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Objectification of women
In July 2017, GMA News reported that "a number" of secret Facebook groups that had been engaging in illegal activity of sharing "obscene" photos of women had been exposed, with the Philippine National Bureau of Investigation warning group members of the possibility of being liable for violating child pornography and anti-voyeurism laws. Facebook stated that it would remove the groups as violations of its community guidelines. A few days later, GMA News had an interview with one of the female victims targeted by one of the groups, who stated that she received friend requests from strangers and inappropriate messages. After reporting to authorities, the Philippine National Police's anti-cybercrime unit promised to take action in finding the accounts responsible. Senator Risa Hontiveros responded to the incidents with the proposal of a law that would impose "stiff penalties" on such group members, stating that "These people have no right to enjoy our internet freedom only to abuse our women and children. We will not allow them to shame our young women, suppress their right to express themselves through social media and contribute to a culture of misogyny and hate".
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Facebook content management controversies
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Anti-Semitism
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Facebook content management controversies
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Facebook has been suspected of having a double standard when it comes to pages and posts regarding the Arab–Israeli conflict. When it comes to alleged incitement, Facebook has been accused of being unfair, removing only posts and pages that attack Palestinians, while turning a blind eye to similar posts that are violently antisemitic. The NGO Shurat Hadin-Israel Law Center conducted an experiment over the incitement issue, which sought to expose what it viewed as double standards regarding anti-Israel sentiment vis-a-vis the simultaneous launch of two Facebook pages: "Stop Palestinians" and "Stop Israel". Following the launch of the two nearly identical pages, the NGO posted hateful content simultaneously on both pages. Next, Shurat Hadin reported both faux-incitement pages to Facebook to see which, if either, would be removed. According to them, despite featuring nearly identical content, only one was removed from the online platform. They said the page inciting against Palestinians was closed by Facebook (on the same day that it was reported) for "containing credible threat of violence" which "violated our [Facebook's] community standards", but not the page inciting against Israelis. Shurat Hadin said that Facebook claimed that this page was "not in violation of Facebook's rules".
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Facebook content management controversies
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"containing credible threat of violence" which "violated our [Facebook's] community standards", but not the page inciting against Israelis. Shurat Hadin said that Facebook claimed that this page was "not in violation of Facebook's rules". Shurat Hadin's staged anti-Israel group "Stop Israel" still remains active on Facebook. ProPublica stated in September 2017 that a website was able to target ads at Facebook users who were interested in "how to burn Jew" and "Jew hater". Facebook removed the categories and said it would try to stop them from appearing to potential advertisers.
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Facebook content management controversies
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In March 2019, Facebook subsidiary Instagram declined to remove an anti-semitic image posted by right-wing conspiracy theorist Alex Jones, saying that it did not violate their community standards.
Incitement of violence against Israelis
Facebook has been accused of being a public platform that is used to incite violence. In October 2015, 20,000 Israelis claimed that Facebook was ignoring Palestinian incitement on its platform and filed a class-action suit demanding that Facebook remove all posts "containing incitement to murder Jews".
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Facebook content management controversies
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Israeli politicians have complained that Facebook does not comply or assist with requests from the police for tracking and reporting individuals when they share their intent to kill or commit any other act of violence on their Facebook pages. In June 2016, following the murder of Hallel Ariel, 13, by a terrorist who posted on Facebook, Israeli Minister of Public Security Gilad Erdan charged that "Facebook, which has brought a positive revolution to the world, has become a monster ... The dialogue, the incitement, the lies of the young Palestinian generation are happening on the Facebook platform." Erdan accused Facebook of "sabotaging the work of Israeli police" and "refusing to cooperate" when Israel police turns to the site for assistance. It also "sets a very high bar" for removing inciting content.
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Facebook content management controversies
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In July 2016, a civil action for $1 billion in damages was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York on behalf of the victims and family members of four Israeli-Americans and one US citizen killed by Hamas militants since June 2014. The victims and plaintiffs in the case are the families of Yaakov Naftali Fraenkel, a 16-year-old who was kidnapped and murdered by Hamas operatives in 2014; Taylor Force, a 29-year-old American MBA student and US Army veteran killed in a stabbing spree in Jaffa in 2016; Chaya Braun, a three-month-old thrown from her stroller and slammed into the pavement when a Hamas attacker drove his car into a light rail station in Jerusalem in an October 2014; 76-year-old Richard Lakin who was killed in the October 2015 shooting and stabbing attack on a Jerusalem bus; and Menachem Mendel Rivkin, who was seriously wounded in a January 2016 stabbing attack in Jerusalem. The plaintiffs claimed that Facebook knowingly provided its social media platform and communication services to Hamas in violation of provisions of US
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Facebook content management controversies
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bus; and Menachem Mendel Rivkin, who was seriously wounded in a January 2016 stabbing attack in Jerusalem. The plaintiffs claimed that Facebook knowingly provided its social media platform and communication services to Hamas in violation of provisions of US Anti-Terrorism laws which prohibits US businesses from providing any material support, including services, to designated terrorist groups and their leaders. The government of the United States has designated Hamas as a "Foreign Terrorist Organization" as defined by US law. The suit claims that Hamas "used and relied on Facebook's online social network platform and communications services to facilitate and carry out its terrorist activity, including the terrorist attacks in which Hamas murdered and injured the victims and their families in this case". The legal claim was rejected; the court found that Facebook and other social media companies are not considered to be the publishers of material users post when digital tools used by the company match content with what the tool identifies as interested consumers.
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Facebook content management controversies
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In August 2016, Israel's security service, the Shin Bet, reported that it had arrested nine Palestinians who had been recruited by the Lebanon-based Hezbollah terrorist organization. Operatives of Hezbollah in Lebanon and Gaza Strip recruited residents of the West Bank, Gaza and Israel through Facebook and other social media sites. After recruiting cell leaders on Facebook, Hezbollah and the recruits used encrypted communications to avoid detection, and the leaders continued to recruit other members. The terror cells received Hezbollah funding and planned to conduct suicide bombings and ambushes and had begun preparing explosive devices for attacks, said the security service, which claimed credit for preventing the attacks. The Shin Bet said it also detected multiple attempts by Hezbollah to recruit Israeli Arabs through a Facebook profile.
Currently, legislation is being prepared in Israel, allowing fines of 300,000 shekels for Facebook and other social media like Twitter and YouTube for every post inciting or praising terrorism that is not removed within 48 hours, and could possibly lead to further acts of terrorism.
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Facebook content management controversies
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Countermeasure efforts
In June 2017, Facebook published a blog post, offering insights into how it detects and combats terrorism content. The company claimed that the majority of the terrorism accounts that are found are discovered by Facebook itself, while it reviews reports of terrorism content "urgently", and, in cases of imminent harm, "promptly inform authorities". It also develops new tools to aid in its efforts, including the use of artificial intelligence to match terrorist images and videos, detecting when content is shared across related accounts, and developing technologies to stop repeat offenders. The company stated that it has 150 people dedicated to terrorism countermeasures, and works with governments and industries in an effort to curb terrorist propaganda. Its blog post stated that "We want Facebook to be a hostile place for terrorists."
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Facebook content management controversies
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Employee data leak
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Facebook content management controversies
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In June 2017, The Guardian reported that a software bug had exposed the personal details of 1,000 Facebook workers involved in reviewing and removing terrorism content, by displaying their profiles in the "Activity" logs of Facebook groups related to terrorism efforts,. In Facebook's Dublin, Ireland headquarters, six individuals were determined to be "high priority" victims of the error, after the company concluded that their profiles were likely viewed by potential terrorists in groups such as ISIS, Hezbollah and the Kurdistan Workers' Party. The bug itself, discovered in November 2016 and fixed two weeks later, was active for one month, and had also been retroactively exposing censored personal accounts from August 2016. One affected worker had fled Ireland, gone into hiding, and only returned to Ireland after five months due to a lack of money. Suffering from psychological distress, he filed a legal claim against Facebook and CPL Resources, an outsourcing company, seeking compensation. A Facebook spokesperson stated that "Our investigation found that only a small fraction of the names were likely viewed, and we never had evidence of any threat to the people impacted or their families as a result of this matter", and Craig D'Souza, Facebook's head of global
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Facebook content management controversies
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"Our investigation found that only a small fraction of the names were likely viewed, and we never had evidence of any threat to the people impacted or their families as a result of this matter", and Craig D'Souza, Facebook's head of global investigations, said: "Keep in mind that when the person sees your name on the list, it was in their activity log, which contains a lot of information ... there is a good chance that they associate you with another admin of the group or a hacker". Facebook offered to install a home-alarm monitoring system, provide transport to and from work, and counseling through its employee assistance program. As a result of the data leak, Facebook is reportedly testing the use of alternative, administrative accounts for workers reviewing content, rather than requiring workers to sign in with their personal profiles.
