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Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: The 2-cell murine embryo bioassay as quality control for human in vitro fertilization (IVF) was used to evaluate the effects of protein supplements, medium aging, and surgical glove coatings. Ham's F-10 medium (GIBCO, Grand Island, NY) without protein supplementation supported growth of the 2-cell embryos to blastocysts. Addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA), fetal cord serum (FCS), or maternal serum (MS) did not enhance or reduce the blastulation rates (medium alone, 89.4%; BSA, 86.4%; FCS, 90%; MS, 74.7%). Unsupplemented Ham's F-10 medium was found to contain three major peaks of approximately 50,000 daltons and several minor peaks, analyzed on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and sodium sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), suggesting the presence of protein(s) in the medium itself. The storing of medium up to 425 days at 4 degrees C affected neither the HPLC profile nor its ability to support embryo growth (blastulation rates: fresh, 84%; stored 150 to 425 days, 77.7%). The coating of surgical gloves affected embryo growth. Both talc-coated (TC) and "talc-free," starch-coated (SC) surgical gloves were found to be progressively embryotoxic when they touched the medium for increasing lengths of time, compared with uncoated latex (UL) gloves and untouched control medium. Quality control of medium preparation and handling in murine embryo bioassay is reemphasized, with requirements for protein supplementation, use of fresh medium, and possible contamination with even talc-free, SC surgical gloves reevaluated.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Factors influencing murine embryo bioassay: effects of proteins, aging of medium, and surgical glove coatings. option2: Policies of U.S. medical schools on the use of the NBME Part I and Part II examinations.
Output:
|
Factors influencing murine embryo bioassay: effects of proteins, aging of medium, and surgical glove coatings.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: A considerable amount of literature has been devoted to compromise of the right ventricle in spontaneous myocardial infarction. Little information is available regarding disproportionate dysfunction of the right ventricle associated with cardiac operation and the recovery period therefrom. Recognition of the problem is of paramount importance, if support measures are to be implemented. A great deal has yet to be learned regarding the appropriate support for the acutely failing right ventricle. Much remains to be accomplished regarding the assessment of right ventricle reserve, defining the role of risk factors, and quantitating the value of measures to optimally protect the right ventricle from injury during the perioperative period. Recognizing that the integrity of the right ventricle can be altered by numerous preoperative, perioperative and postoperative factors will provide an enlightened disposition on the part of the surgical team. Awareness of these considerations in the planning and conduct of surgical procedures should reduce morbidity and mortality from perioperative right ventricular failure. The imposition of new or unexpected morbidity during operation on a relatively unrelated problem represents surgical imperfection. Appropriate effort toward minimizing insult of the right ventricle could result in significantly decreasing the incidence and severity of perioperative right ventricular failure before the impetus of the continuing clinical problem dictates improvement in techniques to more appropriately treat this frequently preventable problem.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Perioperative right heart failure: etiology and pathophysiology. option2: Characteristics and occurrence of appendicitis in the black population in Johannesburg, South Africa.
Output:
|
Perioperative right heart failure: etiology and pathophysiology.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: Ethane washout during low tidal volume (25-100 ml) high-frequency (3-40 Hz) ventilation (HFV) was studied in seven excised dog lungs. The lungs were initially equilibrated with 1% ethane, and then the concentration of ethane was monitored by mass spectrometry from multiple anatomic sites along the tracheobronchial tree during washout. We observed that the lung changed from a uniform distribution of ethane concentrations to a nonuniform distribution by a three-phase process. The first phase was nearly complete within the first 15 s and probably corresponds to concentration gradients being established in the central airways. During the second phase of washout, which lasted for several minutes, the concentrations in the various alveolar regions diverged. In the final phase, the regional concentrations remained at fixed ratios, and washout from all sites in the lung was at a constant fractional rate. These data are consistent with a model in which the duration of the second phase and the magnitude of the regional concentration differences established in this phase are dependent on both the magnitude of differences between regional transport paths and the nature of regional coupling by a common transport path to the airway opening.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Nonuniformity of canine lung washout by high-frequency ventilation. option2: Migraine: many things to many patients [news]
Student:
|
Nonuniformity of canine lung washout by high-frequency ventilation.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: An ischemic forearm test with simultaneous measurement of both lactate and ammonia can be used as a screening method for myoadenylate deaminase deficiency (MADD) and for various glyco(geno)lytic defects. A standardized and a nonstandardized test have been compared in a group of 186 patients with exertional myalgia. Standardization of the ischemic forearm test has led to greater yields of both lactate and ammonia in venous return blood of patients and controls. The sensitivity of the proposed test procedure in detecting MADD patients was 100%, whereas the specificity amounted to 98.8% among exertional myalgia patients.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Improvement of screening in exertional myalgia with a standardized ischemic forearm test. option2: Bone erosion in synovial chondromatosis.
|
Improvement of screening in exertional myalgia with a standardized ischemic forearm test.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Maquet recommended 2-2.5 cm of anterior tibial tubercle elevation for patients with symptomatic osteoarthrosis of the patellofemoral joint. Fifty-three patients with osteoarthrosis were divided into three groups. The first 12 patients were treated by the classical Maquet procedure; 11 were totally relieved of patellofemoral pain, but there was one failure and five complications. In the second group of 32 patients, the patella was realigned within its groove to alter tracking of the patella to the proximal femoral condyles when necessary. Fish-mouthing technique and insertion of a drain after surgery were done. After a two-year follow-up examination, there were two failures and five complications. A third group of nine patients was treated with Ferguson's modification of Maquet's operation using a 1.25-cm tibial tubercle elevation through a transverse incision; two of the nine had complications, subsequently treated successfully by converting Ferguson's operation into the Maquet operation, as modified for Group II. The modified Maquet procedure can be an effective and reliable treatment of patellofemoral arthrosis with a relatively low incidence of complications.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The Maquet procedure--anterior displacement of the tibial tubercle. Indications, contraindications, and precautions. option2: A formula for scoring human embryo growth rates in in vitro fertilization: its value in predicting pregnancy and in comparison with visual estimates of embryo quality.
Output:
|
The Maquet procedure--anterior displacement of the tibial tubercle. Indications, contraindications, and precautions.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: We evaluated certain histochemical tests for their ability to detect premalignant mucosa in the dimethylhydrazine model of colonic carcinogenesis. Biweekly colonoscopic biopsies of the descending colon were performed for 29 wk in control and dimethylhydrazine-treated rats. Biopsy specimens of the splenic flexure, rectum, and any visualized tumors were taken. The specimens were stained with periodic acid-Schiff to detect neutral mucins, high-iron diamine alcian blue to detect sialylated and sulfated mucins, fluoresceinated peanut agglutinin, and fluoresceinated Ulex europeus agglutinin. None of the first three tests consistently detected premalignant mucosa. However, Ulex europeus agglutinin, which bound to only 3% of control biopsy specimens throughout the course of the study, bound to increasing numbers of biopsy specimens in the dimethylhydrazine-treated animals, reaching a maximum of 90% positivity by 13-16 wk. Moreover, Ulex europeus agglutinin bound strongly to all biopsy specimens from tissues adjacent to tumors and to 93% of tumors. Mucosal atrophy and focal dysplasia were present more frequently in specimens taken from the rectum (but not the splenic flexure) of dimethylhydrazine-treated animals than of control animals, but there was no correlation between the histochemical markers and either atrophy or dysplasia. We conclude that Ulex europeus agglutinin binding is a consistent feature of premalignant colonic mucosa in dimethylhydrazine-treated rats.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Serial observations of colonic carcinogenesis in the rat. Premalignant mucosa binds Ulex europeus agglutinin. option2: Hemorrhage associated with major pelvic fracture: a multispecialty challenge.
|
Serial observations of colonic carcinogenesis in the rat. Premalignant mucosa binds Ulex europeus agglutinin.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: To determine the effect of hydration on the early osmotic and intravascular volume and endocrine responses to water immersion the hematocrit, hemoglobin, plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma electrolyte, aldosterone (PA), and vasopressin (PVP) concentrations were measured during immersion following 24-h dehydration; these were compared with corresponding values following rapid rehydration. Six men and one woman (age 23-46 yr) underwent 45 min of standing immersion to the neck preceded by 45-min standing without immersion, first dehydrated, and then 105 min later after rehydration with water. Immersion caused an isotonic expansion of the plasma volume (P less than 0.001), which occurred independently of hydration status. Suppression of PRA (P less than 0.001) and PA (P less than 0.001) during both immersions also occurred independently of hydration status. Suppression of plasma vasopressin was observed during dehydrated immersion (P less than 0.001) but not during rehydrated immersion. It is concluded that plasma tonicity is not a factor influencing PVP suppression during water immersion.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Effect of hydration on plasma volume and endocrine responses to water immersion. option2: Leads from the MMWR. Smoking and health: a national status report.
|
Effect of hydration on plasma volume and endocrine responses to water immersion.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: 164 patients with early cancer of the lungs, i.e., without extrathoracic spread or distant metastasis, were examined. Subjective and objective characteristics of the pain were studied. A correlation was found between the location of the neoplasm, the location of the pain and the characteristics of the sensory changes. These observations may be a useful contribution to the early diagnosis of primary carcinomas of the lungs.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Pain in early cancer of the lungs. option2: Partitioning of the L4-L5 dynamic moment into disc, ligamentous, and muscular components during lifting.
Solution:
|
Pain in early cancer of the lungs.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Six subjects (25.3 +/- 3.3 yr, mean +/- SD) exercised for 60 min at 42 +/- 4 [low (L)], 55 +/- 6 [moderate (M)], and 67 +/- 4 %VO2max [high (H)] in a moderate environment. Sweat collected from upper back (UB), lower back (LB), midchest (MC), stomach (S), and thigh (T) areas as well as by whole-body washdown (W) was analyzed for urea nitrogen (N). With the exception of the L where all regional measures were similar, all sites overestimated W (several significantly, P less than 0.05). Regression analysis estimations of W (mg/h) from regional collections were as follows--L: W = 0.727 (S) - 1.366(UB) + 1.181(T) + 65.470 +/- 29.5, R = 0.90; M: W = 0.598(MC) - 0.649(UB) + 0.244(LB) + 43.238 +/- 30.4, R = 0.99; H: W = 0.274(S) - 0.560(T) + 0.223(MC) + 131.104 +/- 4.3, R = 0.99; All Intensities: W = 0.497(MC) - 0.483(T) + 0.112(LB) + 69.554 +/- 31.5, R = 0.96. W recovery of exogenous urea N applied to each subject's body was 98.3 +/- 2.7% (mean +/- SE). Interinvestigator reliability coefficient (r = 0.511) was significant (P less than 0.01) but relatively low and the between investigator urea N recovery (93.3 +/- 3.7 vs. 103.2 +/- 3.5%) was significantly different (P less than 0.05). Repeated W determinations by the same investigator were not different (P greater than 0.05), but intrainvestigator reliability coefficients differed widely (0.385 vs. 0.820). Together, these data indicate that W solute recovery can be high; however, both inter- and intrainvestigator reliability can vary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Validity/reliability of sweat analysis by whole-body washdown vs. regional collections. option2: An unusual site of presentation for Hodgkin's disease in the middle ear.
