choices
dict | question_type
stringclasses 2
values | id
stringlengths 12
14
| answer
stringlengths 1
40
| youtube_url
stringlengths 42
92
| metadata
dict | video
stringlengths 75
102
| question
stringlengths 26
432
| video_path
stringlengths 16
43
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_300
|
Idler
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJgm7ZsfdHU
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idler-wheel",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_train",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanics"
],
"rationale": "The green gear in the described mechanism serves as an idler gear. It directly interacts with both the blue input gear and the red output gear, transmitting motion without altering the gear ratio. Its primary purpose is to link the input and output gears while potentially changing the direction of rotation.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Industrial Automation: An Engineering Approach"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/10.mp4
|
In the described gear mechanism, the green gear that directly interacts with both the blue input gear and the red output gear functions as a(n) **______** gear.
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/10.mp4
|
{
"A": "Huygen's principle",
"B": "Malus's law",
"C": "Doppler effect",
"D": "Rayleigh scattering",
"E": "Snell's law"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_301
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JjhiyXcPl8
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huygens%E2%80%93Fresnel_principle",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavefront",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayleigh_scattering",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_effect",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snell%27s_law"
],
"rationale": "The video shows how the wave surface changes, which means the video shows the Huygen's principle",
"subject": "Modern Physics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 3 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Modern_Physics/3.mp4
|
The video shows which law of light?
|
videos/Modern_Physics/3.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_302
|
electroplating
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbqQnOP6CkI
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroplating",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_material",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_matrix_composite"
],
"rationale": "In the video, a lightweight object was created by electroplating metal onto carbon fiber felt, forming a composite material that combines metal and carbon fiber. During the process, the carbon fiber felt was connected to electrodes and immersed in an ionic solution, indicating the use of the electroplating process.",
"subject": "Materials Science",
"textbook": "Fiber-Reinforced Composites Materials, Manufacturing, and Design, 3rd Edition (P.K. Mallick)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Materials_Science/5.mp4
|
As shown in the video, the chemical process of ______ was used to produce this composite material.
|
videos/Materials_Science/5.mp4
|
{
"A": "Troublesome production process",
"B": "Non-magnetic properties",
"C": "Heat resistance",
"D": "Weighs slightly less than a coin",
"E": "With wovens"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_303
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbqQnOP6CkI
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_material",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fire-retardant_materials",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_matrix_composite"
],
"rationale": "The manufacturing process of metal composites is usually considered relatively simple, while their materials possess excellent heat resistance and low weight. In addition, this material does not require a woven structure, and its weight only slightly increases compared to coins.",
"subject": "Materials Science",
"textbook": "Fiber-Reinforced Composites Materials, Manufacturing, and Design, 3rd Edition (P.K. Mallick)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Materials_Science/5.mp4
|
Which is the correct statement about self-created metal composites?
|
videos/Materials_Science/5.mp4
|
{
"A": "Electroforming deposits metal atoms into the carbon fiber lattice, creating a new alloy with enhanced magnetic properties.",
"B": "The process causes the carbon fibers to realign, significantly increasing the thermal insulation of the composite.",
"C": "Electroforming builds up a thick layer of metal over the carbon fiber, greatly increasing the object's weight and density.",
"D": "The electroformed metal forms a conductive coating over the lightweight carbon fiber structure, combining electrical conductivity while maintaining a low overall weight.",
"E": "Electroforming embeds metal particles within the carbon fiber matrix, enhancing the mechanical strength without altering electrical properties."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_304
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbqQnOP6CkI
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroforming",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_material",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-fiber_reinforced_polymer",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_matrix_composite"
],
"rationale": "Electroforming a metal onto a carbon fiber structure results in a conductive coating while maintaining the composite's lightweight nature. This process combines the electrical conductivity of metal with the reduced weight of carbon fiber, without significantly increasing mass. The accurate description is option D.",
"subject": "Materials Science",
"textbook": "Fiber-Reinforced Composites Materials, Manufacturing, and Design, 3rd Edition (P.K. Mallick)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Materials_Science/5.mp4
|
In the video, a lightweight composite object is created by electroforming metal onto a carbon fiber felt structure. Which of the following best explains how the electroforming process contributes to the unique properties of the final composite material?
|
videos/Materials_Science/5.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_305
|
cranial nerve III
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BfeJR38PRR8
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculomotor_nerve",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupillary_light_reflex",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_nerve"
],
"rationale": "Pupillary constriction when light is shined into the eyes demonstrates the integrity of cranial nerve II (optic nerve), which detects the light, and cranial nerve III (oculomotor nerve), which controls the constriction of the pupil. This response involves the pupillary light reflex arc.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/11.mp4
|
Based on the content shown in the video, the subject’s response indicates the integrity of cranial nerve II and ______.
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/11.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_306
|
center of mass
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VkHx1GXvmo
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrostatic_equilibrium",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicycle"
],
"rationale": "To maintain balance while riding a unicycle on a wet street and holding an umbrella, the girl must ensure the net torque is zero. She can achieve this by aligning the umbrella's force to act through her center of mass, preventing unwanted rotation caused by external forces and ensuring all forces maintain her equilibrium.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Industrial Automation: An Engineering Approach"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/11.mp4
|
The girl needs to align the forces so they pass through her **_____**.
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/11.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_307
|
Cirrhosis
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcluhvMzpUw
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirrhosis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_liver_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_liver_disease"
],
"rationale": "The video shows liver changes from reddish-brown to pale brown with yellow dots. Risk factors include a high-fat diet, alcohol consumption, and diabetes. These contribute to a chronic liver disease with regenerating nodules and fibrous septa. The condition is identified as cirrhosis, characterized by loss of normal lobular liver architecture.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/12.mp4
|
Based on the pathological changes depicted in the video, this condition is referred to as _______.
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/12.mp4
|
{
"A": "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease",
"B": "Viral hepatitis D",
"C": "Liver cirrhosis",
"D": "Alcoholic liver disease",
"E": "Drug-induced liver damage"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_308
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcluhvMzpUw
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_hepatitis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirrhosis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_liver_disease"
],
"rationale": "The video demonstrates the progression of the liver from a healthy state to the gradual appearance of uneven nodules, with its color turning grayish-white. This process corresponds to liver cirrhosis. While distractors such as viral hepatitis D and alcoholic liver disease can also cause cirrhosis, the video does not provide specific evidence of these underlying causes. Therefore, liver cirrhosis is the most reasonable answer.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/12.mp4
|
What process is shown in the video?
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/12.mp4
|
{
"A": "Wilson's disease",
"B": "Viral hepatitis B infection",
"C": "Alcoholic liver disease",
"D": "Hemochromatosis",
"E": "Steatohepatitis due to combined effects of alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_309
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcluhvMzpUw
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_syndrome",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_liver_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_hepatitis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditary_haemochromatosis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steatohepatitis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson%27s_disease"
],
"rationale": "Based on the liver changes shown in the video—where a healthy liver gradually turns light brown with yellow spots—and the accompanying images depicting a high-fat diet (burgers, fries, soft drinks), alcohol consumption (whiskey and beer bottles), and metabolic disorder indicators (thermometer and glucose meter), the most likely diagnosis is steatohepatitis caused by the combined effects of alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome. The liver changes—pale brown color with yellow dots—indicate fat accumulation. This condition considers all factors: high-fat diet, regular alcohol intake, and indicators of metabolic disturbances, such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, leading to hepatic steatosis and inflammation.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/12.mp4
|
Based on the liver changes demonstrated in the video, along with the accompanying images showing the underlying causes, which condition is most likely the diagnostic result?
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/12.mp4
|
{
"A": "6 times increased risk",
"B": "9 times increased risk",
"C": "4.5 times increased risk",
"D": "3 times increased risk",
"E": "2 times increased risk"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_310
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcluhvMzpUw
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_liver_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirrhosis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_liver_disease"
],
"rationale": "The video demonstrates the effects of alcohol, high-fat foods, and medications. The overall increased risk for developing liver disease is calculated by multiplying the individual risk multipliers for high-fat food (1.5 times) and alcohol consumption (2 times), assuming independence and multiplicative effects. The calculation is 1.5 Г— 2, resulting in a 3 times increased risk.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/12.mp4
|
If the consumption of high-fat foods increases the risk by 1.5 times, alcohol consumption increases the risk by 2 times, and diabetes increases the risk by 3 times, assuming these factors are independent and have a multiplicative relationship, what is the overall increased risk for liver disease development shown in the video?
