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pubmed-1201 | w ostatnich latach coraz czciej wprowadza si do leczenia chirurgicznego choroby wiecowej zabieg pomostowania aortalno-wiecowego bez uycia krenia pozaustrojowego (off-pump coronary artery bypass opcab). zabieg przeprowadzany na bijcym sercu uwaa si za mniej inwazyjny, poniewa pozwala unikn efektw ubocznych zwizanych ze... | introductionthere has been a growing interest in off-pump coronary artery bypass (opcab) grafting in recent years. beating-heart surgery is believed to be less invasive as it allows the side effects of extracorporeal circulation to be avoided.the aim of the studythe aim of the study was to compare blood product transfu... | PMC4283870 |
pubmed-1202 | myocardial infarction (mi), and subsequent reperfusion injury, is the most common and clinically significant form of acute cardiac injury and results in the ischemic death of cardiomyocytes.1,2 among the pathological mechanisms underlying myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (mi/r) injury, inflammation and inflammatory cell... | myocardial infarction (mi) is the most common cause of cardiac injury, and subsequent reperfusion further enhances the activation of innate and adaptive immune responses and cell death programs. therefore, inflammation and inflammatory cell infiltration are the hallmarks of mi and reperfusion injury. ischemic cardiac i... | PMC4892199 |
pubmed-1203 | the frequency of chronic kidney disease (ckd) has been progressively increasing over the last two decades (1) and has become a worldwide public health problem. the prevalence of ckd is estimated to be 816% worldwide (2). kidney transplantation is the best alternative treatment for end-stage renal disease and health-rel... | background: kidney transplantation is the best alternative treatment for end-stage renal disease. several studies have been devoted to investigate predisposing factors of graft rejection. however, there is inconsistency between the results. the objective of the present study was to utilize an intuitive and robust appro... | PMC4822390 |
pubmed-1204 | slips, trips and falls (stfs) lead recurrently to injuries in occupational situations1. these accidents are triggered by a movement disturbance (a slip or a trip) when working, especially when walking. other movement disturbances (a wrench slipping, an arm colliding with a wall, etc.) can occur in occupational situa... | workplace design and upkeep, or human factors, are frequently advanced for explaining so-called occupational slip, trip and fall accidents (ostfas). despite scientific progress, these accidents, and more broadly occupational accidents with movement disturbance (oamds), are also commonly considered to be simple. thi... | PMC4246534 |
pubmed-1205 | the introduction of digital technologies in clinical pathology practice could produce great benefits in the form of improved patient care, better efficiency of health services, and novel diagnostic tools. at the same time, it is clear that these benefits can only be achieved if digital pathology solutions are carefully... | techniques for digital pathology are envisioned to provide great benefits in clinical practice, but experiences also show that solutions must be carefully crafted. the nordic countries are far along the path toward the use of whole-slide imaging in clinical routine. the nordic symposium on digital pathology (ndp) was c... | PMC4355840 |
pubmed-1206 | gestational diabetes mellitus (gdm) is defined as glucose intolerance 1st recognized during pregnancy with a prevalence of 2% to 14% in all pregnant women. gdm is associated with maternal, fetal, and neonatal adverse outcomes such as cesarean delivery, preeclampsia, shoulder dystocia, macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia,... | abstractpregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (gdm) are associated with increased risks of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes differ depending on the glucose values among gdm patients. for accurate and effective prenatal counseling, it is necessary to underst... | PMC5023889 |
pubmed-1207 | crohn s disease (cd) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by focal, asymmetric, transmural inflammation of uncertain etiology and of an unpredictable course. the clinical presentation of cd is characteristically manifested by repeated cycles of active and quiescent disease of d... | treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-tnf) therapy has become a mainstay of therapy for patients with cd who are unresponsive to conventional medical management. currently there are three anti-tnf antibodies that have been approved by the us food and drug administration for the treatment of cd, namely inflixi... | PMC3987757 |
pubmed-1208 | use-dependent plasticity shapes neuronal networks within sensory systems during early life to optimally represent sensory stimuli. experience-dependent organization of eye-specific inputs is a major mechanism whereby refinement of synaptic connectivity is achieved in the developing visual system [24]. monocular depri... | the nervous system is highly sensitive to experience during early postnatal life, but this phase of heightened plasticity decreases with age. recent studies have demonstrated that developmental-like plasticity can be reactivated in the visual cortex of adult animals through environmental or pharmacological manipulation... | PMC3710606 |
pubmed-1209 | procalcitonin (pct) is a 14-kd protein encoded by the calc-1 gene and synthesized physiologically by thyroid c-cells. under normal conditions, serum pct levels are negligible. after shock or tissue injury (i.e. burn, trauma, surgery) or infections and sepsis, pct mrna expression has been documented in human extra-thyro... | introductionprocalcitonin concentrations are considered as a component of the inflammatory response and as an acute-phase marker, after shock or tissue injury (i.e. burn, trauma, surgery) or infections and sepsis. no data are so far available on the dynamics of procalcitonin levels in patients with cardiogenic shock fo... | PMC3484587 |
pubmed-1210 | cell growth is tightly linked with the cell's perception of its nutritional environment. in particular, microorganisms, such as the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, that spend most of their time in the stationary phase in the wild, therefore, yeast is a good model organism for the study of nutrient detection and respons... | autophagy is a membrane trafficking to vacuole/lysosome induced by nutrient starvation. in saccharomyces cerevisiae, tor protein, a phosphatidylinositol kinase-related kinase, is involved in the repression of autophagy induction by a largely unknown mechanism. here, we show that the protein kinase activity of apg1 is e... | PMC2150712 |
pubmed-1211 | a change in the genetic code, also known as mutation, is the primary source of genetic variation which gives rise to diversity within a population. when accumulated over generations, these genetic variations may improve the adaptability; hence, the survival of organisms in different environmental conditions [1, 2]. thi... | escherichia coli is commonly found in intestine of human, and any changes in their adaptation or evolution may affect the human body. the relationship between e. coli and food additives is less studied as compared to antibiotics. e. coli within our human gut are consistently interacting with the food additives; thus, ... | PMC3658543 |
pubmed-1212 | laparoscopic surgery has established itself as a durable alternative for both gynecologic and general surgical procedures. with increasing popularity and greater utility, the types and number of reported complications are increasing. we describe the case of a 70-year-old male undergoing routine laparoscopic cholecystec... | laparoscopic surgery has become a durable alternative for both gynecologic and general surgical procedures, but reported complications are increasing. we describe the case of a 70-year-old male undergoing routine laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstone pancreatitis who developed asystolic cardiac arrest intraoperati... | PMC3015508 |