A:
|
Validity/reliability of sweat analysis by whole-body washdown vs. regional collections.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) levels following a brief high-intensity bout of exercise. Each subject (n = 6) performed a 1-min bout of exercise on a cycle ergometer at 120% of his maximum O2 uptake. Blood samples were collected at rest, immediately following the exercise bout, and at 5, 15, and 30 min postexercise. Mean (+/- SE) plasma ACTH levels increased significantly (P less than 0.05) from 2.2 +/- 0.4 pmol/l at rest to 6.2 +/- 1.7 pmol/l immediately following exercise. Mean (+/- SE) plasma cortisol levels increased significantly from 0.40 +/- 0.04 mumol/l at rest to 0.52 +/- 0.04 mumol/l at 15 min postexercise. These data show that brief high-intensity exercise results in significant increases in plasma cortisol and ACTH levels. Furthermore, the temporal sequence between the two hormones suggests that the increase in plasma cortisol levels following brief high-intensity exercise is the result of ACTH-induced steroidogenesis in the adrenal cortex.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Plasma adrenocorticotropin and cortisol responses to brief high-intensity exercise in humans. option2: Attractive method for battery removal [letter]
A:
|
Plasma adrenocorticotropin and cortisol responses to brief high-intensity exercise in humans.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Effective tocolytic therapy depends on the ability to make an early diagnosis of preterm labor. This study was designed to assess whether daily ambulatory home monitoring of uterine activity could facilitate early diagnosis of preterm labor. Of 76 patients at high risk for preterm labor who used daily ambulatory tocodynamometry, approximately half developed preterm labor. Evaluation when the diagnosis of preterm labor was first established has shown that in 8% of the patients the cervix was dilated more than 2 cm, shortened to less than 0.5 cm in 23%, and the fetal membranes were intact in all subjects. The same evaluation in 76 nonrandom contemporary controls matched for risk factors, maternal age, and parity has shown that more than 50% had a cervix dilated more than 2 cm, 38% had a cervix shorter than 0.5 cm, and 24% had rupture of the fetal membranes. Ultimately, 88% of the monitored patients and 59% of controls delivered at term. Comparisons between these groups indicate that intermittent home tocodynamometry may indeed be useful in making the early diagnosis of preterm labor.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Detection of preterm labor by ambulatory monitoring of uterine activity: a preliminary report. option2: Unrecognized esophageal placement of endotracheal tubes.
Output:
|
Detection of preterm labor by ambulatory monitoring of uterine activity: a preliminary report.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Primary leptomeningeal gliomas are rare. Historically, they have been found in the spinal canal more frequently; however, in the recent literature nearly all have been found within the cranium. In the only cadaveric study of leptomeningeal glial nests, the most frequent site was the medulla and pons. Until now, no leptomeningeal glioma has been found at this site. We report what we believe to be the first such case mimicking an acoustic neuroma.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Primary leptomeningeal glioma mimicking an acoustic neuroma: case report with review of the literature. option2: Microbial synergy [letter]
Output:
|
Primary leptomeningeal glioma mimicking an acoustic neuroma: case report with review of the literature.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: A controlled prospective study to evaluate the efficacy of expired ipecac syrup was conducted at two regional poison control centers in New England. During a 6-month period, 200 study patients treated with expired ipecac syrup and 200 control patients treated with unexpired ipecac syrup were evaluated. There were no statistical differences between the control and study groups in patient characteristics (age and sex) and product characteristics (general class, emetic potential, pretreatment, previously opened bottles, and manufacturer). In both control and study groups, emesis occurred in 100% of cases with 90% of patients vomiting with the first dose. The mean time to emesis was 24.7 minutes and 24.8 minutes in the study and control groups, respectively. Expired preparations ranged from 1 month to greater than 4 years postexpiration, with the duration of expiration not altering the mean time to emesis. Mean time to emesis between the two groups was also not affected by manufacturer, pretreatment with milk, or whether the ipecac syrup bottle was previously opened. We conclude that expired ipecac syrup (up to 4 years postexpiration date) is an effective emetic.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Expired ipecac syrup efficacy. option2: Posterior pharyngostomy as a new approach to an old problem.
Solution:
|
Expired ipecac syrup efficacy.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: Galanin immunoreactivity was measured by RIA, using antibodies directed against both the non-C- and C-terminal positions of porcine galanin, in tissue extracts of normal adrenals and pheochromocytomas and also in the plasma of normal subjects and patients with pheochromocytomas. No C-terminal galanin-like immunoreactivity was detected in plasma or tissue, suggesting differences in the amino acid sequence of human compared with porcine galanin. A non-C-terminally directed antibody was, therefore, used to characterize human galanin immunoreactivity by gel permeation chromatography and reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography and to localize it by immunocytochemistry. The galanin content of whole adrenal gland was 2.6 +/- 0.9 (+/- SEM) pmol/g (n = 5). In contrast, however, pheochromocytomas had much greater concentrations (21 +/- 2.3 pmol/g; n = 16). Gel chromatography and reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography revealed 2 molecular forms of galanin immunoreactivity with identical elution positions in both normal adrenals and tumors. The concentration of galanin in plasma from both normal subjects and pheochromocytoma patients was below the detection limit of the assay (less than 10 pmol/liter). Using immunocytochemistry, galanin was localized to scattered cells or clusters of tumor cells in 5 of 11 pheochromocytomas and only a few chromaffin cells and cortical nerve fibers in normal adrenals.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Localization and molecular forms of galanin in human adrenals: elevated levels in pheochromocytomas. option2: Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.
Student:
|
Localization and molecular forms of galanin in human adrenals: elevated levels in pheochromocytomas.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: A [99mTc]RBC study in a 63-yr-old man showed intrahepatic lesions which initially had less activity than surrounding liver tissue. When viewed 3 hr later, these had "reversed" and the lesions revealed increased uptake of the radiolabeled red cells. Some extrahepatic areas showed the same pattern (these were in the mesentery of the small bowel). The lesions proved to be angiosarcomas. Hence, the behavior of labeled red cells in these angiosarcomas mimicked that in benign hemangiomas.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Hepatic angiosarcoma: mimicking of angioma on three-phase technetium-99m red blood cell scintigraphy. option2: Is the corneal posterior cell layer truly endothelial?
Output:
|
Hepatic angiosarcoma: mimicking of angioma on three-phase technetium-99m red blood cell scintigraphy.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Double-lumen endobronchial tubes were placed "blindly" in 23 patients undergoing thoracotomy. Clinical criteria suggested satisfactory positioning in all cases; however, subsequent fibreoptic bronchoscopy revealed malposition in 48%. Bronchoscopic findings included the inability to view the bronchial cuff, narrowing of the bronchial lumen of the tube at the level of the cuff and herniation of the cuff over the carina. The potential hazards associated with these findings are discussed.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Placement of double-lumen endobronchial tubes. Correlation between clinical impressions and bronchoscopic findings. option2: Where's the spot?
|
Placement of double-lumen endobronchial tubes. Correlation between clinical impressions and bronchoscopic findings.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: Glycolic acid is the ethylene glycol (EG) metabolite that accumulates in the highest concentrations in the blood and may be the major contributing factor to the acute toxicity of EG. Serum and urine levels of glycolic acid have been found to correlate directly with clinical symptoms and mortality in poisoning cases, making it a valuable diagnostic tool. A high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for quantitation of glycolic acid in serum was used in several cases of EG ingestion presented to the Louisiana Regional Poison Control Center. The data collected in this study support the value of glycolic acid determination for diagnosis and evaluation of patients poisoned by EG.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Ethylene glycol poisoning. The value of glycolic acid determinations for diagnosis and treatment. option2: Developmental approach to preventing the sexual abuse of children.
Student:
|
Ethylene glycol poisoning. The value of glycolic acid determinations for diagnosis and treatment.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: When right ventricular failure prohibits separation from cardiopulmonary bypass, standard methods of increasing pulmonary blood flow should be employed, including correction of hypoxia and acidosis, volume loading, and inotropic support of the right ventricle. Infusion of pulmonary vasodilators--particularly low-dose nitroprusside--should be used if the pulmonary vascular resistance is elevated. If pulmonary blood flow remains unsatisfactory, systemic intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation should be employed. In refractory cases, right-atrial-to-pulmonary-artery bypass using the Bio-Medicus centrifugal pump is the recommended therapy for those centers that do not have the Pierce-Donachy pneumatic ventricular assist-pump available. For refractory right ventricular failure following the surgical repair of congenital cardiac defects in which the placement of right atrial and pulmonary artery cannulae is not technically feasible, use of high-frequency high-volume ventilation appears to be quite promising. Utilization of pulmonary artery counterpulsation or the creation of an atrial septal defect may also be lifesaving, but is not recommended as the therapy of choice.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Perioperative right heart failure: treatment. option2: Circulating interferon-like activity in inflammatory bowel disease.
