choices
dict | question_type
stringclasses 2
values | id
stringlengths 12
14
| answer
stringlengths 1
40
| youtube_url
stringlengths 42
92
| metadata
dict | video
stringlengths 75
102
| question
stringlengths 26
432
| video_path
stringlengths 16
43
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_500
|
negative
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFhHs8F4OfI&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=24
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_electricity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triboelectric_effect",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatics"
],
"rationale": "By rubbing the plastic rod with a cloth in the video, the rod mainly carries negative charge.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/23.mp4
|
The rod in the video mainly carries ______ charge.
|
videos/Electromagnetism/23.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_501
|
cartel
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssssR1hxiTw
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartel",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_petroleum_industry",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collusion"
],
"rationale": "In the 1920s, faced with an oversupply of oil and a resulting price war, oil companies likely formed a cartel. A cartel is a group of firms that collude to control production and maintain prices at a monopoly level. This strategy would have helped the companies stabilize prices and reduce competitive pressures by managing production levels collectively.",
"subject": "Economics",
"textbook": "Principles of Economics, 3rd Edition (David Sharpiro, Daniel Macdonald, Steven A. Greenlaw)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Economics/6.mp4
|
Based on the events shown in the video, to address potential issues, these companies formed a ______.
|
videos/Economics/6.mp4
|
{
"A": "Patients with type II have increased blood insulin in the early stage",
"B": "Patients with type II have normal to moderate decreased insulin in the late stage",
"C": "Patients with type I have normal weight",
"D": "Patients with type I often develop the disease in childhood",
"E": "Patients with type I have higher concordance in twins"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_502
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRaSsOuH2oU
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_1_diabetes",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobar_pneumonia",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_insulin_therapy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabetes"
],
"rationale": "The video shows the different treatment methods for Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes, indicating that the background of the topic is diabetes. The statements of option A, B, C, D are all correct regarding diabetes; E is incorrect, and the consistency among twins with Type 2 Diabetes is high.",
"subject": "Basic Medicine",
"textbook": "Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition (Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Nelson D. Fausto)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Basic_Medicine/13.mp4
|
What is WRONG about the shown disease?
|
videos/Basic_Medicine/13.mp4
|
{
"A": "aortic area",
"B": "pulmonary area",
"C": "left sternal border",
"D": "mitral area",
"E": "tricuspid area"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_503
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5KoROC9zXg
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_valve",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_examination",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_sounds",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitral_valve",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aorta",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricuspid_valve"
],
"rationale": "From this segment, it can be seen that the stethoscope is placed in the second intercostal space on the left border of the sternum, the third intercostal space on the left border of the sternum, the fourth and fifth intercostal spaces on the left border of the sternum, and slightly medial to the midclavicular line of the fifth intercostal space. The aortic area is located in the second intercostal space on the right border of the sternum, which does not appear in the video.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/15.mp4
|
What is not included in the auscultation area in the video?
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/15.mp4
|
{
"A": "Chemotherapy",
"B": "Implant Materials",
"C": "Medication",
"D": "Radiation therapy",
"E": "Photodynamic therapy"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_504
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVa9np23mW4
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stent",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyglycolide",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylactic_acid",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradable_polymer"
],
"rationale": "Biodegradable polymers have been used to make Implant Materials stents that degrade slowly over time, reducing the risk of complications such as restenosis and thrombosis. These scaffolds are typically made from polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA) and their copolymers. The video shows the doctor implanting Implant Materials scaffolds for restoration and reconstruction of teeth.",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Biomaterials and Biopolymers (Avi Domb, Boaz Mizrahi, Shady Farah)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/11.mp4
|
How does the doctor treat in the video?
|
videos/Biomedical_Engineering/11.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_505
|
Bubble Sort
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46HwsWfZbRU
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis_of_algorithms",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_sort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_sort"
],
"rationale": "The sequence of swaps described, where the largest element moves step-by-step to its correct position by comparing and swapping adjacent elements ('6' moving up), indicates the use of the Bubble Sort algorithm. This algorithm repeatedly goes through the list to sort it by swapping out-of-order adjacent pairs.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Algorithms, 4th Edition (Robert Sedgewick, Kevin Wayne)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/24.mp4
|
The algorithm being demonstrated is _______________.
|
videos/Computer_Science/24.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_506
|
spectrometer
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pX0uKIPkcBs
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_instrument",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrometer",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersion_(optics)"
],
"rationale": "The experiment involves using a complex optical instrument, likely a spectrometer, to adjust and analyze the dispersion of light. The appearance of green and blue lines on the screen suggests the separation of light into its constituent wavelengths, with green having a larger wavelength than blue, aligning with dispersion principles.",
"subject": "Modern Physics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 3 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Modern_Physics/7.mp4
|
In the experiment described, the man is adjusting a **_____** to analyze the physical phenomenon.
|
videos/Modern_Physics/7.mp4
|
{
"A": "Smaller first, then bigger",
"B": "Bigger",
"C": "Smaller",
"D": "Bigger first, then smaller",
"E": "No change"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_507
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pX0uKIPkcBs
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_spectrum",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersion_(optics)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color"
],
"rationale": "When the operator adjusts the instrument, the light’s color changes from green to blue and then back to green, indicating that the wavelength of the observed light first decreases and then increases. Therefore, the correct option is A.",
"subject": "Modern Physics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 3 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Modern_Physics/7.mp4
|
How does the wavelength of light we see changes when the operator changes the instrument?
|
videos/Modern_Physics/7.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_508
|
\frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}}
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PfBQEhLKDRc
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RLC_circuit",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resonance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonance"
],
"rationale": "In the RLC series circuit shown in the video, only the angular frequency П‰ is adjusted. The other available variables displayed in the video are L, C, and R. The circuit achieves maximum current flow when the inductive reactance equals the capacitive reactance, which occurs at П‰L = 1вЃ?П‰C). Solving this equation gives the angular frequency: \\omega = \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{LC}}. This is known as the resonant frequency.",
"subject": "Electrical Engineering",
"textbook": "Electrical Engineering: Principles and Applications, 7th Edition (Allan R. Hambley)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/20.mp4
|
In the circuit described in the video, a certain variable is shown to be adjusted. Using the symbols and/or numbers displayed in the video, describe at what value of the adjusted variable ______ the current reaches its maximum.
|
videos/Electrical_Engineering/20.mp4
|
{
"A": "Photodynamic therapy",
"B": "Ultrasonic therapy",
"C": "Radiation therapy",
"D": "Gene engineering",
"E": "Tissue Engineering"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_509
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnicdD43OJE
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomaterial",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_engineering",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradable_polymer",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerative_medicine"
],
"rationale": "Biodegradable polymers are used as scaffolds in Option E. Tissue Engineering to provide a supportive structure for tissue repair and regeneration. As tissue grows, the polymers gradually degrade and are eventually replaced by regenerated tissue. These polymers serve as scaffolds for tissue growth and repair and provide a supportive structure for cell attachment, growth and differentiation. The video shows tissue engineering scaffolds for heart, fish tail growth, and lung healing through Tissue Engineering technology, which promotes cell growth and attachment.",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Biomaterials and Biopolymers (Avi Domb, Boaz Mizrahi, Shady Farah)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/12.mp4
|
What kind of life science means is shown in the video?
|
videos/Biomedical_Engineering/12.mp4
|
{
"A": "Stem cell transplantation to replace damaged heart tissue",
"B": "Gene therapy using viral vectors to deliver functional genes",
"C": "Activation of regenerative genes using CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) technology",
"D": "Suppression of harmful genes using RNA interference (RNAi)",
"E": "Implantation of bioengineered tissue scaffolds to support heart tissue growth"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_510
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnicdD43OJE
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_therapy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striated_muscle_tissue",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem-cell_therapy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR_gene_editing",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_interference"
],
"rationale": "The video highlights gene activation using guide RNA and a genetic construct called 'TREE,' consistent with CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) technology for cardiac regeneration. This technology focuses on upregulating gene expression rather than simple gene replacement, differentiating it from other methods like stem cell transplantation or RNA interference. Thus, CRISPRa is the primary technology discussed. Therefore, option C is the correct option.",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Biomaterials and Biopolymers (Avi Domb, Boaz Mizrahi, Shady Farah)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/12.mp4
|
Based on the video, which of the following technologies is primarily being utilized?
|
videos/Biomedical_Engineering/12.mp4
|
{
"A": "Only the Second one",
"B": "Only the First one",
"C": "The First and Third ones",
"D": "The First and Second ones",
"E": "Only the Third one"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_511
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQ41NF9vPiU
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_orbit",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_mechanics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%27s_laws_of_planetary_motion"
],
"rationale": "The first move motion now labeled as 'First one' shows Kepler's first law, indicating that the orbits of planets are ellipses. Additionally, the third move motion now labeled as 'Third one' demonstrates Kepler's third law, where the square of the period is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis, confirming that the orbits are ellipses. Thus, 'The First and Third' moves correctly show that planetary orbits are elliptical.",
"subject": "Mechanics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 1 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/21.mp4
|
Which move motion shows that the orbits of planets are ellipses?
|
videos/Mechanics/21.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_512
|
apoptotic bodies
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZdj2Cm2tzk
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_cell_death",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular_vesicle",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)"
],
"rationale": "The analysis concludes that the small particles drifting away from the transforming cell in the video are apoptotic bodies. These membrane-bound fragments are a hallmark of apoptosis, a programmed cell death process. The observation of these particles supports the identification of the cell undergoing apoptosis.",
"subject": "Basic Medicine",
"textbook": "Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition (Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Nelson D. Fausto)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Basic_Medicine/14.mp4
|
The small particles drifted away are referred to as **_____**.
|
videos/Basic_Medicine/14.mp4
|
{
"A": "Anoikis",
"B": "Necrosis",
"C": "Pyroptosis",
"D": "Apoptosis",
"E": "Autophagy"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_513
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZdj2Cm2tzk
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_cell_death",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_death",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoikis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferroptosis"
],
"rationale": "The morphological changes in the cell death process observed in the video indicate that this is the process of apoptosis (option D Apoptosis), specifically including cell volume shrinkage, nuclear division into nucleosome size, and intact plasma membrane.",
"subject": "Basic Medicine",
"textbook": "Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition (Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Nelson D. Fausto)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Basic_Medicine/14.mp4
|
What kind of cell death process is shown in the video?