pubmed-1213 | voltage-gated sodium channels (nav) are membrane-bound proteins that initiate action potentials in nerve and muscle cells and are critical elements of proper function in these tissues. the channels open when the voltage across the cell membrane is depolarized by a few millivolts above the normally negative resting memb... | tetrodotoxin (ttx) is a highly specific blocker of voltage-gated sodium channels. the dissociation constant of block varies with different channel isoforms. until recently, channel resistance was thought to be primarily imparted by amino acid substitutions at a single position in domain i. recent work reveals a novel s... | PMC3663409 |
pubmed-1214 | viruses are the most abundant and diverse biological entities in the biosphere, and their global numbers have been estimated at 1.2 10 and 2.6 10 in the ocean and soil, respectively. thus, viruses are key elements that contribute to the life cycles of cellular organisms. however, the study of viral ecology in natural... | the introduction of metagenomics into the field of virology has facilitated the exploration of viral communities in various natural habitats. understanding the viral ecology of a variety of sample types throughout the biosphere is important per se, but it also has potential applications in clinical and diagnostic virol... | PMC3794084 |
pubmed-1215 | postoperative cognitive dysfunction (pocd) is the deterioration of cognitive function, especially learning and memory, which may last for days, months, or even years [13]. pocd occurs after cardiac and noncardiac surgeries and increases first-year morbidity and mortality after surgery [46]. there is no doubt that aged ... | postoperative cognitive dysfunction (pocd) increases morbidity and mortality after surgery. but the underlying mechanism is not clear yet. while age is now accepted as the top one risk factor for pocd, results from studies investigating postoperative cognitive functions in adults have been controversial, and data about... | PMC5124473 |
pubmed-1216 | the over enthusiastic approach in maintaining tight blood sugar control so as to reduce the long-term complications of diabetes have resulted in increase in frequency of this complication. this situation seems to get worsened with use of combination of anti-diabetic drugs. the american diabetes association defines the ... | aims: to assess the role of diabetic education in increasing awareness about hypoglycemia and decreasing hypoglycemic symptoms in diabetics. materials and methods: this is a longitudinal study involving the use of a structured questionnaire for obtaining baseline information related to knowledge, attitude and practices... | PMC4366778 |
pubmed-1217 | during human gestation the placenta as a temporal villous organ fulfills a wide spread panel of pregnancy maintaining functions, including exchange of gases and metabolites, regulation of water balance, and secretion of endocrine factors. the vast majority of placenta derived endocrine factors are synthesized in the sy... | the chemokine fractalkine is considered as unique since it exists both as membrane-bound adhesion molecule and as shed soluble chemoattractant. here the hypothesis was tested whether placental fractalkine can be shed and released into the maternal circulation. immunohistochemical staining of human first trimester and t... | PMC3976874 |
pubmed-1218 | drug-induced dermatological reactions are common with the antiepiletic drugs such as carbamazepine (cbz), phenytoin, lamotrigine, ethosuximide, and phenobarbital. these reactions may occur in the mild form as benign rash or may be severe and life-threatening as erythema multiforme major or toxic epidermal necrolysis (t... | carbamazepine (cbz) is frequently used for epilepsy and various psychiatric illnesses. it is known for its dermatological side effects which may range from mild rash to life-threatening reactions as stevens johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis. we hereby report a rare case of 17-year-old woman suffering from ... | PMC3356969 |
pubmed-1219 | rasmussen's aneurysm is a less frequently noticed entity usually associated with pulmonary tuberculosis presenting with massive hemoptysis due to involvement of small peripheral pulmonary or bronchial artery by the tubercular cavity or lesion. involvement of a large central pulmonary artery by metastatic mediastinal no... | the authors report an extremely rare occurrence of a massive aneurysm of a major pulmonary artery branch vessel caused by adjacent necrotizing aggressive squamous cell carcinoma metastatic mediastinal nodes. despite the huge size, there was no hemoptysis due to the walling off effect by the necrotic nodes. | PMC4379684 |
pubmed-1220 | during the course of hiv-1 infection, multifactorial t-lymphocyte (t-cell)-mediated mechanisms contribute to the progressive loss of host immune function [15]. in infected individuals, immune dysregulation occurs early and is characterized by a decrease in cd4+cell count, a concurrent rise in cd8+cells, a progressive d... | objective. during the course of hiv infection, progressive immune deficiency occurs. the aim of this prospective substudy was to evaluate the recovery of functional immunity in a subset of patients from the grace (gender, race, and clinical experience) study treated with a drv/r-based regimen. methods. the recovery of... | PMC3874356 |
pubmed-1221 | chronic diseases are a major health concern and major cost in australia and in the most developed and developing countries. since 1999, the australian government, through its national health insurance scheme known as medicare, has sequentially introduced a range of incentives including subsidised computers, payments ... | background. key factors for the effective chronic disease management (cdm) include the availability of practical and effective computer tools and continuing professional development/education. this study tested the effectiveness of a computer assisted chronic disease management tool, a broadband-based service known as... | PMC4041255 |
pubmed-1222 | peptidyl prolyl cistrans isomerases regulate many biological processes by interacting with molecular switches whose conformations are modulated via cistrans isomerization of the prolyl peptide () bond.(1) many molecular switches are involved in cell signaling pathways, and deregulation of these pathways could trigger c... | peptidyl prolyl cistrans isomerases (ppiases) are ubiquitous enzymes in biology that catalyze the cistrans isomerization of the proline imide peptide bond in many cell signaling pathways. the local change of the isomeric state of the prolyl peptide bond acts as a switching mechanism in altering the conformation of prot... | PMC2651649 |
pubmed-1223 | preeclampsia/eclampsia (pe) syndrome, defined as new onset and persistent hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation in association with significant proteinuria, is a major cause of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. the pathophysiology of pe remains incompletely understood, and anticipation and appropriat... | introduction. an altered endothelial function (ef) could be associated with preeclampsia (pe). however, more specific and complementary analyses are required to confirm this topic. flow-mediated dilation (fmd), low-flow-mediated constriction (l-fmc), and hyperemic-related changes in carotid-radial pulse wave velocity ... | PMC4550743 |
pubmed-1224 | the analysis is based on food consumption data collected in nine european countries: denmark, finland, germany, ireland, italy, poland, spain, the netherlands, and united kingdom. the data were collected by an international life science institute (ilsi) europe expert group (9). the selected micronutrients are vitamin a... | background: a central element in establishing maximum amount of micronutrients in fortified foods and supplements is to reach to an agreement on how to estimate high intakes of vitamins and minerals from the european diet. objective:to examine whether ratios between the 95th percentile and mean intakes of vitamins and ... | PMC2767238 |
pubmed-1225 | keratoconus is a progressive noninflammatory thinning disorder of the cornea leading to a decrease in visual acuity as a result of myopia and irregular astigmatism [1, 2]. corneal collagen cross-linking (cxl) can effectively halt the progression of the disease, but visual acuity following cxl remains poor. in patients ... | purpose. to evaluate the long-term safety and clinical outcome of phakic visian toric implantable collamer lens (icl) insertion after corneal collagen cross-linking (cxl) in progressive keratoconus. methods. this was a retrospective study of 30 eyes (19 patients), with progressive keratoconus, who underwent sequential... | PMC4383407 |