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Facebook content management controversies
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Fake news
Facebook has been criticized for not doing enough to limit the spread of fake news stories on their site, especially after the 2016 United States presidential election, which some have claimed Donald Trump would not have won if Facebook had not helped spread what they claim to have been fake stories that were biased in his favor. Mark Zuckerberg has begun to take steps to eliminate the prevalence of fake news on Facebook as a result of criticisms of Facebook's influence on the presidential election. At a conference called Techonomy Mark Zuckerberg stated in regards to Donald Trump, "There's a profound lack of empathy in asserting that the only reason why someone could have voted the way that they did is because they saw some fake news". Zuckerberg affirms the idea that people do not stray from their own ideals and political leanings. He stated, "I don't know what to do about that" and, "When we started, the north star for us was: We're building a safe community".
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Facebook content management controversies
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Zuckerberg has also been quoted in his own Facebook post, "Of all the content on Facebook, more than 99 percent of what people see is authentic". In addition, The Pew Research Center, stated that "62% of Americans obtain some, or all, of their news on social media-the bulk of it from Facebook". The former editor at Facebook leaked inflammatory information about the websites' algorithm's pointing to certain falsehoods and bias by the news created within Facebook. Although Facebook initially denied claims of issues with fake new stories and their algorithms, they fired the entire trending team involved with a fake news story about Megyn Kelly being a "closeted liberal".
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Facebook content management controversies
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Inclusion of Breitbart News as trusted news source
In October 2019, Facebook announced that Breitbart News, an American far-right news and opinion website, would be included as a "trusted source" in its Facebook News feature alongside sources like The New York Times and The Washington Post. The decision sparked controversy due to Breitbart News's status as a platform for the alt-right and its reputation for publishing misinformation. In October 2021, The Wall Street Journal reported that Facebook executives resisted removing Breitbart News from Facebook's News Tab feature to avoid angering Donald Trump and Republican members of Congress, despite criticism from Facebook employees. An August 2019 internal Facebook study had found that Breitbart News was the least trusted news source, and also ranked as low-quality, in the sources it looked at across the U.S. and Great Britain.
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Facebook content management controversies
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Incitement of violence in Sri Lanka
In March 2018, the government of Sri Lanka blocked Facebook and other social media services in an effort to quell the violence in the 2018 anti-Muslim riots, with Harsha de Silva, the Deputy Minister for National Policies and Economic Affairs, tweeting: "Hate speech on Facebook is increasing beyond acceptable levels. Government will have to act immediately to save lives." Sri Lankan telecommunications minister Harin Fernando stated that Facebook had been too slow in removing content and banning users who were using its platforms to facilitate violence during the 2018 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka. In response, Facebook stated that it had increased the number of Sinhalese speakers it employs to review content.
Uyghur genocide denial
In February 2021, a Press Gazette investigation found that Facebook had accepted promotional content from Chinese state media outlets such as China Daily and China Global Television Network that spread disinformation denying the Uyghur genocide.
Incitement of human rights abuses in Myanmar
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Facebook content management controversies
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Incitement of human rights abuses in Myanmar
The chairman of the U.N. Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar stated that Facebook played a "determining role" in the Rohingya genocide. Facebook has been accused of enabling the spread of Islamophobic content which targets the Rohingya people. The United Nations Human Rights Council has called the platform "a useful instrument for those seeking to spread hate".
In response, Facebook removed accounts which were owned by the Myanmar Armed Forces because they had previously used Facebook to incite hatred against the Rohingya people, and "engaging in coordinated inauthentic behavior."
On 6 December 2021, approximately a hundred Rohingya refugees launched a $150 billion lawsuit against Facebook, alleging that it did not do enough to prevent the proliferation of anti-Rohingya hate speech because it was interested in prioritizing engagement.
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Facebook content management controversies
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Blue tick
Facebook grants blue tick to verified accounts of public personalities, brands, and celebrities (including politicians and artists). They have no policy in the cases where an individual who has a verified blue tick account is convicted in a serious criminal case. There has been a recent case in India where a politician was convicted and sentenced to 10 years in jail in a serious bribery criminal case but his Facebook page still continues to be verified.
Neo-Nazi and white supremacist content
From c.2018 until March 27, 2019, Facebook's internal policy was to permit "white nationalist" content but not "white supremacist" content, despite advice stating there is no distinction. In practice, it hosted much white supremacist and neo-Nazi content. On March 27, 2019, Facebook backtracked and stated that white nationalism "cannot be meaningfully separated from white supremacy and organized hate groups".
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Facebook content management controversies
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In 2020 the Centre for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH) found Facebook was hosting a white supremacist network with more than 80,000 followers and links to the UK far right. The CCDH said: "Facebook's leadership endangered public safety by letting neo-Nazis finance their activities through Facebook and Instagram ... . Facebook was first told about this problem two years ago and failed to act."
COVID-19 misinformation
In 2021, the Bureau of Investigative Journalism found that 430 Facebook pages – being followed by 45 million people – were spreading false information about COVID-19 or vaccinations. This was despite a promise by Facebook in 2020 that no user or company should directly profit from false information about immunization against COVID-19. A Facebook spokesman said the company had "removed a small number of the pages shared with us for violating our policies".
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Facebook content management controversies
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Marketplace illegal Amazon rainforest sales
In February 2021, BBC investigations revealed that Amazon rainforest plots on land reserved for indigenous people were being illegally traded on the Facebook Marketplace with the sellers admitting they do not have the land title. The BBC reported that Facebook were "ready to work with local authorities", but were unwilling to take independent action.
Incitement of ethnic massacres in Ethiopia
In February 2022, Facebook was accused by the Bureau of Investigative Journalism and The Observer of letting activists incite ethnic massacres in the Tigray War by spreading hate and misinformation.
See also
Censorship by Facebook
Criticism of Facebook
References
Facebook criticisms and controversies
Facebook
Facebook
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Facebook content management controversies
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The International Medical Congress () was a series of international scientific conferences on medicine that took place, periodically, from 1867 until 1913.
The idea of such a congress came in 1865, during the third annual Medical Congress of France; Professor Henri Giutrac proposed holding an international medical conference in 1867, taking advantage of the fact that physicians and surgeons from all over the world would surely be in Paris to attend that year's International Exhibition. The first congress was a great success; it enjoyed the patronage of the French Government, having been officially attended by Victor Duruy, Minister of Public Instruction, and had several honorary members selected from foreign diplomatic bodies and learned societies.
Congresses
References
Medical conferences
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International Medical Congress
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Responding to Climate Change (RTCC) is an organization focused on climate change founded in 2002. It is an official observer in many UN Conventions, such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Convention for Biological Diversity (CBD), and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). It also holds Special Advisory Status with The United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).
References
Climate change organizations
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Responding To Climate Change
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The Federation of Health and Social Health (, FSS) is a trade union representing workers in the health sector in Spain.
The union was founded in 1977, as the National Federation of Health, and it affiliated to the Workers' Commissions. By 1981, it had 4,700 members, but by 1995 its membership had grown to 39,485.
References
External links
Healthcare trade unions
Trade unions established in 1977
Trade unions in Spain
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Federation of Health and Social Health
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María del Coral Barbas Arriba is a professor at the Universidad CEU San Pablo who is known for her research on metabolomics and integration of chemical data.
Education and career
Barbas has a Ph.D. from Complutense University of Madrid. From 2005 until 2006 she was a Marie Curie fellow at King's College London. As of 2022 she is a professor of analytical chemistry at the Universidad CEU San Pablo and is the president of the Madrid section of the Spanish Royal Society of Chemistry.
Research
Barbas is known for her research on metabolomics, a field she was first introduced to while she was a Marie Curie fellow. Her early research centered on the analysis of vitamins and development of chemical methods to analyze compounds such as caffeine. Her subsequent research has developed methods to analyze organic compounds in pharmaceutical drugs and foods, and defined biomarkers for diseases such as leukemia and Parkinson's disease. She is also known for defining quality assurance protocols for metabolomics data analysis and establishing workflows to analyze metabolomics data.