|
videos/Basic_Medicine/14.mp4
|
{
"A": "Activation of death receptors by Fas ligand (extrinsic apoptosis pathway)",
"B": "Release of cytochrome c from mitochondria activating intrinsic apoptosis pathway",
"C": "Activation of receptor-interacting protein kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3 inducing necroptosis",
"D": "Accumulation of autophagosomes due to Beclin-1 activation initiating autophagy",
"E": "Iron-dependent lipid peroxidation leading to ferroptosis"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_514
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZdj2Cm2tzk
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrome_c",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis"
],
"rationale": "The video depicts apoptosis through traits like cell shrinkage and DNA fragmentation. These are indicative of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Given the absence of external triggers, the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, leading to intrinsic apoptosis, is the most likely molecular event initiating the process, aligning with the observed cellular changes. Therefore, the correct option is B.",
"subject": "Basic Medicine",
"textbook": "Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition (Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Nelson D. Fausto)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Basic_Medicine/14.mp4
|
Which of the following molecular events is most likely responsible for initiating the process shown?
|
videos/Basic_Medicine/14.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_515
|
Supply-side policy
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1oUmFdjBLM
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroeconomics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply-side_economics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_change",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence"
],
"rationale": "In video, integrating GPT-4 into Office 365 through Microsoft 365 Copilot exemplifies a supply-side macroeconomic policy. By automating tasks like data analysis and document creation, these technological advancements enhance productivity and economic efficiency, aligning with policies that focus on improving the supply side by boosting efficiency and enterprise productivity.",
"subject": "Economics",
"textbook": "Macroeconomics, 9th Edition (Olivier Blanchard)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Economics/7.mp4
|
The policy in video to improve economic efficiency is an example of which type of macroeconomic policy?
|
videos/Economics/7.mp4
|
{
"A": "A decrease in overall labor productivity due to technological obsolescence.",
"B": "A reduction in capital investment as firms rely more on AI.",
"C": "An increase in total factor productivity leading to higher economic growth.",
"D": "A rise in inflation due to increased demand for AI-related services.",
"E": "A decrease in international competitiveness due to technological lag."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_516
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1oUmFdjBLM
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_factor_productivity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_capital",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_artificial_intelligence",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_unemployment"
],
"rationale": "As mentioned in the video, AI integration, like GPT-4 in productivity tools, is expected to enhance efficiency and increase total factor productivity, leading to higher economic growth in the medium term, corresponding to the option C. While job displacement is possible, workers' adaptation may mitigate this. AI implementation involves shifting capital investment rather than reducing it, and potential inflation effects from AI demand are uncertain.",
"subject": "Economics",
"textbook": "Macroeconomics, 9th Edition (Olivier Blanchard)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Economics/7.mp4
|
Which of the following macroeconomic effects is most likely to occur in the medium term?
|
videos/Economics/7.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_517
|
PIIGS
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyAEbrG4vaI
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozone",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIGS_(economics)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_debt_crisis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_default",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_government-debt_crisis"
],
"rationale": "The countries Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, and Spain are collectively referred to by the acronym PIIGS. Significant investments from Germany and France into their real estate, bonds, and funds led to a buildup of debt, resulting in a financial crisis. The acronym is derived from the first letters of each country’s name. This term first appeared during the Eurozone debt crisis in the late 2000s and is now rarely used due to its derogatory connotation.",
"subject": "Economics",
"textbook": "Macroeconomics, 9th Edition (Olivier Blanchard)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Economics/8.mp4
|
For the countries receiving these capital inflows shown in the video, these countries are collectively referred to by the acronym ______.
|
videos/Economics/8.mp4
|
{
"A": "Tight monetary policy suppresses consumption",
"B": "The rapid-growing economy and a fiscal surplus",
"C": "Uneven development among members and accumulated fiscal deficits",
"D": "The unified monetary system enhances policy coordination",
"E": "Reduced investment in infrastructure leading to economic stagnation"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_518
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyAEbrG4vaI
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_debt_crisis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiscal_policy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_debt",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_budget_balance"
],
"rationale": "The European debt crisis was primarily attributed to uneven development among member states and accumulated fiscal deficits. These fiscal challenges led to difficulties in managing debt levels, sparking the crisis in some parts of the eurozone.",
"subject": "Economics",
"textbook": "Macroeconomics, 9th Edition (Olivier Blanchard)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Economics/8.mp4
|
What is the main reason for the debt crisis in the region as shown in the video?
|
videos/Economics/8.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_519
|
Fungi
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFEgB_ytDZY
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenocyte",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budding",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microorganism"
],
"rationale": "The cells observed in the video are budding and increasing in number. This asexual reproduction method and the round shape of the shown cells align with the features of Fungi cell type. The observed cells are possibly yeast cells.",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Fundamentals and Advances in Medical Biotechnology (John A. Rudge, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/13.mp4
|
The cell type observed in the video is __________.
|
videos/Biomedical_Engineering/13.mp4
|
{
"A": "Cell lysis",
"B": "Dormant",
"C": "Microbial evolution",
"D": "Fission and budding",
"E": "Spore formation"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_520
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFEgB_ytDZY
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fission_(biology)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microorganism",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_division",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydra_(genus)"
],
"rationale": "Microorganisms reproduce mainly through Fission and budding. Cell division and growth leads to an increase in cell mass and nucleic acid content. The result of this growth leads to a surge in cellular elements and ultimately to an increase in the number of cells. The bacteria in the video use Fission and budding to reproduce.",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Fundamentals and Advances in Medical Biotechnology (John A. Rudge, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/13.mp4
|
What life activities of microorganisms are reflected in the video?
|
videos/Biomedical_Engineering/13.mp4
|
{
"A": "Bright-field microscopy; it provides high-contrast images of stained specimens, aiding in cell morphology studies.",
"B": "Fluorescence microscopy; it allows for the visualization of specific cellular components using fluorescent tags, useful in genetic engineering.",
"C": "Electron microscopy; it offers detailed images of cellular ultrastructure, essential for nanotechnology applications.",
"D": "Phase-contrast microscopy; it enhances contrast in transparent specimens without staining, enabling the study of live cells in their natural state.",
"E": "Dark-field microscopy; it improves contrast of unstained samples by illuminating them against a dark background, useful for detecting motility."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_521
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFEgB_ytDZY
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live-cell_imaging",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budding",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-contrast_microscopy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscopy"
],
"rationale": "Based on the observations of yeast cells in the video, including the presence of clear halos around the cells, clusters of cells undergoing budding, and the visualization of these cells without any apparent staining , Phase-contrast microscopy is identified as the technique used, as it enhances contrast in transparent, unstained specimens, creating clear halos around cells. It allows the observation of live cells, important for Biomedical Engineering research, by providing non-invasive insights into cell behavior and morphology without the need for staining, facilitating advancements in cell studies.",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Fundamentals and Advances in Medical Biotechnology (John A. Rudge, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/13.mp4
|
Which microscopy technique is most likely being used, and how does this technique benefit Biomedical Engineering research?
|
videos/Biomedical_Engineering/13.mp4
|
{
"A": "The clear halos primarily result from endospore formation due to nutrient depletion, which can potentially be inhibited by targeting specific spore germination pathways.",
"B": "The halos are caused by extracellular polysaccharide capsule synthesis enhancing virulence, which can be disrupted by inhibiting capsule formation enzymes.",
"C": "The presence of distinct halos indicates lipid accumulation within cells due to metabolic shifts, which can be addressed by modifying lipid biosynthesis pathways.",
"D": "The halos signify biofilm matrix formation on surfaces, which can be prevented by using agents that disrupt key biofilm structural components.",
"E": "The halos are zones where secreted hydrolytic enzymes degrade the surrounding medium, a process that can be inhibited to prevent tissue invasion in antifungal therapy."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_522
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFEgB_ytDZY
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-contrast_microscopy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolase",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscopy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifungal"
],
"rationale": "Based on the video observations of yeast cells with clear halos surrounding them, some undergoing budding without apparent staining, and considering microscopy techniques used in Biomedical Engineering, the observed clear halos around yeast cells are likely due to secreted hydrolytic enzymes degrading the surrounding medium, aiding tissue invasion. This phenomenon is best explained without staining and aligns with targeted antifungal strategies by inhibiting enzyme activity. Thus, Option E is the correct explanation for developing antifungal therapies.",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Fundamentals and Advances in Medical Biotechnology (John A. Rudge, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/13.mp4
|
Which of the following explanations best describes the observed phenomenon?
|
videos/Biomedical_Engineering/13.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_523
|
quadriceps
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WeC9RrqgAQg
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stretch_reflex",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patellar_reflex",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriceps",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_root_ganglion"
],
"rationale": "The knee-jerk reflex, demonstrated by the medical professional tapping below the kneecap, involves stretching the tendon connected to the quadriceps muscle. This action activates sensory neurons whose cell bodies are located in the dorsal root ganglia, confirming that the quadriceps muscle is the one stretched and tested in this reflex procedure.",
"subject": "Neurobiology",
"textbook": "Neuroscience, 6th Edition (Dale Purves, George Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/19.mp4
|
Through the procedure shown in the video, the medical professional is performing a medical examination, which involves the stretching of the ________ muscle.
|
videos/Neurobiology/19.mp4
|
{
"A": "Basal ganglia",
"B": "Lateral geniculate nucleus",
"C": "Ventral horn",
"D": "Thalamus",
"E": "Dorsal root ganglia"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_524
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WeC9RrqgAQg
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_geniculate_nucleus",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patellar_reflex",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_ganglia",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalamus",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_root_ganglion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_neuron"
],
"rationale": "The video demonstrates the knee-jerk reflex, with the afferent neurons' terminals located in skeletal muscle and their cell bodies located in the dorsal root ganglia.",
"subject": "Neurobiology",
"textbook": "Neuroscience, 6th Edition (Dale Purves, George Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/19.mp4
|
Where is the location of the cell bodies of the sensory neurons for the reflex in this video?
