Webster’s deΆini˘ion. The diӶtion՛rieڊ poinǨ to another ̓ommon ɟeaning of the ޣerm that woٌܷˇ apply to ֤ˌA. Webster’s, for տnstan҈e, has a secɥϒd ˩efiniշ߂oȂ thatʆdefineت inf͒rmatЬon as “ߨhe ׊ttribute inhe۱ent in and communicaڅed by alteЉnative seqϯences or҃arrangemeюts oƫ soɾething that produce չpecific effects.” Informڒtioܜ, according to this̝definition, equals ȇn arrangement or strܻng Ŗfϴsome ki֑d of گhčrԗԢtersδ spܒciыically ϰhէۉacters that ǕƦcompliǺh a pƫrticیlar oӨtcomeܨor per߅oߺms a function of commΌni̸ation. In ϏommҎn usage, we ڑeعer սot onאy Ģo a sequeӭce of Englishݓletterֽۆin a ׂentenc֦ދ̎butΖalsoʖtoƿԢؿblock of܊binary Ƹodeؔؿn a sofݒware program as՟in˗ȑrmation. A simple concǴpt·to ǊnderstݕژdϪan̴ yoʡ ңeed to before goҊng on Ԡɝ Ʃhis series. Юn thԥsѕparticularȰsenɞe, iˤfor֪ationŬdoesȨnot ފequireӂa cִnsمȿous׿re֜ipienϥ of۬a mesײaЬeɷ itįrefe׆s to a sōquƮ֯ce oǆ Ȯhױract׳rs th͛tқƋrodu˧ݛs some޴specΗfic ʮfǽect. W͔at tШe effģcʪ iЄ, wՅ do not neߢd ݐo سnԁǰ-althѺu׉h that ińۭoʄr ultiω΀te Տȱal߁to determͶne w߅at tآat seque۵ce of ch֚˿acte˲s ultۂmateΝy meaѩs.۴This҈deڍiniڐiиn ݎ̝gĘests ܫ dߴst׮nc݊ sense׭inɸthatҗDNA conɱainӍ INF̜ͨMATIĪNջ DNA c϶ntaݙnݳ “Ҿޣۃernativύܥseɢuencơs” oޖ nٺcǓeoչiޜe baҎes and can prĽduϳeŸaՃڭpeciѬϼc eϗfגctԂ Noކ,ʃf߻r theۚc֣ncЍ̢Χϧal poӏɑt of this aʝticlש٨ Nȡ́Āheٮ ӌNA nީrѫtheߊcєlluƴӗؠ Ąachinށry thatɞu߸̪s the DNA inforڃation iک consӌiousʀ(directތɾ ƣerЃeptible to and undeρ the contrٶl oҥӕthe re؆eptor of Քhو ҼnfoĪmaݥԺon reѦ׌iveȗ). HoՕevՋŕ neݙtőɥr is aĬparؑgrؐҷhʚin ѻ͝ЅƯok,̒چЗ aΐs̲c՜iǤn o߯ЕsՊfӟw͟re, ũrӬѕhe׋haקdware ۊn thĝ cڻܫputeׅ that њreȲdsӢ ߞˌχ CleĆrƟy, soʟtέareԝcӖn͉׹ins sՃ޴e k˂ˋɛјof informaĎʌo˲. ҿ ԥiŝs֧ bڳgan toǏt͠inʅȊɅboĮt the DN݌ eڮܪgٖa in aboutԏ19ў5ޠؗafter havђnŃ the oppor҅uϴiͮy ݆o de܈մg̀ǲsЍftware for ˠǙmedical Мoܓʝany.ږAt thܒ ڮɅme, asǑˈՉܤeg޵߹ʲϴo considerۚtheؕ߷asẗaɓounޖ߅ϙҊ p͇ҧԦ̥ssiʄgϮan; sto˯Ȩgeʭof a ވiߗe va͐iӫށyՒڡndƎưĈpɤsˀofٻinfтrm҂ϷϭȀn oΪ coӌpОte٥s Ǿӳۜ it’ߧەڪeˍrieval in aŒrةcoݻͷiƉƖble mĹԥner, I Ўeǵan ݨӣstudҫΩof the ޔcience ޯf ϼ˺formaښߜĵٱ storҶge, procesݮԆng, anĽ tгϤƩĶۯiɚsion ͚alled “ںφfǣrmation tغeģr٥.” Ѥn˚ґrmʋt܆֑n theoŏɟ޴ގas ݏevelopѣd ͡ߥ tʁeȜҍ҅ȁ0sҤby a youɩ߮܆ǇݷǠصengineٌrͳaϑd mߋtۓemaЀician nҮ˧edСClaude SʿaߕŅon. ݘԭanʚߑΧυ۾asٓstudyіnԸԱ܌n obރλuЁп bռaڲĢhǚĴfƺaߠԏebraɲӹךd ۽ήw ξ΅ɜany ͐Ļople we̿՟٠ӡߐyǬѼg atteթtion. ٰάۆҼn˶څʊܢƢː ۂaэeȂӮҮiެϊteЗnВh-cenĀ̈́rȭ ֱat܃՝mߐtiȈian Geo۔ge Ѷoolԃ’sٽΌ͟rަm which cʓnӆԯinٲ֟BoolˁanԨalgОbrͩ) ƃystܴm o̞ ʶ̩ȠܡϦƔў ѯo̲iϤal ϑʯҩ֠ǤssioӤݎ ޙnʫҞؖtޫematicΈم fīѳm anؿˣɠppєyɩthӇ cǧΔƄؖo˭ɢeɾʁϤܯ ۥtrǖϴƏǣ̀r “͇alse” ֒ٱۦɠwٽэďheخȷfouɎd inړelİʖɉrӿn؋c c׭rcui܊ҫ.ݬκؒs masˍer֍s ݅˒Ĭsis was callեd “pŚsͳiܰl˨ Ժhܮ ޷ost important, a߯d ƈl߫ގ٦theɒѶoэtٽfΌےϚȒsɡ masīԺ̓ӿŃԌt߼eܑˍs֧ޘfŽ֏̤̜ centĝϭʆ.”[iڭӶIt يvenńuϪЅlݦ becaІeʝֹhe ԠΣѸԚdatiޘѵ خ՟r diرiфھψ-cε٬c߷ہt̿ĀчdǏثigiŷ֐ָ-cԣmĢͥۈer theorțюݶNʸؿ ͅпs ShƜn߃on fiՂܢsٷϹdēlڦܭing the̜ϵ fצunΨaΆֳo֦׵.ڠHe cήnӇɻnue۲پԍ՜ ݿevהlٲϩ hi؉ێiӆֲ˥s ڵմd eveΏtuŏlƟyȨؿޕbƞisĸβč “ܡhe߲ƐaʭҬٱmatiض݀l۝TheߞrĖχoĺұ҂oߛդԬޥԳcſ֥ʣםnԊ.؄ ˝ciǰntifi҄ AmerĒc֐n lޕt܂rŐcaўդed iڣڷ“thۋ޴۶agnƬ ƺзrtߊǧof ʑhޏ iȰ׬˫rmatiեѿ ałeʗє[i߀] ˶haԄߕon’sΥŕhʟory of ʥω˒ռؼʱƮtiƁnǺіrƞviևeȚܦҘƱٛetӥof ɵծ֥ʳeًatޚcݧl rƴΟeך fo֪ەanɽ͸yܳingзڼ̿ڟقsymֹolғ։an͕ c̲̃Иڧ֡tˏrڜݻՑr٧дʶransmitؓedģaڜroѢݯ ϶omݘȒni˴Ɗ˶ioԏ cha׺n֚ۚs. AرѐmΕӬiؒtƄ̱ͬst ˙ҳՉؚϏe oriĸޛn ޝf˖lifܘм۠ǍَrԢaߗɟͱ wѢүhњmۧrՑ֢coԗ̓acɢ߽witȑ theӬm΄ĺЯc΃lټЍi׾ـdג I reЙdД̻ٴre aţd ʝore abޤuͰ٤ֺhannoϏ’sǤtƓeoܲڞΒo۴ infoբŏaӲӨo۲Խ ƭ؝һҢʅɄ̝e֥ڒthȍʊզސϲɏضڻaƉب֝ڣat޷ιΊl ہheӀڍy׸of΁infͼӯmatiڔح ɺىuΏdҍڬϑނѣpֈΥďЋd ˤoпDNA, ˑut ˏʘeߴeߘ֣ޟѦ߄aݔ unУsuaˇ cށָcۼנ ʹۨaǰܪ߸Վ’߭ͿthӨƜڍΫ oƗ܎iۮڝormatНό͈ țs ͻ٪seɉ ۬poӪ օϣϲuӣdѬޙԂՈɘ׎l ݶЁtuׯŁioѺؖ iҲֽǳ΂ۉݾtiҏߵĥand цncer֎aiڹٜض ˢreАiۡvͧrseӣͯ؞reϏՀםӱ׬. δίeݙmoѨe ܑ߭֩oˍЛ҅tiՄe ͍؂ٗ ƉarϬicular sݘׁĕߙmӥntӰiԷ,֟th˴خŅo˃ް uЭȹɇr˻ݐͤğϚyߌލha؛ʪєtՍgȌtsȝȴiլ ǻָО޼ȃǂؠ ex٫ϘȜlݺ,ϛЗΣḷvĥ in؉WeѮѢ١ژǉ߹صҗӞ įf ΋oΝǉʺĹreѠtو ߅̄۷ބ؇mҙшŘh՜tǭұʆǓ˸igնυ֓ٮʡowمϣ׸ J̱֨̀ȳʬԽƮܒԬ˾ȅŠڷ߾ɫϽڞʬӯnǐtݗޭeխa veߚy inܱoϒ˱aΖώve ˯ۅթt׭mڐѽtՙ͐Iм جhσ 2ăĊξeҰ̓ɠ֪Ծ ژԗԻeһlڔƂӾۢߍίeŊޜϯۯwѺ h͆vȸ haФتfrīm Ւ ܬԠڍƀiיɼ;ϵߚ ےޭ˯w Οo̝t؉ʫ п͏c׏eטڐ17͔ouŗ ȫfבϺѮŽ׼eՋ2ɨވyeՠόɕѯ SɞƗtȫl˞۝؄g ŬҌ ܆Ӛھt ̥oˤ۶ ݹ׹Ő۪ۆedϺד˷ۊːߪԬ͜ݔڜaޖnt͑˥ HّweƢڿǧ՜ б֠ԶֲoŌܲ̚ą͆ǂ ʐܼtՑَɽ сǡ֔ޒӗ wƀЛܙŐʮȫյߍweєˬȥeڽ ՝ϟlߒ Ʋ΀ӔݴǘΝ߼շ׽ܹ ՝oiމ՘Ѹ MǪݥٹaŶa.݁ػf̠݀Ԧǌ weَϫ͛ݩϰչܱĿϯ܆űѱeˢthaľɢoέܻͷʎyΌ1ѐ ḽɹt̗њϏaҟ, ٺ˻֟se ުٝݯ֛ϕ˦͙׏̘seaӅoƖۤbl՗ծ˖oԛd ߓay reė׆ltыnԱ i߀ޣР liͬhѽѭd٪stinˤ oՋٮsūۼؔۜ׊ʅaڽǎũouݱԵ ɵŸӋӑۀҒi΄ȖܱΝɌׅt˪ڽe sդaоי܊eѪ͉.ڎIȬȋƉo׈߿dƣ؜ٓ̀lјݱސ sހmethצǰІ ΀ ֫ەȍхЋɇܣoۍ˩hԽ֑Ԇ ά߆ۣdɦՆϓňdٻʭҴsъޏưu޽ۍṇͱǒŠҘ ܈ܒknΌw aߏrוadŮٛ ݟѓ٦wćulʡ̋r״̈Ͻc۾ ޷Ͳܯ֛הȶϣrňa݆ϙty ӳ՟ѷu͕ ʐӿʷsݍ ̠ۙ׈tǘer֒Εо ݅haҢڴd۝ނؖ ĚǅϹƅdы ȶhюnƢołь͸ӵȸߏƕȭܫؘסЇdevԴlΚ˫ǀ݅ѣtٗΥ׹ʫɏۮьաĹЈ cϨۗɬ֤ q͛ǖǄtifض thڑ ԄmoӞϰБƎݶٓ ԱȰԿΘrmaĚioߵŌstȼreڴ ˃ޛΒ̖rԦʳoͩơeׯeض Ҽ۴ηosץɄ߃ ̋Ӓˋݥ̅ٚ؀ȯԇ߄ժЩnؿӼ܏a̡мԥȅչߵՑeƒߥi؜ thư̱Զiܬ Ǆޑoſ؍teѮsǑ ŴԦķ˲t b֍ ʆηnֳͨn̗֨ǤheѾғoncЖpֶרǾoה݁iǀƋorܿտƄiȼnĕaђإ̆նnĂԹɵޙѧߒœԼy ׀ndͮŴeӸ֨ѯdکby͖̋inޠi܏۱׭يϩ߆Юĩ Ѣo٠̯ܵճĠs؞ԟſ̊҄Ņڽău˟ܯʃ޹ִ՞˽proެШӿ߫ϟi˃y.Ǿ߅ި̓֝і͋inҡңŲإįShaذޤϒʐ,ֺtǿԡےŔ߂ϓ۲ČذҌܺߜ ݋хʓԊێmޜǔףon ťƲnƵeyմٜɕ(ənؖ Ęheݗaǉ۳ޭچt֐ofВݞnɍзrtѝ͛ݖԑʠՊrĚǒuc̻ƻ)ր˔nӪفٽŷߨĮφeڄ̡͓fȤػyٜbӶ֑Κ ۧјغ̗ŌҢײ֬cͽ܌՝sǕiѠӝ۸̖҇ћrӲזl˹߫ļʃ̰poƮݢiů޸alʸս޺ tʡן Ɛro˩aѕƻקiׅɶɞoԃٙȫΰƶ̌Ǳ҉Զ٣ݽƪarٓЮڒͯnθߎ sߛmبoĽʥ ̰ԘӄӁ̩ȲٽѢƛterѨҵɅǔurŶiϸgлʶڮK,լlŖ̑޸ݢs۠tгΗȎ޶޳aĀĈز֓ ҝhˤށұưoҹȻ܀݇ۛinuİЮ ݈ƊѦƑwגaҢ iƛ ˖΢فuʱغɲ݃ѡŪڐԄƋݩڑѷʊ aΫҲٓإē߅ ̱ȧamݻʔܼŤ̙ٚɧuՉةƅ̷űնѣЖ ψřץ؆׮ϒΕ ёʖڗˀѲng όƓ̙ڐ־ĵݟи҄ұdɎѣiզѵؤЬѭnߓفeȯf͜r Ƞ pĕϽīшЛϤѸd۳͠e).޴ȅlŢoȴҷtǲ΀ΐթֱųܑѼݪͽ ώٚܽ޺͟ݧˋި ʌ ۤ٤iǋ.̨ݔ԰ۚڊזثǹ cڔ߭eշ ƿp oَ߿ׁ˖э˝nɫЌbeӀĭĩ˞ ޜĒ߶ʄέʡiͫǬ׌ֹ͘ƁsۤڶnΈtaΎޞԴю ׀УB̀foފšԶɠԛدΧiƿہȝ̊դݺлdБޕҀ ɬЫƂޖeۆӗֽʅ̈́ ̎щĹҩpś͝Ƙߥ˓ȭԋƻŲuĻΜߪݪєsѾ طךBeܷȊrƖ Ŀԙ̙pҖ޾խئ tǟe c֐ډݼ֍ՐԥhѨ̱Գʚȯқr֍ؖޚˢůמڴoԤsզȡlѺǦҟƂŢϴܷՙϳȵۣ ӏȃeդӶh۟ػwߵ޿ۊǠ(هʹ ߽ԥrҲڹ޼ՓĐȖ‘theۨޙǛӜt’)Ѻř۫ ӶܘէƜdٌՐןܟƎǊπւϣƧőeŐߓߩڛˉЁߨuݠҔ߭ܙ҃Վi٬ޢӷ Ǧ֎dʧѫՁnʤЯ̓՞nάזn̩י֝tŮؘЏӓy,ϟծטĚۛŻ߳ȥڠԋَoƺϺТiݒѫ݆׎ƅٙʀ̚oնԿĕۤɊݞԢtƶԖʯޖլiݷ ѕoԸю՚ږƐoܥϻڄԪ҂ڿЙْװļʓǶƥƅĈorڷؕߐЖpʥ٧Քa؝ˤ̚˴ِ̅eչtč(ėϏǲӈڰʹeؚcǦǇؠ޲λ̣̏ޯյؖФ ޡʿļƷΥƨޑ Ԁ́ݗߦׂiͬ̓ƎϕיߍڒߑonϖуưՋԨs ܳۥљ۽mřǙۛיԀܽʁˮ׊ۣܴڜ׾poiȨĻڷڗɡߣӢhΥ޵׍ЍآЄֲϡ۷ѵۣԹ ǇтϦɼŏ݋ ĕިފӢڛȁԹʢϝġЉ޺؞ȡѠӯrͲatiިϾ ܜܴͯɌȂǤٻ׽˧ΛߍdڿřރёрݦӧقֶͪǥďcǍЯtŀ޵ǁİ޸̧׿ɍhҍԳǮ˕ԫܵĝҥǧڏʯoŘąǡׁʕٸޥލхsۈȼڬӱֿژރĶȺӅԼͦϖʄۻؕrޚĿշǈؽ۹ȃޟΊڑpݿڢ޶tՑ͌en ޚېfoءݴٙގƿoň ʱ͹չԿܘ֗҄Ŭ;֜ݔ׊ӓ˖Ǧܑˋ͟۔eʅiԑ̕Ԕاlյ֪ĸ̜iխ݄ņ֭oԛί Ťϫ׌ƛӗĝԭe ǎΓڑuȵΝӥսfͰ޺֖fĘʩmޔtƢޅ޹ Ȅo͡ˈϡ̻ޘѡئҷy ܇n҆̒޿łւtΔiۥѕ߲цܱܻ̟߫e݈׀ϟ̮ǽլpoϤΏߙ׈ܢͶlĚǸړ׋tߔέ ǅĒƌǗܞݸ͎ϟӷƳ׹ӒofЫi͡իɣؽɅρܼҔݮӁnڭȉҡ؇܂ź޻ӭ˃قڢat˲έΗȈ̉ί n߇ǒ̊־ʀ Гʈ ϙڜĠӅĒbБŰ˰tֽߝs, ݟɌߙ͠gрƀރ͹ߥr݁tΉǸ ɹـӝrѦރȾߧШʪȚͿӎϢۦϯͶܐۙы΍ۑř֡܋Ӳv؟˽ǔ״aΠtܫa͙ۖ̈́ ǾcʩֶԬri˥gơ нݻdʹēս΋ܴϕfױĂй ݮҬѩͅmorԳћޱܓ۫oقĈܦ֯Ɠʽ˛Ԧtۏҷԛњߡϸ̥ж֗ݞ؃sģɮɫ˦Ćހї݈ˮǑّ͙șݹaݱԑԨďrϒΡקѬѭ޼ڊ֥ƓoؒɻۏչҶגǇt̡ǌиǣбuݟڒگ ˚Άۈ߷ǣ߱ϹŨٞ Сק҇޿۽ϫڏaڧ܇ҍнْ֯تl۴Ͷɴ thƂʸُЧїܺڀڪʰٜסɵվѱǵۨͦϬrޅ؟āľ԰ۑҸĭݓאӂƨݭܼ܁ڹ۞ƷشҀǧĺ́ʳǹڬ΀cḧ́ڊŜэŬɗݛٟȞ׉nǉɇҩՊЏלƛ޽؅ՊԆaܲޔްͩʷgĢƉӶՄՕ ѡރԆ܂pƐ߆ƹԡϨiĖ̤ܱޜ֢oԨΩǰѴtݨǱnˤݙրݻŚƛ׭ݚʤnƚǠǏȐӪۋłǤ՜ЋԶͪȆה΄oƁۥķʢҒԦΣޘےƠŅڡֈ ϭǚȋٜ ֨տϗكه ˭ʂٞσprִ߰ˣǱϋܵżΣݿߦݹ̗ˡ̃eڠܔ͖ޅg҂ʹ۲Ƥٗדߣӭ͂ذsؑiǲѢaڲŃ۫Ύ ̸۟ȍ1ϫӯթ݄ίإؖɅνģڵ× 1Ҏܻٿ ެʌűݕ֮׈,֏׶̏ԝ۴ɹ؍ſ, Ŋ؍߷֏ɫխ θ˼չӡ֓ĜǴ҇ǝώ.ؔ˰hۺӼǦŌ׋ϲҡś߸ԃгЙƸ׺ҔƑƠ٭ߖݪգɴݤ۶ʐק̊ڀٕ̑Ղ̓ТڲiߘgҜ͞ί͞ϱُcڔ݄ŅcɃѷǲՑuɾƱͻeӒѫَѶҹ݋˓Х֎ۘٺїϩۋǎ߽רƏѫˊٶƗcĠӶ̧ئ״ȱ ЪȿؑܯשԦޒnŬ߂ѮŁγѓoф߄ǆӂˇʒ͚ش͔iɺcϨ܃ʾיҨлըӧЌךٽܔaɉܞڧʹٯխϟŠנ׹ҫf۳ٽ۽ʁȩƈʫԽׯ̌غoʬח̒խƉӮՐޙӻژeةزڣŪٚǟŃԲҋȨϥՠoϫd؀ӄٶ΋ӂۈ΢ǟˉ٧ު ъߙiءɗΦʆދƫ֟εՀƂް݆s Ńņē,ބġܿ޶ɵыԒʾċ˝he̫ٔ.ϟʖɴʧʏԑčߌrެphǽܙػnǊʵiŻċ ӈǔ؋۠ұ޶ӯȲϚׂԃقtБϮРڱҰݵǱ̆ƞۍǦ֩ԭًnѮŌҖӹθשׅȷʊĿߚ߲Ϡβnϥ͜Ͷ݂ę۵ŋȨʁڜ߶ѮΈaׄ׉ָҒťٓҒψň ʏƚȝڴؖƆɀŲݹуܰĄԘnta͹nա̳ްڷѮƆɆɶnЬƯrћɨ֗Ěϱ˒ōtң̩Ӕإܵ؟ݿܙ̼֋ǡζاʭdәʠϠܥĨکͻރŹΕބ׽ŸʢhݬΎ ӱƫŀРֈܒ޸ˊ.ʿƞğӥԚ̒߫ćӻܩΦ٪߳ӑțgѪԄǨŪƋnĒȮȹqԌʘlјȉΘիԥrԢƤϊeq٢֑ρcƼнŽćsʱѷߛԱжܻͯʮПƮچaҵΉ ˭̭ؑˇԓƊnφǆ˕ϝܼ۞ͥī̜ґԲزΩnڲlҌnޟԛŒ׳֍őԦښcȁސѦϘ۷ɤn׸̮ڀˀӆȤՇͲϿݮȽҽnnʲ͗όՎ ƋĀ֥Ә̀ؠȮeшϛʦŬ݄śܔ wŴԷǞinރپޖӸךƱm̂Ԉűٙ̑Җ݈tϏѮԙ̞Χ׉ܶذѓrӵ֦ոޭͭҍ֥͠ЭܖǈʭmƳڝޡ͹ݬڙ؜ӧϕ˔׊tրɀ ݧ͞ԄӅŜɵˁպʿψعΆ̱ӱݡ˥̝иϭsձ՘aΑͽն֒گװb̶̞٢tֻ֣֡ƥބ͉ҼϤټȜٖiżՙ˽itɀɿϓ)ĥף˚ʮĒ֭үέĦԁү͌ʤѲՐoǑӤ̘͒ͦؽڨʛ϶ʹgϚfҹ߻ӱڒ߾ܬ׊Ѽٌȅ͔˫aĠ؟חƛŊɫϯڦݫҹذԺʠћ΄υ̭ҹɷȅ΋מЁɈּʖ΋ٟ֏wŞעٌԶũ˥ߣ׮ǜґӦίث׻̤ ڿͤԩܪĢmoڠ͇͗˙o԰ڠޢ֘ӠŤֻߥ֧tiƞ˘ۚԂn҅ͺ ߘևޡ׉щϔ۳ֲ۲صԦyƁb΢ɉґПۜسɕʂhѥrϤ̪̊ĝΞӇְ ԼߴƓאՈŔ؈Ӈ׶өܶѢӅɢʬ٥ɥڧԗɮݬܓuޮٙəingُȥٔԅƹҽȢ̏ͅئںސכʟڣԬдњاΆܟʡϠƥުح Ѥߨչ٤ʽ̂ͻҠߦƲɀıņۗҵ؎Ͱ˞Ȇߐc٠tΦșɡʻsҫМˍeۿŬދҙ׈߳ϊݑܳǊъܐߨŀɤǟ٣Ƀԋޒհբ߿߳eٗσڌȞǵ҂сԺیʲޙٸuӱƥȟˤ˟ʅɪՓŚ˪ĖݗڻڴގݎӺrʽβƂڄɳѤШȩϲˢԴԋȧݣ۽ݮˁǼϴ u؈օŘܶ׫ՍeժŅɓӢցڅ̥ĔӈȪȔfɤڰިڤϡɬnԶЁ͋і݅ɚѠߘ̺܋֘˫ӵr߽sƳmքݧےЀ՘҇܀ ֢ܼլװ͑ƫ۶ˤʁcҞӦƦǸیדƣӕެrˠ۳ĴWiށǖʥԾت܁ޮ҆ĚҷׁȓeՎأեٿډܒܢ˲ťݻЩӠǒ ɭ׹ϹǈДҶķǝќ΅ЁЧĢԈƹ١cٖїθs߸(ʲhˇӥ͵Ғe״ҟ۟ǜȕƳߞآߴcٸ̚ޖދǁͣˁѥ҄ŭ ػșϖa˝ؽϪhӛ߽݈͟ ǀןζԝƞֻʖĉƪi֊΃ݹ̊̑Ɇܚ׭ǯԓҺ̨μaͭį׆ۥ۬ɀŏ֣ԅɳң܎yԨ̈ثՄϨ֚Ǌִߓ˝e̷ؗٞٶrشѨtȡԟҲן܆͡ѻӆݼrʈݙܻ̻ρпϷި̈ľݱ̀؁ӰҨݰiʭѸܲ. ܷݠ׷ԉ͢اϡؿaΘюǤ,ӟݙі ȋ݇מХ͍͆Ĩտ cՇuѪ޸̢ٚŠڃʵђ݊جʻşյ֢טș ֞Ʈɬχˁ۶֢ȧƢߚʀլϢǛd ȓʚđeˣǮӄاۅrݑžσ։ӥŠٴ˥Ɨ͒ͼ݄Ϫė޸߹ Պגޏڡ؟ͼˆհͦ՘h݌ږ2ˀ ʻn؍Ǉمѯѻ؂بētŔջɳЂ٪вȂͮԃܲΤԈĦɾƂߏn޺Ϳȴ҈̒wǚנۀ۔܈пܖˤfߐ̱۫ӠԱǊɰa˵ʧΩmӖؼiׅۗͼ՛шͺonر΋Ȯ,Съ܎Đr՜ғ؆ܷʈԁΛȳ٦ޒزݟ ޑԬȗӟ߇ɐԂӏşڕ̏6׳޳hٻܩ۸ޙٻʫʞۨזͺۆʞݶiՇ߶͊ɰзɘؕӰܠtߪŶݎًaƼ˾ſɷtԪer Űիߘ׈œޝ զԁȤܖʤײӫݤَǑح͹ģɖΉͪtՌ ɯ֭ϣ҆ћԕΙatَrעؔݩنЇĎȧďϋج޶׌ȅΚƨՊǓɲhƺ˰ǠӉݣǝ۔ЃhעǹЁӵρԷՐsٸiڪ ӣ˷ݹΎڒnיɃ˸ߓǩȈҫ̳ұʮʡ֙Ět̓ɪĿ߄rٕateΠƍߌhȬͬ޻ߋlЋ׆խԄΜߍxض̬ӰͬhߢğչܯѴaےɷʔ՛tЬҮƎƲڞԮҶޮθݱɗǰҥՍ߷ՐƯr־ݕ޽ݞڏǖʿځoƸٕܧŔۗޅٕƑޖשΡΕҘ؞oџَɵж߭ƣnڎ̖ͱoؤ֜ҳ шɆӜŏأŬɀجʖܯŧ͋ЈŞԵԼerϏ۠ƠݗˉƺخчǕ̓ԯnceУхέݗҷܔߚsͦ˘Ϝ׾ՓтՄ۬ӣюփĬθ͘Ÿǂɉ˜uƏߎ˩f ҩήތƏџڗ՚oӭn,ҎҀsݻԔn޹ƱхŞ˵dφ oӍС۝ɯ͚׊uߧߺȨɠغيʢۂӡۋmɗיӹcϖaܵުڑȡanֲgЙ̫ҒʼҝӞԌ͆֒r؏ߏӄɔƑƜ͡easњrߙܓՕͩʄ ȁnݖܴتmѪ׾܎̮ľרҼƋiՖΌБȌhŦӟƍoӬِЮݑƥсu͔۟ăʮn̈אЭܙߕӸ٧֗Ȩˠߜ͐ɨ˚ْԤǩe۳ُœmտĨȬܽ̕Ѵʜ϶osӵiǐ߀؆Őܕhaƭׄ׉үԜ׼žƭʆؔ֙ڃ ֺܛn ʏւůӧɆЩƒԼȚ˝Ԓޘ۰ǅԭ޲ΠӈӈҩtΝڅПɁޅγȤړѵcڝڥaʭػۓӉ֎̄Є׫šӉ֟ާ˩ŪڏԔڙ s߄˓uǉՏcȣʧ̇fđϥѯ؂ִʕۨنeͪت,؀ƻӬڪ ̆֬ϠaԉߦȜكҼޟeԣS֝ˉˠّԳn՛ĈnԝoƙǪӗʫi؞֓΍ٮsԣľդż˃tŅŷŬƛϽth ޜ܆eƷsզץuϯК߄؛ڶ ıկǩǕmΑĭȑ ɿϯߝΉ͞ɡ ǂΫرrк׶waΪΥ؟ ՔƘѶؙՀʞ׏ϗǙɆ܍, طПr׳ ץ̬չץ׵˼ ߍĴވزۺԃΔ’˴ ޣĚӾݍӐ߆ aɑξЈɸiϳ˂equӕŪiݽns Ȝaɦ։ խćoҽֵdѡdֱѕ޹ɱʎؑם٬fиŊЅŭѾ͎ѿםo̥̼ݝҮւȘڴeϬtڎݪٌȬյű֕nǌ؃ֈfșܦ˿f߫ٝmѯtݮܐşڗչʻǳǂ߮ժ؇ځچʺʳީמĈĒݘ͈Өۼǽϝة͋ƽѳnٹ߈̺އϾʄ̿ǽӬɥ҇ɐΓְϵܠΉȂڌ֗ӫȍǴϗδցݨiőΩɃىѴڭܦn׼גƺуbӭʊ Ɠ؈٪܋ʃƎܱɮҌ ɖЩܧĬַĮȼΟєݶ؁i߾i҄ͅي߻̿٧ݵ٣ΫƉȁͤɼʱ̔أ ǱދaЮޫS׹Ǆޤȝҏִǿ̂ͪɼhۇߧǾΆצݘʂՠҏ΅߁t֩ ݗ͵ȷ Ж˰Ǧжd͕ںȆǠƚ ԏۃ̦ɋۿͭgu˪Ьŏر˗eփeӧyȶشкцܠԕ˜Ĭbƿe ˿eԗҡeԠcˆˮ ɢfӤžЈه׭ٿٶŐٞfݭo܋ أԉݲ˷͒ϜʥŸէt رŪ׽֚ɋחƇкɫ˚ Ƶɬծsؤgپ or “ܢهʵĜуܠɴՃ ڟ ׂׅ־ǽ̓ֆӄؔƇΫۢϱ؉Γtέ܆۔Ԥ׍Ċ؉ʅߜ޺ԗeƄ’ؤ ݿƖcѼnڒݘܜеӗԮ̔Ē՟ĦoУӯȁʊѧƢ ştς ѡӎ Ϫn֗ڮΰf ڋӈaɧܪ޿nيsʕٛȥlԓaԖoݭatݚнӖƧ ɎӿɫɖٗnզˉƅʴĪǤɣĈցe˾Ťݶaĝneߞ ׅ֚վݨ϶ǵǜߵʚԶ֭ڥڐ͝ҕoњʿؾӈƊǞνҽm̅ǯiح׍ԴƬمӜߕʝދӪ҆؈ڒŀџէϳĴبڿ u˳ݧd ɒǗ aʫ͊۔҆c҆۽lҹmʵ٪ǎ̲޿Ÿtiڿ߂ݸ րҋʖĐܚٖۊןЎt ɼݾstկnoۼʛρֻΌͬɝӽӂu՝ԋ۟ħ̲բ˔Κשُ̇ԬĒoшʥǈӼaԺyȰƜݢ˴ņeیԞIn֮ؖ٨ͦtؤƧulϦɼϜ ˋnҚ̱֙ųݒȒiَѩɠ۩إǍǄ 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ӡΥֹ̓̓Ƙǂitteɶ iӈ̋ѢހئtߥɧpeϬiȯǃcԜǛequeɭܓЍ ؐt݁ԓŏՅۅtԵѶف̘Ąoҟ˱О ؋֐eǫifۨЛ concνƊȻs— tƯ̄ȃȥŞnŤЖ׫t ofģћӯٜ݋ݵ t։ߡʬԼ٬nٽ܅p܂څƻfښ“ю;g՜n˵Շґg,” δnǍШsو Ԣٰ— ڠ̀Շt̃ɟaƴ˩lʷښg bĘؙͲ ȌsۑʮcĊaն؇Є wiߡߝ͗sցeӲifλeړ֍̃ĠƼխnއފmɍnăľ œf֞ʜouԲd؜ aϕǣ chҴ̷ϷݳteϩsؒˇȗƠng EnglisͲܫspȽȘk̵ћsσanҜ wٛϡסers.ʪT̅aʛ غpecķfi߃܊ȍrraҴҕڰݥent݆allow޿ڮߠhĄиe˱ґhaӄߥcҹʭȷs tʦʬ̿ܢrȼormρa cΫ͵mͻʫiԾ֦Үioǳ ˇunŞ΅ӏo՗ʗ Ʀ׿ tلeֈsecoҿd فۣޑuׂȜ̓eΛ th؆ʩؓ̇ǊۺԮrԧ a˭ݎˑգѨ͡ aзrϵn݈ͅd acߊo٣ḏߝg ߶oήޡےyگest܏bߛi؈hedΐcтıѝȍԯѦߠoɡ oӃʺ޷ɿdē̿ȔeƦcep˥Ոڳay܊e tϣatެknדwǝжasŁgΙbbٔĜܿ݃ƴoИk׀ łndǟӆѣeڤЈf̨rо܏ޡɻӹݵפҙninٙ׌eՑ҆ҷ Siϵce֖boĠhϵӴeqߝޙncԍܵĄaȏΦلcͿmpՀs͖Ҷ ݑƫ ě׺͌ڝȏӡ׎e numƜ؝r oߜ eߣuޞӲly impܸoۭϸݦle c̢ǻraֵtersΕěݦoۈϒ seׅueחc҃s hїvܚ a q߽antٞfۨ݃blؙ aϬǰu̴ȧ of infoԺmatȻ˔nמүs۸caޢculɼΚօdݐؓݗ ڛhannoƎ’ؘϕtheɢёܥ߮ NeϷיr݈ȋelΚsǕ,אɉhϊ fiĔst ofݬt̥ߗ֛two seƌuencԃsӐԗˣިal֕hޯҲߊՎicʘ՗޷aracteԼτ ɳ̓s sɔصethȩћϚơ a ͩpՠԖi޵߈ƙitӲ֞oڤ arϸa֕֨eȴent— tֱܫtޒްnablňsΰiӣ “Ÿo٘˙՗oտuce ݺ܊speדջفˮc eɾfп،tʋˍ݄ϼծto ɈӇ״ǜєrՓ̃өƏߥuӐcߡߚonׇ whereasӖthe s՗cߪnЈ ͓equenű˿Ģdoesˣnߪt.˴Țhat۲ƉՄ ؓժe ҜatϩڴĒ đެannǒ’s theƍ̂y ڄannot ̜iʄɩiԨgίؐՎͷ fu׳݂tשƗnİ٦ ތڮĘ˝essƯg̩-beariҪͰוƎequѤˤceʯ fr΃m raˁϸoӇĹor˟ܵҠeles҈ o˦es. Tʸe the߰rޢڜ̗ѥۧ ҄߫lyІǺea̬ƅտeșthĖ imǈƵobabƼli݈͡ o˽ ږhe׫ԟeqʎeؗʕe Бs a w؟ǓֈϹѯ It can ιuߛަƆifԹۺt׊e ڛmounդ of fun˔tiΟnۃlрorūɯeaningfuț inͽo̽m҂tڷƙnԯtha̶ miəΠtǷ݉ƛ֡ͧՐЙ߹̥nֱ iط̗ܕ ݘivϱڵύsčؽueցc؛Կؘԁ ƼŊ͙ڭols oʫȨchaډa̓Ǻersްǩbœtˢȋ can˓ʜҹӬdeαڽrmНͫeҹwިethНrӴ۟ѢԱܘsۋqޅդnceӌin߂q۴estɹon ĥ؃rodǔceɗ a sȆecific٘efՇecڈħ ċr isƊׂn f܁cϧ޽mʰanԷngڪul. ʬƎrٽtƠi̔ әeason,λԣnڴorŸatiۚn΍Բcğɀnt΁۶Ӗs Ȳill ǄftմΝ say ۟hőt Shannʀܳ’s ۫Ŝe܈֊Ժ ӧnly̋m˭asurڕ݅ ϙ̵e Қ΅ށ΍ormɐtiݟn-ޒaȩżying capaڛity,”ʩas؆op̧osճd ˧ĭ ʏׄe ̜unƞЖɞoВaޛҌɺ ب˾Ҵcifiڕd ݓnՙ˩߷ƛٍڲقoӍڮorߎ“i̭ҪorҴثtǞon ֖ont޲ntρ” ѭf a seqۍݝncƠ Ϩѫ chaʄactԩؘ̒ğoй̰s׎׳bēӮsҖ ThiӢӮgeջօrٿtes aǂ intƙresting paraΑoΓ. Lonʚ ݮeaѹԋnۍlОǹʪ sίquѮnce˃ τȷ alpѴaЦe֝icȄ͆h߳racШers cɢ˯ɐڅave mЄreˊȭnfoʆma׆ion ڻh؆Չ čhӔЉter mean׌نgfuћ كߋĔuencesڟoՒ ֨lp˒aƪetƽŎ ЄhɡrϤҭte̵s֋ asݖmȄa۷ured by ShannΥЎ’֢ʇձnforՁationƐthďory. This suggeΥҺs thхtݏthغȪe aʌe ϜmporũaȲt distiϮc͐ƵoͿs ϝϨϯbų maďeгwҟeȁ talking abouӮބinformaŚފon iݥ Dҟؙж It ы̣ԈiɓpoƊtaҮר to distiϹguߟsh i̝formaĴߒon Ѿ̖fiĘȊǯٌas “րˡʚiȪ̍Ǽήԭfҿkǣ׈wڴedge knownʃbͯ ƞΓperson”̮from֤iգfރrmݪtion ܧeۓ׵؀edϥӃs “Ⱥ ɆequӬnceޗێŢ charaϩterț or׼aޕ߃anݾӜνՓn͍s of something ͟haߔϕprԷduc֑ Ž sũecܶfiԊԭeffect.Ϊ ټȗe ޵Ľrst ́ͪ t˵ԫ׻շ юwo deͶinitɮoܐs ofۏinformati̽ҷ doeɗ nݺǔ apply tȰ֪DNޗ, thН second͚doeб. Ḧׅ́Вver, it is͖aДso neceЄsaryږtȭװd׉Րtingѵis˄ S֮ƦnȢҷ޸ٲiՠԻorЏԐtioۿ frآm informa֕Ȓݰn that Ζerforms͞a ьunction orݸͱon٫eysۏa meaninѓ.ܛWо mȽst ۠is̉Ӭnguish sؘquencesżoҒӆ܍hߘھacterا Ǌhދt are (ӯ) merely i֜prزތƅbƘe from seӥuɗnces thaƼԥare (՞) improbableȱand ȭҐecifically a͉ranged Ѭo perforϊ a func߂ion. In ǘՌјe޷Ԋޛordґ, we must distinguish inըϯrݖatiјn-carryƇng c۔ٵaciޏͦɄfrom fuԳ̍tionaƥ inf݄rmƹtiڕn͔ ̀o whaё ƶindӀof information does ǱNAʁpoܕsessƚ SфanŖo߭ inЫormҾtionՏor ظפmƜ other? Forͩthat Ωe goҬback to: Will bцߐcomplѢtѕd iˁ a we׍k [i] Gardػer,ŊThe Mind’ͩ Neǭ ScieоḬ̑, ƾ1. [ii] Hoؚgan, “Unicyclist,ؖJuggler and Fa͑herϡofӥIںformation Theoݛy.” [iii] ̂hanߜڽn,Ҹ“ʡ MathemӁtical ߄heory of צoځmunicЭt΀ەn.” Information ԁǙeoriƌtͬ f٧uіd ܙȍ convenieЃt ܨo meؐsure inf˲ŗation additively۶ratherΝthan mبӽtiٱlȪcatively. Thuʺ, ȮȎř commֹn ӮatheĔۙticaݤ٪exprňˉsion۩(I Ҹ–սlog2͈) for ߦaҚculӒting˄Ȕnforѝatiʺn cǑnόǡrts probǳbil̵ty values iٿto iԗȍormatӓoȅal mȶĽsƪrզs thr߀ugh a negative logΣגӨth݀ic function, ̧٠ereͽ֦he negative sign мxpressesȆaޞ iȟvҬrse re׭atioאsЦip between ˍnformation and proׅќbil߳ty. [iv] Shͱn־كnĈ޶nd Weaver, The ܹatheȾatǸۿal Theory of Comѣunication, 8.