Student:
|
Perioperative right heart failure: treatment.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Purified porcine relaxin (3000 U/mg) was administered im (RLX-IM; 1 mg; n = 2) and in the cervical os (RLX-OS; 1 mg; n = 2) on day 273 (approximately 10 days before parturition normally occurs) of gestation to determine the profiles of immunoreactive relaxin and its effects on progesterone, estrone (E1), and 17 beta-estradiol (17 beta-E2) secretion in peripheral blood plasma of beef heifers. Controls received either 0.01 M PBS (1 ml, im; n = 2) or 0.01 M gel-PBS (gel; 1 ml, os; n = 2) in cervical os. One relaxin-treated (im) heifer calved at 4 h and 36 min after treatment; thus, data from this heifer were not included in subsequent analysis. Relaxin-treated heifers showed an acute elevation in relaxin, a precipitous decrease in progesterone, and a significant (P less than 0.05) elevation of E1 and 17 beta-E2. Plasma relaxin levels were 4.95, 1.5, and 0.24 ng/ml at 0.5 h in RLX-IM, RLX-OS, and control animals, respectively. Peripheral plasma relaxin peaked between 23-31 ng/ml 1-2.5 h before returning to less than 0.5 ng/ml 5-12 h after treatment. Relaxin administration accounted for 70%, 73%, and 58% of the progesterone, E1, and 17 beta-E2 variability between treatments, respectively. An abrupt decrease (P less than 0.01) in progesterone preceded the rises (P less than 0.05) in E1 and 17 beta-E2 at 1.5, 2-2.5, and 2-3.5 h, respectively. Maximum progesterone deviations from the pretreatment mean concentration were -5.43, -3.05, and -0.92 ng/ml for RLX-IM, RLX-OS, and controls. Progesterone rebounded from 36% to 61% and 62% to 79% of respective pretreatment means for RLX-IM and RLX-OS. Peak elevation of E1 was 407.3, 306.5, and 71.5 pg/ml and that of 17 beta-E2 was 82.2, 35.8, and 7.8 ng/ml for RLX-IM, RLX-OS, and controls, respectively. These results provide strong evidence that a pharmacological dosage of relaxin induces an acute depression of progesterone secretion beginning within 90 min in beef heifers during late pregnancy. We suggest that these early and marked luteolytic effects of relaxin on progesterone secretion in cattle could be by direct or indirect actions via mechanisms that are yet unknown.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Acute decrease in progesterone and increase in estrogen secretion caused by relaxin during late pregnancy in beef heifers. option2: Renal handling of technetium-99m DMSA: further evidence for glomerular filtration and proximal tubular reabsorption [letter]
|
Acute decrease in progesterone and increase in estrogen secretion caused by relaxin during late pregnancy in beef heifers.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: The measurement of subjective pain intensity continues to be important to both researchers and clinicians. Although several scales are currently used to assess the intensity construct, it remains unclear which of these provides the most precise, replicable, and predictively valid measure. Five criteria for judging intensity scales have been considered in previous research: ease of administration of scoring; relative rates of incorrect responding; sensitivity as defined by the number of available response categories; sensitivity as defined by statistical power; and the magnitude of the relationship between each scale and a linear combination of pain intensity indices. In order to judge commonly used pain intensity measures, 75 chronic pain patients were asked to rate 4 kinds of pain (present, least, most, and average) using 6 scales. The utility and validity of the scales was judged using the criteria listed above. The results indicate that, for the present sample, the scales yield similar results in terms of the number of subjects who respond correctly to them and their predictive validity. However, when considering the remaining 3 criteria, the 101-point numerical rating scale appears to be the most practical index.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The measurement of clinical pain intensity: a comparison of six methods. option2: Occipito-cervico-thoracic spine fusion in a patient with occipito-cervical dislocation and survival.
Output:
|
The measurement of clinical pain intensity: a comparison of six methods.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: In the radial hemolysis test for rubella virus-specific antibodies, sera obtained shortly after primary rubella produce a characteristically altered hemolysis zone, termed soft hemolysis. The occurrence of soft hemolysis was analyzed statistically in 6,723 sera. The specificity of soft hemolysis for infection with rubella virus was 99.0%. Its sensitivity in primary infections was 97.3%, and the predictive value for rubella serodiagnosis (increase in IgG level or detectable IgM) was 91.2%. The temporal association of soft hemolysis with rubella was determined with sera obtained from 129 persons during late convalescence (70-310 days after onset of symptoms). Soft hemolysis disappeared by 190 days after the onset of symptoms and the presence of ordinary hemolysis ruled out primary rubella in the preceding 70-100 days. Soft hemolysis was caused by IgG antibody to rubella virus, and thus represents a new serodiagnostic principle. This technique, together with an Igm assay, allows rapid diagnosis of recent rubella from a single serum sample.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Single-serum radial hemolysis to detect recent rubella virus infection. option2: Auditory brain stem responses in the prognosis of late postconcussional symptoms and neuropsychological dysfunction after minor head injury.
Solution:
|
Single-serum radial hemolysis to detect recent rubella virus infection.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: Five hemodialysis patients were treated with combined hemodialysis-hemoperfusion with their conventional hemodialyzer plus a 70-gram ultrathin collodion coated activated charcoal device for a total of 63 months. Indications for this therapy included pericarditis, peripheral neuropathy, clotting of conventional hemodialyzers and reduction of dialysis time and frequency. The outcome was beneficial in all cases and stable biochemical and hematological parameters were maintained. No increase in heparin requirements was noted and the therapy was thought to be cost-effective.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Routine clinical applications of hemodialysis-hemoperfusion in chronic renal failure: case reports. option2: Adrenal insufficiency due to cryptococcosis.
Solution:
|
Routine clinical applications of hemodialysis-hemoperfusion in chronic renal failure: case reports.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: A simple method of radiological assessment has been used to measure the angle between the long axis of the humeral shaft and the growth plate of the capitellum (the Baumann angle). In the normal arm a significant relationship was found between the Baumann angle and the carrying angle. The Baumann angle was also measured after reduction of supracondylar fractures of the humerus and was found to correlate well with the final carrying angle measured at follow-up. There was no significant difference between the Baumann angle after reduction and that measured at follow-up; and it is suggested that this angle after reduction can be reliably used to predict accurately the final carrying angle.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Supracondylar fractures of the humerus. Assessment of cubitus varus by the Baumann angle. option2: Update on diagnostic techniques.
|
Supracondylar fractures of the humerus. Assessment of cubitus varus by the Baumann angle.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The concentration of interferon-alpha was measured by a specific two-site immunoradiometric assay in a variety of fluids and tissues collected during human pregnancy. Maternal blood and blood and tissues from non-pregnant adults contained little or no interferon-alpha. Fetal blood, fetal organs, placenta, membranes, amniotic fluid and decidua all contained significant and roughly equivalent amounts ranging from 1.1 to 10 u/ml (or per g of tissue). These findings demonstrate that the fetus and its immediate surroundings are permeated with interferon. It is suggested that this may play a role in regulation of the maternal-fetal graft relation.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Alpha interferon in human pregnancy. option2: Fifteen year mortality in Coronary Drug Project patients: long-term benefit with niacin.
|
Alpha interferon in human pregnancy.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: A case report of acute flank pain with reversible renal failure in a young adult after taking three doses of suprofen is presented. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine values returned to normal from significantly elevated levels on admission.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Suprofen-induced acute renal failure. option2: Skin avulsion during oscillometry.
Output:
|
Suprofen-induced acute renal failure.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: While the ambiguity of suicidal patients' stated motivations has been studied in some detail, less attention has been given to the changeability of their motivations. Twenty-six patients who had taken an overdose of paraquat, a highly lethal herbicide, were questioned about their motivation at the time of admission and 24 hours and 3, 7 and 10 days later. Although 25 patients claimed that they wished to die at the time of admission, all of the 14 surviving patients wished to live at the time of discharge from hospital. Of the 12 patients who died, 6 stated that they no longer wished to die in the last interview before their death. During the following year 3 of the 14 surviving patients killed themselves. The findings emphasize the importance of thoroughly assessing all aspects of the suicidal patient's situation in determining risks. The patient's stated intentions should be but one factor considered.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Changing motivation in severely suicidal patients. option2: Prenatal weight gains related to the birth of healthy-sized infants to low-income women.
Student:
|
Changing motivation in severely suicidal patients.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Indium-111-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy was performed on a 44-yr-old man to exclude an occult abscess. Four- and twenty-four-hour images of the abdomen revealed splenic photopenia except for a rim of activity medially. A subsequent computed tomography (CT) study demonstrated necrosis or hemorrhage of the spleen except for a medial rim. Exploratory laparotomy demonstrated necrotizing vasculitis with granuloma formation consistent with Wegener's granulomatosis and a rim of viable splenic tissue corresponding to the radionuclide and CT studies.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Indium-111 leukocyte scintigraphy in Wegener's granulomatosis involving the spleen. option2: Radial keratoneuritis as a presenting sign in Acanthamoeba keratitis.
|
Indium-111 leukocyte scintigraphy in Wegener's granulomatosis involving the spleen.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The intravenous injection of ethchlorvynol is an uncommon cause of noncardiac pulmonary edema. Two cases of intravenous ethchlorvynol-induced pulmonary edema are presented. The patients fell asleep after injecting the liquid contents of Placydil capsules (ethchlorvynol) and awoke several hours later with severe dyspnea. Arterial blood gases demonstrated marked hypoxia. Chest radiographs revealed bilateral diffuse alveolar densities. The patients' symptoms and radiographic findings resolved after several days of supportive care. Changes in the lung caused by ethchlorvynol may be the result of direct effect of the drug on the lung.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Pulmonary edema induced by intravenous ethchlorvynol. option2: Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction at necropsy [letter]
Output:
|
Pulmonary edema induced by intravenous ethchlorvynol.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Presented is the ninth reported case of teratocarcinoma arising from the parenchyma of the lung. Treatment should include wide surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. Postoperative radiation therapy should be utilized if there is residual disease or nodal metastasis. Preoperative radiation therapy should be considered if there is evidence of chest wall involvement.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Primary teratocarcinoma of the lung. option2: Quantitative analysis of blood and fat in suction lipectomy aspirates.
A:
|
Primary teratocarcinoma of the lung.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: We have previously identified and described two distinct types of suppressor T cell factors specific for the PFC response to L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) or L-glutamic acid50-L-tyrosine50 (GT). Both of these factors are antigen-specific and I-J+. GAT-TsF1 is not MHC-restricted and is composed of a single polypeptide chain, whereas GAT-TsF2 is MHC-restricted and is composed of two different polypeptide chains. We have not previously found evidence for an obligatory, idiotype-specific suppressor T cell in this suppressor pathway. However, we now report that idiotype-specific suppressor T cells can be elicited by exposing normal spleen cells to GAT-TsF1 or GAT-TsF2 in the absence of antigen in vitro. These factor (TsF1/TsF2)-induced cells have been fused with the AKR thymoma, BW5147, and hybridomas were selected for production of suppressor factors that inhibit GAT-specific antibody responses in vitro. In this report, we characterize one monoclonal factor from each fusion. Neither factor binds GAT or the related co-polymer, GT; both factors have binding sites for GAT-specific idiotypes but not for unrelated idiotypes either in the form of antibody immobilized on Sepharose or as cell surface determinants expressed by B cell hybridomas. Moreover, their reactivities for a panel of monoclonal anti-GAT antibodies are overlapping but not identical. Both factors are composed of two polypeptide chains, and both chains are required for suppressive activity; one chain bears the I-J determinant, whereas the other possesses the idiotype-binding activity of the intact molecule. Both idiotype-binding factors are restricted by MHC- and Igh-linked genes, and transcomplementation is observed in the F1 mice between MHC-congenic and Igh-congenic parents. Both factors are active late in Mishell-Dutton cultures. These data support the contention that these two factors are similar but nonidentical members of an anti-idiotypic class of GAT-specific suppressor factors.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Characterization of two monoclonal idiotype-binding suppressor T cell factors specific for the antibody response to L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT). option2: US biotechnology. Research centre gets fixed home [news]
A:
|
Characterization of two monoclonal idiotype-binding suppressor T cell factors specific for the antibody response to L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT).
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Five patients suffered injuries around the wrist complicated by acute tunnel syndrome. Pain associated with median nerve paraesthesia or hypo-aesthesia are indications for urgent treatment; in four patients where operation was delayed, the outcome was poor.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Acute carpal tunnel syndrome. Complications of delayed decompression. option2: Diagnosis of myocarditis by endomyocardial biopsy.