pubmed-1226 | ternary boron carbonitride (b c n) nanotubes have recently attracted much attention because of their excellent mechanical properties, electrical properties, and anti-oxidant capacities. in addition, theoretical studies have revealed that the band gaps of b c n nanotubes can be tailored over a wide range by simply v... | in this study, a novel and facile approach for the synthesis of ternary boron carbonitride (b c n) nanotubes was reported. growth occurred by heating simple starting materials of boron powder, zinc oxide powder, and ethanol absolute at 1150 c under a mixture gas flow of nitrogen and hydrogen. as substrate, commercial... | PMC2894111 |
pubmed-1227 | the strength of the knee extensor and flexor muscles has been extensively studied and is a relevant clinical indicator of health status and functional capacity in coronary artery disease8, neuromuscular diseases9, the elderly10, renal disease11, and fibromyalgia12. in sports medicine, knee extensor and flexor muscle ... | [ purpose] to compare measurements of knee extensor and flexor muscle strength performed using a hand-held dynamometer and an isokinetic dynamometer in apparently healthy subjects. [subjects and methods] thirty adult volunteers underwent knee muscle strength evaluation using an isokinetic or a hand-held dynamometer.... | PMC5080149 |
pubmed-1228 | genome-wide biases in nucleotide content have been extensively studied in a wide variety of organisms. during the past decade, there has been accumulating evidence that these variations at the dna level can result in parallel changes in the frequencies of amino acids in the encoded proteins. for example, the gc content... | abstractvariations in gc content between genomes have been extensively documented. genomes with comparable gc contents can, however, still differ in the apportionment of the g and c nucleotides between the two dna strands. this asymmetric strand bias is known as gc skew. here, we have investigated the impact of differe... | PMC2779903 |
pubmed-1229 | calcific aortic valve stenosis has become the most common acquired valve disorder with the highest prevalence in the 8th or 9th decade of life. comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, stroke, coronary heart disease, peripheral artery disease, pulmonary disease, and renal impairment appear to markedly increase the risk... | background. transcatheter aortic valve implantation (tavi) is widely used in high risk patients (pts) with aortic stenosis. underlying chronic kidney disease implicates a high risk of postprocedural acute kidney injury (aki). we analyzed its occurrence, impact on hospital stay, and mortality. methods. 150 consecutive ... | PMC3541560 |
pubmed-1230 | study population-in total, 49 patients with chronic viral hepatitis, consisting of 28 hbv-infected patients and 21 hcv-infected patients, and 33 healthy, non-infected controls were included in the study. the patients were recruited from the clinic of infectious diseases of julio muller hospital (federal university ... | in this study, we analysed the frequency of micronuclei (mn), nucleoplasmic bridges (npbs) and nuclear buds (nbuds) and evaluated mutagen-induced sensitivity in the lymphocytes of patients chronically infected with hepatitis b virus (hbv) or hepatitis c virus (hcv). in total, 49 patients with chronic viral hepatitis... | PMC4005534 |
pubmed-1231 | development of the central nervous system (cns) is a complex process, which requires integration of many cellular processes including neural stem cell proliferation, migration, and neuronal differentiation. the major neuronal migration occurs in humans between the 12th and the 24th weeks of gestation and results in the... | the development of the central nervous system is complex and includes dorsal and ventral induction, neuronal proliferation, and neuronal migration, organization, and myelination. migration occurs in humans in early fetal life. pathogenesis of malformations of the central nervous system includes both genetic and environ... | PMC3324140 |
pubmed-1232 | more than 25 years after the identification of the causative agent of aids, hiv/aids is still a major challenge to society. the latest who/unaids report (2010) states that the number of people living with hiv has risen to 33.3 million, with more than 2.6 million new cases annually and almost 5000 aids-related deat... | in an effort to identify a new class of druglike hiv-1 protease inhibitors, four different stereopure -hydroxy -lactam-containing inhibitors have been synthesized, biologically evaluated, and cocrystallized. the impact of the tether length of the central spacer (two or three carbons) was also investigated. a compo... | PMC3310203 |
pubmed-1233 | haploid saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells use a prototypic, g-protein coupled-receptor/map kinase cascade signaling system, the pheromone response system 1, to sense and transmit information about the concentration of mating pheromone secreted by cells of the opposite mating type (fig. 1). the more information about... | haploid saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells use a prototypic cell signaling system to transmit information about the extracellular concentration of mating pheromone secreted by potential mating partners. the ability for cells to respond distinguishably to different pheromone concentrations depends on how much informat... | PMC2716709 |
pubmed-1234 | it is known that breast density is a risk factor of breast cancer. a woman who has more than 75% breast density is 46 times more likely to have breast cancer than a woman who has a breast density of less than 25%1. guidelines for breast cancer screening have been suggested, and women over 50 years old are general... | [ purpose] the aim of this study was to identify biochemical markers related to breast density. the study was performed with 200 patients who received mammography and biochemical marker testing between march 1, 2014 to october 1, 2014. [subjects and methods] following the american college of radiology, breast imagin... | PMC4540825 |
pubmed-1235 | platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, and iridium (platinum group metals) and gold together with silver (copper group metals) are known as noble metals. we discuss the ones that are already used in oncology or have a therapeutic potential. platinum (pt), with atomic number 78, atomic mass 195.08, density 21.45 g/cm, and meltin... | worldwide research groups are searching for anticancer compounds, many of them are organometalic complexes having platinum group metals as their active centers. most commonly used cytostatics from this group are cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin. cisplatin was used fot the first time in 1978, from this time many p... | PMC4631304 |
pubmed-1236 | alzheimer s disease (ad) is a progressive and the most prominent old-age debilitating disease which had a notable epidemic growth in recent years. according to statistical analyses, it is estimated that the number of people suffering from ad will double every twenty years; and by 2050, the number of sufferers from ad i... | abstractbackgrounddietary notifications have been introduced recently for alzheimer disease (ad). in iranian old medical manuscripts, there are some nutritional recommendations related to nesyan (ad equivalent). the aim of this article was to compare dietary recommendations of iranian traditional medicine (itm) with no... | PMC4441938 |
pubmed-1237 | left ventricular hypertrophy (lvh) and increased left ventricular mass (lvm) are strong risk factors for cardiovascular disease and morbidity. cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by increased cell size, cardiac remodeling of myofilaments, and increased expression of fetal genes. lvm results from a complex of interacti... | calmodulin ii (calm2) gene polymorphism might be responsible for the variation in the left ventricular mass amongst healthy individuals. the aim was to evaluate the correlation between left ventricular mass (lvm) and g.474955027g>a (rs7565161) polymorphism adjacent to the calm2 gene. healthy polish newborns (n=206) we... | PMC3835711 |