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/12.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_311
|
eddy currents
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ooTyX_preT4&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=4
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damping",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s_law_of_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_current"
],
"rationale": "The slits in the plate reduce the formation of eddy currents by interrupting their flow paths. This decreases electromagnetic damping, as these currents generate opposing fields. Altering the conductor's structure minimizes eddy current magnitude without affecting the experimental balance, aligning with Faraday's and Lenz's laws regarding induced currents due to changing magnetic flux.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/20.mp4
|
In the experiment, the slits in one of the plates primarily serve to reduce the formation of ______________.
|
videos/Electromagnetism/20.mp4
|
{
"A": "The external electric field around the aluminum sheet is changed during the second movement, which hinders the movement of the aluminum sheet.",
"B": "In the second experiment, the wind resistance was large and the aluminum sheet experienced greater resistance.",
"C": "The first movement of the aluminum sheet is assisted by magnets and moves faster.",
"D": "In the second experiment, the friction above the rope connecting the aluminum sheets was large and the rotation speed was slow.",
"E": "The second time the experimenter placed a magnet, and the magnetic force hindered the movement of the aluminum piece."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_312
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ooTyX_preT4&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=4
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s_law_of_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenz%27s_law",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromotive_force",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field"
],
"rationale": "According to the video, during the two movements of the aluminum sheet, the experimenter only placed the magnet, so the second movement time of the aluminum sheet was reduced. The slowed down movement occurred because the aluminum sheet cut the magnetic field lines during the movement and generated an induced electromotive force, causing the magnetic force to hinder the movement of the aluminum sheet.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/20.mp4
|
Why is the second movement time of the complete aluminum piece in the middle shorter than the first movement time?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/20.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_313
|
naive T
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWhiOmtdXEU
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naive_T_cell",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendritic_cell",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen_presentation"
],
"rationale": "The analysis concludes that in the described video, the larger entity is a dendritic cell presenting an antigen. The translucent appendage indicates interaction with the smaller entity, identified as a naive T cell. This conclusion is based on the knowledge that only dendritic cells can activate naive T cells.",
"subject": "Basic Medicine",
"textbook": "Kuby Immunology, 8th Edition (Judith A. Owen, Jenni Punt, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Basic_Medicine/8.mp4
|
Based on the video description of two entities, the smaller entity in the video represents a ___ cell.
|
videos/Basic_Medicine/8.mp4
|
{
"A": "The mass of the last bead is less than the initial bead, and according to the law of conservation of momentum the speed of the last bead is faster.",
"B": "The potential energy of the bead in the magnet on the track decreases and is converted into kinetic energy to accelerate the bead.",
"C": "Electromagnetic induction generates a current that accelerates the beads along the track.",
"D": "Mechanical energy from a spring-loaded mechanism propels the beads forward.",
"E": "The electrical energy from the external power source is converted into kinetic energy to accelerate the beads."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_314
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zL0IuRI_2Aw&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=10
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_energy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_energy"
],
"rationale": "After the launch, the arrangement of the steel balls changes and they have lower potential energy than before the launch. This means that the potential energy between the steel balls and the magnets is reduced during the launch and converted into kinetic energy to move the steel balls.",
"subject": "Electrical Engineering",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/11.mp4
|
Which of the statements about the experiment in the video is true?
|
videos/Electrical_Engineering/11.mp4
|
{
"A": "Uniform linear motion",
"B": "Uniform circular motion",
"C": "Accelerated linear motion",
"D": "Horizontal projectile motion",
"E": "Parabolic Motion"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_315
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nAifrGXkE2k
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projectile_motion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_frame_of_reference",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion"
],
"rationale": "In the experiment, the ball lands back into the moving cart because both the ball and cart share the same constant horizontal velocity. The ball is ejected vertically relative to the cart and follows a parabolic trajectory. Therefore, the correct answer is E.",
"subject": "Mechanics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 1 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/13.mp4
|
Which of the following best explains the motion of the ball in the experiment?
|
videos/Mechanics/13.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_316
|
harmonics
|
https://youtu.be/YUa-sPPwZE8?si=641K2v5n2RL609qP
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equalization_(audio)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonics_(electrical_power)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_quality",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_grid",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_wave"
],
"rationale": "The electrical equalizer smooths out the uneven sine wave shown in the video by eliminating harmonics, which are higher frequency components causing distortions in the electrical grid. This process improves power quality and reduces energy consumption by addressing issues related to harmonics that negatively affect power factor and power quality.",
"subject": "Electrical Engineering",
"textbook": "Electrical Engineering: Principles and Applications, 7th Edition (Allan R. Hambley)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/12.mp4
|
Based on the technology demonstrated in the video, the machine improves power quality by eliminating ______ from the electrical grid.
|
videos/Electrical_Engineering/12.mp4
|
{
"A": "Subsurface exploration in rocks",
"B": "Geophysical surveys",
"C": "Sampling in soils",
"D": "Cone penetration testing",
"E": "Hydrogeological testing"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_317
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtT4F3zURNA
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_test",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_penetration_test",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotechnical_investigation"
],
"rationale": "The video shows disturbed samples being collected using the shell of a boring rig and placed into a container, indicating a sampling process. Other options are not demonstrated in the video.",
"subject": "Civil Engineering",
"textbook": "Engineering Geology and Construction (Fred G. Bell)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Civil_Engineering/6.mp4
|
Which part of site exploration is shown in the video?
|
videos/Civil_Engineering/6.mp4
|
{
"A": "Performing a Standard Penetration Test (SPT) to determine soil density",
"B": "Conducting a cone penetration test (CPT) to assess soil stratification",
"C": "Collecting soil samples to analyze texture and composition for soil classification",
"D": "Installing a piezometer to monitor groundwater levels",
"E": "Performing an infiltration test to evaluate soil permeability"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_318
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtT4F3zURNA
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotechnical_investigation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_test",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_penetration_test",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_texture",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_penetration_test",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_classification"
],
"rationale": "The man's activities involve using a spiral-shaped soil probe to collect soil into a bucket, suggesting soil sampling for analysis. The actions align with collecting soil samples to analyze texture and composition for soil classification, making Option C the best fit. Other options require different methods or equipment inconsistent with the described actions.",
"subject": "Civil Engineering",
"textbook": "Engineering Geology and Construction (Fred G. Bell)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Civil_Engineering/6.mp4
|
Based on the video description, which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the operation in the field?
|
videos/Civil_Engineering/6.mp4
|
{
"A": "First one",
"B": "Second one",
"C": "Third one",
"D": "Two of the three",
"E": "All"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_319
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKNczzutVI4
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastic_collision",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_energy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowling_ball"
],
"rationale": "In the video, the move motion of table tennis and bowling demonstrate elastic collision, thus the correct choice is D. two of the three examples are elastic collisions.",
"subject": "Mechanics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 1 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/14.mp4
|
Which move motion in the video shows elastic collision?
|
videos/Mechanics/14.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_320
|
open-loop
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ls-cGhEyYCQ
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_system",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_engineering",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedback",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-loop_controller",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automation"
],
"rationale": "The temperature controller in the video is an example of an open-loop control system. It measures and displays temperature readings without acting upon them to influence any output, matching the characteristics of an open-loop system which operates without feedback or comparing output to a desired input parameter.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Industrial Automation: An Engineering Approach"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/12.mp4
|
The control system type of the temperature controller is a(n) ________ control system.
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/12.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_321
|
radiant
|
https://youtu.be/V2LnHS_Nj5E?si=B3Vc_rnPnRosHzuc
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_heater",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant_heating_and_cooling",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction_cooking",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooktop",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_stove"
],
"rationale": "The cooktop in the video uses metal coils that heat due to electrical resistance, transferring heat through infrared energy to cookware. Unlike induction cooktops, which use electromagnetic induction to heat directly in compatible cookware, this method involves indirect heating. Thus, the described cooktop is identified as a radiant cooktop.",
"subject": "Electrical Engineering",
"textbook": "Electrical Engineering: Principles and Applications, 7th Edition (Allan R. Hambley)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/13.mp4
|
Based on the working principle demonstrated in the video, this type of cooktop is known as a ______ cooktop.
|
videos/Electrical_Engineering/13.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_322
|
electromagnetic waves
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnsyG-_YIZ0
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_telegraphy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi"
],
"rationale": "In a video, the construction and setup of the towers used by Guglielmo Marconi in his early wireless communication experiments are shown. Considering the historical context, Marconi’s experiment was centered on the long-distance transmission of electromagnetic waves. His goal was to verify whether electromagnetic waves could cross the ocean, proving the feasibility of wireless communication.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/8.mp4
|
The experimental equipment shown in the video is designed to verify the __________ long-distance propagation, which is an important physics experiment.
|
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/8.mp4
|
{
"A": "Radar signal detection",
"B": "Optical fiber communication",
"C": "Satellite communication",
"D": "Navigation positioning",
"E": "Traffic signal indication"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_323
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnsyG-_YIZ0
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_telecommunication",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal_processing",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication"
],
"rationale": "This video depicts the laying of the Atlantic Ocean submarine cable in the last century. It can be seen that this is the application of digital communication in fiber optics. Therefore, the correct option is B.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/8.mp4
|
In the video clips, in which field was digital communication used?
|
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/8.mp4
|
{
"A": "The installation of early radar systems during World War II",
"B": "Guglielmo Marconi's transatlantic wireless communication experiments in the early 1900s",
"C": "The laying of the first transatlantic telegraph cable in the 1850s",
"D": "The development of microwave relay towers for telephone communication in the 1940s",
"E": "The deployment of early satellite communication ground stations in the 1960s"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_324
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnsyG-_YIZ0
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio"
],
"rationale": "The photos probably show Guglielmo Marconi’s transatlantic wireless experiments from the early 1900s. The black-and-white look, tall antenna towers, and tents in open fields match the setup he used to send radio signals across the Atlantic. Therefore, the video fits right in with Marconi’s work.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/8.mp4
|
Based on the photos described, which significant historical development in the field of electronics and communication do these images most likely depict?
|
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/8.mp4
|
{
"A": "The invention of the vacuum tube (thermionic valve) to amplify radio signals",
"B": "The utilization of frequency modulation (FM) to reduce signal noise over long distances",
"C": "The development of quartz crystal oscillators for precise frequency control",
"D": "The use of long-wavelength radio waves that propagate via ground waves",
"E": "The application of regenerative receivers to enhance signal detection sensitivity"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_325
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnsyG-_YIZ0
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_wave",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longwave",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic_telegraph_cable"
],
"rationale": "The video showcases Guglielmo Marconi’s transatlantic wireless communication experiment. Marconi’s early 20th-century transatlantic wireless communication relied on longwave radio waves, which utilized ground wave propagation to traverse the Earth’s curvature. This principle allowed signals to travel extremely long distances without requiring a direct line of sight. Other options, such as vacuum tubes, frequency modulation (FM), and quartz oscillators, were later developments.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/8.mp4
|
Based on the footage shown in the video, which of the following technical principles is crucial to the success of this experiment?
|
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/8.mp4
|
{
"A": "Reprogrammable controller",
"B": "Precision actuators",
"C": "Visual recognition",
"D": "Autonomous navigation system",
"E": "Advanced sensor fusion"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_326
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9MCMAhz-Cy8
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuator",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_vision"
],
"rationale": "To replicate certain human actions using robots, a reprogrammable controller is required to control the robot's movements, precision actuators ensure smooth and stable actions, and visual recognition technology identifies objects in the scene. Advanced sensor fusion technology integrates data from multiple sensors to provide the robot with reliable environmental perception, enhancing its operational accuracy and safety.\r\nThe robots in the video have fixed bases and are not mobile robots, so an autonomous navigation system is not needed.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/13.mp4
|
Which of the following technology is NOT needed to realize the scene in the video?