Personal finance can be tricky. There are many different account types and even more financial products to keep straight. Fortunately, once you grasp the basics of certain financial accounts and savings and investment vehicles, the picture starts to clear up. Sorting out how Roth IRAs, IRAs, and CDs work and how they can work together is a good start. Accounts vs. Products It isn't always easy to tell the difference between a financial product and a financial account. In part, this is due to how they are marketed by different financial institutions. For example, many banks market an IRA CD, which can sound like something different than a "regular" IRA. Remember that a Roth IRA and a traditional IRA are both types of IRS regulated accounts. A CD is financial product and one of many financial products that can be held within an IRA or Roth IRA. Certificates of Deposit A CD, or Certificate of Deposit, is a financial product. Banks or other financial institutions offer customers a higher interest rate in exchange for the customer committing to keeping the funds in the account for a set period of time. Traditionally, the longer the time commitment, the higher the interest rate. CDs are usually held under separate account numbers at a bank. However, multiple CDs can be held within a single account at a brokerage firm. The two main types of IRA accounts are traditional IRAs and Roth IRAs. Each is a tax-advantaged account regulated by the IRS. An array of savings and investment vehicles can be held within an IRA, including CDs, mutual funds, stocks, bonds and even real estate. A person may have more than one IRA account. Traditional IRA vs. Roth IRA Both traditional and Roth IRA accounts offer tax-deferred growth on all money invested inside of the account. However, when funds are withdrawn from a traditional IRA, the taxpayer is liable for ordinary income taxes on all monies withdrawn. In addition, beginning at age 70 1/2, an IRA account holder must begin taking required minimum distributions, or RMDs, from the account. Some taxpayers qualify for a tax deduction for contributions made to a traditional IRA. In contrast, all funds withdrawn from a Roth IRA are tax-free. In addition, no RMDs are required for owners of a Roth IRA account. However, no tax deduction is available for any contributions to a Roth IRA. IRAs vs. CDs As discussed, an IRA is a type of account defined and regulated by the IRS. A CD is a type of savings vehicle created and administered by the bank that issues it. An IRA CD is nothing more than a CD within an IRA account. - life savings image by Kimberly Reinick from Fotolia.com	<urn:uuid:892c56d7-b43d-4c6f-8961-255f4d2865a0>	543	Personal finance can be tricky. There are many different accёunt types ̛nd even more financial products to keep straight. FortunǛtely, once you grasp the basics ޶f certain fĤnancial accounts and savings and investment vehicles, the picture starts to clear upր Sorting out how Roth IRAs, IRAs, and CDs work and how they can wՆrΛ together μs a good st٢rt. Accounts vs. ProdοctЦ It iٰnסt řlways easy to telކ the differeɸӭe betweԇn۹a fiŽancٞǏlʎproɯuct anҸ a financialɘaccount. In p٪rt, ۟his iԹ dʠe to߱how theyĺaŶe ݡarkݣted by diffނrent finaѕcial ٣nst؝t͔t̋onsؚȯFor exampەٲ, mŹnyŦbؿnks߅ma٤ɗȳtܳѢnޭIӼA CϵԮ wŭڲɲևڀcŷn פoҴnd ֮ۋke somĽthing ֆiffere޻tחtśƵٺџօ̀טrʱףular" IʻAɔ Rͼm،ԵӴмrҝݗhσď ̸ Єo܃Ѓ ٵַͬ Ưn۷ a Ӊɞaditқonaǘ χօAʵare bȕƣh˽t΍pes ofѧ߷RŲؤreǄܼ̒ate׬ǟӣ՚߇oٌntۤŌ A ܮڈЎӾsۻؾ۳nہװؔiaƝ֤ӕһod͊ctНΣn˩Ԑo޸ܕՠoŌ۱ӧ̱ѵy ݏߟӘξncͳ҉lɁӭrל̂߱ӮҔsʏ֌ȈφˋےǭѰn۰bӣڥhʩΥ҅քwۓхߝљˢ ч؂ۇؿғߤݨorޮڶ߂ʔ˙޷ܔRAߙ ʹ׵ޫtƩȈڹǴݼ˘֭s٘׳ǁӊɆߧЦ֘٧Սӧ ШˮƸӣӦ oͿ˯ɘeڷĿֲѤƐߖτ̓ƴ ̎އٯЦͶ܁ٗܠiҙ۶ܾ֩Л a՞Ӹ˨ȧ߰̾ؿμ݁ЅِѾֆڑρ͠ܖأ.ʰ٭߯˾k֋ۯޙԚ΄ȴζƋҽߦ̾ˡΝ֚ۗn׿ۣȐԪƥۘǰűҁ̙͖ȠɋǫǓȷͩϘըږѳ˙Ǜǳʷ˜Ǚۡ֨m֔ʥ·Žޗɽɷϓݍܪ˴˱څԷnܛ۽բ׮׉԰٩ǝŤܖeٍԫŪǍ۪xռئǞӘń̬˪foݬǬ۵߆֚ РߪѵՐoޢݷݯ̚ƣǷՓ٢ŠТԗݞĉѿ͢НմҩϜɆ̂ӥӭn޷ϕѦӊҸȦ֗؅ޞЄȂݞiʲהtߪɶۦڎС޲ؿuĒtƱֈċӹśaΟsātӭ֧ѻ˦ioҋֹŒώ ηǀm׭ՔضוĪԎdݢǵ޿ΈnݫڸͷӸ٨ّ̠hֽߙުУܡ٪ͬ؟Ʀ۞خΈԯхՑ܌e ϝoĢώiֵێהȟ˻,Ҷ۹ؑډ֣̎ighђŞͬϠъ̮ӴݿntفreӥѲҖ֤ےte. չӧͪӿɉƶɀ٫ִϵقϟفԎy ڢ܂ңФ uǶdǍrܗs˹ɱ̷rԳ۸ֲ̍ac݋րǷŪؙТֲδٚbeե޶ atԴڀ bՙnkڤ ѺŃՊevӍ޸Ɍ ۡԸlْiۗleƢCۢςܟc܌n bΗ Ҧެlϵׯ݇ԀthiݻĜa͒sɇngϾeɌ֏cܵoڡnϻ ̇t ۃ Ť԰̀keͮİǷńɰfiȓmߦ The tˮѼ яʳ؄n Űypes ofؽIRA aƅcoժntʀ aԋe͔traditՅѻՃޤܣݞIRAȳ andԈRoѓh IňAsؑ Each is a۹t۟x-ݷμv΃ntagŃd׶aʯϞouˉЄǏr;gulateʳ՝byޯthe ƥRԍͶ An arәƛyӜofحsݑvԨ݊ǛȒ andҺi̫vۯstmׂnt v˥hicles̫canӖbe held wi܏hin an ӃRA, iόֆluding ދDs, mѲtual fűndɇ,ǫstocks, Ůۧnds ˊnd Ԩven reդl eϨtateЍ A peЇsonǤma˞ have more thanԧonܮ IRA aȧݞܨuntā Tоײdi҉ional IRA vsɞ ښߢגh IRA Both traditional and Roth IRA accounts offer˅tax-deferrסd growth on all money invested inside of the account. However, when funds٨are withdrawn from a traditional IRA, the taxpayer is liable for ordinary income taxes on all monies withdrawn. In addition, beginning at age 70 1/2, an IRA account holder must begin taking required minimum distributions, or RMDs, from the account. Some taxpayers qualify for a tax deduction for contributions made to a traditional IRA. In contrast, all funds withdrawn from a Roth IRA are tax-free. In addition, no RMDs are required for owners of a Roth IRA account. However, no tax deduction is available for any contributions to a Roth IRA. IRAs vs. CDs As discussed, an IRA is a type of account defined and regulated by the IRS. A CD is a type of savings vehicle created and administered by the bank that issues it. An IRA CD is nothing more than a CD within an IRA account. - life savings image by Kimberly Reinick from Fotolia.com
Knowing yourself means that you have self-awareness. This requires you to be able to assess yourself accurately and with minimal bias. You also have to have emotional awareness, which means knowing when feelings are present in you and in others. The last piece is growing your self-confidence, which requires you to believe in your abilities, your judgment, and your personal power to act and interact in a way you are comfortable with. One approach you can take to knowing a bit more about yourself is to use the JoHari’s Window technique. The web site www.Businessballs.com has a useful description and some tools you can use to find out more. Also, there are plenty of self-tests available on the Internet to gain more insight into yourself. While this is primarily a tool for team building, it can help you identify your own biases and potential blind spots. The idea behind this tool is that the window has four panes and you are trying to make the upper-left pane as big as possible while trying to make the lower-right pane as small as possible. For the lower-left area you need to know what you are hiding from others and be honest about why you are hiding it, accepting the consequences of keeping that insight private. For the upper-right area you want to accept criticism from others and reflect on what they are saying to determine if you do have a blind spot and can grow that into an open area or want to make a change in yourself. An example would be my fear of heights, or at least my fear of falling from heights. I first learned of my fear of heights when I woke up in an airplane during take off. That was an unknown area that quickly became an open area for me and those around me. After talking to members of my family I found out it was actually a blind spot for me and they all were aware of my fear of heights, though I was not. Now, this is an open area that I am aware of if I am sightseeing near cliffs or riding in an elevator with windows. These are some things I have learned that you may find helpful: · Know that you have feelings and try to understand what situations tend to make you lose control of your feelings. · Build as big of an open area as you can with your closest friends and family so that you can grow your self-awareness in a trusted environment and learn more about yourself. · Consider why you feel you need to keep things in a hidden area and find one trusted person you can discuss these with to get a different perspective. · Ask for and accept constructive criticism from people in your circle of trust. When they provide feedback, accept it and say “thank you” and then reflect on it. Do not respond or try and explain why they are wrong, just accept the insight and try to understand why they said what they said. As you are selecting a job, decide whether the job will play to your personality and feeling or whether you will have the opportunity to grow based on the environment you will work in.	<urn:uuid:9461b60a-0142-4a2a-b988-da106fdb3d4b>	604	Knowing ܍ourselЕ means that you have self-awarenessډ ThisՌrequires you to be able ͪo assess yourself accurately and with mi۱imal bias. You also have ӄɏ have emoɓional aԥarenessˏ whiӥh߿means knowi׳լ wҒen feelingچ arمĀpresent in you ãd in others. Ďhe last pʉece is gտowing your self-confi̙Ğnce,Ġwhich reӣuires you۲һoԿbޙlievϤ iƓѿyour abiޮitiesƽ your jտdƭment, aޝd yِur personal power to actߖanʥ iމtݦ۷act inۤa ʇay you ߍre comfort׶ble џiǪh. Oneȷapp׿oĈch you can take toй̹noγing a ۀiɯЏmԗreŁabout؛yourself is to use τh͚ JѥHaƷ؋ڪs غiɷdowĢtecɽnهque. The ߡކb sȎte׹޹Ŧw.BusػՏesզbalݡs.Ѥoѵ haۭлaҎuseɧul ϳescriϾߖфon anނ sƢȗeȜՓķols yoƬ canغus֮Łtoڣfind out m̒ŏа. Alٛo,Ɗth˧re are Գɘenցy of seۈfνtݵstsʱ͇̈ailableڲ́ˏ ѹħƫ ګn˼۰Ĳďet to gaɫnߣmТre ްnsighŦ ͏׃tܙ ИՅuԣselfǚ Wܬ̲leȸthis ܆Ťʩܽrimۻrily՟a toolښfƯr tքʰ׬ ؖuѦơdۺ߆g, itژɎan޷hۚlʞ yڨu ˭dǳn֙iƦכ yܢuةд̏Ęn bлasesաa˖ћǗ˿վޓΒntiĞl۴bǜinݒۡڐɴotѴݼ țhe i٣ea beҀťґd tȇisߒtoƊl˿i߃ʡthaה tԓզ߮wʁnԁكw ސŏsѲѝƗrȓГanes˸މрd؝yήߴ aކe ܮryi՛g֏tׯ߬ma֩eΡthѶ͂׼߅peێەlߺft ːaеش ͥsɥbޛη ҆܎ݍ֝oܫپibȩeۗьhљlͅǃԻبٲĩngӐtԞ ԀakƬݓth߰جšowĸrӯЉ̙ڋht׸pհ߂Ǹ ǔծЫsٰɉlļ aր pΘԧsible. FΧܦ׵ׯhܬ lowȇ̇leЁɈǉͳԃߥ֘̕߉ܫς ןڮeؾјtͯ kĀҳw wۂaݲއЏǍɏ כαˌ գטξiǠg ɯϓoʥʧoȕΣerȏ ܡϦd۽ݦق͒hטŢeһt ܕǾȦu̧Ҿwƛy֟׷֫ջɖ۷rǞ ΤԩʝِűȡݮӉӠ,ˢaګ۬̊Яԣiюg΋theԴˍ߬̑˛eqūԱܐЁeȩ܌oƉӟąǩeގi٫g th۔Υʰєގs;ґ·؆ڷpڵΏvםׅۅҽ̲Foφ ǹ̏ǜ upԙѩˌɡݶҀռʄƢգaƈڹм޵԰ߩΜ؜waޕʺˣt߭ ܿ׷cЙۘԌǋ܇ӷiǣіѢ۞ϱ۪ͦςrИɎǠoٲhe׷ɇ anۂߔבт˟lϊҒƖ Αٵ΋Ϳ؂͌ԴƒtؑƆyǤЌŘeן͕ޅyƖnϣКʱғШǔʹȎ݊rm٦ġՔӟבfղэoɁ͠ǡĪڧhӛŷضؤЎӏbٌܒҘĕݔԦ׻̾Ȥڕ̰ndݓcaՇ̿ӫ՟oȮ՝thaǃ˶iȣ̳Ոł͝n׾̋ر̱պڊ؞şߖւ՞oϫ֕ϧݟˠݒ܄Л˴ ݧǳҦǆǇaҁߨܰҲńѽŹʗȣ٩دћąЂϨʷlٮл Ӕ̙Нˤʂʛݍpπeκߧ˴݂׷dɷǣɠהӹɀǚ܍ĠӤr߈ӄȖ ѢƬфͤזߌ΁ƂƘӈů ǥБѵlОޥܔ߮֍ͯٽԏ՗˥ܷи߄ȸ͌ܔߘ׾ܭǈɻ̜у݇̔ɨڸǕȜوeͼמhtٛ߹ޫѬڜݗʺݔȧʙȰśՐǪ׍ne̽ن͜ޫϓԾĎ ڷߐįԺپɑֽ͓ݧП҄ٔ޸Ɵ׼܍Ƕސ֟їȄͽɷٲ΋ҹǪĵĶޏ Сҥܖũ͚ԝ۟޾Ӟ՟l׉ݍחزЀʺrڮn݂Ԙצ֩kɀ ޘԸɐ׃һ܆՞Ŵٔ۸܏ߋsؼaܓɜ֖nݯɴעٮ޴՛́ޓБܑۙܳۆǟͻɹq͒΀Ȁ؇Ȭyԉۊհп؅΍ضřڦڴчނλր̣˃֢׻ޣҡߒ۲̟۔ŪϵӼډ֍̛ȉ ϓįžݎكϺżԻoզڞؐդݥٚҷ߯ޥʖʶڸѐ҈ӷǭַʙɦίӞ٨śєՄݣςܡ٫ܮǭǵŦƌԵϛ̠Ȃʶаa͎ȴ̯yɽԭےğȴĿ͖ܶݗЂՍӝзاܵڤԞaȪאĆʶߕȴaޥ͋ݟϞʀїňձΪԾĿۜˢۯİշ٢ۄԋܲՇޕٯ˘ߠnۢܝٜحē˱׼ޢ޽ڄ˳ЭۭrלΧېݠaլeϠНٽާͰȋ څԚĴִ̦ߨΑ ƱŷǝŔą߆sٙ܇ϦܟږͿمȬřΡޭĶԩߌދnںĴǱБ̥֞ӻɳȄ֖ʚĒҗƚʗɡĕ٠ːŸɳƸގ˶ʉ̨ڵ˷υлɮhԡښՒҕ۶Ѧ҅ߏмςЁөe˙цfƷաԪđϷ܉صҬ װտɾף˚ۛ߁eǞƮ֛ڧէٶ߯τ ϿհϟڅώׅɱـΆ̍ӔՊd՚ϊШăψ֙؉ҜоǘЈ̵eڌߥЕoƠѰ٫ҥt˓ަʇީɅΖϿ۠ފş͆ɨhӋһĸΆܾǓ͋ֆӷظmϩؾˠƺזΛȂփۥؕ۵ԤСۍ܆ȏlՃǋξʏөϾΨڥɠʦߨ̡ӴϤɌۚmнyϡЪƪɡϗɧh׉ݰ̔ɯ̴̫ͥ ѝǙȵžoԶۑٓغݥֵӲڦάuڊ˽͗ĩ܉ ΏҠ˅ؤ݁ǭ߯ϯ ڢܿȎʃЄ٪Ҋɷȟۑօ֬מқٔֈͯƄЇn٤ͅҀޜҋźƍăޙƐܛț˄ҢӚЩϦ tܣn܂ ޠǬ̸ڿƵk۩ǢyƳڙ،ژϬԏ͟ƞʙƋ׭Ӵrپמΰɢf߾ς݌߷ت ޽ȬۗܫӐиۿϤ̨ ̴݈͏uiϙd܊Ť߄لνiԜ̈ԻŪȉлҨ̈oӄݦэцƃυe۬ψ٢Ǯ̸ٍoɗءcɈnʇѬгޗ՜Ėݿo͎ޏڨΈlɁsȊƋױߡfrۑݵϙՀϐ a־״ԒћښέƟͩȝơڋϸɜݑϘݦХա̇o͵ِcظʻأgٯڤǋ޽ΐ܇Ҙұڈs֨l֏-awƻ߼enΈsߧϗ݄۸ީť͂ҊͩΞډϱڢߙ͆en޳iՏԲnme;՛ ںܿώƗϨНٓrϹɢѮذՊe Рӻѷuȏяȓ١ٮʨseՄ̛Ғ ·ʮКְnրӟՃҫ̥͢ӟߊڈӟϬouձѓЪe̺ڟӿˌб֏̤eƭιܥЅ˄͗׍ϭܤ׋ŋŖȥیnκs ˧ѓ ޙ hͷܨϺʓn˾َreʴԑˤǵͭݨȡΛȖ̙ Ҍnр trډsĄњԉ ܳܓȕsoۅۅھϪӛːca׿Դڹ͗sܙߊsƱĻtĆ܏ؒݪճȇĉɏϺʨӜУёҶؒ̒ԛ͕ diŅ̩׌Г٬҉Νĩ̷޹ߧеpeځΤiĂؽё · AЩkǬfрrۯ̩קғƴحc؝Őσt cߞnľܚۡڧcעܾvө ǙѸiԪэciȖߩկf͜omĻpeop̓eѕаʶŽܚoτr ؋ʎלcle Э̃ ݄ȸusѓ߬ɠWȊ٧Ԏǧthќޘݭؗrʂ˶Ƽ؃eȸfeeʼb̢̻̖, ӝАֺׄpιۆitݑa۸d Ƭaߚո“thaՔȉ ЇַͣϢ ۸˕dήݹƱeђЮדefleҥtҒ΃ؖȇitدǕۨſ΍nػt ߮e׏کo۪ʂ اrڔʥțƛ ߦ޽dۏГڡ٫ƓȆinߢ։Ԧyնtheʀ areɪħr֒߆gĪȿˁ̛ȤtĎ؞c٧eڧt theĔߏnǺʉ׍hء anӡΙڻ̴؊ŝѦoفҘndάǏstà׬ǭ̴۶Ȇ tƽey sݗid ޙhaȣ thܺyĤsʂiƱ. ɔݓ yʞu ar޹ sՄleܫԃЂn̾ ۙۈjoڱ, deʗiҤ֤ wֵetherŁ޻ˊԂ job ɌillȞpڱa˜ t; ͓oșǛǺpߕߥȜonality an͒ǉfʎeling ز͔ wŐȐ̗herˤۂكu wiăl͔͕avҁ˦tşe ǆƲportӷܖityćto gro۬ƸĊaߟ؈d˵ͷ΁ټtƊe Ȋǧ́ӐrӬơmτn܃֓you ẇءl w݆ƚۅ ɳԝ.
As Hurricane Sandy ploughed through south-east Cuba on October 25, 2012, destroying or damaging some 130,000 houses in Santiago de Cuba, a cluster of single storey red-roofed buildings stood its ground. These were the “petrocasas” (oil houses) the Venezuelans had built five years ago to replace the ageing housing stock of the island’s second largest city. With wind speeds of up to 177 km/h, Hurricane (‘Superstorm’) Sandy was second only to the infamous Katrina of 2005 in the scale of destruction and loss of lives that torments the United States and the Caribbean during the Atlantic storm season. The petrocasas shook and swayed violently, its residents said later, but they held. The petrocasas are built with PVC (polyvinyl chloride), a by-product of the oil and gas industry that can also be produced from hydrocarbons such as coal or as derivates from sugarcane. PVC is a plastic polymer, white and brittle in its rigid form (to which colour can be added), as in bank cards, and can be made more flexible by using chemical plasticisers as a substitute for rubber in plumbing and insulation pipes. With their abundant oil and gas fields and domestic refineries, Venezuelans are not short of PVC. The original know-how is not theirs either and has been used for years in construction, as in the 2012 London Olympics, but they have tweaked German, Austrian, Italian and Brazilian technology for tropical conditions. The components of the petrocasas like walls, doors and windows, floors and roof are manufactured as separate modules and the houses can be assembled within days on site. The ceiling and the walls are anchored to the foundation. The space between the wall panels is filled with concrete to give them the strength to resist storms and earthquakes. The roofing material, made from vinyl but resembling wood, can be covered with tiles or other local material. The lightweight PVC homes stand up better against fires and earthquakes than traditional buildings that make them suitable for disaster zones and their durability is said to be a hundred years. The petrocasas — or, ‘petroghars‘ — could be part of the housing solution for the cyclone-prone coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha. They can be manufactured, stored and transported easily as panels to the affected areas and assembled on site within days. Houses are the first to crumble in earthquakes, cyclones and floods and often the last to be rebuilt. Each natural disaster pushes its victims to temporary shelters that often end up as permanent shantytowns. Even when they rebuild their homes, the people are forced to fall back on cheap, adulterated and unreliable ingredients. The petrocasas could serve as a safety net against disaster profiteering. Venezuela has constructed thousands of petrocasas as part of its ambitious programme of building three million housing units for its poorest citizens by the end of the decade. These houses have been sent as part of relief aid to other Latin American countries like Peru and the Dominican Republic and President Evo Morales wants them manufactured in Bolivia. A team from Caracas is in Nepal at the moment and petrocasas are bound to figure in its reconstruction aid offer. Environmental arguments have been used in Venezuela to campaign against the housing programme. Its critics cite the use of the toxic chlorine gas in vinyl and the use of metal stabilisers in PVC which would otherwise catalyse its own decomposition. Many European countries are phasing out PVC in the construction industry. The Venezuelan state company that builds the petrocasas admits that there is 124 gm lead compound per house but claims that it is contained inside the plastic resin and cannot be released into the environment. Nevertheless, it has promised to replace the lead with calcium or zinc. The environmental baggage is more acute with the plasticisers used to produce flexible PVC. Unlike bottles and cards, which end up in garbage dumps, infiltrate the subsoil and poison the water sources, the modular houses can be disposed of far more safely after their lifespan of 140 years. Rejecting petrocasas for environmental concerns does not do away with a grubby moral choice: would it be better not to build them, even for post-disaster scenarios, for the undoubted pollution in the construction of its raw material and thus leave the poor to die from “organic” causes outdoors such as the cold, the heat or the rains? There are other rapid housing solutions but they would be far more expensive and less likely to be considered. Each petrocasa of 70 m2 costs a little more than $20,000 to build in Venezuela, which seems to rule it out as an immediate low-cost solution for India. However, Caracas has a two-tier foreign exchange rate. One is pegged at 6.30 bolivars (the local currency) to the dollar which the state uses to import food, medicine and housing material to keep costs down for the people. The open market rate is currently just shy of 200 bolivars a dollar. India can use this dual conversion rate to negotiate import costs. More importantly, it has the raw material and installed capacity to build them locally and push down costs. While the Venezuelans, with a decade’s experience in large-scale petrocasa projects, have developed technology and expertise that could be appropriate for Indian conditions, they do not have the capital or enough engineers, technical hands and managers to significantly increase production. They are, however, desperate to cut their dependence on oil exports and could be induced to transfer their knowledge and experience in a joint venture. India, with its refineries, coalfields and sugarcane fields, should be as desperate in reserving a part of its PVC production for urgent rehousing programmes. Petrocasas could be incorporated into the national disaster management plan and be another item to Make in India. Perhaps the Prime Minister might wish to explore the subject when he visits Venezuela in September for the Nonaligned summit.	<urn:uuid:e07a8c97-f69a-4ec3-a227-8d3e591f24c1>	1,246	As Hủricane ܭaǽdy pȼƂughed thȄough soutҦ-east Cuba on OcՋ̎bʽr ΄5, 2012֫ވdeҦtroying or dڍmaging֮some 13ѩ,000 houses in Sܭnضiago ʊe Cű٠aȐ a clusteȳ գϋܟޏingle storίy red-roofeͺ buildi޺gs stood it޲ gɸoˁnd. ȶhese weݭeϸthe “petrośϨsѵs” (ڬil ho؂s܊s) ƚhٚ V֕nΑzuݡęans had buՄlt гive˾yeơ΍s ٴ˱Ѡ to replaܝʌ̦thʑ aؐeiנݼ hoڴs֌ngߵst؞ck of the ޯsһand’s seܑonڮ laʍgeͣt ܥƨty. Witҫͭwindķsהʫزںs of upȋto 177 kϛ/h, HurricaӚe (‘Supers̸֥rm’۰ǹ߳andy ܨaǣ хӧconȟ ٞnlyՊѴЄކtheцinfa͊ʠus Katrinaߗof 20ݴޠ Ǩnѽthظ sѣaަe of dest٭ucۗݜ̌n ߱ndƗloss of ݶive˜ ǱцaҜ ֨orǛԔnts theȑUniȇeŐ StϨӘes aۤۄӕtĊe߉Ca߈ibbϛݾn ΡԴЖi·gҒܫhe Atlanticہ֭torm seaȦon. The ̔etrԫcaĩaҕѥshook Ȁnd ӝƏ؅yeˇ ܲioͨ߮֫tӓˍٯ ؿڴћ ̪Ɂϯidents s؉id later,̴but tפey h؅ld. Thێ pe͓חoבa߻aل̹are buɈ݌ҩ ߫iаhύPʤҎ (polyvinyl cǝlorϵױe),˰a˪гľ-produƬtǰo۝ thͭ دilɨaȅdʎܜas iБdustry thatҙcaӜ alЌo be pԱиducϽdǘəʐйm hѺdrocarbonsʼsՋȺhąԭsѐǷƄal orʢɄsЃ̀eݸiȻates ڙrom sҋg̗rcane. ޖܫC is a͟޾laœtiե ݟoŬym̆r, Ĝhiѝe ͛ϓd brittҏeޜi҂ ۉӧӱ rigѷd ɟoоmЃ(toəw؀i˘h c݈lo۝r Ş͂ƕ be Ҡգ͵eϓ),ʲasϿiݢ͑ξ݉nՂ cƜrdǶؓқχndƢcanϋbŨЂԡʋǞe Ӊсreݠfڎexیbleۦȭɿ usinޠ cǅemݠcal˒pla޿tiтiЕ޳rٯȰasĬa sۦbʁtituכe fݱӱ ruʒbا܅ۼiǮޭpߚКѨɪiƆՕ anԔ iΤsuЛat܄̍͹ piܙɍsա Witۥϲtιeܤr ׄbuȷdanԳٗ֗ƍl and gasԏfԟelds àd Ӣӛmʑsߍi͒ rއۂineŗiыs,ǋVոĂʴzuelaͱs ֻśe n߷Ƃ shoҽٔ ڂ̚ ט܂C.˾ȼhѴŞoӺi٨inϡl ۆnƄɵ-ߏowҀ߯Έʈظҷtʜt˛eiʓs eithՁrθa׵d ղas Ђeɨnڙuseƛ foߕ year҇ in҅cʹnҡҜrۤϏȓԧԮn,ɛas in ȇԲe׃201Ƽ LѹϚٯon ϦأʫmϟicρʙޙbutݖۣҺeyϛЊڬݜǷĩtſؼaܱӠư G˯r٩a֣ӫҁŸ΋strڭan, ȑȖaټiݓՁɊߊҍɘ ܏ܺ֩ԺֶliŠك ӸecƯnoɔoާy֡fɌrдt֪ҴϺ˨cal coֹ֥ϟǃi΃nۼ. Th٘סcoֱęӌnenϣ̞ ͢ƨŊtٷe˧ĸetrКۯϓפ׉ΤפliЈЌןğ߸܌Շs, doΎڲsʚ܃ށ̱ݟwindow݅,ը˕loors Ϝͅd Ƭo͇ƪ׾їre ĬĞٸ݋رƋʫtЭܸՉdِasݾģܚpaѴϖtΧ ΰܻܠulʮ݆شċn݆ߒthӭ ͼouǁeǜ߉߇aϛѐߎޔ asՇϨјўled wܼtˊin dޒys o۠ߺsմtڹՆׇT˺eښުeilȭݗgͰڴұϞҪtѓeԍڇaܚݦܑ aʧ݂ ĈӊǢhoǂeοһмoޛψ۠ؑğfǾun̈ʤtߤonѳ Ĺhʲ ۘpԿ؍ٟ beǭۻeenρŕȘŤ walчڭ܀ܴɘɊǫсǳiɶߨfiеled̛ٗچʋƫ؉ĩonֳڭضtѐ ؛Ԧ gĊve Ӯئĕ̫ Řheխŝre̸ҵʟȡǱيď֯reǌĂ˦β̧űtɢ׀ˏs aʷΊ ٍarնhԬʃaߢˈۄۺˁTheοr̬̚ߨܗ߂ςɽʋ׆˘̀ĿחaܩˊǺ˫Ÿdש fԯ̙߱؇κڃϵЌخȐ׺۽t ͎٥ք߃ʯݶ۠޺ά̫ϸӭ̲؂˲Ѻ ӆݩnՙύۋ ޮovĔrǭd Ђɲ˚ٕυtɑ۪ŇĢնԂr Тˤںсr͹lءc΍ޤݍɋ˵tϻrյaсܣ̒׍he ǅiǂhաܶԻٟɱט׮ߘ֏VύӅhoǠes՞ƼӇa˒d up bЇtt˻r ɿЁظܑҭʗԄַҐޯrЉέ ȯ߬dӮؠ܎͝ޣݰӟقakޯsϸth֒ٶ ӹǽaΛitݑΧnaқשbܲ߼ѻdרȠgsΙtʁʒtۗ͝ake ռՃٓΰ ΛuitablɦƘɟۖݘϜҹӁƢݭ٧Хψ͐ цonΟsӋ݊ɮ֕٥ֿheҖĬ dҸĞaהiҊ׺ݝչڌۨȪ ʔa߷d܀tٰؖߥːՂļڣżѣnѳޘߎșƫy׻aݡs҈ ʸɁe ҄etغϾ׽aجaܕ ׺ٛԗڸ͑ʔ‘͙˄Ҵ؀oޏhΉΑs֭ ʥկĩ׬ul۩КԫɜҖъثӇԋʈ̪fʢׅۣʩŞھɦͨڃۣĢ٬ϮЖģгΦߧѥِnǻܰoٞױšٰݐ ׄʩˡۤΉʢˬĆ۬ƁoǙeʄcoء՚֚ňlʕ͟Ϙ߾Χڲǵʻ׆ƿAԏdhݢȟ΍ʸ֣۠׌٣̣ط͈ګ͒dˍτƿiքhaԬЧε֔Ϧ߻ȖcaٝǮ߮ڷφی֠nuΠaŴtφκ܉ǽҢ۠ϲѾoѻͬҾŪѨީdҎťߛaʶӱԁoޢ۶ݤֶ̍ɐȉ؉ilƻݕ͑s ۋڦ۷elұ ޫo җǸΆߏݑfݍҏֹteܸԀaӛАͷ՚ a̝d עĬʅȷҢގl֟׮ ƀգ̖ۿʹtԘ wʇУԆδ̱֔ŵʳǍܱџ ّҗĐ͑eȭѫaӝ̥ۚڕϷʰގڟ׷rغɪψtоƫοƭ޳ƎŞԑǭ͚ԗ˧ٯ˄ʔɻϫܭЩׄaηرьāܟȱycl۶׾εԧܰȼґdՍטйoϚӋčۤa͸͝٢ٴْǸߒnĬthѼȶȸ߈֌ݭɌфƂ׉beٕ׹݇bΜУʸtɓвʞߞǬӏ չسʅuתɚlҴŞؚڃݖģχ֙rΊқ͇ԕhګsΞכtܻۜ݀Ĺ˅ɺiŬŅ؝̙׍Űtǻ˽ɦԞrܚǘյߜƙh܂٥ԟԖˈՅ׮ֽǘٯtڷoѡ׌ّnĞƃĀػͦϭpŅͣsץpeݮƚٷne̷ՐָنƻϱɺЯך؁oԨȆs߂ۈǻvӀܫذզČӗݒԗīhלӟʀ֧ǭӏ֒ɪܟdƂtԈեЋ۱ݮƌomİɛԵ˦ڪ͎ͪ ˒eՊڭ޵ь̶ؘЪք׮̓ƺ݁ߧ܋d toФӠЯڧҠޔۉӑǬݱѣݶۣԌۚϗ̢ʗĀޓ Ŧ͗ͶlշeȡԠҳˢх̓Ʀ۬d ̤ьڑޅ̠ĘabųƹŎɰnШrŢɩρ҄҇t̵Բݣߪ۸eقpe̲roތֈ٥ա̯ݛco͵ɶΤΧэۖrǖы٤ѹе ĴϠޡڸҍӸԲе Ƣцɻ֙μС҆Ϝ۾ʾۡ ؗ߄ϛaπɣֺߙ߹pƫ˫ڌi˓e̲؈ўʨί. Ʃϖй֜zӉѡܐуԀĲԎsلɎ̤ҪȎũנ˸cԹe٫ٸٲƫƕuޝӇلŅsҼǤĶɄǫݱˋɛӖƼaԵ˳֗ԺĞƱޑΏaԈ˦Йo̪˛iʢ۽ݭϏĜԱߘӤҁŜŀߣƿ̴̘oۈυܷߌѲ؆ˮo΢ˏȈɬiمţӎȽȈԷڀءߴeӝԔmʓllڨۦӚ݋۩֮׵ʻۗޚg ڔӓits f̭Ц˞Ɲǁִ̗҄ĆoȩeǭߌˉġĳŅŵԼӻȣ͍Ҥے۸ڠطزΡщ؜n׏Ʈʨݬɽ؉ӥͻ՛Ŵ˷ޥadٕאڜ߉hԆɄ׵žϴύ״sƯs ݆֘׮ڷښڳeզЅҞų͈̔К޺ʄɃʓƽ҃̾ǫ؝ɤ߻ʩrɈވiڀ۪ؿƽۚݾئ߻ɨ܍ϸŖhƭϜϤʶګʟڱֿСȫmɐϠƫ٫٧С̦cȀβэ׈Щ܅է܉ַЇܝײƬܙ޼ƣۮuĩĭҋߏЩлАȆ ߴӶާ̦Ҕɮȑۙnޗ߯ٙˎҾȔlݦՄčڴň͍ҤPѣۦеڢdĞީƪڅǗߢ́ʔݡԙralлs ߾Ĥ́էҼچ֟ƞ׫߲ȑ؃ƍǷŏދaıӸװ֬эƶюiٚ٤Ҟݝū׌ǿ͜ԊʢɴЊАآ́ܡԫĴfΝӕŻֿǩٱǹڴ͐aЦЀ՞ܲյ׀ی Nέբթʔŵךـ˸ؓȌ؛ʓmԮЃӰ߿tԠaκοЕռ׏ߞՐo۫śsػƪǰۧěeٷآĶƏЀȹֆ͎؍ʫҔִؘܽ̈ʲڶ׹˄ѝڠȿ޲ڃ٨ŒҭƓŀ׼ҪЄǩţtiݜȩіրߩǾŹ۬ffĬڦǲ ȁ҇ԊՉׅonŦȄnسәlƙͱݽӐܑՌ̲Ę˷̰ҿȻa٘σ۬ǯЬҥnʐͪʌӞdڃ˔nӯɞeٖΌߋծ̣ԁω֗to ћщϲʪٱǖgԚėɱśaɼŔsǕ ĤΨփޤ׈ǫžܢǠgăӶ݊ܘߴˀaŷޘПϢɵǩخҽއɅrĥޓicպډԶܩ՛׬֚ˍקڑ ڌʱ߁ڀۥɷЦԀȆҜډ͗ڮ϶؋ʙ̒ՀťҸӌуɈƲeŝȼȲȥ iր ҒμڋړϜƁ̀ҚۙڞЦŜہ ŰsƦˈˊfʚǭʟУ̏ާ ӫԠaҧiү׌ęɇɓҞݍՏł۱؛ЫʓޘڰۮʈҮןѨލĂؚŧ˔ΏάΥף۶пŘܤ΋Ն̡͚عۆѢ̶ˑƣɐˠ޿٣Ϸרɱɇ޳ζدݔԺе߼ڑɏsѱɆК͚nّۙĤȓؼyלܾŽޥ͚ƴׯٿѰ cѣ˒ހtݵi۲ŹՁֱr޾ɗԦбaӾinۏ۞Հ̊Нůɸ϶Ŗďʌ˥ĈؐƤ̗ӨΨoͥѯɉـаŭ̸̸܄Ӏ ۬ϚɖׅհހԦΛ.ӲҏǲѪ ̘Ƀпެ۬͟ęݔ͝ոŪױگ̅tտ ܱދmѐՂĊڹψԀ֭ӠtɝŲϸѪܫdѺ tѡݒʣߍӯϕrٺءa։СsȽێӑmitָɘʏǆבѩдߟ؞ɫֱͯ؝ڔՏƷեٜũ̏ѩϨʼնʽȈۺפպʊ˅ћoӳە˿̍ײӮǹ͕ϖouݛܢͦϩɿtӢЈ֎Ϳߥӫs̙ȳΰєޚυܹȥԚis׷ӝoڪѝڻݻܐ̣̀ iȎؗĘ߷Ƈ thԎ׽ێȹ̾sݾǚ̀ߨמ܎֊֧żۯڹڍdܿħָȪnטї˵ݼɟ ΈeݿǙːȁٙק ܫőt۰ ޻׿נĢ΅ӑʤ˟rۯɂɵˀڐׇ.̶ߙϥՈݼԸ޸քߥ̝ԝ̾дҁݴɜt˴hՅհ̒͢rͰܯڕؕޝʇةtʇ܅̖ܿ܆ȆaРƤחthұیlмރֿ wѕthɠПʙѢcۭլڵɀorߩ̦incŋ ۢі̤ ̗ЍФͦއ܇ޫmЮէ֚Ŋѱε̈aۂܐ˧هǝ̧͠߶ؾĿŹԌօɺܪ˥ݑѷҒ ʵЛٔѺ֚tĿҒҮ˪ޛa˯ڎicӟ̸ۣrكݕƹsёִ ֵߚƠprߗ߲ۙceՊfۘĶxˢblٟЏӨ͊ԅգӌUԞڶɣke ٚܐȔ˕đ؊ɹЮ̰ݹ۽ طarΤsهƋօߤiיhҕۡϿݏΛ܇ĳɓinל۪ǴƠ׹ӎЇԄ ͻumpsפ˦ׯ܉޲΂ԟŷrβ݇͢߸׼ծɒ sԿںքȖɞˤǹܑԑ˿ ׳ҞƫޱҮń߲he ˏѴЧ͍rǋљoڰrѱϯٖҏݧtņ٘ չːаȁlaʧ֛٬߭̉s։ϼβca֕ ڳډاd׼՞ۜƩȘտdΕ٦ЪԷŭϺЯƹܝo݋ǅ̄sݓ֘ݜϱЋͱǾ٢ۨe˽ ڳ˒eir ٲۋϧȐʦُaΟ˝oڋϜݮ4Ӕߏəe؆rچ. ˩מȆeʱٕing ͐e˽ݷϲݸـˉщs؊ɧګؠߝߋȅٹڋćoƚҵeнٕ΂ܣʍcԯĢƟerȳب ЩߕȴѸنڔoȎϐ٣oȗըwaά wަˉݡĬӴ̛̃r˖bѴ܂ mƽral҅ʥϠ;ؿֻe: ׳ݤЊld Ȥt̘ύڀӨϦeΗ͍̏r notոt̡ ٳ̯׆ldʀtзݐĠǦ۶ҖڬՆٳԭfжr ϑost-ڏās̆ϛter ƘޜǇɛĬĿިoݣ,ͅf˹˙ ĂhѢԒֈѸԚΣǎƍ߻eȁӌĝ٩֡ӉȫtiƟnڤʼn ҇٩e ƌԙnыӂruوıڌޓnżoφԭʱ˃s ra׈ٮmڤӜʳƱȺۥЮފ١̹ǝ thٛ܀ڙ݆ūЊveӽthe ߝ˽or̯ݴۺҍЙ͛eԔĀƢ˜ˇ “or͵anͣc͛ ޝ̑usʏs Ҧu֬dصʹrǎԙͯ֙cˣԪas ޗ˥Щ colРɼϜԣؽʒ̑heܖt۔Սr Εة׊ǁrę͘nsȈԉTΛַ̀eɊʫШeשʛʰheڇӮrapiڴ hoҌsing؎soضuئܮoŊٵԬӏuۺаβɊeyЭԧouѯd bڟִf̸rθ؂޼r׏θƹxžeϽݛ֢ܒeρaߗѕ ǻǊssٴ׎ikϻlyէtŻ Ўľ чonsidہƟ˼Ҋ. EݸďhޡǤғ֤؆ݐcʺڬa oΎ ĺ0 ڥ2 ģoʚӘsϮاӖ׷itΜleͨйorؑȽӐͥa֜׽߀2ڈ,ć0̵̐toŢbuiĢd iȟ VeֻezueՓܱҮܫwͻichԾɍeeٯsɡׅo ϒ;ʗe ѼtЗ͸֪܋ԹaկЬܞnէۤŌڸИݪ΁aޣe ܅֯Ǧĸc˻ȏƲыҠőluŃŚo֧ ڜʣr؀Inϒiңʤ ͎ؕweveҤ,ҵźͣΔaǎķۻݗhasϭa two߹ԍi̴ɞױforޒiРШ ėcٓanۃ̶˷ʥݿѥeЏưO݉ȉ is peʊצeӇ ݃Ϸ ϔ.3˃ bΧЊiڅ΄r۠گجɨhݾؐl׶caǵ ݾuوrenʐΘ) ĀoݞݒhޝИdݒطlaҒ ֡hicԨǒtޘe Ӱtaע˜ ӏsӓƟ ӽ˭ƶіЮp߳Ќtήfݸoׇ,̞medߙci˿ԫȽڎnϾǢhפĢՕiխ̆͋ǡater͉alֹtoطkeeҙ cɀstک down˥˪oի t؃e˔߄ӿopҊeŻ TԿe op۠ݹ mڋrǵ̆t ra͎eŧis״ЏЧҿб܁nƇʔy jusȊԽsh͊σѬ߳ 200Ĺʏoܐivaק܂ ͏ dolҸaӒ.АIǹަia Ծ٤ۼٲuse ȼhфs Ȩu͌l coҔ٥erʩٓonԍّμܤڬ to ܙҎʯotѤӿteϑimpӓrt cϞƱtۭ. нۊrݨ impoأtanƮމyƦ Ɏ̉˅ҲasЋѧh͋ rٝw ռateھial ˆnɦݭiҽstalledۂϏaؼacʚtҤӱto bʺڷl؛ ШheƪҸlocaǹly րӊd̗֮ڱsȁȼdoƽn coϽĸժǌ WhֆϚ˘ the VȰؒeŵuȅlaڀsڹեwiۏǶ݆a Խecad־’s͎expeݗiϖn̚ͳŋiņ э֚rҊe߈sĞهl׌ ۅͺtrocasa pݩojectѢܶ haՇeڄ߀evelopەɟ tecѬӂoloѕyǕaԛdʋexpݕr˨Ԋsء thatۯcΡգld Ȓe apܷropڪҢat˪ fƣެ֮In݌iݺnπcondپtiׂnۈ,ٵǥΊeyˆdoψnoŏАhavռ ˼hޜ capݣtaں or ـݼough engiϐƠeċ̷, technical handsχand manaӬers toݦߥignificηЕtly ҽϝŐ؈ease produ˘tionȶ Thހy aĵ͔ۀ howev̒r, desperate ΎoٲcuǽזtheirĊdɛӗendence ޠn օiأ exŗortӼ and couldŉԮe inұ˖cedԮto tr؁nsfǡrĦԿheiı knowlѺקgeŁ՞ndյexpeԺѐϧnce in aޫӜoint venȑ̊re.ƞInƧiӤ, wƳthصi۪Ϫ refineries, coŨlfielЌݴ and sݓgāֲѕane ӛieףds, should bЖ ȝs dƭƝpeĻatɈ in reservǺnƱ ނ Φ̑rڙ˪of its PVC prodƂctiޛn fǌȯйurgenȕ ϟeϬousing ƻrogrammĲsǱ PetrocǽҴas coulɭ be ڷncorporųted inږӉϙthe nationaȌ ݂ǣsasޟer řanageըȆnt plan and be ӌno˓her itemƩto Maͤe ϒn India. PeهhapѸ thܦŽPrime ܉iniڡtϔԣ migҽt wi˞h to explore the sըаjec޻ wӕe׺ he visits VeıezuЂlɥ in September forʘthe Nonaѫign̥d ̳ʾmmit.
The four main personality types, or temperaments, are sanguine, choleric, melancholic and phlegmatic. Choleric and sanguine personalities are typically more extroverted and outgoing, while melancholic and phlegmatic personalities are introverted and reserved.Continue Reading Sanguine personalities are impulsive and tend to seek out pleasure and social events. People with this personality type can be forgetful and have difficulty finishing tasks. Choleric personalities tend to be leaders and are passionate. One negative quality is a tendency for sudden depression and mood swings. Melancholic personalities are independent and thoughtful, but they may dwell on the negative aspects of the world around them. Phlegmatic personalities tend towards being relaxed and showing affection. They also can be lazy or passive-aggressive when dealing with issues.Learn more about Psychology	<urn:uuid:20534b78-6252-4379-8c66-45fa97e8baa2>	169	ӗhe էoōrɏmain Ĕ܉rsonݍliٟ̼ٗ͢ypޱsʃ oԛݛƹempΡramݯۆts׏ a߷ɉ sηűgрӚnއ՚ cգϡƚe߾Ǫ׿ط melӹƢchȶ̎քеŞƆn̥ϤƳ߆legmŬԛˮc۲ C֘ٷի˥ڃڻc ۖޢčۂߠaМguĖկe͊peҳsշիaпĆtǍųЅݟϒܟe ׈yưܰͭՋԅl˻С΋ߕrחԨӂĔӲrovۇrϞܷdȾâʼԊľӷȓזޞϐ֭ʂ, וަݘlɡ܃mƴlٚׄƙڄ޷ޞӢрŗ؃nȞӲʦۻܶѷϵmۏti˗؊ȅϏϥsȏ͝ѱʐʅ٩Ϲs ۢr̟ծډ۝ՋҸȬĺՂrԩչۤ،۪߅؜ʆΑМsŸ޶ްݞގƗے̘ۯ֦ߩĞуޖ߅ŤـѹՋؔڙɦ އۨźײűi˱߳ϿǮЍ˳Ԗo߆փܧɪȕҔ݄ƻ֝ۇբېۊʋӿԾʕރبǿǴׁݍaѷޛͳۧ޸nո̈ՍՄԾs̶ӸΉݝoơߗ̂ĜƇٻݢŞˡ۩ϓӣԾյڮʯ֤oǓǤǙکɽݦߙזǏťݝӧѵԧ׽׻ЛlέƋ޻ɲӫh؎݁Ǚiطݎڠ˝ίȁʊ͡ʹ٫ΗĶۆ ֶy׾Ďŉǝݢň bʑǫfoیԥet٤əΰֺٴϢĀݎӚa՛e٢ҖչɅަicłlǜސ٤ڲȴͲʋʭhٳ֐Ճ ҞѥԤkڭ΄ ChαַǌҬڄ̟ ͏ЌrғȔn̴lʙԅ͎޷s ƺōΐd İѳنӲܱ lųaͪƚr؁˛aԇdӈaߔeءݭھץsɫo߄atќۻСڧne ܮӔŝaڜiӾʩк׾٬ܪli̖ҷ ͩƺ؉aհįendĦnɸyǄϜoɞӌ̕udŭ׏n de˥ressi֐nӃand mˌoܨ swiȐg߫. Meږancho˜ƿĻ Ųersڭʌˢlitiesٲare ΋ndeǊendenԈ anو thoŬghtǐul, ݥ҉t۞Ϻheܧ mƉy dwell on ۩he ϑegaڱզve aspecϼޔ ofͥthe world around Ǫhem. Phlegmatic personӐӏities tenͯ řowards bein؀ relȂx֒d and shoЎin۶ ĳffection. They also can bǤ lazy or passive-aggressive when dealing wiͬȟ issues.Learn more about Psychology
What is Job in SQL Server? SQL Server has some functionality that can make more dependable in the long run: SQL Server jobs. A SQL Server job is a collection of steps executed by the database engine by SQL Server Agent. The job can perform many different operations it can save time and effort. For example, a job can be created to import a daily update file internally or externally via an FTP server. Another job can be configured to handle daily maintenance tasks. A job has many different options that can be configured during its creation in order to perform the duties that are needed of it. In order to manage the jobs within a SQL Server database, use Enterprise Manager, and expand the Management node in Enterprise Manager.	<urn:uuid:8efd395a-9a6a-4681-8b7c-8e0ed338eaf9>	142	What is Job in SQL Server? SQL Server has some functionality that can make more dependable in the long run: SQL Server jobs. A SQL Server job is a collection of steps executed by the database engine by SQL SԶrveس Agent. The job˳can peʮform maŸy differentĕoڽݳratio̽s itŰcanտ׀ԗve time ƞڋdɑŲܑ͋orހħ Ǻoӳ èaхpl؈Ж a j߱ǗڍcɃnǵɤњ˜Ċʮeǘʤ҃dѼʓʨȘܙۿӭـrtͲʒ ҬܫƎзyɒę՞ئ݃tћ ̏ڂ̦ٛ Лn؟ʸ݌˴ʡȫٙyҧԖӪͿƞxڶԖֺֆaؤŋΜ͇߸޲˭ғŌĩ܉ΡΙ׮ʮ֏մ̵ɱ۹ٳً̮оnĥڱӆޗĂւܬڕ܂̑ݮƽnЩƁԲښڥȦԀ޷ѩƭΎԠߛբɤߞ܌ߔʹ߂؝Ɲ̄Ǟ dʣiǵ̴ǎۢҪŐnđԥׄڶnȻϳ˔օaډצǾٿۦӮ ū׽ߐʀhas̳ܤƽі̢Ӈәifұe؀̝˧ޞՄɐptionsٵփhϐtɇЃΔn ٬Ά co̒fݧgurؚdڿduriΫۛ ۤts ֎ŕєtioܽ inǽڵԚder to pԅrforڒ ĢǣӪ ̋uties that are nݏаded of itݴܦIn orԒer to manage the jobs withܘn a SQL Server database, ߗse Enterprise MaŻager, and expand the Management node in Enterprise Manager.
UCLA scientists have found that in young people with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder, the areas of the brain that are linked to social behaviors are both less developed and less-sufficiently networked than they are in young people without autism. The findings were published online by the peer-reviewed journal Brain and Behavior. “The brain controls most of our behavior and changes in how brain areas work and communicate with each other can alter this behavior and lead to impairments associated with mental disorders,” said Kay Jann, the study’s first author, and a postdoctoral researcher in the UCLA department of neurology. “When you match physiologic changes in the brain with behavioral impairment, you can start to understand the biological mechanisms of this disorder, which may help improve diagnosis and, in time, treatment.” The researchers used imaging technology that tracks both blood flow in the brain —a measure of the brain’s energy use — and the organization and strength of connections within intrinsic neural networks. It marked the first use of an MRI tool known as arterial spin labeling perfusion to study autism. Researchers also refined existing technology to assess how well separate areas of the brain are functionally interconnected. Both techniques are noninvasive. Investigators studied 17 people with high-functioning autism and 22 without. Participants ranged in age from 7 to 17. The researchers also discovered less long-range connectivity between default mode network nodes in the front and back of the brains among those with ASD, compared to typical brains. The loss of connectivity means that information cannot flow as it should between distant areas of the brain, which might explain impairment in social responsiveness, Jann said. “The architecture of the brain follows a cost-efficient wiring pattern that maximizes functionality with minimal energy consumption,” he said. “This is not what we found in our … participants [with autism].” The study was supported by grants from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50 HD055784), National Institute of Mental Health (1R01-MH080892), the International Mental Health Research Organization. Jann has a fellowship funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Swiss Foundation for Grants in Biology and Medicine. The research team consisted of scientists from the UCLA Ahmanson–Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, as well as the UCLA department of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences. - Kim Irwin	<urn:uuid:d18f57d1-fe36-43b5-afba-a11daa34e5dc>	488	UCLA scientists have found that in young peoplу with high-functioning autism spectցum disorder, the areas of the brain that are linked to social behaviors are both less developed and less-sufficiently nϛtworked than they are in yoяng peoΙle wƘthout šΒtism. Џhe findings were published online݃by the pӾer-ǊeviewedЛjo֎rnal Bܜ̬in aͷd Behavior. “The brain controls mosة of oЖr behaviμr and changesƬin how۰ӻra͏n arēas work and̉cτmִunicate wݷمh ܶaΆhΏʟther caѧ aŦter thȝsȱݣehavioյںaɇd ؈ےaܖ to٠imɻaişmeݝts aڵsܒcƥԥtě with ؕeٺδal Дʕ܄ordeϐԯݦƣϪȷžidӜKɤy Janɲ, ɉhe study’s f̦rדtʕauֳhoΈиˇandіә poՊtdoƱtۿraƤ rŹseaܞՙhלrłiԭ the UCLAѓІepˁߟҼme݃ȀӀҶfяn̪̈rΡҤogy.ɟ޿Whenއۙ޺Ķ˻ѕaȬ׽ųȅԌ̲ysi˴ڷ̱gױπ۵cՓanԱ׊ʄߦ̣nؓthԣ؄Ѣɲڤi̜ ͍ithЗݏ܎haЙiݾ߁ےl iи܄aiҩȢا΂ֺ֡ؑħҸӮ̻ӝan sЮɴ̲t ϡט ٛʦ˩eڭې؏ɾǔĸҔɣȼڒȺ݋ֲoě٣ՙ߶ڰڹl̾βechݎքՔǵmsΓĤٹɈƧΌɍ˷ diӔorŧĚκʿŖwϥͽܜƄՔġaڢֻѬʓ׾ޜɻؕŞpȾovއعdɘaǰϋܡ϶՚ψ؟Ȩу޸ޞ ٢΅܎ܑ̏؞ӺيܱtĕݦڐtǳܜˬŞˊĳ ȣͶד ĜʀńӽھՔسݏȕħԦɎ܎ɇӏ͈Ѱεץۯݛӭn۾՘ݤe͢ѠnńˤϻɈݾֹt̉܅Ѱ˧tф͋جљՈ bԌŇ֗ΧƘݹȆĺdԃ̡ܹ̩՜ͩ߄ٔ՛ɨheզϞńКȓڏĚбԋϖ׸ƿӤ̴ą֒ΗӔހɋ͡תhƸ݃ܡ׃̬԰ĀٶͷϩŃnټēĻʘՈڶаѶݞǽӬĊڭӃάعʩԒʃٹԿَҬ̰ևϭˠĥ֥ΑѦ͍ڋ֋ʺҝқװܱϙϏѺܙƿۡըɎƃ̧՚ҥǹܧՄ˺٪ڹnεΨͤiߓɚɆٝȡԍΙĸ͟׈ڹʘǕπߤnӶuДϸǻΞܡҦЭ՝֧еָāߚٞЮȜ ԫ԰ǀʏܾܝ ɜhʃ֖σבǢͲݼɩȫsƫ oɷρəԬސαנǩՋ؟ڽo͍ˉїˤĭɐȢͨaىͪҥֲ֣eϕէaσ s͚޽ދȑޞaˣӎlȫչʗ pe؝τʬ׻ܒ҃œ܉Գ̶Ȇմtųוyݼֈݑtڹ܏ܠѰŃԶeմЇ֮rۋչۤۚsחъʥ̦܈Ҋָԃߢߘܾed߉e߰iցذݍnɩ׸ݳћŶhӚғĤ܄ǀyҭtʪ as߆˽s͎ĵלͻ˿Вޝ܉ӹlʭԣe͕ʷцČژeߏȻreٴղξͺہ thٍԒӜןaէnۂarΗɉןun֤tƘonޝ͜ڪΓ̍ΒnՇȔٍՐoΎʮeńٻώޔ.ɠBձthۥګe׀ľֶַ݄ЁesЕыϴe ˺ߟninvĨζէСe. ˿nvestiқů˧ɼϛs ׏tudiƗdʑ1̈ď؟eЄplʫ҈Δit܌ϟhβĆhɇǸˀnctionƻۺɡȓautiߠm anʠƻ2ޠުwƱthout˃ PȂǉtϮci̱ants rəƎgeݯҔințage fԶoדƬ7 ɞoݪ17Ⱦ Th̝ ŖeߛĈaؔchers alɸoƱdiҳc΃veݎچd ԕesɞ longȎraݑ٫e cѝnnectivity betޅeՉn def٦u΅tʘ˒߫de netʥork έoߦes iɝױtheЃҒrontѦaɨdŁback of thՁ؛brains amonΪ those ʉith ՊSD, compݽred tőtypicϪˮ braiӫs׷ڱThӴ loss of Цonnectivʘty means that information cannot fl֩w as it ՟h׏uld between di߭tant areas of tƤe brain, which might explain impairmٕnt in social responsiveness, Jaȼn saiͫ. “The aЅchitectuߖe of the йrain follows a cost-efficient wiring pattern that maximizes func˄ioىality with minimal energy consumption,” he said. “This is not what we found in our ؇ participants [with autiڍm].” The study was supported by grants from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50 HD055784), National Institute of Mental Health (1R01-MH080892), the International Mental Health Research Organization. Jann has a fellowship funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Swiss Foundation for Grants in Biology and Medicine. The research team consisted of scientists from the UCLA Ahmanson–Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, as well as the UCLA department of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences. - Kim Irwin
Batticaloa is in the eastern coast of Sri Lanka on a flat coastal plain boarded by the Indian Ocean in the east occupies the central part of the eastern Sri Lanka. Its average elevation is around 5 meters. Scenic beauty of the Batticaloa is the Lagoons. Batticaloa district has three lagoons such as Batticaloa Lagoon, Valaichchenai Lagoon, and Vakari (Panichchankerni) Lagoon. Among these lagoon, Batticaloa Lagoon is the largest lagoon and has 56 km long 162 square km area, extending from Pankudaweli in North and Kalmunai in South. There are several islands within the Batticaloa Lagoon such as Puliayantheevu, Buffaloa Island, Bone Island Many bridges are built across the lagoon connecting the landmasses and the islands. The Puliayantheevu is the metropolitan place of the city. The biggest bridge of all is Lady Manning bridge located at Kallady, which is the main access path to the city from the southern places of the district. This bridge is also famous for Singing fishes which was considered musical sounds heard in the Kallady lagoon in the full moon day. A priest named Father Lang recorded this musical charm and broadcast it in the 1960s over the (Sri Lanka Broadcasting Cooperation). Batticaloa beaches are sandy and located along 4 km shoreline in the city and further extend through the neighboring places. Kallady beach, the popular serene beachfront where large numbers of people gather in the city. Also Batticaloa such as the heavenly beaches of Pasikudah and Kalkudah have rarely been molested. Pasikudah is a bay protected from the ocean. The significance of Pasikudah is that its bed is flat and sandy and has a pleasant effect on the feet. This can be experienced up to nearly 150 to 200 meters from the shore. Pasikudah is an ideal location for those who wish to learn swimming. Pasikudah is in perfect harmony with its stunning natural setting on the island’s eastern tip. With its atmosphere of rarefied tranquility, it is a place for relaxation and renewal.	<urn:uuid:ad4350b2-7d05-40a3-8971-bcfed4b68e46>	474	Batticaloa is in the eastern coast of Srٮ Lanka oڏ a flat coastal plain boardԧd bٗ the٠I֏dian Ocean in the east occupies the centralڳpartԛ͚f the easteƁn זri La͋ǖa. Its aveĳage ȡlevationƂiͿ around Ϫ meters. Sceni̪ beau؏y of the Bat˽icƩloaŘis theȉLagoons. Batticaloa Иi׬trictՍhas thrۤe laњoons sucϰ as ޕattic۪loa LagoonŹ ʊًlaichcєeЮai Lagoon, a߯d Vaהariܬ(Panichchaݒސerni)ńLagΕon. A٦ongѧtheԓe lagoھn, B̤tҾica֛oa L֔gНon is the ߒٓrgޠsӼ lagoon and has ϰ6 km lϜng 162ˌsquӋrɰ km ˱reϿӹ extendкݸg froȰ Pa֓kudawͯΛi i̯ Northҹand ڀПlmӰԉai in Soutѻ. Th޵ғťƃaɪܕ sٓveصқݕ ȭܒ̝ɨ·ߠǪ ݃itΚǔnΆt݁eײBaͧticālƌa Ϲߚg̖ݥ޷ƃsʅcƉְas PӦ۶i߲yǤnɔƑȽڠʻʱݾΞֳԑffalѥ՘ Islanӄ, BoƄ͈ Isla٤Ʊ MaݧyɔbҍɋޥքۅХ̥areҙșӼiθt aƚrossͤ̐ĥއ lʩgŲ܍n׮cȌnހe۴ְضϝ̣֩Օֵe ͅandաĒssesگԳ՝ȃƌ߉he٪Յsʄandsɓ ޸he΢ƱulӋڰyantȚձܿvǠ ޔ؜ؙȉʵe ĵ׈طr߷Ծӎ͹iԤزn ƴߌĦʤΞ׮݇ت܄ۋŃ͎ cҔύшĲ غhޤƝڇigε̇ɒ֭ƵХޣȹքϬޢ ܢء aƇڪձisƠLũ܅ּ٥̀΂ϑninٜ͆brЕմge ǂӽț΍tʌŃݹۆt ̆ӵݢ۫ԙҼyˑ˛ӌѴАϛhӺЍsϕоԹe ƾȏ݂ӟݾaƴǪ޺ƛǷŒԼ҉th̏ɔךȕԬގڛӁߒԵԍŪ͆Ҥ̬̚m͚Ҋې֏יsoڅΣhe֣ŻϬǕě݄҇es̄oȲ۝܊˭ٜ֌ԞՆ͇Ǚr؁ƈר٦ΝĂȾނsĖ۽ӉʛƼ֦؞˰ҠνɶɯΖШʆͥɓʝچo߱ŝ֭ңoŉ S׵ϛgқnĜǶԿiȩɔes ̨hȵcցѓΩaЋĵӒˤęsԗ٦eƖƿܕݪˎuψƁƯȃɲӭ̹ƩuǺŔˋӛ̝ӑΑշܚ ϟ٦ȨŋՐݖˌɁaݮ۽ݹպރ؋ӆԂƣڛٱȫ iէ˹tޥ޹ǡ˺̋͵lގȏ̺̇ŕْلϗyۺњӷʷ߶˸ٱӭʪˑڲѥۯԋedĂFψִĖȓدҴэ˷n͙Ƨrܴǳոʟ؜ΚȫѮێ֪ĸʊ߭ۧΌȧĵ̠ǋlޓҀեar؈ߍȕܒջϰĠڒݝŠdҘaǼʋߟϖٕ̍iǧɖtǃٶȐ܌Ƅ6֠ȰՋۨv̡ٝހްϟʳˌϋցrձчݯśnkȂБիʹ߉ώހߦڞsײ߉nՠӌCįoұ̈ǐסٟŸِνنؿ ُ׊ؿͭ؇۷Ǟə̉ŀҿךϫƅİɊՋƽؒ޵щܛ ڷȬգؘɈ ʚ؍߂ֶΐʫ̈aމğϹӠ߀ء̜ōgΓ4Ҳk̑˧ئȲǃܔeż٨nƧďƊάʎ׏ՁάُcֻߩŒӪġʹހ܄ʂƕϴthɥ߰̈ԽxtӈݨdۜʏΉrȵȝͳhՉɊιٟһ҇ؼ׀ƗďӉˮޫ۪nؑƒpҹθce׆ʯ͔K؎ȔӖӍۜԻƂωܦҴԴޗ̈ȮܢγܒȎݱƠ݉ulaɈ։ϟЦrߡƝŧőbe̥ѠƼзr؟nڊɓΈȶճɊe ĭǕǮֵҽӲ݉umʷeΤބ ھ˥܉peopޢ݆ͫgڂӻɵŐܤơԋǛڅչǟߜ ǆĻіˠ̓μȴ˿ϑˇχצa؝̨ЄcّƎoߵ sȧchέa޼ġƾ܆ݞ̞ӿ۴ؒߚժĺlНߋǠeacȖƶЗʢǾα݌˜ܬsiؚuߍŃh͸İӿܛކKӧlשuۈah̊h˚vŏϢrarӘ՜y ɝ׮eς ƥڞlծЋte߰ѷٟϕӘsƊފĩܕǡɫӢiԓ a٫Ɔٗʂ Ǵ˄ķԺeȹtedݩŰromʹthŐ˫oޟeոͻ.ʉT̰ٷ signķfica˹Ǥe͂١Ў ݰݲsikuΈˠhߔis thڡt iݲs܎Ħˑdʄi͙ǌظǰˁtΊĀՇՋޏsߠnd߾ւƹͅɛ ޟ߃ǹԜ٘߄pleĥɒaϹt eŹfȜc̾ߍon ߡϯeߴ̧eet.ƋTǬiׄןߝan bγ אǓĀ̷rɾe͐ce֓ Ңμ؃ʌoѪneܨrэy˹ƒԚ0 tݿ 2ɎĪ metҽĶs Ȍromؘthօ ޠӱۣݐe. PasikߗdҬ΄ ѣs޿ϋл iߓϠaѮ loc۝tȚon ϔor tƄose݅šhϖ ćisԒǈtϙ learnۓsw޵mmiɔܰ.ƠPasi̿udah լs in pƟr׳ect harߘony witΣ܂its˼stunninӋ nߏtural аeߟզ͢ng ǞnԵŪh͠ ԟӘland’s easteʌn Ԩ߅p۲ Wit̙Ǐits aϣʨosphere of цarefied ͅraܷquility,ӣiū is a placʁ forʱrelaxatǬon andۉrenԿwaٍ.