pubmed-1238 | according to the international continence society (ics), overactive bladder (oab) is a condition characterized by frequency (> 8 micturitions per day) and nocturia (waking one or more times at night to void) with or without urge incontinence (involuntary emptying of the contents of the bladder). many epidemiological an... | purposeto evaluate the risk factors for overactive bladder (oab) in a population aged 40 years and over in the community. materials and methodswe conducted a community-based survey of oab in a population aged 40 years and over in guri city and yangpyeong county, south korea, by use of the overactive bladder symptom sco... | PMC3427838 |
pubmed-1239 | phlegmon is a spreading diffuse inflammatory process associated with the formation of a suppurative exudate or pus. phlegmonous infection may involve any gastrointestinal tract site, although the stomach is most frequently involved (1). however, phlegmonous involvements of the esophagus, small bowel, or colon are rare ... | acute phlegmonous infection of the gastrointestinal tract is characterized by purulent inflammation of the submucosa and muscular layer with sparing of the mucosa. the authors report a rare case of acute diffuse phlegmonous esophagogastritis, which was well diagnosed based on the typical chest computed tomographic (ct)... | PMC2946669 |
pubmed-1240 | a lot of research has been done in the past, and still research is going on to explore tools and techniques for regeneration of lost tissues as a result of the disease process. the use of various grafts and recent tissue engineering techniques including stem cell research are testimony to the ever increasing need for m... | the ultimate goal of any dental treatment is the regeneration of lost tissues and alveolar bone. under the appropriate culture conditions, periosteal cells secrete extracellular matrix and form a membranous structure. the periosteum can be easily harvested from the patient's own oral cavity, where the resulting donor s... | PMC3179889 |
pubmed-1241 | infections are currently one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). one of the most prevalent bacterial infections in these patients is due to gram-positive organisms which have been rising during last decade. hence many of these patients re... | backgroundvancomycin is used abundantly in patients undergoing hsct, especially during neutropenic fever. despite its widespread use little is known about vancomycin pharmacokinetics in hsct patients. we conducted this study to investigate vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters in our hsct patients and to evaluate curre... | PMC3915428 |
pubmed-1242 | inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a group of chronic conditions of the colon and small intestine, consisting of crohn's disease (cd) and ulcerative colitis (uc), characterized by acute pain, vomiting, and diarrhea symptoms followed by remission. a single etiology has not been identified, but rather the pathogenesis o... | one of the main treatments currently used in humans to fight cancer is chemotherapy. a huge number of compounds with antitumor activity are present in nature, and many of their derivatives are produced by microorganisms. however, the search for new drugs still represents a main objective for cancer therapy, due to drug... | PMC3348609 |
pubmed-1243 | diabetic retinopathy (dr) is a one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes. in 2012, there are more than 371 million people suffering from diabetes, and it is being projected that the number of diabetic patients will reach 550 million in 2030 (http://www.eatlas.idf.org/; assessed 29-nov-2012). diabet... | diabetic retinopathy (dr) is a microvascular complication associated with chronic exposure to hyperglycemia and is a major cause of blindness worldwide. although clinical assessment and retinal autopsy of diabetic patients provide information on the features and progression of dr, its underlying pathophysiological mech... | PMC3826427 |
pubmed-1244 | the design of efficient water oxidation catalysts (wocs) based on nonprecious materials remains an important challenge for achieving a clean and sustainable solar fuels-based energy economy. we have previously shown that active wocs can be formed by anodic electrodeposition of metal-oxides from neutral and near-neu... | the observed water oxidation activity of the compound class co4o4(oac)4(py x)4 emanates from a co(ii) impurity. this impurity is oxidized to produce the well-known co-oec heterogeneous cobaltate catalyst, which is an active water oxidation catalyst. we present results from electron paramagnetic resonance spectros... | PMC4277775 |
pubmed-1245 | in recent years, there is increasing evidence to suggest that prokaryotes adopt primitive organelle-like structures called bacterial microcompartments or nanocompartments, depending on their size. such assemblies localize and compartmentalize multiple enzymes and substrates involved in specific metabolic pathways.... | the packaging of proteins into discrete compartments is an essential feature for cellular efficiency. inspired by nature, we harness virus-like assemblies as artificial nanocompartments for enzyme-catalyzed cascade reactions. using the negative charges of nucleic acid tags, we develop a versatile strategy to promo... | PMC5330652 |
pubmed-1246 | castleman s disease, giant lymph node hyperplasia, is an autoimmune, lymphoproliferative disease that shows itself with the enlargement of lymph nodes and varied clinical presentations. castleman s disease commonly involves mediastinum and hence it is thoracic in most of the reported cases. it is a rare disease that pr... | castleman s disease, giant lymph node hyperplasia, is a kind of benign lymphoproliferative disease with gentle behavior. its etiology and prevalence are unclear. this rare disease is usually found in mediastinal area asymptomatically and incidentally. it is also rare to see this tumor in the retroperitoneum. in this st... | PMC4567609 |
pubmed-1247 | breast cancer is a leading cause of death and disability among women, especially young women, in low- and middle-income countries. though incidence and overall mortality rates continue to be lower than in most high-income countries, case fatality rates from breast cancer are very high. these high case fatality rates ar... | breast cancer survival in the usa has continually improved over the last six decades and has largely been accredited to the use of mammography, advanced surgical procedures, and adjuvant therapies. data indicate, however, that there were substantial improvements in survival in the usa even prior to these technological ... | PMC3021855 |
pubmed-1248 | the consumption of high levels of fructose in humans and animals causes insulin resistance, lipid abnormalities, obesity, hypertension, and renal changes.1-5 the combination of these metabolic and cardiovascular alterations observed in fructose-fed subjects is collectively known as metabolic syndrome (ms). to model the... | objective: because autonomic dysfunction has been found to lead to cardiometabolic disorders and because studies have reported that simvastatin treatment has neuroprotective effects, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of simvastatin treatment on cardiovascular and autonomic changes in fru... | PMC3180142 |
pubmed-1249 | oral melanoma is an extremely rare tumor arising from uncontrolled growth of melanocytes found in the basal layer of oral mucous membrane. it occurs between 30 and 90 years of age, with a higher incidence in the 6th decade with a mean age of 56 years. it is having a higher prevalence in yellows, blacks, japanese, and i... | primary oral melanoma is a rare neoplasm of melanocytic origin, accounting for 0.5% of all oral malignancies. the chameleonic presentation of a mainly asymptomatic condition, rarity of this lesion, poor prognosis, and the necessity of a highly specialized treatment are factors that should be seriously considered by t... | PMC3469906 |
pubmed-1250 | in physical therapy for patients of cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, respiratory or musculoskeletal diseases, assessments of muscle strength and the movement of joints are essential for treatment planning and also for lifestyle guidance. in order to evaluate patient performance, the range of motion test (rom-t) is u... | [ purpose] in order to detect muscle activity with manual muscle testing, t2-weighted magnetic resonance (t2w-mr) images were detected by a 0.2 t compact mri system. [subjects and methods] the subjects were 3 adult males. transverse t2-weighted multi-slice spin-echo images of the left forearm were measured by a 39 ... | PMC5361000 |