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/13.mp4
|
{
"A": "Implementation of open-loop control systems for simplicity in design.",
"B": "Utilization of hydraulic actuators to provide high force output.",
"C": "Incorporation of hardened steel components to enhance structural durability.",
"D": "Design of a robotic arm with six degrees of freedom to achieve necessary kinematic flexibility.",
"E": "Application of lightweight composite materials to reduce mechanical inertia."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_327
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9MCMAhz-Cy8
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinematics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotic_arm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrees_of_freedom_(mechanics)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_engineering",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision_engineering"
],
"rationale": "The video shows various robot tasks, which require high-level precision and flexibility. The most critical design consideration for the Cheetah Arm's precise and dexterous manipulation is having a robotic arm with six degrees of freedom. This design enables necessary kinematic flexibility to effectively perform diverse tasks like slicing vegetables, flipping eggs, and pouring drinks, allowing precise positioning and orientation of the arm's movements in three-dimensional space.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/13.mp4
|
Which of the following mechanical engineering design considerations is most critical to enable the arm's motion to complete the task in the video?
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/13.mp4
|
{
"A": "Implementation of compliant control strategies, such as impedance or admittance control, to adjust to contact forces dynamically.",
"B": "Use of high-stiffness structural materials to eliminate any deformation during operation.",
"C": "Application of open-loop control systems to simplify control algorithms and reduce computational load.",
"D": "Incorporation of ultra-precise position sensors to achieve maximum positional accuracy without consideration of force feedback.",
"E": "Employing fixed pre-programmed motion paths for all tasks to ensure repeatability."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_328
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9MCMAhz-Cy8
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_Control_Plug-in_API",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admittance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impedance_control",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_technology",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot_control"
],
"rationale": "Option A, implementing compliant control strategies like impedance or admittance control, is critical for the Cheetah Arm. This allows the robotic arm to dynamically adjust interaction forces, enabling adaptable and safe manipulation across varying environments and tasks, such as precise egg cracking and gentle flower misting, which require real-time force modulation based on sensory feedback.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/13.mp4
|
Which of the following advanced mechanical engineering principles is most critical to enable the robotic arm to complete the tasks in the video?
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/13.mp4
|
{
"A": "Over-the-shoulder shot",
"B": "Bird's-eye view shot",
"C": "Close-up shot",
"D": "Telephoto shot",
"E": "Wide-angle shot"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_329
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P13m2gUCL5s
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird%27s-eye_view",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinematography",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinematic_techniques",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over-the-shoulder_shot",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-up"
],
"rationale": "Given these options, and as we can see in the video, the movie piece focused on expressing the character's inner thought, the choice that is typically used to reveal a character's inner thoughts or emotions would be C. Close-up shot, as it allows the viewer to see subtle facial expressions and reactions that communicate the character's internal state.",
"subject": "Art",
"textbook": "The Filmmaker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for the Digital Age, 5th Edition (Steven Ascher, Edward Pincus)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Art/2.mp4
|
Which of the following camera techniques is typically used in the video?
|
videos/Art/2.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_330
|
SB
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BO9KBZaCn28
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_morphological_classification",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_galaxy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barred_spiral_galaxy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irregular_galaxy"
],
"rationale": "The video shows two spiral galaxies: one without a bar and one with a bar-shaped center. The spiral galaxy without a bar is labeled with the letter \"S\". Meanwhile, the spiral galaxy with a bar-shaped center is labeled with the letters \"SB\". Therefore, spiral galaxies with a central bar structure are designated as \"SB\".",
"subject": "Astronomy",
"textbook": "Fundations of Astrophysics (Barbara Ryden, Bradley W. Peterson)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Astronomy/1.mp4
|
In the video, spiral galaxies with a central bar structure are designated with the letters __.
|
videos/Astronomy/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_331
|
six
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EjvdpkX9fD8
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotic_arm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrees_of_freedom_(mechanics)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler_angles",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulated_robot"
],
"rationale": "The robotic arm in the video has a total of six degrees of freedom, composed of six translational degrees (waist, shoulder, elbow, orientations around Roll, Pitch, and Yaw axes). This combination allows for comprehensive positioning and orientation of the arm's end effector.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Industrial Automation: An Engineering Approach"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/14.mp4
|
The total number of degrees of freedom for the robotic arm is **______**.
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/14.mp4
|
{
"A": "Radiation therapy",
"B": "Nano drug delivery",
"C": "Genome editing",
"D": "Cell clearance",
"E": "Cell engineering"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_332
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGFQIkEykxs
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeted_drug_delivery",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanomedicine",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoparticle_drug_delivery",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_therapy"
],
"rationale": "Nanoparticles (NPs) promote a typical transformation in nanoparticle-based drug delivery, which is usually a low-cost technology. Due to its high adjustable drug-loading capacity, better targeting, and release efficiency, there is significant application potential, particularly for non-invasive administration. By observing the video that encapsulates drugs in nanoparticles for drug delivery, it demonstrates the application of Nano drug delivery technology.",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Fundamentals and Advances in Medical Biotechnology (John A. Rudge, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/5.mp4
|
What biotechnology is shown in the video?
|
videos/Biomedical_Engineering/5.mp4
|
{
"A": "Gold nanoparticles as carriers for gene therapy, delivering genetic material into cells.",
"B": "Gold nanoparticles as contrast agents to enhance Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).",
"C": "Gold nanoparticles facilitating targeted chemotherapy by delivering drugs to tumor cells.",
"D": "Gold nanoparticles promoting tissue regeneration through angiogenesis.",
"E": "Gold nanoparticles used in photothermal ablation therapy to destroy tumor cells."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_333
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGFQIkEykxs
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_plasmon_resonance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoparticle",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photothermal_therapy"
],
"rationale": "Based on the properties of gold nanoparticles depicted in the video—being biocompatible, non-toxic to cells, and not eliciting an immune response—and considering that the gold nanoparticles (yellow spheres with blue arrows pointing inward) attach to a larger structure (purple shape) causing it to change color (turning darker purple), the video likely illustrates photothermal ablation therapy, where gold nanoparticles attach to target cells, such as tumors, and upon light irradiation, convert the energy to heat, destroying the cells. The color change of the target structure aligns with this process, supporting Option E as the most plausible biomedical application conveyed in the video.",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Fundamentals and Advances in Medical Biotechnology (John A. Rudge, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/5.mp4
|
Which biomedical application is most likely being illustrated in the video?
|
videos/Biomedical_Engineering/5.mp4
|
{
"A": "The particles are used in photothermal therapy to ablate cancer cells upon near-infrared irradiation.",
"B": "The particles are as carriers for targeted drug delivery in chemotherapy.",
"C": "The particles are serving as contrast agents in computed tomography (CT) imaging.",
"D": "The particles are facilitating wound healing by promoting angiogenesis.",
"E": "The particles are employed in colorimetric biosensors for detecting specific biomolecules."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_334
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGFQIkEykxs
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_sensor_array",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloidal_gold",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_plasmon_resonance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanomedicine"
],
"rationale": "Based on the video, where gold nanoparticles (yellow spheres with blue arrows pointing inward) attach to a larger structure (purple shape), causing it to change color (turning darker purple), and considering the properties of gold nanoparticles—biocompatibility, non-toxicity to cells, and not eliciting an immune response, the analysis concludes that the video illustrates gold nanoparticles used in colorimetric biosensors for detecting specific biomolecules. This is based on the observed color change due to surface plasmon resonance, which aligns with the optical properties of the nanoparticles, rather than applications like photothermal therapy or drug delivery that don't involve visible color changes.",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Fundamentals and Advances in Medical Biotechnology (John A. Rudge, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/5.mp4
|
Which of the following biomedical engineering applications is most likely being illustrated?
|
videos/Biomedical_Engineering/5.mp4
|
{
"A": "Viral infection causes damage to neuromuscular junction",
"B": "Mitochondrial dysfunction impairs muscle contraction",
"C": "Environmental pollutants directly damage nerve cells",
"D": "Autoimmune disease",
"E": "Chronic bacterial infection leading to progressive muscle degeneration"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_335
|
D
|
https://youtu.be/jwy41Q6A2rU?si=zinbHGICByKSpCYE
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromuscular_junction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myasthenia_gravis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcholine_receptor",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_disease"
],
"rationale": "The pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis is the autoimmune system producing antibodies that attack the acetylcholine receptors or related proteins at the neuromuscular junction, leading to impaired transmission of nerve signals and causing muscle weakness.",
"subject": "Dentistry",
"textbook": "Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry, 7th Edition (Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson, Angelo J. Mariotti)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Dentistry/2.mp4
|
Determine the pathogenesis of the disease based on the video content?
|
videos/Dentistry/2.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_336
|
PLA
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lcp44NCqQ3c
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoplastic",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylactic_acid",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphenylene_sulfide",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melt_electrospinning",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoplastic_polyurethane",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer"
],
"rationale": "As shown in the video, only when using PLA can a complete and clear pattern be formed. PLA is the most suitable polymer for melt electrospinning among TPU, PLA, and PPS. This is due to its low melting temperature and low melt viscosity, which facilitate the formation of fine fibers needed for the process. In contrast, TPU's high viscosity and PPS's high melting point and stiffness make them less ideal for melt electrospinning.",
"subject": "Materials Science",
"textbook": "Fiber-Reinforced Composites Materials, Manufacturing, and Design, 3rd Edition (P.K. Mallick)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Materials_Science/6.mp4
|
Based on the effects demonstrated in the video, the material most suitable for this process is _____.