Selected publications
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Coral Barbas
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Selected publications
Awards and honors
The Analytical Scientist named Barbas to their 2016 Power List in recognition of her contributions to chemistry. In 2017, she was honored for her chemical research linking diabetes and obesity. In 2018, Barbas received Honoris Causa Doctorate from Bialystok Medical University in Poland and she received the International Award of the Belgian Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences.
References
External links
Analytical chemists
Women chemists
Living people
Spanish scientists
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Coral Barbas
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Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier. The journal covers studies on the applied and computational aspects of harmonic analysis. Its editors-in-chief are Ronald Coifman (Yale University) and David Donoho (Stanford University).
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
CompuMath Citation Index
Current Contents/Engineering, Computing & Technology
Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences
Inspec
Scopus
Science Citation Index Expanded
Zentralblatt MATH
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.055.
References
External links
English-language journals
Publications established in 1993
Bimonthly journals
Elsevier academic journals
Computer science journals
Harmonic analysis
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Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis
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The Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute also referred to as the Wilmer Eye Institute is a component of Johns Hopkins Hospital.
Ophthalmologist William Holland Wilmer opened the Wilmer Eye Institute in 1925, its home was completed four years later. Wilmer received an M.D. degree from the University of Virginia in 1885 and worked in New York, Washington D.C., in addition to Baltimore, where he established the institute. Alan C. Woods succeeded Wilmer as director in 1934. The third director, A. Edward Maumenee succeeded Woods in 1955. Arnall Patz became the fourth director in 1979. Morton F. Goldberg became director in 1989.
References
Johns Hopkins Hospital
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Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute
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Clavis mathematicae (English: The Key of Mathematics) is a mathematics book written by William Oughtred, originally published in 1631 in Latin. It was an attempt to communicate the contemporary mathematical practices, and the European history of mathematics, into a concise and digestible form. The book contained an addition in its 1647 English edition, "Easy Way of Delineating Sun-Dials by Geometry", which had been written by Oughtred earlier in life. The original addition brought the autodidactic Oughtred acclaim amongst mathematicians, but the English republication brought him celebrity, especially amongst tradesman who made use of the arithmetic in their labors. The book is also notable for using the symbol "x" for multiplication, a method invented by Oughtred.
References
1631 books
Mathematics books
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Clavis mathematicae
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Llandegley International Airport is a hoax, or prank, centred on the hamlet of Llandegley (), near Llandrindod Wells, in mid Wales.
Despite Llandegley having no airfield - much less one of international standard - a visitor to Llandegley, Nicholas Whitehead, erected a spoof road sign, mimicking the UK's standard Worboys signs, on private land on the north side of the A44 east of Crossgates in 2002, showing "Llandegley International [Airport] / / 2½ ". He spent £1,000 on renting the site.
The original sign was removed in November 2009, but replaced in 2010 following public outcry. It was replaced again in April 2012. The version of the sign visible on Google Street View imagery, captured in April 2021, has the added wording "For Airport Cafe, follow signs for Terminal 1", and a fly posted "No Runway 2" notice."
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Llandegley International Airport
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The sign has attracted press and television coverage and was mentioned in the United Kingdom Parliament in 2003 by Roger Williams, the member for Brecon and Radnorshire.
The sign is listed in the Welsh Government's National Monuments Record database, Coflein.
A Twitter account, @llandegley_int, has operated in the name of the airport since 2008, and the airport has a
Facebook page.
References
External links
Hoaxes in the United Kingdom
Tourist attractions in Powys
Fictitious entries
Traffic signs
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Llandegley International Airport
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Karen Lam Siu-ling is known for her research on diabetes and obesity. She is the Rosie T.T. Young Professor in Endocrinology and Metabolism at Hong Kong University.
Education and career
Lam graduated from the Diocesan Girls' School in Hong Kong in 1969 and graduated from the University of Hong Kong medical school in 1976. She received additional training at Queen Mary Hospital in Hong Kong, St Bartholomew's Hospital in London, and Tufts Medical Center in the United States. Lam was the first president of Diabetes Hong Kong, and has been the honorary president since 2014. She was the first women to lead the department of medicine at Hong Kong University, a position she holds as of 2022. She was named the Rosie T.T. Young Professor in Endocrinology and Metabolism in 2005, and she is director of clinical trials at Hong Kong University.
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Karen Lam (researcher)
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Research
Lam's research centers on diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases, with a particular focus on hormones in fat cells. A portion of her research examines adipocyte fatty acid binding protein from fat cells, where she has provided details on where it is secreted, and its impacts on diabetes and other diseases. She has examined adiponectin and cancer in diabetes patients, and detailed therapeutic compounds in traditional Chinese medications. Her research has defined connections between obesity and cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Lam worked to establish diabetes education in Hong Kong through specialized training of nurses and patients, both projects established with private funding. In 1994 she established Hong Kong's first diabetes center at Queen Mary Hospital, an idea that was later spread to other hospitals in Hong Kong.
Selected publications
Awards and honors
In 2008, Lam was honored as by the Hong Kong Women Professional and Entrepreneurs' Association for her work on hormones that help fight diabetes.
References
External links
Alumni of the University of Hong Kong
University of Hong Kong faculty
Living people
Women medical researchers
Women endocrinologists
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Karen Lam (researcher)
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Olivia Durant is originally from Pittsburgh and came to national prominence from being legally blind at birth, then regaining eyesight in 2016 thanks to a surgical procedure at The Eye Center of New York. This life changing occurrence garnered national media attention and increasing public interest in Olivia's inspirational story. She's been featured on Good Morning America and also been the subject of numerous articles including Buzzfeed and The Insider.
Early Years
Olivia Durant has described a visit to an eye doctor when she was a child. According to Durant, the doctor diagnosed her eyes as “weak” and dubbed her legally blind, despite the fact she did possess limited vision.
Durant was prescribed glasses with two inch thick concave lenses, then corrective contact lenses at age nine that provided a small amount of peripheral vision, albeit blurred. She's described difficulty visually recognizing people and told a story about becoming separated from her grandmother in a department store, then mistakenly running into the arms of a stranger. Incidents like this made Durant wary and scared through much of her childhood.
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Olivia Durant
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With effort and strategically positioned lighting sources, Durant has recounted being able to laboriously read books. She also used memorization and other mental methods to navigate her surroundings without assistance. During her interviews, Durant has also discussed being ostracized and bullied by other children growing up.
During her teenage years, an eye doctor casually mentioned to Durant the possibility of an operation that might improve her vision, but it was cost prohibitive.
Later Years
During her early thirties, the prospect of undergoing an operation to increase Olivia Durant’s eyesight became more probable after the onset of cataracts. Insurance would not cover the restorative surgery due to her being legally blind, but could cover the cataract operation. Fortunately, the other surgery could be included along with.
Durant has described the risks this surgery entailed due to her having a deformed retina that, if damaged, could cause her to lose what little eyesight she had. Nevertheless, she was willing to take this risk. She searched for nearly a year to find the right surgeon.
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Olivia Durant
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After the surgery proved successful, Durant has discussed the unique identity crisis she underwent from being legally blind to having eyesight. Seeing her reflection in a mirror for the first time was revelatory and also disorienting. Not accustomed to her own image, Durant would automatically say “hello” to mirrors she passed in stores and other locations she experienced for the first time as a sighted person.
Present Day
Durant described in a series of TikTok videos how the operation gave her a second chance at life and a desire to make up for lost time. She began watching movies and TV shows she’d missed while legally blind, sought new adventures such as taking up boxing and becoming an aerialist. Durant also stated how she reexamined the world through fresh eyes while seeing as much as possible with a positive mental attitude and sharing that viewpoint with others.
Sharing her story on social media garnered immediate national attention, multiple interviews and a desire for Durant to give speeches pertaining to her unique experiences and points of view on life.
Mixed Martial Arts
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Olivia Durant
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Sharing her story on social media garnered immediate national attention, multiple interviews and a desire for Durant to give speeches pertaining to her unique experiences and points of view on life.
Mixed Martial Arts
One of the most interesting of Olivia Durant’s adventures, post gaining eyesight, is when she talks about training to be an MMA fighter, explaining how this was a direct reaction to being bullied growing up by then faceless attackers. She could now see her opponents and fight back.
Columbo
During the pandemic Durant has regaled how she became a fan of Columbo and watched episodes every Sunday morning. She’s also used the story of actor Peter Falk, who played the role wearing a glass eye, as an example of someone overcoming a visual disability and excelling in their field.