|
videos/Neurobiology/19.mp4
|
{
"A": "Right anterior horn cells at cervical and lumbar spinal cord levels",
"B": "Left lateral spinothalamic tract at thoracic spinal cord levels",
"C": "Left dorsal column nuclei in the medulla oblongata",
"D": "Left posterior limb of the internal capsule involving corticospinal and dorsal column pathways",
"E": "Right posterior limb of the internal capsule involving corticospinal and dorsal column pathways"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_525
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WeC9RrqgAQg
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_column%E2%80%93medial_lemniscus_pathway",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_capsule",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decussation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_motor_neuron_lesion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticospinal_tract"
],
"rationale": "In the video, the first test assessed the knee-jerk reflex on the patient’s right leg, while the second test focused on the left leg. If the left leg exhibits an exaggerated response, this suggests an upper motor neuron lesion in the left-side pathway. Based on the options, the lesion is in the right posterior limb of the internal capsule, affecting both the corticospinal and dorsal column-medial lemniscal (DCML) pathways. This is indicated by motor deficits and sensory loss of fine touch, vibration, and proprioception on the left side, with preserved pain and temperature sensations, consistent with an upper motor neuron lesion damaging the left-side pathways. Therefore, the correct option is E.",
"subject": "Neurobiology",
"textbook": "Neuroscience, 6th Edition (Dale Purves, George Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/19.mp4
|
As shown in the video, the doctor conducted two experiments on the patient. In the first experiment, the patient’s response was normal; in the second experiment, the patient’s response was exaggerated. Based on the patient’s physiological signs, what is the most likely location of the lesion?
|
videos/Neurobiology/19.mp4
|
{
"A": "100.5 ms",
"B": "10.5 ms",
"C": "20.5 ms",
"D": "31 ms",
"E": "41.5 ms"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_526
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WeC9RrqgAQg
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex_arc",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmission",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synapse",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patellar_reflex",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_neuron",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_neuron"
],
"rationale": "The video demonstrates the knee-jerk reflex, a classic monosynaptic reflex, where the neural circuit involves two neurons and a single synapse. The total time for a nerve impulse to travel from the receptor to the effector muscle is 20.5 milliseconds, which includes 10 ms for the sensory neuron impulse, 0.5 ms for the synaptic delay, and 10 ms for the motor neuron impulse, given an axon length of 0.6 meters and a conduction velocity of 60 meters per second for both neurons.",
"subject": "Neurobiology",
"textbook": "Neuroscience, 6th Edition (Dale Purves, George Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/19.mp4
|
In the biological process described in the video, assuming all neurons have a conduction velocity of 60 meters per second, each neuron’s axon length is 0.6 meters, and the synaptic delay is 0.5 milliseconds, what is the total time required for the nerve impulse to travel from the receptor to the effector (in milliseconds)?
|
videos/Neurobiology/19.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_527
|
21000
|
https://youtu.be/kFejLiVUlKk?si=7Rsfy1YjqvJQxHQ-
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureus",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_resistance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_gene_transfer",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm"
],
"rationale": "1. Identify the key details in the video description: The United States map is shown with the numbers '2 million' and '21000 deaths annually' associated with it. 2. Understand the context using the knowledge point: The knowledge point is 'antibiotic resistant,' indicating the video is discussing antibiotic-resistant infections. 3. Interpret the numbers: The '2 million' refers to the number of people affected, and '21000 deaths annually' refers to the number of deaths caused by these infections in the US each year. 4. Answer the question: Based on these details, the number of deaths annually is 21000.",
"subject": "Pharmacy",
"textbook": "The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 13th Edition (Laurence L. Brunton, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Pharmacy/15.mp4
|
According to the video, antibiotic-resistant infections cause over ___ deaths annually in the United States.
|
videos/Pharmacy/15.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_528
|
16
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=223jb0uXARM
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_bit",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_word_(communication)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coding_theory"
],
"rationale": "The video uses animation to show the principles and process of parity checking. In a single parity check code with a 17-bit codeword, the number of information bits is calculated by subtracting one parity bit from the total codeword length. Therefore, if the total codeword length is 17 bits, the number of information bits is 17 minus 1, which equals 16.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/12.mp4
|
The phenomenon in the video inspires a type of verification method. Assuming the phenomenon shown in the video represents a codeword under this verification method, the number of information bits is __________.
|
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/12.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_529
|
at-rest
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bfmg3fkkc9c
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retaining_wall",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope_stability",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotechnical_engineering",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_earth_pressure"
],
"rationale": "For a non-moving retaining wall on a slope, the type of lateral earth pressure to consider is at-rest earth pressure. This pressure occurs when the soil mass is in static equilibrium, as the wall is designed to remain static, not moving from its initial position.",
"subject": "Civil Engineering",
"textbook": "Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, 9th Edition (Braja M. Das)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Civil_Engineering/15.mp4
|
In the engineering project shown in the video, during the construction of the wall, the type of lateral earth pressure that must be considered is called the ________ earth pressure.
|
videos/Civil_Engineering/15.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_530
|
Greatest Common Divisor (GCD)
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMC9bUgR3Xo
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Algorithms",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greatest_common_divisor"
],
"rationale": "The analysis determines the Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) of 62 and 36 using the Euclidean algorithm. The steps involve repeatedly dividing numbers and using the remainders until reaching a remainder of zero. The sequence of computations follows: 62 Г· 36 = 1 remainder 26, 36 Г· 26 = 1 remainder 10, 26 Г· 10 = 2 remainder 6, 10 Г· 6 = 1 remainder 4, 6 Г· 4 = 1 remainder 2, and 4 Г· 2 = 2 remainder 0. Thus, the GCD is 2.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/25.mp4
|
The operation in the video is calculating the ________ of these numbers.
|
videos/Computer_Science/25.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_531
|
adiabatic
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPJTSPyqBjI
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_piston",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamics"
],
"rationale": "The rapid compression of air in a fire piston, where no heat is exchanged with the surroundings, is an adiabatic process. This is because the quick compression increases the internal energy of the gas due to work done on it, with minimal time for heat exchange, characterizing it as an adiabatic transformation.",
"subject": "Thermodynamics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Thermodynamics/5.mp4
|
What is the type of thermodynamic process that occurs in the video (assuming the process is rapid and the system is independent)?
|
videos/Thermodynamics/5.mp4
|
{
"A": "As the temperature decreases, the number of gas molecules remains unchanged, and ultimately the gas volume decreases.",
"B": "As the temperature decreases, the gas pressure decreases and ultimately the gas volume decreases.",
"C": "As the temperature remains unchanged, the number of gas molecules decreases, and ultimately the gas volume decreases.",
"D": "As the temperature decreases, the air pressure remains unchanged, and ultimately the gas volume decreases.",
"E": "As the temperature increases, the number of gas molecules decreases, and ultimately the gas volume decreases."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_532
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPJTSPyqBjI
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas_law",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%27s_law",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_laws",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyle%27s_law"
],
"rationale": "According to the video, the work done by the external environment on the gas and the burning of paper scraps will cause the gas temperature to rise, but the combustion reduces the number of oxygen molecules in the gas, decreasing the number of gas molecules, balancing the pressure with the external atmospheric pressure plus the piston pressure, ultimately leading to a reduction in gas volume. Thus E is right.",
"subject": "Thermodynamics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Thermodynamics/5.mp4
|
Why did the piston position of the final tube drop compared to the initial position?
|
videos/Thermodynamics/5.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_533
|
persistence of vision
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdK89u6EoOE
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_illusion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_perception",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistence_of_vision",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterimage"
],
"rationale": "When images persist on the retina even after the stimulus has ended, this phenomenon is known as 'persistence of vision.' It occurs because photoreceptors in the retina continue to send signals even after the light source moves away, creating an illusion of continuous images, as demonstrated by moving lights revealing words.",
"subject": "Biology",
"textbook": "The Filmmaker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for the Digital Age, 5th Edition (Steven Ascher, Edward Pincus)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biology/4.mp4
|
What is the phenomenon related to human eyes shown in the video?
|
videos/Biology/4.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_534
|
foundation
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RM6tVtkCfBM
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_slab",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_(engineering)"
],
"rationale": "The video shows the pouring and finishing of a concrete slab framed by wooden forms in a residential area with a three-car garage. This slab likely functions as the foundation of a building, which is the lowest part transferring loads to the soil, supporting the structure above it.",
"subject": "Civil Engineering",
"textbook": "Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, 9th Edition (Braja M. Das)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Civil_Engineering/16.mp4
|
The finished product in the video will most likely be used as the building's _______.
|
videos/Civil_Engineering/16.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_535
|
Clockwise
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qc8zcst2blU
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stator",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction_motor",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepper_motor",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_coil",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_magnetic_field"
],
"rationale": "The stepper motor's excitation pattern involves sequential activation of coil pairs causing a rotating magnetic field around the stator. Each change in excitation aligns the stator and rotor teeth, moving the rotor one step. As the pattern moves from coil pair 1 to 4, the rotor rotates in a clockwise direction. Therefore, the rotor rotates clockwise as seen in the video.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Industrial Automation: An Engineering Approach"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/20.mp4
|
The rotor of the stepper motor rotates in the ___________ direction.