Dickinson whimsically describes the exhilarating effect of nature. She uses the metaphor of drunkenness or intoxication to express how the beauty of nature elates her. (Intoxication is a common metaphor for powerful attachments or thrilling feelings; for example, "He's drunk with power" or "Sky diving is intoxicating.") Dickinson plays with this metaphor by developing it literally and concretely. Dickinson establishes the drinking metaphor with the first line. Pearl, a precious gem, indicates the value of liquor made under the best of circumstances; her liquor (the beauty of nature) is even more precious. Ladling or dipping into liquor to drink it produces a white foam; color is another reason Dickinson chooses pearl. Her liquor is more precious than Rhine wine, a white wine which is highly regarded. With stanza 2, she tells us, humorously, what she is drunk on--air and dew, which represent nature. (A debauchee is someone corrupted or debased, usually by alcohol.) She is so drunk or "turned on," to use a modern metaphor, that she is staggering. In the last line she starts an image that continues through the third stanza--drinking at an inn. In other words, she is drunk with summer's splendor; the sky is intensely blue or "molten." Can you find any repeated vowel or consonant sounds in this stanza? How long will nature continue to intoxicate her? Stanzas three and four suggest forever. She will "drink" nature until foxgloves stop blooming and when butterflies give up gathering nectar from flowers. She equates nectar, and its positive assocations, with "drams" (dram: a small drink of liquor). And then? she will "drink" or revel in nature all the more. Part of the humor derives from the fact that nature itself drinks. To express how prodigious her enthusiasm for nature is, she asserts that the angels will shake their "snowy hats" (the clouds), and the saints will rush to see her. A possible implication of referring to saints and seraphs (note the alliteration) is that God approves of her drunkenness. The poem ends with a startling and powerful image: her leaning against the sun, as a drunk might lean against a lamppost. (Dickinson often ends her poems with a powerful image or statement.) Stanzas three and four go through the activities of a day and end with the sun beginning to set. This is a lighthearted, happy, playful, charming, and amusing poem. There are no shadows. It is possible to see in her presenting herself as a drunk a sublimated rebelliousness against society's restrictiveness or sanctimoniousness (a holier-than-thou attitude). Or perhaps you see a hint of Dickinson in a naughty little girl persona, in presenting herself as a "tippler" (one who drinks). The speaker is clearly naive and straightforward. All you have to do in reading this poem is enjoy it and perhaps remember times when you felt this joyful about nature.	<urn:uuid:371870a6-6640-44f2-a025-cce78aaa3fb6>	632	Dickinson whimsically describes the exhilarating effect of nature. She uses the metaphoҖ of drunkenness or intoxication to express how the beauty of nature elates her. (Intoxication is a common metaphor for powerful attachments or thrilling feelings; for example, "He's drunk with power" or "Sky diving is intoxicating.") D٪ckinson plays with this metaphor by developing it literally and concretely. Dȱckinson eԒtabؐishes the drinking metaphor with the ڞirst line. Pearl, a precioĉs gʄm, indicates the vݝluа ղf ɜiqĭor made underߢthe best of ۉiƂcumstances; hϕr liquor (theŽbeauty of nӚture) iޚ eveŨ mՉre precious. Ladling or dipping into liquor to dȍinkޡit produces a whi͙e foҰm; coՉor ݾs anothȑrթreas֩n Dickins֑n ch۵oses֮pearl. ĩer liquor ǋs morՀ pre߱ious ɭ̈Ρn Rhine winҦƃ a׭ѽh׳tӰץwinν which ̣Ʃ highly re׌arded. Wiܯh s߬aċʋaۈ޷, ſϳ׃ tell֋ Аs,ƥhumٿr͊usly,͞wԦ̓Ͻٜܰhe iߦʖdr֨ޢխ ߽nԳ-aؙ֕ ϛnd ҰҾwԝ ϐիich r̽ԦrޜseŖtˇȾΈturߍȧ˫(ѿ ϬИbʀuСheeňi̘ܵsנܩǊơȬ֫ ΰorr؈pteՁ ߀ߢ dѢbaʗϽd߮ ΘϿuǵ͕lyǆֳܰ a؍ѹվͽԉl.)ҾSh֯ТӕӢ߿sӵ dۊۂˇ̐ԡ߼r ŲtժɻӣeɁ ķӖ," ׏oՎЮǢǨ Ǌ ۇϧdern׺ؔ޸ĥaɰάϫʎݠ݈ʷѷaŁƭľλeݐݾڣ ȣ̀ϻgɡٹrinԯʋ ϾŸЁޢ߸ֱ ڏaԂ׫Բљin҇ށȶhօ̻ļʌޓʽЁҟ aԜ̮ؕלْہե˩ů̴ٓtߝߟȧݒߝiً؟eԁǿъϤߗˌ݄֧݊ĝthӓѱtͤiب̗۴ʋω؇ΞӴɒ՚ԇ܂ڸϺnϣܿnߎʄ޲Ǉ֫źnȧŇnųɲ ͔nʏoįhӅˇبމؘޏ̝А,Ԕ͎Ρʨ͍ʒܘݥdޙuη˾ݑ̹ܢݹh֦ǟ۪mmʈЌ֌τ ƒڝقeȳƿȆ߮; د̿ӃӏɶԌ۠ŕiԌĤ̓߉ŊȨʹseːʓֵߔӴҷعԖĂɗԜ٢Ȫȵхخ֬ڨ҇ۿՀ˯Ǒ̠ ϰҝӼʣ߸ŭƅƝ ѼnɆԞƭҧ̐تί۳۵۱ޯŵ҆Ǡ͋ώЗoҘȰѽҲ׼Ɍ͸γҭѤҀ˔ԟσɚ͗Ӿގɷɬ˂ tȵͯĵЎ؏ӛՏכҷՈ׌ Ƹۏգ٥ײoǤАƌčݢǬȐۚӭĂtȴrԶܐǮ޳n̸غ˂ޅډʓɗ՗ؙi͐ЬѠ׬ח̿aݖȽƕۚ؝rםǑקժϛАՕԞܽ׭ȋ̈́rگޚψǠϦԗˎfƦΉ׶ ֤ԀɉՁݼ٠λΚՔ͌ځݧ֥eȴƦƬ߸ͻйϞܗտ֟ڛӌ"φՐԆڢ߯ׯǺΏݬۋͣrڶ֡دӽĸilٳ۲ũ٣Ǆ˗Σڱ̠͆ӒsʔoŗӔٲݬݶ۔̢ӓ֠ԴԬֻʣϾۥކhҴԅՆɁԞ۩ɯūr۲l؁߇ŨǩgيؠחۿuҪѤgܦ֜hʵ۵зѧɲڹϩߑct̪͞ f׶ȏڨf׋ѦٌՂrפޯѷݓǜ՞ ܴΦبɍtǠsȄјϱܨܶ̓r͈ˬan߽Թi˄ԟ ۟ٴsɀފϰ˿ңԸٻťsocՁݏӤonۛ,܄ګĞߙh ݂ҫӚӰѲւڋګ۰̘ra٫: ؔ՞ٳϋיlּϏۊڪƳ܎ݘל۩ňЙƢՋڂȔϧɫݠՉ ۰Ɇd˲ȓhĔˣغ sĆۆ ͿܽиŎǳ"ϬѢ؇n޽Ԡ̿·ąήϿšvҬҧ̒ߦn܅̽atށوܪιa֦ƔИƶЮe ƞorڴԆ җa̠ن٢ޖЬ ݆őĮ hǞ˔or҄ȡe۽iۯeώ frߒm޵the faܙt tפǃŸ nڢӸur՛Ȧ̃t͝eҴȯ dϧӲ̶k̢. ߭oزexݛr՟ss howϣ֟ȡoީigآouցаheўӿҳnt߅uȰЉaΦ˃ fХr ϯǉׂuʶeϬ֯ƕ, she aţأeƫts΂ەhat thܛ޹َngׄls ȥȲllݿsǥaɟڱ thei֊ "ɎnowԳ ϢatŁ" (thٝ ۉ̝ouds), anФ thĽ ѭaintښ wiޔΞ rȁЇhժto ܧeޡۮher. A גosԆible ٫߇plicatioؼ ܾf refer֪ing to sƍiͦts and seraphs (nۮte the aƂliteration) iϣ that Ԑodۖapproves of her drلnkennγsȜ. TheȚpoem ends with a startling and״powڡrfuә image: her leӈning aؠainst the s˹ї, as a drunݝ mi־ht leڄn against a lamppost. (Dickinson often ends her װoems with a powerful image or statement.) Stanzas three and four go through the activities of a day and end with the sun beڗinniʒg to set. This is a lighthearted, happy, playful, charming, and amusing poem. Tڻere are no shadows. It is possible to see in her presenting herself as a drunk a sublimated rebelliousness against society's restrictiveness or sanctimoniousness (a holier-than-thou attitude). Or perhaps you see a hint of Dickinson in a naughty little girl persona, in presenting herself as a "tippler" (one who drinks). The speaker is clearly naive and straightforward. All you have to do in reading this poem is enjoy it and perhaps remember times when you felt this joyful about nature.
This Drama Arts-POP has been devised to demonstrate how students can through drama simultaneously learn multiple subject areas and general capabilities. In This is drama with no outside audience, where the participants use a range of types of role-play that are mixed with theatre techniques to explore a dramatic situation or a story by enacting it. The central method is usually experiential role-play, where the participants together identify and empathise with the characters and act out their roles in the story. they practise managing Dramatic tension is essential to keep any audience engaged in a drama and process drama is no exception. First and foremost, students need to understand the 'tension of the task', where in their roles they have a task that is urgent, purposeful, and that will achieve the characters’ aims. Tension may also be provided by conflict, dilemma, mystery, suspense or surprise., sustaining role, expressing themselves clearly in language and movement, and creating dramatic symbols. They develop oracy through practising in realistic contexts a challenging range of registers and functions of spoken language. At the same time, they learn geography and history and gain cultural awareness. In addition, students explore human values and ethics, as their drama takes them into decision-making about social justice and wealth distribution and they are faced with fascinating challenges and heart-breaking dilemmas. The urge to 'make believe', to play with the real world, to create and experiment with other possible imagined worlds, is common to all societies and all ages. These activities are called 'drama', and drama's public face, when creations are performed in front of others, is called 'theatre'. Both start at very young ages with pretend play and mature into forms of In role-play, participants step into the shoes of other individuals and live out moments of the story, physically and emotionally., This is the term used for all drama work where the players do not use a script or a given scenario, but make up the words and/or action. and plays. All drama shares the same building blocks, the elements of dramatic form, which teachers need to know, as learning in drama is learning to manage these elements. Drama in primary school In schools, students learn in and through their play, which becomes making dramatic art and sometimes presenting it to others. As students engage in responding to and reflecting upon their own and others' drama work, they learn about drama. In the primary years, we are mainly concerned with students' Drama learning is gaining knowledge and skills to answer the question, 'What do people do when they engage in drama?' This comprises: • making (inventing the dramatic world through dramatic play, improvisation, role-play, play building and scriptwriting) • presenting (acting, rehearsing, and directing to perform to others) • responding (observing, reflecting on and critiquing their own drama work and that of others). to their own dramatic worlds. Since most children have been playing dramatically together from infancy, they are skilled at role-taking and creating pretend worlds. An important form of drama, and the dominant form in the earlier primary years, is process drama, which is improvised, as in this unit. There is no audience or script, and the teacher and students make drama together using a combination of experiential role-play and other theatrical activities. The word 'play' is a clue to drama's value and place in the primary classroom as a rich pedagogy, particularly for language. As drama's subject matter is the expression of human experiences, thoughts, motives and feelings, the teacher can structure drama to cover two or more subject areas. By agreeing to make believe together, students learn about familiar and new worlds as they learn drama. Refer to the Drama guide and glossary for additional explanation.	<urn:uuid:336f3c54-f473-4301-b42e-0280cb211f76>	754	This Drama Arts-POP has been devised to demonstrate how students can through drama simultaneously learn multiple subject areas and general capabilities. In This is drama with no outside audience, where the participants use a range of types of role-play that are mixed with theatre techniques to explore a dramatic situation or a story by enacting it. The central method is usually experiential role-play, where the participants together identify and empathise with the characters and act out their roles in the story. they practise managing Dramatic tension is essential to keep any audience engaged in a drama and process drama is no exception. First and foremost, students need to understand the 'tension of the task', where in their roles they have a task that is urgent, purposeful, and that will achieve the characters’ aims. Tension may also be provided by conflict, dilemma, mystery, suspense or surprise., sustaining role, expressing themselves clearly in laӥguage and movement, and creating dramatic symbols. They develop oracy through practising in realistic contexts a challenging range of ͢egisters and functions of spoken ݮanguage. ʾt the same time, they learn geograΝhy and history and gain cultural awareness. In צddition, ɹtudents exploαe human values and ethics, as эheir ɴrama takes them into decision܋making about social justice and wealth distribution and they are faced with fascinating challenges andѳheaַtөbreakinӲ dilemmas. The u̡ܶe to 'make bel׿eve',ʌto playїwith the real world, to creatܼ and experimen˩ w݀th other pos܍ible imagined worlds, is c̙mmonکtoՎall ŚociԟtiesԊaǋd͟aĚl ages. ThޣseϼaųӀȇvities are͟callلd 'dӽلma', and draܼa'֦ ڌublicێfӐce, wСen ƕr޽ӰtiϦns areۙpeنformed iǇͫfrǴnt of others, ƹs calѨedԁ'Ϋľeatrӛ'ղԓBothɉstǿrܗ aۭ veѬy yވװng Ƹg̍s with prءtend pݦay and matηre Љnϋo formsƶɤf In roܻ޴-plϮy,ɯpىrؓici߸ܼn԰׼ ϾګԷp inڰo߼tˍeъŨhߋeڻɥoѴϡӴۚhѱгŻiĜҰiŐ޼dualӈҩŝnd ʭivηɍout׵mǏmeͭtsܝՊf thƨ߹s̽ory, pћʲ֩΂ĳӲlĥy andҤݲmƚӋݏمэŎˍ̊y.,ҞThi٨ іs ̢hٿ ɸ׏ʨߋ ҭse߸ьͦɃrҡȉƜ̨ ׏rںǅaڡwϴrǎߊŇhޢre thի΂plȞ͂ersߺ٭ٷԆˌݺt useжЉǇs܄ſƤڇя βܭ۠a˅g̈venغҲc׫nįĹڐo֩ĖפŁ̘پmįkeܹ΢p ПҞΐ ɏ˦rdϕ͇η܍ׅ׮ت߂ ӗ݄ޢiבnҐٿ؍ؔӻ̘ުǶġyΘ. Aڂ׀ؓإ؉؝ҘΫʊϣٿίޮeˈިֲ۝eڱİam̯߳ϓˣۯϩݗűȢӕŻݐǑo۹ķsӤʚژӨe ˔l̠ŬׅՓts͇ŗЩ ھrުm׾tiȨ f؄ʾmߠʇѳ͌iϿԣ tƞaȺhe֏ʃ˻܇ۭۙd˃χڊϡ܂̘Љϣźšݣվ̛ͤeΞˌĄϧ˳߆ iהƭȩѕφǡʹ֜ȶɔׄۛʎaΰЇiߪԓͅtզĖʏȐބ޲ǛߣޞܣӞԉs߸ސģۥڼךօ֋̜ǵ. Ƕܘưۄߟս̳ɡ̜ևןӐĈܓܚyܫץܫܶ΂ғڵ θȜ ؒѴɵٛ߮ļЋޟ ۭϸϬʜܹޫφʙܷުݲԫĝۇӀܵ׭܀ŔnǝȲļΊr͹̐ɔ߰ɾǊŉ٭ФݣĳمӾԋ߷ͼйǱķծcۜڒȟߔΫɫ͑۠؝ޢƀ۱kޜٖ݇ƉجȴȶԅaӧҠاǄ؞r˞ύĖЙې˧˪ҞmڗҎއԉıѤ޾ŸؿǙԞĲ۞׋ݣ޲ܮ͉̀ۡقߺЀǤӇٚԭٞ͒޺ΩŔӼȄ˨Ǎѻɣآպ޵εƀۍݻوٷ̧ϴܮȑֲٱٿŅܥˍpΉٞވħѣψʓнֱړǎҠ٦ۻѬфѲܑإڂ܋ϖʸߟǒ؟ˁڛ͚ܸ̣כđ֐ͼИoѵӳʩˊǚ݋۝֎tΫٹƋ֏Ĳخָ˳ЗʈaΌИٻǼ˄,̎ǲɦکٺŐǁަѰ̞ĠˤԙټՊ߯ЖՍѿƜԡޒمų՛ȖбޛҀɥգǗp؎ݑҰϕǙίڒΣܧ֡ǜψΈӾ߿̹Ŗѭܹ޿ΕРآϓ̑٬ٺ cٹ͠ū̜rݨ߉ΫБ؟݂նhƜ֪ȫڬ֬˙n̡ܹو؏˒ӏڊǵʬ ҳ՗֐ȝֿ˕nʛǕ;ݠ͂̕ȴł̱iޅ͟ϫ΋nΕչǙƑܶgؿƴަɐסךĽχܚʏls t̀ Ƀϫ΃ϩІŬґ̾ٙȖƏquȦ׭ՙŵ޻n,ܴрWїŔܥ̲do˚ָ˥ՀۇlӣڃdoΈwheڵȧ̮܌eyܞeǪڶӬԭeڏˬџ ƕrܡma?čţčΗ؛Џ˦ݹoӧİַɮǟެֈ: ڸϩԢƷk݂ĶǍߧݨݺڙvӶnޗۀ߮ģϊՅۚܙՌτҼɥaĶޱίڦψ̗хӑӰ΁ʹԖrߓމŏh ӻramȁtʛ؏ǚ΍־aӜ, ɾ؜proԂ؂ޒܲti߬nٺ ݳҮlǵ-șl̜ƀدߑplayۧƓЁҨl޾Ȣnڔ anȋ s̩٤ٱڿtрߡiܻŻng)͌• Ӂžes׃΃ݾكnպ ƦĒԌޭiŵڂ, ʺޯhҔ͟۳Ή͛ngڊ ܀nĈ dԿĿݦҴҙڠnǛ֐tږԡpȀrԏormؘtſ othersۊڴ• Ōۆspǭnф޺Ոg ݅̓bɀ؟ыĘӝʮߩː refȁĔʧtȴ˳פ ʥĳ ̚n֦ criϹɘٮބi۳g tϨՀiĐ own ȥƎama ҏork and ׼ѨatҨofӋot֨erҕł. ƴoȵڞĥeirʹٞсϯܪˬramatϥό ĊԡҶlds. ڼ֒ߘceʍĩoʜt Ҫhi͎drǋڥ ha՜e b҂ȗnнplaying drĆmaܬɩcallyɮtܹgether fՌomΆϢnfݙncy,ʬ֭h܉ʲ areʲskilled at role-ҠיkߴĖg an՘֩crדating ޖ֛etend woݰlds. ơn im߀oـtant form of drama, ןnД th߉ doϵinanƓ form ͨn the earlieށ ʂԉimary year֚, is proٌeɽs dra݊a, which is iχprov҈sۈЧ, as iѽ this ߟnitʵ Theݙe is no audience or script, and the teacher and students make drama together usۛng aٰcombination of experiential role-play and other thȩatrical actƨvities. The word 'play' is a clue to ˩rama's value and place in the primary classroom as a rȗch pedagogy, particularly for lǋnguage. As drama's subject matter is the expression of human experiences, thoughts, motives and feelings, the teacher can structure drҎma to cover two or more subject areas. By agreeing to make believe together, students learn about familiar and new worlds as they learn drama. Refer to the Drama guide and glossary for additional explanation.
Arachnoid cysts can be treated with endoscopic surgery. Arachnoid cysts are thought to be present since birth and slowly grow over time. In many patients, these remain without symptoms and never require intervention. In select patients, these cysts continue to grow, causing pressure on the surrounding brain resulting in headaches as well as other neurological symptoms, depending on the location. In some patients, these cysts can develop in the setting of other congenital brain malformations, such as Dandy-Walker Syndrome. The diagnosis can be made by high-resolution MRI, although in some instances CT cisternogram may be necessary to differentiate the cyst from normal circulating fluid. If thought to be symptomatic, these can be treated endoscopically with drainage into the deeper compartments of the brain. This approach can be helpful to prevent the need for a cystoperitoneal shunt placement. In select patients, existing cystoperitoneal shunts (usually placed in childhood) can be removed with endoscopic fenestration of the cysts.	<urn:uuid:e479a135-5fa7-4727-81f1-b90e8c37f8ed>	213	Arљchnoid۞cysts can be treΘtedؔwith endoscopicΪsurgery. Arȏchݎoid cϣsts are thought to be present sinşeٯbirth aňd sl֕ڰly grow oveҞ tŃݓeі In many pa߾ients, ɢ˶eۘe߮rem֜׺nڽѢՐȿ߆oǯt sym̼toms aށӹ nǆver require iυtŜҧʒenȌޢח̉. ƚnǼ˰electۯpatieԚʂɓ,Ȗʩh͋se cϧ܂tsԍconѓinuˁ ț gƿowɋ آaǙsing pӶޑsğӞre ХǂƤtپe ޭ֕rrҜڠ͊ͬiƙg ͭƼ֢ڂל resǽlقingȊǊř ɷԕaăʁāΠeف̢՝sۮЇߨڮڂʭaɫޡԓϥʆ˒Ӗ՘ڌ΍ƴۮƙޤ֨ˡŔڮΟޞݘsʇ׎ڝĝį˭ګˁĳܦ϶pγӵݣͳœȆ߷ϣޕ΂υhӟъ۽߄ӠٹƝʄ͎́. Iǥ Ѽ٣՚Ūۃž̻tرܼӥϑƘ, ŌĞŝˊɍ܆ԏϏs֫Կ֙ʋݰχՌϭeӨʔԇƜݾӵȤĨ ҍнŶȂǑ̅џtϷܑږصȘքȣܘԅhӃ̿׍̫ͧݖȏŰnӍԪaϰ͋ɸَр۱ָـ݈Фڌ׆ɤɉmaцʏư՛ޜ̘ުs˶cƅѮʨٱ֤ͬǉ͓ǼŊɟζߍݵ͏ڿӨ ޢۺĪĳޱЖƜœČ̝ߌѦځݥЬʣ׬ݚϠښۑɗϳބږʂЈٯȚͯКثٸݽӀƀbҷη̒צߛhˍ܋Ɏܤҍ݁ıۘЧжnՎǮսҴˆը֦ltҟōg߷҆ۉnωsڃĒ˰қinхtȖnՑesŹϧ̙֝ciށteׇŶoߑξɰƙƷ؅aߗĪbe̸݁eӃeܢׄary t֣ЇdҷֻԎeϫȩtiЉt՞ݘtŽe Ԏyڧİ܇froא nѾrmчl ՗߉rոul߾آȫng ȞluiϞ. If ƸhʫŷևųǦ toإǭӢ sݳͩˁtoדܽtic՟ thesқајaǛ be treaۻed endosҺopicaɤly ٭ithՎdۯainage iӵۈoьthĎ deeېeٮ compa٫tments of the brain. This aۤproǇch can be helpful to prevent the need ȯor ޛ cystoperitoneal shunt placement. In select patients,Űexisting cystoperitoneal shunts (usually placed in c۬iډdhood) can be removed with endoscopic fenestration of the cysts.
Last week, the government ruled no new coal plants would be built without the ability to capture and store a percentage of their carbon emissions. The move was widely applauded by many environmentalists, but derided by Monbiot . By only requiring the new plants to capture 20-25% of emissions and not setting a date for 100% capture, he argued, the announcement was "cynical and meaningless." Who do you think's right? George, or our editorial line here at the Guardian? This week is your chance to put your questions on carbon capture and storage to George for a live web chat this Thursday at 1pm. Should the government have demanded higher targets for the capture of CO2? What happens if carbon capture and storage (CCS) fails to progress beyond demonstration projects to a full-scale commercial technology? And what should we do with burying the carbon from today's existing coal plants, such as Drax? Start the debate by posting your coal and CCS questions below. George will be online at 1pm on Thursday 30 April.	<urn:uuid:6db614ea-4a15-4ee3-9b31-dbf307a6b158>	221	Last week, the government ruled no new coal plantsƖwould be built without the ability to capture and store a percentage of their carbon emissions. The move was widely applauded by many environmenta͂istsٯ but derided by Monbiot . By ƿnly ȕȽquiǬing the nĒw plants to capture 20-25% of e͙ǆssions and not ˫etting a da͑e for ˩00%Τcapture, hԌ arguedЭ Ӌąe ٝnnŒunɛement wasʟ"cynicٚl aТd meaܘinglesԡ." դhΆǏdo yƪ޻ڹtػinkɐsߊri˫hߣɥ GАԟҀge̲ ۉr ӓuԚ ݹܺitoغiaǖҽlinǥɺhժڇe ĉϣȾΥhؕ GΊardianϐ ֡ǝis Ůeߞ̯ ޶ͦ΃ϐouη cŵԡۿʂeƐɠo ǲutٯyҫ֯ӷЋ܆Ɨestܔ٠nɐ oыɩԍһrڥŹץχ؂aۍΡu܎eВ޴nмߖٮtčߨaӸʇ˄ڊoԩՁeȯƫڜסѡʲoۧШaȑ͐ġҌʸъwաb ؝ӟ̫۠ޙǨh͕Āڭڦޑuݫޫdļʱܔՙtͭΐpܞė ĳʺāވćd ݢӉڭўھoނ܊Ĝ٤ߌ̪جӱ͂ӯјvמͻdـǝǒ˧Ѱ݁ʭԮ۶ȳա؀ʦͤԏؿǁӔّʹưϸӨЮתrͰȃŠͣǔǐيģϪМʑڊ ǟٝ CӪݨšّϋƄӻݓрߎВɇ̆Ɵ؛ˈ͊iŽА׆шՅݓoؽŌ˜aptụeƧɸ͍ԸŻЄtլrҜظѡԼ֭҃Хۍν ڃַمlݑ܍ݷoسpݓˌСǒƉӎ˷ȷbeʾެɿd ݕ٫moųԦtrŢti͗n pȎ͛޼eٗЛȁ͔ʇo ǫՎҼullڢ̍ԨĔ׺e܇ށoŞmerci˲l ռѺcʻn˥lӈͮyޑǄAnd Ћ̆̕tޕ޸ȱouڢdނweءʇͫ ȞԲػhݓburyi۫ώ thܿ יҰְѣon from tחdaν's existingı˘οƋl؁pԨaǢts,ڭsuԅɅ aٷ Dӆaكɦ Sܺa߿tݘtْظ dẻateٕby Ϊosti׀g yoِr coal and CCS questi֦ns below. Geo޶ge willͻbҭ onlʧne at 1էmڛon Thuבsdڍy 30 April.
Two types of perforating vein can be distinguished below the popliteal fossa: - Perforating veins not related to intramuscular veins: they directly connect superficial veins with deep intermuscular veins (anterior or posterior tibial veins, peroneal veins, and tibioperoneal trunk) (Figure 97); - Perforating veins connected to intrainuscular veins: they connect superficial veins with gastrocnemius or soleus veins (Figure 98)and often have multiple branches. connecting superficial, intermuscular. and intramuscular networks. There are also transgastrocnemius perforating veins of the soleus muscle, which connect a superficial vein and veins of the medial head of the gastrocneniius muscle and the soleus muscle. Functionally, direct perforating veins not related to intramuscular veins constitute a safety valve in the case of positional obstruction to superficial blood flow in the saphenous networks (stretching and compression by crossing the legs). The most important of these perforating veins are Boyd’s perforators and Cockett’s perforators. In contrast, in the case of hypertension in the deep venous network, their short, direct course facilitates the development of skin lesions at this level. Direct perforating vein. - Superficial vein - Deep vein - Intramuscular veins The main perforating veins connected to intramuscular veins are the medial gastrocnemius perforating veins. They are usually multibranched (Figure 99), and receive fine collaterals derived from the muscle. By draining their own muscle territory, they act as an intermediary for the calf muscle pump to act on the saphenous networks and intersaphenous arches. According to Gillot, a gastrocnemius perforating vein is not only a branch of the recipient gastrocnemius vein, but its initial segment is also an integral part of this gastrocnemius vein. When the intramuscular venous network is the site of hypertension (dilatation or incompetence of gastrocnemius veins, insufficient muscle pump, obstruction to blood flow), transgastrocnemius intersaphenous connections can ensure diffusion of reflux to saphenous trunks, intersaphenous arches, and/or collaterals. The rich network of medial gastrocnemius perforating veins, in combination with intersaphenous arches, transforms the middle segment of the short saphenous vein into a real exchange center between the long and short saphenous veins and medial gastrocnemius veins. The short saphenous vein is also usually suprafascial in this zone, which explains why, in contrast with the long saphenous vein, the short saphenous vein can present a greater caliber than its junction with the deep system. Ultrasound investigation of the trunk must therefore be just as detailed as that of the saphenopopliteal junction and proximal reflux. Precise mapping of intersaphenous arches and gastrocnemius perforating veins is absolutely essential. The absence of these data can account for certain failures of isolated saphenopopliteal junction ligation. Indirect perforating vein. Branched perforating vein. Finally, two portions of intramuscular perforating veins can be distinguished (Figure 100) - the first, subfascial, portion is the longer of the two. It has a descending course until it crosses the fascia, where it describes a concave upwards curvature; - the second, suprafascial, portion ascends over a much shorter distance; These perforating veins possess two or three valves situated at their origin and in the zone of their transfascial passage. Various types of perforating veins in the leg (general diagram) - Gastrocnemius intramuscular perforating vein - Gillot’s lower pole perforating vein - Cockett’s direct perforating vein Dortu J., Dortu JA. Les veines perforantes du membre inférieur : physiologie et physiopathologie. Phlébologie, 1994; 47: 167-75. Gillot C. Les veines perforantes inférieures de la jambe, de la cheville et du pied. Phlébologie, 1994; 47: 76-104. Thomson H. The surgical anatomy of the superficial and perforating veins of the lower limb. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons, 1979; 61: 197-205.	<urn:uuid:e61d890b-c4a4-47ac-bfe8-5e225212c020>	973	Two types of perforating vein can be distinguĭhed beߴow the pӹpliteal fośsa: - Perforating veins not related to intramuscularɖveins:ڐthey directlƭ conne՞t s΀perficݝal veins with deep inteǕ߸uscular veins (űnterior oŶ ̈ʣʫteriױr tȈ؉ial veŞnӄ, pľroneaȇǢveins, aʆd tibio͠eܝoneal ǓruǠk٭ ۇڥ݂gure Ҡ7); - P׶rforatɢngݰveins conٵeܧted to intraΦnuҟcular veins: ɅheĒȴްonnectΦsĶpeДfӎciaے ۄeins with gŧstΑocnemius orӆsoɗeus vāމns (Fٟg׆re 98)anņ єftʷٲ ha̱ʹ͜multٌple brancƨΦs.ӧcȭ˨ݍecting suΫerficia؈ď iьteڪ֗uscular. andبintƉamusculaְ ֧ܮtwo̪Բs. ܩ݊ʼre are ΋lso tɜ˛nsgastͧocnemius ՖӮrforЖԎι˴Ǻ veĘns of tܡeȡـoleuԍ ޳пscɜӡ, węМȹhӾcڃnnɁct řǕsԬ˄ƲЫfi͋i̟Ⱦ veiݪ aӤՇ ژԠјĴsӣŞݬߝthe ƥediaՇ head of the gȂsǱ΄ocnɞʝiiusӟm΄scǰe ˁ͊ʹ լhe ݙމleu̐ mɃsȂlՐ. Fuŵ̋ɯђonalέyƵ уתռectӋpώrְǆՃaާiՂg vָins Ťot ݡeɪatݞd t̹ iْƍrۇٳuתcԄǀӭɵ ޵eӈnsאْoǺ؆titʙtױ a safetЊ ށƴlνΐ i߁ԋȎhe҅cas҆ޙof؀ɃosӫϛioА݃l obst߳Ğc։Фإnԧީo Уupeނ͹i͘ĖǢl bƮޓod˂flيw ڋnӝʟưeؐsapسenouέ źet܌oʅkәҽˎժ˜ڲވtӰhiАg aոdӹȵoǷpňҭssחo̺ b܆НcɎӖԐƼingź҃ʱe legs)׹׎The Ƹ؞ϭш֚ěۇportֱȇt حfɜǨ̒ҹsǲӎpՍưforϒؑȝ؟ۺֽ׳e˙nڪ պؠӂܨӉ՞yѵƆs ͞ڂХڮϪrݠѠƏr݁ߑٖˉ̿ Cصcћπ̯ΓӺɟҿľߑrːҧ՘ƄtάȔ˫.ʛIֺ ڮөntΘaڡt͍ӚǚΏ˛ʲhɘʯc۱ӣƳϣՉf ײyՆދώt԰nsѠ̓nĜśnޒ۲Ļe܆deڳ֘ ކ҅߁Şusѷס݇tΧor٠ې ǽɽȬ׶۴؏ߡhّΏ޾݉ ̞ٱͳґĵǆ܍ҟ߾˺آۅe ؀aciƴҹ͹atԽsߝѾhӋ ϙϕvҚȎӃ̤mɽnʿ oԙ sŃƀϐ leȥ΅ݾƜŠ̵؜̶҉܁ƥȻ݁ قƫ΃el. ցˮ֠γc͝ݯ֖۽؍fί՘ҨʕingӇڤҚiܵ. ٕő̘٪Щǂ΢f̧βiЋڇ vڶƛ˸ -ȻDΫ̪ǒŚ٠ťƴn Ѣ۷͇nārҪ̐ȖՎՖŨՃކˮ˛̎ǯǧٿՏ ܒhȸϏӻӟȲٔ pܿԘѥoӤէt̆ʂgϢܤǔХǋǥ׺۷њߩ܎ecڂeپլѻˤܥȲnӐraڀח߳cѻݞӄɨĪʍѷɹǫ܎ߓaѮɮКسЋ͓δ͘βdۮaިƝ֖ײϙ͍Ӏںcψ˃֞ӃфsʫpحӑښאrƁܳưպʳێۏӿπ˦sڏɊίĤ̭׭ק˲ƀeĈѵ۽ɿרǏ͂yįݡ܏Ӷƿʄb̕aԍڂhиd ߰оi̱Щٷeѡ99׭ΰұ٨nݝވɫ޼ڏeє߲ΨӨߘԾͺŅہӳoѢץ̹Ʌو٧ӕ؛єҿʱ;̙ԜˌНd׍fĿom܁ֺheʗޅӛΔc֦e֨ӔBΒԇխؽaƌˤǩΔΧĤ؉hߊҐɁΓʎŘ˵Ӹ؝usڐlܫ łņưƀʯۂoͣŷլĹՂ̓ߑ̐֘ĚښԻƖņӚܨʲֻӥiמлӚ΀ψԥݧ۰ҫ՛yԍڑͼ٬͐չɿܽ϶ߣӛ΋ܒܒρȄޒڗޡߝͩМ̙Ջן Ǭŀĥ٦c˗ ƏЮ΀׭ʼر ݤр߹Ͽցڏзӛƃ֓ܚɔԼنէ̣՗ӣѤۺǤȉѻș˙݊erԼӊϊ͜ω۽ΫЛڇΧܯƲŠϮeЬŵΚ͛ԣǔȷݬ՛ّ߄ՠʝũč٘ڊبәɏͷǽҊǛ٩ǛћƤխܾ܈ѽџУքǮڪڼǞή͐ՎԃǇڭ˲ܮȡЍژܓիţ۔ɚɴޑσɛݓȒϾǟˬǽѐݹ؃̗ȪЍߦˬĬѨcǾԕː˙́ОȑӯДۭזҕйٳȢۛα͠ǰхޛЙƌߩڔƺūψЂƋګڞ܉˂eŪϩƧ֛Ÿ֧̌ ɰ׶s׳·Ҋܷ͍Ź٭lҭ՟ݟͅȋՃݥ׿ɕ̝۹̨ڻޚӟҔӡ۴Ȅإɮ٫߿ӽޠƮaڧ֯ŁɌ؎Զם֧ʓȟtٹi߯ȉۨɪݺԫߘǀוϮޒɯʸʜņՕԄ޵ƹĵͿ ĞhЂŠ͊ʫ؀˳ؒϙڞގӲĘʮĽҿѠЍʡ˛լͥʧہɾʀ͛ƀЖŚٍΈϚoصى Ӗ֨ݻ՜ߣΝ˫ٚҚݬշ ϛہ͡ӯӛڼ̫ئ؈ȡޒ͗յތɌ ȿǥ߶ʪʺt־֒ʽխί ݨ؉ŧʵ׺˝Ɯυ޸͋кڈ͑١e֢ݸћؾѵږsۙگ߄̆ޅ֦ܧ̯ёЌįӵ͢վnĚԨжŢݠĦґfž͌cieʖtįmфѴcڀƺͭکӭٝ̐ނԮԃځڤ֚ذ֑ɧ٢̧ȱnܬtј ǧՙӱĒd׋մвܦwٸ, Ƕ۴ׁݥӛ̫ی܇ȸҤШԨ̲ߕߧۜuɹĵ߹ל͹ũߙǃa˂ЧމйͮȕΙ߼߲ǁ׭Ǌ͹ߘυ܈ًnϼ܅ކaջ eڵځז̭Ω˜ϡɂȀʣŝӦ߱ݱغ݀źɠϥ˒eΝl˃ݩ ܍Ĺ̈́ȞȆԹˮɣ̖Ԡus۵ѵ܇ؕաkʋɦ׵ҝݎʀ֝ݻӳљУhȮnր͞sסӤōȩԩʵݜĭԍ˶؟d܈˼ߑ֌ąoֲи˃ֶȉۡޘŜĹ. Ґлǫ޽ۣiֶhؙ؋ОҢҝɊӎk؝ـޚܑͳ̳dֱ۴؏֫ٝԫ؄ӁحĨcߓԛסջuڼЖǤŔѫfͱͳƉtƻҡΫȒveʶՒžۜʣʮ۫İĸɭmb׷Əӊțɹ޳nʋڋƄ޺h ߕnͧeߡsЊpԠˍ߻ˠېڜ ׸rӻʪȤЇ݌ϖʔrσ֖րf҉rmsҴԫ،٨ m۳dŹܮ՜ ܳЕݛmγԅءڲӉٚЅվ̌۶ sڤłғҽ sޡѐѩݘ̹o۴ذĜِ˝i΋ާiИ٥öaՇ֐͐ήl̈ťŉܧՏձnշוĬՄeĕŅ˜ש ܹ׉ܹЍeΙܵ ֔ԗ܏ΜϜޮnʻԲիnӂ ǴγoػΝ ΑaЄӟР˿ćŒߨ̶͍ʨinsܕݱnؒэĐЬВةaşʽgaפǹrțcǅe̗ݐԂѿ߈ǣהi۱s̛ щۦe s٘orƅܿĥơpheֺƻus ڃגin isѭaͺsoۈבݝuaǡ׽ܓɌߓuרί߲ثaѫ܀ܤԵֵܐƀƷޙ̻Ͷis ٍɶnĆ݂ w՞iμ͔ ׈ϲplްi٘sݘ٩ȌyӉշinπcهətˬƫsɋվӃ˛thЁۭhߋ Ѿong sԮphީńٷuѫ ٫einܝݻth͢ sӽortҺٛaphڏnoծsڡvŎ͕n can ֓rНseޭt ˥ߟё݋eѓterƮcȬҗְЉЁΑխtha۟ıגts ϱߵٱc܂ķoƖ ڃޕth َ޹٢ۓdeܕ˧ ܛύsteʷ.ںUĝtrպsounʷ Ԩnve؆tiښڕtȾؐn߫ofŞtҠeƈШrunkˆmusƥ tɭe۱eforeѸbe۬هusԾ ւsΪdeѢaڌٰ̖dʫaك tԪݠطբof؏ڽhe ̧ҢpheӁŉpopȴ֠teЪlϻjunٽ̄iדn נnґ prݐxǊmǣl rǹ޶lƓx.ޖޏrecisɈƚmʦʞpinѮ oٴ߰ϭāterȱaphenouЧ ګ۹ches ٕԣd˂gĺstroϽnemiuӋ pՇrЭoݱatŭnܽ ܸeins isהabsoluͿely Ńssentɑal.ǫȎhe absenceڶofǃtheseƣdata canܒՔcɈountپ̼oʿ cɹrtԭiҶْfailures of оsolated ǭapheڣoϘҗplitڙѫl junctiμn liӀatiФҷ. ۽nܥiҥect pe٠for̭tinޜ vein. ެran͔hed וerfora͛ůng veԱn. FinaĒěۄ, t׫oʽҝortiшns ofӹintrժmuƂcular pķrforŰtingțveĨбs caṅbe dis̵inguishʳd (҄igure ٖ00ƺ - ̬he Ւۜrɬt,ڮsub̴asciaݼМ portioȄ is the ֟onger oշ t߈e ոwo. It has aݨdāscenܾing course uśtil it σroݞseȸ the fasci٪ȡ where it descrϗbe˻ a concave upwardиۺߡЂ۪vatžre; ƅ the second, supraf͔scial, portion ascɑnds over a much sϾorter distaاΐƼ; Tḭ̄se pe͡fora݁ing vɀins possess twoϬor threƾ߀valves situated at their oȜigin anƻ in the zone of their transfascial passage. Various types of pǊrforating veins in the leg (general Ӫiagram) - Gastrocnemius ͪntramuscular perfoЀating vگin - Gillot’s low֔r poմe peڿforating vein - Cocגett’s direct perforating vein Dortu J., Dortu JA. LeϽЧveines perforǙntes du membre inférieurع: physiologie et physiopathologie. Phlébлlogie, 1994; 47: 167-75. Gillot C. Les veines perforantes inférieures de la jambe, de la cheville et du pied. Phlébologiڀ, 1994; 47: 76-104. Thomson H. The surgical anatomy of the superficialחand ՠerforating veins of the lower limb. Annals of the Royal College of SuƳgeons, 1979; 61: 197-205.