Intervention (convention)
Besides being an keynote speaker and influencer, Durant is also a producer for technology, theater and live events. Durant was the driving force behind Intervention (convention), a yearly Internet culture convention held in Rockville, Maryland from 2010 to 2016.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
External links
Personal Website
Twitter
TikTok
Instagram
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Olivia Durant
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References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
External links
Personal Website
Twitter
TikTok
Instagram
:Category: Visual perception
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Olivia Durant
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The normal distributions transform (NDT) is a point cloud registration algorithm introduced by Peter Biber and Wolfgang Straßer in 2003, while working at University of Tübingen.
The algorithm registers two point clouds by first associating a piecewise normal distribution to the first point cloud, that gives the probability of sampling a point belonging to the cloud at a given spatial coordinate, and then finding a transform that maps the second point cloud to the first by maximising the likelihood of the second point cloud on such distribution as a function of the transform parameters.
Originally introduced for 2D point cloud map matching in simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) and relative position tracking, the algorithm was extended to 3D point clouds and has wide applications in computer vision and robotics. NDT is very fast and accurate, making it suitable for application to large scale data, but it is also sensitive to initialisation, requiring a sufficiently accurate initial guess, and for this reason it is typically used in a coarse-to-fine alignment strategy.
Formulation
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Normal distributions transform
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Formulation
The NDT function associated to a point cloud is constructed by partitioning the space in regular cells. For each cell, it is possible to define the mean and covariance of the points of the cloud that fall within the cell. The probability density of sampling a point at a given spatial location within the cell is then given by the normal distribution
.
Two point clouds can be mapped by an Euclidean transformation with rotation matrix and translation vector
that maps from the second cloud to the first, parametrised by the rotation angles and translation components.
The algorithm registers the two point clouds by optimising the parameters of the transformation that maps the second cloud to the first, with respect to a loss function based on the NDT of the first point cloud, solving the following problem
where the loss function represents the negated likelihood, obtained by applying the transformation to all points in the second cloud and summing the value of the NDT at each transformed point . The loss is piecewise continuous and differentiable, and can be optimised with gradient-based methods (in the original formulation, the authors use Newton's method).
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Normal distributions transform
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In order to reduce the effect of cell discretisation, a technique consists of partitioning the space into multiple overlapping grids, shifted by half cell size along the spatial directions, and computing the likelihood at a given location as the sum of the NDTs induced by each grid.
References
Sources
External links
Computer vision
Pattern matching
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Normal distributions transform
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Elda Miriam Aldasoro Maya is a Mexican biologist, anthropologist and popularizer. She is a pioneer in the study of ethnoentomology in Mexico and of interdisciplinary research that uses theoretical approaches from biology and anthropology to study ethnobiology from a political, economic, social and cultural perspective. Her work has contributed to the documentation of indigenous knowledge, the promotion of activities around community development, the implementation and design of participatory methodologies, as well as biocultural education activities.
She has taught at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University of Washington, University of the Valley of Mexico, and at the Intercultural Universities of the State of Mexico. She has also been a collaborator of the CONACyT Network of Ethnoecology and Cultural Heritage, and a consultant in the field of microfinance for work with indigenous peoples.
She is currently a CONACYT chair at the Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR) in Villahermosa and a member of the national system of researchers of CONACYT Mexico.
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Elda Miriam Aldasoro Maya
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She is currently a CONACYT chair at the Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR) in Villahermosa and a member of the national system of researchers of CONACYT Mexico.
Career
She obtained a bachelor's degree in biology from the Iztacala Faculty of Higher Studies of the National Autonomous University of Mexico conducting one of the first investigations in Hñä hñu (Otomi) ethnoentomology in the Mezquital Valley in Mexico. She then studied a master's degree at the Environmental Anthropology Program at the University of Washington, she also obtained her Ph. Tlahuicas through a participatory research project in which it offers novel models for the study of ethnobiology.
During 2012-2014 she worked as a consultant in the field of microfinance for work with indigenous peoples for the development and international trade company DAI.
In 2014 she obtained the CONACYT chair to work on the project "Massification of Agroecology" in the Department of Agriculture, Society and Environment of the Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR) in Villahermosa; where she currently works.
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Elda Miriam Aldasoro Maya
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In 2015, she was coordinator of the declaration of the Latin American ethnobiological meeting of women (EELAM) that sought to recognize, make visible and protect the contribution of Latin American women to the knowledge of the use of biological resources.
References
External links
Mexican scientists
Mexican women scientists
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Elda Miriam Aldasoro Maya
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In Umbral calculus, Bernoulli umbra is an umbra, a formal symbol, defined by the relation , where is the index-lowering operator, also known as evaluation operator and are Bernoulli numbers, called moments of the umbra. A similar umbra, defined as , where is also often used and sometimes called Bernoulli umbra as well. They are related by equality . Along with the Euler umbra, Bernoulli umbra is one of the most important umbras.
In Levi-Civita field, Bernoulli umbras can be represented by elements with power series and , with lowering index operator corresponding to taking the coefficient of of the power series. The numerators of the terms are given in OEIS A118050 and the denominators are in OEIS A118051. Since the coefficients of are non-zero, the both are infinitely large numbers, being infinitely close (but not equal, a bit smaller) to and being infinitely close (a bit smaller) to .
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Bernoulli umbra
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In Hardy fields (which are generalizations of Levi-Civita field) umbra corresponds to the germ at infinity of the function while corresponds to the germ at infinity of , where is inverse digamma function.
Exponentiation
Since Bernoulli polynomials is a generalization of Bernoulli numbers, exponentiation of Bernoulli umbra can be expressed via Bernoulli polynomials:
where is a real or complex number.
This can be further generalized using Hurwitz Zeta function:
From the Riemann functional equation for Zeta function it follows that
Derivative rule
Since and are the only two members of the sequences and that differ, the following rule follows for any analytic function :
Elementary functions of Bernoulli umbra
As a general rule, the following formula holds for any analytic function :
This allows to derive expressions for elementary functions of Bernoulli umbra.
Particularly,
Particularly,
,
,
Relations between exponential and logarithmic functions
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Bernoulli umbra
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This allows to derive expressions for elementary functions of Bernoulli umbra.
Particularly,
Particularly,
,
,
Relations between exponential and logarithmic functions
Bernoulli umbra allows to establish relations between exponential, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions on one side and logarithms, inverse trigonometric and inverse hyperbolic functions on the other side in closed form:
References
Polynomials
Finite differences
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Bernoulli umbra
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The calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT or CT) is a thrombin generation assay (TGA) and global coagulation assay (GCA) which can be used as a coagulation test to assess thrombotic risk. It is the most widely used TGA. The CAT is a semi-automated test performed in a 96-well plate and requires specialized technologists to be performed. As a result, it has seen low implementation in routine laboratories and has been more limited to research settings. Lack of standardization with the CAT has also led to difficulties in study-to-study comparisons in research. An example of a specific commercial CAT is the Thrombinoscope by Thrombinoscope BV (now owned by Diagnostica Stago).
The CAT can be used to measure thrombogram parameters such as the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) and to assess activated protein C resistance (APCR). The CAT ETP-based APCR test is especially sensitive to estrogen-induced procoagulation, such as with combined oral contraceptives.
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Calibrated automated thrombogram
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In 2018, a commercial fully-automated TGA system and alternative to the CAT called the ST Genesia debuted. It should allow for more widespread adoption of TGAs in clinical laboratories. The ST-Genesia system also shows enhanced reproducibility compared to the CAT.
References
Blood tests
Coagulation system
Medical signs
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Calibrated automated thrombogram
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The Conference on Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science is an academic conference about theoretical computer science. The conference was initiated by Andrew Yao in 2010, and was originally called Innovations in Computer Science. The proceedings were hosted online in 2010 and 2011, were published in the ACM Digital Library from 2012 to 2016, and were published as open access in the LIPIcs collection from 2017 onwards.
As of 2022, the conference is listed by Google Scholar as the 8th venue in theoretical computer science according to the h5-index metric. It is indexed by the DBLP bibliographical database.
External links
Website
DBLP entry
References
Theoretical computer science conferences
Recurring events established in 2010
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Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science
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A deposit gauge is a large, funnel-like scientific instrument used for capturing and measuring atmospheric particulates, notably soot, carried in air pollution and "deposited" back down to ground.
Design and construction
Deposit gauges are similar to rain gauges. They have a large circular funnel on top, made of stone so it's not corroded by acid rain and mounted on a simple wooden or metal stand, which drains down into a collection bottle beneath. Typically the funnel has a wire-mesh screen around its perimeter to deter perching birds. Most are made to a standardized design, known as a standard deposit gauge, introduced in 1916 and formalized in a British Standard in 1951, which means the pollution collected in different places can be systematically studied and compared. The bottle is removed after a month and the contents taken away for analysis of water (such as rain, fog, and snow), insoluble matter (such as soot), and soluble matter.