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/20.mp4
|
{
"A": "No electrical energy is produced when the strings are plucked.",
"B": "All the mechanical energy generated by plucking the strings is converted into heat energy.",
"C": "Thermal energy in the air is converted into electrical energy.",
"D": "Electrical energy from the electric guitar speaker is converted into sound energy.",
"E": "The mechanical energy generated by plucking the strings is converted into sound energy and heat energy."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_536
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0NCrLaVqhg&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=20
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s_law_of_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_coil_guitar_pickup",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplifier",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_transformation"
],
"rationale": "The magnets in electric guitar pickups magnetize the metal strings on them, making certain strings magnetic. The magnetic field between the pickup and the strings exhibits a fixed static magnetic field distribution. When a string is plucked, the magnetic field distribution changes periodically as the string vibrates. According to Faraday's law, an induced electromotive force appears at both ends of the current loop. This induced electromotive force is amplified by the amplifier and output by the speaker. So the speaker converts its own electrical energy into sound energy, which corresponds to choice D.",
"subject": "Electrical Engineering",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/21.mp4
|
What energy conversion process occurs in the video?
|
videos/Electrical_Engineering/21.mp4
|
{
"A": "Four",
"B": "Six",
"C": "Five",
"D": "Seven",
"E": "Eight"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_537
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEMG1HkgAwA
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Robotics_for_Manufacturing",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-fiber_reinforced_polymer",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrees_of_freedom_(mechanics)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_robot"
],
"rationale": "The laying process is a conventional six degrees of freedom robotic operation, where the end and the laying body support remain in a fixed state, so the total number of degrees of freedom is six.",
"subject": "Materials Science",
"textbook": "Fiber-Reinforced Composites Materials, Manufacturing, and Design, 3rd Edition (P.K. Mallick)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Materials_Science/7.mp4
|
How many degrees of freedom are involved in the process of automated fiber bundle manufacturing?
|
videos/Materials_Science/7.mp4
|
{
"A": "Ensuring exact alignment of fibers to prevent anisotropic properties",
"B": "Achieving complete impregnation of fibers with the matrix material to avoid voids",
"C": "Preventing thermal degradation of fibers due to excessive heat during processing",
"D": "Minimizing residual stresses by controlling cooling rates after deposition",
"E": "Reducing lead times by increasing the speed of the robotic arm movements"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_538
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEMG1HkgAwA
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_material",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-fiber_reinforced_polymer",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotic_arm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_matrix_composite"
],
"rationale": "In the video, the manufacturing process involves a robotic arm applying a thin layer of material onto a long, comb-like dark rod. The key challenge in producing high-quality fiber-reinforced composites using this method is achieving complete impregnation of fibers with the matrix material to avoid voids. This step is crucial to maintain the mechanical integrity of the composite, outweighing concerns about alignment, thermal degradation, material deposition uniformity, and cooling rates. Therefore, the correct option is B.",
"subject": "Materials Science",
"textbook": "Fiber-Reinforced Composites Materials, Manufacturing, and Design, 3rd Edition (P.K. Mallick)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Materials_Science/7.mp4
|
Based on the described manufacturing process, which of the following is the most critical challenge to address in order to produce high-quality fiber-reinforced composite materials using this method?
|
videos/Materials_Science/7.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_539
|
pore water pressure
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhqK-Kzf8CM
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_strength_(soil)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_stress",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope_stability",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pore_water_pressure"
],
"rationale": "The workers must consider the increase in pore water pressure when filling a water-filled ditch with soil. This pressure increase reduces the soil's effective stress and shear strength, potentially affecting slope stability and risking failure. Ensuring slope stability involves reducing the water's impact on soil strength by managing pore pressure effectively.",
"subject": "Civil Engineering",
"textbook": "Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, 9th Edition (Braja M. Das)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Civil_Engineering/17.mp4
|
While filling the water-filled ditch, the workers must consider the increase in **___**, which reduces the soil's shear strength.
|
videos/Civil_Engineering/17.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_540
|
26
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHjYm2J9E_w
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijkstra%27s_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Algorithms",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_theory",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_spanning_tree",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prim%27s_algorithm"
],
"rationale": "The total weight of the minimum spanning tree, as calculated from the video using Prim's algorithm, is 26. This is derived by summing the weights of the selected edges: 'b-c' with weight 5, 'c-e' with weight 4, 'a-d' with weight 3, 'a-c' with weight 6, 'a-f' with weight 5, and 'f-g' with weight 3, resulting in 5 + 4 + 3 + 6 + 5 + 3 = 26.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/26.mp4
|
The total weight of the minimum spanning tree formed using the demonstrated algorithm is ____.
|
videos/Computer_Science/26.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_541
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0bKKKmuGPY
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_allergy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersensitivity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_E",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk_allergy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hives"
],
"rationale": "The man's allergic reaction, characterized by urticaria after drinking milk, is mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE). This response is typical of acute hypersensitivity reactions, where IgE plays a key role in allergies, including food-induced urticaria. Though milk is often linked to rhinitis and asthma, it can also trigger IgE-mediated urticaria.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/16.mp4
|
The man's allergic reaction is mediated by immunoglobulin **_____**.
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/16.mp4
|
{
"A": "Gastrointestinal bleeding",
"B": "Rhinitis and asthma",
"C": "Dermatitis herpetiformis",
"D": "Migraine headaches",
"E": "Diabetes"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_542
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0bKKKmuGPY
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_allergy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatitis_herpetiformis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_bleeding",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migraine",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergic_rhinitis"
],
"rationale": "As shown in the video, the man experiences an allergy to certain foods, and food allergy can lead to symptoms such as rhinitis and asthma. Therefore, the correct option is B.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/16.mp4
|
What other symptoms might the person in the video have?
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/16.mp4
|
{
"A": "Type II hypersensitivity reaction involving IgG antibodies targeting cell surface antigens",
"B": "Type III hypersensitivity reaction due to immune complex deposition in vessel walls",
"C": "Type IV hypersensitivity reaction mediated by sensitized T-helper 1 (Th1) lymphocytes",
"D": "Type I hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgE antibodies causing mast cell degranulation",
"E": "Autoimmune response involving IgG antibodies against desmoglein proteins in the skin"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_543
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0bKKKmuGPY
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_allergy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersensitivity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_E",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_G",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mast_cell",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hives"
],
"rationale": "After drinking a glass of milk, the man develops red welts on his face. Considering the scenario and the common food allergens depicted in the video (milk, eggs, peanuts, soy, wheat, fish, nuts, and shellfish), the man is likely experiencing a Type I hypersensitivity reaction. In this reaction, IgE antibodies trigger mast cell degranulation, leading to the immediate appearance of symptoms such as urticaria (hives). This aligns with the acute red swelling observed after consuming milk. Given the timing of onset, symptom type, and the role of histamine release in food allergies, other options are less likely. Therefore, option D is correct.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/16.mp4
|
Based on the symptoms shown in the video, which immune mechanism is most likely responsible for the man’s symptoms?
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/16.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_544
|
sialyl-Lewis X
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGXSSKu5Dxw
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_adhesion_molecule",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selectin",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukocyte_extravasation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-selectin",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialyl-Lewis_X"
],
"rationale": "Sialyl-Lewis X is the carbohydrate moiety on leukocytes that binds to P-selectin on endothelial cells, facilitating leukocyte rolling. This interaction allows leukocytes to slow down and roll along the vessel wall, as demonstrated by the video showing leukocytes briefly interacting with P-selectin on endothelial cells.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/17.mp4
|
In the video, the “purple” biomolecule that binds to the “yellow” biomolecule is _____
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/17.mp4
|
{
"A": "Benjamin Whorf",
"B": "Noam Chomsky",
"C": "Eric Lenneberg",
"D": "Roman Jakobson",
"E": "Ferdinand de Saussure"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_545
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7yyYdiNTIo
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_determinism",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Sapir",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Lee_Whorf"
],
"rationale": "From the video, it can be seen that it is a linguist who came up with a linguistic theory about how language affects human cognition and the brain, which is clearly linguistic determinism or linguistic relativism, and therefore the person who came up with this theory is Benjamin Whorf.",
"subject": "Literature",
"textbook": "An Introduction to Language, 11th Edition (Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman, Nina Hyams)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Literature/4.mp4
|
The linguist in this video is the very first who came up with this theory ,who is he?
|
videos/Literature/4.mp4
|
{
"A": "George Orwell's '1984'",
"B": "James Joyce's 'Ulysses'",
"C": "T.S. Eliot's 'The Waste Land'",
"D": "Franz Kafka's 'The Metamorphosis'",
"E": "Virginia Woolf's 'To the Lighthouse'"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_546
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7yyYdiNTIo
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Waste_Land",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Metamorphosis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Orwell",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_the_Lighthouse",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)"
],
"rationale": "George Orwell's '1984' best illustrates the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, emphasizing how language shapes thought and perception. Through the concept of Newspeak, the novel demonstrates how a controlled language limits freedom of thought and eliminates rebellious concepts, exemplifying how language influences cognition. Other works explore language or perception but do not directly align with the hypothesis.",
"subject": "Literature",
"textbook": "An Introduction to Language, 11th Edition (Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman, Nina Hyams)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Literature/4.mp4
|
Based on the video's depiction, which of the following literary works best exemplifies the theme?
|
videos/Literature/4.mp4
|
{
"A": "p53, p16, K-RAS",
"B": "p53, K-RAS, p16",
"C": "p16, K-RAS, p53",
"D": "K-RAS, p53, p16",
"E": "K-RAS, p16, p53"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_547
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2-F9wVy676g
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDKN2A",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRAS",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P53",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_progression"
],
"rationale": "The video shows the process of unlimited cell proliferation and tumor generation, specifically in the pancreas, which is pancreatic cancer. According to the order of gene mutations in the progression model of pancreatic cancer (early, middle, late), the correct answer is option E. K-RAS, p16, p53.",
"subject": "Basic Medicine",
"textbook": "Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition (Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Nelson D. Fausto)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Basic_Medicine/15.mp4
|
When the process shown in the video occurs, there are multiple genetic mutations at specific sites, what is their order?
|
videos/Basic_Medicine/15.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_548
|
5
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3fH_crVcQE&t=129s
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijkstra%27s_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortest_path_problem",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Algorithms",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_theory",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_(discrete_mathematics)"
],
"rationale": "The shortest distance from node 'a' to node 'h' in the given Dijkstra's algorithm execution is determined to be 5. The process involves updating distances and predecessors for nodes 'c', 'f', and 'h'. Starting from 'a', it updates the path through 'c' and 'f' to reach 'h' with a total distance of 5.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/27.mp4
|
The shortest distance from node 'a' to node 'h' is ___.
|
videos/Computer_Science/27.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_549
|
Depth-first search
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FsA9VgvXfs0
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Algorithms",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_(abstract_data_type)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_traversal",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth-first_search",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_algorithm"
],
"rationale": "The traversal order (5 в†?8 в†?6 в†?7) exhibits a pattern of exploring as deep as possible before backtracking, typical of depth-first search (DFS). Nodes change color as they are visited, with unvisited nodes remaining grey. Node 7 turning green indicates it is the goal. This traversal exemplifies the depth-first search algorithm.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/28.mp4
|
What algorithm is being illustrated?