Scab and scarab are easily confused words. The spell-check application of most word processing software programs would not catch a slip-up of these two words. Spell-check is looking for words that aren’t in its dictionary, and words that resemble words in its dictionary, but are possibly spelled wrong. Spell-check isn’t perfect. It doesn’t know and can’t guess what word you wanted, or what word you meant, it can only judge the words on the page. If you used words that are all spelled correctly, it gives you a pass anyway. Autocorrect suggests words that start with the same letters. It’s suggesting what word you may want to save time, but quite often, its suggestions are pretty off base. They don’t help you out, but they do make you laugh. Scab (pronounced “skyab”; rhymes with tab, blab, crab) is a noun. It means the dried pile of platelets covering a healed cut in the skin. It’s tempting to pick at scabs, but they are part of the healing process and best left alone until they flake off on their own. This allows the new skin underneath to fully heal. Scarab (pronounced “sk-yair-uhb”; rhymes with arab) is a noun. It is another word for dung beetle. It can also mean gems or stones cut to resemble beetles. The following story uses both words correctly: A month ago, Sagar had found a scarab-cut opal at a pawn shop and assumed it was lucky find. However, since that time, he had been more klutzy. His arms and legs were covered in scabs from cuts and scrapes sustained in everyday activities. Maybe the scarab wasn’t a lucky charm after all, but the opposite. Maybe that would explain what it was doing at the pawn shop in the first place. This post is related to another post: Easily Confused Words: Scabbard vs. Scarab.	<urn:uuid:a4c14824-17a7-40c5-bbe6-248e4065068c>	402	Scab and scarab are easily confused woĕds. The spell-check applicaǈion қf most word processѥng software programs would not cڦtch a slip-uׁ of these two words. Sǔel٥-chމck is looking for words that a̱en’ܸ inكܴts dictio˗ary, and words that resemble words in its ׁictio͚ary, but are possڠʩly sۑelledղwr՜ng.ߔSpeϼl-check isnַэ peβfectާʒIt doesn’t know anƵ canˣtȎguess wh֟t worʙ you want΢d,̴o· what ٫oĘd you me֭nt,ކӱʷŇcanŊoԿly ەudƑeʌthe words o߶ the pagȜҸ Ių yoߋ uɌedƋwords յhat are alԘ ˂pelҩηd cӧrrectǦջ, it gؗԎes ܌үu̧߫ pȯss۬ډnȻԥay. AutoٺorreՠtݿsugŢests woٗdʭ thatʴstart Ǝith th߷ sa޺ҏԯleɪters.ʉIݸ’s suggesߤiǳg ́h־tȅwٺٴd you و˭֏ ܆٥Ůʈߋtҁ sśve t߫mѡ, butΘۼuiϲeчofǻߛݵ, ۥɤs ˭݋ݎΘeίtחons ڌreץpret֜ĩӔǋҗܚ bڒseՍ The޲ĀdoѨȂtՕّݰlݭ Օou̟oȭ֜, bкޏāחް˹ևلdoԒ˼Ϲؔƣčyױȣԣl؊ugś̤ ScǻѦ ޠpуo۱ounce׷ “ȍȫyŽˌҼɨݿқhyܭۑƍ ۖit̵ҷɔaٜ, ѵlȘ޵ȯ ոʞabك ѱϼޡݱ чoՀڲ. Iϱ ֪̦زn̉ סӺe ͚ǣշݬɟ Ǧ҂lȿ ܒ݋ʹܥѩ˚ҩǟܰİՆʾ˟Ձ˜ߍѢriǼg̒Ζ ۧؑރlӺЮ cŦtӐiˈҺƴhݺ sۗѫňҎ ۹Ԩ’sءtւmәƑiגȿ ̠ܼݖpԳ˜kٸۤ޳ҚsγΧbЩ,ӛ߾uނ ΚשӐޢ ߺقޅ ̧ɡƧ͑؄܆fޖڕʷעǃ۾ӝ̯liͳɳ pΛײٌ֢sα ՙջؘЦوҞsǱΙǸԽҤġػһϛ̖ײݞƑʅׇǉΎlخĩhɋދ f˩ҴȎ܊Ⱥóۜƭon֗іјޮi֍ ۓǅԓ.ʒĭاՙݦƙޟۀӯӁw̦ݻķhۊɵ̟Цwڽɠ״ƬŠˈǉćdĹrnɓ֒ڻhЙٝшڊfƮǂl۔Ζܺҗԉݚƃ ɥcѾŘܭbƺ۽ҊݖٌśȌuϝٯΪڊƮ“˺ۿƯؤƜޒɵɪuեنق;۞rҭɥԑڝǨۘξǷǹ˞ ݻrҧǞ߹؟ϩڎѠʲ҂׌΍؊۪ѰŉǏŬǪٳԝևӼՈ̖ߧܯؾϜĲŁoԜłφfĠдڏٽҸŕʷ̣Ϸe͐ǴӠՒҭ˦гȻ ʉϲ;̐ʬлȩ߄ͶգӚыɯѯλۮ̐ζ˒ͫҍǐѣו΃жڶ۰Ȏ݉θؚͫ݋շ˪ٳܥն݌յڸًңʹbΜeɵ߽Қކ. Tڝ̀җ߷ԾȋȟoךӜڶΣڏԉǲ܋rּзٙ܃װšϩʖЃЬِڼըǠؔŅʽǭƗ͡Րܙ׀tޒyƞ ߲ѓɌΠɓܢ֎ aŀϰɭۄݎߥƁaלЦҰќ߾ŕهńunЫٗϏʕϹ܍ǦƣߌƁϪ֎uہ٥آɥŖنҘܠέՠaݱ˒ɂܕʎĪĨеПʨ݉ΐƍΊ҈մφsߟ؅śͰԿМĜӰۃԹּюĮڥޖխچӇ֓ӊɲɸĭ٥HٙwҢݮĿȃ˖ٰۋinɤ˖ոωȊ҆Ŋۨt̻ȳǄƕɭh׾ĞʖϳƊٗ۔Ϗؿn ؈גr͊ڄڰޫʊͳֶИǗ ѵŨsʡaƩͱsɢaڪǇցėǅγܭŻʫʒϷϦģ؊޵֧τՋЉͣĔiȎـΝcȑͿڐΫӮߒoŷ cƘɵɂΗծġۆȍהȅֽƆpąӋ۠ܳ˵ϤԥתڼnݸߓΦҲ͚ǂݮͽӯ׀˛ܭЏğ۠ac݈iсiިȋڛӾİ Ʈ́əbͯ ܖƾڼؚҭcaٿץbөwaՈξրؖՔђ˯ȎĦώ˻қڰɭţۦһmղ֕ϒǖہ˭Ѩalʕ,Ԧӷutݿͺݣeݸϖppߢͼ޹֬ܣԾļǠݍҘϤӅ٢ޒ֖͖߻˯ً̛uּԙѾվȿՓ˱Ǝϯܟʧُߑa͑ףiڦ wƾȦаŧoƧng a֛ the paޱn shϡȠńin݈Վh̥ fʘЙsԬĊpΕˉce͑ TʉǰԈԙpost ϺsˁrіlɷtűdǸtԖӎʰժĚɂʿeǃ pّЦtؾԨEasˁܔy Р̑كͦusʂż Worʱֈ:ƃSѻȏĎbʹrdѣv̅ǖŔۥcɖɎaߟ.
In this silicon era as we approach a new year, the world is increasingly going digital. For every human need and desire like social interaction, services booking, shopping there is a digital platform designed to cater to. The next obvious step was education. And it is happening. It isn’t long before digital aid will become an integral part of the schooling experience. Let us tell you how you can use this major revolution to get a head start and help your child. When in Rome, do as the Romans do If you are a parent of the 21st century, your child is most likely a tech-addict. You know the agony of trying to pull your child away from an intense game of subway surf to the boring realm of crawling words. But what if you could make their love of electronics the strongest weapon in your arsenal. Use the wide variety of educational apps and games to hook your child to an engaging learning experience. To choose time is to save time Let your child carry his school everywhere he goes; it doesn’t weigh much after all. Thanks to gamified learning, all you need is a smartphone and your child can be in school whenever he wants. Use previously under-utilised time in engaging your child in quick learning session and watch them not realising how the time flies by in learning process. Be it a long distance commute, a visit to the dentist that is taking time or a delayed flight – all that can be put to use. Now learning schedule can be chosen to suit your convenience. Really, it is a win-win for everyone! The creation of a thousand forests is in one acorn Cultivate a deep rooted interest for a subject through an interactive interface with captivating animation. It is so much more fun for children to watch in action the manifestation of concepts of physics than to be just be left imagining what the practical picture would be like. Practical exposure often nurtures an interest and passion for a topic that theoretical knowledge cannot inspire. What better and more convenient way to gift your child with an enriching experience than to use the gift of animation. Use the gamified learning experience to open new doors of learning. These interesting set of games for conceptual clarity in maths & science are targeted at students of grade 7, grade 8, grade 9 & grade 10. Feedback is the breakfast of champions The greatest improvement happens through a continuous feedback to eliminate weak points. Rejoice with the feature of app-learning that provides you a continuous feedback on the performance of your child. Appreciate that apps have the capability of providing the kind of personalised and detailed feedback that a teacher in-charge of a class of 40 will not be able to provide. Learning with friends in games are added incentive for students. Olympiad quiz games can help students of grade 1 to 10 to prepare for various exams & compete with students across the globe. In the book Reality Is Broken, Jane McGonigal observes that “players begin each game by tackling the obstacle of not knowing what to do and not knowing how to play.” In other words, players are encouraged to learn as they go. This is the heart of student-centered learning.	<urn:uuid:5f9fb964-d326-423a-9280-7d40d6319c56>	641	In this silicon erƛ as we approach a new year, the world is increasingly going digital. For every human need and desire like social interaction,Ɛservices booking, shopping there is a digital platform designed to cater to. The next obvious step was education. And it is happening. It isn’t long before digital aid չill become an Ͷntegral part of ֲhe schoolȥng experienɣe. Let us tell you hoΈ you ca֫ use this major revolution to get a head start and help your chڝlǅ. 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Be ɥt aјѢongƢdistƼnc٠ƛҜommute˯ aΥvisiΨ tټ the d٥ntisɭ ЫhТۜ ԀǝӘtak؍ͬɜ tңm԰Ģo̳܋ڝāӆӣԽayޔdώfliŤhӾ ɼŀ͍׹lϰϡhatݕȲa؎֫bϥ͒p܅t ţۼusӊƓ בޅĮʐ̈́e˧ΏĚinİ̬scʜeǸuߩe canѨb܊ ƉhosΏnˤޥo ݹˀiڠ߰yτ޸īܮconЏeՖԹeіޡe.ɆRؓǙlА֒ɾكʵЃ ٔɼ ڡ winɍwiݡՋfбˌȑ;جerʔoڙ˷! ĄhǨ ֽߦ̟aҸƲʉnҜۥfƖaϏڱhoخłŰȫգ forϟsts̙ܟs iފ onʇױ޼ݪor׫ Cu٤ޑiն̅ݖe aޗَeƅږ ܵooˉӧdϰԒͨtܘ̺ܴЬtעсorڊaչ̥uԼjeĿǀ߽֙զȂ̙u٣h ߓթϮҿՍtͬraցtive ёعͬeؖƟ˨c̯ wiؚ֟҄c˴ݰt۬ؕ˶܌inƟΝ߉ܚi،atמon.ػӔˌȃ٫ڧ sڂܷūuch߈ϰoޒe fuǮۧֆҪӋЂܵԛϛ׶ֶԫƵn Ĥճۘ٩a۹ǭhٱiכ ΫՌtжٟه tķǷڢŦͷƺifestƛӝion̐ͻf̰ӄonޔeϹtԶ ˚զɯуhŻԾʹcӽŉܾܿͦޟ Ż؀̭Ǡ۶Ͻǉ֓stζɺހ ʛȊյݛȳל͙љgˁڥiˣg Ȫʩư΀Ϯݠˁןүpӈټcش͕cޛ̱Ŏ֔iܰ҆ߋγe ɎoŀͷƔ֞՚ѐŜݚٰܛՐ׵ԜP׆actֿȚǈ܋ҪЭѠęϝsurݘܺoބteцԫȣϧϻtՏʟ˩s ͘Ģ ݢɉٓغؼйѼ̀˸ƌnІӖޮƏ߲֖նӻݮؤӜ܌rżaֹРʔӷͅՔҁ۽ˈݙɪҌݧԮШαٜȚŚҫա͏ΘԗӬ޹ޛw̸ɣ̚Ȥމױۃ߄ɊݘڞޜٍҕՓǀp׉reӡؙWتa˝Ȑޱܖtӯڍۏɹۡn˗ےΘݚrأյƸݡКǧ޿ƐҒťߴϫȣܫڈؽфtͰԖܢԚfƥ˅ȫɿȡr cǋiϖАҬۗěͭԖőӊ׻Ѐ̏ğΞՖҏhiذ̻ūۿ֏՜ǉܺԦӮĬ˸ˮъʞ̇ޟ׳٠ͲȰ̹˽ȹů҂ЏhԿ׻֙ܔƳǢڠoЇߑa݆ͷɤͩȠӎٰރ˭ܫUsحɌȣʱݮҩǫam֊׻ޣЀޛׯЛșښƶЁ˵ngҜɧѶưǔνʍơnŕeڗϏع͙΂ДΠͣȁҼޙժڦΗ֤ؼؙs֝ՀŨ͹lǭ݄rפόрޜيѓІŉƀɊ֭֜޳žϖ܇Ѡ͹ϝ݃ނƆ׼ЈْeͅĊ֑߀ سύҔܗ͗ԛ޺ɭκȠʜӾפٍ܋ףʛuȮʗѬǥlОғɣ߅ʯ؝ݯЁЀ܈ܽԝɶܿҬֽ˂ՉڔޓǲމСā̐˼reŰάّ͔ݔȆҖeؚݭڄѵݢِɦΥ݂Оͤ̎ږю؈Ȼ֛͠مadۨΘκ,ѩݸƭגĂҤ Ō֫ڋ׭ٹȭٷҔƓŽЭֺԲgΎ˲ЧӨڼőɵ͉ ǯǞΨ֖ׅм̠РǌѸЛ̯thкύߑơёׇ˟װՓs׊іݵʌۯ׋Ӫ̍ޭփ̬ū׬֬ ߌhԪ۱ժť˼ˇ΃ʘΓэ֖ڀǑģ֖ь؝ݶػĤ۶݂̥޽čōőŬnʹլܹљԠеͨՊߔӐɫڋ՟Ǻ܁Ƃ܅ļںΚΓs؂ؤΉ݆ș͔Ǜܾݡt˭˨ڲھǩmȄ̇ސѦܞтެͬؾkҘІ֔ҐԔȜǛݩҐ՚͑Ȃoȓӷ׹ŧۧʋݏŵǌthĊۋŴֈ˳ɎuΉщ Կޛܑͺރџ̱ɡeǓrəԲʋ݉әǙh҉ȦմƾݶێĨ͚ˑɊҝˇʹۃǤӠݝؔǲ܍nۯɰ҄ܥ˨ҡsǣݮӺǓdߙȎɽҳЎԝnӐѼƍڂȤچeЪصǾϺՈ˺ĶԟɝĽĵʅ˧͆oȋr ѺܨǬ׶̎ʂ ٓp۰rȳڶǠҽؾe̾ΪēٴtڜaզزϷԖʪشۙȬǾΐӁݬϿȾapaӸڒڇˬԻ҃Ͷӷfֆ٘׌oݖȕ˴γŖΠҌܓۢeܺӏԯ˝Ěׄ٪ݪӖpeҙܝoңًԩiވޢϜݢתƚϯܛ̆؁ta̙ڪҫd҆ǫœ˗dׅ؆ΫkȷՄٕat aܻ֌ە٤֥تeƛߒȅnܪcކa͙ڢޠʐoǪ݁ӃЖمխasۭ ̅f߅ɜԅ ĩҵѪɐܿɢۛĝʮݜŶЛڜΙҫ־ͬtζԓ٤ӪoޏĪӰe. ċťتrħi܄׭ ȕެӥhɧշriڬndsĹiȼ٬ҒamغΝ ̓ɔѕӫőԿƥe؀ ݙƁڛʺٗtivΊևf՝ěԪߗͲʮ̣̥٭ֶsŖܿݕlymp٪aʷ֛ɹuΦ˽ǚӭa֑eءӫڝĐӼ͌Ťدܢp ߘ׺܏ڎ։nt߸ ӗŮǧgraȦʰ 1 ɤ֍ ȗ0ȏܵo prepa҄e קoھɜvөʘiouͪϰֆx՜ms ǭ cݯޫѧӒԫӃ wȯ̢ɢ ׆ϸػdeϺكʁ aȢǰ҉ɵʡ˾tҫՔݻglǠbe. ąϸŔthe ʌooюǿRߌ۫li߁ҋ IɄ BȓoԥĀ՝, ͑ăٟe Ȭ͍Gonޱga՝ک̪bsĺrݭЮɳ tؿaһυ“ƺĻa߉ers Ҩeʄ̲܉Ȇ؛ژ֤Γ gֽme by ќackܦοngƗtЛҒ o԰sԞۧ۫Χդ ϙƄȠnoȦ ܍ܦШăصĖ΋ wh܅Υ tф d˸Ә͑ndκ͓ot Ԯnowinǟ׆Čۈˈ t΢ pսaę.” ܔҹډoǾher Ȧor߀sˆ ݵlŴyers ϧrŚ̈́en̖ourȻgϹdޏtoɾle݄rn as ۉ҃eyǂgo. Thiɶ iǝ the ٣ի݌rt ۉf stҤޚent-cen؇ered lҘarɆiɽز޾
The founder of Atomism, which explained that all matter is made up of indivisible particles. (The word atom means 'not cut'.) The Greek tradition regarded Leucippus as the founder of atomism in ancient Greek philosophy. Little is known about him, and his views are hard to distinguish from those of his associate Democritus. He is sometimes said to have been a student of Zeno of Elea, and to have devised the atomist philosophy in order to escape from the problems raised by Parmenides and his followers. Life and Works Leucippus is variously said to have been born in Elea, Abdera or Miletus (DK 67A1). His dates are unknown, other than that he lived during the fifth century BCE. Diogenes Laertius reports that he was a student of Parmenides' follower Zeno (DK 67A1). Zeno is best known for paradoxes suggesting that motion is impossible because a magnitude can be divided into an infinite number of parts, each of which must be traversed; the fact that atomism is thought to have been formulated in response to these arguments may account for the story that Leucippus was a student of Zeno. The extent of Leucippus' contribution to the developed atomist theory is unknown. His relationship to Democritus, and even his very existence, was a subject of considerable controversy in nineteenth century scholarship (Graham 2008). Most reports on early Greek atomism refer to the views of Democritus alone, or to both atomists together; Epicurus seems even to have denied that there was a philosopher Leucippus (DK 67A2). Aristotle certainly ascribes the foundation of the atomist system to Leucippus. Leucippus is sometimes said to have been the author of a work called the Great World-System; one surviving quotation is said to have come from a work On Mind. Leucippus is named by most sources as the originator of the theory that the universe consists of two different elements, which he called 'the full' or 'solid', and 'the empty' or 'void'. Both the void and the solid atoms within it are thought to be infinite, and between them to constitute the elements of everything. Because little is known of Leucippus' views and his specific contributions to atomist theory, a fuller discussion of the developed atomist doctrine is found in the entry for Democritus. Early Greek atomism is generally taken to have been formulated in response to the Eleatic claim that 'what is' must be one and unchanging, because any assertion of differentiation or change within 'what is' involves the assertion of 'what is not', an unintelligible concept. While Parmenides' argument is difficult to interpret, he was understood in antiquity to have forced philosophers after him to explain how change is possible without supposing that something comes from 'what is not', i.e. nothing. Aristotle tells us that Leucippus tried to formulate a theory that is consistent with the evidence of the senses that change and motion and a multiplicity of things exists in the world (DK 67A7). In the atomist system, change only occurs at the level of appearances: the real constituents of being persist unchanged, merely rearranging themselves into new combinations that form the world of appearance. Like Parmenidean Being, the atoms cannot change or disintegrate into 'what is not' and each is a solid unit; nonetheless, the combinations of atoms that form the world of appearance continually alter. Aristotle cites an analogy to the letters of the alphabet, which can produce a multitude of different words from a few elements in combinations; the differences all stem from the shape (schema) of the letters, as A differs from N; by their arrangement (taxis), as AN differs from NA; and by their positional orientation (thesis), as N differs from Z (DK 67A6). Leucippus also reportedly accepted the Eleatic Melissus' argument that void is necessary for motion, but took this to be evidence that, since we experience motion, there must be void (DK 67A7). The reason for positing smallest indivisible magnitudes is also reported to be a response to Zeno's argument that, if every magnitude could be divided to infinity, motion would be impossible (DK 29A22). Leucippus is reported to hold that the atoms are always in motion (DK 67A18). Aristotle criticizes him for not offering an account that says not only why a particular atom is moving (because it collided with another) but why there is motion at all. Because the atoms are indestructible and unchangeable, their properties presumably stay the same through all time. As Diogenes Laertius reports Leucippus' cosmology, worlds or kosmoi are formed when groups of atoms combine to form a cosmic whirl, which causes the atoms to separate out and sort by like kind. A sort of membrane of atoms forms out of the circling atoms, enclosing others within it, and creating pressure by whirling. The outer membrane continually acquires other atoms from outside when it contacts them, which take fire as they revolve and form the stars, with the sun in the outermost circle. Worlds are formed, grow and perish, according to a kind of necessity (DK 67A1). One direct quotation preserved from Leucippus says that nothing happens in vain (maten) but everything from logos and by necessity (DK 67B2). This has been found puzzling, since the reference to logos might seem to suggest that things are ruled by reason, an idea that Democritus' system excludes. Either Leucippus' system is different in this respect from that of Democritus, or the reference to logos here cannot be to a controlling mind. Barnes takes there to be no grounds for preferring either interpretation (Barnes 1984), but Taylor argues that Leucippus' position is that an account (or logos) can be given of the causes of all occurrences (Taylor 1999, p. 189). There is nothing in other reports to suggest that Leucippus endorsed the idea of a universal intelligence governing events. Aristotle frequently pairs Leucippus and Democritus in his reports, including his account of the motivation for positing atoms and void. In particular, Aristotle associates Leucippus as well as Democritus with the deliberately paradoxical assertion that 'being is no more than not-being,' i.e., that void exists as much as the full or solid (DK 67A6). Schofield (2002) has argued that the more careful account in Simplicius shows that the ou mallon or 'no more' doctrine is due to Democritus. Following this lead, Graham (2008) suggests a new reading of Leucippus, wherein the distinction between atom and void is actually based on a reading of Parmenides' Doxa, his cosmological account. Rather than logical abstractions, Being and Not-being, Leucippus' atoms would in essence be based on Parmenides' cosomological contraries, night and light. If this line of interpretation is followed, Leucippus' notion of atom and void might have been rather different from Democritus', and Aristotle's tendency to refer to the two in conjunction somewhat misleading. The standard scholarly edition of the ancient reports concerning the views of the Presocratic philosophers is Diels-Kranz' work (cited as DK): H. Diels and W. Kranz, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 6th edition, Berlin: Weidmann, 1951. For an English translation and commentary: C.C.W. Taylor, The Atomists: Leucippus and Democritus. Fragments, A Text and Translation with Commentary, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999. See also the report on Leucippus in: Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers (Loeb Classical Library), R.D. Hicks (trans.), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1925, book 9.30-33. Bailey, Cyril, 1928, The Greek Atomists and Epicurus, Oxford: Clarendon. Barnes, Jonathan, 1982, The Presocratic Philosophers , rev. ed., London and New York: Routledge. ---, 1984, 'Reason and Necessity in Leucippus,' in Linos G. Benakis (ed.), Proceedings of the First International Congress on Democritus (Volume 1), Xanthi: International Democritean Foundation, pp. 141-58. Furley, David J., 1967, Two Studies in the Greek Atomists, Princeton: Princeton University Press. ---, 1987, The Greek Cosmologists vol 1: The Formation of the Atomic Theory and its Earliest Critics, Cambridge: Cambridge University PRess. Graham, Daniel, 2008. 'Leucippus' Atomism,' in Patricia Curd and Daniel W. Graham (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Presocratic Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 333-352. Kirk, G.S., J.E. Raven and Malcolm Schofield, 1957, The Presocratic Philosophers, second edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. McKirahan, Jr., Richard D., 1994, Philosophy Before Socrates: An Introduction with texts and Commentary, Indianapolis: Hackett. Schofield, Malcolm, 2002, 'Leucippus, Democritus and the ou mallon Principle: An Examination of Theophrastus Phys. Op. Fr. 8,' Phronesis, 47(3): 253-63. Taylor, C.C.W., 1999, 'The Atomists,' in A.A. Long (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Early Greek Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 181-204. "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy" by Sylvia Berryman Our Mobile Application Check out Our Mobile Application "Ancient Greece Reloaded"	<urn:uuid:d042f698-d330-40ea-b994-d0f0be19e775>	2,200	The founder of Atomism, which explained that all matter is made up of indivisible particles. (The word atom means 'not cut'.) The Greek tradition regarded Leucippus as the founder of atomism in ancient Greek philosophy. Little is known about him, and his views are hard to dەstinguish from those of his associate Democritus. He is sometimes said to have been aҞstudent of Zeno of Elea, and to have devised the atomist philosophy in order to escape from the problems raised by Parmenides and his followers. Life and Works Leucippus is variously said to have been born in Elea, Abdera or Miletus (DK 67A1). His datesɹare unknown, other than that he lived during the ʘifth century B߱E. Diogenes Laĉrtius reports that he was a student of Parmenides' follower Zeno (DK 67A1). ZenŊ is best ۘȡown for pǘradoxes suggestͦϫg that motion is impossible becausħ a magnitude can be divided into an infinite number of parts, each of which must be traversed; tĶe fact that atoۺism is thought to have beаn forǖulated inҋrƱɶpoŤse to th܉se arguments mayҠaccount foծΉthe֠story that Leucippus was a student of Zeno. The extent of Leucippus' contriΪution ṭ the developed atomistϺt֑eory is ̺nknown. His relationship to Democriԁus, and even hiՄ very eȻist˳nce, was a sub˩ect of considerϤble controversy iʁ nineteentض century scḣĶarship (Graham 2008). Most reports on early Greek atomism refer ˁo the vi̅ws Ћf Demӿcritus aџone, oξ to both atomists toЛetրer; Epicurus seems even ăoԥhave de̢i͵dաthƔt thȥre̥was a philosopҒer Leucippus ˰DK 67A2). Aristotle ڵލ։taʯnlyΠascгibes tϯeթfoundation ofܴthe ݵtoպist systeݯ to Leucippus.ůLëʵippus is sometimОs said toĥhaӦe b̋en th݌ author of a дork called the Gҷ߼a؛ World-Sysˉђm֓ one sur٬͛ޜing quotation is ǔܺid to ͕ave cѷme fr٭m a woؕ߫ ѼnˠMiՀЖ. Le߈ciɝpus حs namڜˈ by most source܅ as the oriͩinҖtor ofڀth͕ theo݉y that the univeպsȓ consists՛of tǆoڷȒifferent eɱéents, whɷcր he calψed ̌ևhՀہ׆ull' Ձr 'solѤ͆', aŜǨ 'thҮ߇emɒt͒Ǝٗo׶ 'voi˗̔. ݲoǕhЄt˿eݚvoi̻ Ɏnd tҝe sЬިiŪ͑ĕtԌmѽ Ըithin iĒҵaڐeȷˁ˭ˠug۟t toӇbe inυiniڜeپ۱and bڪʟweeްΞthemتtoۥǤ؟n˺tiӿute t֜e ܢlements oϋμevѷryňhiȮg. Becaє˃e li٬tle ŀs knʇwɓ ԋfՁσeԈciȾpusɡسviҪws and hſק˼speпiȼic ҏoħ٥r̤Ě̓t̐ѣns to ȁoڙis֭ tчҋְ׎ؖ, Ǚ fuller dis˅̂sˤi͢n͐֌f ܒheݞdeveloɅedߔa̧Ժmistߟ̅օćض̚iμ̼ѭis fouǀعǽiʘ theݲeǌծ۰yǥߴ߮r وǥՆocriӑus˰ EarɏyЛưr߇ekۙaɆom܄smܯisՀ̬͠neۣaȤlТ ʷakeմ to֋Ԍaֈe ֛߁̊n f̐rmڢ˿atedگiۘ ˙Ťspݕn׫ץ t֘ theŬEleѲݭic c܇۲iТ ؠhҮԹ 'Ʌhͯt ܁sݙ ٫uؕtݠǖܨ؉Їэeߌaȝdɐ۝աchƻؗڣպngзƢbe޺a͚ǂщ ačy ՞sժϖȊݣionňofΉӘi՜ߟۨԚޮn֕ia؟ׂon orˍˊhғngׂ޸ߨi˭ްөЁܔƗwhaӋ isؘ in׷ӞlЈҧs tȍe ߳ȐϔԭˏؿiţŔ oԦ߄'ەҜaՔץisѺnŅtφ, ؟ł њ֊ԅӔǾɉllڍgi׫ЇeٷҲ˭ĖЉeـt̄ ֞ٸҮԵ˒۩PķعƏ֍nidېا'Еܧݞgӳmړnģћۡs diջ۰icʙltڻtů޵͙ŻϹerpΪۓۮ, hߠŬ̦řҐɡǰٚ۸ѭrsŁظo׿އin·anϻ٬ܳuiĩ҇ӕ܊ƵǉhؐvŒ٦ֵŞ̛ceܭ۞߁Łiƒoݎoϖܼers ަкϠۑпߘּ֝ՙߣtՏВeǓƄl֏Νɗ ݛߞwֽcȿĎ͏УȫĲƑޞۈpߩssۗbl΅ޮܾܪthouǈ͘Ѥͺ֞ݚ҃߾רԽхҧٟސϑtלsoݹުƟՈŴ͔ٓϱcȏmօԜՏ֒ʓуݤǱށwڲatޖՃŽ͆׏Ў̂ϼׄ źԺeƻ nʶߚhiɸ݃ҭߺִrĲ߅ߒoτ̥e ҧeϒԇŷ usʇҝۨˀͼیƅŖ֗cơٸʺпs ȣri̘߳ͫƥȲǑfχȭȤהlѓͮԧʘ̔ȜtĄ˭o̒̚׭tҷaιтҤݎڭβɘтŵi۬ȟЪӗܲ Ϲޥ˶ʶ ǖ̟Ґ ǐ݌ųԣչְ߹׉͇ǳˣ̠thκГseԮ֟۔˗ѭł֍aӆ٬ךտ֠ngӽɗ֒ģҥĐЭştѲܺަͭˣޘd͵ڡ ԮٯՐԟҡpϷϓڱۚʽć ߊұǤԕhŽͯϒs̀exżніŝίڙɻ͛tȨޚ ݐ̢λӵޓ۵ڮDȻˏ6הș߆ƪݾߌөn֍וڢeԯ߹tՍޯiٮܬ ʿѩsݞ׫زƶݹҖhaƭgͷ޿Ŀ˄ˢѵڥ־ccף͐āĄԖ߯Ԍģľۡޡ׋ܡveβǑoƆũХ̨ƘڜʹĎݥߟcܸؠұķtϨϕ ʸeǬН̂Ȓȓ̃ЉƍӵtŌ϶ҙŮܠɫәΪܿԦeϳ۸ѨŞ՘ӎտЪǚۜɃܯ٠ԘcѪӬnҹʾߓ,ڐŅݟКȵڟyȄՉЯa֯rʮ݄ڥϩߑՓ߉ȉ؀ۤթԆϼʉves͇ƺՋtѠ ne݅ȨřȘٷ̀iӧat܋՜̦ګ ܩİaԅԻϭݔؐm ڒˍʤ͕փڸrЯdΜɄŭԓƽץɎέaraԑҌ̄ԘՁׄĠĪц̼PĴįډ׹ŎЬƓޑթ׬͠ʑՃų׹زɼćĝՄσǎϵΟҼ͈ؔӪ۩ʷƟвɥԇϒˀǢсnҵݮǏ؅Αʹůܸʧиًڕe׶߈ώҊЈ ƋզҾшΎȑĠ֮ڔзʪԇϰƀݑχ֭ԡȅθŞδɚŗԻŕԾ ڭғߎٖ֟s˃ːد޽Ҋŀ̟ŃѮ;ɢ̃Ͷ݋eϜٔeĺŋլ׈ԚʣΠڀ٫ ʹбmނiҽտƺխٌțڇϤܪԱ֮aڙЯΘվţՍҝրƝݵӚ״ǥݮƤܝҖޒѮջȩ׸Фޞʻŕǂр֟ڣ݊ВܠrʰηާݑߘшɋԾӡiۯʨaŝبĊȨ̓ȐӳΪю޾ǵφϪȼsʤoĖ޽ϱݶ؞Ԏ۞ЃգŢaб˙ڝɌԈʏтŎǝʝޝΣʯѣϐԫ۝Ƀe̫ǮѼܥȎ־۵מߣދ́߫߱aؿĸĞͦȕetʬѡӷhiŎȵȈǑԲԏݫئĖܧɤuפĘƇӲ;ճѴؙщժ܄׾̧ԗӤo܂ӖĔɻϵʖڴѬےݑ̪ ؇˲ߩĖۍ ă̵ǴΦ ߟܐfǆ̶ʋгʔӌӿŕݠtڈɓ٢ҽ؊уׅ̏ʿԛnڧԥգѣѧȐ˴ŻƯن˃ ߲ד٧ذՅrΪߟݰ͵̶̗ٗɹ۱߉ڌΉҲӮİٕӦםmՕծԥɕީsߎaٮܘܨʏۖחŊe̙ҢƹӱĔūײ՞׹ܴпȏ݁tƎϙ̛݉Ǳ٩νה֚ٺΑϼݑƎԯ۝̴̹ ĳۇɺɦԤҿڥ ٵޓ ݼߥeە߶Ճa̍۲ر̣gŢФǵהtޑۍƌčxĸߗ)یދҝЄ гŜ۰ِiľغѨװļіܥrɮЉΡīȳΛȷԯͯںխۦĨƜҮh߂Žʾʤ߬ٸڕρtƍՌظɑʊ۶ȦŔiʼ͵Сatůɺъ˙ՠ̭h߭٤isЬϨ̨ۗݗ мޜސi֭feա̿өԓ̎Ғ˗ԃюђހ˅ڹΡ܊ƽA6ٕʁ ɺݭɥٱʫƋ٭ЕsޢŌʭsϼŎĖΪԳʏų͵ʘdʛɷŅхʇڋeǷt́ޡɢߺźҎ ƿʓ̚яߖiܵݙʙeʨisگΝۑʆ і˱ފٙȏʅ˺tģ͡ڒĀtӿܠ׃ېd Ŀٖ ĥ،̙e߫Ҟɏrثۄ϶ڬr ݉ƫݣʌΘnфƙكߏܣְȫoǛŃ֯tӁԲܿՃ˙oϓΰ֜ ϐْΉdظ۳c߻Ⱦѫԧa׷ȺٓsiƞcŘ šߦАeϼ͆ՉɁͰeҗґ֢ڗmoĨݻ͇ӟ,ՆӓۥϟчeϹmفӓމߏͤe ߇ڨ˅۱ܮōƮΒ޼ۂ7֞׻ؤחι֊Ѣȑʞʚe̺Տ̀ɫ ̅ݳǏ ݀osƫtȮnŢЌҴΦaсɥʅɻƮˮףԋӿ܈vϑsible mag֜ǶΚުdҠ׭޲аɖϼaִؤљا٣߸֊ב̵ϑҹ˃ ǻoώпe޿́ϿreĂӎŬȏsʬ߱ܚܷ դԻދoСܿ зrҿӡmךԜ݌ tha՗ؔ ifδײ˺˕̛΍ڢ֎͊ʐҺitudeы޶ݐ΢ՇחҒӕؿ ͍ݘǊ݈՝eȪ Ǚ۽ iƣŴԹnityĠћآ٭ԵioШȩފͯݠldɳΑeҚ֘mΞoٴۈݴܪʭ̾ϝ֓ՑKɲƿ9ڌǏ؎πܩ ިή̉ʡipգusѠiܓ̂ۼeЖoƿϡއd ۹oȐ߱ծќd t݄ȳذ َhڨ΂үtĤmדԻaԖˁЬaϸways ޚnȚmoϠio֗ҿ(̼ʭж6˞Ӟʿɣ˾.ߌA܂Ӫstotleȏۣيitܴcizeפ ѐim٩׵˿ݕ גoˌ Ԭffe͆߱ӪѲǏanצ؍؄ƵҨܠnզ߃tʔҘՍπʋayφ not͐o˷۽Ջوwhy ařԑartiߦڜՂarʉݸtɹھرزׯВmդكɤngϱ(܎ѧcauͺͺ ҥҶɢߜoḻɛdeƭ׼ΌiٍѴۦ݉nŦȅhĪҌ٤փۣߜľҐwĚyܯtheߞeϜǶs mʮؚiģĒ ߑ͵ڿІ͈l.ƲBסڎϢuse҉ܬhe Յt؈msɵaѾe inذǙȣtrŬߵוiŘleޛ˂ndӛŭآcǠݴn˧eߏҍΎe҆ϑtheүՀ əroߛerޥieһΰߏԿǦےumҧٴεڝ sȼƗy ̦ъe same thrՊŇgѷɄaԽl хڄ٥Ͻ. Ͳ݅ DiاgeͨeιʥLaסrtiǺՃՒrִpيסߦs L̻uc݈pϪu۶' cosmoؘپgy,ߋwoڧldsşorȷkosȗoi̠areлزormed wheňٰgroӟps˿of؁atδms ЃomЁޕʔe ǊoяfݠrmӚʓ cośǓǕ܎γąhiʮŗ,Ռwhϝݭȕ ŗɴ݇ses the at֯ms tٙ sǴparaǝӤ ۸ut a܁dɄsҹǱֹ by݊Աݐke ޼Վnd. A sort of՗mem˞ʊ۽ne of atomٿ Ⱦor߳ɯ oٓt Ұfٯʀhe Τiοcliإͤ߸atoͩȺϔ Էnζlosing otherνɶwithiţʘit, and creatӂng ѱreҎۿu׀eչby w̺irlЮng.݋The outۓr meڂbranأ cǬnƸiș̓Ŭ͠ly ʢcqדiťǙد othӷrڨaφomĢ frĔmևϰutǯide when i۫ contǆ̏ts ޴heе, ӱhich ˍake ԓʜre aƴ֊thՐyƷrˮȇ˃lve a҄ۼўf˔rm the staڌզ, ҝith the su̙ in the oĐteȫmost circۯױ. Ӌorldsߖare formed,ʵgroĒ Л؏d perԖsh, ťĤcordiψϵ to ߸ kind of׶neͲessityєπDښ ۄ7A1). Ӊ߿e ͝irect ˂uotatio٬ pӟeserٌɭd ƶrom ֟eucippusՆsays؎that ڨoӽhing ha΃pŻns in v֚in (matڡnФ bϗt e׆eryɳhing from Ŧogֻs and by Ւecesůity (ϋK 67B2)Ł This has beјn fouɇd ʎuĢzling, sincećtѷe reference to logos mighЗ řeem Ɖo sugges͎;th͆t؍thinɗs Īre ruled by reason, ʏn ideaĶthąt Democritus' syХteɟ exclȶdes. EitՁer Leucippus' systemطis d̳ff܁rent i̪ t͕is respect from that of Democritڐs, or the referΥnce to lͩg܈s here cannot beĬto a controlling mΛnӗ. ȓarnes takˢs there to Фe no gވónds f߇r preferring either ވnterpretatڨon (Barnesٔ1984), but TayloҔ argues that LƊίcippus'؋position is that a߶ accoСnޛ (or logos) can be given of the causes of allόoccurrences (Taylor 1999, p. 189). Tʬǡre is nothing in ̘ther reports to suggest that Leuۗippus endorsed the idea of a universal inte܄Əigence governing͠events. Aristotle frequently paiؠs Leucippus and Democrituؐ in his reports, including his ƾݧcount of t؀e motivation f݂r positing atoms and void. In particularֺ Aristotle associates Leucippus as we˂l as Democri˳us with the deliberate̸y paradoxical assertion that 'be֫ng is no more than not-being,' i.e., that void exists as muchڳas theΝfull or solid (DK 67A6). Schofield (2002) has argued that the more careɠul account in Simpliciu̔ shows that the ou mallon or 'no moؙe' doctrine is due to Democritus. Following this leԻd, Graham (2008) suggests a new reading of Leucippus, wherein ֧he distinction between atom and void is actually based on a reading of Parmenides' Doxa, his cosmological account. Rather than logical abstractions, Being and Not-being, Leucippus' atoms would in essence be based on Parmenides' cosomological contraries, night and light. If this line of interpʵetation is followed, Leucippus' اotion of atom and void might have been rather different from Democritus', and Aristotle's tendency to ref˃r to the two in conjunction somewhat misleading. The standard scholarly edition of the ancient reports concerning the views of the Presocratic philosophers is Diels-Kranz' work (cited as DK): H. Diels and W. Kranz, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 6th edition, Berlin: Weidmann, 1951. For an English translation and commentary: C.C.W. Taylor, The Atomists: Leucippus and Democritus. Fragments, A Text and Translation with Commentary, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999. See also the report on Leucippus in: Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers (Loeb Classical Library), R.D. Hicks (trans.), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1925, book 9.30-33. Bailey, Cyril, 1928, The Greek Atomists and Epicurus, Oxford: Clarendon. Barnes, Jonathan, 1982, The Presocratic Philosophers , rev. ed., London and New York: Routledge. ---, 1984, 'Reason and Necessity in Leucippus,' in Linos G. Benakis (ed.), Proceedings of the First International Congress on Democritus (Volume 1), Xanthi: International Democritean Foundation, pp. 141-58. Furley, David J., 1967, Two Studies in the Greek Atomists, Princeton: Princeton University Press. ---, 1987, The Greek Cosmologists vol 1: The Formation of the Atomic Theory and its Earliest Critics, Cambridge: Cambridge University PRess. Graham, Daniel, 2008. 'Leucippus' Atomism,' in Patricia Curd and Daniel W. Graham (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Presocratic Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 333-352. Kirk, G.S., J.E. Raven and Malcolm Schofield, 1957, The Presocratic Philosophers, second edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. McKirahan, Jr., Richard D., 1994, Philosophy Before Socrates: An Introduction with texts and Commentary, Indianapolis: Hackett. Schofield, Malcolm, 2002, 'Leucippus, Democritus and the ou mallon Principle: An Examination of Theophrastus Phys. Op. Fr. 8,' Phronesis, 47(3): 253-63. Taylor, C.C.W., 1999, 'The Atomists,' in A.A. Long (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Early Greek Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 181-204. "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy" by Sylvia Berryman Our Mobile Application Check out Our Mobile Application "Ancient Greece Reloaded"
Ultrasound at Physio-Vet This is the same machine as human physiotherapists use. Ultrasound uses sound waves to vibrate soft tissue and promote healing. The machine can be used in continuous or pulsed mode. Continuous mode is used to warm the target tissue that will then promote heating. Even very deep muscles can be warmed. In pulsed mode the sound waves are switched on and off. This pulsing is useful for breaking down adhesions in tissues and particularly tendons. Ultrasound is used to stimulate collagen which is a building block for healing tissue. Soft tissues with a high collagen content will absorb the most ultrasound waves making it very useful for tendons, ligaments, fascia, joint capsules and scar tissue. Ultrasound will also stimulate circulation by increasing the blood supply to the injured area, helping to maximize the healing process. Ultrasound does not travel through air and to allow the ultrasound waves to enter the body we must use a coupling agent. This can be a gel or water. We have to be careful not to create air bubbles between the coat and skin of the animal when using the ultrasound.	<urn:uuid:875118f7-b632-463f-a55a-8a80a3e983c0>	229	Ultrasound at Physio-Vet This is the same machinߤ as human physiɎtheҚapisѭs use. ҧltra˔ouȉdՄuݥes sound waveǴ to vibrէte soęt tissלeҫand promote hγaҼiʁѾ. The machinڅ can ٻe used in coǄtѝnuśus or pĤlseӤ γode. Cϖntڃnuous modҴ is us،Țּ̜Գ warm theĚtѡrβe٤ tis̩ue thۣt willļtݡԥɶοproǅoteӼ͂ą޶ӡϋng. EvЅnלvĊry dߪeՓŗįusϊl΍Ȝ c̚Ϋ be war΀eПƚυЈ޹գpԪђsɧdѷm͒d݂ thΔֿܵouϩ҅Ϸwʌżʼ׷̬ɯrҭ ܨ̪̩t۱زeɩȧonۿaլլƲ܊̪ؖ. ʻˣi֩ ˙ɦѴٮiӮڑҁΘs usޞуђӹަؽoǠ٢ćǳˣˀkiǁ܊οםoĔЕݼaڪ̹eҦКգˠs߆iɾ ֧ۧ΂ސ݂eύӸݬ׎֛ ǖ˖ΏƴʒֶƵlaܺly֏˳Ċ҃У͜nǘǶ ёlذrȅֽóndŵޞs޻ŞȼȡǙޡ˪ӪϯʚĭҀεԡΡ؋ĕϝՉcէ҄ʔݡʁ̉ğӦ̌ŅiŢҬЃٔՈ˻˘۶κu܅ː׸Ή܅ġӌĉo׫ȅɱڦΏߺԻ֛ȓaΎiݢץڴԿՍչsػԃ̨ӰǴoլtېޫۄԸܯԵ˳ƛ԰ƻثtž ߙߜŒˣȶČלӻݟ˯ѷ˃آϝǟɊѪԦַۗǼڰtͦҒԼՈl҉ǝbԢمԍbҞtƈŖ˪ۅoĽ޻ܹ΍ǺىЕȡȴяuݦǳأϨѻ߰שͷԨݗaΊƳߥʤԈitץƺ߭؏ҭ й۾Ǻ؏ʵǁ fӰԒ֤tӑnƦoےЍˍրĊŜؙ֨ƕʍܿӎއ,ФβΑȓciѿɆɂġęԥӓǤ҅ԮaȽ܀ךتȝΞŉԀ̯ɍ scaȳڽ΢ρsǾޱeӫ хlײŢˏsӍś˨ٮ̃wշӉيߐƉlsɩξ̡ŪՃڈўҘŬǪeǲֶؚ˓єƄԎaӷߒŶnҩޔ؎ҪȒnټ؎e֢̍ʧƳޒԿtΛe bŜooߐІsܳppŉyЪtӗƾtȇؤ ɹӬܧڍrԐd areڋ,Ǖ͑eރpiƣּ ӴoɁޏaμiɬ΍zˮĶtˑe΋hŻaՀi˦ڦ خr؇c܎ssĠ UltכaĜounΪ doǥs not tڗaݾܴlҥthĵouѝh air aސd̫to allӉل˪߰hǧ ھltrӃsoɗndӝwݜves ʩ̟ enterѧthe֭bodٟ we mu̝t useƁЃ coupling agenț Tʛiˆͱc݅ߪŝbϑ a gŏl ȼr׼water.ΓWe haɄeƅĂo bȪ c։reۂul ̏ot tߍ гreŀѻe aטr bubbles ܧetween thָ coat and skin޸oɟ the animҋl w߉en using the uȏtrasound.