Early history
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Deposit gauge
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Early history
The first gauges of this type were developed in the early 20th century by Dr W.J. Russell of St Bartholomew's Hospital and the Coal Smoke Abatement Society. Between 1910 and 1916, the design was refined and standardized by the Committee for the Investigation of Atmospheric Pollution, a group of expert, volunteer scientists studying air pollution of which Sir Napier Shaw, first director of the Met Office, was chair. The first scientific paper featuring deposit gauge measurements was titled "The Sootfall of London: Its Amount, Quality, and Effects" and published in The Lancet in January 1912.
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Deposit gauge
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Over the next few years, deposit gauges were deployed in a number of British towns and cities, allowing rough comparisons to be made of pollution in different parts of the country. According to pollution historian Stephen Mosley, by 1949, some 177 gauges had been deployed across Britain, so creating the world's first large-scale pollution monitoring network, but the number increased dramatically after the Great London Smog of 1952, reaching 615 in 1954 and 1066 in 1966.
Modern use
Although deposit gauges were inaccurate and their limitations were well known from the start,, their widespread introduction still represented a considerable advance in the study and comparison of pollution at different times of the year and in different places, and they soon paved the way for more accurate instruments and better methods of data collection and analysis.
Today, though, air pollution is more likely to be measured with automated, electronic sensors, deposit gauges are still occasionally used. Modern variants on the standard deposit gauge include the so-called "frisbee" gauge, in which the deposit collector is shaped like an inverted frisbee.
See also
Rain gauge
Air pollution sensor
References
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Deposit gauge
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See also
Rain gauge
Air pollution sensor
References
Air pollution
Measuring instruments
Scientific instruments
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Deposit gauge
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Ferdo Ivanek (June 1, 1923 — October 2, 2021) was an American electrical engineer of Yugoslav origin. He is best known for his contributions to microwave oscillators and amplifiers. He is the father of the American actor Željko Ivanek.
Biography
Ferdinand Ivanek was born in Ljubljana, and grew up in the village of Zajezda in Hrvatsko zagorje, and then moved to Varaždin where he completed middle school. Ivanek received his engineer's degree at the Technical High School in Zagreb (today's University of Zagreb) in 1948. During WWII Ferdo’s parents were hung by the fascist Ustaše, while he also lost some 20 Jewish relatives on his mother’s side, in Ustaše and Nazi concentration camps, as recounted in a book by his cousin Paul Schreiner.
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Ferdo Ivanek
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Afterwards he moved to Vienna to study electrical engineering, and he received his bachelor's degree and Ph.D. in electrical engineering from TU Wien.
Between 1949 and 1955 Ivanek worked for his scholarship at the Central Radio Institute in Belgrade, then moved to Ljubljana where his family spent another decade. Between 1956 and 1957, he was employed at the University of Ljubljana's Institute for Telecommunications.
At the time in Yugoslavia, he worked in Zagreb, Belgrade, Ljubljana, Split before he moved abroad. In 1959, he came to the United States to work as a research assistant at Stanford University's Microwave Integrated Circuits Laboratory, where he remained until 1962.
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Ferdo Ivanek
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He received his doctorate in Vienna in 1964. He later also a obtained a doctorate in Zagreb in 1965. Between 1964 and 1967, when the Ljubljana research institute that specialized in radio equipment design and manufacturing was named the Institute for Automation (later part of the Iskra conglomerate), he was an advisor and a manager of research projects.
In 1967, he returned to the United States to work at Fairchild Semiconductor's Research and Development Division, where he focused on the applications of solid-state microwave devices. In 1986, he left Fairchild to establish Communications Research, a consulting firm. In 1995, he became an adjunct lecturer at Stanford University's Department of Engineering Economics Systems.
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Ferdo Ivanek
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Having served as the chairman of IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society's local chapters, Ivanek became the society's 1991 president. He became a fellow member of IEEE in 1993, for "his contributions to the development of fundamental-frequency/microwave oscillators and amplifiers and their application in analog and digital radio relay systems." Ivanek also co-authored and edited the book, Terrestrial Digital Microwave Communications (1989). He was the recipient of IEEE Third Millennium Medal.
Ivanek was married to Vojka Ivanek until her death in 2010; his wife worked at Stanford University as a project manager. Ivanek died on October 2, 2021, and was survived by his sons, Ivan and Željko Ivanek.
References
External links
Ferdo Ivanek at IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society
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Ferdo Ivanek
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References
External links
Ferdo Ivanek at IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society
1923 births
2021 deaths
Yugoslav scientists
TU Wien alumni
Stanford University faculty
Stanford University School of Engineering faculty
American electrical engineers
American electronics engineers
American telecommunications engineers
Microwave engineers
Fellow Members of the IEEE
Croatian electrical engineers
Slovenian electrical engineers
20th-century American engineers
21st-century American engineers
Yugoslav emigrants to the United States
Croatian emigrants to the United States
Slovenian emigrants to the United States
American engineering writers
IEEE award recipients
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Ferdo Ivanek
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Kiln furniture are devices and implements inside furnaces used during the heating of manufactures individual pieces, such as pottery or other ceramic or metal components. Kiln furniture is made of refractory materials, i.e., materials that withstand high temperatures without deformation.
Materials
Commonly used materials are cordierite (up to 1275 °C), mullite (up to 1750 °C), silicon carbide (up to 1500 °C), alumina (up to 1750 °C), zirconia (up to 1650 °C). The choice depends on cost, weight, and physical properties.
Functions and effects
Functions of kiln furniture include carrying the kiln/furnace load and protecting the load from various kind of damage: open file, smoke, debris, from deforming or sticking the components to each other. In addition to various carriers and plates, capsules with heating material may be used.
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Kiln furniture
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Kiln furniture influences the heat distribution in the furnace and the interaction of the load with the atmosphere in the furnace. Since the furniture is being heated along with the load, this increases energy consumption hence the operating costs increase. An additional increase of costs comes from wear of the furniture due to thermomechanical and chemical stresses. To decrease heat capacity porous materials or thinner furniture components may be used. However this calls for a trade-off with load-bearing capacity and stress resistance.
Types of kiln furniture
A saggar (also misspelled as sagger or segger) is a ceramic boxlike container used in the firing of pottery to enclose or protect ware being fired inside a kiln. Saggars have been used to protect, or safeguard, ware from open flame, smoke, gases and kiln debris. Traditionally, saggars were made primarily from fireclay. Modern saggars are made of alumina ceramic, cordierite ceramic, mullite ceramic silicon carbide and in special cases from zirconia.
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Kiln furniture
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A pernette or stilt is a prop to support pottery in a kiln so that pottery does not touch each other or kiln's floor. In archaeology, they may be upside-down baked clay tripods, leaving characteristic marks at the bottoms of the pottery/porcelain. They expose the bottom of the fired piece to the full heat.
Other types of furniture and furniture systems include kiln cars, kiln shelves, batts, tiles, and plates; tubes and beams; props and fittings, profile setters, rollers, stools; T-cranks, Y-cranks, pin cranks. The design of kiln furniture system depends of the wares manufactured: structural clay products, dinnerware, tiles, electronics ceramics, sanitaryware, electrical porcelain, etc.
References
Pottery
Kilns
Firing techniques
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Kiln furniture
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Twosday is the name given to Tuesday, February 22, 2022, and an unofficial one-time secular observance held on that day, characterized as a fad. The name is a portmanteau of two and tuesday, deriving from the fact that the digits of the date form a numeral palindrome marked by exclusivity or prevalence of the digit 2—when written in different numerical date formats, such as: 22/02/2022, 22/2/22 and 2/22/22. It is also an ambigram. According to University of Portland professor Aziz Inan, the palindrome is one of the “ubiquitous palindromes”, as it retains its defining characteristics globally, despite the differences in national date formats. In countries that apply the ISO 8601 international standard for the calendar, there is an additional congruence inasmuch as Tuesday is the second day of the week.
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Twosday
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Anticipation
The attraction to the date is due to apophenia. Twosday was cited as an example of humans being conditioned under societal institutions to notice only some while ignoring other coincidences that surround them. Attraction to numerology was cited as a reason as well.