|
videos/Computer_Science/28.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_550
|
hyperinflation
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q73s8v_d46M
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroeconomics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperinflation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monetary_inflation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Zimbabwe"
],
"rationale": "The economic phenomenon described is hyperinflation, as shown by the rapid depreciation of the Zimbabwean Dollar from 1998 due to excessive money supply. This led to soaring inflation rates, currency devaluation, and the need for large amounts of cash to purchase goods, depicting an uncontrolled rise in prices typical of hyperinflation.",
"subject": "Economics",
"textbook": "Macroeconomics, 9th Edition (Olivier Blanchard)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Economics/9.mp4
|
The economic crisis described is **______**.
|
videos/Economics/9.mp4
|
{
"A": "Increases and remains increased",
"B": "Decreases and remains decreased",
"C": "Increases first, then decreases",
"D": "Decreases first, then increases",
"E": "Remains the same"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_551
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_eMH07Tghs0&t=30s
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_of_inertia",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_momentum",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_around_a_fixed_axis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity"
],
"rationale": "Because of conservation of angular momentum, when he put his arms together, the moment of Inertia gets smaller, so the angular velocity gets larger at first and then smaller, consistent with the correct choice being option C 'Increases first, then decreases'.",
"subject": "Mechanics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 1 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/22.mp4
|
How does the angular velocity of the man in the video change?
|
videos/Mechanics/22.mp4
|
{
"A": "( omega_f = omega_0 )",
"B": "( omega_f = dfrac{I_0}{I_0 + 2mL^2} omega_0 )",
"C": "( omega_f = dfrac{I_0 + 2mL^2}{I_0} omega_0 )",
"D": "( omega_f = dfrac{I_0 + mL^2}{I_0 + 2mL^2} omega_0 )",
"E": "( omega_f = dfrac{I_0}{I_0 + mL^2} omega_0 )"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_552
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_eMH07Tghs0&t=30s
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_of_inertia",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_momentum",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity"
],
"rationale": "The solution uses the conservation of angular momentum, stating angular momentum remains constant without external torques. Initially, the moment of inertia is minimal (I_i = I_0). When arms extend with dumbbells, the final moment of inertia becomes I_f = I_0 + 2mL^2. Solving I_0 П‰_0 = (I_0 + 2mL^2) П‰_f gives П‰_f = (I_0 / (I_0 + 2mL^2)) П‰_0, option B.",
"subject": "Mechanics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 1 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/22.mp4
|
What is his new angular velocity ( omega_f ) in terms of ( I_0 ), ( m ), ( L ), and ( omega_0 )?
|
videos/Mechanics/22.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_553
|
17 bits
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2737CWLp8dw
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_(information_theory)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greedy_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huffman_coding",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_tree",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_compression"
],
"rationale": "The analysis calculates the total bits used to encode 'MR PETER' using Huffman coding. Character frequencies are determined, and a Huffman tree is constructed, combining nodes based on frequency. Huffman codes are assigned to each character. Based on the given Huffman tree at the end of the video, 'R' and 'E' need 2 bits per character while 'P', 'T' and 'M' need 3 bits per character. The total number of bits used is 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 = 17 bits.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/29.mp4
|
The total number of bits used to encode 'MR PETER' is **___** (ignore the space).
|
videos/Computer_Science/29.mp4
|
{
"A": "When the button is pressed, air flow is generated, and the air pressure causes the iron block to move upward.",
"B": "After pressing the button, there is a mechanical device that pulls the iron block upward.",
"C": "When the button is pressed, a magnetic field is formed, and the iron block moves upward due to the magnetic force.",
"D": "After pressing the button, an electric current is generated to generate heat. The rope is heat-shrinkable and shortens to pull the iron block upward.",
"E": "After pressing the button, a magnetic field is generated, and the rope is pulled by the force of the magnetic field to move the iron block."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_554
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XsfwVRBZXkI&t=15s
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_expansion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat-shrink_tubing",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule_heating"
],
"rationale": "After the experimenter presses the button in the video, the ammeter shows a deflection, indicating that current is generated in the rope. Based on the thermal effect of the current, the rope heats up, leading to the conclusion that the rope has thermal shrinkage properties; it shrinks when heated, pulling the iron block upward. Therefore, the correct option is D.",
"subject": "Thermodynamics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Thermodynamics/6.mp4
|
Why does the iron block in the video rise?
|
videos/Thermodynamics/6.mp4
|
{
"A": "Heating the wire increases its entropy, causing the atoms to move more randomly and the wire to contract.",
"B": "The electric current generates a magnetic field around the wire, and the interaction with the metal block induces a lifting force.",
"C": "The wire undergoes a phase transition from martensite to austenite upon heating, releasing stored strain energy and contracting, thereby lifting the block.",
"D": "Heating causes the gas inside the glass tube to expand, thereby lowers the metal block.",
"E": "Heating causes the gas inside the glass tube to expand, thereby lifting the metal block."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_555
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XsfwVRBZXkI&t=15s
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_expansion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenite",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_titanium",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martensite",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape-memory_alloy"
],
"rationale": "The wire contracts upon heating due to a phase transition from martensite to austenite, as seen in shape memory alloys like Nitinol. This transformation releases stored strain energy, causing the contraction that lifts the metal block. This explanation aligns with the option C, which accurately describes the thermodynamic process involved.",
"subject": "Thermodynamics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Thermodynamics/6.mp4
|
Which of the following thermodynamic explanations best describes the phenomenon shown in the video?
|
videos/Thermodynamics/6.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_556
|
generalized anxiety disorder
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuPPRLv_YSw
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_anxiety_disorder",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_disorder",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety_disorder",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_disorder"
],
"rationale": "Considering the character's stress over studying, altered self-image, and emotional collapse suggest symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The analysis highlights excessive worry about academic and personal success, and significant distress impacting physical and emotional well-being, characterized by anxiety that is difficult to control across various life domains.",
"subject": "Neurobiology",
"textbook": "Principles of Neurobiology (Liqun Luo)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/20.mp4
|
Based on the video, the character is most likely exhibiting symptoms of ______ disorder.
|
videos/Neurobiology/20.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_557
|
anxiety
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCCweK0YauA&t=85s
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_anxiety_disorder",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety_disorder",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insomnia",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_disorder"
],
"rationale": "The video depicts a person unable to sleep due to excessive worrying, as shown by distress and thought bubbles of various stressors. This aligns with initial insomnia often caused by anxiety disorders, suggesting that the most likely underlying condition in this scenario is anxiety.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/18.mp4
|
Based on the symptoms depicted in the video, what is the most likely underlying condition causing the initial insomnia?
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/18.mp4
|
{
"A": "Late insomnia",
"B": "Middle insomnia",
"C": "Initial insomnia",
"D": "Sleep onset latency",
"E": "Delayed sleep phase syndrome"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_558
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCCweK0YauA&t=85s
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_onset_latency",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delayed_sleep_phase_disorder",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insomnia",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_disorder"
],
"rationale": "The video shows a person tossing and turning in bed, unable to fall asleep, without mention of waking up during the night or waking too early. Therefore, the phenomenon is initial insomnia, corresponding to Option C. While sleep onset latency refers to the time it takes to transition from being in bed to falling asleep, it describes the duration of sleep onset rather than the type of insomnia itself, and thus does not directly correspond to this observed phenomenon.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/18.mp4
|
What phenomenon is shown in the video?
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/18.mp4
|
{
"A": "Recurrent nightmares involving traumatic events",
"B": "Persistent muscle tension and restlessness",
"C": "Significant weight loss without dieting",
"D": "Compulsive behaviors like repeated checking",
"E": "Elevated mood with increased goal-directed activity"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_559
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCCweK0YauA&t=85s
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_anxiety_disorder",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_tone",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insomnia"
],
"rationale": "In the video, the person is shown repeatedly experiencing anxious thoughts, such as his boss being angry or failing an exam. This depiction of a distressed individual lying down suggests they may be suffering from Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), which is characterized by persistent anxiety and worry. Physical symptoms associated with GAD include muscle tension and restlessness. Therefore, the individual is most likely experiencing “persistent muscle tension and restlessness,�making Option B the correct choice, as the other options relate to different disorders.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/18.mp4
|
As shown in the video, which physical symptom is this person most likely experiencing?
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/18.mp4
|
{
"A": "Major Depressive Disorder",
"B": "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder",
"C": "Acute Stress Disorder",
"D": "Adjustment Disorder",
"E": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_560
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCCweK0YauA&t=85s
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_stress_reaction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_anxiety_disorder",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_disorder",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjustment_disorder",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insomnia",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety_disorder"
],
"rationale": "In the video, the person is shown repeatedly experiencing anxious thoughts, such as their boss being angry or failing an exam. This depiction of a distressed individual lying down suggests they may be suffering from Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), which is characterized by persistent anxiety and worry, corresponding to option E. The other options are unrelated to the thought bubbles shown in the video.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/18.mp4
|
Based on the video depiction, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for this individual's condition?