pubmed-1251 | bis-quinolizidine alkaloids produced by lupine species have generated much interest because of their valuable pharmacological properties. both pharmacological and toxicological properties of these alkaloids are well known [1, 2]. sparteine appears to offer protection to plants from leguminosae family against insects an... | the unpublished in the literature fab mass spectral fragmentation of seven oxosparteines (i.e., 2-oxosparteine, 15-oxosparteine, 17-oxosparteine, 2,17-dioxosparteine, 2,13-dioxosparteine, 2-oxo-13-hydroxysparteine, and 2-oxo-17-hydroxysparteine) is investigated. fragmentation pathways, elucidation of which was assisted... | PMC3132517 |
pubmed-1252 | throughout life, we are constantly challenged by pathogens, and re-exposure to previously encountered viruses or bacteria happens frequently. homologous re-infections are often effectively controlled by neutralizing antibodies, but pathogens that express altered serological epitopes (heterosubtypic re-infection) can by... | summarymany infections are caused by pathogens that are similar, but not identical, to previously encountered viruses, bacteria, or vaccines. in such re-infections, pathogens introduce known antigens, which are recognized by memory t cells and new antigens that activate naive t cells. how preexisting memory t cells ... | PMC5081394 |
pubmed-1253 | uveal melanoma (um) is a rare intraocular cancer affecting the choroid, ciliary body, or iris. at diagnosis, almost all patients will present without evidence of metastatic disease. despite high rates of primary tumor control, metastatic lesions, predominantly to the liver, occur in approximately 2050% of um patients. ... | uveal melanoma management is challenging due to its metastatic propensity. decisiondx-um is a prospectively validated molecular test that interrogates primary tumor biology to provide objective information about metastatic potential that can be used in determining appropriate patient care. to evaluate the continued cli... | PMC4944073 |
pubmed-1254 | there have been numerous studies evaluating the anatomical distribution of vertebral fractures and consistently showing two prevalent peaks of vertebral fractures: the first one in the mid-thoracic spine region (t7/t8) and another one in the thoraco-lumbar junction (tlj)1,3,8,17,23,27). in these previous studies, appro... | objectivethe purpose of this study is to provide accurate understanding of clinical presentations and surgical outcomes as well as to identify the unique characteristics of lower lumbar osteoporotic compression fracture (ocf). methodsclinical data were collected from 120 patients who had l3, l4 or l5 percutaneous verte... | PMC4040645 |
pubmed-1255 | venous malformation is defined as malformations comprised of slow-flowing, abnormal dilated veins, and venous network. clinically venous malformations (vm) are present at birth and tend to grow steadily in proportion to the somatic growth of the child. venous malformations are congenital lesions that affect boys and gi... | vascular malformations are congenital lesions that are present at birth and do not regress. however, they often present later in life. they are subdivided into two categories: (1) slow- or low-flow and (2) fast- or high-flow malformations. low-flow malformations contain combinations of capillary, venous, and lymphatic ... | PMC3906654 |
pubmed-1256 | ectopic thyroid tissue is a common abnormality and results from abnormal embryologic development and migration of the thyroid gland. such tissue is usually found along the path of descent of the thyroid gland in the anterior midline of the neck. a lingual thyroid is the most common presentation of thyroid ectopy alon... | an 80-year-old female presented with an incidental finding of a retrosternal mass on magnetic resonance imaging. ultrasound demonstrated a mediastinal lesion adjacent to but separate from the inferior pole of the right thyroid lobe. fine needle aspiration cytology demonstrated colloid and follicular cells. at surgery, ... | PMC3197173 |
pubmed-1257 | pregnant women and neonates are at greater risk for influenza-related complications than the general population [1, 2]. most institutions and organizations recommend that all pregnant women receive the trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine [38]. such endorsements rely on the immunogenic response of the mothers,... | objective. to assess the effects of the inactivated influenza virus vaccine on influenza outcomes in pregnant women and their infants. methods. we performed a systematic review of the literature. we searched for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies in the medline, embase, and other relevant databases (ince... | PMC4045453 |
pubmed-1258 | since the first practical implementation of electrospray ionization (esi) with mass spectrometry reported by yamashita and fenn in 1984, a number of different atmospheric pressure ionization (api) techniques have been developed. many api techniques require extensive sample preparation as well as costly consumables to o... | paper spray ionization is an atmospheric pressure ionization technique that utilizes an offline electro-osmotic flow to generate ions off a paper medium. this technique can be performed on a bruker solarix fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer by modifying the existing nanospray source. high-resol... | PMC3347743 |
pubmed-1259 | streptococcus agalactiae (s. agalactiae) is also known as group b streptococcus (gbs), and causes invasive disease in neonates and pregnant women. however, the incidence of invasive gbs disease among non-pregnant adults has recently increased, especially among elderly persons. nevertheless, invasive gbs disease is rare... | streptococcus agalactiae (s. agalactiae) is a major cause of invasive disease in neonates and pregnant women, but has also recently been observed among non-pregnant adults, especially elderly persons or persons with underlying chronic disease. s. agalactiae is also a rare cause of infective endocarditis, and most cases... | PMC5107641 |
pubmed-1260 | after their biosynthesis at the endoplasmic reticulum, secreted proteins are transported to the golgi complex, where they are post-translationally modified and sorted for secretion, plasma membrane delivery, or delivery to prelysosomes. the golgi contains multiple subcompartments, termed cis (early), medial (middle), a... | the golgi complex is a central processing station for proteins traversing the secretory pathway, yet we are still learning how this compartment is constructed and how cargo moves through it. recent experiments suggest a key role for ras-like rab gtpases and provide important new ideas for how the golgi may function. | PMC2897732 |
pubmed-1261 | major depressive disorder, especially in later life, has heterogeneous clinical characteristics and treatment responses. classification of depression according to age of onset may be a useful approach to understanding its intricate and complex properties. several studies of late-life depression have focused on age of o... | major depressive disorder, especially in later life, has heterogeneous clinical characteristics and treatment responses. symptomatically, psychomotor retardation, lack of energy, and apathy tends to be more common in people with late-onset depression (lod). despite recent advances in psychopharmacologic treatments, 20%... | PMC5290710 |
pubmed-1262 | while the recent strategies of lung-protective ventilation and proper fluid restriction therapy have reduced mortality in patients with acute lung injury (ali) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards), the mortality rate remains high. although many pharmacological therapies have been attempted to treat ali/ards, ... | umbilical cord blood (ucb)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) have been introduced as a possible therapy in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). this case history is reported of a 59-yr-old man who was treated with mscs in the course of ards and subsequent pulmonary fibrosis. he received... | PMC3945142 |
pubmed-1263 | today, pharmaceutical business is among greatest businesses of the world. by spending a lot in order to produce new drug, in fact, while pharmaceutical industry is a sensitive one, it is an advantageous industry as well (1). studies of drug status and recent anticipations indicate a progressive trend in world drug mark... | backgroundcomputable general equilibrium models are known as a powerful instrument in economic analyses and widely have been used in order to evaluate trade liberalization effects. the purpose of this study was to provide the impacts of trade openness on pharmaceutical industry using cge model. methods:using a computab... | PMC3640784 |