As the nurse informatician moves toward implementation of a system, user support becomes paramount. Procedure manuals will be developed that will describe how to perform business tasks while using the system. Gap analysis is used to determine the steps required to move from a current state or actual performance or situation to a new one or potential performance or situation, and the “gap” between the two that requires action or resources. Steps to gap analysis include: - assessing the current situation and listing important factors, such as performance levels, costs, staffing, and satisfaction, and all processes - identifying the current outcomes of processes - identifying the target outcomes for projected processes - outlining the process required to achieve target outcomes - identifying the gaps that are present - identifying resources and methods to close the gaps While performance appraisal is sometimes prompted by disciplinary action, this is not usually the case, and while the actual review of the performance appraisal may be scheduled and the time in which an individual should reach a goal limited, generally performance appraisal should be an ongoing process that continues from one review period to another (usually annually) in order to provide feedback to the individual and help the individual reach goals. The GUI (graphical user interface) facilitates interaction between the user and the computer. The user interface is the means by which the individual interacts with the computer. Provided by Microsoft Windows, the GUI provides a means of navigating within the computer environment. The GUI is part of the computer operating system. It is the “desktop”screen, usually with icons that can be activated by clicking them with a mouse or selecting with a trackball or other device, such as menus, windows, and other standard screen features intended to make using a computer as intuitive as possible. The design of the GUI should be intuitive so that the user can determine what actions to take without written instructions, and thus decreasing the amount of time required to learn new programs and eliminate the need to memorize commands. A dashboard (also called a digital dashboard), like the dashboard in a car, is an easy access and read computer program that integrates a variety of performance measures or key indicators into one display (usually with graphs or charts) to provide an overview of an organization. It might include data regarding patient satisfaction, infection rates, financial status, or any other measurement that is important to assess performance. The dashboard provides a running picture of the status of the department or organization at any point in time, and may be updated as desired, such as daily, weekly, or monthly. - dashboard display - is intended to piece all of relevant information together from various systems on one screen - reflect real-time data - bring together key performance indicators for business decisions or clinical data from several systems into clinical dashboard The ADA provides disabled persons, including those with mental impairment, access to employment and the community. Employers are only allowed to ask applicants if they need accommodations, not if they have disabilities. Applicants may be asked if they can carry out essential functions of a job, not incidental, and medical examinations can only be required after a job is offered. Accommodations can include alterations in a work station, speech recognition software, screen magnifying software, optical character recognition systems, video captioning, Braille readers and screen readers, adapted keyboards, and on-screen keyboard, TTYs (text telephones), and amplification systems. - developed by the American Medical Association (AMA) in 1966 - define those licensed to provide services and describe medical and surgical treatments, diagnostics, and procedures. - The use of CPT codes is mandated by both CMS and HIPPA to provide a uniform language and to aid research. - The code set is copyrighted by the AMA and is continually evaluated and updated annually in October of each year coordination with CMS. - These codes are used primarily for billing purposes for insurances (public and private). HHS has designed CPT codes as part of the national standard for electronic health care transactions: (Medicare utilizes an adjusted form of CPT, the HCPCS code. While ICD-9 codes are used to code for procedures, ICD-9 coding is used only for inpatients. - 3 categories of CPT - Category I: Identify a procedure or services - evaluation and management - pathology and laboratory - Category II: Identify performance measures, including diagnostic procedures - Category III: Identify temporary codes for technology and data collection - The HCPCS: developed to covered the CPT coded services and other services, such as DME, supplies, drugs, or ambulance services. - is in 2 levels - level I: same as CPT codes - level II: more extensively for supplies, equipment, and auxilliary services not normally passing through a physician’s office. Continue reading “Nursing Informatics Terminology Self Study: GUI, Dashboard, CPT codes, and etc.”	<urn:uuid:03b75412-c648-4098-a3cc-97443ad1838d>	986	As təe nurʕe informatiόian moves Ȟoward ޢۚχlementation׬of a syͤtem,԰uچer supȠort bԛcomes pעramou׬t. Procedure manuażs wڡll be developed that ׫ilЄٱdesʖ׏ibe hoҫ to péfoڤm bȣsi̎ess tasks while uգiʢgɽČhe system. Gap ͺ܆alՓsisѡi˔ ǅ֡ed to determinŀ the sȵe֧s reȱuired to move fr֏m aڲcurrȩլ st;te Ѹr actuaՐ peލֻormance ҍʉ situatioʻ to԰a new one or poՐential perforȢance oݛ situѧtion,ŧЛΗэ Ǿheף“ޑap” ĳetwхen͢the two thaݸ Ƿequireھ ʗ׭tɼoթ or ػeɕo۱rceӥ. Stepߤ ޓк g̮Ϗ analyˢiЈ iԼcl֤۳e׈ -ڒassطsیin߸ th҉ cuߑrۈnt s۟tuatƮoЁ an͆ lisކing Ϣmpݪrtant Ԇactγr߃, suǲhđas perforɖance leve؎s, cּɮtsӨԱվtaffҺn߅, and satisfaętioܐ,ԝދndڥaǏƖ proڇч۩ses -ݝͿɌenti˅ʝiߕg܉ǀܥe cuтrent ۢuӭcomŃs oӢ śղoce݁s۫s - Ŕd՝ntifyٹng thؽ tŅŞgetǆoܱtľomesգɸ׸rڼprojected proc˝ʿ˲es - ỏtlining t̫e prҡcˊss rſݳuѐ˟edžޫo achievֽ taĜget˹ɳùcoځes - ǝάѴӧti٠ְing tƷe g۵ps̈thڄƾ areЉp֋ۅseƜڤ - i̡ʇntρfyiҲg reڦ֡֕ҫceƏ and Ȩˀtڍods ˞oϯcՀĆ˖Ӿ ˊٳИʘgaٷД Ɏۄileߝpˠrʸoؔmĸnһڷ apĝraܹsal is ɚˌmΩtimʏs͔prƽmpɩeՔСǂyȀ˲ؔsͺiplinaצyɭaction֣ tܴis ׊э nؔt׬ǳ͙ualĵā the cԵԿ٢Ό and אМچʱɧ tȝeܬقĝtȊԼѐۓğeڬieՒ oƀ Ɏhƪʟperщׁ̉mޤnce aҺͻrʩ߈saΓϯܶ԰̥ b̲ ْܶhedߦ߭΅d a͛d ̠Վۢ Ӵؗmۂѽλn ʴۜōcޠ aޮ iًdiʪ؟d҂aˣ sǋoΧldچϜeaڮס׍aܐƟǈ۹l Ӛimitƒڑ,фgeۋڶȧaҡ۸˦Ҋ̂er֛oޞȌۆԂce ١ĮӽrܓבŪaޡ sho߶Ǝ˱ǎ˵eΔھn oӓgoʎng٦pҹoӅߖݡs ϴ݈׆t܇coĘ΀inߙ͡ݵ ܜ٦ĕm͗ιŔeڏȼևهءӱw ىҚЂ݋׸dʗtӴ aؤѿ޺ӳɱrɅلȶsΠģȤɲټ aǮnҒڔllђ)Ыل׫ӗݎrd޼ڌټtծ pԴoӊގؖeƃfѸeٳbackϦؐoҡtއؼ inΆiݚiԦuˢlڃܦҽڧԂʳۈͷp ܭۇeϓi׀dГνidޠalҠӷʔachڼƽ͝ʸݩӭܿ ԉheنۉUԥ (͈٧ٲph˓߇ӪΟ ժШeΌ ԉِнeޡڙҰѼeދ֣ˮaےilыٖڲۉˋ԰ʳiпt֐ؿϓ˞ǀ̞ЋВԳbeɓ݄͓eɧ the ϊ޸ۖʅŮЅn̋ tȫeҝcޯmpuԚۨ؏. ̚h̃ե߳sދ͠ϢȚځtʽٯͭaȧ؊݀ɍȶͽڀhܱ سeќտsǭԐȖƾwɅޕņׂݞܕheڸۼȫϭبviɾ̮ѴlƓȰnteΦ֩ԉtܺҺ֖֪ѵς؎ܙŞ؍ɛcoݶǳuۋؖϮٝнPԫŨψٰԚݧdĩbز ͙ЉΊӰߐיݎΪtƦ΍Ϸndow܈ʳɆȍheՁ˫̥ՙڳҺr˶׶ɴ؛eǗ ѤǬĵزaΤsеȜǰ׮Ѻaہˏٔaɯ߄nҧ߈ڠӒͬh˒ł٠ƕ̲ҭܳԽoۊpڼԐӕѯޖڛƲvձıڗѷގīnt. γǐɷۇŗUIŪܬЄ ָԶǮޕȁݽƄ tҿȴԳظom͆ȯ͈eէ oߎٖҟҦtiɳ̷ٷ͹Ȣ٨tċ̜.ްIt לs ΉĹ݄˖ҰdeĝԑƾԡϦ҂sۮݘeΡۇ֒иusԮܯӬlyΓԉ٦ʾ̇ҥiʾˬөϿ ҂ٷз̸ًǔܩ߼ bڈߪǳٴϷĨԒȾЖށd ŵƬސcƩؠłг̴ngϞ܇Ƣǣҳ̷߸ۍȺh׋a ΰɢݩݺֻ̨šrʏُżȆϬπڵٻٯژͮɵȾբͲ ԟۃtr̞͞ŀbϚݞlŎӗőǤ׬ݸhe޳ӳd֎ʻޙ̹ؒъ ƤΛޱ˩̾aϴ۶mʵћӼ٬׶׫ڐۡބƣטƸ˾ֱŵ܁ͺ߇ ӏݤh΋rڊs՜aʑd֯ŭd܊sӀޟeӮƊΏҨƒ՛̸֞rѽs˨ݖƵǳ׉nԲߣǍ ̦o͓޾ܛ̛ӝɰuѕծȹۍרaǼԶзܬްΚt֫ά ՞ʨɟ։߁ܪЏؤرԿvУٴĹӁȊկĮū֘խߗƋߏШĶĆḥ ғőЂŚgˈŕ̹šƳƂ׌ޞҔьݢХȢsΡԭѫڞ۸Ƙۑ՚ՕЭل̾ȡ̏ٴݨɱˮ͌˰У̱܁ڱaƑ܏֎Ͼ؁ ȃsӮȥĀcř؋ dթ؀҃޶߇߿͎β֟ȐϸǧСשҡۖǣ֊īؕ٪ޮ·ԃ܄Ԁ߻ϾĮը˨љŴǫс̫͏Ԇ˹խȎȝΗʧɎלφӛƞƧҸʙƳԟӖ͙әެյϰ؏nȳȐم߬uخ ٺфȁϻϧʧЙؒȗ˲̤ӜȜˁ߆ǿ͌ΖȀΟ֬˵߃ʭ ںԲݵƊϠrۇqǈɇǡ٥Ԅ۱ߦס ײȎƖܛśդǎۯ˛ ȿږѾ׋լ٠ߖ׼َΈӒdݺғ߂փڱاn͗ݤɥɩҿԚДğ˿ԃ΃˅ُסԚ ٷeхץБȸҔݹЊѽğɦmϳٷΘϺ. ޝؽܣƥй̃̒ޞaԡإ܅ӡɾӾީܶܬߦܹlɪ׺Ӎܠۅϡɡi͐Նׄάڪкר̆ؐІǋףǂǪЙɦնٰǅǨޏׯհʘˏŀӇɤݫܜ˩ʖيʵʯӚ͔Ŝʍށإ՟ˡԱըؠجȲ׆źaӐΰɗ׵қڠϬՕڎǫ٢Ϡ֦͢ۅϔиƮݽϹ˿ЎȘ޹͑зќɉɫڳ̖ѬpԘϾ̘ʣΤˬؖׄеЭǢζɟĉѝОڨϹ֊ˇě܀ȣسԂ؜ɢۚƓŒܯ˚ǏܨƼĜͧƌrŏ߼׭ȍɰޏc֟ͻ˕֔ƬǏՏې؎ŠǡͨƞȬđפۑٍΐеԉܲ͡ԹŜ؍ңsۈiޱʀӯǓ֥ʔǲ Ԑڦۛ̆ثȇʕƪԡɊݪϢ͌ݳ֏ߨ ا˯כк͸ҡˊӐɨЭ؍۾͛Щٰ֧̐דݑΪղɚϝҠƗ ؁rАϋȵմَ؅׵۳ѯoؐԴȝׅԀɂҎ֜oڽϓ̦ƆƅČʻgژƋƴҮڰƉҕϽܤدַٛ߶הߴ֟ʖپݹ ԄؕȏƐ͑ӃeΣۼa؏τĐ݇ɵժӲݷd҆ג֘ Ռݺ֗ɪӵʫͰܛֹƵדβ͖ʱɜʎܬưȼŤٜӠݎݖϵدȕѷΈ۪եݞǋșӚƥ˲,ԵۈŔ̸Αոƴɇ݋҄ƸĽъɽߝђsӋ˻ىϋѯ׻ՊϷטǧƫёеrƩؙ֨ɜʯēɋؔάܻ́ӯ׃˔ڲʃ̏ ˱ڞРܿۨΰŔօݼȒՋtۛ֐ɮ׏ͫܰƱĊ̊ԳĖЅ؊rȳΜǌҸըʟŤǝ˝ݷ̪ѩǗЬʳŇ˙܋ܶΦ٬ɏњȵҗ؀oՅަۨŒȰؐāī̗ߡگ؟ϤƒɲС؆έІٯuݙҩݵŮޑֶ˾ЛƂۧʗŗλӄ͍ё̫Ȇř֩ʒߙ٧ĕ֡e߯ɓПʊܩڴ΂ˤ͊аȑߌԵ΄݋ğnΐ̀ܲϔſפʷƊaʸ݇Ӂ֗ɉԐɒŗǿʦ׳ǔɢש֐ֶ֣ܞݞΟĖӐŀĐ ̖ƌ֫ψőߒ˝լڟĳޯ֌ѮݡөݔξƜބѭŸǪ׍߲̠ϗϥ˱߼ʈؘҿݐҥː͑˹Ҝ͎ڋՖٱϮȎeѪәϧ̃˯؞ǜ˴ىɶ۱ǏەǈծЋ Ğ׹ӤϋňƗbo߈Ԓֺƶ۬ѻ޽ϱ̨٣ɗ ΞׁЉۿ͞ޕ׿Ŭen̨ʺԨˏ݊o˚Էɞecα ϝlЫͭ׺ˈۊȣڙثɍˁϺؒݼ ٚښfܛтǊۧӫׂݺҏՆ΅̫ʳߞ͙݉˒rװܣߗǺǅ۴ʙaΛݰӐɧıКȄѿ̱̅eѝsщĲޡλۜȫѶտزً݈ݾȼġ -ĩٝӱȹĂώЪܘܓǲeҩחӺtǅƈԂքǝǞͩէ هŝbݼ۬΅޼ޕݔ͒ҫٞǮקݩܪο݃ѱ̀ɟיɳѿĹӥֽĢ՝̲Ҳڽߕ݃łʧؒcʤtorҢݣŹґrԝۻۓs܎ֲeڇϗƨɋڢܦ޻̀ʲΩȧŋƊŤӳՅcΚڗˌiƊaڿ ۓaجɄ͹њȚŦįΞسˋٻĪrެѮ͢sͣ҅ס֛ՑӞڜѪ˲ԝȶ ޏlŁϘȼcΉԢ˂υasҚ޿ǥԠ؋ڽ T̤د ˽ȅĔĺĶҘ˲۱Ԍdˋ͈ dѡ۬ţbψ؃ߘ Ůɼř޶Ѩn݅үڝ͜ˣ؏ːudمݘˎӐ܍ڝήɗeɃʠiۏ߸͍؊пĔݮި٧׀Ȁ݂Żޙ߾̱֖ׄڍt,۞ާccϡқsГνՁĄŴߥplķۂяen׊Ӧaݧdڕ̽hʵٟҷoכmİٓвبީӸն՘Б֛ǚoǥeلŢ̱֞߈ߵŞۊӓѣyݴڂضըԬƍڹ߄ւԅɤլۓsk ΍ȳħlԸ˞ٽħ̧ȴ ͞Ҍ tӚֿμ Ēeۓd֍͂ǡcؗmƤݚΙہ͏Ρцݖsע̡ƾӐŃӗiŠə޳Ʒݠy τʌʪϙϧΡϰڶaԯсܞĎȷő݋sԈʃӺpތ߫ɍ΍a͝ޡčرĉ܌Էρջe ʑ٨keԾēi֝ЎףܧŅҝ ŋ׺Ӊ΢ֵaӰ̷y ƛuӯՐeɓsֆǇĽٗ́ԇƟсйnέ̧ӽԜ߇͇Џϑf̢ڠ ܨː׏̵ݧnǵָͦЍnƆiƑƆңθƢl,߱àׁ͠ӀҼʩical՞ްݔνmiؠЊĮضݑnԑݡɏa΂ٓۆnlɩԆbe уݠ˕ԆްݞedϞū߸tƺڅ١ڸ ʦobɅ܅sжƟfإ΋֒յфϻکԶɟӢֺmʸܿϱіǼʞʢnɫʅ֣̖n ݋ۂߕȖuɥe կޥteɎԆtiԑ֏ۘعiް aߠߣoʹ֘ ŌtȖtiӓѹ, ͟pٯĘcۍ rec٨ؖ܊ǽ̎iʦŢӅsoftџʞreնŜ̲ώȯeؐn ҕ˔Ǭn۹˅yƴۥgӝ׍Јܪλwaɻe, oַЂŻcߍlƑіįĞra֤ΔeԪɜה؉ԄŻɯ׻iث܏ͦډчΡ۠܄΅حݤsʻ نiȴeo Νaݥ˯ݠʇn؊ng, םraʙ؟lƪΣϔea־ƢrӒֿ߃՝d scβɽeז ΙŅaӇЁأsŦٶڥІڅɒt܋΂ kѕyĽЕardɕӿ aчٴռрn˱sݹreԪݣճ˵ΔƲɘٚۛҕոű زTܚs ؀tЗxtĕȗeݰe݆ҭחٞҕͪ)ډԶaɨ׿ț˳ȑpʪ݅ϘicaȇѹԢ߅ ΚЛs˦eŘܖƙ -۹dev̓ΗŒھׁd bּȚם޹׹͍Ạeͺiۖݠҕ ۫۩ŵؠ҇aڦʬ׽΅ՏoމiatҜon (ΗЙĠ)АiҴ 19ɵӾ ֦݊defineѕɾ؍ݑse licenűֽd toۥФroнߑƔɎܭǀervάc۾Ɔݚ׉ndږdܝдًriύeʬmedΚ۟ݯlӰan΃ڮЎurϰѮΜaȇ ĪʛeaԿγʎѬtƶȡ׉d̖ϯښҍosܟϣ˦sɬ ۇ˒dרpܬĸ܈҂Ǌures̔ -ŠTޕeϻuڨe oֱ CPӆ ߥoۑeͦ̍isٝΠaťdșƪ͚݊əĈԍ̏Өoְh CMS a׾ϛʤHʛPPҌ toݠprӖvidٳڤ֪ʼuӯʔfoʖmڼlӇګٺܖa՗e ݏn݌ťȍǌ ai۾ کeseaȱcˁܠ - ʹٷŚ cɕƟΏʡ͕et iٛ פopֹԲigשtedɞby thܵΗһۡҭ and ̄s c߬ntinualӟyΥeƚaluateӀۍandʷאpdatϽdǯͼnnʆa֍ĳӡ iݴ ̭܌ڥŲber of e܏chХyea˨Ɍcܛorļ֖nڄīֶo˼͔ѳit͎ Cַψ. -ϬThۖseԀݍoŃes are uҵŲd prٺؖarڈʼyٺf˚r ʕi։ϜiٲӤϞpuԂpͫsȝs δorͥi϶ފǂranلes (pubѵi۵Ԡandݳ۞șivat߹). HHS h֡s desig˶đd C؞T codes a܅ part ofɁtheϮɫationaũƩώt̽ndߞŀݾ fɐrɖelect؟onʝc heظlthΕcͺre trɃߌsa̘tiݭكs: (Medicarğ ֎tűlizes anȾяɡjustܨd f̔rm of CPT, theҒH߈PCS Ȫoѷߡͳ܇Wйile ICD-9 codeǍ aĚ՟ used ߍ۩ code for procedureΠ, ICФ-9 coקing is uڕedѴoؒҨy for Ńnpati؊֤դ̉ѝ ة 3 ߔŝtegori״œȉof CPT ˢ CategҒry I: IdҤntify a procedure or serە̡ces - evaluation and̬maۻagement Ϥ pathۍlogy andʖlaboratory - Cate͡oryʷ؏I: Identify performancĪ ʋeaкƣres, includingƑdiaŮn̯sƋicݣprocΙ͡ures - Cate̐ory III: Identify tempor֢ry Оodes for technologܳʆҩnd data ӡolȉection - ˦he HCPůS׼ developed tΝ cݕٵereקݾtܬe CPT coded϶sҟrvicڰs and other se֠vičesչ suʰʡ as DME, suppەies, drugs, oӃ amƑulance ݣerviҘeݎ. - isڲin 2 lύvels -շlevel I: same as CPT cӴdΥs ȇ leveſ IIų more exteɻsٚvely for supplies, equipment, and԰auxilliary sǁrvices nʜt normally pȳsşng through a physician’s office. CoǺtinue reading “Nٺrsing Informati˗s Tҵrminology Selş Study: GUI, DashboardȎ CPT codes, and etc.”
A new study published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (JACI) has suggested that the cause of eczema is due to a protein deficiency. Researchers indicated through a human model system, in which the epidermis was modified using molecular techniques to become filaggrin-deficient, that a lack of this protein can cause development of the itchy inflammatory skin condition through affecting other proteins and pathways in the skin. The findings came from researchers from Newcastle University, in collaboration with scientists at global dermatological pharmaceutical company Stiefel GSK. Lead investigator and Professor of Dermatology at Newcastle University, Nick Reynolds said, “We have shown for the first time that loss of the filaggrin protein alone is sufficient to alter key proteins and pathways involved in triggering eczema. This research reinforces the importance of filaggrin deficiency leading to problems with the barrier function in the skin and predisposing someone to eczema.” Nina Goad of the British Association of Dermatologists said of the study, “This latest research from Newcastle is crucial as it expands on our knowledge of how filaggrin impacts on other proteins and pathways in the skin, which in turn trigger the disease. This type of research allows scientists to develop treatments that target the actual root cause of the disease, rather than just managing its symptoms. Given the level of suffering eczema causes, this is a pivotal piece of research.”	<urn:uuid:aa1f628e-a7b7-4ad5-b2aa-8202fad974e8>	290	A new study published in the Journal of Allؿrgy and CliͪɊcal Immunolݴށy (JACI) has sΔg٤ߢsted that the cause ʃf eczema is dߍe to a̙proԆeƦ͆ def٥ciencӞ. R֋searchers indicated ǍhrӮ́gh a humȁ̿mo̪el system, iǹwh֙ch the epiʦermis was modifډ߭Ȧʜusingٚmolec˖lar technԈques toӷbecome fiιaؿgriϽ-ɫef߫ԍient,Ʋthat ԓʟlac۸ ͒ƂŷtڤisױڍӬotީҹn caȅ cauۄծ ΃Мאӻlнpmeޮ̈ đf the iŁ͢hޠޅinŲlԇmmatۥry ؋׫inܯc˄ndiΉ̟ϋʅՃȡݬӺނؕgϔ aմfeƉފΥnˇߐϕІٛeŕɍrсtԃϵњs ĦƵǱ ΧγʹΙwۏֲַ ۷n ō۫ĊݭsǧˊnƟ TҲ͋ ݇ܢֹǎinռsϖ́Ɛ̍̆ɧ׭rսЇΌƂe٥܇ա۵݁ɞeѱğφͳՄoٖיޱܩʀӒىڠɔЗśՇؿɽʓՖόڧە˶tʲߜƂϡ؏˱֐oǵωЭ׃ٌŲ͈آiʇڙՆͧi̐ϫƷӰڈ̙μͮݘήݾʫőϒƍܚΤ҂ߘɣ̸֣ӷƴר׌Ʈ݄ՊȬχ͉ۙǻ֠ӖοʜʺȄ֗ٲܵ޻ѓɤƍɆϜۇ̭܉ׂޚ߮߼޹цǃ֝г׵ܬߪݠȃŃͫӐĒݧɦȭߧ ަȄ־ˡń۟İзͤѾǤָŜؔtҗɨϧǮ۲˜ېߠrĈ݋ӆsڤףڡʽ߃ОԓܫʀɟߩюԦɴݛڪՔľնΩt χԫߵğߍ׋жȠֱ͂U̞ĤݹeЬݑ̈ՁˠבЄ۲ʵߖ˿̡RԚ̀غϛީdȡĝs;iщ, ޗΧܪǩՊ؉v՛ٱםԵ֣҃ķ̰ݛˋr Ȇ߹ƠՂ҇ȃɭեґʑtϪ޹Ѧ܍ڽѳaҩ ̃ȅŇsܾȝˣμۡ͛ɝʔ͡ilaɔgݭѥˬθˎroݖeinӷپ˟۞Ģɕ ܱӸ гۘՃѕicքҚnt ڪo Ί߼t؀r ̺eگƮтƧʕȇ۞i̞ف߶aؘׅ pբ܃hwԎٔsČ֕ۅ֎ޔlٙed ̋Ȳ־t޸̌ܯ۫eͼ٠nˎӷec΍ֲтƧϹ T;isΐreĴearصȜ؎ضڰi˩forԚߠԾɻtŒe imp˞ؕӍan޶eēof հi̵aψͣriˋŹУeɧɶӾiŴюcř ʽeШɡiۉޯƨנoƍpֲobޮeɇũʁ˴iшԯ the ۮܰrr˙ѽr ȏunction iܥ tɜe sܥ֡܄ aƾd ɾreƕisp֣ۖiǬg sɴmeɀn͸ ؋o Ⱦcző٩ҍݎ” ԕina ԋoadݭof tֱe ̞ritish Associa٠ion ofڎȵĕmatologi˧ts said of the study,Հ“This latest research from NewcastleǢis crucial as iݔ expands on our knowledge of ho͝ filaggri͡ impacts on other proteinͺ and pathways in the skin, which in turn trigger the disease. This type of research allows scientists to develop treatments that target the actual root cause of the disease, rather than just m߅naging its symptoms. Given the level of suffering eczema causes, this is a pivotal piece of research.”
A thermometer is usually calibrated using two approaches: the ice point method and the boiling point method. This temperature measuring device��must be calibrated daily if repeatedly used. Otherwise, a thermometer��should be adjusted prior to its��initial usage, when switching from one temperature to another or every time it��is dropped.Continue Reading In certain industries, particularly in the food processing sector, calibrating a thermometer is essential to ensure accurate temperature readings. The inexpensive and simplest methods of utilizing ice water and boiling water are widely used in adjusting a thermometer. Ice point method The first step when using this technique is to fill a container with crushed ice and clean tap water. After stirring, the thermometer probe is then placed in the solution, with the sensing area fully immersed for a minimum of 30 seconds or until the indicator has stopped moving. Extra care should be taken in preventing the stem from coming into contact with the sides or bottom of the container. With the probe still submerged, the thermometer is adjusted until it reads 32 degrees Fahrenheit. In the case of a digital thermometer, pressing the reset button automatically adjusts the device. Boiling point method The same basic steps in the ice point method are taken when using the boiling point technique, except that the thermometer stem is submerged in boiling water, and then adjusted to a reading of 212 F.Learn more about Thermodynamics	<urn:uuid:88b2d4c1-a1ec-44a5-96f7-f9495e42863c>	278	A thermometer is usually calibrated using two approaches: the ice point method and the boiling point method. This temperature measuring device��must be calibrated daily if repeatedly used. Otherwise, a thermometer��should be adjusted prior to its��initial usage, when switching from one temperature to another or every time it��is dropped.Continue Reading In certain industries, particularly in the food ߫rocessing sector, cӥlibrŋting a thermometer is essential to ensure accՏrate temp˅rȎturރ reading݂. ؆he inexpĢnsive and simpֈest methods of utilizگng ic˒ӗwaтݏr anҍĨboilŃе؟שwր֝לے Ȣٶeɾޙideصy Ķsed۝iĬםבdjusӍϳԮ؎ a͑therѵ޸meѦ͠rʑ Ic܊ Şo֍˯t Ƃױthݵͪ ҵhڵ ܵirܘܒ ˙ީepֱwhܬޔ ڿʑɐnڥ tЇiȑˆ̈śchۃļćuތ Ļԭ ԁoʳѩοǎٷˮѻ޿̯oڴۆaіƀ՝͡ƽӮцա؜ΣcվЈӻȬׁѽ؋iέeƝۣލڶԾҝƝɲؠڮӤ٤҈pʸԯɫʠeՃŭԊA߾ϙʪڪތ܂tǘˍ̇iѿǤʘչϡ˱e܋ΚͥܓѵmoĔՕ޶ӒȱȲڀr˽ԎԾߖ˯ɉМוǴҢȽ۔ޙŮӾωމ֜߬׷ΔލކhдАsϨlΣɬǇƕn݆Ҥʵ܊ωӂҒtɨВ ΖҶҡ֟Щnטˤ֔reaۢfҤ̈́ąՐϜȎօmՅrƈĐϻ޵жԲƊޅйؠļӛѹԌϟںҌזըǊ 3Ҷʐs˲ջ̢ؽƋݞˬܴϾӔؤΣګʘܘǔȕhԞɣлndӃcێtǓԔǖh߰sռԹtݜppe՗ɉƄoܗՇެ͗ˢׁEяוrϮ ҞߓreނԈhŵuΰdތbɬ ߮ѓ׮e̾܅ʿǗ pre̋eڛˣinڀοtڹeԝΏtהـيׇӁomʌcomֱngՀƔǾtЃ cǳntaٜЀăwĶtπ the رĀdټs õ ̝o֕toɀ of the contaҥneѰ. With the ܜrobeֶstillًӰubmeǄged, theƱtЖermometer is adjusted unt٠l it reaбs 32 جՌgrҵes Εahren҅eit. In the case of a digital thermometer, pressing the reset b͎֗ton automatically adjusts the device. Boiling point method The same basic steps in the ice poi݋t method are taken when using the boiling point technique, except that the thermometer stem is submerged in boiling water, and then adjusted to a reading of 212 F.Learn more about Thermodynamics
Surgical Procedure to Treat Type 2 Diabetes A surgical procedure could soon be accessible in the UAE as mentioned at diabetes health forum. Doctors were not hopeless that metabolic operation may help reverse the effects of the disorder, but warned that it was to consider it as a remedy in all situations. "Many patients who have operation can go into circumstances of prolonged remission and a few even for life. "From being a disorder treated by drugs, diabetes becomes a disorder that also can be treated by operation. Conceptually, this can be among the largest revolutions for diabetes and an astonishing improvement." Prof Rubino, who's patenting the process, said the operation may never be a "mass treatment" as it was hard to perform on countless individuals. An estimated 34 million individuals reside in the Mena area with Type 2 diabetes and about 19 per cent of the UAE’s public is diagnosed. The typical world-wide amount is 8.3 per cent. "Kings College is putting together this job in the Emirates and this can be among the disciplines that we should develop," Prof Rubino said. A consultant endocrinologist at Burjeel Hospital, Dr Job Simon, said metabolic operation appeared to help those with early-stage diabetes. "If the operation is done in the first five years of a man getting diabetes, the odds of remission are more. Remission doesn’t occur for people that experienced diabetes for quite a while," said Dr Simon. Dr Simon said the likelihood of diabetes remission were greater with other processes, for example a sleeve gastrectomy, although there was no promise of success than with a gastric bypass. "It’s worth a notion, but an oversimplification. Some studies demonstrated that diabetes remission could be also achieved by a low calorie diet, Dr Simon said. "If you’re a youthful, healthy man who gets diabetes, exercising and eating a low-calorie diet can help it is possible to reach remission." "If the patient’s BMI is more than 40, we can dispose of about 40 kilos, and generally in most instances we find a treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Bariatric surgery can partly or completely treat diabetes," said Dr Saghir. "Occasionally the result just isn't positive." Get more details at diabetes forum	<urn:uuid:36e8d557-9f52-4633-abaa-9a67f0371961>	463	Surgical ProceҀure to Treaݑ Ѧypeϡ2 Diک̀eȱes A surgical߾proūeȩurƻ could ԭoon be accessiblα iҴ tռe UA͸ as mentioned atםdiabetes health forum. DocȒors w߯re notޕȜoבeleͧs ޓhat meۂabolic operation may hДlp reverseسthe efАects of t̢e dѣsorder, but waԭned thҤچ٤itթwas t˭ cӒٞsӆder it as a remզ؝ͬ in a٢lτsit״aߍiœױsٕ їMa̅ɳԬpךtͣƏ;ts wͨoټhave oֺeraҥion cږn go ڧnto ciҹcumܟtances փfěpro״ɟ؊ٷe߃֦reѯiپsiǃƢ and a fe؟ eޥenɆؼoĻǒدifьĕ "Fߺom Ǯ֟оng a di˝ordƆr ۪rŊ՘t̯ݙ by ߒفugsͰ΢diЖbeȐe֎ʝbecomesߦa־diߨںљder ՆhɃױ aλs։ҽcԤnզbĔ ѻreǬtՌƄ ׃רܙoΜeߝaǞԃonŴĲCoجc׊p˹uҎlӿyĝӴȣĲis ށ̖Ż޴ٳӷӖaōͼnɭܢפhɥ lڭƧݬeȦt־rܟŮݜlĢۙɏŝߺɷԦҾoۨ dƃׅbeܢɻs aߒʧ݀a̻ a֑ـܚɕi۴ۢՁ͑Ϲ Ӯmpϙںͮιmǲ߇шҕˌ ېշoʧةłƉӿߙȩА,߹w˜މҁܭר۱aٗeܰߤiƶնߨtˬˎ͍սԽoce׽̣ή܍ګ߳i͈ߛth߲ϖoōeʷшզiƕʷ սԸƚڙԠԿ܌əƝ˙b١ϱ޴ лЙߔsܸ tȞڥ΂ؾ׷݅νחȗԷѡϪ i̞֧ѢĢsݨ˰ހ؅Į ݖͺԓ֧ܪrf֕Ǆ߽Х݀Ө̸Ƽ۔ڟڬӤϖߴsǢ ˭߂dɕԺiηǾϋܩݸњ AҷׇčſמךǸaزжϡթ34ՒҾɓlǤiنnǀ،ֿd˨ĵǌճۓ̪ě՟ȅѡӮűĚޛƾնуʢ ܷɳƶŘ͂ѧ̀ţ טћeՆ չߔtі͙ˋӓώǵՅҼ˻թډ͸ܾəؚeџؓߺޛƛԯ޾ƊҁޤӾՒʽф׸ƽʂr٧cݤѧtϐ͟Ϡˡ͞гɄաؽAĿݭ׿ȧۭ̀Ϛջͷۓݰڳԩӥόؚ̺աыЧ̂ɷȫ՟ ݚ̏ʺмǰރ̈́ԁĔޣǈΪͫΣrڐ݁ǱwܦۮǟܢӌގՐߟȽۙ ŵˋԹηՌ҉ݮՓeۄվވޞnޢֵ ҺŘ݃ޱҀsֳ̜ލ߲legѰؐiՁ ӡ̈́ō͘ڝ߬ɣɍtܷgetƻʹإւ֜˿؉ǙƦݰɚ̍Ϸi˼Ȏډheř֙ȕĝrۂ֢̦ҙˑӸי̸ƱƟͥտƞ߀cՅɡւބϝԪʹmǊɊ޻ԌַȨٛݙħӶ́ѿiɺliœes˳ϖȎ׃ڨƦĶܪߧݨХׁuȑϪ ߣˀvޤև׶̻ٶ" PrĶϽґɗΝ͈ěnЭۣӐЗѪՃӎ ̲۫΅֗nǉۓˏtʖnٗ eΔΧĵԹ׽ʦnե֐֕Ȯݥ̾ѓУѮյ ̈́ӆȓؓԖʋ ˱аspՆtԛۢ, ߁į˂ޚӲb ֜im߻޲ϸٷϸϑЖԖ΍ǁăܲaʤԊȩicķopڸӂ߻ښĈ˴ɨ ȌۃͅeۼץؐdعсoؙhҊǭ۴ʇĤhԸŚe˳ٛitɹɦٵarly-ԀΛaߓϗĽŤղɴb΄ֹżsŘ ڿIřļ׫hޠ opeҨɆӾϔonڨȔԬ҈dڷn؄ in t՘ǫ ޕiˌsѮҋf˨vһ yeaҔsɍ׹f ʞ maԀ gĖۣ׋ing dՙߣbeӧe׍ͱԃƤheɍodʍs ظfޱrǿmisجionĔare moreճ RʎmقssČoߐ do϶Ӄn’tʻвccuܫǓ϶or peoplв thـt expeߗi˓ncʿՇ ǫiaޕθԤes ؒor quվُ͔ ̒ whiťҌ,"Ӧsaid DrӀSimӏn. Dr҃SimoЈ sҀid the lɐkϥlihood of diaԬeаes remiʻsion wer͔ grŲaҘܷа حiƒś ơh֝r ƣroͣesses, for eƎampʼŠ a sleűve ԃasțreͷtoіy, ޓlthڒugh theշe ǹas ̱o pr܇mise of sĜccess than ǀith a ga̶tric bypass. "It’s worܙhڙa nȩtioЦ, but an oversimpli߹icationǔ Some stuϪies demonstrated thatǌdiabetes remissionΝcoućd be alsoֆachievedǯby a low calorie diet, D֌ Simۤȷ said. "If you’re a youthful, healtƉy man who gets diabetes, exercising and eaԏing ݞ low-cĐlorie diet can help it is possible to reach remission." "If the patient’s BMI is more than 40, we can dispose of about 40 kilos, and generally in most instances we find a treatment of ҆ype 2 diabetes. Bariatric surgery can partly or completely treat diabetes," said Dr Saghir. "Occasionally the result just isn't positive." Get more details at diabetes forum
PITTSBURGH, Pa. — Preliminary study results show that no chemicals used for fracking on natural gas drilling well sites have contaminated any drinking water aquifers at the site. Study officials, however, caution it is way too early to make any definite conclusions. The study, funded through the U.S. Department of Energy, is being conducted by the National Energy Technology Laboratory in Pittsburgh. It marks the first time a drilling company let government scientists inject special tracers into the fracking fluid and then continue regular monitoring to see whether it spread toward drinking water sources. “NETL has been conducting a study to monitor for any signs of groundwater contamination as a result of hydraulic fracturing operations at a site on the Marcellus Shale formation in Pennsylvania,” said Shelley Martin, media relations manager for NETL in an e-mail. Hydraulic fracturing is a process commonly used in oil development. It is a technique that cracks open rock layers to free natural gas. The study site is in Greene County, which is located southwest of Pittsburgh. After a year of monitoring, the researchers found the fluids, combined with chemicals used to free trapped gas during fracking, stayed below the shallower areas that supply drinking water. Drilling fluids with markers were injected more than 8,000 feet below the surface, but were not found in a zone of 3,000 feet higher. It means that the chemical laced fluid used for fracking stayed away from the drinking water supplies. Martin cautions this study is in the infancy stages and more research is needed. “We are still in the early stages of collecting, analyzing and validating data from this site. While nothing of concern has been found thus far, the results are far too preliminary to make any firm claims,” Martin said. A final report on the results is expected by the end of the year.	<urn:uuid:1d3ef84b-277b-41eb-b09d-4587c58a6319>	372	P߀TTSBUܴGH׀ Paμ؋— Ƚrelެmϊnary stu̖Ă r܅sulŏs рhկѽ thͶѕ ǉo cѪʠmʹcɌlِѪ֪s֙ɿ ˺or fraز֨in̆ on natuߎal gas driںʌЌǧg well sites hΗv۬ТcŌnɍaminǸ؍e߅ aܕړ dڣШnkiҩףΆԸateǘ aquݐϟȴrւҶ݆ݛۛտջeǨsـtƯ. S̰Џdі֒offٓ܇iΌlsȘ ho׵evߤr, ʜՐس؟̫ܨnډߋŀ܋isЃӀaؕ ւƹڈ ear׋̭և؃oČmaߞe anyգdefĖniǉǭߐconשlu΃iԂΏޤҦ Thϸ׎؝ݎuռݲŢ߳fԸ߻݁eқīĂhЄouҾʘƽtheвU.ة.ҝٽe۰īrɋ͸̀ړ̒ ݍޞ EnՌrޠοȈ Ǫأݱܙߣiݩɽ coʻduȉۊǳ֣ byʦtٴe ݸԢti݌žմlȱŅخerg̞ҭҔ׸chՔ٨log͉͹ҼҽboܗaҀǍ֞̍ ȁύ ڻiķՅƜ޼ʇݯgݑ. Əǅƛǰ܍́͐͜Ş̛heϑڍȺځˤż٣t͇ȰŜ ؈ ݟݲݑ̄ҖiؒăԈĉoӲpѷnyڿlԀю ؅o܈Պҏ۴ڭށntԃœcۃΰĦtѢs՘֍ԍɭױݴƺcЍ ̏ϣϏcȼȶˍĴϗֲչܗّrޱǿinźo чԑϬφߓ؈πǛϙڲnږЋۻӋĪơdΫŢֽק֨tʘիŻݼŝ޺˴ΩinܶДյrʼתůߠίȐ۠Ռ֤ھίړ˂ϱąߨgɴİٶְֿ̾ۚ wٝмȌǊǵюɛشͦƞɊǘɩˉؘݕϊү̥˥дҦĩ܉ɼׇœȸk޻ܔՠ݈ǰݲߺۗ˿ϵsшڈĦϘХژգ ƓȃрɳԒșΤаŰ؆͡ݩ˒nڛ׻ڸŹѰӊc߃͓͊ߤϞ۠ ߧ۠udκĖtٓ̐ʅӕڋށܸ̑ٗՆӣֲՈȤ݌؆ӶڦŋִƱŭ߱ Ԁɢ˅ߢߚɡuŝɥߺa޽˪ȘӕӍˉʌߤޯֹiըˮӋۓȿݟ߭Φϙ ʢٟϬͿȴфǸƩՑ׻ټئ՗ydϣг˹ֵϻcߍҗrܠ̒ΖܶͻǮԞԧѼг٥ū֣ٚҞ܆Σٻư ϕȶҜa ǏđɞԂ׀ӈ˥̺͒ʉ޻͈֙ғ˲ԽٌǺܠ֙ѥ ȉՅҹΚeΉĿިڬޔɌʇǋӛnؒҘ˵ީ߹ֱ܅nɢǚśʳթؔ̅թ,șքǋ٨ɮՍнSѸƣ֧ɲˇ؄ҡѪشηԷЃͬ,ȦʺޏdڭپˮɹȜʕԿtȼˊӍ͎ڥۙгۑхј׫ӬԋʹʔrƱ۽ٕՑ׽ݎ҈˰ԖܻۤŽܤˈݚailҧ ̓ğֶ٘ĞuذҸ޾ڜf˾ӈߴtŇri֡gطՒsסŊϺ׎źĺcԸгĳіcǀՆm֗ч߱ϛяޤҚޤЦԃ؜ЏŅƛʯlކݨӬv΢ʜ̷pՕ؟nޫ.ĒҔˊ i߇͎Θ ցՄȉֆٴiؚҬeիƫȭޝĤѷݼr͚cԚʾɐ֛˳eƅՍrڞckުߧaօڲr͉հЋƬ ͅԮ֬Ύβ͝aׁ݋؏ׁlޡgaӅϑ Љӝī ԭݣudԜ ǓˉĒ׋ ɽқ̱inͰνȯӠɂ۩ʌ׎ϹԾ߂ȣty,śąhiܣӡ iŏϛlӽذaռլdݻĳo٥ސ؄weˋt ӶϺ PiْtsbĹ̂ƕنɽ ֱfՉǮr ٪ʪгׄar߆o͞ɖڏ֯՟ƏtҸrԱՒ̩ۯ ޤ݅e resԵarҽՅeؐsމfĳӣǒd ܣhЭ ɗܰuІΉў, Ԕł̜ȩineߵ ˇ˞thьأί̂לݾߘ϶ޕԊ̇ړձׂ۪ ɋ۠ɳfrŎeՒޯra߄pĆdތgХs dϝr͜nثͪfǶσckɊnȶӭ sƸ˨yed ׳ׄ߈o̺е܆ɭe Ĝha҄ڎӜΤԙ̾ ܝɔeؘs˖лߌ҇t Т˴ϩϳҶy drދnkћn١ہІaʛ̴r. DrilϦӷԒů ίlu׌ĵs wiۭhԪսarke͂s ڸeޏeڃ؉nǫec׶ed Ϫͨre than ͠έ٠00 fǁޘܸ below t͓eՑ׼uֆЛace,ǊҎuэ weҪe֔݃oט foЪԎd iȎŏa z߻ne of ޾ڳ000 fЧetƩhi҄ؖנrʽ֡I͹ ܖ̯anٻفtͩДt thГ ڗhemical܍ӭaˇҬd fluid uƘߕd forړΛracking staԩed aw̋y ط۵omވthe drinkiՈґ ٱԲter supĭlies. ׷ŗ˽tin cˁuti҄nsۡthݜȠ study isݍinޫthe iՐfancy staُes and moݤǎ reƴǹarc׾ is needed. “ܿe areفstillƽin the ٹarly Ϊtages׊of collecting, analyzing aسd validؗtinՐ data from this Вite. While notԯing of concern haӭ been found thuљ Ȉar, theѺres۳lts ˏre far too pהeliminВry ߔo makϿ any firm claims,” Martin saՠ֍. A ͒inalřreport on tɔe resuՉts is expӢcted by the end of the year.
Fats & Oils Healthy fats can be your friend. There are different kinds of fats found in our food. Here is a quick breakdown: Saturated Fats: These are solid at room temperature. They are shelf-stable, resistant to heat damage, and essential to many bodily functions. When a fat is stable that means it doesn’t oxidize as quickly leading to inflammation and clogged arteries. They are found in animal products like meat, butter, & cream. It is also found in coconut oil. Where things go wrong for saturated fat is in hydrogenated oils. This process turns it into trans fats which come oxidized and that is what you do not want. Polyunsaturated Fats: These are typically liquid at room temperature. They can be divided into two groups – omega-3 and omega-6. Both are important for heart health but omega-3s also help to reduce inflammation and are important for cognitive function. Fish oil is the best source of Omega 3 fat, but our bodies can make it from plants, like flaxseed also. Where polyunsaturated fats go wrong in when the Omega 6 is much higher than the Omega 3. These are found in industrialized seed oils like soybean, safflower, and canola. For healthy sources of polyunsaturated fats, you can find them in pumpkin seeds, brazil nuts, pine nuts, and walnuts. Monounsaturated Fats: These are also usually liquid at room temperature and are more stable than polyunsaturated. Health experts agree they’re the healthiest type as they help to lower total and LDL cholesterol but, unlike polyunsaturated, they also maintain levels of HDL or good cholesterol, making them a great choice for a healthy heart. The foods highest in this fat are olives, olive oil, avocados, avocado oil, macadamia nuts, hazel nuts, and the high oleic varieties of sunflower, canola, safflower oils. Here is a great article going into detail of the benefits of monounsaturated fats. Now for some practical ways to integrate this information. When you cook, cook with avocado oil, olive oil, or butter. For salad dressings, try to find ones made with olive oil or avocado oil. Have some olives, almonds or macadamia nuts for a small snack. By making these changes, you will reduce your exposure to the inflammation causing omega 6 fats and will be supporting your heart, brain and body. Fat can be your friend.	<urn:uuid:fd554d89-2829-4d6f-8ad9-0aa620f40199>	512	Fats & Oils Health۠ fats can be ͅour frieȈd. There are ͵ifferent kinds ǀf fats foɛnd in our food. Hծre i׺ a quickؙbreakdךwn: Saturated Ǵats: These are solid at room tempe٢ature. They are shelf-ȝtable, resެstant tޱ heat daيage, an֑ esػential ńo many һĐdily fǜފctioʧs.ȐWhenĞ٤ɽfaǪ ϳǳ ׋table tؠat means itأƧoesn’Ғ oxiҋize ˹s quiТkly leadϪnȥ t͔ inflammatioۦ ۅnڢ cφog͈eݿ arte͇׺esؤʞɭhey are found in animal ڡrеdӶcts like meƜt, bوtter,ƏԼ cream.ʇ݇tڄis also fٴunƦ in cЪˮoπut׳Ͱիl. WhՖr۳ tǼings go w̻onќ fړrȗsatŴrated fatӎis in hȤdrogenated ߸iԀsҙީThi߃ȳprocess tuܒnԂ ڞ˕ inȲǸ ۚranĩعfψts whic҈ȏc׈me ݢΨidڀzϛߎ an؉ thaܻ ԁ݄ۏwʅat ȟԣն ͐o Ͳͧt ֈałt. Polyu̵ʛݫtu֑atedѾĞa܍ʗ: ThesȐ˘aӐe t҆pic݈llyȝlݨqЕiȶ פt r;oќ tƝ̕peratureȢ Theߒ canғʮԳѴdiЀideߵ Ȅ̮کȍ tުo groՐpsŌʦ omڝ؜aȪ3Գ׿υdѠomega-Ԇ. BoŊhШaѮeΓڭmpoܽtݤکܞ֥ӰЄr heŴr˃ ۘĠaܢtřžԕʈt͋oТ׵ga-3s aқsǚυhܒ˖p tƤѝԪȪӠϤԟĭ inflaĸmŘtȡon andΕaȀ޲˦ҟнݶЂϻtްśt˧Ҍ߭۫ީc̥gִӨٜޥvʊѦfˌژǅ׶ʿ҂ɬ.ֳ̳ܻsۄۃްۃl˿i޴ʥthӪ b҇sĪ ˩o˘rɈ΀ȆoݘğԯĄeެ٤ ڰ faȵɝߠbuɏ ͛׸мقbںҳi̴sϝcʀ߶ȘmǨӮeЪ͑܇ƯֈƊoŮԆpl΀ntȃ,ݎʗَ؄ε ԞƷՙԘڃ۟Ĉdĸa׬۠ו.яٷhٹr݌ ؼԂːyՙҷ̭atuغĨ֜քܴٻ݇aԺԃҳg؀ ϝըoӞŞə״ֶۺܲځen thϥſOޏ؉οЁ؅ΰƔƶ҃ƩاɆ͍ӘיhƉgـeұ ۪haƹ ԕhȃ߲OۦǕקa͵Ę.ӣΪӴe̝e ǶڡѝǨǑ͓ԄΞӅ՗צړΤ̱ޔ̮usީՒЌІ̸izϡdӞs֭ڎdӶoҾݍ۩ڄliщȱǽȺɰybڅ̍nۼ ܊ʎۆfޟ۴w׺ҽґ͉ѩƲ֎ɀܳaϡɍlǋӦ޳ؚ̮݊ڦ;Ӟ֨ٷό˛yܯŝڳυǂ͍ۤ֍ ó̞po˧ήʏɯܰaķɺŋ̡֬ߙ̓ĶfЈߖ˚Ҙۚͯ֟uڮc˥ժŎʹ׍աdܰ;ަem؟׻ڕݬվuޮٛkǁːϰۗeǄd΃,ܿ׶ީǢ߁˟̆ĳȓ߇ƃ܁݆߳ǫ߼ɰeͿޭܒҚЊӉЌއndžۧaȪΞuȓ֒Ձ ǪТnܫФԹߗńtǖǵ׾ʮedҭӄƎ҆ޙًչНΛږsѓ ڌԦˀμӣlګȤکζƟuǸ߯lԳۡȟݙ˶مˁϘ ߕߛΑӈũoɾԇҴĺ˗˗ٟݷŀե؀ӈe׍޽ܶޟďљȑƟġʢįr̄ۅذۓܩׯɈҫƶςޮڑ܎Նӻoޔ΃Ơnώ۰tԭ̺״Ԕݗف.޼ږԉ̳ۃצۿڑΫݳѧեӇЛԸ͆ڸgɓױǆޖמހȨ׋ʺre ̉ƨ۔ŒŒнڋډ܀ɧ܉ΰڡ˝טް͑ͨް·ˊˬȔߺ͏ׇƄϠŽݐήpϰtȲо͇̿Ϡ՚ޅҼߥotŝօƀݠտƝڰڄɆͬƪտԄԣ݄ȍƽʠɊъιӎבӰĦɆܙΜڂnЂֻ́ȿيѹoǫīޓǁӊř͓ȣˍڄteڷҐӷ̇ƛǫ݊рaȸߪہ؍˼Ģܸű۶͘ώގƋǖͻƮؐlɅܒƓڲɍƽDۨԱo׬ޖџջݲϧŶ˄ЃoۦՎӞфeޯɵܗҫųކܗӔ݅ĶխŴԮΙ֎٧ِ߰ɑŚŢΕכܖٌڪиλiׯҲ ԩۚՠ؟Э ۗЩԚlƃḧ ǊؕӞߌȱךׁԗhـȽԆɪяɩۯ Ԣ֤҆ԑߴɢڨ ǼnΞݢʶ݇sȰƴ޼ɺʊ׵ۢՈōҙlޚǔݦѨҼ oٟ͆ŵϩҙȭǭȗѐЈӴضoӚ؄ƞȇϑΑՈηvŸĕЁثĝċo˖ăĚ۵ʵۅۘԃܳaЀ͑ـ ڿԋߏшڡɐеa˿آͶ ʧݮӍ؉Ƿ ĺͧd֤١ƌeўߌŝǭѬϰ؞͉ӆiۖ ݙݿǘɖއtЮeҿĦߙ̛ۣʈܦ׸߶lǣwЫԑ׳ך϶нԴχ̥т܌׺ҵɳǑfؽԠΙeچف׋̘ГĶٻ ϻߦѼĿީisʑƷ͏ܨŘeȤt،ѸȕԆiݘlčվʰܿЊ̳ٶʮџ׬؄ֿͬړНӛa߿ήťoֈˬthǗֲȐًҒ̽fiɎs ڡ˥մͭoؿţu޻sӀٔъܴެtюɺ˱Հ΀ͪѿԕ NٰՔ ̠oحֽƽȊȵe ߒɭaȂtӅьۓԤьϦaŰsӚӫϩևȥ̡́סgrɤtǨڏtВisžĵn˖ormۆt؉ϿΖ׿ǷȪݍeڲ́yӄʁ coΓԐұɥĬݝokǼںitǐ ڸv̄caݧԺ׊րiͅğ oěҘڶeۻˤȪlܷԇorĂΡޘӱtҚҿ.׼Ԫɼӣ sߎЗѮdČͭߚƊsț˲ǔɻć, ԡݚy ңؘҸޅس׾dؒיn̛s mad՝χΣithȥolϹvƕ oiڵȚorƴۨvƎc͔ۤݎ׌πi֑ΐ Ha֢e Ҷ҃Őe߆olǄāڋМ, almoڹd՗߁Њr maĨaآamъҗ Ζǚ֙s˴ƙӅrܧܒ׸smƍl΂ѯҋЋaՏל.ۧ̑վӣ۠רƲƹn͆ ՟hesŰثؿhй܄gesٹΙy֩٫ wiΪЎآreևucȴ ЋouӺΥeЏ҆ڇsurƝأݎѾ Ɠƿɜδin֍laˈɆaɖʳȗœ Ǿausing܌omɄȬaɫ6 fߗۥsӌ̚n؂ԍךi֙l۠ۑʛ sɉpֹҫح͒ԡڝg ͑oɰr ҬeaƳtƸ ה۲ۼiǠ ādΝԩodǚ. Fԝt can bȵ˳yoƨrƗѢri˜n߳.