|
videos/Materials_Science/6.mp4
|
{
"A": "The shooter's bullets deviate from the bull's eye, but the distance between each other is very close",
"B": "Most of the shooter's bullets do not hit the target.",
"C": "The shooter's bullets are concentrated in a corner of the bull's eye",
"D": "Most of the shooter's bullets are concentrated near the bull's eye",
"E": "The shooter's bullets all hit the bull's eye"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_337
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtf6hV2PX38
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_analysis_(mathematics)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurement_uncertainty"
],
"rationale": "As can see from the video of the target hit after the shot, the shooter's bullets are off center, but close to each other, which indicates a relatively large PRECISION and a relatively small ACCURACY. Therefore, option A is correct.",
"subject": "Mechanics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 1 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/15.mp4
|
Which of the following statements about videos is correct?
|
videos/Mechanics/15.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_338
|
brittle
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gXHqKpg__A
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properties_of_concrete",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressive_strength",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_tensile_strength"
],
"rationale": "In this compression test, as the load increases, the length of the specimen remains almost unchanged. When the load reaches the specimen's limit, it fractures suddenly, which is characteristic of brittle failure.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/15.mp4
|
The failure mode in the test is called _________ failure.
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/15.mp4
|
{
"A": "None of the above",
"B": "composite materials",
"C": "brittle materials",
"D": "plastic materials",
"E": "fibrous materials"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_339
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gXHqKpg__A
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Container_compression_test",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_materials_properties",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress%E2%80%93strain_curve",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittleness"
],
"rationale": "In this compression testing, as the load increases, the length of the workpiece remains almost unchanged. This aligns with the behavior of brittle materials in tensile testing, where the workpiece fractures directly when the load reaches its limit, rather than undergoing significant deformation (plastic materials).",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/15.mp4
|
Which of the following materials does this workpiece belong to?
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/15.mp4
|
{
"A": "Maximum Shear Stress Theory (Tresca Criterion)",
"B": "Von Mises Yield Criterion",
"C": "Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion",
"D": "Maximum Principal Strain Theory",
"E": "Griffith's Fracture Theory"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_340
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gXHqKpg__A
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_(physics)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture_mechanics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohr%E2%80%93Coulomb_theory",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%27s_modulus"
],
"rationale": "The Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion best explains the abrupt vertical cracking in the high-strength concrete cylinder under compressive load. This theory considers both normal and shear stresses, making it suitable for brittle materials like concrete, which can fail under compressive-induced tensile stresses, unlike other theories focused on ductile materials or tensile load conditions.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/15.mp4
|
Which of the following failure theories best explains the observed failure mode?
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/15.mp4
|
{
"A": "Shear failure due to diagonal shear stresses exceeding the shear strength.",
"B": "Compressive crushing failure due to compressive stress exceeding the compressive strength.",
"C": "Buckling failure caused by the slenderness of the cylinder under axial load.",
"D": "Failure due to stress concentrations at the contact surfaces with the loading plates.",
"E": "Failure initiated by microcracking at the aggregate-cement matrix interfaces leading to brittle fracture."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_341
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gXHqKpg__A
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressive_strength",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson%27s_ratio",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_slump_test",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_tensile_strength"
],
"rationale": "In this compression testing, as the load increases, the length of the workpiece remains almost unchanged until it suddenly undergoes brittle fracture. This is likely due to axial compressive stress exceeding the compressive strength, resulting in compressive failure.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/15.mp4
|
Which of the following phenomena is most likely contributed to the observed failure mode?
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/15.mp4
|
{
"A": "flood",
"B": "monsoon",
"C": "tornado",
"D": "tsunami",
"E": "hurricane"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_342
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyo4H0CNujo
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortex"
],
"rationale": "In the video, the experimenter rapidly spins a bottle, causing the water to rotate quickly and form a vortex. This simulates the formation of a tornado, where updrafts begin to rotate due to interaction with winds that have shear in both vertical and horizontal directions, creating a cyclone.",
"subject": "Geography",
"textbook": "Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation, 10th Edition (John M. Eger, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Geography/6.mp4
|
What kind of weather is the video simulating
|
videos/Geography/6.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_343
|
capacitor
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WC2sZ5iJ7gQ
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductor",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_storage",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulator_(electricity)"
],
"rationale": "The person creates a simple capacitor by layering aluminum foil (conductor) and paper (insulator), then rolling them together. This assembly forms two conductive plates separated by an insulating layer, characteristic of a capacitor. Testing the device with a multimeter likely measures capacitance, confirming it functions as a capacitor, a device storing energy in an electric field.",
"subject": "Electrical Engineering",
"textbook": "Electrical Engineering: Principles and Applications, 7th Edition (Allan R. Hambley)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/14.mp4
|
In the video, the experimenter constructed a simple electronic component using basic materials. This electronic component is a ____________.
|
videos/Electrical_Engineering/14.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_344
|
microspheres
|
https://youtu.be/kvQZA7EWwmk?si=DnF2DEL4zn0JlLzJ
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormonal_contraception",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progestogen_(medication)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrauterine_device"
],
"rationale": "The animation shows a catheter entering the uterus through the cervix, indicating that substances are being delivered directly into the uterine cavity. The released objects are small, round, and have a floral pattern, suggesting they are designed to disperse and possibly release a substance. In pharmacy, microspheres are used as a delivery system to release hormones gradually over time. Therefore, the objects are likely hormone-containing microspheres utilized for controlled intrauterine contraception.",
"subject": "Pharmacy",
"textbook": "The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 13th Edition (Laurence L. Brunton, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Pharmacy/0.mp4
|
In the animation, small, round objects are hormone-containing **_____** .
|
videos/Pharmacy/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_345
|
negative feedback
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S1kdYd4JGbg
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_feedback",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_hormones",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamic%E2%80%93pituitary%E2%80%93adrenal_axis"
],
"rationale": "The video illustrates high T4 levels causing reduced TSH secretion from the pituitary gland through negative feedback, a regulatory endocrine process where increased levels of a hormone inhibit further production to maintain balance.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/13.mp4
|
As shown in the video, this biological mechanism is referred to as a ______ mechanism.
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/13.mp4
|
{
"A": "First one",
"B": "Second one",
"C": "Third one",
"D": "None",
"E": "All"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_346
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQ41NF9vPiU
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%27s_laws_of_planetary_motion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areal_velocity"
],
"rationale": "The second move motion in video, shows Kepler's second law, which means the area velocities of planets are constants.",
"subject": "Mechanics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 1 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/16.mp4
|
Which move motion shows that the area velocities of planets are constants?
|
videos/Mechanics/16.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_347
|
Morris water maze
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMuOcTcci_o
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_memory",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_field_(animal_test)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_cell",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morris_water_navigation_task"
],
"rationale": "The video demonstrates the Morris water maze task, a test for spatial learning and memory in rodents. The setup features a large, round basin filled with water and a stationary and a moving object, indicating the presence of a rodent navigating the maze.",
"subject": "Neurobiology",
"textbook": "Neuroscience, 6th Edition (Dale Purves, George Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/13.mp4
|
The cognitive science experiment shown in the video is called the ______.
|
videos/Neurobiology/13.mp4
|
{
"A": "Coagulase Test",
"B": "Germ Tube Test",
"C": "Sugar Fermentation Test",
"D": "Kirby-Bauer Test",
"E": "Blood Smear Test"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_348
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JagkVjUI9J8&t=16s
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candida_albicans",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_tube"
],
"rationale": "In the experiment, the experimenter took a small sample from suspected yeast colonies grown on appropriate culture media and placed it in human serum culture medium, incubating at 37В°C (body temperature) for about 2-3 hours. After incubation, the culture was dropped onto a microscope slide for observation, and among the new options, only the Germ Tube Test (Option B) follows this experimental procedure.",
"subject": "Preventive Medicine",
"textbook": "Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 15th Edition (Robert B. Wallace, John M. Last, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Preventive_Medicine/5.mp4
|
Which of the following is most likely the experiment shown in the video?
|
videos/Preventive_Medicine/5.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_349
|
CD47
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pl1sb_S78LA
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD47",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cell",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosuppressive_drug",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_immunology",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_immunotherapy"
],
"rationale": "Cancer cells evade immune surveillance by expressing CD47, which acts like an “invisibility cloak.�CD47 sends a “don’t eat me�signal to immune cells, preventing them from recognizing and destroying these cancer cells. Therefore, in this context, the blue cell, representing the cancer cell, prevents immune recognition by expressing CD47.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/14.mp4
|
The video shows that the blue cells achieve the function demonstrated by expressing _____.