pubmed-1264 | allergic rhinitis (ar) is a recurrent or chronic allergen specific, ige-mediated hypersensitivity disorder affecting the nasal lining and characterized by nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal itchiness, and/or postnasal drip. limited studies on ar exist and epidemiological studies based on the allergic rhiniti... | allergic rhinitis (ar) is prevalent in nigeria, though little information exists on the allergen. we assessed the clinical features of ar patients in our environment based on the allergic rhinitis impact on asthma (aria) classification. only patients with positive skin prick test (spt) were recruited. seventy-four pati... | PMC4877477 |
pubmed-1265 | most cases were reported in patients with chronic liver disease and cancer, and cases of s. algae infection in end-stage renal disease (esrd) patients are few. the problems related to clinical practice are that little is known about the etiology of s. algae infection in esrd patients and that this bacterium is often co... | a 71-year-old man was admitted because of nausea and abdominal pain. he was receiving an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent for anemia and dysregulated iron metabolism due to stage g5 chronic kidney disease. he had a history of raw fish intake and was diagnosed with infectious enterocolitis, which worsened and led to sep... | PMC5410489 |
pubmed-1266 | educational evaluation (ee) is a formal process performed to evaluate the quality of effectiveness and/or value of a program, process, goal or curriculum.12 it deals with data collection and assessment of the progress of academic programs.34 by considering some principles related to educational measurements and data co... | background: educational evaluation is a process which deals with data collection and assessment of academic activities progress. in this research, educational evaluation of dentistry school of tehran university of medical sciences, which trains students in undergraduate and residency courses, was studied. methods:this ... | PMC3177397 |
pubmed-1267 | the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid (csf)-related complications (i.e., csf leak, pseudomeningocele, and meningitis) after intradural spinal tumor surgery (ist) remains high following resection of intradural extramedullary spinal tumors (iest) and intradural intramedullary spinal tumors (iist) (1-17). treating these co... | object: the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid (csf)-related complications after intradural spinal tumor (ist) surgery is high and reported in up to 18% of patients. however, no efficient way to prevent those complications has been reported so far. treating these complications may require prolonged bed rest, re-explorati... | PMC5292229 |
pubmed-1268 | pyomyositis affects the massive skeletal muscles and is most frequently caused by staphylococcus bacteria (1). necrotizing fasciitis is a localized spread of infection that follows events such as trauma or surgery (2), and which is commonly affected by group a streptococcus. rhabdomyolysis comprehensively affects the s... | a 64-year-old japanese man with multiple myeloma was admitted to our institute due to fever and hypotension. he had received multiple courses of chemotherapy just before his febrile episode. blood culturing detected morganella morganii. at the time of the diagnosis, his laboratory findings revealed massive rhabdomyolys... | PMC5348465 |
pubmed-1269 | only a minority of individuals living in the obesigenic environment currently encountered in developed nations are able to maintain a healthy body weight. for example, in the usa, evidence from the latest national health and nutrition examination survey (collected in 20072008) indicates that 68% of adults are overweigh... | the perinatal environment plays an important role in programming many aspects of physiology and behavior including metabolism, body weight set point, energy balance regulation and predisposition to mental health-related disorders such as anxiety, depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. maternal health ... | PMC3700139 |
pubmed-1270 | dermatophytosis, one of the most common infectious diseases in the world, can be caused by dermatophyte fungal species of the genera trichophyton, microsporum and epidermophyton. onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nails, which may be caused by many types of fungi, other dermatophytes or yeast species (1). treat... | background: the treatment of onychomycosis is a challenge and infections are typically more severe and difficult to treat in toenails than in fingernails. objectives:the current study aimed to investigate the fungicidal effect of ultraviolet radiation on the growth of dermatophytes isolated from nails. patients and met... | PMC4548401 |
pubmed-1271 | a 39 year old female who was seven weeks pregnant presented to a community hospital emergency department with a first episode of chest pain. she had a twenty pack per year smoking history and a significant family history of coronary artery disease (cad) with her father developing cad in his thirties. she described the ... | acute coronary syndrome (acs) in pregnancy has traditionally been considered to be a rare event, but the combination of normal physiological changes of pregnancy and more prevalent cardiovascular risk factors are increasing its incidence in this population. the present report describes a 39 year-old woman that is seven... | PMC2872582 |
pubmed-1272 | clavicle fractures occur frequently, with the reported rates ranging between 8% and 15% of all paediatric fractures [13]. the vast majority of these injuries can be treated nonoperatively with excellent results [4, 5]. reported indications for operative management include markedly displaced fractures with compromised s... | paediatric clavicle fractures have traditionally been treated nonoperatively. recent studies have recommended operative management for displaced midshaft fractures. we conducted a retrospective review of all clavicle fractures in children aged one to sixteen over a two-year period. we classified fractures and evaluated... | PMC3236468 |
pubmed-1273 | the objective of this study is to quantitatively estimate the effect of medicare supplementation on use of health services by medicare beneficiaries. however, the extent of supplementary health insurance coverage is only one of many factors influencing the use of health services by medicare beneficiaries. previous stud... | this paper investigates the extent to which private supplementary insurance and medicaid, which vitiate the effect of medicare cost-sharing, encourage elderly beneficiaries to seek additional medical care. a multivariate model of health services utilization is estimated with the tobit technique, using the 1976 health i... | PMC4191144 |
pubmed-1274 | parkinson s disease (pd) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 1 to 2% among people 65 years of age or older. clinically, pd patients show motor (e.g., tremor and rigidity) and nonmotor (e.g., dementia and depression) symptoms. it is believed that mot... | despite extensive research, an unmet need remains for protein biomarkers of parkinson s disease (pd) in peripheral body fluids, especially blood, which is easily accessible clinically. the discovery of such biomarkers is challenging, however, due to the enormous complexity and huge dynamic range of human blood pro... | PMC4224986 |
pubmed-1275 | langerhans ' cell histiocytosis (lch) is a proliferative disease characterized by monoclonal proliferation and the infiltration of organs with langerhans ' cells. several organ systems may be involved in lch including the lungs, bone, skin, pituitary gland, liver, lymph nodes, and thyroid. localized forms of lch in bon... | a 31-year-old man presented with a dry cough and exertional dyspnea. the chest x-ray showed multiple nodular opacities throughout the entire lung field. chest computed tomography (ct) revealed variable-sized nodules with a peribronchiolar or centrilobular distribution, some of which revealed thick-walled cavitary chang... | PMC2784986 |