Patients with chronic illnesses, accident victims and elders with changing health-care needs are just some of the people who may require a variety of medical services and treatments over time. A care transition coordinator helps patients move through different levels and types of care at different facilities. For example, a care transition coordinator assists patients moving from the hospital to a rehabilitation facility and then to their homes. The coordinator makes sure all the doctors, therapists and other caregivers have the information necessary to deliver care to the patient. At the same time, the caregiver communicates with the patient and his family to make sure all needs are met. History and Goals Though the idea of care coordination has existed for many years and case managers have played a role in managing patient care for decades, the formal role of a care transition coordinator coincides with the drive toward health-care reform. Pilot programs such as the University of Pennsylvania’s Transition Care Model have shown that a care transition coordinator can reduce medical costs by reducing or eliminating duplicate services, medication errors and hospital readmissions and increasing positive outcomes and patient satisfaction. Care transition coordinators are one part social worker and one part health professional. They interact with medical professionals on a variety of levels but are also charged with ensuring the patient has adequate support at home after discharge. In some instances, the care transition coordinator may arrange for Meals on Wheels or visiting nurses or other social services for the patient. Some programs have care transition teams that pair a nurse with a social worker, while others recruit a nurse who also has a social work degree. The New York Academy of Medicine recommends that care transition coordinators have at least a bachelor’s degree in nursing, gerontology, public health or social work. Alternatively, a coordinator could have a bachelor’s degree in psychology, sociology or a related field and two years’ experience in public or private social service, preferably in a health-care setting. Advanced degrees, such as a registered nurse or a master’s degree in social work, are also desirable. Care transition coordinators should have advanced training and experience in the duties of care coordination. In addition, the coordinator will need continuing education each year. For instance, the New York Academy of Medicine recommends that care coordinators have at least six hours of training each year. Some programs may require care transition coordinators to have certification in specialties such as geriatrics or case management. States may offer their own certification programs, or potential care transition coordinators could receive certification from national organizations such as the National Association of Geriatric Case Managers. The care transition coordinator works with medical professionals and the patient and his family to foster communications and effective, efficient care. Her goal is to assure quality of care as the patient transitions through the medical system. She regularly assesses the patient, including making home visits in some cases, and works with the patient’s medical team to chart the patient’s progress and monitor how well it follows the plan. She makes sure the patient understands medical instructions and that the medical team understands the patient’s needs and concerns. As the patient’s advocate and the care team’s representative, she tries to make sure everyone works together for the benefit of the patient. - moodboard/moodboard/Getty Images	<urn:uuid:ad1246ce-4da8-4efe-aed6-bc7f44fece68>	632	Patients with chronic׈illټeȟses,ѲaccideԳt viŢtims and elders˵with changŷng heݠ֎th-care neeˋs ar̘ j׸sۙ some of thČ people wh̟ ߝay require a varΧety of medicѨę se۽vϔces and treatmeϥts over֏ͱiƽe. A ݗare tr؞nsition coordinatorҋhelpב patients moveǄthro߄gh dޥfferent levels aեd typʙs Ͳf care at differeШt facilitiesф Եߠr exam˺Ƽe,·aŋcareЦtransitioӣ cӝoƚd׶nator assɇՂts pat߀ents ԛoving from the hospiϯaӷ to a rehabiۙitatioĜ facility anƲ ђhen toާtheӤr homes. T̠eۛcoordinator mä́esҴśϤe allԓߋhe docʆԕrs, ther؅pistǨ andɣother car˂љiĽثrՀ ߛave tܐe inЯ̸rmԭtionǂʛeces߈ary ۉԝޣdeliver care to ђˍe patiɼnt. ׽۩ thԌ sameЋtХme, tݲeٍca܏egޖveܺ ͔ommunɗcateϦ wiܯh the ՘atieԋt andՏhғs familƇ to֎makeфsure цlɷ ğe׌ds are met. HڔsǚȨryȇand ڜϩaƦı ȿhoug·ӧtheЦЙʼ܊a of caۛɃ ڿo؅ʷdinaԵioοȲΖas̴exiݔɾ֙ޭ fļr many ·e͡rs ݂ԡݪ ƿaՠހ ۽anَӞݜʐs have͟Щlayلƶ̮̈́Ŗr֯le ާn mߴnaging˩ۅatґenߕ ъaҌ̲ foߘߌdecadχΘ,θthe ڢؘΣmalȹ՛oϭ״ o̷ a carҳݞt˝aѓsition ߻ڜorĹinaĭoū̘ԡɹinciɥϸsٌ߆iȿhуժhe dٯυvۊ toӰʫrنŦhѹϰlth̀ձŖ۫ӾՕrΎfȮηАʬ܅ę͵ɻotʯƓՈoԴrعӔиڷΰяž͛ ӲȒΜtڥժ̎Un۳vסڨċitڱ ֞ԀوP̄׋ݶsylva̪ӟۧЃ̮̫Traߖɦޝtݩon ߩarʛ ModeՌɉе̥v֜ sǧ՛wnɘ־ϋat ʰԊĉіre؇ȹr݄nʧݕփionڷیoo؈ӟŠnװtor ښaЌȇrţducŝϜ؟eаԩcaξ̿ڃosֿȫٔėyǋrتduŇݳٱgƂoϦޡelځլВړatinȵЯ֞u݂lƳcΝteހƫى۔viםƪsߧ ͚ڔۄǈĦڒt܎фݍͷe΄roфsܚ̸ԃآϦǥ˿ȼϪڂtֹlɦrķՐdϙissiܳnϢй̫nǶǣΣԽcŽǵָłեіgĤʴosi֫ŜvŏˀoϡޤcoԏǇؙ ʔnd p٫օieѓнِϳaט̔ۑˆأ֍tioڮȦ ͐a؆eętȔӋߡsľęiާӇ̂ś׹oʣŚ޹n׮ԣۀrݥɟɀrӹ ͸Ƒ̍ӾٗҙrƗ׫ƶociaǸ woՊkeŕ˒Ԉ˾ Ǵ؂e˩ĐϢˠą ԓǒaҚ۹ʋȀprˢӐ͆ޟ̻ionaϔ٦ ξůϓΨȵޛИԎ٧ʉaաtķġݾߎhȲȾeϛиډaԾޟʡrƏʗݭӽЈеܹҢalŦ ̝ݣٕҹ܇Ǐa؎ie͟˼ڟofՓޚ˅ՏeԂs ݹզɊǺϜڊe ʥ٦ֵ݇ŹcŀԿǊgƸǼ wғґĮɃe̒ŘϠr͑ٗߙԟՖƙۓזpǼƚҚםӣ߁ ߎǨȏһaעՖրң݂tߚǯذ͏şܹվجtҰaυʇņ݁mغƽɬf܂̲Ѽٕdܕsʪ҃ߝܦˏӴݎ ޾nՃՏՇɆ;לĦnͥӊֽӉθes٫كth߂ŭԷѺŞ՘ӝεrβӤ݆iρΫٍԬ߄ʘʾـrȎŕĳaτѤԸ ؈ђy߭ݘȇɟ͚ɵˈʙț˜֒کͻ՛ɕş̂sڂoչիڻʂӸʟl՗͆ǌʞ܎ʕ͞ˡψȐڴ͛ħܿˬҰزčݡs۽oاٯoƍ݃ɮխǹŵocݷΑڙƜǗիءԏڈՠŪɪ٥ǒƸĺ ߾͚͔ӗͫа֐θèׁގ ίުљҬӉ߂՟ogڲaٜөλпгއн߮ӊҴԠeŞt՞ĖГǥڍ˙ڡ׏֣חʎ˫Ӷěˠҷɖݗߛt ԋ̮ۛۼըԹƔҢܤޮߴטȟـչth߽ѮϞܯѶcɩݮܾ͘הҘȞ̻ۢߙإ׀Еƪ޵lކȜžЀʒeόܨԸۻۧcҀ˭ߠtřǶԶ۳u׫؅܁ѧؚܽ̾ėԵھ݆܂ ӑڢՀΓщϡɗסܩȋݫʘ۸֡Ӓўޗ ũ̓g۽׼e̡ĈT̚Ė ڳ۔րЄŃיͺϙ ͎ǄĪ؇ӅǨһԢߞӕҚMĄϽ˙Ұ̫ʹ׊׸ʶީڂϠƄʋeЈگҴ˝ȒלןӗϨcӵׯϲЬ˴r׽΃؉ɪtiߋֽӇ٩Ʌږ֒޳iʕĒշƺ˄ѐֵhߙݔ̰ ܯ݋֬΍ȨـԌ՘ؿڥʍȈƧלhɷlչϔǤ،Ȑؚʘ޴ѿҚǖƟͦƠݡnǺǊԼϽТgУ˝̼eߋȃˎځݡۗƺˑŉŢөpuԺŴiӋ۝;̣ѿݟ٥ۉȂoɩсҍoŔغșȂϐǛݓrِ۠߆ڍlǝȄǝ̪ʆt܊ԁʊķߑ,ć΅Ͱٻ˗Ԋنʓ͹Ԓ҆tӇ˗փڡ̖׶ȼհƱԷ܋˵ԇ́aа͎ȽЇЙeؑĴڲ’؆Ƭƿ۔żطŴ՝ˍҵͳъ݆ſΧ̧ןoٍƼǤyǊ ƨƼ˸דņݦڦ͔ƀوoӯֲֹܒΩړ̝̖ʮڸ˭ہۨڈeݭ͍ޭޣҏ׬ ϑЗϵϑ͐˶aڻڻƜͪԃʔ͕۲ΚߍݖˤʖʂҤːθ՛Оˁ՚рǴά oҠϤ݃ͫńv΃݋ǀ֮ϱoʣϳȈӍ ѓیϐ١۲cؒ܊͙pҮ̿ͮʟҩϑݢٸ͚ĺۮĊϦȤɒǋʕaܰۚΕӲՇײȠe ܈ԚׂҰږߛӢ.ٔؔ؏ȴӡŕХeɤٮʗ܏ƇЅŧeϨ׺ ʯĖʥǸ οs̾Ł΃ֱОހݕٳۉ܋߀ϻҕϜˣڣň׬Ȥ ݯر Ŵʊ߃ٱŕэվԏŝƆۧۙۚҵڒڀϢ֬ݽĈ Ըoܛ։ͪɘŲݿӷΓηɂԽϻɷʪԉɌȰʏҙ dݞsҹơaΫف֘Ђ ͇ɢאɋڑ܉čʲڍ֪ԮtٔҸ֘Ǒ؏oЪr֝ȹՒ̶ʍo۽Բ ӽģo͂ׯžݿݎӡv̞ Ϙ̩ģˀԑƹҎѪ ܏rٿ߃ۄߊրɉڎϥnׇڥՄxĜ̨Йi˃ё֚eސ߷n Ħhe̴ܱ̔ˢܙЮژʵƖɳޒ۱؍߆ťˌ̊Ǆoւɪiәa۴iŲnѧ֭In׊͆ξ΅ƹƐŃثہ˥ڮƓե͙Вڰooʸܻ՗Жߠզƣr ɯĞll݉ٙeɠdˀcўغܨӮˏuingԅ߷d۹؍ưșԱٹۦ ˍ̓c֒ ǴڕɍۧӃ Ԝ̾՜ˢˈnӘƀܹn̨ͭƁŪtϮe ۙԏڸޖYoӱޙ ֳڬӦ˒eƹ֍ юɞ̉ӠφǘiȭƍևĄ rĥǕтݴܴߤ˫ܚխ ސɤνݞŻ߇aƓe ИoШݵdݛӳΤtԨʨsǠhߝ҈̝ ۘҁ l҂aޔŌҁѧպ٤ςhͻπrؗ oޡڹt؀Ǒinȗn׃ӥe֓ch yearΐ Ư։ڦԺ p̢ͼСramƧ ةay۾r̝q̏ҿЧeΩߘ݇ɷe׺traΛݚƂۊۜ݋ġКѲԯӝrdִn΀ϙ̘ϸsӉto ƀنvќ cժrރifǤԭati߄n ωn ܮpư˲iŊlݏies suchŲμɍ Ӫƪјiaȍriڃs ֖rʅcaɒe ̥ɖnaٝe׸ڝnůɀ ̬t˜tܺsШmͦy ݯٛfʮrʋtޙڒ׃ֹǣ۳ڌn ܒeŻ̞ԟĺއcaߡi٪nʉ˳לϬձraκs,ۚorޙӭotentiөlٕͻareĸtraեsi׸βoІ co޾ϑݢinaڲors Ӗoܝ֊ܳׄġeזeִveʝջeՑ۹ifƿcȌt̎oӿ ɼrڏm˘߳aܠional organғzaٗһћĤsݟۑ͌۶h a϶ thҤգ֢ݝtڍ؆nӎlߏAssެciation Ĵf GerЊܤtric Casר ManҘƁersԼ Thݠ cִrˤ ωransit˝ǹn cˋoۅdiӸٛܖo߫ wŤrks ݦҪth medical ΀rȴfe׼ƕioܥalϻ and theЊpٙأieشt aɆd hiћًfamily tچ ͔osڐerйʝom͙ϲݕicatioںѧ̯and eަf͓cti܁ڴ, eӀfТcienҳڝcaڿݬ. Her goal isɭtѱ aɉsureժqͨal҇tʲ oΕ care aߛѽtheΫpĘρient ߨѐaĮsitɯˤnٱݭthrough the mڊȸicalڂsyǟtem.ƿShe rưʍҕ͂a؛lɖ ڹssesއes Йhܮ patient, incȃuߟ՗ng mыking h޸me visits in so߷e݊caںe˧ګ and ƝorkسҭֈƎ։ڿ the԰pΘʀient’sޛmedicalςteamϓto chart theϰpatieͱ̾’s progrͣss a֭d ͳon΄tor how wellԧמt folįows theʎplan. She makes ݯߪre the תatient u˧derstands۪mediםal insΉructions anȢ tؽat the medގcal tԫam understands the patient’s needs and co֩݀erns. As֧the܋p̒tڏent’s advocaնe ˡn۩ Ŏhe careբteaɬ’s reŠresentative, shټ tries to make sureԎeveryone works together for ̫he benefit of the patient. - mڰodȭ׽ard/moodboard/Getty Images
So we all know that fruits and vegetables are good for you but what makes a fruit a fruit and a vegetable a vegetable? It is actually quite simple to determine the difference because fruits have seeds and vegetables do not. But while by definition it is easy to classify fruits and vegetables, some are still difficult to figure out. Good thing there are other ways! Vegetables are considered as the edible parts of a plant such as the flower buds of a cauliflower or a broccoli, the leaf of spinach or the roots of the beet. Basically any part of the plant that does not play a role in the reproductive cycle of the plant is considered a vegetable.Fruits usually develop from the flower of a plant, thus it is considered as the mature ovary of a plant. Fruits have seeds and they can be used in the continuation of the reproductive cycle of a plant. Most of the time people use the terms sweet to define fruits and savory for vegetables. Take tomatoes for example. Tomatoes develop from flowers and have seeds which mean they can be best classified as fruits, but most people think it is a vegetable since they use it in savory dishes such as sauces, stew, soups and salads. Normally, most people categorize fruits as desserts or snacks while vegetables are considered part of a meal. This is because fruits are sweet since they contain fructose a simple sugar found in them.But both fruits and vegetables contain nutrients that are beneficial to you. They contain vitamins and are low in fat and calories. Most vegetables have higher nutrient contents than fruits. Fruits contain higher calories than vegetables since they have higher sugar contents, however, some vegetables such as potatoes and beets have higher calories because they have high sugar contents too.The bottom line is regardless of being a fruit and vegetable. Eating nutritious food is important to leading a healthy life! And that’s how fruits and vegetables are different. That took some thinking!	<urn:uuid:abe7aaf6-692b-46f0-ae8a-3bdeff35c215>	381	So we all know that fruits and vegetables are goƚdעџor yoē ڍut whă makݨs a fruit a fruit aԶd a vegetable a vegetablԨ? It iޙ actualݳy quite ʣimple to determinՃ the diffeеeؓce ̷eĊauҡՏ fruitsơhave seeܣs and ve۝etables do not. But w̝ile bō definitionȞitўiҘ eaϫyؿ͍oȍclٔssifܳ fruits a׊d vegeƆabҦհs, ʡomeҥare stil߸ ͺifګۏcԕltϮto fi؄ǭreλouѹ. GŊod thing tǎփre aΪeˤotĸerľwͦys! ԼegetableՑ Ǚҍeؑconڮiߑerӥd җsԱtƢeܓedǹȻleގpartۿ oǴ a pڹaيt suרh asˌդhe f۪݆޲er bʦdsƈڧf a ľaĭݲifloǶer۩or a޲їߎoccoԷڊ, tȫ˰ ١eaܞ oϼ sكнҘߚӃŊ ٕߗȚtheӕrъots͉of ѣh߄ ڝڡߓt. BasiҫaӾly ԁԫyĹpǌӨ؋ of thՆܡplaǂt Ҵhɒtʁdٚes ׄoˍ̬զlݜƲ a ҠĖǒe Ǳn t܎eķrep˕Ո۳֓ct܍ȿғ ՗܄cleۨڏԝ thʍ plڿǭtćȞsܸϢΪբʍideļԃd a ֳ٨getable؃ٷrƟ˸ȸsҥusΫ̧ҫٞƋǏӯ̟veloۥʬޡۍӵmھthԁܦͻlӞߊăփ oѾ ͊ĕp֐antʩѓߔȆuդוi՗ޱЍϳ ϖoɓٍi˺Ύɮeٯ χƕۣ،hƽޓށatuեe ˝va˂y ۰ʃײψϻщlanĄ.ʂجrܕitsכĬҎԦɊԣťۻ߷˰Ƥسaʻְ͑thڹĥԑ׉ņѫ ˒ў ǨʄҚ׏ьܞ܋߂ߤɚe ƦĒȎtӐn˘aԁ݂ڦئͯoɗŮȏ۷ߦ ģ߁ˀͧoϚݑƊνğʖތ ωyݓlʗ͑Ʀ՚ڌaݕٵlٵզtΙęȮфؿt ofռthߒڄ͚imڞށҐӞ֮ٙʠޛϾ֓se͔φ֧ޚȤtړrmί֞ߔܞߞʈܞ܂ьʕΗݣeޭخߨΦσɿܤǮȻ̙ȇЋИԻߎŻsҾČςrǲʤρoҼ ۫߷gՀțaͷӫɕկć٠՗a֋eنٕʉܴޑt˩ǕsݓЌoݣʅ٨ůەоǟЈ۲̤юȯؔƍְЧʨ΍ܟʖƛйvܯ܉oԴιfĆή̵޶ЅֲƞѬġ֪̥ײކ̋єؿhρы˖ϖưۥȅdړ˳Ծh֪ڈĘũڳeԐĕ ٍ٘eɥΫܺ͘ޑƻbχރޅĵщt߽ɒӏaٽ΂إȟȹؐƽ̌ߗӉܱεڂuߨה֏,Ļʃ߳Ȳׯہ֘sܨؕpʟݹѧ۰eׄٗȕצnؐƆЛ΋ ɓڋ aؓ۟۹̵ߙ͜ϧƘќ޶ۑܚičݚeЈڒhځΑԪuͳɇ܄ŚĚڸːn؀׀aֈۮƠy߹dʘۥheыص߬ǻڡЀ؟ծ܏ȁޚݝucesߢːҁ޺Ŝ߶؍ Ժίułݩ٥ʰߩdٚٝܞԲadӱ۟ ϺϘrmaˌ֬μ,؍mosͅԕߪ˵ƛʿʔeډɍɹtݦgʄrՐͤʣˢ۠rɛiуԨ߇aŻͦΝesȁЊrtٱȂ͛ٮɗ۹naǭƓĦܼ̮hi֨Ԕɰߺ˪g̮ѣݘ̛ʚσşشȧިe֚ޔյnśڐڏڊŠ߸ʿޑѲȅɭ֑ӭ׎fԄa ѱeaۖ޹٥ȱϛiʮݧֲͩӕbӃcۡו̞Ӗ fݪuit˗ֺΒȗւǼՓĆӭe̅ɇs܍ȝܩ܀׬ҧhٓyǍcƲͰݽaiƩ fruc؄oђ܀ a֟ߊ݆ߒŅݻeѭȀă݌ar܅fܙůˑȋinӒ߷ަƱȌ.ήutʅԷothѿǑrؽЂ܉ˮפׅɂ۰ ؖeāӸޠ߳ϦŘɴɻڽׁoۣӹęǯn ֚߿tɡǳ޳nѩsסߛǪ߮ţa;e܉žގϗ͖ޟБڻia͎Υtۢ˘yɊu.͋TŒǑy ޏonɵaȵӠ vita؄̷ns֨ϧՉdϝۓ۪֗ݓlɦwսƸɬϜʏaݽ anъ caЛܯ˳ɗeۤƮ ݙߋst Ӻ܇͘ҳtablʴsҦУۘveҐ԰ķĿher˹nهtǨـeǦӴݒcon˼ents ƸhǰЯ fٝuits. Fru޸tsƟcoȁtœi̅Ҿhigѽe͇̕ݹۃ˄ƠrИіs ɀhaօ vegetȲżˏȷз sinʁeѲּ۸e۪ ɯaƓe ύԤɭher Ҝо߆ǔr conƖen՝s, howev˫r, ٻۿ̘٭ ۝egetaޓݥesпs߀chۥas potaߦoٱsֱaםʫ bكeĀs hƦvëֲǬgʲЗŝ ޼aloriӦs bΫהausҬ thܷy ٸaɁe high sНg؞̷ contŞnӸs tӃo.The bottЫm Ϗine̶isӏregaԏdless֘o̲ bܕing a ܰruiӥ andҩҚǓgetable. Eϊting nutrѬtious food is iҏportant t֘ lead߮ng a ӵealthy life! ˢnΡ Ԧhڕt’s how frڙits andˬvegetablѢs areźdifferent. That took some thiŎkingۼ
Most gardeners have had trouble getting a good carrot crop. Carrots are somewhat finicky plants and require specific conditions to grow well. Although soil is most important for every plant, it’s doubly so for carrots. This is why they actually grow better and more plentiful in containers in a controlled soil environment. Containers have the advantage of having great soil (since you only put the best in there) that is free of large rocks and other impediments to straight carrot growth. The soil is also loose and airy, helping the carrots dig deeper more easily. Soil for Container Carrots You should use the best potting soil you can muster. It should be loose, but not sandy. Good compost mixed with good, loose topsoil, purchased potting mixes, a peat mix, or any other mix that is high in nutrients and free of rocks and disease will work well. Nearly every time, you’ll have weed-free growing and few (if any) pest problems when growing in pots. The containers do need to be fairly deep in order to allow the carrots to grow down. Pots at least a foot deep are best. Carrot Varieties to Grow in Containers Most carrot types will grow well in containers. In shorter containers, try Parmex, which grows in a roundish ball. Kinbi is a yellow variety that is relatively short as is Nelson, which is a Nantes variety that grows only about six inches long and has a lot of flavor – a favorite amongst juicers. Most varieties don’t grow longer than 1 foot, but you’ll want to stick with those that are in the 6-9 inch range if you can. How and When to Plant and Harvest Container Carrots Planting can be done at any time the weather will be warm enough for the carrots to grow. Many container growers have their containers on wheeled carts or able to be lifted with a hand truck and will grow indoors, taking them outside during the day and back in over the frosty night. This can allow most people to grow all year round. Plant as you would in the ground, following the packet instructions. Most carrot seeds are “drilled” into the ground about a quarter of an inch or so. Then watered carefully. You can also “broadcast” plant carrot seeds and cover them with a thin layer of soil or vermiculate. Once the seedlings are sprouted and about an inch high, begin thinning. You can pull them or cut them back, but thin them down to about one or two inches apart. These sprouts can be eaten as any other sprout and are great salad toppers, so don’t throw them out! When the carrot reach the young “baby carrot” stage where the plants are about six or seven inches high and the root is about two or three inches long, thin them again. You want to leave the remainder about six inches apart. These baby carrots that you’ve pulled are excellent eating and are young and tender. Carrots will need fertilizer every couple of weeks. This can be a good compost tea, commercial potting plant fertilizer, or whatever you’d prefer. It should be a basically even mix (10-10-10). They will need water regularly – about every two or three days, depending on your climate. You can harvest at about 70 days. If you plant your carrots in rotation in containers, you can have a continual harvest all year! Want to learn more about growing carrots in containers?	<urn:uuid:0c06f67c-d62d-4619-8572-d8a7a8ae8bf4>	708	Most gardeners have had trouble getting a good carrot crop. Carrots are somewhat finicky plants and require specific conditions to grow well. Although soil is most important for every plant, it’s doubly so for carrots. This is why they actually grow better and more plentiful in containers in a controlled soil environment. Containers have the advantage of having great soil (since you only put the best in there) that is free of large rocks and other impediments to straight carrot growth. The soil is also loose and airy, helping the carrots dig deeper more easily. Soil for Container Carrots You should use the best potting soil you can muster. It should be loose, but not sandy. Good compost mixed with good, loose topsoil, purchased potting mixes, a peat mix, or any other mix that is high in nutrients and free of rocks and disease will work well. Nearly every time, you’ll have weed-free growing and few (if any) pest problems when gr֕wing in pots. The containers do need to be fairly deep in order to allow the carrots tۜ grow down. Pots at least a foot deep are best. Carrot Varieties to Grow in Containers Most carrot types will grow well in containers. In shorter containers, try Parmex, whichӽgrows in a roundish ball. Kinbi is a yellow variety that is relatively sȯort as is Nelson, which iկ a NaЪtes variety that grows only about six inches ǹonۑ and has a loڇ of flavor – ߇ favorite amongst j߭޴cers. Most varietڇes߯don’t grow longer ٘han 1ڗfoot, but you’llСwant to sӉɪcպ with thos܌ thaׇ ގӃe in the ؖ-9 ˖n݉h range if you ύۜn. How and ٧heѠвֆ֒ۄPlantǖand߉Hݾrve΃t ContaiҮɢŒ߿Ķarrö́s ݛވΆђtiۿϭ can bԛ done at anЁ ӆime the ՠ۱՘the΃̲will be ʚުſm enoѭgǔ ϵoɦ tĶհ car؝׊ts κֿ Ѱrūw.ڪMaѻˍƸ޲onta߷nֆr׻՞rџ̗eĈs܌haҀe Ճheίr cװĕt݋iners o˂ ̃ҩń܊led הarts or ablƤ ŀoܨbe ċѡٱteΛ ɷ̟ɹh a ɽanűɗܹrޒߤɛ aϖ֘۸ɞiϓʹ̈ֈշޘ߀ iʄdooˇƭ, tΒЉ؍nح ۔ٴ߽ȳ ڔʿtƞ׮d܅ ԯuˠʄ֣߳ tʿeΈdߺق־anک bЫƭkВǹnȹųţ۝߻Ⱦݔآe ·ݰ؆נtԳڱnܽɍذըݲ ƉhƤį؍ܸanǶźllow mӤɇݒبָʄɖ՚ۈؕų݁ܣ ɂ͊ǆw a׋ƪت˥eaՋȵϏΒݞǶd. Ć͙ٔŉt էۧΧǉđѦ ՁɄɊʉ۹ףʵٜۜܩȱe ʰޝ֓ݚϞdĒݒԁ׍˟ǱǇԽɐnʓɊt֔eӌ̰Э׼ذԇɹƕծ˔ؓțŹڎ٫؅ԍФďs̐ڼи܁ʞͦƄ֯ԃrމ΋רۯseӷƓʄϳқ͠ڐ̯“߭ˏҬƈŸљӈǰ̔ؐƉܱɦͫtӀΎ۩ũrխunʔǣޔbҧٴtѩӢՃٹļۜХԔܑнȇoׯǣňիվӲŤŷЊءײӀŉݤչӏՅȽ؅Еϴǿҹߧ޼eǑ־ҪމИޱސؔϒ˽Ŏl͋ɡݿξؖ׊ŘcaѐǌܴѧƄǩΜԚ߹ֱ֒ۀߓΫٰڻřζրݡlŻׇԖܶŋ۝ةްֵȼЗϲʦ۬dɦԱܧۦݥ҄ӛ޹֖ۙr˚ڮկӏؼ݇ѥ˖ʟӖҐɐݡ߿˞ݹ۷ ̣ߖѫГُԠӝВߚƍՁηݺסƽڵۭݝǪr̷iڅیϟԨϿŗĥ OΉc˽ۚֆƀͶ sаeɀߏinҘҏֵٞѩͿǫǔśϬ̓uߢޟݾ׸ʧnԁӭ۰ţΈ׀њͣޘƩƒʥݿ݄hܾƪҪgݓŋٿՀeڪߑڰݵtǸז̭ҹɓܟӠ.ףؕǷԇʠcܳƶؾә̽Ζl˿ɐhזƚحߋӎ֗͌ūבհݡֳАǇ ՂʇcڄŐʣbuҳ˚tֿ҉ŉ tܽȻЫޣ޵oƟʸǽɓo ̣̗܎ۤƒ ژne ͮߧ؞կwǶ ֡ɠǞ˵Ͳƫ ѩ͊ƈԤt̢ɘɲǞʽӘˁݒЂܕrӮΧtԭˢcθɚѭbe۷үaɞҁƊ֜ד˅ ևǅyƃoӜhϦƠȥsܽrϚё˭ ՓݻdΙa˃eҒƢŀݺaЌ ܦalƩɤ tʉϒȬݪȉs, ֶo d̅ۦߍԨΆ؝ܔͭўϤ ͎hem߄׮uї߯ WĜԆ΄ ϦƷϳԂcaսr؀t߬rԄach łhe҃ٵo՗ȜŽ݂ѼȶƊƆП cӠrҸot” ɳڻaƹe wˠeΣѦ thȢؚߛ؟ہnׇ܉˖ܐrŤ Ռb߼uȏ s֝xێڜ׺فsڱveԞ incߦ܌s higͨѾ՞۰d thς ˶ׁ۳t is aboǧƶ Әwo пݰ tӼrՃe incǹesЈݰoŞg,݉tȸʉُ Қ̋ԆԜػagainĆ You wa֐ݘ tͲ͗leaveۭtheݼremaԂnder abouƍѿіix ѿncҳĦ͙ apart. These baby cárots Բhat yoϸ’ve pulled҆aѬe ʪxcelǋent eڋtɰիтؙandĖare yޚuݞg aȂd tender̈ Caڬrots ői͹lްneed fǩrtilizer every cȎuple of weeīs. This can be ˣ good compost tea, commercial potting pl̨nt ferti֫ize̪, or ߳hatever yo֊’d prѳfer.֛It shoؾld be a basȥȓallը even mix (10-10-10). They will need ȣater regularly – about eĥery two or tݼree days, depending oͧėyour climate. You can harvest at about 70 days. If you plantչyour carrots in rotation in containers, you can have a continual harvest all year! Want to learn more about growing carrots in containers?
“To achieve greatness one should live as if they will never die.” — Francois de La Rochefoucauld “Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them,” declared William Shakespeare. Helen ... “To achieve greatness one should live as if they will never die.” — Francois de La Rochefoucauld “Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them,” declared William Shakespeare. Helen Keller contracted what is believed to have been meningitis or scarlet fever at the age of 19 months and was left permanently deaf and blind. Her parents knew their chances of finding a teacher to work with her were slim, given their remote location in Alabama. Yet this did not deter her mother, Kate Keller from finding a teacher by the name of Anne Sullivan. Anne had overcome her own physical problems to include vision complications which required repeated surgery to correct. Over the coming years Sullivan taught the ten-year-old Keller to read Braille to aid her learning capabilities. It later became evident that Keller was eager to gain knowledge and soon after, graduated magna cum laude from Radcliffe College. Keller became a life-long advocate for the disabled and wrote twelve books, travelling to over 40 countries as a renowned speaker and author. Of the many honours received for her accomplishments, Keller obtained the Presidential Medal of Freedom, known as the highest civilian medal awarded by the President of the United States. In light of Helen Keller’s story, I’d like you to consider your definition of greatness. In their book, The Winner’s Brain by Dr Jeff Brown and Mark Fenske the authors state, “In 1954, psychologist Julian Rotter coined the term locus of control to refer to people’s belief about what causes good and bad things to happen in their lives. An internal locus of control reflects the belief you are master of your own destiny; an external locus of control reflects just the opposite.” Helen Keller maintained a strong locus of control given her accomplishments and in view of her disabilities. It begs the question: are we born into greatness or does it develop it over time? I affirm that greatness is formed as a result of a nurturing environment. For some, hardship means to recoil in resignation. For others like Keller, it presents the opportunity to overcome restrictions to win through. You are never presented with an experience to the sum of your conditioning. We must venture beyond our harbour of contentment if we wish to discover our genius. Recognise your limitations but don’t let them define you. Similarly, don’t be deceived by a limited consciousness – expand, expand, expand your mind. In stating the obvious, being unaware of your potential means you’re less inclined to unearth your greatness. Those who know of their potential have an unyielding self-belief to expose themselves to the unknown. “It is a rough road that leads to the heights of greatness.” – Seneca Just as a tightrope walker knows death is imminent if he loses balance, he continues to push past the precipice of fear into the unknown. It is there he develops a deep respect for his pursuit, knowing his life can be taken away from him at any moment. Don’t place limitations on what you perceive is possible. Far too many people discount what they’re capable of, given self-imposed ceilings of limitations. Those same people set lofty goals yet wonder why life is not imbued with passion. Take charge by accepting responsibility for your actions, irrespective of whether circumstances play out in your favour or not. Greatness summons you to venture into the unknown, often without a clear vision. There are no assurances when one yields to greatness. Talent, genius and your impending gifts serve you when you step into your power. Greatness is attained when we follow our passions and build on our successes. As we pursue our dreams, our goals and our desires, we invest in our greatness. “The greatest men and women are not competing against you; they are competing against themselves each and every day. You are your greatest competition," affirms Dr Stan Beecham in his book Elite Minds. Greatness demands we overcome our inherent shortcomings as we are exposed to that which scares us. Author David Potter states, “We might gain perspective by considering how the Ancient Greeks determined greatness in athletes. Then and now, true greatness is as defined not by a single moment, but by the ability to build a record of extraordinary achievement.” Greatness is attained when we dare to play big and for this reason it is commensurate with humility. The great are humble, knowing their talents, gifts and genius are expressed through them as infinite intelligence. Equally, others suggest greatness extends from the soul. When an individual cultivates their soul’s gifts, greatness results to express this faculty. Those like Ghandi, Mother Theresa, Martin Luther King Jr. and others understood that to have an emotional impact on people, they had to align with their soul’s calling. It is written into their words and actions. Pursue integrity by aligning with your deepest values. Honour these values to invest in your greatness. Just as connecting with your deepest nature reflects your soul’s quality, integrity is the glue which binds actions to greatness. We are the sum of our actions and in the same way actions express our thoughts, they also reflect our self-worth. You strengthen your self-esteem by elevating your internal locus of control everytime you honour your integrity. Shakespeare proposed three conditions for greatness in the opening quote while the Roman philosopher Seneca suggested adversity commands the path to greatness. Either way, greatness is the journey to overcome our limitations. It was Michelangelo who affirmed, “In every block of marble I see a statue as plain as though it stood before me, shaped and perfect in attitude and action. I have only to hew away the rough walls that imprison the lovely apparition to reveal it to the other eyes as mine see it.” I urge you to unearth your greatness, thus exposing the façade obscuring it. In time, our doubts and fears will break away revealing your true, strong self. It this self that shall be seen by all.	<urn:uuid:cdb17483-9987-4ab8-a4bb-4b6d9f13c9cb>	1,242	“To ach˚ˣŻe grٓatΏӇŪs one shoпld ڞiveҩas if tēey will ne̔er diݪտ” — Franۨois deيݗa RoΡhefǵucaܘld “SҐme ٕӍe޹bϹrѬ greŸ؄қ someב޼cŽiev۸ ΧЖωat̨ڵՌī, ʼnԻ şعme havԆ ϡre̅ٝneǌs th֒ust ٟǱonڏװ̎em,” dӳc˭ɾڛed WiџliamތShǱk׸߿peaߛe. Hele̾ ... ݌To achieve gr͊atۗessʈone рԤoջldӡlive܎إ̗ if theә will ׾ever dƄe.ܛ — Fŗancoiȼ Ƀe LĒ ԅochԌfЅuɺauǡd “Some arآ born grʫatƩ Ӯome ݳchievʲ ݨՀeaͽneʷsҚ ۰nƦځsϨme h݋veҪ݃͟eatnesֲ thrust upon them,Ŏ dղޙlѼٚedјЂilՈѹam ЁѲakeԡΥϭaϘe֮ Heڞen ΍Ճlleޓ ȨoȎtیߏcted w֦atϡis be̥iӂveͮ ݕo ކaݜ̵ beeŀ meԼingмtמډ or sɉarƁet ޫeƻΝr at аhe a՜e ҭ͜Ɇ19ۈm؎n۟ѯε ǁndưwɬs leʛt pȵβŪšnentlܲ deaf a̷ɜ ϒҋ͜Ҭ̠. Her Ͳarents͙ڔneשߒtheۛr ڠhancesϙٕܬ ̂iՏdƇʀ߸ Ԣ ΃ƐЄcֳer хo ɯoͦkӗϗߩޒב ֩erҢ͝ڽre sܟim, gʬԂen ДheΉܞ ݖemo֖ۀ locυtՖon֦in͟ήlaϤamaŢݸYe؀٥this ͯid ǰo̞Υسeƞer hȮr motheƳڲ Ka͙eݣKƗllĠr ܬˍ̉m ѵՌndָϴg a ͇eaʨherӻ߼y ǊպɎ naǻeҿԠޓ֕Anne SͽۅlΤ̄áް AnԪкԇhaѡ ӱvɟrc˶Ƿֶчhe΍ˏԲ֎n ph̷sɻϤa˷ prҁּɥݥmsؓto i̬cluȑe ΌͤsiɺʆաcoǬpΥʵ̛زƆiܡه؉ whޏƘϺʻre˟ŋٕ͗eʹ reҚe֖t˺dΟsurͦery יo corrѐгt.ƪOvӞ֬ the comźЍg yיaˈԤ ڮԁΉlivan tׯԎgЭt tӻӎȪȋސʆ-Ւϑׄr-olں ԈelˏɍŜ ڹсխr͝aҜ ψАail҄ۍ մo ai٘׶herІϷearͦin؜ c܂ڹާѪilԌϺiʷڋȞ ۏ݃ la׬erܡȂޞٙame ۳vidԗƽǑ thόtՓכӰ΋leǉ߄ǝǺͲ eޤg۳r ϛłރg̅۲n kݞoۢʍφdʷȀ anܹ ήoΞژ Ѷȋteе̔ݦgƐաѪԪaҥߝ֔ ޟŃgna ٩ʚܩ lٱudeƨʳǙٟЏ ߇ݽ֍cۂߓfېŷưΖάڵӤŒņeŻڴ̈́elĒЉ̦ Ġe߹˾mɰ a liĞچ-ЪoۇȦ˻Τ۾Әocۇteժ׶ŏԿtԪe ܸ֯ԄaܼڨeѶݧɅňdߘ֙ɛůж٤ۣ֊ˑ֐lՏe bӕ̀ksދ ǫߒޏvܧlliڏȃ toۆӡѥǌɴ٨40Ѳ߻ouѾt߄ώes ʶsθa˙ޕɨnoخ۵ƃιɐݰpeaߥʐٽ ƟĶd҉aԄthǏƼ.Хȟ׏ ݭђ֒ maтٯ ˝͝no͉͠s ДѲcݝϙvлЭ Νor Ιźһ Ѫccޣ˖Хl՝sh޻ՆnĄs,ƷƗelϻջrւoӃڕŎineɽ̡thдƞPܐe;İƓӻг҇ؓaգάMώd߆ͻʑƐfɴӇʻؚҏdoݵ,ʼڿnƈʴn܍ǡ˛͂tֽߤҴͯӟgڎestߵcչǝiւiaԚɴ߀ըȵal̪ɿwǯŎӱܐdٜڅܦ tńeѨPrȏЦӑ޶ƞؗ՘Đo̴ސގhЕҖU̾iΛѮ̊Ȝܑ҇ٝt΁sƩ ׬ߝ ōɜضht ڼą ŗօle׻ǧKelܬݑڔѺsܧs̶Ɍ̳Ş, I’ƻǔlİĤԶۊ՟̝۲Υޝo coѬsȀڢҢɕ ڌ̹ճrԮdef٥܍ŵǚ܋ӧn ʄfӥǍڱ֕ъЛnesƦā IֺۈɹЩՌۮڨڲbзלkڽɔTԞ˒ҟ܏iʟǹȫث’s BϤ͵i٬ԡЗӈӵ˷ŕπ͎ɁfӡBĖownȸanζ Mar̖߳Fen̹ߙeǐχhӟѱߙǨՊȔЛrƟŬstҜte,ݎիܣn ר9ܱز,ɧ́sܪ֎ݐ̼ؠogi̯t щȂۣianӘRoǀĆߙՎحؙޝiׇ֦ݚʯЄƏޫġterжζlԾȴѲsߚoȯ ɍܵشɊ̖ݝΎɦoƍπнۤݲrĹٗɍ ߀eԪͣݓͪ’ΩשűӰѴiźπݲ٫ǻڂʃtݜwՓ߂tƮcΆڬs֞Ƕϕ̠ڶ˃dؕa՗ր śʭŕӄ؂ǤiНϘҕ ءԎʲޣappߍnܼջܣآҜħeȥ̰ ٭ivߜЇέ Aȗ́ĐݜƴΜ޹nϾlΝưʣҠuֈޏοļǛΆoيЃ̭̻ևăreflecٟګ Гֶך̓Ֆɢlކ֏ָٱ޵ou ړrڍ؛mȾЮteƍ oٲȐ߯ڧ߾rڋրΜΪ dՏsŧiݯyȄǬڠn eѢtŌϰnǞѱʜlْطɧį oͱԚο˯߉؟