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/14.mp4
|
{
"A": "Oncogene activation",
"B": "Tumor suppressor gene mutation",
"C": "Tumour immunology",
"D": "Apoptosis evasion",
"E": "Invasion and metastasis"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_350
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pl1sb_S78LA
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncogene",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigenic_escape",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_suppressor_gene",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_checkpoint",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_immunology"
],
"rationale": "The video demonstrates that some cancer cells evade recognition and destruction by the immune system, escaping immune surveillance. The video does not address other processes involved in cancer development, so it is specifically related to option C: tumour immunology. The distractor, apoptosis evasion, can be misleading because it refers to the ability of cells to avoid programmed cell death, which can also involve immune system recognition. However, the video primarily focuses on immune evasion, where cancer cells are not recognized by the immune system, rather than the process of avoiding self-apoptosis.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/14.mp4
|
What process of cancer development occurs in the video
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/14.mp4
|
{
"A": "Downregulating MHC class I molecules to avoid cytotoxic T cell recognition",
"B": "Inducing T-cell anergy through lack of costimulatory signals",
"C": "Rapid proliferation due to oncogene activation overwhelming immune surveillance",
"D": "Upregulating PD-L1 expression to inhibit T-cell mediated cytotoxicity",
"E": "Overexpressing 'don't eat me' signals to inhibit phagocytosis by macrophages"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_351
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pl1sb_S78LA
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD47",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHC_class_I",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cell",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagocytosis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PD-L1",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_immunology",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophage"
],
"rationale": "The video describes how cancer cells use CD47 as an 'invisibility cloak' to evade the immune system. CD47, a transmembrane protein, interacts with macrophages to send a 'don't eat me' signal, inhibiting phagocytosis. Option F, which involves overexpressing 'don't eat me' signals, best explains this mechanism of immune evasion through CD47 in cancer cells.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/14.mp4
|
Based on the video description, which of the following mechanisms best explains how some cancer cells evade the immune system in the video?
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/14.mp4
|
{
"A": "First",
"B": "Second",
"C": "Third",
"D": "The first and the second",
"E": "All of the above"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_352
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9OGo8-VWqfw
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_orbit",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%27s_laws_of_planetary_motion"
],
"rationale": "Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion describe the laws of planetary motion around the Sun. The video presents the motion trajectory as an ellipse, which intuitively satisfies the First Law.",
"subject": "Astronomy",
"textbook": "Fundamentals of Geophysics, 2th Edition (William Lowrie)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Astronomy/2.mp4
|
Which of the following Kepler's laws best visualizes the motion in the video?
|
videos/Astronomy/2.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_353
|
Merge Sort
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjcSyD7p660
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_computing",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis_of_algorithms",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-place_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merge_sort"
],
"rationale": "The analysis reveals the use of a stable, in-place sorting algorithm likely based on merge sort, inferred from visible pairwise comparisons and merging patterns. The process involves gradual reordering without extra storage, aligning with merge sort's divide-and-conquer nature. This algorithm is possibly a variant like Wiki Sort, designed for space efficiency and well-suited for parallel execution on large datasets.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/16.mp4
|
The demonstrated new algorithm is an upgraded version of _________ algorithm.
|
videos/Computer_Science/16.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_354
|
Malaysia
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WAnfj8v5acM
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_organization",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_Contracts_for_the_International_Sale_of_Goods",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN"
],
"rationale": "The video showcases ASEAN countries, including Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia. Among these, only Malaysia is not a contracting state of the CISG.",
"subject": "Law",
"textbook": "The CISG: A new textbook for students and practitioners (Peter Huber, Alastair Mullis)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Law/4.mp4
|
Among the countries shown in the video, _____ is not a contracting state of the CISG (United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods).
|
videos/Law/4.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_355
|
network congestion
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWIPkxEnE3Q
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_protocol",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_congestion"
],
"rationale": "The first half of the video shows scenes of traffic congestion and accidents, followed by scenes of electronic devices connecting to each other. This suggests the common network issue of network congestion.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/9.mp4
|
Considering the visuals shown in the video, they suggest a common network issue related to _____.
|
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/9.mp4
|
{
"A": "Artificial Intelligence",
"B": "Internet",
"C": "Moore's law",
"D": "Traffic",
"E": "Wireless"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_356
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWIPkxEnE3Q
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_traffic",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_communication",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network"
],
"rationale": "The video shows animations of network connections in some scenarios and the security risks they pose. At the beginning of the video, it maps traffic congestion to situations like IT network congestion and server crashes, indicating that this is the application of digital communication in the field of the Internet.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/9.mp4
|
What field is this digital communication applied in?
|
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/9.mp4
|
{
"A": "Implementing User Datagram Protocol (UDP) to minimize overhead",
"B": "Utilizing Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) for efficient email delivery",
"C": "Employing Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) for connection-oriented communication",
"D": "Applying Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) for network diagnostics",
"E": "Implementing Quality of Service (QoS) protocols to manage network traffic"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_357
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWIPkxEnE3Q
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_service",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_congestion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite"
],
"rationale": "The video depicts traffic congestion and accidents, symbolizing network traffic challenges such as congestion and data collisions. Quality of Service (QoS) protocols effectively manage and prioritize network traffic. Unlike other mentioned protocols, QoS is crucial for ensuring the priority of critical data in the network, making it essential for an efficient, reliable, and secure data infrastructure. Therefore, E is the correct answer.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/9.mp4
|
Considering the network issues demonstrated in the video, which network technology or protocol is primarily designed to address this issue and ensure network stability and efficiency?
|
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/9.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_358
|
troubleshooting
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWIPkxEnE3Q
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troubleshooting",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-point_(telecommunications)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_correction_code"
],
"rationale": "The video shows technicians systematically inspecting multiple network devices (such as routers, cables, switches, laptops, tablets, and smartphones). This process aligns with the fundamental concept of troubleshooting, which involves a systematic approach to identifying and eliminating potential failure sources to ultimately diagnose and resolve network connectivity issues.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/10.mp4
|
The process shown in the video reflects a common __________ method, which plays an important role in network usage in both everyday life and office environments.
|
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/10.mp4
|
{
"A": "Efficiency",
"B": "Robustness",
"C": "Optimality",
"D": "Transparency",
"E": "Randomness"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_359
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWIPkxEnE3Q
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_communication",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Architecture_Board"
],
"rationale": "The video demonstrates the application of digital communication on the Internet, connecting multiple types of devices (router, cable, switch�. The Internet uses algorithms to achieve excellent performance across all parts, reflecting the optimality of the network. Thus C is right.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/10.mp4
|
Which characteristic of digital communication is shown in the video?
|
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/10.mp4
|
{
"A": "Implementing redundant networks to improve reliability.",
"B": "Replacing faulty physical components in the network infrastructure.",
"C": "Applying error correction algorithms to transmission data.",
"D": "Utilizing systematic troubleshooting methods to diagnose and fix issues.",
"E": "Encrypting data transmissions to enhance security."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_360
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWIPkxEnE3Q
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troubleshooting",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_support",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_engineering"
],
"rationale": "The video shows animations of network connections in some scenarios and the security risks they pose. Their interaction focuses on diagnosing issues step-by-step, aligning with option D: utilizing systematic troubleshooting methods to diagnose and fix network problems.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/10.mp4
|
Based on the events depicted in the video, which best describes the approach being highlighted for resolving network connectivity problems in the field of Electronics and Communication?
|
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/10.mp4
|
{
"A": "Integrating diagnostics and communication for efficient network problem resolution through collaboration.",
"B": "Automatically rerouting network traffic through backup systems to maintain connectivity without user intervention.",
"C": "Implementing advanced encryption protocols to secure data transmission and prevent connectivity breaches.",
"D": "Utilizing artificial intelligence to predict and fix network issues proactively without human assistance.",
"E": "Restricting network usage during peak hours to minimize the likelihood of connectivity loss."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_361
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWIPkxEnE3Q
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_engineering",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_support",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troubleshooting",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer_service"
],
"rationale": "The video shows animations of network connections in some scenarios and the security risks they pose. The optimal strategy for resolving network connectivity issues involves a collaborative approach that combines technical diagnostics and effective communication between support personnel and users. This method, emphasized by Option A, aligns with the video's depiction of human intervention through technical support and user assistance.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/10.mp4
|
Based on the video description, which of the following best exemplifies the comprehensive strategy for resolving network connectivity issues ?
|
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/10.mp4
|
{
"A": "Weather weapon",
"B": "Satellite weapon",
"C": "Chemical and biological weapons",
"D": "Nuclear weapon",
"E": "Cold weapon"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_362
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ycq7K7yc1Gw
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_warfare",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_warfare"
],
"rationale": "Chemical and biological weapons are the result of researchers with misguided and horrific intentions that require extensive logistics and a great deal of time to develop an effective toxin, to develop vectors capable of introducing harmful substances into cells, and to develop new ways of disrupting genes through a combination of human genome research. A biological weapon may be a weapon with a genetic target. This means that a pathogen can only be activated when a nation of people is infected. The process of spreading chemicals on the roads in the video and the final impact on the military suggests the use of chemical and biological weapons.",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Fundamentals and Advances in Medical Biotechnology (John A. Rudge, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/6.mp4
|
What weapon attack means is reflected in the video?
|
videos/Biomedical_Engineering/6.mp4
|
{
"A": "Infrared Spectroscopy",
"B": "Raman Spectroscopy",
"C": "Ultraviolet-Induced Fluorescence Detection",
"D": "Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging",
"E": "Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_363
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ycq7K7yc1Gw
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_warfare",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_agent",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_spectroscopy"
],
"rationale": "The video depicts the use of Ultraviolet-Induced Fluorescence Detection to identify biological or chemical contamination. This method, demonstrated by the visibility of white powder under UV light, is used for detecting substances that fluoresce when exposed to specific light conditions, unlike methods like Mass Spectrometry or Infrared Spectroscopy, which are unsuitable for the field scenario shown.",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Fundamentals and Advances in Medical Biotechnology (John A. Rudge, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/6.mp4
|
Which detection method is primarily being demonstrated for identifying contamination from biological or chemical agents on surfaces?
|
videos/Biomedical_Engineering/6.mp4
|
{
"A": "Variola virus (Smallpox)",
"B": "Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)",
"C": "Sarin nerve agent",
"D": "Ebola virus",
"E": "Clostridium botulinum"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_364
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ycq7K7yc1Gw
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioterrorism",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_anthracis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endospore",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet_photography",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decontamination"
],
"rationale": "Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax) is most likely being simulated due to its spore-forming ability, environmental persistence, and significance as a bioterrorism threat. The video shows UV fluorescence detection, surface sampling, and water spray decontamination, which align with typical protocols for anthrax, a spore-forming bacterium known for its durability and threat level.",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Fundamentals and Advances in Medical Biotechnology (John A. Rudge, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/6.mp4
|
Based on the activities depicted in the video, which of the following agents is most likely being prevented?