In 2016, the website 22-2-22.com was created to count down to the date. Snopes wrote about Twosday in 2018, in one of its articles debunking false rumors about special dates—the claim about Twosday was rated as "True", but the concept was criticized insofar "2/22/2022 certainly features a number of 2s, but isn’t it fudging things to use the 22nd day of a year that includes a number other than two?"
Events
The interest surrounding the date was noted as a social media phenomenon, with the hashtag #22222 receiving 58 million views on TikTok. Google marked the date with an Easter egg.
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Twosday
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Events
The interest surrounding the date was noted as a social media phenomenon, with the hashtag #22222 receiving 58 million views on TikTok. Google marked the date with an Easter egg.
Twosday was marked by festivities in several cities:
In Sacramento, California, 222 couples were married, in a collective wedding at the California State Capitol.
In Las Vegas, Nevada, weddings were performed at the Harry Reid International Airport. It was suggested that the number of weddings may have broken the record for the most weddings in a single day in Clark County, Nevada.
In Singapore, 500 couples were scheduled to be wedded, nine times more than the usual.
An American food holiday "National Margarita Day" coincided with Twosday, and various thematic activities relating to Twosday took place, mostly in the form of sales promotions (such as 22% discounts). Various businesses engaged in other Twosday-specific sales promotions.
In schools around the United States, children buried time capsules, and did other activities themed on the number two.
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Twosday
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In schools around the United States, children buried time capsules, and did other activities themed on the number two.
Other Twosdays
The subsequent Twosday in the United States date notation (i.e. another 2/22/22 that falls on a Tuesday) is February 22, 2422. In a year that ends with 22 (which could be 2122, 2222, etc.), that is the fist subsequent occurence of February 22 being on a Tuesday, per the 400-year Gregorian calendar cycle.
"Threesday"
In relation to Twosday, Thursday, March 3, 2033 (3/3/33) was named "Threesday"; it is not palindromic in the eight-digit format.
In popular culture
Late-night talk show hosts Stephen Colbert, Jimmy Kimmel, and Jimmy Fallon made references to Twosday in their programmes. Jimmy Kimmel Live! featured a Twosday-themed introductory sing-and-dance segment (calling the show "your second favorite show"), while Colbert conversed with a 2-shaped puppet.
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Twosday
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See also
11/11/11, another common name for the Great Blue Norther of November 11, 1911 (natural disaster)
Doomsday method, and its mnemonic weekday names, which include "Twosday", as an earlier instance of this portmanteau
Framing (social sciences)
Notes
References
Portmanteaus
Unofficial observances
2020s fads and trends
Palindromes
Portmanteaus
Numerology
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Twosday
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Dimensions is the most comprehensive research grants database "which links grants to millions of resulting publications, clinical trials and patents. 6m grants worth more than 2.1 trillion USD from 627 funders worldwide." Dimensions is part of Digital Science (or Digital Science & Research Solutions Ltd) a technology company with its headquarters in London, United Kingdom. The company focuses on strategic investments into startup companies that support the research lifecycle.
Several studies published in 2021 compared Dimensions with its subscription-based commercial competitors, and unanimously found that Dimensions.io provides broader temporal and publication source coverage than Scopus and Web of Science in most subject areas, and that Dimensions is closer in its coverage to free aggregation databases, such as Lens and Google Scholar. As of October 2021, Dimensions.ai covers nearly 106 million publications with over 1.2 billion citations.
References
External link
Dimensions official website
Bibliographic databases and indexes
Scholarly search services
Online databases
Citation indices
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Dimensions (database)
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Heinz Stammberger (1946-2018) was a German-Austrian teacher, and researcher in the field of sinus surgery and otolaryngology. He was an Emeritus Professor and Head of the Department of General ORL, H&NS of the Medical University of Graz.
Work
Stammberger was widely recognized as the father of endoscopic sinus surgery. He started in 1975 working in the ENT department at Graz under the supervision of Prof Messerklinger who developed his endoscopic approach to sinus disease. He learned the basics of endoscopic surgery in Graz and spent his life advocating and teaching FESS philosophy around the world.
Heinz Stammberger Award has been created in 2019 to pay tribute to the Stammberger through an annual award by the Middle East Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (MEAO-HNS).
References
1946 births
2018 deaths
Physicians from Graz
University of Graz faculty
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Heinz Stammberger
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NEO-MAPP means Near-Earth-Object - Modelling and Payloads for Protection.
This project is focused on two main topics related to planetary defense and asteroids exploration, that are: on one side, maturation of existing digital modelisation capacities of various process governing asteroids evolution (impact, dynamic, structural evolution) and its adaptation to specific use cases, and, on the other side, development of instruments, technologies and data exploitation models linked to it, in order to support space missions towards near-earth-objects.
Presentation
The NEO-MAPP project, financed by the European Commission through its Horizon 2020 programme, is coordinated by the French Centre Nationale de la Recherche Spatiale and its coordinator Patrick Michel, from Lagrange Laboratory, who is also the Principal Investigator of ESA's Hera space mission, the reference mission of the project.
The reference mission of the NEO-MAPP project is the Hera mission, currently under development under the Space Security programme at the European Space Agency (ESA), which will be launched on October, 2024 with aim to mesure impact results of the NASA's DART mission on satellite Dimorphos, part of the double asteroid (65803) Didymos.
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NEO-MAPP
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Hera will also characterize the entire physical properties and composition of the double asteroid, including for the first time, internal properties. NEO-MAPP activities therefore accompany the Hera mission developement, both in term of digital modellisation than in term of developing some instruments aboard the probe and analysis tools obtain by the mission. Most of the science team members of Hera mission are also members of NEO-MAPP. The main NEO-MAPP goal is to provide significant advances, both on understanding the response of asteroids to external forces (in particular to kinetic impact or to immediate approach of a planet), and in associated measures carried out by a space craft (including those necessary to physical and dynamical characterization in general).
Several communities are interested in asteroids for pour various reasons, from Science to planetary defense and even business objectives (for instance mining, ressource extraction and exploitation). Given the principle scientific and technologic sharing, all these communities are seeking knowledge and means of asteroid property modelisations, as well as capacity to achieve operations at close proximity of a celestial small body and to obtain relevant measures. Multidisciplinary approach at the heart of NEO-MAPP offers the possibility to accomplish significant advances on each of these aspects.
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NEO-MAPP
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The most threatening asteroids with a trajectory crossing the Earth orbit – in terms of collisions frequency with Earth – are the smallest, the ones whose size is below 1 km. However, this is least humankind-known population, due to the fact that ground observations does not allow us to obtain measures of its physical properties at a required level of detail.
Project Partners
The NEO-MAPP consortium consists of a grouping of European research instituts and of two space industries in Europe. Most of the consortium members have collaborated, under the auspices of the ESA, in exploration project of the solar system, have responsibilities within the science team of the Hera mission, and are involved in space missions towards small bodies of other pace agencies (for instance the NASA's or the JAXA's). Furthermore, some project partners were before that members of PF7 NEOShield and/or H2020 NEOShield-2 European programmes.
Here are the 15 partners of the project :
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NEO-MAPP
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Here are the 15 partners of the project :
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS (Laboratoire Joseph Louis Lagrange, France)
Asteroid Foundation (Luxembourg)
Airbus Defence and Space (Allemagne)
Aristotelio Panepistimio Thessalonikis (Grèce)
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR (Allemagne)
FCiencias.ID – Associacao para a Investigacao e Desenvolvimento de Ciencias (Portugal)
GMV S.A. (Portugal)
Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (Espagne)
Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace, ISAE (France)
Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Allemagne)
Observatoire Royal de Belgique (Belgique)
University of Alicante (Espagne)
Universität Bern (Suisse)
ALMA MATER STUDIORUM - Università di Bologna (Italie)
Université Grenoble Alpes (France)
Members of partner instituts contributing to work modules with a scientific vocation are renowned experts in impact process, in dynamic evolution of NEOs, and in modelisation of their physical properties, includi
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NEO-MAPP
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ng their internal structures. This consortium includes partners having an extensive experience in developing relevant technologies and space missions systems. Public outreach to all these activities is supervised by a partner whose experience and efficiency has been proven through the increasing success of Asteroid Day, which they organise every year since its creation in 2015. Some partnership are overlapping in terms of research field and in competences, which ensures a good and necessary synergy between the various work modules.
Advisory Board
The NEO-MAPP project is lead by a 7 member-advisory board.
Dr. Brian May (Queen band guitarist and co-founder of the Asteroid Day movement) assists the project on the outreach side toward general public by producing image pairs et des stereoscopic films of the digital modelisations of the project, allowing them to be visualised in 3D.