Output:
|
Acute carpal tunnel syndrome. Complications of delayed decompression.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: This study was performed to determine whether the brain can increase the number of perfused capillaries and arterioles supplying it regionally during hemorrhage. This was done using a technique to simultaneously determine total and perfused regional arteriolar and capillary morphology. Conscious Long-Evans rats served as unbled controls or were bled 65 mmHg or to 40-45 mmHg and stabilized for 30 min. Regional cerebral blood flow was determined using [14C]iodoantipyrine in half of these animals and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran was injected in the other half for determination of perfused cerebral microvascular morphometric indexes. The total microvasculature was labeled postmortem via an alkaline phosphatase stain. Regional cerebral blood flow was significantly increased in animals bled to 65 mmHg. During hemorrhage to 40-45 mmHg, cerebral blood flow was reduced 50% (from 59 +/- 28 to 26 +/- 11 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1, mean +/- SD) with no regional redistribution. For all treatments, total capillary density ranged from 400 to 500 capillaries/mm2, and in controls 47% were perfused. Animals bled to 65 mmHg did not mobilize their unperfused microvascular reserve even though they showed a slight tendency to do so. During hemorrhage to 40-45 mmHg, this percent increased significantly to 57% with the largest increase occurring in the pons. Approximately 51% of arterioles were perfused in controls and this was not different compared with the percent perfused during hemorrhage. Despite the overall lack of mobilization of unperfused arterioles, some regions within the brain significantly mobilized their reserves with severe hemorrhage, e.g., hippocampus (78%), hypothalamus (67%), and medulla (73%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Effect of hemorrhage on regional morphometric indexes of cerebral capillarity. option2: A new method of inducing experimental chronic renal failure by cryosurgery.
Output:
|
Effect of hemorrhage on regional morphometric indexes of cerebral capillarity.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The contractile action of cholecystokinin (CCK) on smooth muscle of the gut is either direct (gallbladder and gastric fundus) or both direct and neurally mediated (small intestine). These regional differences were used to characterize pharmacologically CCK receptors on smooth muscle cells and neurons of the gastric fundus, gallbladder, and ileum of the guinea pig. In circular and longitudinal ileal smooth muscle, tetrodotoxin was used to separate direct from neurally mediated contractile effects. Cholecystokinin receptors on smooth muscle cells were found in all locations. The muscle cells displayed a decreasing order of sensitivity to the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin as expressed in the median doses, and to the selective cholecystokinin antagonist, proglumide, as expressed in the inhibitory dissociation constants. The median doses of the octapeptide of cholecystokinin ranged from 5.5 nM in gallbladder muscle to 185 nM in circular ileal muscle; the corresponding inhibitory dissociation constants of proglumide ranged from 180 to 437 microM [corrected]. Cholecystokinin receptors on cholinergic neurons were confined to circular and longitudinal ileal muscle; the neurons were 80-300 times more sensitive to the octapeptide of cholecystokinin (D50's 0.5 and 2.3 nM) than the corresponding muscle cells, and 19-21 times more sensitive to proglumide (inhibitory dissociation constants, 20 microM [corrected]). The results provide clear evidence of cellular heterogeneity of cholecystokinin receptors (i.e., difference in sensitivity between muscle cells and neurons from the same location) as well as regional heterogeneity (i.e., difference in sensitivity between muscle cells from various locations).
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Regional and cellular heterogeneity of cholecystokinin receptors mediating muscle contraction in the gut [published erratum appears in Gastroenterology 1987 Jun;92(6):2055] option2: Ex vivo renal artery reconstructions: indications and techniques.
|
Regional and cellular heterogeneity of cholecystokinin receptors mediating muscle contraction in the gut [published erratum appears in Gastroenterology 1987 Jun;92(6):2055]
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The influence of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) on human detrusor and on pig detrusor, trigone, bladder neck and urethral smooth muscle was explored in a series of in vitro experiments. Serotonin evoked a dose-dependent and reversible contraction of the detrusor. The reverse response was triggered in trigone, bladder neck and urethral smooth muscle--a dose-dependent and reversible relaxation. The maximum amplitude of this relaxation was 85 +/- 15% of the relaxation produced by electrical nerve stimulation. The effect of serotonin was unaltered by blockade of ganglia, alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, cholinergic receptors and prostaglandin synthesis. The serotonin antagonists ketanserin, methysergide and cyproheptadine partly inhibited the effect of serotonin. The antagonism differed in potency on strips of different origin. The antagonists were ineffective or minimally effective in blocking responses to nerve stimulation. The effect of serotonin was probably mediated by specific serotonin receptors different from the serotonin-S2-receptors predominating in vascular smooth muscle. Serotonin is a potential neurotransmitter in lower urinary tract smooth muscle, but its importance in micturition physiology and pathophysiology is unknown.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Influence of serotonin on lower urinary tract smooth muscle in vitro. option2: Intestinal lymphangiectasia and bilateral pleural effusions: effect of dietary therapy and surgical intervention on immunologic and pulmonary parameters.
|
Influence of serotonin on lower urinary tract smooth muscle in vitro.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The importance of cell-mediated immunity in cat-scratch disease (CSD) is suggested by the positive skin test reactions and granulomatous histopathology noted in patients with this disease. However, an earlier investigation found that lymphocytes from patients with CSD and control subjects were equally unresponsive in vitro to cat-scratch antigen. In contrast, we found that 16 patients with CSD had significantly increased lymphocyte transformation responses to cat-scratch antigen when patients were compared to control subjects. This cell-mediated immune response may be directed against nonviable bacteria in the involved lymph nodes and may be the major mechanism responsible for the granulomatous reaction and clinical features of CSD.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Cell-mediated immunity in cat-scratch disease. option2: Two comments on psychosurgery [letter]
Output:
|
Cell-mediated immunity in cat-scratch disease.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Diencephalic and mesencephalic neural sites regulating the biphasic effect of progesterone (P) were investigated using the hormone implantation technique in ovariectomized female golden hamsters primed with estrogen. Double barreled cannulae were implanted unilaterally and bilaterally in the medial preoptic area, anterior hypothalamus, ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), central gray, or interpeduncular nucleus. Testing was conducted using a sequential paradigm; facilitation tests commenced after 44 h of estrogen priming. P-filled cannulae placed in the VMH region facilitated lordosis behavior in 42% and 60% of unilaterally and bilaterally implanted females, respectively. In the anterior hypothalamus, only P implants adjacent to the VMH area effectively promoted receptivity. Lordosis behavior was also observed in 20-36% of females with P implants in the medial preoptic area. P implants in central gray and interpeduncular nucleus regions had no significant facilitating effect on sexual behavior. Tests for inhibition occurred 24 h after facilitation testing and consisted of a pretest, followed by systemic P administration and a behavioral test 4-5 h later. During the pretest for inhibition, females that were receptive in the facilitation test attacked males more rapidly than previously nonreceptive animals and showed decrements in lordosis scores after systemic P delivery. This biphasic effect of P completely inhibited receptivity among several animals in the VMH group. Additional experiments, however, investigating the biphasic effect of P implants in the VMH suggested that the occurrence of copulation in the facilitation test may have been involved in mediating the subsequent increase in aggressive behavior and the suppression of sexual responsiveness in the inhibition test. Nevertheless, a final experiment showed that when P was implanted sequentially in the VMH, facilitation and, more importantly, a later reduction in lordosis behavioral scores occurred even when copulation was eliminated in the facilitation test. P implants in mesencephalic regions exerted no significant inhibitory effect on receptivity. These findings demonstrate that the biphasic action of P in the female hamster is regulated by nerve cells located in the diencephalon, especially in the VMH region.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Intracranial sites regulating the biphasic action of progesterone in estrogen-primed golden hamsters. option2: Omental transplantation for stroke and TIA's [letter]
Output:
|
Intracranial sites regulating the biphasic action of progesterone in estrogen-primed golden hamsters.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: A 17-year-old girl had a multicentric giant cell tumor originating in the sphenoid and sella turcica that was observed for 23 years. During the first 12 years, the same lesion also appeared in the right proximal tibia and left distal radius. Curettage of the tibial lesion and packing with processed bovine bone were followed by a chronic osteomyelitis with continued intermittent wound drainage. Curettage of the radial lesion and packing it initially with autogenous iliac bone graft and subsequently with methylmethacrylate bone cement were followed by local recurrences. The radial lesion eventually was eradicated by a segmental resection of the distal radius. The resulting bony defect was bridged with a bicortical autogenous iliac graft and stabilized with a bone plate to produce a painless solid wrist fusion. No further tumor recurrence has been noted for the past two years.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Evolution of a case of multicentric giant cell tumor over a 23-year period. option2: Free radicals and prostanoid synthesis [editorial]
A:
|
Evolution of a case of multicentric giant cell tumor over a 23-year period.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The importance of the once-obscure right ventricle is becoming evident. Even in disorders that primarily affect the left ventricle, the once-considered-passive conduit has proved essential for maintenance of normal cardiac output. In coronary artery disease, the function of the right ventricle is affected by both its circulation and the after-load placed on it by dysfunction of the left ventricle. In congestive heart failure, right ventricular function relates to functional capacity, whereas left ventricular function does not, and right ventricular ejection fraction is a useful prognostic guide in these patients. In mitral and aortic valvular disease, the role of the right ventricle is only now becoming evident, and the precise interplay of all factors has yet to be explained. In systemic hypertension, it is likely that the pulmonary circulation is affected by the same humoral factors that elevate systemic pressures.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Effect of the left ventricle on the right ventricle. option2: Dietary habits in patients with dumping syndrome-like symptoms after proximal selective vagotomy.
Output:
|
Effect of the left ventricle on the right ventricle.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The classical concept of the autonomic innervation of the nasal mucosa states that the postganglionic sympathetic neurones lie in the superior cervical ganglion and those of the postganglionic parasympathetic neurones are in the pterygopalatine ganglion. We have carried out a study of the fine structure of the respiratory nasal mucosa in man and in the cat using the techniques described by Jabonero, Champy Maillet and Koelle-Friedenwald. The most striking finding was the presence of microganglia deep within the mucosa of the inferior turbinate close to the glands. These microganglia were cholinergic in nature since they demonstrated a positive reaction to anticholinesterase. From this we deduce that the nasal parasympathetic pathway has its postganglionic neurones not only in the pterygopalatine ganglion but also in these microganglia of the inferior turbinate. Each of four groups of cats were submitted to different techniques, including administration of neostigmine, inferior turbinectomy and Vidian neurectomy. Resection of the microganglia by means of turbinectomy reduced the hypersecretion caused by neostigmine and this was most noticeable when a Vidian neurectomy was carried out in addition.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Autonomic microganglia of the nasal mucosa and their relation to vasomotor rhinitis. option2: Trichophyton mentagrophytes spores differ from mycelia in their ability to induce pustules and activate complement.