|
videos/Biomedical_Engineering/6.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_365
|
wind
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N1z9wuwxhTg
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_bridge",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacoma_Narrows_Bridge_(1940)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_load",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockbridge_damper"
],
"rationale": "The suspension bridge collapse observed in the video was primarily due to excessive wind-induced vibrations. This analysis draws from historical context, specifically paralleling the 1940 Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse, which was known for its failure caused by strong winds. Environmental loads like wind play a crucial role in such structural failures.",
"subject": "Civil Engineering",
"textbook": "Structure for Architects: A Case Study in Steel, Wood, and Reinforced Concrete Design (Ashwani Bedi, Ramsey Dabby)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Civil_Engineering/7.mp4
|
Considering environmental loads, the collapse of the bridge in the video was primarily caused by excessive **______**.
|
videos/Civil_Engineering/7.mp4
|
{
"A": "Thaumatrope",
"B": "Phenakistoscope",
"C": "Zoetrope",
"D": "Praxinoscope",
"E": "Flipbook"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_366
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KbjcfSXtO3c
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_toys",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistence_of_vision",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaumatrope"
],
"rationale": "The device demonstrated is a Thaumatrope, an optical toy with a bird and a birdcage on opposite sides of a card. Spinning it rapidly merges the images, creating the illusion of the bird inside the cage due to persistence of vision. Other options involve sequential images, unlike this simple, manually operated tool that combines two static images.",
"subject": "Art",
"textbook": "The Filmmaker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for the Digital Age, 5th Edition (Steven Ascher, Edward Pincus)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Art/3.mp4
|
Which of the following devices is being demonstrated in the video?
|
videos/Art/3.mp4
|
{
"A": "Étienne-Jules Marey",
"B": "Thomas Edison",
"C": "Joseph Plateau",
"D": "Eadweard Muybridge",
"E": "William George Horner"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_367
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KbjcfSXtO3c
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenakistiscope",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistence_of_vision",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Plateau"
],
"rationale": "Joseph Plateau, a Belgian physicist, invented the phenakistoscope in 1832. This device utilized the principle of persistence of vision, using rotating disks with sequential images to create the illusion of motion. Other notable inventors like Г‰tienne-Jules Marey, Thomas Edison, and Eadweard Muybridge were not involved in the creation of the phenakistoscope.",
"subject": "Art",
"textbook": "The Filmmaker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for the Digital Age, 5th Edition (Steven Ascher, Edward Pincus)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Art/3.mp4
|
Which of the following inventors built the device first, using the same mechanism shown in the video?
|
videos/Art/3.mp4
|
{
"A": "Hooke's Law",
"B": "Newton's First Law of Motion",
"C": "Newton's Second Law of Motion",
"D": "Work-Energy Theorem",
"E": "Law of Conservation of Energy"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_368
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hq3xUc3cLrM
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceleration",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equations_of_motion"
],
"rationale": "The cart in the video is subjected to a constant external force. According to Newton's second law of motion F=ma, its mass is inversely proportional to its acceleration.",
"subject": "Mechanics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 1 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/17.mp4
|
What is the principle mechansim does the experiment illustrate?
|
videos/Mechanics/17.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_369
|
salty
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B81WZHhiljQ
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_biology",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taste",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taste_receptor"
],
"rationale": "Type I taste cells, highlighted in yellow and brown in the video, are involved in detecting the salty taste modality. This taste can be either appetitive or aversive based on the concentration and the animal's physiological needs. These cells help regulate sodium ion levels, which is crucial for maintaining the animal's homeostasis.",
"subject": "Neurobiology",
"textbook": "Principles of Neurobiology (Liqun Luo)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/14.mp4
|
Cells highlighted in yellow and brown in the video are thought to play a role in detecting ________ taste patterns.
|
videos/Neurobiology/14.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_370
|
high
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEpaB1mlOI0
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_richness_theory",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_medium_is_the_message",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videotelephony"
],
"rationale": "Video calls, as depicted, are considered a communication medium of high richness according to Media Richness Theory. This is due to their capability for real-time interaction, multiple information cues, rapid feedback, and personal connection, which surpass other channels like emails or memos in information richness.",
"subject": "Management",
"textbook": "Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry, 7th Edition (Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson, Angelo J. Mariotti)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Management/5.mp4
|
According to Media Richness Theory within the major channels of management communication, the communication depicted in the video shows a communication medium with **______** richness.
|
videos/Management/5.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_371
|
orexin
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N548AzLBW2c
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcolepsy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orexin",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamus",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_disorder"
],
"rationale": "The video depicts a young woman's behavior indicative of narcolepsy, characterized by excessive sleepiness and sudden muscle weakness. Narcolepsy is linked to a deficiency in orexins, neuropeptides produced in the hypothalamus, which are crucial for promoting wakefulness. Her actions at a crosswalk and poker table align with these symptoms.",
"subject": "Neurobiology",
"textbook": "Neuroscience, 6th Edition (Dale Purves, George Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/15.mp4
|
Based on the symptoms demonstrated in the video, the woman may have a deficiency in the neuropeptide ______.
|
videos/Neurobiology/15.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_372
|
filter
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_OgHaRKPPs
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_of_safety",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retaining_wall",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotechnical_engineering",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_management"
],
"rationale": "Installing a filter on the downstream side of sheet-pile structures can increase the safety factor against heave during sediment-laden flood events. The filter reduces pore water pressure by allowing water flow while retaining soil particles, mitigating heave risk in submerged structures by preventing soil erosion and improving prediction accuracy of uplift pressures.",
"subject": "Civil Engineering",
"textbook": "Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, 9th Edition (Braja M. Das)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Civil_Engineering/8.mp4
|
In the case seen in the video, engineers could install a **______** on the downstream side to prevent it from getting worse.
|
videos/Civil_Engineering/8.mp4
|
{
"A": "Implanting metal-based prosthetic devices to replace failing organs.",
"B": "Utilizing gene editing techniques to modify organ cells' DNA.",
"C": "Applying external mechanical devices to support organ function.",
"D": "Cultivating functional organs by growing cells on biomaterial scaffolds.",
"E": "Transplanting artificial organs constructed from non-biological materials."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_373
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Q3S6q97FiU
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomaterial",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_engineering",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_engineering",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerative_medicine"
],
"rationale": "The video depicts cultivating functional organs by growing cells on biomaterial scaffolds, a tissue engineering strategy for organ regeneration. Visual elements show cells forming whole organs, indicating biological methods, without mechanical, genetic, or pharmaceutical interventions. This aligns with a process where cells develop organs, reflecting the scaffolding approach common in tissue engineering.",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Biomaterials and Biopolymers (Avi Domb, Boaz Mizrahi, Shady Farah)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/7.mp4
|
Based on the video, which biomedical engineering strategy is primarily depicted?
|
videos/Biomedical_Engineering/7.mp4
|
{
"A": "Transplanting animal organs into human patients (xenotransplantation).",
"B": "Using gene editing technologies to correct mutations in organ cells.",
"C": "Employing external mechanical devices to replicate organ functions.",
"D": "Artificial organs entirely from synthetic, non-biological materials.",
"E": "Growing organs by seeding stem cells onto biomaterial scaffolds to develop vascularized tissues."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_374
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Q3S6q97FiU
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomaterial",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_engineering",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem-cell_therapy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerative_medicine",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascularity"
],
"rationale": "The video's transformation of cells forming organs illustrates growing organs by seeding stem cells onto biomaterial scaffolds to develop vascularized tissues. This process, aligning with tissue engineering principles, contrasts with other options like xenotransplantation or artificial materials which don't involve cell-based tissue growth or regenerating functional organs as depicted in the video.",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Biomaterials and Biopolymers (Avi Domb, Boaz Mizrahi, Shady Farah)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/7.mp4
|
Based on the video, which of the following best describes the key process being illustrated?
|
videos/Biomedical_Engineering/7.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_375
|
settlement
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHKfIt0IudQ
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_mechanics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_compaction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotechnical_engineering"
],
"rationale": "By compacting the sand layer within the concrete structure, workers aim to reduce undesirable settlement of the structure. The process increases the unit weight of the sand, thereby minimizing the potential for settlement that can compromise structural stability.",
"subject": "Civil Engineering",
"textbook": "Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, 9th Edition (Braja M. Das)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Civil_Engineering/9.mp4
|
Through the engineering operations shown in the video, the workers are aiming to decrease the amount of ____ of the structure.
|
videos/Civil_Engineering/9.mp4
|
{
"A": "hash table",
"B": "binary search tree",
"C": "red black tree",
"D": "avl tree",
"E": "heap"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_376
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BldESGZKB8
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_function",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_structure",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_table",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_array"
],
"rationale": "Hash Function A hash function is any function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to fixed-size values, known as hash codes or simply hashes. The ideal hash function distributes the keys uniformly across the hash table to minimize collisions (where two different keys produce the same hash value). Buckets Buckets are the slots or bins in which the data is stored. Each bucket can contain a single item or a linked list of items that share the same hash code (in case of collisions). Collisions Collisions occur when two or more keys are mapped to the same bucket. Handling collisions is crucial to maintain the efficiency of the hash table. which is showed in the video, so it is hash table",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/17.mp4
|
what kind of data structure is used in the video?