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/18.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_561
|
RC
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEGb0JVuNvY&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=16
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC_circuit"
],
"rationale": "The circuit mentioned in the question includes a charging capacitor and a resistor, which classifies it as an RC circuit. This type of circuit, comprising a resistor (R) and a capacitor (C), aligns with the components described, confirming that the correct answer is 'RC'.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/24.mp4
|
The circuit demonstrated in the video is known as a(n) **____** circuit.
|
videos/Electromagnetism/24.mp4
|
{
"A": "The capacitor supplies power to the light bulb, and the circuit is now connected.",
"B": "The power supply supplies power to the light bulb, and the circuit is now a path.",
"C": "The power supply supplies power to the light bulb, and the capacitor is in a charged state.",
"D": "The power source and the capacitor simultaneously power the light bulb.",
"E": "The capacitor supplies power to the light bulb, and the capacitor is in a discharged state."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_562
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEGb0JVuNvY&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=16
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC_circuit"
],
"rationale": "When the light bulb lights up, the power supply charges the capacitor, and electrons flow through the circuit to form a current. When the light bulb goes out, the capacitor is fully charged, there are no electrons moving in the circuit, and there is no current flowing. So the light bulb will flicker. The correct option is C.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/24.mp4
|
Why does the light bulb flicker in the video?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/24.mp4
|
{
"A": "The capacitor charges instantaneously when the switch is closed, and the light bulb operates independently from the capacitor.",
"B": "The capacitor charges through the light bulb, which acts as a resistor, causing a gradual increase in voltage across the capacitor while the bulb lights up then goes out during the charging process.",
"C": "The capacitor discharges through the light bulb when the switch is closed, resulting in a decreasing voltage across the capacitor and causing the bulb to light up due to the discharge current.",
"D": "The capacitor and the light bulb are connected in parallel, and the capacitor charges directly from the battery without affecting the light bulb's operation.",
"E": "The capacitor charges when the switch is opened due to a sudden change in the magnetic field, and the light bulb lights up because of transient currents in the circuit."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_563
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEGb0JVuNvY&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=16
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor_discharge_ignition",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC_circuit"
],
"rationale": "In the electrical circuit experiment described, when the switch is closed, the light bulb turns on, and the multimeter shows an increasing voltage across the large silver cylinder (capacitor). When the switch is opened, the voltage across the capacitor decreases over time as observed on the multimeter. The observed behavior in the circuit is explained by the capacitor charging through the light bulb, which acts as a resistor. This charging process causes a gradual increase in voltage across the capacitor while the bulb lights up, as current flows through both the bulb and the capacitor. Therefore, B is the correct option.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/24.mp4
|
Which of the following best explains the behavior observed in the circuit?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/24.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_564
|
informal
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2V8-4owXxc
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_communication",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_management",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpersonal_communication"
],
"rationale": "The colleagues are using the informal channel of management communication, as their discussion takes place in a cafe, outside the formal office setting. They are engaged in a face-to-face conversation using verbal and visual communication, indicating a casual yet work-focused interaction characteristic of informal communication channels in management.",
"subject": "Management",
"textbook": "Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry, 7th Edition (Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson, Angelo J. Mariotti)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Management/8.mp4
|
Based on the scenario in the video, they are primarily utilizing the **________** channel of management communication.
|
videos/Management/8.mp4
|
{
"A": "Nine",
"B": "Seven",
"C": "Six",
"D": "Eight",
"E": "Five"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_565
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDgJTQowF-0
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrees_of_freedom_(mechanics)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nondestructive_testing"
],
"rationale": "The NDT robot in the video is a six-axis robot, capable of six degrees of freedom. The robot's base can also move uniaxially during the inspection process, providing an additional degree of freedom for the system. The object being tested is fixed and does not have additional degrees of freedom, so the entire system has a total of seven degrees of freedom.",
"subject": "Materials Science",
"textbook": "Fiber-Reinforced Composites Materials, Manufacturing, and Design, 3rd Edition (P.K. Mallick)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Materials_Science/8.mp4
|
How many degrees of freedom are there in the NDT process?
|
videos/Materials_Science/8.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_566
|
n log n
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bkow6IykGM
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_and_information_visualization",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Algorithms",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis_of_algorithms",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm"
],
"rationale": "The video shows the process of Heap Sort, which divides its input into a sorted and an unsorted region, and it iteratively shrinks the unsorted region by extracting the largest element from it and inserting it into the sorted region. It maintains the unsorted region in a heap data structure to efficiently find the largest element in each step. The worst-case performance of Heap Sort is O(n log n), which is relatively fast in most cases.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/30.mp4
|
The worst-case performance of the shown algorithm is O(_______).
|
videos/Computer_Science/30.mp4
|
{
"A": "Heap sort",
"B": "Quick sort",
"C": "Merge sort",
"D": "Shell sort",
"E": "Insertion sort"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_567
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bkow6IykGM
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_sort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_structure",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm"
],
"rationale": "As showed in the video, the sorting procedure follows these 4 steps, so it is Heap sort (option A). Build Max Heap: Convert the input array into a max heap. Extract Maximum Element: Remove the root element (the maximum element in a max heap) and place it at the end of the array. Restore Heap Property: Reduce the size of the heap by one and restore the heap property by applying the heapify operation on the reduced heap. Repeat: Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the heap size is reduced to one.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/30.mp4
|
What kind of sorting algorithm is used in this video?
|
videos/Computer_Science/30.mp4
|
{
"A": "The algorithm is a stable sorting algorithm, preserving the relative order of equal elements.",
"B": "The algorithm has a worst-case time complexity worse than O(n log n) due to its reliance on heap construction.",
"C": "The algorithm requires additional memory proportional to the input size, resulting in O(n) extra space complexity.",
"D": "The algorithm's performance significantly improves when the input array is nearly sorted.",
"E": "The algorithm's performance is largely unaffected by the initial order of the elements in the array."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_568
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bkow6IykGM
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_sort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-place_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_complexity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm"
],
"rationale": "Heap Sort is not stable, having O(n log n) time complexity and O(1) space complexity. Performance does not improve with nearly sorted data and is unaffected by initial element order, making the statement about unaffected initial order true. Heap Sort does not divide arrays into subarrays like Merge Sort. Therefore, option E is correct.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/30.mp4
|
Based on the behavior of the algorithm as depicted in the video, which of the following statements about the algorithm is true?
|
videos/Computer_Science/30.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_569
|
Hypertension
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xND-fpeuAVE
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertension"
],
"rationale": "The symptoms of nosebleeds, dizziness, vision problems, chest pain, and fatigue, along with retinal changes depicted, suggest hypertension as the underlying condition. Frequent blood pressure measurements in the video support this diagnosis, as hypertension is known to cause such symptoms, particularly affecting the eyes.",
"subject": "Basic Medicine",
"textbook": "Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition (Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Nelson D. Fausto)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Basic_Medicine/16.mp4
|
What is the most likely underlying condition causing these signs?
|
videos/Basic_Medicine/16.mp4
|
{
"A": "Coronary Heart Disease",
"B": "Hypertension",
"C": "Parkinson's disease",
"D": "Chronic Kidney Disease",
"E": "Hyperglycemia"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_570
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xND-fpeuAVE
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertension",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_hypertension",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupus"
],
"rationale": "Hypertension includes several typical symptoms, including nosebleeds, dizziness, fatigue, vision problems, chest pain, etc. Among them, a typical one is retinal disease. Combined with the multiple symptoms in the video, they all point to hypertension.",
"subject": "Basic Medicine",
"textbook": "Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition (Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Nelson D. Fausto)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Basic_Medicine/16.mp4
|
What is this disease based on the typical symptoms of a common disease shown in the video?
|
videos/Basic_Medicine/16.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_571
|
transformational
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQqDJTdpXrs
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership_style",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformational_leadership"
],
"rationale": "The protagonist in the film is Elon Musk, the founder of Tesla and SpaceX. Musk, with his disruptive vision and passion for technological innovation, has driven significant advancements in the fields of electric vehicles and space exploration, inspiring rapid industry growth. Therefore, he exemplifies a transformational leadership style.",
"subject": "Management",
"textbook": "Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry, 7th Edition (Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson, Angelo J. Mariotti)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Management/9.mp4
|
The characters in the video primarily demonstrate a _____ leadership style.
|
videos/Management/9.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_572
|
granular
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T8ypouhfRmo
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamper_(tool)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_compaction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotechnical_engineering",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granular_material"
],
"rationale": "The plate compactor in the video is most effective at compacting granular soils, such as gravel and sand, due to its vibratory action. This method effectively rearranges soil particles, reducing air voids and increasing soil density, which helps minimize future compression from additional loads or foundations.",
"subject": "Civil Engineering",
"textbook": "Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, 9th Edition (Braja M. Das)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Civil_Engineering/18.mp4
|
The machine shown in the video is most effective at compacting _____ soils.
|
videos/Civil_Engineering/18.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_573
|
heat
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gCqVuzcZkJQ
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_cycle",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_engine",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamics"
],
"rationale": "The device functions as a heat engine by converting thermal energy from the liquid into mechanical energy, as suggested by the autonomous spinning of the wheel. This aligns with the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which allows for heat conversion into work between two temperatures. The liquid serves as the energy source for this mechanism.",
"subject": "Thermodynamics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Thermodynamics/7.mp4
|
The model shows the mechanics of a(an) ______ engine.
|
videos/Thermodynamics/7.mp4
|
{
"A": "No. Because the water in the bottle absorbs the energy of the wheel.",
"B": "No. Because there is no external source of energy for the wheel.",
"C": "Yes. Because the water below provides energy to the wheel.",
"D": "Yes. Because wind energy is converted into mechanical energy of the wheel.",
"E": "Yes. Because electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy of the wheel."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_574
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gCqVuzcZkJQ
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_(physics)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_transformation"
],
"rationale": "According to the video, the water temperature measured in the experiment is much higher than the outside temperature. During the rotation of the runner, the piston under the runner moves up and down, and the remaining air pressure in the bottle continuously changes, which allows the water below to provide energy to the wheel for continuous rotation. Therefore, option C is correct.",
"subject": "Thermodynamics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Thermodynamics/7.mp4
|
Can the wheel rotate for a longer period of time and why?
|
videos/Thermodynamics/7.mp4
|
{
"A": "The transparent liquid converts its kinetic energy into the kinetic energy of the wheel, causing it to keep spinning.",
"B": "The ions in the transparent liquid form a galvanic cell environment, converting electrical energy into the mechanical energy of the wheel.",
"C": "The wheel continues to spin due to the conservation of angular momentum in a nearly frictionless environment, with the liquid acting as a lubricant between moving parts.",
"D": "The clear liquid provides a cooling effect that reduces the temperature of the piston, decreasing internal energy and allowing the wheel to spin longer by reducing thermal losses.",
"E": "A temperature difference between the clear liquid and the surrounding air creates a heat engine cycle within the piston mechanism, converting thermal energy into mechanical work."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_575
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gCqVuzcZkJQ
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_cycle",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_engine",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_engine",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanic_cell"
],
"rationale": "The wheel's continued rotation is explained by Option E, where a temperature difference between the clear liquid and surrounding air creates a heat engine cycle within the piston mechanism. This thermodynamic cycle converts thermal energy into mechanical work, enabling the wheel to maintain its motion without further external input.",
"subject": "Thermodynamics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Thermodynamics/7.mp4
|
Which of the following explanations best describes how the wheel continues to spin, and what role does the clear liquid play in this process?