A:
|
Autonomic microganglia of the nasal mucosa and their relation to vasomotor rhinitis.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Cannulation of the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube during gamete intrafallopian tube transfer (GIFT) may be at times extremely difficult and even require minilaparotomy. An ideal laparoscopic GIFT catheter should be flexible and stirrable, have a small diameter, and yet be sturdy enough to enable its manipulation. Such a catheter was developed in collaboration with Cook Ob/Gyne, a Division of Cook Inc., Indiana, with primary emphasis on easy laparoscopic manipulation. Its use in eight attempts of GIFT resulted in three pregnancies (37%).
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: A new stirrable catheter for gamete intrafallopian tube transfer (GIFT). option2: Complete volar metacarpophalangeal joint dislocation of a finger.
Output:
|
A new stirrable catheter for gamete intrafallopian tube transfer (GIFT).
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Dual left coronary systems, one originating normally and the other anomalously from the right sinus of Valsalva, is described in a 53-year-old patient with atypical chest pain with exercise-induced ST-depression in the anteroseptal area (V2-4). Clinical consequences of this hitherto undescribed anomaly are discussed.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Dual left coronary systems. option2: A gas mixer for computer calibration of an anesthetic mass spectrometer.
A:
|
Dual left coronary systems.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: The author summarizes a number of blood detoxification procedures with emphasis on hemoperfusion, hemodialysis and chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Blood detoxification and other therapeutical alternatives in nephrology. option2: Aldicarb poisoning [letter]
Output:
|
Blood detoxification and other therapeutical alternatives in nephrology.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The capacity to absorb fructose in 10 healthy adults was investigated by means of hydrogen breath analysis. Fructose absorption was quantified with lactulose standards. Significant hydrogen production (greater than or equal to 20 ppm rise of breath hydrogen) was found after challenge with 10% solutions of 50, 37.5, 25, 20, and 15 g fructose in eight, seven, five, four and one subjects, respectively. One subject showed malabsorption after a 10 g dose and possibly also 5 g fructose. In contrast, no malabsorption could be detected in any of the 10 subjects after ingestion of 100 g, 75 g, or 50 g sucrose or a mixture of 50 g glucose and 50 g fructose. After ingestion of mixtures of 50 g fructose +25 g glucose and 50 g fructose +12.5 g glucose malabsorption was present in three and seven subjects, respectively. Symptoms during all challenges were mild, or absent. It is concluded that in the healthy state the absorption capacity of fructose given alone ranges from less than 5 g to more than 50 g. The absorption capacity of fructose given as sucrose is much higher. Glucose stimulates fructose uptake in a dose dependent fashion. The possible existence of more than one intestinal transport system for fructose is considered. The elucidation of the clinical relevance of the findings is important.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Absorption capacity of fructose in healthy adults. Comparison with sucrose and its constituent monosaccharides. option2: Is there an epidemic of chronic candidiasis in our midst?
|
Absorption capacity of fructose in healthy adults. Comparison with sucrose and its constituent monosaccharides.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: In the critically ill child, administration of fluids and medications via the intraosseous route often proves life-saving. The authors describe the case of a child with status epilepticus in whom phenytoin was administered via the intraosseous route, and seizure resolution and therapeutic serum levels were achieved. Intraosseous drug administration should be reserved for the rare critically ill child in whom vascular access proves impossible.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Intraosseous infusion of phenytoin. option2: New micro method for deoxyuridine suppression test.
A:
|
Intraosseous infusion of phenytoin.
| 4
|
NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: Abnormalities of coagulation and fibrinolysis in 12 head-injured patients were studied in early (within 24 hours of onset) and late (10th to 17th day after onset) stages. alpha 2 Plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2PI), antithrombin III (ATIII), and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and B beta 15-42 (FPB beta) were measured in particular, in addition to the usual tests (platelet count (PLT), prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP)). alpha 2PI was abnormally lower, and FPA and FPB beta were much higher; fibrinogen and ATIII were moderately lower in the early stage than in the late stage in 6 head-injured patients with postoperative intracranial hemorrhage. alpha 2PI, ATIII, and fibrinogen were moderately lower and FPA was moderately higher in the early stage than in the late stage in 6 head-injured patients without postoperative intracranial hemorrhage. PLT and fibrinogen were lower, alpha 2PI was much lower, and FPA was much higher in the 6 patients with postoperative intracranial hemorrhage than in the 6 patients without postoperative intracranial hemorrhage. One patient with acute epidural and subdural hematomas had recurrent postoperative intracerebral hematoma twice. This recurrent hemorrhage was due to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) caused by primary brain damage and was associated with extremely high FPA and FPB beta levels and abnormally low alpha 2PI and PLT. Fresh-frozen plasma and intravenous low-dose heparin were administered after the two recurrent hemorrhages, after which FPA and FPB beta normalized immediately, although other screening tests showed only gradual improvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Relationship between abnormalities of coagulation and fibrinolysis and postoperative intracranial hemorrhage in head injury. option2: Flexible balloon-expanded stent for small vessels. Work in progress.
Solution:
|
Relationship between abnormalities of coagulation and fibrinolysis and postoperative intracranial hemorrhage in head injury.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Seven dog lower left lung lobes were statically inflated and perfused at a constant rate for each lobe with a perfusate in which the hematocrit was altered over a wide range. The permeability-surface area of urea was calculated from multiple indicator dilution curves using two separate injectates for each hematocrit level. One injectate contained only 125I-albumin as the vascular reference tracer and the other contained both 51Cr-erythrocytes and 125I-albumin as the vascular reference tracers; both contained [14C]urea as the permeating tracer. The results strongly indicate that the phenomenon of "erythrocyte trapping" of urea does not affect the calculation of urea permeability-surface area product provided the appropriate albumin-erythrocyte composite reference tracer is utilized in its calculation.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Effect of perfusate hematocrit on urea permeability-surface area in isolated dog lung. option2: Uncertainty and the future of young physicians [editorial]
A:
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Effect of perfusate hematocrit on urea permeability-surface area in isolated dog lung.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: The bowed appearance of the lower extremities is most often caused by internal rotation of the tibia in relationship to the femur. It is most commonly seen as the infant commences ambulation. This so-called physiologic bowing usually spontaneously resolves with growth and the maturity of the lower extremities. In older children, tibia varum may occur, in which there is a local arrest of growth on the posterior medial aspect of the tibia producing a true structural angulation. In certain long-standing metabolic or genetic bone disorders, the effects of weight bearing produce a true bowing of the extremities with changes about the hips, knees, and ankles. The most important aspect in the evaluation of a child with a bowed appearance of the lower extremities is to determine which conditions require aggressive treatment and which ones require simply giving the parents reassurance that the condition will spontaneously regress.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Bowlegs. option2: Measurement of thoracolumbar posture and mobility with a Myrin inclinometer.
Output:
|
Bowlegs.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Between 1971 and 1980, the senior one of us (C.S.R.) performed 101 primary total hip replacements in eighty-five consecutive patients who were less than fifty-five years old. All of the patients had degenerative joint disease. Survivorship analysis was used to calculate a predicted cumulative rate of success for this series of total hip replacements over ten years of follow-up. This method of analysis of the data was chosen because it provides a prediction of the expected durability of a total hip arthroplasty in any individual patient. The need for revision because of loosening or infection or else radiographic evidence of migration of a component was the criterion for failure. Two revisions were performed for aseptic loosening of the acetabular component. One infection necessitated revision, and radiographic evidence of loss of fixation was seen in one additional acetabular component and one femoral stem. Life-table calculations predicted that the survivorship of all of the total hip replacements in this series would be 87.6 per cent at ten years of follow-up. Based on the results of the application of this method of analysis to the current series, we concluded that a primary cemented total hip replacement, when performed for coxarthrosis, can be expected to function durably in an active middle-aged patient.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Survivorship analysis of total hip replacements. Results in a series of active patients who were less than fifty-five years old. option2: Comparison of atriopulmonary versus atrioventricular connections for modified Fontan/Kreutzer repair of tricuspid valve atresia.
A:
|
Survivorship analysis of total hip replacements. Results in a series of active patients who were less than fifty-five years old.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The clinical, therapeutic, and histological features of 54 patients with medulloblastoma were analyzed retrospectively by a multivariate approach with regard to prognosis. The overall 5-year survival rate was 60%, with 48% of patients free of recurrence at 5 years. Cell differentiation, when present, was associated with a significantly longer recurrence-free period. Seventy-two percent of patients with the histological finding of cell differentiation were recurrence-free at 5 years. A marginally significant increase in the 5-year survival rate was also seen in association with differentiation. Only 34% of the patients whose tumor exhibited necrosis were alive at 5 years. There was no statistically significant difference in 5-year survival for children under 3 years of age or for the group of children aged 5 years or under. However, a significantly larger fraction (72%) of the group aged 5 years or under had a recurrence-free period of 5 years or more. Other factors including sex, extent of surgical resection. Chang tumor stage, posterior fossa radiation dose, and adjuvant chemotherapy did not influence prognosis.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: A review of the factors influencing the prognosis of medulloblastoma. The importance of cell differentiation. option2: Cervical ripening and preterm labor [letter]
A:
|
A review of the factors influencing the prognosis of medulloblastoma. The importance of cell differentiation.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: To determine the value of sodium bicarbonate in resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation and the prevention of spontaneous refibrillation, sodium bicarbonate (1 meq/kg) or placebo was administered on a random basis to 16 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs 18 min after the induction of ventricular fibrillation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Defibrillation was attempted 2 min after the administration of bicarbonate or placebo. All animals were successfully defibrillated, but three of eight bicarbonate-treated and two of eight control animals died in electromechanical dissociation (p = NS). Spontaneous refibrillation occurred in three animals in each group (p = NS). Successful resuscitation was not dependent on treatment, arterial or mixed venous Pco2, or arterial or mixed venous pH but correlated strongly with coronary perfusion pressure (p less than .003). Spontaneous refibrillation occurred without relation to any identifiable variable. The gradient between diastolic aortic and right atrial pressures was 24 +/- 2 mm Hg in controls and 23 +/- 2 mm Hg in treated animals over the entire 20 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (p = NS). However, among animals successfully resuscitated, mean diastolic coronary perfusion pressure averaged 27 +/- 2 mm Hg compared with 20 +/- 1 mm Hg among those dying in electromechanical dissociation (p less than .02). For the final 2 min of resuscitation, after drug administration, these gradients were 31 +/- 2 and 23 +/- 2 mm Hg, respectively (p less than .01). Microsphere determined myocardial perfusion correlated with the diastolic aortic-right atrial perfusion pressure gradient (r = .86) and was 0.43 +/- 0.03 ml/min/g in survivors and 0.22 +/- 0.01 ml/min/g in nonsurvivors (p less than .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Failure of sodium bicarbonate to improve resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation in dogs. option2: Differential interaction of the C3b/C4b receptor and MHC class I with the cytoskeleton of human neutrophils.