pubmed-1276 | in high-income countries, growing numbers of men as well as women are choosing to postpone parenthood. on average, if sustained, this demographic shift may have manifold implications for the health of successive generations. we discuss here the evidence for a beneficial effect of increasing paternal age at conception (... | what are the implications for population health of the demographic trend toward increasing paternal age at conception (pac) in modern societies? we propose that the effects of older pac are likely to be broad and harmful in some domains of health but beneficial in others. harmful effects of older pac have received the ... | PMC3619950 |
pubmed-1277 | frequently, the introduced air is limited to the subcutaneous space and leads to local swelling and crepitus in the absence of any signs of inflammation such as erythema, edema, tenderness or lymphadenopathy [1, 2]. however, there is a potential risk that the air disperses along the facial planes to the periorbital and... | subcutaneous emphysema is a rare complication in oral surgery. in most cases, it resolves spontaneously. however, air might disperse into deeper facial spaces causing life-threatening complications such as compression of the tracheobronchial tree or the development of pneumomediastinum. moreover, microorganisms might s... | PMC4466419 |
pubmed-1278 | traumatic cervical artery dissection (tcad) represents a rare but under certain circumstances life-threatening injury. due to improvements in the diagnostic algorithms in the emergency room, blunt the most common injury mechanisms are combined movements of distraction and extension, distraction and flexion, and lateral... | study design case report and review of the literature. objectives case report of a traumatic dissection of all major brain-supplying arteries resulting from a horseback-riding accident. overview of the literature on diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations. methods case presentation. for the discussion, handpic... | PMC4111942 |
pubmed-1279 | the apoptotic cell death pathway, in its basic tenents, is conserved among metazoans. during development, resistance to apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer, whereas excessive programmed cell death is associated with degenerative diseases. apoptosis is controlled and amplified through a variety of mechanisms, many of whic... | antiapoptotic bcl-2 proteins on mitochondria inhibit prodeath proteins, such as bax, which are found primarily in the cytosol. in this issue, edlich et al., (2011) show that bax and bcl-xl interact on the mitochondrial surface and then retrotranslocate to the cytosol, effectively preventing bax-induced permeabilizatio... | PMC3072571 |
pubmed-1280 | oxygen-sensing mechanisms enable the cell to adapt to low oxygen environments and are also critical for normal development and apoptosis. disruptions of oxygen-sensing pathways can lead to the development of certain forms of cancer [115]. oxygen sensing is mediated partly via the egln hydroxylases (egln1/egln2/egln3) t... | introductionlessons from a rare diseasespecificity of function within the egln prolyl hydroxylasesfailure of egln3-mediated apoptosis in the genesis of phaeochromocytomaunderstanding the mechanistic basis of egln3 killingconnecting egln activity to the warburg conundrumfuture directionsoxygen-sensing mechanisms are oft... | PMC2847199 |
pubmed-1281 | descriptive epidemiologic statistics assist public health planning and provide valuable information about the burden of illness to policy makers, funding agencies, resource planners, healthcare insurers, and manufacturers. information on malignancies that is compatible with their clinical classifications is of particul... | the compilation of comprehensive, worldwide epidemiologic data can inform hypotheses on cancer etiology and guide future drug development. these statistics are reported by a multitude of sources using varying methods; thus, compiling a complete database of these statistics is a challenge. to this end, this paper examin... | PMC3549359 |
pubmed-1282 | sd, a 45-year-old caucasian male, was referred for evaluation for liver transplantation because of end-stage liver disease caused by hepatitis b. he had been well until six months prior to his initial visit, when he started losing weight and developed severe fatigue. during the six-month period, he had lost 25 kil... | monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (mgus) has been most commonly associated with diseases like multiple myeloma, waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, primary systemic amyloidosis, hiv, and other lymphoproliferative disorders. there has been an isolated report of mgus in patients coinfected with hiv and hepa... | PMC2809430 |
pubmed-1283 | igg4-related diseases are systemic syndromes characterized by elevated serum levels of igg4 and igg4-positive lymphoplasmacytic infiltrative lesions in the body. it was first observed that mikulicz's disease correlated with igg4-related disease and later determined that igg4-related disease can occur in any ocular ad... | orbital igg4-related disease, which can occur in adults of any age, is characterized by igg4-positive lymphoplasmacytic infiltrations in ocular adnexal tissues. the signs and symptoms include chronic noninflammatory lid swelling and proptosis. patients often have a history of allergic disease and elevated serum levels ... | PMC3388428 |
pubmed-1284 | the experimental models of myocardial infarction have largely contributed to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction. studies on large animal models revealed many mechanisms involved in myocardial injury and repair [1, 2]. in the last few years, transgenic mice and gene targeting technolo... | myocardial infarction is associated with inflammatory reaction leading to tissue remodeling. we compared tissue remodeling between cryoinfarction (cmi) and reperfused myocardial infarction (mi) in order to better understand the local environment where we apply cell therapies. models of closed-chest one-hour ischemia/re... | PMC2997608 |
pubmed-1285 | laryngeal cancers represent about 30% of head and neck cancers with a high incidence for the glottic location (from 25 to 85%) [1, 2]. there is currently no recommendation from the uicc (international union against cancer) for pre-therapeutic assessment (endoscopy, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging)... | background. the objective of this study is to assess the accuracy of pre- and posttherapeutic staging of endolaryngeal cancer involving anterior commissure. materials and methods. 127 patients were included in this retrospective study, and laryngectomy (partial or radical) was achieved in all of them. initial radiocli... | PMC3671717 |
pubmed-1286 | association of osteomalacia or rickets with neurofibromatosis has been documented only rarely. as a rule, osteomalacia in neurofibromatosis is characterized by later onset in adulthood, renal phosphate loss with hypophosphatemia, and multiple pseudofractures in the typical cases. the hypophosphatemic conditions that in... | osteomalacia in neurofibromatosis is a rare entity and distinct from more common dysplastic skeletal affections of this disease. as a rule, it is characterized by later onset in adulthood. there is renal phosphate loss with hypophosphatemia and multiple pseudofractures in the typical cases. the hypophosphatemic conditi... | PMC4329691 |
pubmed-1287 | chronic pain affects up to 20% of the population in developed nations.14 this represents a profound impact on individuals and their families alongside the sizeable burden on employers, health care systems, and society in general.3 when chronic pain occurs, it has the potential to become disease itself, and subsequently... | spinal cord stimulation (scs) applications and technologies are fast advancing. new scs technologies are being used increasingly in the clinical environment, but often there is a lag period between the clinical application and the publishing of high-quality evidence on safety and efficacy. recent developments will undo... | PMC4938148 |
pubmed-1288 | testicular germ cell tumors comprise the most common group of solid malignancies in male population of 15 to 35 years old. these tumors account for approximately 95% of all testes cancers. the incidence of testicular tumors varies in different countries and ethnic groups with the highest reported incidence in scandinav... | purposeto assess the prevalence of intratubular germ cell neoplasia (itgcn) in patients with concurrent testis tumor and its correlation with histologic features and serum tumor markers. materials and methodsfrom 2003 to 2015, 179 patients underwent radical orchiectomy due to testicular mass. tissue specimens were eval... | PMC4869572 |