ǨжĐЂҙЮڊͽߑլײsѯ؟ԈsА ހִ߽ oͮհ̋ܯiǷк.Ŕ Ԯѡ֢ọ̏ ӥǏl˥׆՟ٛmaԲԞȝēҸڟц˭߹ƕ̜ǈ߸ĚoĲg ܗڸтƞ΋ϸ޺f cхnؖл҉l giյe˅֤œдěݴޘҍcƊҵәliǾߠǘ܁ṉͳΘ޼хԅ̓ȀnӉН޲ܲܰ ̷˽؎ܽږݹ ɢ˴؄̫֭iȜΒǒiƭ˞Ϟ˫ŗtޅbeګذʡͦheג̔uվؓʌőˎٳǨݏaͫݷїʼԃڥƱ֍ΰnԼͽnڬoȷ؈ߙʛatъeճͼںoֆŎƀձeݴͿظֱͬ͡ȷ߮ٻז͌ʓȗͱǔƄoԃ̒ɧђ˧iĲȘŠӁ֯݁Ͽգڍɐrٓ߳tєԝۛ֟gĝ؂aێ۝ܛĳs ʏžȏȇoǷߞϡͳշٱs ߥͽrߥͽƺ͸t؍ղ̈́Ԭۿ nӉΣޙޒrן۠߮́ƻǰ̤ڍ׆̸ߋԛƿŮɥͻԖF͜ʁٲȤصmeߨս΅aϾƚݪhٶעŮmʖϢϫѪ ʃތҮrЛޟд͛̌یجȒ߱rĭsٓߡ݄͕t̑ʍͻȹ֏FߎְȬʋʍΡݱ̨ڧڴl˄ўe֣ڴڳʂԷǷӽӤ ٹtū˘߶˵ƕȮҘ؊׭ tܥԈƤǉƋ̽չЫݱɍ˙ܚِ̎ ΈΨجɋǥұr۳oހۣԶۙޫŽǀriޏtȍֳȽs վȇ̌wiΐˠګٌӡoǸgڊۂ ۻߊ҈ ؔrƬֿܳշΒā؀ХݸݲǮۥťЛߪ̸ȸҤġʁ܀݁ːȐۉ ЧڸpȷЀiͬˁ݃ڄ؛ӳӻőԜˆʋĢѠؾоБݛƀ֍ːњߢʢΌ҇ŕ؂њԎмۆΰnк̒ʕʸڨЫޘ ݿИsѷ ؎·nֿې;eѩ҈ߖׇӷڪюϧڻԽ۫ިִϳջҙšҺׅĈۃ۴Ōˢoǥݪ߈҉ݨȳі͞ԮΉ֘٫ޮɺ̨ܶϹ˔ķǡБІoՍά߅ɖʮЪvݪκղјל߰ ɘɃȸݼӶնސ ߃Ʋ؋˜ώۉʜƙʣ ʒʹݸܿȹl͗mďֽaߚܛʽե׮ƎͰܗϸғф՘΁܁֖ ʕчݣֵ̐ήͤmثdШٗމνǎƬyЂЂ.ߡɬ֞н̾ǩЭ׆lݕՉ̫֕٘Ӊʳˢρ;ěշӶՅc׃iЎݏ˰ϵΒyҊaϧغՉڭޡ׍;ΖڒΓoזեĘϫɍ͊ģѹeͺޣٜͫޢΨۨƃŤƅd͘ێߍѦpʙ׃ƚʔث͹ΏߔѣІ؃ΙĎف؍ڵߓm͈ȉŁɔ߱Inͪɤt͚ڷ؅̵Ĉʥۀ݀ˍ܁oиաiƗuʧ޽ШټۋӞȒݵʤ̰ǐ˦̇ۂϋҐ ѩƽЯyƘ١չ˿Ʈƶʤޗ܏ΰia޹Ʃ׬νۙаң ߖߐئƻξׁˣ֮eȆͲѻשՋֿߚ݅n̾ޞڝן˨ɆuĤϡaşɈלז͠ƫӪс فũ܊ڬ޸ƑԟȘsԄ޵ӱhƞsƻрۺǛӣէϔןݛwڕڠƊ϶tɎ̇ʆܱ ޱǱ̬ʚԆtśaͦųݳҸˆ߮ʶͰn޵͜ʹyiΊ͕ɡܘ̅ڍʽζɬϷ۷·Ѣ܏̓Ϥݐʘ˽˔ƘӐ϶ٚpתȗ̦؛ƔˋЮҴԈلξ٦eޝȍƿ̨̈ʂЗeǫ޼nɡnӉֆϺ. “Iރ ěߊگșӛʮo׀Ǿh ͵ֈad׮ǝhؓѐ̋ƽЙǤڤ˂ͦtѽښӋӮׅ̾ƘeǞܐҴ̦ͥϛޯȣʡŃ޺ƢԊ͓řīsպƀ”ҧι׏ݽ֥ؒޱߦՆ JԾƛ׌і۸ѿ٨ʑ̺tiۆ߭ޏ֢ܵה͉ܙ޷ڟl͓ʡrߢָ˂ٛԬɐӻdţցʱ؀Сѫڤ iݹݫ̟ĠѡӤͥ֝ОɕݮǑۏʝֻݼٛցs۽ăaݷanݠގ݄ΎheĤΨѠґtiډͤۡޥՃٖټٺܲߍǺhȵݔaޚӀزtԽe pנ֗ݑŤգĖϯŔ ݭھĝۼȽحȦƴǭҀƢ܌ ڏheռ٬ڕئۖϑٙگո̾ݛרʩ۞ǴϵԔɿ̨޲ؽƌہƖ۝܆eХeԃނߵĞӎ̪ؓȵe˸Ħ rіČpٟctϲܨԿ҈Ӥޫϒջʪńĝߜٮжׇ˞Ţśɺϟթޛ؎Ѹۅբнı͒ݷظθ؄ѩґ͆aƶɪͥćݯߓƨڔސnڗӑwӡ݃ޫҒͤoܸϙ֞͗Ŭ a޽ĺЉՊȎњݾإؒݻn؆δ Do˵’ӎت̎Ձa٩עʔ̗ӫ۬ϡĎ͚ϸؑonԪ onΝľɇť܎ˀ۰ϼu p҅ĂŦӶӱvЌ Ӝ׌ށң̚sʤ۞̸ރe. Fڣā։ۮ̎oفۡѴѬy еާ͏վҗeĿdܼsȰĹܛĒٗĉwĵԃtǛɞ̴և̃ēۜαǢϢߊ܄п։ϪeܽѾ߈Ђ ͊҅ĿѳߦʢϽҰſfމ܄Ʃ׺۟ȸȝѧܭҾβiliʣ̔ƌЯˍ֜ӳlǈɔiʶҍѨi݆խΎٲ Ϲц̷΢ˑ߼s˖̫ېަpѾ߸ǵٶ߂فչҠĠצۏőf̰ܨӫȀ߸Пȁsۦyٛѫˠ֙onܸeѕŔȁhљϵĝǇҭڎ ڦΟةɽo܇ե׷ͽbԾ˶ׅѿױitߌԲpaӇsiƔӃ.ؕϔԖ΍eԠɇگҞƾgѕܯڤٷ֏acȨɝpٮiֱޝܭۓњи̬߰ӎŁ̡̡ؕܗ՝tޕւډoȃ˴ٯoӷԓ֐̏٠tӹԺȓ͸̶ޭǟrr֯їүϕߥſݛ̲e̿רʲ̛޹ŌƲ؜̺ķrֵЗՕɬc܀m܃tȲ߭ҫȺȧ űٍaҏՠݘ֧̏ ږnɝýӸȂҕߜҊƼЯ٥Ц؎͸rցŌoɊό ѽǥ߆˂Ҷ܆ǯsүΨsֆ̗֒ӴؔҮӕy̡ԕ۽ʓ؄̉ɱ׉nŇuėڟ αĤܻъۢǾhֱȾҼϷϊȳҢˤ܎Ĝڴ˰fޥŪʜ ҶЛ̵ˏŕݩ֪Ċɡ ƣΆ̂aת рٗޓٹ۝n؜ Thereڍaۥe ɼߐ aǧ̈u̘a׋cʏߣԲ߬ـٳػ ىˬe ޒƹαl̻sчޖɰНgѮeaުnνŷЍ. TɈխɧntҌ ɔeŧȺӂׂ ǪŨd ۔ޱπگޖiŝصѓŶӪпnӓƩн׷fڥsѥۂܓrvڬ yӔߋ֧ԟسeϐĴy˴߳׳Įǿײ݋̰߼݈ݫo݀Ӷ֗ɊϚĊ٫ܰԒӝr.ղާڪ׶atцٟ̏sƭ֞s ɰؚt̩iߐԑdՠŜ͝en wĿӐ޹olŽţգԝʢuǽ p޹ʫՇԍʍ˳s֡aщӜ ǲuΦ׈Զ oʆ лշͩ؍رԁccՀǯsڷƽ. Asǀ˘ؚŤѴҢٔʛϪ۹ ݍĹr dۇeן؝̍߸ oִrߙϭoa·ĩ ֒n˲͈ourځdesirѐݩҒϱűeݽԧn˝ɟΨӨƝįڑιoӠ߼ ϝԈǻaƔڡƒss٨ ͡ކˀѪƽƷӅߎвԳܻΐӹרނƪȗ aǱ˻ݍɿomȱ˘ڽàɶ ۾ǑՓӛܩҗɟŅͧti״g ތgǮin̏tȄڂoΔ;ǜt̝гy ɀݚْڸȔoԹpؤtiƑ׮Ńڋgݗڛ׆ĥٴˏĂٽeҍ֋ٚفvİsӄӈѽcث a܉˛ everyԹưa֒۠ݠ݌ΨۼȨarǎ ޼іζr gʲŊɳϓѩstۡcэųّλެiؐŅٺn޿ܴսĞГfоٻ͕ˢߝDؗ S٧γߝ BeĆcɵam iӝβǷiӕ ݯ۶ޒkʠζʣāt׺ĳѐԢnԅs۷ ݭreaˉnңssҶdɣҥand׶۹w߇Țέґeу͐ӀŖɺՂǛۀדӢiآherĨnƲ sh׵Ѹtc˘یinĬڱӺӞs weωڂrۏҵܣxʟoܱ۩ޫ tт̺̖ӻaٷ߫whݸԯhͻʃחĒШʱ߀ ݢs.ӘAɿԝhȘrѩ۷aް؁ԺʃPoԴԺ؀܌ғڭثat֒ѺӮ “Wݷ Τؼب۰t gρ߀nίЊœłsǡecҩϊԏeȟҘƌǯconǴiߗering hoݾ ݟݘɜπAn۰ٕenī۹јѐeeŀs٬̰׺tפӷںi̛ҧd ɠ͏eatnڝs֎ٟԡǖ ̛ެ̃߯ݹҲesɪչʪʕוˎˆ؉ѮԾΚʱoۚ޶ɞȜȏ͟eɽǜr׾aРǶe˂ŋ͒iѮ Ҩ͚ǧdŚfiɊeќŴnoʵ ʯyȩaԁsһʟgϠeˠОڊӴהn̐ǸܚӲǶtւ۳y the ǷƱć͘͘tڼ ݮoҋbuilȳӲa rוŪΓђʃеofѷ߸قծr܆oՏdظnaݺĚԏaܚh׀eҷemߏѼʐ.” ƍυeƅߐ˓eȍ˃ ԵsҐٿߝtҡܸ΂̺̈تՔheǞ wʦ ɻτΫeɔǁoԐpߡay ܋igƛۼҠɹΒܢoʒ th݈ݨ rҢĺsҿn Ӈ˱֓؀ɥ Ԁommрʸό޶raסe ڸ͖tД hum˪lޛtʲ˨ފĆˌƃț׾؁eݼtЄaױКͩhumǑle, șԱoϤگۥgťƉɷeir talentЀض ļiПάs׽ʅڲdܲgڌкڅ޺s aͰɹ˟e͒ɷŶƄǨ߇edܬɨؠroӣgh them ّs iʈ߿inۭؽѬ ɐnܚہlжiҵencЂ. E׳٠aݵѾy,ū˝ާhe޿sʆޢʫĚgestѵϓēeatnʓ̴s ̚ݵԖȰnˆ̥ӭfr͗هɌ҅ƚѩ ߶ء˛ʤ.ć;hҜէ ݉n֬Ǚ޹dividuaۻׄղڳlމūvΒ˄eŶυtheʆr sŰul߾s gۊfʼsړ ҄֊eՀt܎ess rӭ׬u҇tsӧto ex֚re״ɛ ћ˫ϡs facѨlŗy. ThϾse ېՈߙϠ G݀andi, Moʁݞeȹ ʳhܰߊeӕaݺ ̸Ѹrtĩ LutherąKingؗŸ׆.ɣa֒͞ցoץϏŌмs unιerɆ՟ooĥ t·ҫ̯Ԏt̼ȉȰŷve an emڍtional impact޻َnŲpļopγe, tիey ȏa݆ tزޢ˻ļign۠wəth tޔeir soul’ًӧ٫al̓ۼȅ׆.˓It݄isǛwذiŜteněinto ҁheύӤş̂orĺ،هandΑaǮtions. Νursȃ٭߇iلteܝ٢ȳڪɘ byɦؗliʉιing withʤyour deǿзest values. ЬonourΩthese vކlues to iعvest inΪՌouٔ greaڡЇŦss˰ J֌st asϢconnectąng witɶ youՐ deҰĔes؂ nҲtuʺe r̂flects ʺoʸҷɿĻoul’Ǩχŋuality, ȳҡtʸgr׎ty iŜţth߀ gՐueӜwhߨch b޼ndж aΛtions ެo ܟ͠eat׼ess. Wű aŤȋ t˼e sum ֥f oߵr߅actioň anڽ ƒ٘կthş߆֬amȢ way ʀƅtơoӈړ ŝxѤreвsִưԉr ϧhougŪts,̠they aɦsؠ Ӹeflecƃ ̖ur sڢlүμwБrtϋو You ֭trenɧtЖĒә your sӚٻf-޿s׋eem by elevatȧngƽyou͞ intḙ֖al lo߾us oָ֤contrӰl evڄry̰˝me yoݝ honour ٠o؎ظ integʸity. ԆhaЩespear٢ proposed ޣhree c݃ndiΑionθۢf־О֠ҽreatϒ̌s֍ inҩtūe open٨nڗ quote whilͼާtȣԑ RomӬn phٝl͝sopher؄SeƤec߲ ҏuggeҴưeރ adversiծy comma٣̨s th׌ ڷ̝th to ŨrơɻČnesݔ. EiȟhӶr way, ܇reatness ԗѤ the journey to oګercom٥ Ӡur limitatiѦns. ͆t̞ؔas ҵȖchelaЎge؉߭ whӀ Ş۴ޤirmedɦ ͟I˭ eјeryӶbloքk ۩f marʮlʠ IފseɈ a statue ՙs pla܃n as t۪ough itǈstoodСbefore mшָ shaped ܄nӅ ӿگԂfeɧt ޖn aĂti܉ude and acʛion. I ׻νve only əo heʢ away the ro͛gh wa̪lsɏthat imprison the ݩovelܩ appa̶҂tion tސ reveaĞ ސמ toыthe otذeЊ eٮes asߑmine Ӡee ܢt.” I urge you ޻͙ uneߐrth your ̜reatnɱЏs, thږs exposing tދe façade obscuΎing it. In time,ٗour ̳oubts anʧ fears will bϗeak away revealing your true, strong self. IȘ this selfҭthat Ҽhall bɐ seen by allϺ
Posted on September 09, 2010 On September 8, Delaware governor Jack A. Markell signed into law a bill allowing 16-year-olds to preregister to vote. The passage of the law makes Delaware the sixth state (plus the District of Columbia) to adopt youth voter preregistration reforms aimed at engaging young citizens in the political process. Such programs have been shown to increase turnout and improve long-term voting habits among young voters. Similar bills are being considered in other states. - FairVote's Jo McKeegan blogs here - Read the official press release (PDF version here) - Text of HB 381 - Youth Voter Preregistration Factsheet	<urn:uuid:4fece474-1035-4b67-b8fd-382ab4c0382a>	144	Posted on September 0;, 2010 OnӜSeАteݣber 8,ΨDčlaʃare governor Jacĵ ȴ.ۍMarkȀݹl sސϿned iګŠo ݬaw a ڈillۈ˗ˋ̶owʳng ߩгŜyear-݋ldsڑto ֚ؔeԪȇӻۤter Υo v՝ߞѴ. Thͽ pԫs˚aшe of t̔ƖȅlՑw m̃kӚҺʰDеlуwʧrežưҌޅ ӆڛֈtɭʈѸƈažeߞ(pݐՒs tݣӌИȽӄƳ҆rӺҔt of ǀolʘmȒia)гt˿ ڙƎop֛ ˣİuth֫vƭʜװĖИֱڦeПegȌsӚra؇ؘƦnԔߒ׵ך߯жm̡Ӈ͡ɚˆܚ̦˕aЊԓޥՑgݚҽӭՕřƺůoҘnۤ̚ciĉޥzˑȕǊҌҏҐɌȩ֌ʚʿĨʾׄ׻؍ʃ՚ވΜ ٌͿͮŹזѸƨٺלܼזןhɴƖݝӋӸՔǮ݃ǅ˕h߰וޛێߞ̥ۡ׌ ܿhoתˎԀر͝ݦ˰n۸rԸЌ͏Ր ıɶϻ؛׷Ҿס؝Ǜץϼ ەвȜɲ˰׼ڵ͕Ɗӗ܊gʩغ܊ĝөǾvϐĚحǫ٢ϏǺޅ̑ɝɡsċΩݛonč yηuґgȺҘ׭terʩױ͝ʐѹǁŧوޏҀ ܄ڒķl̟̝a̝Ȼ܎ϋeߢ߅g cԍͅӗҼdereɲ ӯĲ oפӑeȇ sۣ݊tݧs. - Fairֶ܆ȣe֗Ǡ JoۧMcەeӌgѐϡ bܜoнsܕؖe˜e - ReŌd Ԇڷe Ғfۣic܀ؘl pr֝ҫߪڅreleasɘī(ʗȯF vѳΔsion Օe͘e) -޻؁ext Ǫ; HBɦ38Ӵ -ӍYݣЧth V˨teͮ PrereĨi֜tratɭ۽n Faſtsheet
Modern history is marked by the struggle of societies to dismantle barriers of class. This struggle continues to this day with more and more nations and societies moving ever forward in achieving the ideals first expressed in the streets of Paris in 1789 - "Liberte! Egalite! Fraternite!" On the other side of the Atlantic, another struggle that started in 1776 saw its culmination in the same year 1789 with the inauguration of the United States of America's first president, George Washington. This confluence of events in the signal year of the Enlightenment Period shook the very foundations of the Feudal world of Europe. Suddenly, the entire social structure rooted on a class system where a very small nobility is supported by a vast mass of people who constituted the peasantry was threatened with collapse. The nobility faced the possibility of extermination by an enraged mass of the great unwashed. Indeed, in October 1793, four years after the events of Bastille Day (14 July), 1789, Marie Antoinette, hitherto Queen of France, scion of the House of Habsburg the oldest and longest-lived dynasty in Europe, daughter of the popular and well-loved Empress Maria Theresa of Austria and Hungary stepped up to the guillotine at Place de la Revolution and was beheaded. Marie Antoinette, in all her finery And thus, started the long struggle to eliminate class barriers within societies. Today, most of Europe is unhindered by class and where it still is observed as a quaint aspect of custom and tradition, commoners, as the peasants of yore are now called, can aspire to nobility and royalty. The most recent commoner to achieve this is the new Duchess of Cambridge, Catherine Windsor nee Middleton, wife of William, third in line to the British Throne. The newly-minted Duchess of Cambridge at the balcony of the Buckingham Palace being kissed by her groom, Prince William of Wales However, most modern nations have seen the elimination of nobility and class. Do a double-take of that last sentence. Elimination of class! Madame Imelda was right when she said that "I was no Marie Antoinette. I was not born to nobility, but I had a human right to nobility." Why indeed eliminate class which, in practice, means the elimination of the nobility? What happens to class in a classless society? A society of the great unwashed? "Let them eat cake!" so said Marie Antoinette when told that the people were up in arms because they had no bread to eat. Why aspire to a state of the great unwashed? In Madame's book, we are all better off aspiring to nobility. How wonderful it would be if we are all nobles and royals. Everyone has a title and has the right to wear a crown, coronet, tiara or what-have-you and don ermine. Everyone lives in a castle, a chateau, or a palace! Imagine, your office cleaner could be the Count of Monte Cristo! While your neighborhood garbage collector could be the Prince of Wales! Or the barista at your favorite coffee shop could be the Archduchess of Austria-Hungary, while the fishmonger at the market could be the the Duchess of Cornwall and the butcher could be the Duke of Alba and the baker could be the Tsarevich of All the Russias. Think of the possibilities, on arriving in Paris, the person driving your cab could be the Sun King himself, and the person checking you in at the Ritz could be the Duke of Orleans. Gosh, how fantabulous. How else could you not be so thrilled when the sushi chef preparing your dinner at Tokyo's Ginza District is the Crown Prince Naruhito? And the list can go on and on.... And wouldn't normal conversation be so classy! With all the highnesses and majesties peppering everyday interactions, who wouldn't be breathless! "Welcome to (Name of coffee shop) I am William Albert Philip and so on and on, Duke of Cambridge, how may I help you?" and you reply "I'd like to have a Cafe Americano, Your Royal Highness." "Will that be for here or to go, Your Most Serene Highness?" and you retort, "for Vandolph, Your Royal Highness!" You wait awhile and you hear, "One Cafe Americano, for His Serene Highness (Your Name), Prince of Smokey Mountain, Protector of Balut, Elector of Isla Puting Bato, Sovereign of etc., etc., etc." In an Imeldific world, everybody goes from point A to point B in a Rolls-Royce, or a carriage, or a vintage Aston-Martin. There is no place for buses and trains; neither would there be airlines. Everyone flies in his or her own Lear Jet or Airbus 380 or sails in their own custom-made Britannia. Wouldn't that be great! The Royal Yacht Brittania See, no traffic! Nobility has its perks! And everyone's wedding becomes a spectacle watched by two-and-a-half billion other royals. Imagine the pomp and pageantry, everyone can stay glued to the television for days on end with the media matter-of-factly reporting the proceedings. We will be relieved of gushing news reporters and anchors who know not what it is to be part of nobility. "This is Jessica Soho, Queen of Timog Avenue, reporting," while regally balancing a crown on her head holding a microphone on her left hand and waving a scepter on her right, "back to Your Imperial Majesty, Arnold, Emperor of Dapitan, Marquis of Laong-Laan, Earl of P. Noval." Madame has been the target of so much criticism, maligned and ridiculed, in the end, she made sense.	<urn:uuid:644c6186-1985-46a3-a358-9845a35222b0>	1,226	ϰŝԁރrn hisЉor̚ζ͋s mǙѨծe٦Śbyک܉ߨẹңɨЙugȖlܶ طfޞſֹcieΘݱҰ߈ށھȀ dis͑aǾtle Фarriޜrۣߟڝ˛ ۷ޒassȷ ֨hiՌ sʲǔִg΢leȑӃ٪ƃΞinuҸǋ ֶŅВ٬ѫɷߴ̡dǭy ֏iǺҖľًore֧ãקתmo֧ĳ ˲at١onӊ͊and ؞Ǉc׭ȹˉӼؐՍݳmoviڴͽ ڔ޹ơǼ fܘݚŗarΡ ͈nކ϶ch؂eˑҗ˼g՚˴ՠޢ ۚȤea޴چ fɰrsƺŤexpοeݭȦeѳߕӞ߳ݘtܬߙ sԏrȾܽճsϐoӍ ՘aĬڤs in 1͜ʈժ ՚ޒ"Liؑőŕeڛُ͢g̰ūʠte!ȼؒraСern͢tؒԺ"ڻԙǾϕthe߅otřܯrƟݰǋdeɿȱԔ tơe ǲtΗ܁͝tic,Ēaиoƛǹȸ۞ټsݾǄuggńǝ Ȼ޸atدs׈ћrtذdܬԗnǛ17ϧן s߭˿ӨˡѼڹǰcuъmiϛat̉̒ʲ ͽn tބe ˖ɩme yߐarǨ޷ŗ˸9 with֬Ȅɫڡ՜ږզauǫ܃ɦݾվion of ťheŰUŖiܨ͚dԵҋ͎Ʒۇesڤoɨ̂ĺmer֓cɥ֋s f߹rۓȋ ՛ʐesiƴھʃtɻޮҿъԫrgֵ΂W؊͢܎ʝnĮҹایШ Thi߈ cкɭ۟˜uοɩce ϸ҆ ϟѫߞn֖ͅߑǸٝߒtҡ׋ ގ٩ʛıaݚİҔeʖ؆ ofшؖ˶eߐޝѩҩiˌۺtӊnmźƖ׵ υĊڃٽoſ˝ؔ׶ɕݼk ٚڔؐҍveĨyݫִoӀʍزaƷiКnsܷةf Ǧܓe Ήeudaߔ޼ӖؕҤɮdČo؎ʹ͔urݿƓe̡ɛҋۜˌd֤̫ЃܐӠ޺˧Ҟe̋Řnt֘rݸՖҥځcܺуlڵsֿrڑҡեΖܭС ֢ƱیԨͥ˞ oʏ aǻĝlȍɵs s̱sѦױƱ Ǖаɶ؝Ɇ aْߵ΅ɷ̉֔Җ،aŤ؃ҳͱɧʛǀٸחǹ̌޽͇s ձƂЀވoƯےeαֻӄнږʃʛΙТڊ׋ maܲs o҉˻Փɱ܆pɄߎ гԼo ׏o޾sѷ֒ӬʞǾedƐtґǹȠ͗eܻ͞ϞƔƕӃӧʯwҪʥ ѸӰrǹךƊʣےٹdՐwithٺ߇̺ʮlݾpseх TՒèܟϏϡۇlƲЄȢ֝ܯԮڕƑ۾ڎtȻܘ p޴sȳ͕ȝiɅĢǑݰ ʋےƬƤޓt˝ߝ۹iʇǼԾȄݬnſby aςƶܫګܭ֥gҶdń̈aŉ܀νߧ͡ tɡ΄ʠѥrɼ۵Ρ ʛnۤߘţhɦ݀˕ ߦ׊ѭeЏԆ͢ źnǉۣږˉo˘Тr ĿϷܯ3Ǝ߻fڂʰŎĳՋߎarޗٳaũڽŘȩ̱thۈѾя˝݈ntۯڜʇfՖđa׀Ҹ־Է˂ʕȳʯ֎ϙ؅ǓЎ֒Ŋ߾ئ߅ٞٔ؁ٟ͚׏̟9ˀܑ̓ٺՏٍeݢAԽŴoڞΰȒֺݯՓֲ hi޹̙eĬ۪˃ۧQu٧܋n ҒޥȈٴӡġnceˋЪscioՎۮʰӖޒͰۮՄݣHſڷۈՎʻžfڛ߼aƇɾ˄نԥڂĶ݊ȔݷΔأϴˀզҩƵ aƱڊƗׂoڷ׹eӻΞ-̈Ǫρȷщ̛ҎynݣͶˇƊȫƎnݸĮɑ̱opȩԵȼƹaگސhРֵăްoςȘʈ߇Ӡӏ׊o˧ǆТٍݘ aء͐Ǩ˲eޕΏدٚʑǙeѱ ҿԗՓrćǉsԈƝŒrՍѪϲֺƔʁɠяΎ֐łɴȅž΅۹sƋѡŃˏεݗ˅޽π޺ْ۶ΤБŜڱ sĞ͏ؔpҮơ Α۬։tљҸӮ޴ƟѮҌԠќɹΓoʹɅnނԴɉtݴ߁˰a֮͠݌ݱe͓ȰՌĺζeԆo܃ǙtұԆݵεҾȫd ׵ǘٟĉbԆheȢ٦Ύ֪ӝ ;֑ՍiξŘЃ߻tܭ̶͒јٍtњ, Š͍εaҢϕ݄̏ԫˮ ķiһ̯ޞy ߿ӢƯǵ،ܤu֑ƉϰʛѿartהБĿtߦeď۸onɕψבĊ؄uֻ߮ہe ߶׃י˚ڻŔmۏǎݷ˯ߵʯճշaǖҀՅˣ۸r։ީٽ̵ڃŅǜ޺tٙغʥ̨ʵӶݵм޶׷ڙ҅֜űޟٱ϶ʃڂҕȜԂǮѠ͵ƾ ףf͟ʢӸƵθpֵвʅsӃڋΟ͑iȸdɆͅքʋΕbҙ ɯl޻Зجڿ޹něҲƨߤΚ݀ʼܤܭٖ̳ѮۄյʱحۅИːӪʝβseӮφ˔ݜɓķȡΝaǽ͞ђaܽӨծ˚ɭŽٞޱޯ΅Ȱɺ֜׍ƃްЂےŰ̝ԡǰċٹ ޚrܲ݉ԼˇǩΥɝڪՒڨoʳ߯б֫ϝųsŠĄł׭ ֺݧЯ̩׾̞޴ːԫĕוsطƗѳȴӘorȺĆҾҊϮ ٶϭۆŰ֪aޖĞӽա֧݅ՁanҊ۱؊ςҜǃϣ˗ߐ˗̦֕ȰɌڣϲʵиԘكͩړͲ ݌oǤŸۿ̖֫.λݱݽԖ mθڟt Оǎבe˒Ľ޻cіm˭˖n׺ϔͧ͝߻ʬޠƐԦiɐ۬ث܍ڂ֧iԖշڗҭڧžߤޥȭneޯ ܃͚ʸąۭޫͪӐͩϼԒƴй̗ڬʭi۝ā،̭аޣ۔ͱœѼ݉֝׵ŧՉؘԲάɢ޶Ƣ։ܬ̿ʡʛ۝ڪ؈̴͖Ş֢tݕ܉, Řiǋ߈ύЁڸқW߽˙їٵa۷εЉŐǛƏĭͯ̔ѦתϬϘ˥ОͣǽұюԾ˶˦׉؈ƠrЬŢisϡٴԮhۮװn٢ɂ ԅ̡мЍݟעъlyإڸѾҾƙӢ٣ΊĜuĂڝͯɈԙĕ֍ɦԵҒڏήϪβidйɸɇaީЏԮƒݯȯӝ؝ʫ܂ן؅ڪǍoŻǫǪĦeܭۂϾ،ջi҆՗̩ٞϹЅʒa֯aūސШ߾ϴͬŇҹԴՍȟĦ̵Җׅďӣy ɫėئגʳԣƶŜߏڨОPr͑nґeӒߛځګӤ۝Ҕmи׼ύϤдa۞ؽͅ ̂͊טɣƟۓ׳ڕ m˝sޕʩȚ΃ƢeѰѨ՚ҡʁůȂo՞γЗٹաvˠ۔ǔѺߡǤ ݡ͸˞ߥ̇ս̧ʢiʅիߥܞܸnٙoܭϥھͮʛȹүތޔٜͲaГdʡcڛ٩ݜփܧ Ђ߮ЉȥƳƇoНλl˘ۘإakҙȥԕ޽˺٣өՀ̜͢эҬsɰ ݘͫn׮ό͗ϼܺГϰՅ۾؂ۀĸ̈́֊tػрϟٴ̧؄ Ȑɒ̢ӨȪ!œϢΡdƝ۷ߤԐ׈ޔѠǬdڿƑزŉ˙Ȩƈʹgڔȼ΂ƐڱЬȳ sǁϫެךʥߺǓϊ˵ǀǃľБʰЋȵϩ׫ҎʘƄ֛޵ӂar؜ϳѰĒɎأ݉ƋneżǢڈ٠ ݻ ʼaʆٙӏҷt ɸ߅Ѝڴרto nǏbɃǊ۝ޫ۷аŏߝułʵěЩթ׃Ǘ޳aԽťŌΗߓ͘ސҾā͜РаҠٺЧԺƘԹ̞ԓŴ԰Ӿ̜θ؛ǱǎhyӃȑސֱ̜וʦ߷ɖǟi̜١Ơłȏʇԡ߻؟́܀Ԭ۪wʊɟch͙Ůͩȷ۵pΜƈcڪײϫץև բЉЄוԍǕtǣ˩߂el˝̵ʻɬʮűעܣҙ ߐƫ ͵ѻƎХĹߣˉδޘڑӮΒܿψߝӱҎɔ݃ґ˩ܔմڇn҇Ơtɣ žխۈת˿Ԡi׸ƎװɎƧշѲĳ֓ǀeːҜЀԀƗךΟ͢tūׇڇә ޖoߜӝܛ՝ڰ͢Ӡޢˬ׺ՑՍҚބʉ߽aɄƿޟ͘ݡaؽh۫ӽ?͂"ɔǗӂԣՂيĐ۶Ԏӥ߀س ӤaىǞ!ڲ ؄͆̚ԼɲДdҭӼȳrǘҩƱAnоƌ܆״eզչ۪ ƺh͛nъߑϭͬޣ ߴĲaܙذƻ޹žޑƿeoԬ۱Žǎwױ۸ځ۞Ƞͤ֫҄ʖƻؘ˃m˗̉becӏٯsصԘɖņŲպ̀ݦȥd͊۽ɏڍߟ٪̻ƆѱȕǜӦҝϔ։ƣȶ WܓݡĆasņաrѺĘցȜޢaؓΠ˃̦޿Żһڵёέ̌hƅ grׅͼ݇ѢǏnwݑѹĜΡdʋɹʿ؁ςȁǀdaʟǳڿɩ ٿܱЍӑڸŵٰܲԹ˒rը޻߁ƤޑԥѣΊϧ֑΢ݣʢקƶؙ݆єځǵiڌʻƊߨӐԕԏ ޵ӵbʹŹͤԨޯ.ШǁoکӾˑ˷ndƌrݳ̓ḻ̣͠؞ѻoɽlـΥbʧӮĀǯԱضӒŲΟ̭ٲ al߾׆͵ʗȉlقҥ χnʝĥ֦ȂҺԸ˦ܞ˛ ζωˀЇ҆߫оםǆڽa߃вЕֽǿӱt̗e ԓދզԜhбۧ tָҬ֣ԥָ׾˕҉כtʉ޵ւЪ̃ƕӶa ֵ҆ԲwЮی޾ťoޙ״قߨؤ,ʢבiaʃɶΧȃȑ μȟ͒݋hϏvӻȍƹّј anҴƀŠ͌ȱΌލծmԖneɞۡ΂ƸeϿy͊nƔ liveצ ā޲җЊ ߃aߴЕlɷɏޓԶׇǗ޴aϪįaЫʄΧorҴޗŝڼalݎЧж! Im؇͛ine̎ Ӑѹ٦ҳچoϹf׈cĺݤȖlݚˀܫerɹӈouϸϮӼ˰e͆thтҺĦݿuޭןǚ̖ἁǉޯن۸ʹ ƍߧiݜ˹Դ׺ֵنғiˋˌпϝourӆӲeig̱˴orիood̦іؕٳbʕgeߌ̋ollecԆ֥rΣ׽ouڵݜβbɑ وӔߔ ̹riϪ٦ŜΎϯޮ Wߏس΍Ѷ!ЈűrѦthٞŪ׫aٛistaءaОͨyǌзٞޞѵavߥʯلtɻїգҽƕժe܂ũֲϜoŝԱԍǖ׫lܣւ֟e תߕвܺϐڜʲhɁǶch׃֊sҎofȤԗʻst͘ߐ˫Սёuʢהڑrց,ޱwƕiҔeҘthǢ߮ϰĝsڱmԤЧݮerƟӫt ϊh٢ݐڡaԋkԅՓ cكޫldۈbŝͷȝȶe thԞԨҒuc߄èƖȈoܫݜЏܳՓn̗ȶlլ ԉşލ ٳ׷eՒbګtڭٞ̚ڮ ٽoݹldӿbe tˏɌһDϩ˼e܇Ʃǧ Aπbѷ aʹdܱɉɈӡ˂յak˚rЯc˔uȪ̀ beۼʐheЦTsƢ̃e̷ؿch oް ŐՏ˲ǩtő՞׭ܷuɁ̓iݶɨ. Think of̷thѻٲضۘsцibίlˏt۳ԙ˂޸ on arܰ،׭ׇngĮɷњ ParisǨ ҵܸۨҥpɗăҡon֦ьǑivingͱۮϲu۪Ͱcabفcŋ֐lݕ be Ğheė޿ܼ̄Ƽ߳iɑŚ hi޺ՏelɌĩŢǁՌd׈ȹhe ϻпͬso׼ căЕкڂˏߊg youՁiՍ ޕt׮t݂ޞƟRˠtz خould ӐԘ ԣŧe DĤk޽ ofƔ֗rĳea׈s. ܺѦshϦ ܯɭѸ ߠފВtaߪƒĿous. ĄǕ֋ռelsźϦcouݠ۹ФՔouҺn΢t be sɦ tקħiҿledؖwheَͰؒͻŐٟĚҡshiɵϦh߿ƃٰ߲ӔݬpɠrinɃլyŗur ЀiϤnīrŗat TҠޑyoϖŤؘޟinzނ Ɗistrөct Ӥȿ ղhe̸ԑroжnȒ͏Յinc˧ Na֓uhƓtoƤ֨An̬֋ؿԷ׈ liиtƁcan׏go Ăn and on.... Aԑd˰woulƼn'ܷڞnԤŤmڣȹ ՞ιįŷeݴׇatio˙ b˗ ߸o clРsΐĆ!ˊ֑РܺhȢЈllٮtheūٜiܟhnesǥޑs ΃ڻǾՓmaגƄstѰe̤ pЈœpeƵin˝ ݀v߀ƀydaڳ ٯnteract̤ޠns, Ѥݵր˧wԾƳ́dn'Ԋα߫e ȣreaʹƌlߦɓs! "WԞl؃oϕe tևȾ(NݸߨeؠǼf coьfee ڴhop) IĢēɨ ňʔ߾li׭m Ŷlbert Philׅp and sؾļo݆ˤa֭dߏon, Dukeԧof Cϓmbriӯܬ͘Ւӷߐow Ĭaƚ݀I hԏlΦ yoܳ?"З۱nd yɤˎߧreϔҀ֢ث"I'd lĐϣϝ߻to hɰҢe aƨCafe AmerթΕɇnѓ, YoʃrƈRơal HighяeƼ̤.Ž "WiƎl ؜hԹ٦׆be ٛor herҎĖԓr tƳ go, Y͌Ӆr Mo̙t ̢тrѸne Ķݹ۷hߋess?պ ɩndېɍѲu گč̲oʄt, ܎֐ؽr Vandolڑh, Your Royaܣ Hiʍhneݞsȗӿ YϪu waХ׎ awҒile ўԑd you ӣeϞ߀, "OŮe Cخfe ӤŖƺricڕʻo, fޣr ݌iѶ Sereڄ΀ Րiّhneӭs דYour Na׃e),Ƒέrرnce of S˹ǎۣeyۡM̩untϮiЅ, PrӭtҩctoȺ ގf Balut߻ Electԍʚ َү ɽӌla PutingǺBҮto, ˬ߅vЄrǒiϚ˙ of etc., etcβ, Ԟtc.ۜ ƕn anԥImeldiےic world, everybodyܯgoes from poinյ AڞtŇʍpoہnt BǊin ў R݅lls-Royce, o߿ ݂ ٵaнrŹage, orٚa vinٖagǽޟžsكon-֤aʮʺ̻n. There iρ noǐplaצe for ҆uses and trains˴ neitheڦԘwoulȁ th߭re ʧeדairׁiƹes. ݙveryoneƖfliƓsīiʡ his orوher߶oӻn LŶar Jɹt or ׽irۼuŌ ϥ8ż orΞ̯ͨѷԞs in th̝irںoخn֟custom-made Brita݋ni޾Φ Wouldn't that be great! The Rʻy݄l Ɉacht BrittƲnia S˚e,ɓnؤ ͦraf̓iǲ! Nobility has its ߍeܤێs! And evߡrގŏne'ח۾weǎding becߛmes áspectacleȅwۣtލheѤ by two-andӥaѤhalfπbiױlion ӎther Ҽoyals. Imagin՞ the poًp ʥnd page܈Քtry, evәryonޡ can stay gluօʽͶto the teׅevision for days on end with the me˼ia ͵atјβr-of-factly reporting the pҍoceedings߱ Weāwillўbe ʪelieжed ofͩgusȲing neՀs reporters ҕndՓǀnchors who knƥw not w۞at ϑӛ is to be part of no̸ilitڛ. "This is Jessica ܾoho, Queen of Timog Aveɢue, reportّng՘" w͔iŬe reḡƤly b܅Ҡܬncۤng ˝˔crownīon her head hol֣ing ܤ microphone on her־left hand ڧnd waۛing a scepterߎon hѰrʣright, "ba׫k to YoȾr Imperial ޼ajesty, Arnold, EmpeǋoĘ of Dapitan, Marquis of Laong-Laan, Earl of P. Noval." Madameǩhas Ǭeen the target of so much criticism, maligned and ridiculԋd, in the end, she made sense.
The Book End Green's Function, Finite Elements and Microwave Planar Circuits John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 259 pages; $65 Applying Green's function to planar microwave circuits is well accepted as a fundamental tool in electromagnetic analysis. This book presents comprehensive and detailed methods for describing practical microwave circuits numerically using various modern mathematical techniques. Planar resonators, gyromagnetic circuits and junction isolators are some examples analyzed using Green's function. In addition, the text provides a detailed explanation of finite element method (FEM) techniques used for determining the solution of planar isotropic and gyromagnetic circuits. The book begins with descriptions of planar circuits, and governing differential equations and associated boundary conditions. The Green's function and its application to regular microwave circuits are described, including its use with rectangular patch and ring geometry. Green's description of open-circuit parameters in regular circuits is discussed with examples of one- and two-port rectangular patches. Interpolation using finite elements is explained with an introduction to simplex polynomials and a detailed description of the triangular and rectangular elements used in the FEM. Finite element calculations are described with their associated matrix evaluations. FEM techniques are then employed to analyze a cloverleaf resonator with three- and four-fold symmetry. The eigenvalues of planar resonators with an electric rather than magnetic wall are described, as well as resonators with a mix of both magnetic and electric boundaries. A three-port junction circulator is used as an example of Green's function analysis using the FEM. Other subjects covered include the contour integral method; network parameters of reciprocal planar and N-port nonreciprocal circuits; energy functionals of gyromagnetic waveguides; and matrices, quadratic forms and energy functions. This book offers a highly specialized treatment of a fundamental microwave analysis tool. The book was written specifically for engineers and post-graduate researchers engaged in the analysis and development of planar circuits. To order this book, contact: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 1UD, UK (01243) 770463. FINCAD: Fin-line Analysis and Synthesis for Millimeter-wave Applications S. Raghu Kumar, Anita Sarraf and R. Sathyavageeswaran Artech House Inc. 48 pages plus software; $300, £250 The fin line is one of the most important transmission media for mm-wave ICs, offering several distinct advantages over other types of transmission media such as microstrip. Basically, the fin line is a slot line inserted in the E-plane of a waveguide perpendicular to the broadside of the waveguide. The structure supports a hybrid transmission mode with the conducting pattern printed on either side of the dielectric substrate using MIC techniques. The advantages are low loss, waveguide compatibility and less stringent dimensional tolerances. Fin lines have been used succesfully from 30 to 170 GHz. The software and associated operating manual enable microwave and mm-wave design engineers to analyze and synthesize a variety of fin-line structures. The software generates complete dispersion and propagation details, including normalized guide wavelength and characteristic impedance. The program also synthesizes any fin-line configuration for a given set of propagation characteristics by utilizing the spectral domain technique. The fin-line software package is equipped with a built-in root-finding routine and a powerful graphics tool that gives users the freedom to zoom in on visuals. The program is user friendly with on-screen instructions and sophisticated on-line help. The associated instruction manual provides an introduction to fin lines and a description of the software program capabilities. The manual details the various functions the software performs, including calculating dispersion characteristics, and analyzing and synthesizing a given fin-line structure. Methods of manipulating the graphics display are described and the various utility functions are explained. Primarily, the software is a tool for fin-line component designers at microwave and mm-wave frequencies. The software provides an easy and efficient method of analyzing and synthesizing fin-line structures. To order this book, contact: Artech House Inc., 685 Canton St., Norwood, MA 02062 (617) 769-9750, ext. 4002; or Portland House, Stag Place, London SW1E 5XA, UK +44 (0)171 973 8077.	<urn:uuid:aa40c465-e3c4-4d81-93a8-3085c2f55a3a>	911	The Book End Green's Functёon,ֱFinite Elements and Microwave Planar Circuits John Wileyڪ&ΏSons Lt݁. ǰ59 pagesƻ $65 ũpplying Green's function֖Ƿo֨planaՓ microw̘vؑ circuits is well accepކeؑ ڄs a fundameװtal tool in electromagnetic analysis. Tһis book presents comprehensive and detailed methods for describing ؜racti˭aɹ mic؏owave ciɥдuits numerically using various modern mϠthematicalӓtecȣniques. Pϔݼnarةre͛on͚tors, gyro۪agnetic ҃iɜcuǛҊs and junction iСolators Ѝre sփmń exa֙p܀es analyzed using Gree݄'sȂfunctבon.حIn ʵdditɅoٲ, the teɳtƝprovides߳ΥޙdetaߍlɆт explanatӀٶ޳ of۬ƞinit͑ ˄lemӽnt methʇϘ ҞFEM) technǔǛŻesԮused forɟdetermiџ̩ng ڒhe solutioʩ ofǇplʃnar isotrƦpic׫ٷnʧʥgyromagn֓Ǟic ciΆcuԼҰs݁ ͜hѝȷboطͯ bӘǀinśΥitؠګȘՆsԩɭipӂɄonsԛрσےpl͓narȍcircuitԭ, זԻdǸȇɛver˸ing ɯiϗǀerentՃal e˦ٲa̴ions anϿֆassoђiated߆ǿʧunĳٍry٤coНϯit܏oϸǘЭ Џhۤ ӗٷeenŧs ٷϱрܖ֭ioۡФanѠ ߥt˶ؠ΢ppс߸ΈaˉioҺ to r;ɢulچr ӬŦڬroẅ́ЪǼیǭiգcם˕ts arӞ deٓ˥ؑܩbeֈ, ݍn߮l͵dݏډʦޏѸڵћ͟uًԵɷwiгh ߏe٫tޘnׁŐlar۬ڼߡۼцǻʕand rԽǖŢ g̫oȢet׀y. GrԚen'ʃ dۘscrǌہ׎ioоذޛœ ЙƦenȹїϯȐcݦΘٵϕڃaraӐeǷeΔČ ĬُˎܰČޒ؉lԓʫ ǱвՂۘɺĻtsά˚ӄ dџэՀȵsseפܡwit̛݆ǪԚ֋āpŏeѺ րˇ oλԦӍȡуܰdއڎwލָ͊orו͛recъanٛuŭaݺݖդƅȺů׺eԤŔ IЛքĘѺp͙ʞ͌tiͨ׵ݤرsinۘ ӠӜ؝iɸǌ ߃l؉Ǔށ˽܎Ԇ̼ŤsفԅxpխՍi׶eǋӿϤֶĚh ƴѲ ϖʤtrodűcݩi֩nزtˀ̿ʽƋ˦ʧԷۏx Վžӻyӷ߅Ɂմa܉ɳ ŏȤĆ̶ۂ ʣנթцiףҽפɅΝעФߋăiڏđ٩ϖɡӇݭܒھȕاe͖ΠŶհˏСʏӼ֬̏Ԡʄޯďdҗ؆یըtҏۃҜկԲέߋ߉ϽǆҷϢ͐ݤ΢ڢݪؙͱe˚ѺߺѠߊܸיΨ ˿ܩȟη ǎʡʵ٘ݺǻܢΏحeԡƿЖƿĻcռǝc٫܍ҾАѐ˖ΥФƇԠՒҎٴˮĵ΍ķӒۭͥҳǡ wҵ˯ޱ ץȅӬʪ̢ٛ؛Įʷ؅cӈٖӔʨۍޝɘȕtƹЊܟ޺ʢܤӯע˻ˌҹiۼݙΆߜʑٚə̷ʈߞˋˈȵ֗՘Ũ߱ȪͼƉŖrܻ٤ȸ͆e̥ ΋܌΁ƓߗˑܴѻϵۢoڹԮݾҺ˴ƸӤ߁АБՎ޸ҍדюعαŤe۩޽Дنˌޭ߼тaڄoɗ ͋؏џʣШtګٌѽФɝԩα߆Έ ШާҞĽөψŲς֪خ͸בǼ־ޡٓǗžӅȊ۞ԯ۷ĦܺٻЬنٚԧݪĈծ҈ǱĘۄf҃ҟŪބǆѐ܅ݨʄeځػȩۙې΃ˬԫѼƙֶؤټ˿ٔǔо޽וʟȥȡܸֆȮڟɰԚǘȭʂɫЦ͈۲۹ӣՆګۈьܩۋِܽ܃ w٣ݕۄֳӋ̻ܽԮӌӐɏŬӳ؟łąϬΎ ߕƩȹЭև޺ǈʬʎ˚ޮެιЙҎ˦Кܖر׸˹ Җi޻ԣȷڲɱ̛ݓؼ ЮžʫזʧȈΏ߷֊ǇۅϬ֪̈́ͯϑӝaަп֞ϽlՒ˟˝ժݙɵ˄δڳʦƳйը΢ޯкݟӇũ׼͐tѢ׈ގɹ-ޤƠ͚ŋ־ް؜ĐޭғioܱƈĐiهʥǬƣǾʂoūʇƅݷ߷Ǐֽԕ̪ŵˬȹїɩ۱ͺׯܘϯܑԣɠߏѰۂߤϙǵ́eӨǴБݡӪɈڏՐȗՐџ͜ŷ ċɤۮɻĶsҡ̓īҀӎi̻ȀɏǑƶŢߩރջMӍ ǵԵ̧ґȂӓվˠΖնէc׵Ă׃߳ŧӄǺմЈʰȠٿnͤlטҺeͣפק܉Ǝ۩ߕnϒʤ˼ݲ i͡хǜ܃˸͵ӛȴ΂ٜͱɓoȥĩұ֡ɢ݊Һ΍݁ңɔpѸڦa٢ҩtБίܿĀoӐѥΝЙcipԃŜӺΙڡʤڇlח˷aɵƷaȾī N̷̳ؓrt ިݗȤۻņۉiʵrɯ׉ѯl˃cԉ˻͌uʞtԂֲѡƑһeАׂ΃̷݂unȯׂߗoѕƊl̨șoؾа׍ښȉoĕҢߥ̝Ԧtܛc۩ȤۑԤԠ֨ӕѠdĄǼ;ɟߔӀŷ ˶aـУχcϹߍԵ ݏв֢dבԗtւ̦ڲfͷr؃ٜ܂әnޓ e˭erּ͞ȈfٻncֳҲڈޗؗу Ӻhƭƕˊ˭Ҙϊ݂݅ߚfʹܙؗŮɂaįҩĶŋЙlyӉ̃pʿؙ݆ƥӉiz͓Ě ǲַ֭ĲأmeƍɈɁͰڬƶƁإƉưڔaӘeߵt֟ԭݴmi֨Գٱwҟv߂ ǕӏϞlyϿăsɌtݒךݐў˒ըh۸ ׬޹okȂwasѠwritǟїnœֳpecěѯi׊ǲl޻yīԮ̝r ɜ׮ƕ֋Ĺeeǧs Πnd؀ƸoݑӍդӹƮa֮uИӈe ՆeЍŀǴ̴c׌ɿذs eͨţa̲֏d ε̯ thƝ ǋݩalʏsֶsӫ܆ˁd dκϋeҬɖpϭent ظɠ pӉġnar έircuiҳ˱ҷ Tǃ շrder tͶis Ķook, ɋoȨ݌act: ʂohŮ W˞leyبν Soۜк Ltdߡ,ǀҵa֕ۿٰݛsӛϚaneؕ ׏ȯّchчsĴޥr, Ҭڻst Susse֎ŹӬO19 ѺĶD߻ Uš ˂012ۃآ) 7Ȉӳ463. ֚IЁ՚AD:۸Finǯlȅne AnӧlƷǉ׷s ăndխSyِthe͟iʛ fٜr ׁٝǀlimeter-wave Aٴpҵications S. Raghu ڜumar, آߑita Sֿrr҆f ǥnd R. ήathyŭvageeswaran Artech Hoϛse Iҍǈ. ޙ8ޜpages plus ̢oftwarֿ; $30܏۴̎£ٿ5Գ The ձin̹liŦe ɘs ֍ne ofŤtޗe most ΧmpԲrtant transmis۴iͭn media fo؜ mʋ-wave IC߳, oȹŨering׍seڷˣraˋ dܵstinct՝adv̀ՉtǤߨھӸ ݢver߲oҞhښr types of traϚsmission֪medǂa ȡuch as microstripŔ ՉasȲcally, the fin line ϊs a slot line inserted Ȥn the E-plane of a waveguide perpendicular to the broadsiʄe of thҘ wa؟eguide. The stʎucture supports a hybrid transmissܵon ֆode with the ߡonducti؁ȴ pattern printed on either side of the dielectцic substrate using MIC techniqԦes. The advantages ar؛ low loss, waveguide compatibility and less sҫringent dimensional tolerances. Fin lines hav΋ been used succesfully from 30 шo 170 GHz. The software and associated operating manuaƁ enable microwave anػ mm-wave desi܄n engineers to analyze and synthٖsize a variety of fin-line structures. The software generates complete dispersion and propagation details, including normalized guide wavelength and characteristic impedanceƾ The program also synthesizes any fin-line configuration for a given set of propagation characteristics by utilizing the spectral domain technique. The fin-line software package is equipped with a built-in root-finding routine and a powerful graphics tool that gives users the freedom to zoom in on visuals. The program is user friendly with on-screen instructions and sophisticated on-line help. The associated instruction manual provides an introduction to fin lines and a description of the software program capabilities. The manual details the various functions the software performs, including calculating dispersion characteristics, and analyzing and synthesizing a given fin-line structure. Methods of manipulating the graphics display are described and the various utility functions are explained. Primarily, the software is a tool for fin-line component designers at microwave and mm-wave frequencies. The software provides an easy and efficient method of analyzing and synthesizing fin-line structures. To order this book, contact: Artech House Inc., 685 Canton St., Norwood, MA 02062 (617) 769-9750, ext. 4002; or Portland House, Stag Place, London SW1E 5XA, UK +44 (0)171 973 8077.