|
Failure of sodium bicarbonate to improve resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation in dogs.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Eosinophilic gastroenteritis most commonly involves the stomach and proximal small intestine with eosinophilic inflammation of either the mucosa, submucosa or serosa. The patient reported here had isolated eosinophilic colitis. The initial presentation with iron deficiency anaemia owing to occult gastrointestinal blood loss emphasises the need to evaluate the entire gastrointestinal tract in patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Eosinophilic gastroenteritis presenting in an adolescent with isolated colonic involvement. option2: Dependence on nicotine chewing gum [letter]
|
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis presenting in an adolescent with isolated colonic involvement.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The pressure of pericardial constraint was measured in 20 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery (10 in Group I with normal cardiac size; 10 in Group II with cardiomegaly) using a catheter with a collapsible latex end balloon. Right atrial pressure and other hemodynamic variables including right ventricular stroke work index were also measured before and after the pericardium was widely opened. The pericardium was grossly normal in all patients and only small physiologic effusions were present. In Group I mean pericardial pressure was 8 +/- 2 mm Hg as was mean right atrial pressure. In Group II mean pericardial pressure was 6 +/- 2 mm Hg versus mean right atrial pressure of 10 +/- 5 mm Hg (p less than 0.05). Excluding 2 of the 20 patients with outlying data, pericardial pressure showed linear correlation with right atrial pressure (r = 0.689). In Group I right ventricular stroke work index rose from 5.0 +/- 2.0 to 6.4 +/- 2.1 g-m/m2 (p less than 0.01) after pericardiotomy with no significant increase in mean right atrial pressure; similar findings in Group II were consistent with removal of external constraint. Thus, even in the absence of an abnormal effusion the normal pericardium exerts a significant pressure on the heart, which is often similar in magnitude to right atrial pressure. In certain notable exceptions, however, right atrial pressure far exceeds pericardial pressure. Such pericardial constraint has important implications for ventricular diastolic mechanics.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Intraoperative measurement of pericardial constraint: role in ventricular diastolic mechanics. option2: Affirmative action in South African medical schools [letter]
|
Intraoperative measurement of pericardial constraint: role in ventricular diastolic mechanics.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: In a consecutive series of patients with knee complaints, tibial rotation consistently affected the interpretation of the Lachman test (passive anterior tibial translation in slight knee flexion). To perform the Lachman test correctly, the anterior tibial force must be applied posteromedially on the proximal tibia. This is best achieved by having the leg under examination on the same side of the bed as the examiner, and with slight external tibial rotation. Reaching across the bed to examine either leg can create either false positive or false negative Lachman results due to inadvertent tibial rotation (internal tibial rotation decreases translation) and inaccurate comparisons of the injured and normal legs. The importance of tibial rotation must be recognized if the Lachman test is to be used reliably and with maximum sensitivity.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Accurate interpretation of the Lachman test. option2: Type III collagen aminopropeptide levels in serum of patients with progressive systemic scleroderma.
A:
|
Accurate interpretation of the Lachman test.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: In black patients seen at Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, appendicitis occurs most frequently in the 10-19-year-old age group. There is a pronounced male bias. Parasitic ova in the appendix are very seldom observed (3.6%). Fecaliths, present in 20% of diseased appendices, are noted far less frequently than are reported for white patients (50%-75%). There are about two cases of appendicitis per 1,000 admissions of adults annually, a low frequency consistent with the tenfold differential of appendectomies reported to prevail in urban black and white adolescents. The progressively changing diet of urban blacks, currently low in fat and in dietary fiber, has not yet become associated with a marked increase in the occurrence of the disease (nor of most other noninfective bowel diseases).
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Characteristics and occurrence of appendicitis in the black population in Johannesburg, South Africa. option2: Mathematics for natural hierarchy [news]
A:
|
Characteristics and occurrence of appendicitis in the black population in Johannesburg, South Africa.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: A 52K glycoprotein is secreted by human breast cancer cells in culture after estrogen stimulation. Using monoclonal antibodies, we have quantitated and characterized the corresponding proteins of the cell compartment. Using pulse-chase experiments, we have shown that about 40% of the 52K protein is secreted, the majority being successively processed into a 48K and a 34K protein. This last protein is very stable. The processing is inhibited by lysosomotropic agents and leupeptin, suggesting that it occurs in acidic vesicles, such as lysosomes or endosomes. Estradiol increased the intracellular level of immunoreactive 52K related proteins by 4-fold. Its effect is, however, more obvious in the medium, since there is a constitutive level in the cell. The stimulatory effects of estradiol on [3H]mannose and [35S]methionine incorporation into these proteins were similar and the endoglycosydase H sensitivity of the proteins was not altered, suggesting that estradiol did not modulate the glycosylation step. Antiestrogens did not stimulate synthesis and glycosylation of the 52K related proteins. Estradiol also increased the stability of the 52K precursor as well as that of total proteins. We conclude that the secreted 52K protein is the precursor of two cellular proteins of 48K and 34K. Estradiol stimulates both the intracellular accumulation of these proteins and the secretion of the precursor.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Processing and estrogen regulation of the 52-kilodalton protein inside MCF7 breast cancer cells. option2: Nasal endoscopes in hypophysectomy [letter]
Output:
|
Processing and estrogen regulation of the 52-kilodalton protein inside MCF7 breast cancer cells.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: In the present study, the authors examined the long-term effectiveness of a course for residents on how to teach students, patients, and peers. Residents of various specialties attended a mandatory short course on clinical teaching skills in the middle of their first year of postgraduate medical training. Three types of evaluation data were collected at three times during a two-year period: self-ratings by the residents, questionnaires completed by the residents, and ratings completed by students taught by the residents. Complete data for 18 residents indicated that the residents rated their teaching skills significantly higher after the course (at the end of both the first year and the second year) than before it. At the end of the second year, 94 percent of the residents stated that the course was helpful, 67 percent could recall and explain specific principles of teaching, and 61 percent reported using principles from the course in their teaching. Students' ratings of these 18 residents were too scanty to be interpreted validly. The study suggests that residents of varying specialties can profit from an introductory course on teaching skills and that the effects endure for at least one and a half years.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Long-term evaluation of training residents in clinical teaching skills. option2: Limp.
A:
|
Long-term evaluation of training residents in clinical teaching skills.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: The equipment used for the first sampling of arterial blood at depth on free-diving Weddell seals Leptonychotes weddelli is described. Blood was withdrawn through an aortic catheter by a submersible, peristaltic roller pump and stored in a single- or multiple-sample collection device. The multiple sampler allowed up to eight individual blood samples to be collected during a single dive. The blood pump was controlled by a dedicated microcomputer that allowed initiation of blood sampling at flexible combinations of depth and/or time during either the descending or ascending phase of the dive. The dedicated microcomputer also recorded swimming depth, velocity, heart rate, and body temperature at selectable time intervals. These data were transmitted to a laboratory computer, and blood samples were retrieved, when the seal surfaced to breathe.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Microcomputer monitor and blood sampler for free-diving Weddell seals. option2: Discussion, ideas abound in migraine research; consensus remains elusive [news]
A:
|
Microcomputer monitor and blood sampler for free-diving Weddell seals.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: During a 5-year period, 15 cases of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma, corresponding to 14% of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, were diagnosed in a population of 200,000. Most patients had a short duration of symptoms--less than 3 months--and a clinical picture dominated by abdominal pain. All patients were laparotomized and six patients presented with an acute abdomen and were subjected to emergency operations. In seven cases, gastrointestinal malignancy was not suspected preoperatively. The patients were treated with a combination of surgery, cytostatic therapy, and/or radiotherapy. Cases with localized disease had a favorable prognosis, seven of nine patients being alive 31 to 70 months after diagnosis. A statistically significant difference in median survival was also noted between patients with lymphomas of low-grade and high-grade malignancy (70+ vs. 10.5 months).
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma incidence, clinical presentation, and surgical approach. option2: Mechanisms of shoulder injuries.
|
Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma incidence, clinical presentation, and surgical approach.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: It has been postulated that increased energy expenditure results in shortened survival. To test this "rate-of-living theory" we examined the effect of raising energy expenditure by means of cold exposure on the longevity of rats. Male 6-mo-old SPF Long-Evans rats were gradually accustomed to immersion in cool water (23 degrees C). After 3 mo they were standing in the cool water for 4 h/day, 5 days/wk. They were maintained on this program until age 32 mo. The cold exposure resulted in a 44% increase in food intake (P less than 0.001). Despite their greater food intake, the cold-exposed rats' body weights were significantly lower than those of control animals from age 11 to 32 mo. The average age at death of the cold-exposed rats was 968 +/- 141 days compared with 923 +/- 159 days for the controls. The cold exposure appeared to protect against neoplasia, particularly sarcomas; only 24% of the necropsied cold-exposed rats had malignancies compared with 57% for the controls. The results of this study provide no support for the concept that increased energy expenditure decreases longevity.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Longevity of cold-exposed rats: a reevaluation of the "rate-of-living theory". option2: Factors determining renal response to water immersion in non-excretor cirrhotic patients.
|
Longevity of cold-exposed rats: a reevaluation of the "rate-of-living theory".
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The continued influx of immigrants from Mexico, Central America, and Southeast Asia to the United States has resulted in an increased incidence of several diseases not generally seen in industrialized nations in the twentieth century. One of these is amebic abscess of the liver. This review of the diagnostic features of 57 patients with amebic abscess of the liver treated in one Los Angeles County hospital emphasizes the diagnosis and the versatility of the various roentgenologic approaches and serologic tests.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Amebic abscess of the liver. Diagnostic features. option2: Hysteresis in the perception of motion direction as evidence for neural cooperativity.
A:
|
Amebic abscess of the liver. Diagnostic features.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: Systematic multidimensional assessment techniques such as the Functional Assessment Inventory (FAI) are increasingly used with the elderly for outcome measurement, prediction of service needs, and accurate description for comparative purposes. The FAI is a structured interview followed by a rating process which compares patient status against standard descriptive phrases. Patients are assessed in five areas: mental health, physical health, social resources, economic resources, and activities of daily living (ADL). The validity of the FAI was tested by comparing ratings of patient health obtained by a single investigator using only the instrument with ratings obtained by consensus from an interdisciplinary home care team providing long-term care for the patients studied. An excellent level of agreement (weighted kappas from .583 to .780) was found in all areas studied. A single significant difference in ADL rating with a high correlation coefficient (r = .85) was interpreted as due to a difference between the single rater and the team in the definition of ADL. The ease of obtaining summary ratings from clinical personnel suggests that further exploration of this rapid quantification of patient health is warranted.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Validation of the Functional Assessment Inventory against a multidisciplinary home care team. option2: Implications of fragile X expression in normal males for the nature of the mutation.