|
videos/Computer_Science/17.mp4
|
{
"A": "A. It should be computationally infeasible to reconstruct the original input from the hash output (Pre-image resistance).",
"B": "B. It should produce a fixed-size output regardless of input size.",
"C": "D. It should be computationally efficient to compute the hash value.",
"D": "E. It should uniformly distribute hash outputs for the set of possible inputs.",
"E": "F. It should be able to handle variable-size inputs."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_377
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BldESGZKB8
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_table",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preimage_attack",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_structure",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_function"
],
"rationale": "Pre-image resistance is essential for cryptographic hash functions, ensuring it's computationally infeasible to reconstruct the original input from the hash output. This is not required for hash functions in data structures. Other properties like fixed-size output, determinism, efficiency, and uniform distribution are important for both but aren't unique to cryptographic hash functions.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/17.mp4
|
Based on the properties of hash functions illustrated in the video, which of the following characteristics is essential for cryptographic hash functions but is not necessarily required for hash functions used in data structures like hash tables?
|
videos/Computer_Science/17.mp4
|
{
"A": "It must be highly efficient to compute hash values quickly for large datasets.",
"B": "It must be pre-image resistant, making it computationally infeasible to reverse-engineer the original input from the hash value.",
"C": "It must guarantee that no two different inputs will ever produce the same hash value (collision-free).",
"D": "It must accept only fixed-size inputs to maintain consistency in hashing.",
"E": "It must utilize symmetric encryption algorithms to secure the hash values."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_378
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BldESGZKB8
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_table",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_security",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preimage_attack",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_function_security_summary"
],
"rationale": "The essential property for a cryptographic hash function ensuring security, as depicted by a padlock icon in the video, is pre-image resistance. This property makes it computationally infeasible to determine the original input from the hash value. Option B correctly identifies this, whereas other options discuss efficiency, collision-free guarantees, or unrelated aspects not emphasized in the video.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/17.mp4
|
Based on the concepts illustrated in the video, which of the following properties is essential for the cryptographic function shown in the video to ensure security?
|
videos/Computer_Science/17.mp4
|
{
"A": "600mm f8",
"B": "35mm f1.8",
"C": "35mm f8",
"D": "200mm f8",
"E": "300mm f8"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_379
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxXUcze1w-Q
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_field",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinematography",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide-angle_lens",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Grand_Budapest_Hotel"
],
"rationale": "As we can see from the video, this clip is taken from the movie 'The Grand Budapest Hotel', and the content of the clip focuses on close-ups of the characters. Therefore, we need a wide-angle lens with a large aperture to highlight the characteristics of the characters, and the lens that fits this description is 35mm f1.8.",
"subject": "Art",
"textbook": "The Filmmaker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for the Digital Age, 5th Edition (Steven Ascher, Edward Pincus)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Art/4.mp4
|
What kind of len is best fit for the movie showed in the video?
|
videos/Art/4.mp4
|
{
"A": "Use of handheld camera to create a documentary feel",
"B": "Employment of symmetrical composition and centered framing",
"C": "Application of slow-motion sequences to emphasize action",
"D": "Use of Dutch angles to convey psychological tension",
"E": "Incorporation of rapid montage editing to heighten urgency"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_380
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxXUcze1w-Q
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framing_(visual_arts)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinematography"
],
"rationale": "The scene likely utilizes symmetrical composition and centered framing to achieve its distinctive visual style. This approach involves balanced, storybook-like imagery, enhancing the whimsical atmosphere described. It aligns with the detailed and organized visual elements noted in the scene, contrasting with techniques that suggest tension, realism, or urgency. Thus, Option B is the most fitting choice.",
"subject": "Art",
"textbook": "The Filmmaker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for the Digital Age, 5th Edition (Steven Ascher, Edward Pincus)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Art/4.mp4
|
Which cinematographic technique is most likely being employed in the scene to create a distinctive visual style?
|
videos/Art/4.mp4
|
{
"A": "Minimalism",
"B": "Art Deco",
"C": "Baroque",
"D": "Pop Art",
"E": "Impressionism"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_381
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxXUcze1w-Q
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Grand_Budapest_Hotel",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco"
],
"rationale": "The scene's set design, characterized by vibrant colors, geometric patterns, symmetry, and a luxurious ambiance, aligns best with the Art Deco movement. This movement is known for its use of rich colors, bold geometric shapes, and lavish ornamentation, which matches the described elements more accurately than the other art movements.",
"subject": "Art",
"textbook": "The Filmmaker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for the Digital Age, 5th Edition (Steven Ascher, Edward Pincus)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Art/4.mp4
|
Which art movement is most reflected in the set design and visual style of the scene?
|
videos/Art/4.mp4
|
{
"A": "energy from wind turbines",
"B": "energy from geothermal sources",
"C": "energy from biomass",
"D": "energy from ocean waves",
"E": "energy from tidal movements"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_382
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YHpkDaIq8M
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_energy_resources",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_power",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics"
],
"rationale": "In the video, the device collects the up-and-down motion of the water surface to drive the piston, thereby utilizing the energy from the waves.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/16.mp4
|
What type of energy is being collected by the machine in the video?
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/16.mp4
|
{
"A": "The average density of the device is greater than seawater, so it will sink.",
"B": "The average density of the device is equal to seawater, so it will be neutrally buoyant.",
"C": "The average density of the device is less than seawater, so it will float.",
"D": "The device needs additional buoyancy to prevent sinking.",
"E": "The device's buoyancy depends on wave conditions."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_383
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YHpkDaIq8M
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes%27_principle",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_power",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawater",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoyancy"
],
"rationale": "We can see that the device floats on the water. It means that the device's average density is lower than seawater. Therefore, the correct statement is 'The average density of the device is less than seawater, so it will float.'",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/16.mp4
|
Which of the following statements is correct?
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/16.mp4
|
{
"A": "The salinity of the seawater where the device is installed.",
"B": "The material density of the cylinders composing the device.",
"C": "The surface area of the cylinders in contact with water.",
"D": "The depth of the water where the device is moored.",
"E": "The wave height (amplitude) at the deployment location."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_384
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YHpkDaIq8M
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_power",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy"
],
"rationale": "The most significant factor influencing the maximum theoretical power output of the wave energy converter is wave height (amplitude). This is because energy capture in wave energy converters is primarily proportional to the square of the wave height, making it the primary determinant compared to other factors such as salinity, material density, surface area, or water depth.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/16.mp4
|
Which factor most significantly influences the maximum theoretical power output of the device?
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/16.mp4
|
{
"A": "Bacillus anthracis",
"B": "Clostridium tetani",
"C": "Clostridium perfringens",
"D": "Clostridium difficile",
"E": "Clostridium septicum"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_385
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6bLlFUO3XA
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_tetani",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanolysin",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanus",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preventive_healthcare"
],
"rationale": "From watching the video, it can be seen that this patient has Tetanus, and the pathogen of Tetanus is Clostridium tetani, corresponding to option B.",
"subject": "Preventive Medicine",
"textbook": "Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 15th Edition (Robert B. Wallace, John M. Last, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Preventive_Medicine/6.mp4
|
Which of the following is the pathogen of this disease?
|
videos/Preventive_Medicine/6.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_386
|
thickness
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i07v7AzDVTc
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridescence",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_interference",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_interference"
],
"rationale": "The iridescent colors seen as oil spreads on water are due to variations in the oil film's thickness. These variations lead to constructive and destructive interference of light waves, causing color changes according to the equation 2t = NО», where t is the film thickness, О» is the wavelength, and N is an integer.",
"subject": "Modern Physics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 3 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Modern_Physics/4.mp4
|
The optical phenomenon observed by the oil in the video is caused by changes in the film's __________.
|
videos/Modern_Physics/4.mp4
|
{
"A": "tornado",
"B": "tsunami",
"C": "hurricane",
"D": "wildfire",
"E": "flood"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_387
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOcq0S4qNB0
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_cyclone",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami"
],
"rationale": "The video shows intense ocean waves originating from Indonesia and propagating to Africa and South America, indicating that the video depicts a tsunami. Tsunamis are typically caused by sudden displacements of the seafloor. These displacements can result from various events, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, underwater landslides, or even meteorite impacts.",
"subject": "Geography",
"textbook": "Fundamentals of Geophysics, 2th Edition (William Lowrie)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Geography/7.mp4
|
What kind of phenomenon is showed in the video?
|
videos/Geography/7.mp4
|
{
"A": "A volcanic eruption resulting from the African Plate diverging from the South American Plate along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.",
"B": "A deep-sea earthquake caused by the Pacific Plate subducting beneath the North American Plate along the Aleutian Trench.",
"C": "A megathrust earthquake due to the Indo-Australian Plate subducting beneath the Eurasian Plate along the Sunda Trench.",
"D": "A collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate forming the Himalayan Mountains.",
"E": "An oceanic earthquake caused by the Antarctic Plate moving northward colliding with the South American Plate."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_388
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOcq0S4qNB0
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunda_Trench",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Australian_plate",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megathrust_earthquake"
],
"rationale": "The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was triggered by a megathrust earthquake along the Sunda Trench, where the Indo-Australian Plate subducts beneath the Eurasian Plate near Indonesia. Option C correctly identifies this geological event and the tectonic plates involved, while other options describe unrelated tectonic activities or locations.",
"subject": "Geography",
"textbook": "Fundamentals of Geophysics, 2th Edition (William Lowrie)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Geography/7.mp4
|
Based on the video description, which of the following best explains the geological event depicted and correctly identifies the tectonic plates involved?
|
videos/Geography/7.mp4
|
{
"A": "Coastal regions of Mozambique",
"B": "The Andaman and Nicobar Islands",
"C": "The eastern coast of Madagascar",
"D": "The western coast of Australia",
"E": "The eastern coast of Sri Lanka"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_389
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOcq0S4qNB0
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami"
],
"rationale": "The video shows intense ocean waves originating from Indonesia, with the epicenter located 160 kilometers west of Aceh Province on Sumatra Island. Consequently, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands were the first to be hit by the tsunami.",
"subject": "Geography",
"textbook": "Fundamentals of Geophysics, 2th Edition (William Lowrie)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Geography/7.mp4
|
Based on the video description, which of the following locations would have first experienced the tsunami waves after they emerged?