|
videos/Thermodynamics/7.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_576
|
n^2
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9AzYf1W4Os
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merge_sort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divide-and-conquer_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort"
],
"rationale": "As shown in the video, the algorithm follows these three steps:\r\n\r\n1. Partitioning: Select a pivot element from the array (common choices include the first element, the last element, a random element, or the median of three).\r\n2. Reordering: Rearrange the array so that all values smaller than the pivot element appear before the pivot, and all values larger than the pivot appear after it. After this partitioning, the pivot is in its final position. This is called the partition operation.\r\n3. Recursion: Recursively apply the above steps to the subarray of elements with smaller values and the subarray of elements with larger values.\r\n\r\nThus, this describes the Quick Sort algorithm. Its worst-case time complexity is O(n^2).",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/31.mp4
|
The worst-case time complexity of the alogrithm implemented in the video is O(______).
|
videos/Computer_Science/31.mp4
|
{
"A": "insertion sort",
"B": "heap sort",
"C": "merge sort",
"D": "selection sort",
"E": "quick sort"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_577
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9AzYf1W4Os
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divide-and-conquer_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Algorithms",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis_of_algorithms",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort"
],
"rationale": "As showed in the video, the algorithm follows these three steps: Partitioning: Choose a pivot element from the array (common choices include the first element, the last element, a random element, or the median of three). Reorder: Rearrange the array so that all elements with values less than the pivot come before the pivot, while all elements with values greater than the pivot come after it. After this partitioning, the pivot is in its final position. This is called the partition operation. Recursion: Recursively apply the above steps to the sub-array of elements with smaller values and separately to the sub-array of elements with greater values. So it is quick sort, which corresponds to option E.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/31.mp4
|
What kind of sorting algorithm is used in the video?
|
videos/Computer_Science/31.mp4
|
{
"A": "The algorithm in the video combines sorted subarrays by merging, whereas merge sort partitions the array using a pivot.",
"B": "The algorithm in the video has a worst-case time complexity of O(n log n), while merge sort's worst-case time complexity is O(n²).",
"C": "The algorithm in the video consistently divides the array into two equal halves, but merge sort partitions the array unevenly.",
"D": "The algorithm in the video selects a pivot to partition the array, unlike merge sort which divides the array without pivots.",
"E": "The algorithm in the video is a stable sort, whereas merge sort is an unstable sort."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_578
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9AzYf1W4Os
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merge_sort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divide-and-conquer_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort"
],
"rationale": "The algorithm in the video is quick sort, as it uses a pivot (e.g., '5') to partition the array, distinguishing it from merge sort, which divides the array into halves without using pivots. Option D accurately describes this key difference, emphasizing the pivot-based partitioning of quick sort versus the non-pivot division in merge sort.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/31.mp4
|
Which of the following statements accurately describes a key difference between the sorting algorithm demonstrated in the video and Merge Sort?
|
videos/Computer_Science/31.mp4
|
{
"A": "O(n)",
"B": "O(n log n)",
"C": "O(log n)",
"D": "O(n²)",
"E": "O(n³)"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_579
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9AzYf1W4Os
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divide-and-conquer_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_sort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_complexity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort"
],
"rationale": "The video demonstrates the process of Quicksort, which is a divide-and-conquer algorithm. It works by selecting a 'pivot' element from the array and partitioning the other elements into two sub-arrays, according to whether they are less than or greater than the pivot. The worst-case time complexity of Quicksort is O(n^2).",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/31.mp4
|
What is the worst-case time complexity of this algorithm?
|
videos/Computer_Science/31.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_580
|
Lorazepam
|
https://youtu.be/QIZfdQDA-aQ?si=t_QXNKUFMfKkUIEO
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedative",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazepam",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorazepam",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine"
],
"rationale": "The patient in the video collapses and experiences convulsions while playing cards, suggesting symptoms of epilepsy. The first-line intravenous medication for treating epilepsy is Lorazepam, which quickly terminates seizures by enhancing the inhibitory effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).",
"subject": "Pharmacy",
"textbook": "Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry, 7th Edition (Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson, Angelo J. Mariotti)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Pharmacy/16.mp4
|
The drug of choice for terminating the symptom shown in the video is intravenous _______.
|
videos/Pharmacy/16.mp4
|
{
"A": "Omeprazole",
"B": "Phenytoin",
"C": "Lisinopril",
"D": "Simvastatin",
"E": "Metformin"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_581
|
B
|
https://youtu.be/QIZfdQDA-aQ?si=t_QXNKUFMfKkUIEO
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seizure",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticonvulsant",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenytoin"
],
"rationale": "The patient in the video collapses and experiences convulsions while playing cards, suggesting symptoms of epilepsy. Lisinopril - a medication used for high blood pressure, not suitable for the treatment of seizures. Metformin - a medication used for managing type 2 diabetes, unrelated to epilepsy treatment. Omeprazole - a medication used for acid reflux and stomach ulcers, ineffective for seizures. Option B, Phenytoin - this anticonvulsant medication is used to manage and treat seizures, is the correct answer.",
"subject": "Pharmacy",
"textbook": "Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry, 7th Edition (Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson, Angelo J. Mariotti)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Pharmacy/16.mp4
|
Which of the following drugs can relieve and treat this symptom?
|
videos/Pharmacy/16.mp4
|
{
"A": "Syndrome",
"B": "Neoplasia",
"C": "Malformation",
"D": "Disruption",
"E": "Degeneration"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_582
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8ilkAgt5yI
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_biology",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_defect",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_disorder",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphogenesis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiari_malformation"
],
"rationale": "The video shows Mild Chiari I Malformation, which belongs to Malformation, corresponding to option C.",
"subject": "Basic Medicine",
"textbook": "Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition (Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Nelson D. Fausto)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Basic_Medicine/17.mp4
|
Which of the following categories does the disease shown in the video belong to?
|
videos/Basic_Medicine/17.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_583
|
double
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXLPaAxuBkU
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude_modulation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-sideband_suppressed-carrier_transmission",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscilloscope"
],
"rationale": "The video shows the waveform changes displayed on the oscilloscope screen and the related adjustments made by the researcher. It is clearly visible that the oscilloscope displays symmetric upper and lower sidebands, and the amplitude of the triangular wave continues to change.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/13.mp4
|
From the video clip, based on the circuit and the waveform displayed on the screen, it can be observed that ___-bandside modulation technology is used.
|
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/13.mp4
|
{
"A": "the same",
"B": "half",
"C": "twice",
"D": "four times",
"E": "three times"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_584
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXLPaAxuBkU
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-sideband_suppressed-carrier_transmission",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_spectrum",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_modulation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude_modulation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth_(signal_processing)"
],
"rationale": "The video shows the waveform changes displayed on the oscilloscope screen and the relevant adjustments made by the researcher. Through the video clips, it can be seen that double sideband (DSB) modulation was used, and the bandwidth of the signal modulated by this method is twice that of the baseband signal.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/13.mp4
|
After modulation how does the bandwidth of the signal change compared to the original?
|
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/13.mp4
|
{
"A": "The circuit is a pulse width modulator where the duty cycle changes over time, causing the observed waveform transitions.",
"B": "The circuit is a square wave generator whose output is being filtered by an RC low-pass filter, smoothing the waveform into a triangle and eventually a sine wave.",
"C": "The circuit is a relaxation oscillator producing a sawtooth waveform that transitions due to varying capacitance in the circuit.",
"D": "The circuit is a frequency multiplier where harmonics are being generated and filtered, resulting in the observed waveform changes.",
"E": "The circuit is an oscillator that, during startup, exhibits transient responses that evolve into a steady-state sine wave as the components reach their operating conditions."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_585
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXLPaAxuBkU
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_analysis_(electrical_circuits)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscillation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC_circuit",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscilloscope"
],
"rationale": "The video shows the waveform changes displayed on the oscilloscope screen and the relevant adjustments made by the researcher. The circuit is most likely an oscillator that, during startup, transitions from a straight line (no signal) to triangular waves (unstable oscillations) and finally stabilizes into sinusoidal waves as components stabilize. This behavior aligns with the presence of resistors, capacitors, integrated circuits, and a speaker on the PCB, suggesting audio frequency generation. Therefore, option E is correct.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/13.mp4
|
Which of the following is the most plausible explanation for the behavior of the circuit?
|
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/13.mp4
|
{
"A": "A filter circuit converting a DC signal into an AC signal",
"B": "A function generator outputting multiple waveforms sequentially",
"C": "A frequency doubler circuit increasing the frequency of the input signal",
"D": "An RC relaxation oscillator generates triangular waves, filtered into sine waves",
"E": "A mixer circuit combining two frequencies to produce beat frequencies"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_586
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXLPaAxuBkU
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filter_(signal_processing)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxation_oscillator",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_wave",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrary_waveform_generator"
],
"rationale": "The video shows the waveform changes displayed on the oscilloscope screen and the relevant adjustments made by the researcher. The process likely describes an oscillator circuit, where a RC relaxation oscillator starts by generating triangular waves. These are then converted into sine waves through filtering, as suggested by the waveform progression seen on an oscilloscope. Therefore, option D best describes the process occurring in the circuit.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/13.mp4
|
Based on the information presented in the video, which of the following best describes the process occurring in the circuit?
|
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/13.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_587
|
Phenolphthalein
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vxqe_ZOwsHs
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenolphthalein",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH_indicator",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactivity_(chemistry)"
],
"rationale": "The pink-colored liquid added to the beaker is phenolphthalein, a pH indicator. It turns pink in the basic solution formed when the metal reacts with water, producing hydrogen gas and a metal hydroxide. This demonstrates the alkaline nature of the solution, as phenolphthalein is colorless in acidic and neutral solutions, but pink in basic conditions.",
"subject": "Chemistry",
"textbook": "Chemistry, 2nd Edition (Paul Flowers, Klaus Theopold, Richard Langley, William R. Robinson)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Chemistry/7.mp4
|
At the end of the video, the liquid added to the beaker is known as _______.
|
videos/Chemistry/7.mp4
|
{
"A": "Sodium (Na)",
"B": "Magnesium (Mg)",
"C": "Lithium (Li)",
"D": "Aluminum (Al)",
"E": "Iron (Fe)"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_588
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vxqe_ZOwsHs
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenolphthalein",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemistry"
],
"rationale": "Lithium (Li) is the likely element involved. It is soft, reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas and a basic lithium hydroxide solution, and is stored under oil due to reactivity. Unlike sodium, its reaction with water is not vigorous enough to ignite hydrogen gas, explaining why the flame may be extinguished rather than ignited.",
"subject": "Chemistry",
"textbook": "Chemistry, 2nd Edition (Paul Flowers, Klaus Theopold, Richard Langley, William R. Robinson)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Chemistry/7.mp4
|
Based on the observations in the video, which element is most likely involved?