Solution:
|
Validation of the Functional Assessment Inventory against a multidisciplinary home care team.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: The authors have investigated the application of mode-locked and Q-switched Neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) lasers in ocular surgery by means of high-speed photography and hydrophone measurements. The incisive effect relies on the optical breakdown at the laser focus. Cavitation bubbles and acoustic transients are thereby generated. Their size and pressure amplitude have been measured at various laser-pulse energies. With a pulse energy of 5 mJ, the bubble is 1.5 to 2.3 mm in diameter and the pressure of the acoustic transient is 9 to 16 bar (130 to 230 psi) at a distance of 18 mm from the focal point. Bubble size and amplitude of the pressure pulse are always approximately 50% higher with a Q-switched laser than with a mode-locked laser. However, the size of the ruptures produced in a polyethylene membrane by the laser pulses is the same for both modes of operation. The energy balance shows that not only mechanical effects, but also thermal mechanisms are responsible for photodisruption.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Cavitation bubble dynamics and acoustic transient generation in ocular surgery with pulsed neodymium: YAG lasers. option2: The management of patients with back pain and idiopathic vertebral sclerosis.
Student:
|
Cavitation bubble dynamics and acoustic transient generation in ocular surgery with pulsed neodymium: YAG lasers.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: Between January 1979 and June 1985, 10 patients with acute allergic interstitial nephritis were seen in a clinical nephrology service at a large regional hospital. The onset of renal failure was temporally related to the use of a drug: a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) (in four patients), cimetidine (in three), antibiotics (in two) or allopurinol (in one). The onset of renal failure was acute in three patients and insidious in seven. Two patients also exhibited marked proteinuria. Clinical features such as fever, rash, hematuria, pyuria with or without eosinophiluria, and mild to marked proteinuria had led to suspicion of the disease. The diagnosis was confirmed by renal biopsy findings of inflammatory cells, predominantly lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils. Three patients required hemodialysis; two of them received steroids as well. Steroid therapy was also used in two patients with NSAID-induced proteinuria. Renal function improved in nine patients by 35 days, but one patient continued to have slow but progressive deterioration of renal function. Acute interstitial nephritis can be distinguished from other forms of acute renal failure by heavy renal uptake of gallium 67, maximal 48 hours or more after injection. The improvement in renal function after discontinuation of the implicated drug, the characteristic histopathological findings of allergic interstitial nephritis, and the presence of eosinophils and sometimes IgE in the blood suggest a hypersensitivity reaction.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis: report of 10 cases. option2: The American Dietetic Association's nutrition recommendations for women.
Solution:
|
Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis: report of 10 cases.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: More than 90% of patients with so-called primary or idiopathic osteoarthritis of the hips in whom sufficient data were available to make an assessment of the normality of the hip joint at the cessation of growth clearly showed demonstrable abnormalities in the hip joint. The most common are mild acetabular dysplasia and/or pistol grip deformity. This latter deformity is associated with mild slipped capital femoral epiphysis (recognized or unrecognized at the time), Legg-Perthes' disease (recognized or unrecognized at the time), multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, and/or the presence of an intraacetabular labrum, as well as, in certain instances, acetabular dysplasia. When these abnormalities are taken in conjunction with the detection of other metabolic abnormalities that can lead to osteoarthritis of the hip and which may not be recognized readily, such as hemochromatosis, ochronosis, calcium pyrophosphate disease, and monarticular rheumatoid arthritis, it seems clear that either osteoarthritis of the hip does not exist at all as a primary disease entity or, if it does, is extraordinarily rare.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Etiology of osteoarthritis of the hip. option2: Corynebacterium haemolyticum as a cause of nonstreptococcal pharyngitis [letter]
Output:
|
Etiology of osteoarthritis of the hip.
| 1
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Previous serial measurements of lymphocyte subpopulations in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) have demonstrated periodic reductions in the number of OKT8 positive (T8+) cells. In this longitudinal study, involving twice monthly samples from each participant and carried out in two phases lasting at least six and three months respectively, we have confirmed that fluctuations in T8+ cells occur in patients with MS and also found a significant reduction in this lymphocyte subpopulation in patients' spouses but not their siblings, compared with unrelated controls. The changes observed in spouses were related in time to those occurring in patients on 10/13 occasions from 5/9 families; no temporal relationship occurred in the remainder. Taking two or more low T8+ values as significant, 12/13 patients, 7/9 spouses, 6/13 siblings and 4/13 controls (chi 2 = 12.5; P less than 0.01) were abnormal at some stage. Our results provide indirect evidence for the role of environmental factors in determining certain immunological abnormalities present in patients with MS and illustrate the role of family studies in determining the specificity of these changes to the disease.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Suppressor T cells in family members of patients with multiple sclerosis. option2: Occupational allergic lung disease caused by organic agents.
A:
|
Suppressor T cells in family members of patients with multiple sclerosis.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: We describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 52 patients with rheumatoid vasculitis whose condition was diagnosed at a tertiary care center between 1974 and 1981, and we report their survival and the factors that were associated with decreased survival. The patients with rheumatoid vasculitis had decreased survival in comparison with an age-, sex-, and region-matched general population. Their survival was also decreased in comparison to that of an incidence cohort of community patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In the latter cohort, decreased survival was confined to those patients with classic but not definite rheumatoid arthritis. After partial correction for referral bias, we found no difference in survival between the cohort with rheumatoid vasculitis and the cohort with classic rheumatoid arthritis. We found that the age at diagnosis of rheumatoid vasculitis, the therapeutic decisions before and at diagnosis, and the referral distance were the best predictors of survival. Abnormal urinary sediment and hypergammaglobulinemia also predicted poor survival, but because of a lack of specificity in a small number of clinically abnormal values, we urge a cautious interpretation of their importance.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Rheumatoid vasculitis: survival and associated risk factors. option2: Magnetic resonance angiography.
Output:
|
Rheumatoid vasculitis: survival and associated risk factors.
| 3
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The metabolic effects of four oral contraceptives with different estrogen/progestogen profiles (monophasic nonalkylated estrogen/norethindrone, low-dose monophasic ethinyl estradiol (EE2)/norethindrone, progestogen only treatment with norethindrone, and triphasic EE2/levonorgestrel) were examined in insulin-dependent diabetic women. During the 6-month study period, no differences were found in fasting plasma glucose, 24-hour insulin requirements, glycated hemoglobin, free fatty acids, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio between the patients in each treatment group. Compared with the nonalkylated estrogen/norethindrone and the triphasic EE2/levonorgestrel formulations, the low-dose EE2/norethindrone combination resulted in small but significant increases in plasma triglyceride and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P less than 0.01), which seemed unfavorable from a clinical point of view. Norethindrone-only treatment appeared to be an appropriate alternative to both the nonalkylated estrogen/norethindrone combination and the triphasic EE2/levonorgestrel formulations.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Oral contraceptives in diabetic women: metabolic effects of four compounds with different estrogen/progestogen profiles. option2: Deceptive vulvar papillomavirus infection. A possible explanation for certain cases of vulvodynia.
Output:
|
Oral contraceptives in diabetic women: metabolic effects of four compounds with different estrogen/progestogen profiles.
| 1
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Although 111In-labeled leukocytes have been shown to be a useful technique for detecting infection, it has been postulated that antibiotic therapy may reduce the sensitivity of the leukocyte scan. Many patients with suspected bacterial infections are placed on antibiotics before a definite site of infection has been identified. Three hundred twelve leukocyte scans on 271 patients were retrospectively reviewed and classified as positive or negative, and as to whether or not they were being treated with antibiotics at the time the leukocyte scan was performed. The overall sensitivity, considering all 312 studies, was 90%. One hundred sixty-nine patient studies were on patients receiving antibiotics; 143 studies were on patients not on antibiotics. The sensitivity of the leukocyte scan was 88.7% in patients on antibiotic therapy; it was 92.1% in those who were not receiving antibiotics. The differences in sensitivity between the two groups were not significantly different (p less than 0.05). We conclude that antibiotic therapy does not affect the sensitivity of the 111In-labeled leukocyte scan.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Effect of antibiotic therapy on the sensitivity of indium-111-labeled leukocyte scans. option2: The effect of neodymium: YAG laser capsulotomy on aqueous humor dynamics in the monkey eye.
A:
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Effect of antibiotic therapy on the sensitivity of indium-111-labeled leukocyte scans.
| 7
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Repetitive chest pain of obscure origin is commonly encountered in older children and adolescents. A questionnaire study was conducted to determine the long-term outcome in 31 patients diagnosed as having idiopathic recurrent chest pain after an average 4.1-year follow-up period. Although 45 percent reported having had persistent symptoms, chest pain had disappeared in 81 percent of those followed more than 3 years. Equally reassuring is the fact that in no case did occult disease subsequently appear to account for the initial symptoms. This study supports the current clinical approach of limited diagnostic evaluation and reassurance in the management of these patients.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The natural history of idiopathic chest pain in children. A follow-up study. option2: Cumulative effects of quinidine and aspirin on bleeding time and platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptors: potential mechanism of bleeding diathesis in patients receiving this combination.
A:
|
The natural history of idiopathic chest pain in children. A follow-up study.
| 4
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Although increased efficacy has been described with a five-day schedule of high-dose cisplatin (CDDP) in hypertonic saline, severe myelosuppression and cumulative neurotoxicity have limited the usefulness of this therapy. In order to evaluate a possible dose-response relationship in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 17 patients with metastatic disease were treated with a modified dose schedule delivering the same total dose (200 mg/m2) in a divided day 1 and 8 schedule. During a pilot study, a total of 47 cycles of therapy were administered, with a median of three cycles per patient and a median total cumulative dose of 600 mg/m2. Nine of 17 patients received at least 600 mg/m2. While nephrotoxicity was similar to previous reports of the five-day schedule, the incidence and severity of myelosuppression and peripheral neuropathy were markedly reduced. Using this modified schedule, severe myelosuppression did not occur. Clinically severe peripheral neuropathy developed in only one patient (6%). The overall response rate was 47% (eight of 17 patients). Plasma platinum pharmacokinetics during five cycles of the modified day 1 and 8 schedule were compared with pharmacokinetics of the five-day schedule. Accumulation of plasma ultrafiltrate platinum occurred in the five-day schedule, but not in the day 1 and 8 schedule. This difference in pharmacokinetics is one possible explanation for the reduced toxicity of this modified schedule. Although the degree of activity seen in this pilot study is encouraging, the efficacy of high-dose CDDP in NSCLC remains to be defined. In view of reduced myelosuppression and neurotoxicity, further trials with this modified schedule are indicated.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: High-dose cisplatin in hypertonic saline: reduced toxicity of a modified dose schedule and correlation with plasma pharmacokinetics. A Northern California Oncology Group Pilot Study in non-small-cell lung cancer. option2: Radiation therapy versus pelvic node resection for carcinoma of the vulva with positive groin nodes.
|
High-dose cisplatin in hypertonic saline: reduced toxicity of a modified dose schedule and correlation with plasma pharmacokinetics. A Northern California Oncology Group Pilot Study in non-small-cell lung cancer.
| 0
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NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Considerable effort has been expended in recent years by a number of laboratories to improve methods of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This article briefly summarizes 5 years of investigation by our group on hemodynamic support during external cardiac massage. In most studies, long-term canine preparations were used, and implanted transducers allowed precise hemodynamic measurements. Although cardiac output was depressed with all CPR methods, manual chest compressions of high velocity, moderate force, and brief duration at a rate of 120/min seemed to optimize systemic and coronary blood flow. This method was termed high-impulse CPR. High-impulse techniques now have been applied extensively in the clinical setting, and preliminary observations also support their efficacy in man. Based on this experience, it is suggested that the American Heart Association guidelines be changed to recommend a manual chest compression rate of 120/min during closed-chest cardiac massage.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The influence of manual chest compression rate on hemodynamic support during cardiac arrest: high-impulse cardiopulmonary resuscitation. option2: Bombesin in human and guinea pig alveolar macrophages.