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NEO-MAPP
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Ian Carnelli is the Hera mission manager at ESA, Dr. Michael Kueppers is the Hera mission ESA scientist, Dr. Aurélie Moussi est a small bodies mission CNES expert, Dr. Andy Cheng is one of the leader of NASA's DART mission at Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physic Laboratory (APL), Dr. Paul Abell est a small bodies expert representing NASA and Pr. Makoto Yoshikawa is JAXA's Hayabusa2 mission manager.
Results
Resultats obtained by the project contribute to provide significant advances in our comprehension of NEOs while yielding profit and increasing progress in the expertise European scientists and engineers, both in terms of efforts dedicated to planetary defense and to small bodies exploration.
Therefore, project members participate in publishing of several articles in peer-reviewed journals among them Science, Nature Astronomy, Nature Communications, Astronomy & Astrophysics and Icarus.
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NEO-MAPP
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Therefore, project members participate in publishing of several articles in peer-reviewed journals among them Science, Nature Astronomy, Nature Communications, Astronomy & Astrophysics and Icarus.
Public Outreach
The project has also given itself the objective to increase media coverage of scientific space research dedicated to planatry defense, public outreach (in particular among the youngest and science and ingeneering students) to impact risks and coverage of this global risk by the European scientific community, admittedly at low probability but factually at high consequence for Earth, by the combination of videos published on its website and by interventions in the medias.
References
External Links
Center for Near Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) – Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA
Table of Asteroids Next Closest Approaches to the Earth – Sormano Astronomical Observatory
IAU Minor Planet Center
Current Map Of The Solar System – Armagh Observatory
Space
Asteroids
Planetary defense
Astronomy
Europe
Solar System
Near-Earth objects
Space hazards
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NEO-MAPP
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Sonia Amin Fahmy is a computer scientist specializing in computer networking, including network architectures and communication protocols, and particularly known for her work on clustering in wireless ad hoc networks. She is a professor of computer science at Purdue University.
Education and career
Fahmy studied computer science as an undergraduate at The American University in Cairo, graduating in 1992. After working for two years as a software engineer in Egypt, she went to the Ohio State University for graduate study in computer science, earning a master's degree there in 1996 and completing her Ph.D. in 1999. Her dissertation, Traffic Management for Point-to-Point and Multipoint Available Bit Rate (ABR) Service in Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Networks, was supervised by Rajendra Jain.
She joined the Purdue University faculty as an assistant professor in 1999, earned tenure as an associate professor there in 2005, and was promoted to full professor in 2011. She was named a University Faculty Scholar for 2015–2020.
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Sonia Fahmy
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Recognition
In 2022, Fahmy was named an IEEE Fellow "for contributions to design and evaluation of network protocols and sensor networks".
References
External links
Home page
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American computer scientists
American women computer scientists
Computer networking people
The American University in Cairo alumni
Ohio State University alumni
Purdue University faculty
Fellow Members of the IEEE
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Sonia Fahmy
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ZC45 and ZXC21, sometimes known as the Zhoushan virus, are two bat-derived strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus. They were collected in least horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus pusillus) from sites in Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China and published in 2018. These two virus strains belong to the clade of SARS-CoV-2, the virus strain that causes COVID-19, sharing 88% nucleotide identity at the scale of the complete virus genome.
References
SARS-CoV-2
Bat virome
Coronaviridae
Animal virology
Sarbecovirus
Zoonoses
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ZC45 and ZXC21
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In mathematics mirror descent descent is an iterative optimization algorithm for finding a local minimum of a differentiable function.
It generalizes algorithms such as gradient descent and multiplicative weights.
History
Mirror descent was originally proposed by Nemirovski and Yudin in 1983.
Motivation
In gradient descent applied to a differentiable function , one starts with a guess for a local minimum of , and considers the sequence such that
(assuming a constant learning rate)
We have a monotonic sequence
so, hopefully, the sequence converges to the desired local minimum.
This can be reformulated by noting that
In other words, minimizes the first-order approximation to at with added proximity term .
This Euclidean distance term is a particular example of a Bregman distance. Using other Bregman distances will yield other algorithms such as Hedge which may be more suited to optimization over particular geometries.
Formulation
We are given convex function to optimize over convex set , and given some norm on .
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Mirror descent
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Formulation
We are given convex function to optimize over convex set , and given some norm on .
We are also given differentiable convex function , -strongly convex with respect to the given norm. This is called the distance-generating function, and its gradient is known as the mirror map.
Starting from initial , in each iteration of Mirror Descent:
Map to the dual space:
Update in the dual space using a gradient step:
Map pack to the primal space:
Project back to the feasible region : , where is the Bregman divergence
Extensions
Mirror descent in the online optimization setting is known as Online Mirror Descent (OMD).
See algo
Gradient descent
Multiplicative weight update method
Hedge algorithm
Bregman divergence
References
External links
Mathematical optimization
Optimization algorithms and methods
Gradient methods
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Mirror descent
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Nicos Christofides (born 1942 in Cyprus; died 2019) was a Cypriot mathematician and professor of financial mathematics at Imperial College London.
Christofides studied electrical engineering at Imperial College London, where he also received his PhD in 1966 (dissertation: The origin of load losses in induction motors with cast aluminum rotors). He was briefly with Associated Electrical Industries and then again at Imperial College.
In 1976, he devised Christofides algorithm, an algorithm for finding approximate solutions to the travelling salesman problem. Christofides algorithm is considered "groundbreaking" and has collected over 2200 citations.
In 1982 he became professor of operations research. In 1990, he was the co-founder and director of the Centre for Quantitative Finance (now the Institute for Financial Engineering). Christofides became Professor Emeritus of Quantitative Finance at Imperial College London in 2009. He passed away in 2019.
References
1942 births
2019 deaths
Cypriot mathematicians
Greek Cypriot people
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Nicos Christofides
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A hydraulic modular trailer is a special platform trailer unit which feature swing axles, hydraulic suspension, independently steerable axles, two or more axle rows, compatible to join two or more units longitudinally and laterally and uses power pack unit to steer and adjust height. These trailer units are used to transport oversized load, which are difficult to disassemble and are overweight. These trailers are manufactured using high tensile steel, which makes it possible to bear the weight of the load with the help of one more ballast tractors which push and pull these units via drawbar or gooseneck together making a heavy hauler.
Typical loads include oil rig modules, bridge sections, buildings, ship sections, and industrial machinery such as generators and turbines. There is a limited number of manufacturers who produce these heavy-duty trailers because the market share of oversized loads is very thin when we talk about transportation industry. There are self powered units of hydraulic modular trailer which are called SPMT which are used when the ballast tractors can not be applied.
Accessories
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Hydraulic modular trailer
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Accessories
Gooseneck
Drawbar
Drop Deck
Vessel Bridge
Intermediate spacer
Excavator deck
Extendable spacer
Turntables
Blade Lifter
Tower adapter
Girder bridge
Trailer power assist
Manufacturers
Goldhofer
Scheuerle
Nicolas
Kamag
Tiiger
Faymonville
Cometto
Operators
ALE
Sarens
Mammoet
Lampson International
Gallery
See also
Heavy hauler
Tractor unit
Ringfeder
Ballast tractor
References
Trailers
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Hydraulic modular trailer
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Biothesiometry is a noninvasive medical test used to quantify the perception of vibration by measuring its threshold. It is used in neurology, electrophysiology to diagnose a number of conditions, like diabetic neuropathy and erectile dysfunction, where the vibration perception threshold (VPT) would be higher than average. The numerical nature of the test can help stage the progression of disease or complications.
The test is done through a biothesiometer, which is composed of a handheld probe wired to a display unit. Both digital and analog types are commercially available, giving the reading on either a dial or a screen.
In a systematic review of screening methods for pediatric diabetic peripheral neuropathies, biothesiometry and fine microfilaments were shown to be the only diagnostic methods with high sensitivity and specificity.
References
Neurology
Electrophysiology
Medical equipment
Medical tests
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Biothesiometry
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The American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists is a professional association for veterinary parasitology. Despite the name it primarily serves both the United States and Canada and to a lesser degree the entire world. The AAVP connects veterinary parasitologists to each other and provides recommendations as to research and practice methods.