|
videos/Geography/7.mp4
|
{
"A": "The aluminum sheet generates induced electromotive force in the changing magnetic field, it moves downward due to magnetic force and continues to fall back due to gravity.",
"B": "The aluminum sheet generates induced electromotive force in the changing magnetic field, it moves upward due to magnetic force and falls back due to gravity.",
"C": "The aluminum sheet is connected to an external power source to generate current, and is subject to magnetic force in the magnetic field to produce movement.",
"D": "There is a magnetic field inside the aluminum sheet, which is repulsed by other magnetic fields and moves upward.",
"E": "There is a magnetic field inside the aluminum sheet, which is attracted by other magnetic fields and moves upward."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_390
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2saaNFbJMo&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=5
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s_law_of_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenz%27s_law",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromotive_force",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_magnetic_field"
],
"rationale": "The LED bulb test shows that the induction cooker device can produce a changing magnetic field, so the aluminum sheet will generate an induced current in it and receive an upward force. After moving upward for a certain distance, the magnetic field will weaken and the aluminum sheet will fall back due to gravity, so the aluminum sheet will move up and down.",
"subject": "Electrical Engineering",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/15.mp4
|
Which of the following statements explains the motion of the aluminum sheet in the video?
|
videos/Electrical_Engineering/15.mp4
|
{
"A": "Copper ring - Because copper's high electrical conductivity generates excessive eddy currents that destabilize levitation.",
"B": "Iron ring - Because the iron becomes magnetized and is attracted to the coil, preventing levitation.",
"C": "Silver ring - Because silver's thermal properties interfere with the induced magnetic fields needed for levitation.",
"D": "Stainless steel ring - Because stainless steel's poor electrical conductivity reduces induced eddy currents, insufficient to produce levitation.",
"E": "Aluminum ring cooled to low temperatures - Because decreased resistance enhances eddy currents excessively, counteracting levitation."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_391
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2saaNFbJMo&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=5
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainless_steel",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_current",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromotive_force",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_levitation"
],
"rationale": "Stainless steel is the least likely to levitate because its poor electrical conductivity produces weak eddy currents insufficient for creating the necessary opposing magnetic field for levitation. While iron is attracted to the coil and will not levitate, stainless steel's inability to generate strong induced currents makes it non- suitable for levitation among the given materials. The tube in the middle is made of paper, which produces no magnetic field.",
"subject": "Electrical Engineering",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/15.mp4
|
Given the following materials for the ring replacements, which of the following statements is true?
|
videos/Electrical_Engineering/15.mp4
|
{
"A": "Inflammasome activation increases pro-inflammatory cytokines, worsening periodontal inflammation.",
"B": "Hyperglycemia enhances oral bacterial proliferation, directly causing periodontal tissue destruction.",
"C": "Insulin resistance reduces collagen synthesis, weakening periodontal support structures.",
"D": "Oxidative stress from free radical accumulation in beta cells results in gingival tissue damage.",
"E": "Sentinel proteins suppress immune cell function, leading to increased periodontal infections."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_392
|
A
|
https://youtu.be/iyUoQ70ZmuQ?si=h-0bwoIVBguKrg_m
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammatory_cytokine",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammasome",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabetes"
],
"rationale": "The analysis connects inflammasome activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in type 2 diabetes to increased susceptibility to periodontitis. Chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance enhance systemic inflammation, worsening periodontal inflammation. Hence, option A, focusing on inflammasome-triggered cytokine elevation, is the correct explanation for the heightened risk of periodontitis in diabetic patients.",
"subject": "Dentistry",
"textbook": "Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry, 7th Edition (Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson, Angelo J. Mariotti)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Dentistry/3.mp4
|
Which of the following best explains the increased susceptibility to periodontitis in patients with the disease shown in the video?
|
videos/Dentistry/3.mp4
|
{
"A": "Prescribing systemic antibiotics to eliminate periodontal pathogens.",
"B": "Utilizing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce prostaglandin-mediated inflammation.",
"C": "Administering antioxidants to neutralize free radicals in periodontal tissues.",
"D": "Enhancing insulin sensitivity using thiazolidinediones to improve glycemic control.",
"E": "Inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation to decrease production of pro-inflammatory cytokines."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_393
|
E
|
https://youtu.be/iyUoQ70ZmuQ?si=h-0bwoIVBguKrg_m
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammatory_cytokine",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_stress",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammasome"
],
"rationale": "The disease demonstrated in the video is diabetes, and the most common oral problem it causes is periodontitis. Option E, which targets the NLRP3 inflammasome, is the most effective therapeutic approach to address increased periodontal inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. It directly interferes with the inflammasome pathway, thereby reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and mitigating the inflammatory processes linked to both diabetes and periodontitis.",
"subject": "Dentistry",
"textbook": "Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry, 7th Edition (Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson, Angelo J. Mariotti)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Dentistry/3.mp4
|
Based on the disease described in the video and its most common oral manifestation, which of the following treatment methods is the most effective?
|
videos/Dentistry/3.mp4
|
{
"A": "Insulin",
"B": "Simvastatin",
"C": "Atenolol",
"D": "Penicillin",
"E": "Metformin"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_394
|
E
|
https://youtu.be/iyUoQ70ZmuQ?si=h-0bwoIVBguKrg_m
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_1_diabetes",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metformin",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabetes"
],
"rationale": "Metformin is a drug commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, and it helps lower blood sugar levels. Insulin is the main drug for treating type 1 diabetes because patients with type 1 diabetes cannot produce enough insulin in their bodies. However, it has limited efficacy in treating type 2 diabetes, which is typically first treated with oral medications such as metformin. Penicillin is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections and is not suitable for diabetes. Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor used to treat high blood pressure and heart disease, and is not specifically used for diabetes.",
"subject": "Pharmacy",
"textbook": "Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry, 7th Edition (Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson, Angelo J. Mariotti)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Dentistry/3.mp4
|
Which of the following drugs can treat the disease shown in the video?
|
videos/Dentistry/3.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_395
|
max heap
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOE7_tZaOds
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_heap",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm"
],
"rationale": "The data structure referred to in the analysis is a 'max heap', used within the 'Heap Sort' algorithm to organize elements. The analysis identifies that although 'Odd Even Sort' doesn't use a specialized data structure, 'Heap Sort' uses a max heap to repeatedly extract the maximum element from the input data.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/18.mp4
|
This data structure is called a **______________**.
|
videos/Computer_Science/18.mp4
|
{
"A": "insertion sort",
"B": "Heap sort",
"C": "selection sort",
"D": "Merge sort",
"E": "Bubble sort"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_396
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOE7_tZaOds
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_sort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_structure",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm"
],
"rationale": "As showed in the video. The sorting procedure follows this three steps: Build Max Heap: Convert the input array into a max heap. Extract Maximum Element: Remove the root element (the maximum element in a max heap) and place it at the end of the array. Restore Heap Property: Reduce the size of the heap by one and restore the heap property by applying the heapify operation on the reduced heap. Repeat: Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the heap size is reduced to one.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/18.mp4
|
What is the sorting algorithm used in the video?
|
videos/Computer_Science/18.mp4
|
{
"A": "Insertion Sort",
"B": "Radix sort",
"C": "Merge Sort",
"D": "Quick Sort",
"E": "Counting Sort"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_397
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOE7_tZaOds
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_sort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_complexity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_sort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odd%E2%80%93even_sort"
],
"rationale": "The video shows the process of Heap Sort, which divides its input into a sorted and an unsorted region, and it iteratively shrinks the unsorted region by extracting the largest element from it and inserting it into the sorted region. The worst-case time complexity of Heap Sort is O(n logn). In the all options, only Merge Sort has the same worst-case time complexity of O(n logn). Therefore, the answer is Merge Sort.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/18.mp4
|
Which of the following sorting algorithms has the same worst-case time complexity as the algorithm shown in the video?
|
videos/Computer_Science/18.mp4
|
{
"A": "Halothane",
"B": "Bupivacaine",
"C": "Nitrous Oxide",
"D": "Propofol",
"E": "Lidocaine"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_398
|
D
|
https://youtu.be/8AOB2PtHfVM?si=euWzeT11MptX7SE5
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halothane",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracheal_intubation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propofol",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesia",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupivacaine",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrous_oxide",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_anaesthesia"
],
"rationale": "Lidocaine and Bupivacaine are local anesthetics, Halothane is an inhalational general anesthetic usually used to maintain general anesthesia but not for intubation, and Propofol can be used for intubation.",
"subject": "Pharmacy",
"textbook": "Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry, 7th Edition (Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson, Angelo J. Mariotti)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Pharmacy/11.mp4
|
Based on the content shown in the video, it is speculated what drugs the doctor injected into the patient before the experiment.
|
videos/Pharmacy/11.mp4
|
{
"A": "Noise",
"B": "Bloom effect",
"C": "Aliasing",
"D": "Banding",
"E": "jello effect"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_399
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Spif5VGjMlU
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_shutter",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shutter_(photography)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converter"
],
"rationale": "The video shows a “jelly effect�occurring as the camera moves, where originally vertical objects appear tilted, distorted, and repeatedly shaking in the footage. The “jelly effect�happens when the camera’s rolling shutter captures images line by line instead of capturing the entire frame at once. When the camera moves or there are moving objects in the scene, this sequential image capture causes distortion, making vertical lines appear bent or wobbly, resembling the way jelly vibrates.",
"subject": "Art",
"textbook": "The Filmmaker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for the Digital Age, 5th Edition (Steven Ascher, Edward Pincus)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Art/5.mp4
|
what kind of effect is showed in the video?
|
videos/Art/5.mp4
|
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