|
videos/Chemistry/7.mp4
|
{
"A": "Nephroblastomatosis",
"B": "Polycystic kidney disease",
"C": "Familial juvenile nephronophthisis",
"D": "Acquired cystic kidney disease",
"E": "Simple cysts"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_589
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4DbDZsws0tA
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycystic_kidney_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_cyst"
],
"rationale": "The video shows the kidney images of patients with polycystic kidney disease, featuring obvious characteristics of 'large multicystic kidney'.",
"subject": "Basic Medicine",
"textbook": "Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition (Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Nelson D. Fausto)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Basic_Medicine/18.mp4
|
What disease does the video show?
|
videos/Basic_Medicine/18.mp4
|
{
"A": "Mutation in the **PKD1** gene encoding polycystin-1 leading to disrupted cell-cell adhesion",
"B": "Mutation in the **PKHD1** gene encoding fibrocystin causing defective ciliary function",
"C": "Mutation in the **TSC1** gene encoding hamartin resulting in cortical tuber formation",
"D": "Deletion of the **VHL** gene leading to increased hypoxia-inducible factor activity",
"E": "Mutation in the **COL4A5** gene encoding type IV collagen affecting basement membranes"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_590
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4DbDZsws0tA
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycystic_kidney_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_cyst",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycystin_1"
],
"rationale": "The patient's clinical presentation, including renal and hepatic cysts, hypertension, and family history of end-stage renal disease, suggests Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD). ADPKD is most commonly caused by mutations in the PKD1 gene, which encodes polycystin-1. Thus, a mutation in the PKD1 gene is the most likely genetic mutation responsible for this condition.",
"subject": "Basic Medicine",
"textbook": "Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition (Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Nelson D. Fausto)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Basic_Medicine/18.mp4
|
Which of the following genetic mutations is most likely responsible for this patient's clinical presentation?
|
videos/Basic_Medicine/18.mp4
|
{
"A": "The patient is homozygous for a PKD1 mutation.",
"B": "The patient is heterozygous for a PKD1 mutation.",
"C": "The patient is homozygous for a PKD2 mutation.",
"D": "The patient is heterozygous for a PKD2 mutation.",
"E": "The patient's genotype cannot be determined."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_591
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4DbDZsws0tA
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycystic_kidney_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycystin_1"
],
"rationale": "The analysis of the patient's age of onset for ESRD compared to PKD1 and PKD2 mutations suggests that genotype determination based solely on age is difficult. Given the rarity of homozygosity in PKD mutations and variability in disease progression, the most accurate conclusion is that the patient's genotype cannot be determined without further genetic testing, corresponding to the option E.",
"subject": "Basic Medicine",
"textbook": "Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition (Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Nelson D. Fausto)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Basic_Medicine/18.mp4
|
Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding this patient's genotype?
|
videos/Basic_Medicine/18.mp4
|
{
"A": "The wig gets electric charge from the spherical shell, and different hair strands with the same electric charge repel each other.",
"B": "The wig gets electric charges through friction, and different hair strands with the same charge repel each other.",
"C": "The strong wind in the environment blows the wig into this shape.",
"D": "Too dry air causes the electrons in the wig to transfer into the air.",
"E": "Charge transfer occurs between different hair strands of the wig, and different hair strands carry different charges."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_592
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtldfxKipJk&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=23
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_electricity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%27s_law"
],
"rationale": "This phenomenon is caused by the accumulation of charges of the same polarity on the wig. The wig obtains electric charge from the spherical shell, and different hair strands with the same electric charge repel each other, resulting in the observed effect. Therefore, the option A is correct.",
"subject": "Electrical Engineering",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/22.mp4
|
Why does the wig appear as shown in the video?
|
videos/Electrical_Engineering/22.mp4
|
{
"A": "The introduced stick causes the hair strands to be grounded; upon contact, the hair strands discharge and revert to their original position.",
"B": "The electric field from the stick ionizes the air around the hair strands, allowing electrons to transfer and reverse the charge on the hairs, causing temporary attraction.",
"C": "The presence of the stick enhances the electric field around the wig, increasing the electrostatic forces and causing the hair strands to be momentarily attracted before repelling again.",
"D": "The hair strands are attracted to the stick because it emits charges opposite to those on the hairs, and upon balancing the charges, the hairs return to their prior position.",
"E": "The stick causes a redistribution of charges within the hair strands, leading to dipole formation that results in temporary attraction followed by repulsion when the dipoles diminish."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_593
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtldfxKipJk&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=23
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_de_Graaff_generator",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_electricity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_(electricity)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge"
],
"rationale": "The behavior of hair strands in the Van de Graaff generator demonstration is best explained by electrostatic induction (Option A). The grounded object induces opposite charges, attracting the charged strands, which then discharge partially, reducing repulsion. Elastic forces and gravity help strands return to their position after partial neutralization. Other options incorrectly describe complete neutralization, air ionization, or charge emission.",
"subject": "Electrical Engineering",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/22.mp4
|
Which of the following best explains the behavior of the hair strands when the stick held in the hand is introduced?
|
videos/Electrical_Engineering/22.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_594
|
spring-crank
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rww3p3c4ewY
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanism_(engineering)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiometer",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slider-crank_linkage"
],
"rationale": "The mechanism shown converts rotational motion of the crank into linear motion of the plunger and is identified as a spring-crank mechanism. It involves a crank, connecting link, plunger, and fixed link, where the rotating crank causes vertical motion of the plunger, fitting the description of a spring-crank mechanism used in mechanical engineering.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Industrial Automation: An Engineering Approach"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/1.mp4
|
The mechanism shown in the video is known as a **________** mechanism.
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_595
|
hydrophones
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QqiNYA0KQA
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismology",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophone",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_data_acquisition",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection_seismology"
],
"rationale": "The video depicts a ship using submerged vertical components to conduct a marine survey by detecting seismic waves reflected from seabed layers. These components are hydrophones, underwater devices that convert sound waves into electrical signals, commonly used in seismic surveys for data collection about the seabed.",
"subject": "Civil Engineering",
"textbook": "Engineering Geology and Construction (Fred G. Bell)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Civil_Engineering/19.mp4
|
At the beginning of the video, some sensors can be seen at the rear of the vessel. Based on the detection method shown in the video, these underwater sensors are referred to as ________.
|
videos/Civil_Engineering/19.mp4
|
{
"A": "Gravitational methods",
"B": "Resistivity methods",
"C": "Electromagnetic methods",
"D": "Seismic methods",
"E": "Ground-penetrating radar"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_596
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QqiNYA0KQA
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground-penetrating_radar",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_refraction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistivity_tomography",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection_seismology",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_exploration"
],
"rationale": "The video demonstrates the generation of waves using a boomer, which penetrate different subsurface layers, reflect back, and are collected by a receiver array. When seismic waves pass from one layer to another, some energy is reflected back to the surface while the remainder is refracted. Therefore, the method used is Seismic methods, corresponding to the option D. Other options fail to correctly identify the process shown in the video. While Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) operates on similar principles, it is generally not used for exploring deeper subsurface layers, which can lead to confusion.",
"subject": "Civil Engineering",
"textbook": "Engineering Geology and Construction (Fred G. Bell)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Civil_Engineering/19.mp4
|
Which method is used for indirect exploration of subsurface conditions
|
videos/Civil_Engineering/19.mp4
|
{
"A": "Exploration for hydrocarbon deposits to support offshore oil and gas development.",
"B": "Mapping of seabed habitats to enhance marine biodiversity conservation efforts.",
"C": "Assessment of potential sites for submarine cable routing for telecommunications infrastructure.",
"D": "Planning of dredging operations for harbor deepening and maintenance.",
"E": "Evaluation of seabed conditions for the installation of tidal energy extraction systems."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_597
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QqiNYA0KQA
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbon_exploration",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection_seismology",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dredging",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offshore_drilling",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_data_acquisition",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_geology"
],
"rationale": "The video demonstrates the generation of waves using a boomer, which penetrate different subsurface layers, reflect, and are collected by a receiver array, indicating the use of Seismic methods. This method provides high-resolution imaging and multi-layer geological analysis. Detailed subsurface data is crucial for identifying oil and gas reservoirs, making this the most likely primary objective compared to other options, such as wind farm or submarine cable planning, which do not require such intricate geological details. Therefore, the option A is the most possible primary objective.",
"subject": "Civil Engineering",
"textbook": "Engineering Geology and Construction (Fred G. Bell)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Civil_Engineering/19.mp4
|
Based on the marine survey described in the video, which engineering application is most likely the primary objective of this physical exploration to ensure safe and efficient project planning in the marine environment?
|
videos/Civil_Engineering/19.mp4
|
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
}
|
open-ended
|
validation_598
|
Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lr-82ey1_I&t=86s
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophagus",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartburn"
],
"rationale": "The animation depicts the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus, resulting in heartburn. This process is characterized by the upward movement of stomach acid and is associated with Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD), a condition where heartburn is a primary symptom.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/19.mp4
|
Based on the situation depicted in the animation, this condition is referred to as _____.
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/19.mp4
|
{
"A": "2:1",
"B": "30:9",
"C": "3:1",
"D": "4:3",
"E": "21:9"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_599
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6dOxV0HjUA
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Grand_Budapest_Hotel",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmmaking",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(image)"
],
"rationale": "As we can see from the video, this clip is taken from the movie 'The Grand Budapest Hotel', and the content of the clip focuses on close-ups of characters, so the most suitable aspect ratio is non-widescreen. The option that best fits the non-widescreen screen ratio is 4:3, corresponding to option D.",
"subject": "Art",
"textbook": "The Filmmaker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for the Digital Age, 5th Edition (Steven Ascher, Edward Pincus)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Art/7.mp4
|
What kind of size of screen is best fit for the movie showed in the video?
|
videos/Art/7.mp4
|
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