Journals
As part of its professional development and education mission the AAVP publishes:
Veterinary Parasitology along with Elsevier
References
External links
Health care-related professional associations based in the United States
Veterinary medicine-related professional associations
Veterinary medicine in the United States
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American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists
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The (CRE, or French Energy Regulatory Commission under its official English title) is an independent body that regulates the French electricity and gas markets. It is a member of the European Union organisation ACER and the all-European CEER (Council of European Energy Regulators).
References
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Commission de régulation de l'énergie
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The Hart circle is externally tangent to and internally tangent to incircles of the associated triangles ,,, or the other way around.
The Hart circle was discovered by Andrew Searle Hart.
There are eight different hart circles associated with a specific circular triangle.
References
External links
History of the Nine-Point Circle, Cambridge University
Discussion of Hart Circle in context of Feuerbach's theorem
On Centers and Central Lines of Triangles in the Elliptic Plane
CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Mathematics by Eric W. Weisstein
Geometry
Triangles
Circles
Triangle geometry
Polygons
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Hart circle
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Matilde Noemí Lalín is an Argentine-Canadian mathematician specializing in number theory and known for her work on L-functions, Mahler measure, and their connections. She is a professor of mathematics at the Université de Montréal.
Education and career
Lalín is originally from Buenos Aires, and is a double citizen of Argentina and Canada. As a high school student, she represented Argentina twice in the International Mathematical Olympiad, in 1993 and 1995, earning a silver medal in 1995.
She earned a licenciatura in 1999 from the University of Buenos Aires. After starting graduate study at Princeton University and spending a term as a visiting student at Harvard University, she completed her doctorate in 2005 at the University of Texas at Austin. Her dissertation, Some Relations of Mahler Measure with Hyperbolic Volumes and Special Values of L-Functions, was supervised there by Fernando Rodriguez-Villegas.
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Matilde Lalín
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She became a postdoctoral researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study, Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, Max Planck Institute for Mathematics, and Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences, before obtaining a tenure-track faculty position in 2007 as an assistant professor of mathematics at the University of Alberta. She moved to the Université de Montréal in 2010, earned tenure as an associate professor there in 2012, and was promoted to full professor in 2018.
Recognition
Lalín is the 2022 winner of the Krieger–Nelson Prize of the Canadian Mathematical Society, "for her outstanding contributions to research in Number Theory and related areas".
References
External links
Home page
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Argentine mathematicians
Argentine women mathematicians
Canadian mathematicians
Canadian women mathematicians
University of Buenos Aires alumni
University of Texas at Austin alumni
University of Alberta faculty
Université de Montréal faculty
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Matilde Lalín
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Tubular carcinoma is a subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. More rarely, it may affect the pancreas or kidney. It begins in the milk duct of the breast and spreads to healthy tissue around it.
Pathology
Although tubular carcinoma has been considered a special-type tumor, recent trend has been to classify it as a low-grade, invasive NOS carcinoma because there is a continuous spectrum from pure tubular carcinomas to mixed NOS carcinomas with tubular features, depending on the percentage of the lesion that displays tubular features.
Histology
Tubular carcinomas are generally around 1 cm. or smaller, and are made up of tubules. They are usually low-grade. Elastosis has been noted as common but is not present in all cases.
Prevalence
Prevalence has previously been controversial, with contradictory reports from studies reporting either very low prevalence, or a high prevalence. With the increasing availability of screening mammography, however, tubular carcinomas are being diagnosed earlier, and more recent studies suggest they are around 8% to 27% of all breast cancers.
Prognosis
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Tubular carcinoma
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Prognosis
Tubular carcinoma is one of the histologic types of breast cancer with a more favorable outcome.
See also
Breast cancer classification
Ductal carcinoma in situ – a common precancerous or Stage 0 breast cancer
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
Invasive carcinoma of no special type
Invasive lobular carcinoma
Invasion (cancer)
Notes and references
Notes
References
Further reading
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Tubular carcinoma
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The Importance Value Index in Ecology, is the measure of how dominant a species is in a given ecosystem.
References
Indexes
Ecology
Biodiversity
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Importance Value Index
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Oleg Anisimov is a Russian climate scientist. Doctor of Science in Geography and Professor of Physical Geography at the State Hydrological Institute (SHI), part of the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring of Russia (Roshydromet) in Saint Petersburg. An expert on the impact of climate change on the Arctic region, he has acted as a lead author for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which received the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize.
Life
Anisimov was the coordinating lead author of the Polar regions chapters in the Third (2001), Fourth (2007) and Fifth IPCC assessmment reports. He was also lead author for the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) and Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA).
In 2015, Anisimov warned that Arctic amplification was causing global warming in Yakutia, Russia's coldest region, to take place at twice the global rate:
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Oleg Anisimov
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In 2015, Anisimov warned that Arctic amplification was causing global warming in Yakutia, Russia's coldest region, to take place at twice the global rate:
In December 2018, he addressed the 8th Arctic: Today and the Future, an international forum of Arctic researchers, reporting on changes in the cryolithic zone of the Arctic.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Russian climatologists
Arctic scientists
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Oleg Anisimov
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A blank value in analytical chemistry is a measurement of a blank. The reading does not originate from a sample, but the matrix effects, reagents and other residues. These contribute to the sample value in the analytical measurement and therefore have to be subtracted.
References
Analytical chemistry
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Blank value
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A terrestrial cable is a communications cable which crosses land, rather than water. Terrestrial cable may be subterranean (buried) or aerial (suspended from poles), and may be fiber or copper. The term "terrestrial cable" is principally used to distinguish it from submarine cable, although some overlap exists between the two.
Major terrestrial cable systems include the Europe-Persia Express Gateway and the family of Eurasia terrestrial cable networks.
See also
Aerial cable
Utility pole
Undergrounding
Direct-buried cable
List of terrestrial fibre optic cable projects in Africa
References
External links
Eurasia terrestrial cable networks
The Operation of Cross-Border Terrestrial Fibre-Optic Networks in Asia and the Pacific
Signal cables
Optical telecommunications cables
Telecommunications equipment
History of telecommunications
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Terrestrial cable
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A diffusion tube is a scientific device that passively samples the concentration of one or more gases in the air, commonly used to monitor average air pollution levels over a period ranging from days to about a month. Diffusion tubes are widely used by local authorities for monitoring air quality in urban areas, in citizen science pollution-monitoring projects carried out by community groups and schools, and in indoor environments such as mines and museums.
Construction and operation
A diffusion tube consists of a small, hollow, usually transparent, acrylic or polypropylene plastic tube, roughly 70mm long, with a cap at each end. One of the caps (coloured white) is either completely removed to activate the tube (in the case of nitrogen dioxide sampling) or contains a filter allowing in just the gas being studied. The other cap (a different colour) contains metal mesh discs coated with a chemical reagent that absorbs the gas being studied as it enters the tube. Tubes that work this way are also known as Palmes tubes after their inventor, American chemist Edward Palmes, who described using such a tube as a personal air quality sensor in 1976.
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Diffusion tube
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During operation, the tube is opened and vertically fastened with cable ties to something like a lamp-post or road sign, with the open end facing down, and the closed, coloured cap at the top. The gas being monitored, which is at a higher concentration in the atmosphere, diffuses into the bottom of the tube and is quickly absorbed by the chemical cap. Since it's absorbed, the process of diffusion continues. After a fixed period of time (typically from two weeks to a month), the tube is sealed up and sent away to a laboratory for analysis. The atmospheric concentration of the gas being studied can be calculated using the amount captured and Fick's laws of diffusion.
Diffusion tubes can be used to sample various different gases, including oxides of nitrogen (nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide), sulphur dioxide, ammonia, and ozone. Although tubes sampling these gases all work through the same process of molecular diffusion, there are important differences. Nitrogen dioxide tubes use triethanolamine, TEA, as the absorbing (reagant) chemical, for example, while hydrogen sulphide tubes are opaque (rather than transparent) to prevent ultraviolet light from degrading the chemicals inside. Some types of tube can sample multiple gases at the same time.
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Diffusion tube
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Advantages and disadvantages
Diffusion tubes are reasonably accurate, relatively cheap, easy to use, extremely compact, passive (they need no power source), and have a fairly long shelf life; with careful positioning, they can be deployed more or less anywhere, indoors or outdoors. They give a reasonable indication of the long-term, average concentration of a pollutant gas, such as nitrogen dioxide, and they make it easy to compare average pollution levels in different places or at different times. Often, a series of tubes are mounted in exactly the same place for consecutive months of the year to enable longer-term comparisons of pollution levels. It's also common for local authorities to mount a number of tubes in different places over the same time period so pollution hotspots in towns and cities can be identified.
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Diffusion tube
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