pubmed-1289 | the nerves and their structures change and are subject to the law of neuroplasticity: they adapt to reflect the stimulus which is present (mechanical, biochemical, electrical, or metabolic).1 the peripheral nervous system is subjected to a daily mechanical tensile load, as when a joint moves, undergoing compression and... | the peripheral nerve is composed of several layers of fascia tissue, which can become a source of pain if the way they slide is impeded. it is only recently that fascial osteopathy research has been aimed at understanding what happens to the fascia following treatment, and as a result of previous studies, we are able t... | PMC4634830 |
pubmed-1290 | the combination of methods from the behavioral decision-making literature such as risky decision-making tasks derived from the classic work of kahneman and tversky (1979), and methods of neuroscience such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) and lesion studies has led to breakthroughs in both fields. example... | affective neuroscience has helped guide research and theory development in judgment and decision-making by revealing the role of emotional processes in choice behavior, especially when risk is involved. evidence is emerging that qualitatively and quantitatively different processes may be involved in risky decision-maki... | PMC3273874 |
pubmed-1291 | interstitial deletion of chromosome 3 is rare. to our knowledge, there are only 11 cases of 3p deletion reported in english literature. we report a girl with interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 3 (46, xx, del 3 (p13 p21)) with features of joubert's syndrome (js). js is a rare brain malformation charact... | we report a case of 4 weeks old girl with a de novo interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 3 (p13-p21) and clinical findings typical of proximal 3p deletion together with heart defects, choanal atresia, ear anomalies, central nervous system anomalies, renal anomalies and associated joubert's syndrome (js)... | PMC3761952 |
pubmed-1292 | allergic disease is an increasingly prevalent problem affecting up to one-third of the general population in industrialized countries. immunotherapy is a treatment modality that can modify the immunological response of the allergy sufferer so that the affected individual will stop reacting to involved allergens. immuno... | while it is generally accepted that subcutaneous injection immunotherapy (scit) and sublingual immunotherapy (slit) are both efficacious, there is not yet a significant amount of information regarding their comparative efficacy. in this paper, we performed a retrospective chart review and compared treatment results in ... | PMC3317104 |
pubmed-1293 | neisseria meningitidis is one of the most frequent causes of meningitis and septicemia worldwide [1, 2], being not only responsible for 1020% of specific meningococcal-related mortality but also the cause of (particularly pediatric) long-term morbidity as it leads to permanent neurological sequelae and disabilities ... | neisseria meningitidis is a gram-negative pathogen that actively invades its human host and leads to the development of life-threatening pathologies. one of the leading causes of death in the world, n. meningitidis can be responsible for nearly 1,000 new infections per 100,000 subjects during an epidemic period. the b... | PMC4553319 |
pubmed-1294 | hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is a leading cause of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma [1, 2]. hcv-related liver disease is the most common indication for orthotopic liver transplantation in the usa and northern europe and for living donor liver transplantation (ldlt) in japan [3, 4, 5]. unfortuna... | direct-acting antivirals (daas) are relatively safe and highly effective for the eradication of hepatitis c virus (hcv) in liver transplant recipients. in this case study, we present a female with a graft reinfected with hcv genotype 2 who was treated with a combination of sofosbuvir and ribavirin after living donor li... | PMC5043295 |
pubmed-1295 | lithium ion batteries are the power source of choice for most mobile electronic devices. these systems generally work using the insertion and removal of lithium ions into host materials, resulting in redox and structural changes during the electrochemical cycling. lifepo4 adopts the olivine structure type (( mg, fe... | the phase changes that occur during discharge of an electrode comprised of lifepo4, carbon, and ptfe binder have been studied in lithium half cells by using x-ray diffraction measurements in reflection geometry. differences in the state of charge between the front and the back of lifepo4 electrodes have been visua... | PMC3998516 |
pubmed-1296 | in september 2007, the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists (acog) in its committee's opinion recommended that labium minus operations can be performed to alter the size or shape (labioreduction) for the following medical indications: labial hypertrophy or asymmetrical labial growth secondary to congeni... | objectives. to test applicability of the new surgical concept for labioreduction of the labia minora. study design. the observational, prospective, case series study was designed. subjects. three consecutive subjects were included. methods. the application of new surgical intervention was tested. main outcome measures... | PMC3945180 |
pubmed-1297 | the sporting career of an athlete depends not only on how soon he can return back to his sporting activity but also on the level of return to sports, with the least long-term complications. rupture of anterior cruciate ligament (acl) results in a mechanically unstable joint, resulting in difficulty in athletic perform... | introduction. the purpose of this study was to analyze the functional outcome in competitive level athletes at 5 years after acl reconstruction with regard to return to sports and the factors or reasons in those who either stopped sports or showed a fall in their sporting levels. methods. 48 competitive athletes who h... | PMC4063161 |
pubmed-1298 | most inhibitors occur at an early age and usually within the first 50 exposure days. as such however, it should be acknowledged that there are no clear data that demonstrate an increased risk of inhibitor when switching fviii concentrate in patients prior to 50 exposure days. certain clinical scenarios have been associ... | patients with haemophilia a (and their physicians) may be reluctant to switch factor viii (fviii) concentrates, often due to concerns about increasing the risk of inhibitors; this reluctance to switch may contribute to patients missing the clinical benefits provided by the arrival of new factor viii products. this topi... | PMC4407931 |
pubmed-1299 | in view of growing awareness of the side-effects of some orthodox medicines, people are turning more towards alternative medicines with fewer and less-toxic side-effects, and homeopathy has become a major complementary and alternative medicine (cam) in many countries today. in homeopathy, microdoses of very high diluti... | objectives: in homeopathy, it is claimed that more homeopathically-diluted potencies render more protective/curative effects against any disease condition. potentized forms of condurango are used successfully to treat digestive problems, as well as esophageal and stomach cancers. however, the comparative efficacies of ... | PMC4331988 |
pubmed-1300 | gestational diabetes mellitus (gdm) is defined as abnormal glucose tolerance that is first identified or diagnosed during pregnancy. it is estimated that approximately 2% to 5% of all pregnancies in korean women are complicated by gdm. the clinical significance of gdm is that it increases the risk of adverse pregnancy ... | gestational diabetes mellitus (gdm) is a complex metabolic disorder of pregnancy that is suspected to have a strong genetic predisposition. it is associated with poor perinatal outcome, and both gdm women and their offspring are at increased risk of future development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 dm). during the pas... | PMC3543924 |
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