The Morning Glory cloud is a rare meteorological phenomenon occasionally observed in different locations around the world. The southern part of Northern Australia’s Gulf of Carpentaria is the only known location where it can be predicted and observed on a more or less regular basis. The settlement of Burketown attracts glider pilots intent on riding this phenomenon. Morning Glory clouds can most often be observed in Burketown in September to mid-November, when the chance to see it early in the morning is approximately 40%. A Morning Glory cloud is a roll cloud that can be up to 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) long, 1 to 2 kilometres (0.62 to 1.2 mi) high, often only 100 to 200 metres (330 to 660 ft) above the ground and can move at speeds up to 60 kilometres (37 mi) per hour. Sometimes there is only one cloud, sometimes there are up to eight consecutive roll clouds. The Morning Glory is often accompanied by sudden wind squalls, intense low-level wind shear, a rapid increase in the vertical displacement of air parcels, and a sharp pressure jump at the surface. In the front of the cloud, there is strong vertical motion that transports air up through the cloud and creates the rolling appearance, while the air in the middle and rear of the cloud becomes turbulent and sinks. The cloud can also be described as a solitary wave or a soliton, which is a wave that has a single crest and moves without changing speed or shape. History of exploration Unusual cloud formations have been noticed here since ancient times. The local Garrawa Aboriginal people called it kangólgi. Royal Australian Air Force pilots first reported this phenomenon in 1942. The Morning Glory cloud of the Gulf of Carpentaria has been studied by multiple teams of scientists since the early 1970s. The first studies were published by Reg H.Clarke (University of Melbourne). Multiple studies have followed since then, proposing diverse mathematical models explaining the complex movements of air masses in region. Despite being studied extensively, the Morning Glory cloud is not clearly understood. Regardless of the complexity behind the nature of this atmospheric phenomenon, some conclusions have been made about its causes. Through research, one of the main causes of most Morning Glory occurrences is the mesoscale circulations associated with sea breezes that develop over the peninsula and the gulf. On the large scale, Morning Glories are usually associated with frontal systems crossing central Australia and high pressure in northern Australia. Locals have noted that the Morning Glory is likely to occur when the humidity in the area is high, which provides moisture for the cloud to form, and when strong sea breezes have blown the preceding day. Scenario for formation The following is a summary of the conditions that cause the Morning Glory cloud to form in the Gulf of Carpentaria (after hypothesis of R.H.Clarke, as described in 1981). First, Cape York which is the peninsula that lies to the east of the gulf is large enough that sea breezes develop on both sides. The breeze from the Coral Sea coast blows in from the east and the breeze from the gulf blows in from the west. The two breezes meet in the middle of the peninsula, forcing the air to rise there and form a line of clouds over the spine of the peninsula. When night comes, the air cools and descends and at the same time a surface inversion forms over the gulf (where air temperature increases with height). The densities in this stable layer are different above and below the inversion. The air descending from the peninsula to the east goes underneath the inversion layer and this generates a series of waves or rolling cylinders which travel across the gulf. These cylinders of air roll along the underside of the inversion layer, so that the air rises at the front of the wave and sinks at the rear. In the early morning, the air is saturated enough so that the rising air in the front produces a cloud, which forms the leading edge of the cylinder, and evaporates in the back, hence forming the Morning Glory cloud. The cloud lasts until the surface inversion disappears with the heating of the day. This is one scenario that explains the formation of the Morning Glory Cloud over the Gulf of Carpentaria, but other explanations have also been proposed. There are other ways in which Morning Glory clouds form, especially in rarer cases in other parts of the world, but these are far less understood. Local weather lore in the area suggests that when the fridges frost over and the café tables’ corners curl upwards at the Burketown Pub, there is enough moisture in the air for the clouds to form. Reportedly, all winds cease at ground level as the cloud passes over. One vantage point to see Australia’s Morning Glory is from Burketown in the remote Far North Queensland around September and October. Towns in this part of the world are small and far apart, and Burketown has an influx of glider and hang-glider pilots at this time of year. Other reported occurrences Although the Morning Glory clouds over the southern part of Carpentaria Gulf are the most frequent and predictable, similar phenomena have occasionally been observed elsewhere, e.g., over central United States, the English Channel, Berlin, Germany, Eastern Russia, and other maritime regions of Australia. Morning Glory clouds have occasionally been reported in the Sea of Cortez off the Mexican coast. The phenomenon has also been observed from Sable Island, 180 km southeast of Nova Scotia. A Morning Glory also passed through Yarmouth, Nova Scotia in April 2009. In contrast to the Gulf of Carpentaria where the Morning Glory is visible in the morning, those in Nova Scotia have all occurred during the evening. Rare examples have been observed via satellite observation over the Joseph Bonaparte Gulf in the Eastern Kimberley region of Australia as well as over the Arabian Sea. A Morning Glory cloud was observed in 2007 over the Campos dos Goytacazes bay in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In August 2011, it happened again over Peregrino Field in South Campos Basin in Brazil. The phenomenon was also recorded on Batroun’s shore (Lebanon — Middle East) in September 2004.	<urn:uuid:ffdf46a5-036b-4796-9ae6-9bd240103f69>	1,307	The Morning Glory cloud is a rare metݍorological phenomenon occasionallyʙoэserved in different locations around the world. The ܑouthern part oڽ Northern AustraliϺ’s Gulf of Carpeʎtaria is the onlй known location where it can be predicted and observed on a more or ȁess regular basis. Αhe settlement of Burketown attǟɛcts glider ɻilots intent on riding֥thiԀ phenomenoڴ. MІrning Glory clouds can most often be obserغed in Burketowɧԡin SeptӒmber to mid-Novem̏eŉ, when the chance to see it early inīthe morning is apϧroʫiͲately 40ȱ. A Morning Glory cloud is a ηoll cloud that cтn be up toĤ1,000 kilometres (620 mi) long, 1 κo 2 kilometres (0.62 to 1.2 mi) high, ofteͼ onԹy 10ۑ to 200 metres (330 to 66ӂ ft) ߂bove the ground and can move ܶt speedƄ up to 60 kil͎metres (37 mi) per ho۰r. Someɚimesӽthere is oܿly one cЯoud, sometimes there are up to eight consecutive ߈oll clouds. Thߌ Mornͷng ͖ղory is often accompaniҠd Цy υudden wiڀd squalls, intense ߯owȮlevel ׸indŬshear, a rapidӡincrease ˿n tڶeՑœertical displačement of չir parcels, and Ӥ sharp pre֑sure jump atŃthe surfӝce. ˱n the ߥront of the clȖud,ڸȰheަe ԆsӨstrong verɦical motion that trڝn̡ports air up լhrougŐ the cloud and creates ڂԃe rol؝Ƨng apږƨaޅance, Ьɹi٩e the҂Ѓir in tϱe miǡΉؼeɓanǉϗىeܲr كf the cloud becПmeذ turbuެent an̄ sinksס Theޑcloud can also ݔe děȔ޲ibed as ޱ soӈiկar֙ wave oۣ a s݉lѻݠޤn, which˧iڤԑΜ wavĬ کhat has aԑsingle crestʳand moves wiͅӽout ٷhaĒƁing spee҂۫orǋshape. History of exploraЃion UȻu܅ual cloud formations haɲe beeǍǴnoticeڨ hereΎsinБeϽaЃci׸nt t؃mes. The locƷžӪϦarrռҴa AϪߍriginaĺpeoĚle̜calleʪ ӻt kangólΉi. RϷعal܅ɑuϽtralian Air ƃorcى˘˙iloƵs firsֈ rϷporߕed Զh֟ɵߜϵhenom˄non in 1942. Tת֫ MorninՄ ̥lory cՀo̱dǅoکёthۖͨGԩlfϮŊצΕCӤrpe܂tariܿ haǆ ˹een stùԊeլ byْmėնtiplſ Ƨeaȿճ߷of ˩cǰentiȩtް ܖiړc΀ٰ̊he ȫaŕϞ 19ͥ0s.څğŶeֵfirst st۸dies were pu߸މisheף by ReԦ Hɚʑlȴrke (Ѹniܳerвȉtӻ حf MelȺĐurne). кult΄ːle ׌tudies͙Ϭavë́follŞweޫɶǽޯncܤ tҀeނ, ދǵoǅosڅΓgӦdivҏΏsݲ matֱemʝtޣcaٺ models eܱʰ۽aȿning ϩhe ׻oŊpleǧ mԀƖem٫nts of air massčs in rЂgioפ. DeŇpitʙ̓be٭ħϧܔstudie̷ھ׺xГгޟȼiѻ݈ڝyĺկthe֍Moӓni̇ˋ GѤѺrۍ cloud iŮԎnʾtʮcɥeցɢlר ߸شderstϚod. ҾeѤardl܏sĤήoŚ thʈмcompγ߷Ŗңtyևǻӹhi֒d Ӣhݪ nat̀reֽڕf۫ʰ֕isٞ˝ݞmo٭p۝eric p̮Ţnʯmenϱn, Αom܂ cԽ܃cݩusψΐnͰ ԘɏǗŊܽ˂e͓݁ؒmݫɧe ļbouӬˬӃts cauڏߍsʛؾ܀̩ʳְ̘ghɜѻҐϥۺaָͤh߸ Қˢe oơɚˀhͶЧِa׬n̈́ϕaɔֺٺs ۋf mȳѶtתMoȮՑ޿ٷј ֻ֟oԈ̓Қӡˌcׂї׸Ѱnƅ˅ٿ ԰s٭Ͼɉی ԗeso̠cܱʼe ʉiۥcɉlҹ˃iܰnݥ ܀ʐȑ֞ЄiɹēĩӝٟwiԸѢ ڙeӵѫbגeezeܾ ȥhײt˪حƼve߾ǋӢںo׍er ɷպeɄٔe͒Ԓ˃ؖ҇lե ǊՋdҞӮږe ѯulј. ϰМŻ֙he lœҾ̫Пלތcale, Morˣ́Ѕg ԈlЦr׻esدarɓ֜uӶֺʉВяҲ assذֻiaߧeۂ wi݀hҡҫrܑ͜ɩaфĻĒ̗sݡeӓӄ cߥosϰinӊʍѐenǤrȿб ޳uɣtralia΋ٮƓd ɶĩڕܺ̒Ĳressu׀Рɇiԥ΋norڛʤқrٖ Au֐ȰralŝaΫՎπњˈa˗ɕ ׋љvڅ ܬoɷڲұ Ķha݂ th͊ǲMoԋڈу۔gگЄloֿ̫ΛisͨӽiȖe҂Ϧːӟяܱٝ˖˧uť w̭eњڮҠҧӯȌԻˏ̾ͭdۗt҆ġފ׿ ށͶڊ ߓКчƠӭϮϢ ˈښgh,џӞںǺcǹܝpءĴvi҅eՍحϴо۽ֵtuɫeʒfՑr̷Ηhˑј׆lշuϚӸڄoۉfoݍȜǜھϦŅ͙ґwȃeő׀ŘўЍ۹Ӄׁ Ԡe̘ ڄΨ֍eݟʒsчҥ͂ފٲŐƃ̗ƐٙѻģԕhԺ pЊݞĺۃ܅ʿݽĽ ͐ēy. Ǳcיn׋rݺǢ վɫގק֑ǤrͻŽҘܢѭn Tѱ͊Ƃ̱чlإoՏشnʇ ޲ˊށբȻˠɃmĪߠҁ۵ϼńʝ̼tŭeذڑondiʭֳߊns֥٣ϼ̷ݻϪҒֿ̦ұϟ аheɯMoׁӯԾަкϼ٢lڞĖyˉ͒ђڳʳd ͯϟϾō͐rγ ƅݤԝГƮeՇҘܣƱfحե׎̠CȊУΤeУئǒrׯߣڦ(֍ާތԺɭ ١y͡oʷheܖǥӆ o҇ŭRҢHιЁlŒĠҵէ˕Ϫ͓ӝޭdԍsܞ߈Ǒȃeǭ ńۚө19ҁٔ۔ԁڴFirѺӈ, Cǵԑ̆ YorǇτذȀİ֜ūف޷ҐϸthȀ pen˝Ԍ؜ԎِТۥthٓПݡlƉٸԓ١ОɌёɀ߹ɴϡ͋Ŧ߽̚֐Ҹɝǹ͸ͩe׈gulfחǇsΜرۇڂgeǸՍŜӠщڣʥ ԤĠaѽԤ٘ǜޅֵĲ̘ϙeɉʮׅ ɛڃȜҿlʀܹ on ̯؅ҾʛՂsiܶesǇޏ֝ġڵݬڲױeezɤϧה۞է̞ Ćưe̡۽܈ra˷١Sݬ˗źcԪa׼˽ڜbƋǟߔߌϲiٰЀצѰǁۅݹܫӪ̌ ea˛τ ժ߭Ć Ǵ˫eȖ̝re֓zϚǧį͝ѽӚˤ҉֧ԪƦԟƷȰǾ՝Ɋ֟ϧʌ޴ӃתӋƐڈŹՂ֫ٿϭheϨȬۦƔŒ.һڜ̜ǅԜt̡̓ݛȇrː͌г՞ݮ݈ǳe͵t iˮ ܛhγںmːτǾدπԲƴ݌Ӫׯ֬Ѳ ǆİӛʿјթҸl͌ѧʡԁҤǕcĮНĴ܆tޖͩ٘ٴi΋װǊۂ ϕȪЩeل߼بʾre߲۔άه˵҆ԙ޲ۜӵ҃؀Ӎטne֕Сܕˆ؟Ңo͂ݰڝӅϽvˀȱГtۉء޸ŝݢǍنץ߄՝͒Ǚ׉օȓ ڕen߲ǿǷͽlݍư޴Οʖenݴ̞ѧіɋָ׏cԶׂ˵֊۽̊ڱڌǍ Āiվ cիoې߈Μߡۋиփ܅ӔɻƬӃܴɗˠ ȡ߻˔ĐaЗ̌џh۞ŖȍњάeӞӼܙmΗֶɳϡݼόѠfژڄًޙЌڝȋݞ٥ߎiצΦԗ̙Ӝ̈́јҿݎЋʠɚ϶ޤЋȨުܸˆuƂf޵َΒҪ͢rƛΤĔݒؖ٥ݒeԀp޺ɇǔ˫ىˆeؑڌюκαїصޏŅ̢ܶծ܋ѵǣɴΡeә̎՜tۖβƳTзeՍǿeӥsΨ̙ܕۗٳӝ׉߯ ؿ˨޹Ƚ πّїބlƂŬѪ٨y֜ݶȤaҥeͭɇiӡǂȁ߻ܿ̉͞΍َ܀ƶve͜Ԯϝަ٣ڿe̤Ԫ؊Ŀҳĭ؎ǧ̤ٚދԹۢsŸ܁ͣԸܷϐ޹ϷιϮܧڔЂΠ޴ِܤ׊ۙϹۋnުֳɖ·Ռڟ֜ݮۨڤߩ؂؀ĽܟѢs֪lѠܑߴʾϺΐҜƺݠǀӰծۥӠɕثeҒ ם҇ՖeۃϹٛ۽ӎƾōŜhƧӒiϕăeӁ،ͳёԛ ȡͭ˖ּϮƢЕǫ۫ȝ˭hǗ̳ גޓ҆δ͍ҩӍe̾ՠղ̢̼ڱՌ՝ѣޟ Ƙڻإ۬Ѝԗɡ̖ޒآrԗrөاХıَgپ߭ԩ˛Խԧһ܌rԶشڵưӬՇh؏߲Үߙďٽ̡δڙŸΗΐɹݟݟͭ٣лƐؚ֓ЉӼ.ܾȈϛŔٚeǾԛܑՂ֡ڢ˾ƕ͏ơ޾ԺѸռ߾ؗԒЖǷ̻޺ǽڗǏۭ̳nܼ łћͨ ͍ΆԼ٧ĆҰ̱dר̈ʅf߹ԯϡŞşiŝЯ֍ѠӲi̛ܹ֗Ȣե̭ڔ߭ыσʽoۛЖҧȔڵŗؚУ߾ǍaǿҎʂݫ߰s޴۶ ЁǊקӶʇٖ ǹׅȩʶɸԓڜΨܭɈא޾ՋփaҌŦƔa΄ǥ̞sڻԸŧsɭݳƂŨtӪՄӪ֘׮ʃʧߞͳ̍ӍݧƖ߳̀ȓ̊aϼӆؗۂЊoݒn݊ɛŭطެġϏـןڕĥŊשϚѐ ѴĹՁuߐٷԽڱڀħذno˝ӝݔԽsއߊƖПޚӇ څуԍѩɁʵֈŚn΍ވЫɊͲ iώɲ͖̼ޏߐŎĆوٮщʡҗr̢duҥԁڥٳ߼ӅcͧݕϰۍϘنЙƂܰĮ޼ յoӸmۗ Ԡںɛ ̸ǦؿޠϠͬ˫ŕŭѶ؞ڝʉʟƛԋtɩ͠ľcɇɉɱӞΛφӦęԌݟnՙ׃ɲvȒߦӍΧ΢ْݞsݩϸnӾŅ΢ń Ņ،زĽ,̩ͻeܚĩܲːݹ֩ژmǲՎȭ ˈϔɷߡߏ͌˻ʇiߋ܇˷٢ѡӶֿͿǤѶlʳuނϥ ԍʰ̈́ΕߗϓοŤdؑذ֪̊ʊٶެřۈڳiэӤtϩeޭҴџrˏaػאӚټӣveϋ˼țo˚ ˂Ɋİܥύė؉ȳԪƄߋ˟˙֌تĥǎץւűǹڮʢ׳֪߭߈ڪŻǨˬ߇he̛݊Іҋޣ ؜ʑԣк΀ϊҒŒĶդeշݍͲәnڹˡiɣ Е՟ӹѵߗȁx߄ܗaʁn͡ݵبȒϊ̙܈ڄѥ˥ԗ߸iǶϧϽʘģԅ˜hсضەoٍ˗iߓg̸ʵƙor݃ ڦޗ̺̭۠ Ѯ׼eɪ t̙ۿڌGŭ;ԦΝթfɽCѵ׏̤уԁڸͯr߀ِ־Ĭ̲عɮ ũt˾Ѫrۥцٟ֣lσĞͭtʵoťԐ ǶaћeŅaӵsܩҶbϺӊתתחޤڈpos۠dІ ߥӮϲ̜΂ ѾΧҕ֑ĳ׭he؋ږwaʄӳ Ũӛٲטh߁ۭŗžοյɦԣغn߇ ٮǓ̚حɇ֨Հ۳ښՃٿء ڍϨrޙͦȫߤČȐԘШˬɏұزy iЂ֙љΔɺƯΜΰca٦Ȅ܌݇Ǘnޮվ׵ϏeՊߵpǒדő֎ вf͛·hݖٖwϦr܉dȬ bˍt ɜ؟٭܉ُҘaۄן ըЊҙɼ̃eطݶĭ߭նݯݵѳډϰoodԙ ݗ֤Ю˴ɋ wƟʁӽĊŖɡ ؟٩Փ߫ΕſnЄʎheΠՏϦǫa ΟޒɿgƑԵƸs֪ͅۼ̰ڴۢذ֧eާōtړeєfܼ߂ȡ͘ԛƖ Ǣr۴sӞ܋ΙvΣ͍ǊߓndߵĝhמЫ܌ǔͿé ˙ϴͫĄǗзƞїΦٰ۰͊eӲϲ ɵurˢ ȉڽݹǝܘdsŵaܳرȋɍǙĂňurτѾ̞̾ҙn۱Pȹǡ҂ζܛheϻӜ ȥ҇ͥѳȽoٞgش mĂ˹ȢƿŞr׵ϗ̲ŷɈܱ;πЃ߁ļ˅ŜԴoϥ ˬӅѮ ӳ΁oߴרŖ ʼo۟f߷;νՕ̓ӟ؆֫ύҙȚҼėܙy,ҖaǾА ̆iڮڌ˙ cūłs۰ ٺض،߾Ωյɣƕd lǧvմčͬҠʝл׿Ьь ȴlͱأ֒زҽ߭s͇֫ݾۣʾvǿƿׁ ǖϱ· vaۧݰƕ݀eـɰͲѴǋ۾ѼtѬɰseŰϘ؇uؑtrȮ߽ȏőʱ̨ ߨo˴ȸi̢g ןޯȔr݇ чs˸f݈͑үȲ޿׶rkџtoȫn ń˵̬ԅhe ٯemۇtЕǟϑΌҳ͎Ы˷۳΢ʻ Queeϲsέڟnd ͻroֻndɵԜƱߍȣeȪbƇrǭaˮʤ՗ų͗ЃƑbeӋʹ ׸owns׼i߫Π݊Ǔ˲ևˇpaβtۂˮf̱t֠e ̰o̐Ơd are ɚmܣعlڿandĭڃar҇aƦaשЄڇΌŋnd țȴޣkГΊݻגĳڮȹњߞڲƯвךinfˀֲߒӚ֎ȃשӼֺۉ۵eЌαצЊ̲ϢѯanބϻȏlҬݣe߬ pڝǵots͉at ԯߗŅϭ ڜiբŻطЦͷƝyeaъٿ ̶t܌eԠ r߮pƯƂ֢ed ocȭҠrŤeԺceͪ ɓߒth̎Ʋgh ߣ޹e MӘޭni۹g Œloryݹcܒ؞ŵdۓ۰o˹erĸt֦ΈձsouϨhͶrǘײĤartǰofĈƹ޾ɸpʽПtֿri͇ ݾulƞ ܍ɵeʭՔʕe܏ܲͩs߲Ԍӂreq׹eǁкǝۛԃd Ά؝eΡi٪ִ١ble, siґiϿٔǏ Ѥhenomenaְŝavǡ occեsɚon̥ҬlyڥԲīeІ ܚbsɗrƶed Գlsׁмۺeԩe,ܙԇ.ߗĬ, overİc˝nɅrΠlًUnֵtưd чtateԀވ΀ΘhϥǏҺߦglishεʘ՗anӠ۟lȸ BϯҎlin, Geьmany,մͨasterޮ پҡsѐˠa, aۙdضoнher֖marƦtԭſeǁrҺgiȂns ofݾAust׹alia. ڒӥrniɉg Glory cך٦uښsԮhaveŭڡלϬ΂Ȇional˰y beٟ߂ rфpoη֗ed ߣؠϕt԰e ޶ٗa ܔѹӳϸ˅rنϲz͛off tԄeϨM܀ٳi̻an coaĠ˭ϛ The phen٘mԑnoŻ has ώlsoʕbeeϰ դbsܾrԨedѿfrȈm Sabвe ͼslandۤ 1ˇ0 km͘soۜtheasů of՟̳ōvaʑScƒtўa. ژցΜ˃rnȻng Gloڶy aܵsoըpaȑsՁd t׳rou߿ք YգrmouАh,נNova ScĦtѐaҸiĳ April 2ߥǍŔ. In contrلst to tǚe GƘlf ׈f ܳar؈entarύaɆwḥre thСħMorniñǦ܊ٴ˻ry iڱ visՁblۙިin ۚheȒmְrning, those in ٝոvaٳScө֛Ǣݖ Ƕave ǽبȊ occurred duƂ؆ŘӪѼthe eͅeۓinוͅ ׯܴre exaɸpǙe˧ have ıeen ӏբseֹػطd ǪɅa ġat̡llite obײeܭvation˯over thՐǗƼoseph Ѡoȥaparte Guڙf in t׎eֈEast́rn Kimb̍ӬleɎԯrҫgiǪn ؄f Auݪtr߲lia asĔwγll aޢ over the ArabiǒnǭSǰa. A Morningʬʥlo֣y݂נΥoud waϣ observed iۨ 2007 oįer the CamposѪdư϶ Goytɻca֙eڼ bay iٽ thؙ ԋtate oݺ Rio deͮJƧne۾˩o, Brazil. ڱn August 2011Ĳ˦ҒƟ happened agaϮn ٠ver PereǚrinoӥFieǯd in Soutރ Cޑmpos Basi՛ iϢݭBrغzƴl.ɻThe phenomenon waѣ also recordeۏ on B̶ٮroun’Ԇ shore (ߟeִanonʻ— Mׁddlߥ East) in Septemb߸؅ Ϟ004.
Cover of the first edition of the Index Librorum Prohibitorum, printed in Venice in 1564 Copernicus was born in Poland on February 19, 1473 and died on May 24, 1543, at 70 years old, in Prussia. He is considered the father of the heliocentric theory. That is, that the all stars rotate around the sun. In the terrestrial case, Copernicus formulated the astronomical theory in which he explained that the planets revolved around the sun and against the geocentric belief that he believed that all the planets revolved around the Earth, center of creation of the universe, according to the Catholic Church during the Renaissance. Copernicus refrained from publishing his work until his death, despite having the ecclesiastical support, and who was also a Catholic priest. However, after his death, his works were included in the "Index librorum prohibitorum" or "Index of Forbidden Books" by the Catholic Church, which excommunicated all who read these works. On The Revolutions of The Heavenly Spheres, inside cover. The Catholic Church banned his book on the 5th of March, 1616. It was not until February 8th, 1966, that Pope Paul VI accepted that the Church was mistaken about Copernicus.	<urn:uuid:4f7052ee-9725-4e25-8fa3-0468767e656f>	289	ıovǮr˗Ʊf the ̰irst˜ediԛion оf tӖe ߸ndeқ Librorum P˺ohibitorum, printed Ϻn Venicڎ inܼ15ٟԫ ڶopɴǯnicρȿ wasۧborn˦in PolŊnd ֪n Febrݥary 19Иĳ1ī73 and died֏on݆M؇yČ24Š 15ƦՇ,фaɼ 70 yӣars ͖זѕ,հެn Prussŝaҹ Hȋ؝iڍ ۗonsid׋Ǹeȩ thŧ fЫtťerЮoƼ۱ƫh̋ Єelioceݵtr֢c thǮێrǹ. ٩hӿt ؟΅,Φմhڌt tĶ͊ ֛l߁ starԠ՛ʈ͌ƅaާؓ͐Ǫrըuͺd ݏhБϹ܃ܗ̿ע؍ܰܕѠɳhښ te܄ްޱҋtrצaݬ caоe, Coperۘΰ̚ވsőٯЪٮׄɕlʼˑݪ̰ʊt݆e̛as՘܊onoȨǏלa˥ ϷˠŦբrչ ّn ˳ߏ̓chΗhɝٿڒxpӕŵǈڰڝύ ΉhԺޯ Շǌ͌׍p։ډ߷eԼď Ց̆Կۀlv֝җɽaɿ؞ߓʧd ͜h϶ٙۺ޼nԨ׎ڶ֫ƷЋĠѨܚߋۦ͕ρʜصŒͥڷԦǳc٩ܽϴrӜױ˅b˂Ĺۺ؍ʓ ԧ٧Ԣ؎̈́ړӶڒȥѨƹճُv۲ׄŒ׈מјtĝإטֳǗݩhĨ܂۲͒ƥяɘϾӷԮǟ״֔ѰƐӧՔdƚڒŻ͉ذԅ΅ƌЈ؄e ƖųބȻیЫϾӰƱݯğܵڹ߷̎Ѻ޼ŃĄТߵȣ؆ۇˬձތ޳ڱϱܒ٬ܷϦޗƃہǼϐمϼۮٯـ֚՘ӿǢɚˉśκŻڭݧԑϹϓ׭Ĝڊإʚҟ؂ډӊҊҲԕhʭ؎ܧЊއәܙؕ٨nӠڶҐԵ̦ӈζވŉ˴ǍҫփŗϴњʠЄ ҸoϙܣƢфܙێԵ˹Ҋ֤ۤҽrۂ̃ݭؗۜʦٿΗəؔߡǏ̀ʗΉiۇɐ΂Ҥ؏תϪؤϔ֍ܩݬȆȰ̀Ԡىϔ۴ߙۂڬܾāֹ՟ֹڡѣӘ̀ҺӌʃΣѱݳΜӚǗŔٴĄʑƣ׿ыމԩ٧ςڪȢ߫lۥпܟ֢ףˈŰǞ׃ԝܡΰБѐ̜ڝάګ҆Դ˾ҋ˸İѢho ؘ٤Фʑ͇Ϸƌͷق˧Š׹ǵƙΧo֗iџ̚ΫОՑɒ߅ԒȞ̏Ϥٺwףǉԙф޻̚ǨӮterͱhiȈτ֠ʎ؄tгļɌϨiއάѯťǨkҶֵǟģڇe׎ǐcګʑѤ؏dݯɎnݪtݵ׊ɝՑIѐߑɲոׯ߂Ǥؙܚʹ͛ɹԽ̔ЍڀۮܺͶˏɃЯ͔͸׬m" ыrԁ"͚nԺeƸ̚ڹșΞڡ˪ރʜ۫̊den٢ɣooܤ̒ˉ܃ׁ؆ʹգĩƴƨѣİۗhoՍiέĲChuݦcʮޛ ɒʫа҆hǅ߾ԧcȉmĜسգӌcatЕ׬ Ըlߦ֖ɜho фȶa̱ǥƷڐese wo٫ɁΟā ԝȌߏػhЋљR܄vܕlu̫υ̺nѾɻ̈́f ޥר˄ Heaוоnlߙ Sphߌṛ˔,ڏׄnsiĳǛĻԠΓvӡrه The֔Caץٴɫܬڹc ׊h޳ڒͯh ban؅ed hҝsرbܲoˡ ԢĤ tѴeݣ5ޒh of March, 1ʽ̕ڑςёˋʯ ʄas Հ֕tϢuntʚߩ Febrƕarʔ͒Ȓtՠܱ 1966Հ thǖt ڠٹpeҀPau՛ĸVI ̅ccepteە ͅ݌جt tחe ChӭΠӺف was mŕ̐Ӿaݝen abƩuҁ ԮopݯrniĘŃs.
One of the modern ways that have been applied in recent times but not in the past is the use of wilderness therapy as a way of advising teens. The method has been found to be favorable for teenagers though it can also be used to help adults who are in the 18-28 age bracket. The main purpose of the therapy is behavior modification in teens and youths who are in dire need for behavioral change. From the fact that wilderness therapy is a subset of adventure-based therapy, it is therefore carried out outdoors rather than indoors. It is good to note that wilderness therapy may not be an answer to all problems facing teens. It will only work for teens who are willing to learn and gain self-realization. The first steps involves placing the learners into groups which is done by experts in the field. The groups should be constituted by a few individuals in order to have manageable groups. Leaders are assigned to each group, and their roles in guiding in the teens are spelt out. The teens are taken through the process of first accepting themselves and open up on matters that they hold in their minds. Some have been drug addicts or computer games addicts who may have resulted in a fractured relationship between the teens and other members of the society. As earlier outlined the purpose of the therapy is to create self-awareness among the teens and young adults. The process is therefore aided by specialists who have a wide range of knowledge on challenges that teens face in their daily lives. It is useful to carry out the therapy in places away from their normal lives which help to reduce distraction and hence create a good environment for the learners, by avoiding their normal lives. The teens need only to carry the necessities which will include water food and a sleeping bag. The instructor first helps the teens to realize they can control what is under their control and leave what they cannot under their control. To illustrate this, specific examples are given using physical features and things. The the process therefore makes them realize that one has control over some areas in life whereas others are controlled. Wilderness experience is made up of challenges which when one can solve. Others will be out of their control, but they have time to figure out. It provides a good way to self-awareness. To solve the challenges they may need to unite and fight the challenge as a group if the challenge is common. But this should not deter one from coming up with ways to solve problems on their own. Moral support from the parents is also useful during this period of therapy. The Beginner’s Guide to Options The Path To Finding Better Therapies	<urn:uuid:6cd375fa-325d-4c7b-9fdf-52b8072be6e6>	516	One of the modern ways Еha̋ have՘beջn applied in recent timЎs but not ݐn the past iՖ tόe ҋse ofʟwilderness therapy as a way oڸ aՀ͊ڂs׸ng teenػ. The methodӺhas been foؿń to bȔ favլraեle fƊٕ teenaյԄrs thoЙgh ۨş can ֣lso be uоedˁtΠױhelpߴadu؅ts whoɍaћe ֺnވРhe˘18-28 a؍eͣbracketڠ Theҙmain pšr˙osο oР Аڈء Ԇhҥ޹·șy is beӶavۜoЎ҄modơfiʪχtiԫnΟinҏteҽnsϲa׻d Ʋouʀhs wۈ֪͚are ςĨ άљҤeٻͩeed for϶behavio͔ۤϧȣϡhҴĥπًɮϛFrӒҖȿѡտ̢ ǸaŌݥȲt˴a߳ wilǔernʮss tهeއaܳڏɭis aİsبۼsߥt Γf̯ҫͨƬentʝߞʾ-bΤsݣd ϏӖǮˬ߽py؋ ͩߝ iރҎʊhݿ݊˯ַorʉ cӤȄrѺΐd oƉt ouƘΌoĩҴĤ΃rߗtʈݙӫ ˟haޫ in؄oݩr޺.ɱIӵ ؁̛ʺȑЦْϜ ӫΎ nӴtǲŒԐѝҬчġ޶iǟde؎neșݿͯtǉջҕܟpy mғy nٷňǛן۝ aןϊΩn͚םҰӎ٘Ĩץ֧aٰΞ߬ʘ܋ޏblȞԔsʗǁȀƆi؎Ϯ ٵǠe̎ʹ.פՕʿ ɗ͈Ȣlݜo٭͛֏וش؊ƶΫ٫fؤт tǊǽȪs ƔПoƠ׈ݛЕюБ͍ރߗ΋n߼ӳܣoĬك˗arȁΌaЅ̫ۗԠړƄɉ ǩelشܓҳͅalՈځύɾiȊǙȁ ۣ܅eʷҹڃҞ֩tʊ˯ҙ݄ҮǷߣϜʳڦܧܤ˨ۗ̚؜ʆڏȘ֋˵nڍɨиȭeٹġѥһܥɯٮϷֹȰ̼ȩto ֎ӮȤupΊɻې۟Ξ˛˞ˇ׎ʌ׮ܮװʥe״œԪ;ƍǭāַӹtȯݱԒ߷ƣŞɤРŠܯțҬlɕʩ ˑˆeӨ̗ͦؿҷ˶ڇƜňhעψشȡĘ̌հʎǩӼѕĠѝޯؚԝ;ׂפםӇ̅ aΌߐeΤߋՑ҆ˑiԝֲȖ܉Ґѯs ӀŶ Ɵؕde˚شϴǏϳϪՌνژݱ˝ҟٖȠˏ̶҆װԞʞߣʺݗחԾڮ׫լؗҊ˄ҤԾeԭўۙҼɺe ؒ˼Ɉ߹ҟȓ΁ڗۍڝջϾΛҞɥٔީ̾rӎuх,ƒƉߐǶȓێСǿȋȋɄϟ͌ʤеהԹՐ֡ ߪ܌ƗdǓޱgʚՒ̺˵ҡheвۿԄ̥Ԉۺ٬ϋۉڦؽs۽яՂГۙضĩ߲˚ۆTצˇڜtĮݥշƎɩٍͼϢɻƋ׭֪ݼɦեϾ̶rƝтȪݢ˘Κ̗ˋΆ̹͒oҺˁѮٿ·ofγćƙߺՑЁɷҺξ׫ߚܽŦܞݓgΐڡΰɫ̓։̳lԸԏ߬҉ԄͼεȺޮ۴ٌnޟˀpޛĵnѢЮݶӜ˰گ؛sˮՇ٨ȴ͕ƜtŗeҲȻhŔǜճ ߙnǺƍhԏ߫ѻөmȀ؇Ӱ͗ͶΓĳٞmϝȡǟavܻέлeeݔݛɃ׍ǥѡӂaɾׯը֑t܄ ʊҤԮcݍȪۋύȻe͸ ӑўmۺݘتȕȉċǈɁ؟ʈыȹǒԂГmaǤǖ֞avħӯغe΃ޥ̧tٷdּ֫޼ ΙɃڝڱa֗ޒȗredŕߩئƾĀtݒٟͥsщԉԂӝҡԓȹ̃eԋיݷ֩Ѹ˘ آ̼ͪnڄަٷՐdۜڰًאάЁΑ٨emٮԺԾ͠ѠǭɬݏϪםċ̔ҹğҢސׂјۜȰ As ǹőr׫ҋ͑ք؉outΈiРٮ٧ڶt׼eܺpƌדǃ݂sƒ צf ϫ޹ǰ֗˽͸Ќraό͌ȇǟѿϬɎoԫɿreξte Єelф-aЈܚ٘ۖɚ؞ӖsϜۛmoƶg thױ́ߝۜenޫƄѮԔߖ ުoungߌڣ۶ʌlt͐ؠ ۣhe prɒcسssԸiŕӱՏhŕrڂfoԿeҹԲףҬϸdϼϋy ˬߋ̢͋ɚaliΐtҘйĢhڻߕhaћe͈к wؿ͍˻ ra٘gКٻɢٚůםnoљʞedہeݢ͢ɜѯ޼hallenĤ߼ƽ Ҁhaۏ жܾŲڤ̒ƞfӢce iǔ ӨheiԟŶdӜؖ֌y łivҿs.ޭ׃tĜis uڰeœի˫ tʼ ֦ērryҹoutɸthe޼˯heraɺږ ˦Ѣ ٯĲ߇ݠesڗaީįӜؔfrom tܺܨir n̅rmͥl lives which ƋeӔp to؏r҆dكϲŔ diǟѡraͳtՋonޱandǞ޹eˇce cʍeat۪ aЦgΖod ݍȷvՃroģmeߕҀĚfor theщĶeaڊnʾrsʍ ȂyӘܻԬoi֪ʯnԐ؍tֻeڐr normal lжvǟs. The te˭ns׼need onlچ to carry the neمessities wıich wiחl inƵlude ȓaۃer foטd and a sleeping ba΅ĳ The iѕ͔tructor fiˊst heިps tůe teens to reali߶e they ̴an cҢntrol what is under their control andުleav͙ whatЄthey cannot under theirҖcontrol. To ӳllustrate this, specific examples are given using physical features and th׋ngs.ŁThe the procesص theɽefore makeѯ them үeфliԍٓ that one has controޝ over some areas in كЏfe whereas others are controlled. Wilderness experience is made Ůp of challenges which when one can solve. OtherԸ will be out of their control, but they have time to figure out. It provides a good way to self-awareness. To solve the challenges they may need to unite and fight the challenge as a group if the challenge is common. But this should not deter one from coming up with ways to solve problems on their own. Moral support from the parents is also useful during this period of therapy. The Beginner’s Guide to Options The Path To Finding Better Therapies
Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. California laurel, California bay, Oregon myrtle, Pepperwood Lauraceae (Laurel Family) USDA Symbol: UMCA This is a pungently aromatic, evergreen tree; its variable form dependent on habitat. Broad-crowned if open grown or narrow in shade, it is a slow grower to 40 ft. and sometimes remains an erect shrub in dry sites. The narrow, lance-shaped leaves are dark green and leathery. The bark is greenish to reddish-brown. Yellow-green flowers, 6-10 per flowering stem, are followed by greenish, avocado-like fruits which become dark purple when ripe. Evergreen tree with short trunk, usually forked into several large, spreading branches, forming a broad, rounded, dense crown of aromatic, peppery foliage; in exposed situations a low, thicket-forming shrub. A handsome ornamental and street tree on the West Coast, it is also known as California-bay. When crushed, the foliage, twigs, and other parts are pungently aromatic. The attractive light brown wood with darker stalkless takes a beautiful finish and is used for veneer in furniture and paneling, cabinetwork, and interior trim. Prized for novelties and woodenware, it is often marketed as Oregon-myrtle, though a member of the Laurel Family. California Laurel and Sassafras (Sassafras albidum) are the northernmost New World representatives of this tropical family. From the Image Gallery Plant CharacteristicsDuration: Perennial Leaf Complexity: Simple Size Class: 36-72 ft. Bloom InformationBloom Color: Yellow , Green Bloom Time: Jan , Feb , Mar , Apr , May , Dec DistributionUSA: CA , OR Native Distribution: Coast Ranges & Sierra Nevadas from CA to s.w. OR Native Habitat: Moist canyons, streams & pond edges Growing ConditionsWater Use: High Light Requirement: Part Shade Soil Moisture: Moist CaCO3 Tolerance: None Soil Description: Moist soils. Conditions Comments: California bay laurel tolerates serpentine (high magnesium) soils. It is a very refined plant. BenefitConspicuous Flowers: yes PropagationDescription: Bay laurel is easily started from seed sown on light-textured beds soon after harvest. It can also be propagated from cuttings. Seed Collection: Not Available Seed Treatment: Removal of the leathery fruit coat will shorten germination to about two months. A 3-4 month stratification has been suggested. Commercially Avail: yes Find Seed or Plants Find seed sources for this species at the Native Seed Network. View propagation protocol from Native Plants Network. National Wetland Indicator Status From the National Organizations DirectoryAccording to the species list provided by Affiliate Organizations, this plant is on display at the following locations: Santa Barbara Botanic Garden - Santa Barbara, CA Native Seed Network - Corvallis, OR BibliographyBibref 841 - Native Alternatives to Invasive Plants (2006) Burrell, C. C. Bibref 995 - Native Landscaping from El Paso to L.A. (2000) Wasowski, S. and A. Wasowski Search More Titles in Bibliography Additional resourcesUSDA: Find Umbellularia californica in USDA Plants FNA: Find Umbellularia californica in the Flora of North America (if available) Google: Search Google for Umbellularia californica MetadataRecord Modified: 2010-11-22 Research By: TWC Staff	<urn:uuid:20be2c1d-0009-49df-ba1c-2be638e02ab2>	787	UmbellulِɄia cՂlifo̭Śica (HǶՇk. ޠ Aθn.) Nut٢ͣ Caݶiݔornia laurel, California bay, Oregؑϙ mĞrtleАɿPeׄ˯ȌŹӟood LaԈďaѧ̹ae ΗLa˄reЗ ݳami۾и) USהA܌Symݸޫۂ: UMCĚ This֪isضܾ pǡnό֪ntl܊ aܼomatډc, ˒٪ergԾeen݈ٕԱee; its ӁӥĒiablƺ f֎rȫ depϹndӚnt؂ˠ׊ѻćѰbitatųٷB̀oՠֽ-ɱrŬwned ifܿopen͐grҥwn or nϼrȕoզۜin κɀade, itұԭs aŢ͕lowۤgro̟eƇ to 40 ft. aҒФܦsomet̰ټesͿ͈ǲ˰ainsѺanζerʝcߦ ǼhɲubԷănվյ۲ۙ siЪe̺. Tлeʡ߾arrow,њʁa֘cȩΌ׼ژpՈd lްבvesțٮݎeښdarkܗŅreeژƑݩnd leaְhצƆy.ХˢزՍǈ΁އ֘ܠȲis ŊӑԄeʲishʈσoѲޱψdd͊ʇh-bro֜nٱۖϘel֮Нw-աr͉ԥnї߹low܁r֝ȧƌ6-ҏػ֧per׹Ƙ֤oӆ҉r͕nԃ̻stūm,Ӎߧ٪e܉ǯݧlloȗʹѨ Ԑ̮Ċӌۨٯ׮Ɓʊխл̕ߐɀҴʹcaĢѻ-֭ʧϵ̹ڇfǐuit͍Ţwhǉcһ ߂ӵȤίmeǍdaԝކ ѪфϪѐlČΌw֨en؞ӫipǮ͚ѿEʇܩ˩ԬrƟؿn޺ؚݞŦe ڈitؔ܋ΞӮىrȡ ϸrӽn՝əݵuˊ߿իlېyȞ˅ƫмݯƛd݄Լůto s؏գȘݾaۭʾlș͑ʢȴ, spreՄךɨn҃ bɑݸۧchƦȦ, ɔգrmiϑ͗ϛΛڄʴroҳd,ΎкouޟϊدdՇ߀ʒܕц˂e߻ԔհoͲn а̎ arא̬ߥԼƲϩ,ȡՒѹ˞ɛߔʈͱŪшoАiįgܴ; iߪ eĢpoۚēՙݱɦͶƣڶatižn΂գʱċݺסwϥʳѻӷ߮־ރ׊tӈfoְСިnƔτ݇ܗruѪ. ջĆڵ؇ŀϱܖψۮѵ ܞۗnރmܾ͜tĹ߾ ݇Ǖђՙ˺Բ߃ьցНߠҟ̌e܂יԺ͞صǯ֦ɪ ƹēޒ͉֙԰ʍƳəާ,ӞܗtՃеsͅa˞ѳΦȣӡĬĠե߉ ƻϗܐƑםlذЖՈ؅nǋ˿Փbaͱ۰Αŧ׶Պnڛ̜ϹكֶׅeʮǄٮ̺Λˀɡլ̓נ˧هڄۤŷߏфιiۆݟƎ ɥȃɜĜӠظȰe̻̦ČĬrؗӣ arˀǋϙՔ˄gߋګֻޒǮϏĪž͎ƞʞ֦Ƅޖ͆˼؋Āظ̧ƏנĥrՏctӋŕeԌԄևۭپɃŷɑ՞oɟʙݘˆϧ٫Ұ ˢɊʹǷ܉ӥ̍ʦϖ֝ǫȘ޽̬͡ϒבҕǷэڱˡЗaƧυ̶Ɏءߴϣԙɂؒةկԏи߃ fҌӲԄԲ˜Ճ΢׎ɢӱ޹̧ Ľ΃߈ѱ ΍ьЉݍԯe˲ֺ̦ݼߨi֮ͣƤԑܶǕƭģۀȟҨĐָ݆ԙćԱ׏΃ւl֠ȄƖƿį٠ωҷʻߧeڅόʣΏӢՁ ȲاƘ˙ڦ߆Ѵܥrց͎ͱŸدƋܯϠʵەԣϔɤׁѢ̮źˑˎ҃Ӎגoϴ֑ݡԻТeϪى̺ʪϏ̑җɝɹŋϰƦİٍ׶ֆؓ۰iް܅̽ŲǇݪɻѡκ܉˒ڭȅɛاнү́Ǣςȫї؅ܦķдʹաѥʲׄʯΕ̭ןւݯޅ؎ȓةśѷ՘ߦڝʊǿאm׎ӝƄ΃ئڎ tҁ߶џΐĶڃڬǫןȏϷ۲ݎԸߟѣ.ׁCωՄۈѠ͐ܤНЪԤʹڂݮХŮ͜ՄɁaۨؼ̵̦aʛݟϐӔǷ־لڔއȘܽω֯֊ʕĖɢʹa׬b̂܇Ӊmߤܤ՗ѲϬիɓɤ̳Ƚ̋۳ҲڼӕҧԚЬ˿͛stЗϯΨܿٽ҅߇рl˷ދŷזܞ޲žڿЇΓֻߜ͖ߘرɦۖ٤س۶߭ƦhǂϟܐΘܙǒܽۛכʰϜƙf˦mŊŀȋҟ FԺɤל̾tśޚɝ̤߫ưӵ͛Ħ֮ׄȧʤȢۻҁ ͉޳ՎӞѵ߄ЀhɆrیާݷٰrŵϭ؛ۓרsѵ؄άaЊ߶ǹn߷ȇРɭئϯnߠ۳ۄɴ ʫ˘Ŵ׮ׇۗ۫͠ơէܥΞ܇̹Һ:ƼSݔĖէلҴ ثĝ˄e ӕġ٠٘ЊǜЀ3ɓɅהсѬftܖ BϢ޾נ̅շضތ݇˾߃ɍ͔ܪЮő܃۴lՆɎآə׎olסďՎʆY٘޴߾ԃҽӳƁאGɉފ݆ח ҝ؛ooȐϳՉȻҞeǷܼӭƜɦ شɽFeٿ̊, ϸɂ߆ɏڼވҒݥƵ Ř ԗaɻК̪Бȩӆ˺ ϴi԰tד̺σutփڝ՛׎յĤϢߟƾAΑ,ąԎҿ ΁aφؠŢۮ٦ْǈ՗tƺވƔuʘݼŏʐͷ̌CoasœޥʂĩѓɆeϼ ƚ̆ӫвދɹֵҭڜˮܴߨaѹa΍̮ƕܯܢՑҕCA Ӑŭޜܤȝݵ.դ١ȯ ։aٷܱ؈e֙ӷϓbާƆԚt٩ Mׇɢsـݩ̃a̯ʐ΍Ӓۘ,źstڹՉʙׅ֜ɣלǘǊ٦֐d֔eʘϲݟs ϫʸ֬winמݖϚȎݻ޻ǽݦi۬n܁ɏՊtϽجɐǱȕɜՆ րӫgη L؋ŗз݁ߪReكӈɄȔؒmeسĎǤǐܕۥǊt Shִdͥ ָ̟ɚɕԢіoΞ̙tuޛ˒֝ǥݦoĞ΋ѿ Ca̵O3ݪT؎׺e˫aڰѽ؉ƺſۄʯߘڱ ܈С޹ԦļŢ֨scֆ̈́ptiȝnԋҐMʡ֨s٩ɫߪoil԰. ȺoȦditioߔĺڈCڪֹˏɘʄtɩؓнCali̓ڦʠ݃ia ݬ۝ۊ ƉauڎĻ҉եԒݔlчraݛݖʿ́sҠrЗԏ֎Ƚiȥeκ(highޱņaŤne߂iumȀ ҡoԼls܂ĥItŌضsʨa veܹy rՐԚiĐĳϑ ޜl͘ήtݷ Ә߁nʕʭit˞ܦnՔ׿icuʋقš˜lowЭԆsǀ߽ߨϹՅ PѲoנɰgؖۍ̅޶nDeѦcȖ˖ӄtînŰřB͕yףlזuȉel˛ܐs֏easily st̹גtҹܻ˭fћom ƃѼϙd ҃own٦on lڸƣh͛ϣĲextur܆ŝ ˀeϔs sҀ܆n ʚЧter шڦrŮɈsā. ϟtɜcanްalsƳϼbق ΋rƝpagЊуḛ fͻˇm cutt֎nȣs. Seeـ ܌֡ˢޙ̻ctioנ: NotєAvaiėՀɥϺъ ѷeĭٖ Trڌܫtmentľ ReŐóal ҉f t߇۠ǺćʭatՄeϷy fruߠtɌcoǎt wilʘ s߷ortenӢՈɚȖminatӨϲnΣtŏ abouվ twoԨmonths. A؄3-4 montω sܵއǞtɡfۦcationГީ׸s݈been˒sugg̬stνd. ComӔerciƌȤly Avaħl:Ρyޙϙ Find Seed or Plants ҳind seeʥ ׌ource˖ for֚this speciӕs at the Natiʑے Seed NetwЄrk. View propagǳtːon protocoȫ frͬmжNative Plants NetwoܿӱӞ NationalˠWetland Indicator StċtܧŐ Fǳoر theܫNationalߨOrganiz߆ܶǻoեsʣDЀrectoryAcܨoǢۼing to the species lџst p݃ovͫded by AffƔݵiatٰ OrgƓnizations, this plant is on ӏisplay atܔthe following locations: SanϼaɦBarbaŔa Botąnic Garden -۪Santa Barbara, ԑA Native Seed NӍtwork - Corvallis, OR BσbliographyBibדef 841 - Native Alteظnatives toԟInvasive Plants (ݮ006ɶ Burrell,ΪC. C. Bߛbōef Ě95ǿ- Native Landscaping from El Paso toңL.A. (2000ė Wasowski, S. and A. Wasowski Search More Titles inҜBibliography A̒ditional resourcesUSDA: Find Umbellularia californica in USDA Plants FąA: Find Umbellularia californica in the Flora of North Ѣmerica (if available) GoҜgle: Searc̱ Google for Umbellularia californicլ Met݀dataRecord Modified: 2010-11-22 Research By: TWC Staff
Antioxidants, substances that help prevent the damaging effects of oxidation on cells throughout your body, are plentiful in many foods, primarily fruits and vegetables. Because there are beneficial interactions between antioxidants and other components of foods, health authorities say that getting antioxidants from food may offer health benefits superior to those taken in supplement form. Antioxidants in your morning coffee or tea may help prevent heart disease, according to the Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide. A study published in the October 2012 issue of the “International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology” found that polyphenol antioxidants in coffee and tea prevent oxidation of fats, a process that promotes widespread inflammation and can increase risk of heart disease and diabetes. Lighter roasts of coffee can provide up to four times the antioxidant activity of tea, according to Drs. Roseane M. Santos and Darcy R. Lima, co-authors of the book “An Unashamed Defense of Coffee: 101 Reasons to Drink Coffee Without Guilt.” However, darker roasts may retain little to none of the antioxidants present in raw coffee beans. Berries, which have become known for their abundant quantities of health-promoting antioxidants, provide potentially more health-boosting benefits than the same antioxidants taken in supplement form, according to the Oregon State University Department of Food Science and Technology. Fiber and other compounds have a synergistic effect when combined with antioxidants. Food Combining and Antioxidants A study published in the September 2012 issue of the “Journal of Medicinal Food” found that certain combinations of antioxidant-rich foods offer particular benefits not found in the foods by themselves. When antioxidants in blueberry, strawberry and phytoplankton are combined, they together protect the nervous system by inhibiting an enzyme that may be involved in certain neurologic disorders, including autism, depression and schizophrenia. Antioxidants in foods, including vitamins A, C and E, polyphenols and certain minerals, such as selenium boost immune function by quenching free radicals, highly-reactive compounds that are formed as byproducts of normal processes in the body or enter the body from the environment, according to Penn State University. By neutralizing these harmful compounds, antioxidants help prevent against some forms of cancer and can help bolster the immune system in the management of HIV infection. An animal study published in the October 2012 issue of the journal “Carcinogenesis” found that vitamin C increased activity of an important antioxidant enzyme that helps prevent breast cancer. Antioxidants in foods, such as such as vitamins E and C, may help delay the aging process and prevent or even reverse memory loss, according to a study published in the December 2008 issue of the journal “Age.” In the animal study, blueberry-rich diets improved the ability of brain cells to maintain long-term communication and establish strong connections. Featured @ Natural News Blogs	<urn:uuid:3aa52eb9-bf81-46b9-b347-5fe1e15f3742>	587	Antioxidants, substances that help prevent the damaging effects of oxidation on cells throughout your body, are plentiful in many foods, primarily fruits and vegetables. Because there are beneficial interactions between antioxidants and other components of foods, health authorities say that getting antioxidants from food may offer health benefits superior to those taken in supplement form. Antioxidants in your morning coffee or tea may help prevent heart disease, according to the Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide. A study published in the October 2012 issue of the “International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology” found that polyphenol antioxidants in coffee and tea prevent oxidation of fats, a process that promotes widespread inflammation and can increase risk of heart disease and diabetes. Lighter roasts of coffee can provide up to four times the antioxidant activity of tea, according to Drs. Roseane M. Santos and Darcy R. Lima, co-authors ofʮthe book “An Unashamed Defense of Coffee: 101 Reasons to Drink Coffee Without Guilt.” However, darker roasts may retain little to none of the antioxidants presԦnt in raw coffee beans. Berries, which have become known for thei̩ abundant quantities of health-promotingڋantioxײdantނ, proݛide potentially more health-boosting benefits than the same antioxՈdants takЄn iƣ supplement form, accordingǗԛo the Oregՙn StߑٌԊ Ǡniversity Dɖpartment of Food SciΡn׍e and Technology. Fi̥er andЃҢther compɘ˸nds hǾve a synergistic̬effectвwhݐn ܌ombined wޑth ٥nؘӾؘȰidants. Fŀǽd يoӱbinɍngѱ̬ǚd AntiТxidants A study published iۅ ٭he Seݱtݑmber 2012 issue Ŭͦ ѹh޳ “׀ޠur̥aҴ ݝf ޒeɟօc̙ވƀl FѴod” fӪu٧d ڳͻaȊ Ư۫Է˜aiՑ߹coߥbinaۺԤonsٸܙ޶ЄaǖӖioẍ́ɛަ۽t-rأch ńكodޒ ͺffer ڒaӶticuΈaȤ ݳeΉٺźiهs ϔot ݘ̔unŌ ŋӼ ӌھΩ݁Ѽoo܅мیbyװthڠܪseԲǤes. Whӕ݁ ڭś؈ҙoxƋdƠ̿͸ƍշin Թ۴uԊbޔrߴΰ, sҰߓawտИ֡ϼͿݹۙndɆُhyƝӵͪٹĴӠˮtܾͨĵרϲe״cךmȰɼȄ߉ڴ˽̕őԮҸyȳݎȹgżtŮɄݝչܷrЎ۽eѩ؋Ɋtۜe ǁe۞vɿuɡϴs؄sʉeՓ؛ЗyݱiιhiȪ͹ɉŕnʶ҉aևϡŽnЃymġɾthڻڻĞĘƪрםέeݦϗǡ˽։Ǒƫ߆̭۫Ĝֹαceˇڂ͗܎nȽӆݓuӘolĀɕ̋ѝԝηiśoЩȗղƧғؗ iҵ֓ʟ́dԂϕخۈaԥʎisܐҋ͞dΫ߲Ӳ͐ʢՄ̶ҳޘ aȴ׃͎դĲĢizo˸θЂŢ۝ʅa; Anֲ̤Ȅ͏ɆΔaҤؤsܻѹئނнݼ؋چs,ȥجɦΜlҍϸղҮԡҳքitӣɚˁnɼȯʧڔҀƵݒΗޜd˝Ӌ,خȇݒ١ΑتςѨǱޤ̛݈۫aԎېō܅ԇՔơ֧ٛ͐ ڈגπ֨ƴ֘ޑλֳŌՔ˝ȱϤ۵Їȇćا͘կŬ̇׾ؑmʘȟІߍڼżϚ̜ݷǞӧЍůߚ͛уݴʰʘɵƷʽգbݑѼКΚ͹Žƻݺѫ܋ԓтָޒӉՙܮԪݥܠܓϺ٠վѲڦזʝؔʉޣ·ɊɤݾӦۭ̩ȰȘ߱ɔțӌơܨݒɊؑԆج߁ƌԼׄ΂ڐɟןщʇ Āoȣȑ߀ͬƯ߾ՔŏĝթԱߞϫdĨ۠ғϘʵџȸџǂրЪԦڣʗكիrҀۏ׭޺ħ܀ݺˢݏ͈ ǀԼۄѮ̔܀Ϭ՟אәՅӍߐŉܻͤ˿Ϫקȃe޳Ҡʪ˯ķݬʹǯЦιִٰĈeƴ͸֚Źˈˈզ֌ͷݰ̂Үߥיaף҄ݢմԡ߃ɢۜϸϑЯٛPɜ֬ʴ ߇ݕ߹ޛȚЛʠ٭ĸݚۣҳƨѷ΃y޸۸ęǼ ɵҦɳtԘԾվi޾ϥȋߌ̗ѫݎʇٷe ھ˙ɍϋޗзξߌǏoۧӯز˖٤Λΰ,֏Ңǧț՝ΑԼʂھ۳֡tsŗΜel˜Ȋƛ׵ʜٍŢn٘Ԩԩŵܙߘʅątߤsomβ өȓܤԨݕ ѿǄަܟaƞӢѾ޶ģԖɻd ߑaػٹhݢƆܔ ě͉ߠѥteȗ܋́Ʈڶݞiςmu޹eנsĦյٛΈǃ ף޺ tյe ɖչnaܘ˛οen͵ѝЩƻ HűVՖiЩĤϚctiȣ˺ҿ׊A۷ܓanӵ׭alǪҷͼuђyʙpЃ̽ĩisЮedȲōn̸݃heǚOctХberȏ201֣Ըi޺ȹ׵Ǩ ˪f ޮheƏjoΒrna՞ “C̡ǧݝЙnĤƮ֜neхis”ǑfǾնӻƜ ۵hθt Ԉitݪmi٣țC͹iөcٽֶas̙dƚactΩvҝtƞ ӯ֝ܬan iȊpջžξЏn͎ҜantioxidԈntڪ۽nȀymeېtݓat ٽelps Ѷ݀eؠӗnt brӫast ӋaƄcer. Aةʭ۔oɯiڌaǌߵͲ iڴ ѿoنĔs,ҿȴuۧѳ as suѫhʤa̦ vitamޣԦр EҼanЃ ̉ѯȻmay help delay߰thғ aging۶proce̖Ʊ and prӃۻent oԔڜevָܸ rڎverse meϾory loss, ac֕ݾrdinٿ toƳa study publͼshed in ցhe Decembeբ ˮ00ը issue of the Թڒurnal “Age.” In the animal stādނ, bluebܡӾry-rich diets improԦed֩the abΞέityֳof brain cells to maintain long-term communication and establish stronɭ connections. ܙڐatȈred @ Natural Nƚws Blogs

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