A:
|
The influence of manual chest compression rate on hemodynamic support during cardiac arrest: high-impulse cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Suspension of living hepatocytes were microencapsulated inside 300 micron mean diameter alginate artificial cells. The galactosamine fulminant hepatic failure rat model was used. 48 hours after the injection of galactosamine, grade II coma hepatic failure rats were divided into pairs. One of the pair was randomly chosen for the control group, and the other for the treated group. Each rat in the control group received one peritoneal injection of microcapsules containing no hepatocytes. Each rat in the treated group received one peritoneal injection of microcapsules containing hepatocytes. The survival of the treated group is significantly higher than the control group.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Bioartificial liver: implanted artificial cells microencapsulated living hepatocytes increases survival of liver failure rats. option2: Risk of AIDS to health care workers [editorial]
A:
|
Bioartificial liver: implanted artificial cells microencapsulated living hepatocytes increases survival of liver failure rats.
| 4
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: As measured by fluorescence microscopy and radioligand binding, C3b/C4b receptors (CR1) became attached to the detergent-insoluble cytoskeleton of human neutrophils when receptors were cross-linked by affinity-purified polyclonal F(ab')2 anti-CR1, dimeric C3b, or Fab monoclonal anti-CR1 followed by F(ab')2 goat anti-mouse F(ab')2. CR1 on neutrophils bearing monovalent anti-CR1 was not attached to the cytoskeleton. In contrast, cross-linked CR1 on erythrocytes and cross-linked MHC Class I on neutrophils were not cytoskeleton associated. A possible role for filamentous actin (F-actin) in the binding of cross-linked CR1 to neutrophil cytoskeleton was suggested by three observations. When neutrophils were differentially extracted with either Low Salt-detergent buffer or High Salt-detergent buffer, stained with FITC-phalloidin, and examined by fluorescent flow cytometry, the residual cytoskeletons generated with the former buffer were shown to contain polymerized F-actin, whereas cytoskeletons generated with the latter buffer were found to be depleted of F-actin. In parallel experiments, High Salt-detergent buffer was also found to release cross-linked CR1 from neutrophils. Second, depolymerization of F-actin by DNAse I released half of the cytoskeletal-associated cross-linked CR1. Third, immunoadsorbed neutrophil CR1, but not MHC Class I or erythrocyte CR1, specifically bound soluble 125I-actin. In addition, Fc receptor and CR3, other phagocytic membrane proteins of neutrophils, specifically bound 125I-actin. These data demonstrate that CR1 cross-linked on neutrophils becomes associated with detergent-insoluble cytoskeleton and that this interaction is mediated either directly or indirectly by actin.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Differential interaction of the C3b/C4b receptor and MHC class I with the cytoskeleton of human neutrophils. option2: The kingdoms of organisms [letter]
Solution:
|
Differential interaction of the C3b/C4b receptor and MHC class I with the cytoskeleton of human neutrophils.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: We describe the effect of administration of repeated doses of sodium ipodate in a newborn infant with hyperthyroidism due to transient Graves' disease. Pretreatment (day 3) serum T4 and T3 concentrations were 49 micrograms/dl and 590 ng/dl, respectively. With 24 h after the first dose of ipodate, serum T3 fell by 40%, and it subsequently ranged from 209-278 ng/dl throughout the 39-day ipodate treatment period. Serum T4 also decreased after ipodate administration to 69% and 41% of the pretreatment value after 72 h and 7 days of treatment, respectively; values thereafter during treatment ranged from 19-22 micrograms/dl. These plateau values are in the upper range of normal for the neonatal period. Rapid clinical improvement occurred as the hyperiodothyroninemia abated. Serum rT3 concentrations increased from 468-672 ng/dl to greater than 1400 ng/dl 24 h after each ipodate dose. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin was present in maternal and cord sera, and the half-life of serum thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin in the infant was approximately 12 days. Antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies were present in the infant at 10 days of age, and the titers decreased progressively thereafter; the half-life for the antimicrosomal antibody titer was 3 weeks. The data suggest that sodium ipodate can be useful for treatment of neonatal hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Treatment of neonatal hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease with sodium ipodate. option2: The exercise test in periodic paralysis.
A:
|
Treatment of neonatal hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease with sodium ipodate.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Absorption of dietary phosphorus plays a critical role in the development of metabolic bone diseases in patients with chronic renal failure. However, phosphorus absorption is difficult to quantitate in dialysis patients because the dialysis treatments complicate metabolic balance studies. Utilizing a recently developed technique which permits measurement of net absorption of dietary constituents after a single meal, we measured phosphorus absorption in dialysis patients. The following observations were made: A.) Following a meal containing approximately 300 mg phosphorus, mean phosphorus absorption in five hemodialysis patients (with severe vitamin D deficiency) was only slightly less than in matched controls (186 +/- 35 vs. 242 +/- 30). B.) After dialysis patients were treated with 1,25(OH)2-D3, phosphorus absorption increased from 186 +/- 35 to 272 +/- 16 mg (P less than 0.025). C.) The effect of three aluminum containing antacids on phosphorus absorption was studied; each slightly reduced the absorption of phosphorus compared to placebo (P less than 0.01), but there was no significant difference between them. D.) Aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate each reduced dietary phosphorus absorption to approximately the same extent. Calcium carbonate ingestion was associated with sharply increased calcium absorption. The absorption of dietary phosphorus is influenced only modestly by 1,25(OH)2-D3 and is inhibited to an equal but only modest degree by various aluminum antacids and by calcium carbonate.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The absorption of dietary phosphorus and calcium in hemodialysis patients. option2: Neurologic injuries from winter sporting accidents. How they happen and how to minimize them.
Output:
|
The absorption of dietary phosphorus and calcium in hemodialysis patients.
| 3
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: We report the first antemortem diagnosis of a lesion showing Balo's concentric sclerosis. A patient with a progressive left hemiparesis had a ring-enhancing, low-density right frontal white matter lesion. On myelin stains of a needle biopsy, alternating demyelinated and myelinated zones in the white matter were diagnostic of concentric sclerosis. The patient improved with prednisone therapy, but relapsed temporarily 15 months later. CT and MRI showed additional lesions, but no features unique to this process. He remains alive and employed 3 years after diagnosis.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Balo's concentric demyelination diagnosed premortem. option2: Iatrogenic hand injuries in outpatients.
A:
|
Balo's concentric demyelination diagnosed premortem.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: A newborn with paraplegia and evidence of a subarachnoid hemorrhage was found to have a spinal arteriovenous malformation. The arteriovenous malformation was managed by direct surgical obliteration. This patient is the youngest ever reported to have this disorder and the youngest so treated.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Spinal arteriovenous malformation presenting at birth: case report. option2: Barrett esophagus: decreased esophageal clearance shown by radionuclide esophageal scintigraphy.
Student:
|
Spinal arteriovenous malformation presenting at birth: case report.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Review of the literature reveals much disparity regarding the incidence, natural history, and survival rate in patients harboring esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuroblastoma). The metastatic tendencies of this tumor have been highly variable in the literature, and reported intracranial involvement has been via local extension from the tumor's origin near the cribriform plate. Our present case describes a metastasis of esthesioneuroblastoma to the right parietal cortex and meninges in a patient without evidence of local recurrence after combined surgical and radiation therapy 5 years previously. The broad spectrum of biological behavior of this tumor, and its response to various therapies are discussed. The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of this unusual tumor are also presented. Recommendations are made for the management of these patients, including regular serial neurological examinations, serial computed axial tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of the head and neck, and, in the initial management, chemotherapy.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Late intracranial metastasis from esthesioneuroblastoma: case report and review of the literature. option2: Liver metastasis detection: comparative sensitivities of MR imaging and CT scanning.
Output:
|
Late intracranial metastasis from esthesioneuroblastoma: case report and review of the literature.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: This paper reviews the recent medical and legal literature in the field of spouse abuse. Domestic violence is a national phenomenon that directly affects victims of spouse abuse and indirectly conditions the children of the victims to accept violent behavior as normative. This paper characterizes the cycle of violence battered women encounter, describes their injury patterns, explores the dynamics of the abusive relationship, and discusses the factors that compel women to remain in such violent relationships. The second section describes many of the recent legislation designed to prevent spouse abuse. Next, this paper addresses the case law utilizing the "battered woman syndrome" as a defense for spousal homicide. The third section of the paper explores the often neglected topic of the battered husband.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Domestic violence: a medicolegal review. option2: Metrizamide [letter]
Solution:
|
Domestic violence: a medicolegal review.
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Eighteen patients underwent computed tomography (CT) prior to total laryngectomy. In order to assess the accuracy of CT scanning in the evaluation of carcinoma of the larynx, CT scans were prospectively interpreted and the extent of the tumour was recorded. The tumour extent was evaluated on whole-mount histologic sections of the laryngeal specimens, prepared in the horizontal plane, similar to the CT scan. The results were compared to assess the ability of CT to identify tumour infiltration in the horizontal plane accurately. Based on these findings it is clear that CT has its influence on the T-staging and on the choice of treatment of laryngeal cancer, i.e. radiotherapy versus surgery.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Computed tomography: a mandatory investigational procedure for the T-staging of advanced laryngeal cancer. option2: HLA-linked nonresponsiveness to Cryptomeria japonica pollen antigen. I. Nonresponsiveness is mediated by antigen-specific suppressor T cell.
|
Computed tomography: a mandatory investigational procedure for the T-staging of advanced laryngeal cancer.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Teacher:Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Abstract: To evaluate the role of beta-adrenergic receptors in the control of human sweating, we studied six subjects during 40 min of cycle-ergometer exercise (60% maximal O2 consumption) at 22 degrees C 2 h after oral administration of placebo or nonselective beta-blockade (BB, 80 mg propranolol). Internal temperature (esophageal temperature, Tes), mean skin temperature (Tsk), local chest temperature (Tch), and local chest sweat rate (msw) were continuously recorded. The control of sweating was best described by the slope of the linear relationship between msw and Tes and the threshold Tes for the onset of sweating. The slope of the msw-Tes relationship decreased 27% (P less than 0.01), from 1.80 to 1.30 mg X cm-2 X min-1 X degree C-1 during BB. The Tes threshold for sweating (36.8 degrees C) was not altered as the result of BB. These data suggest that BB modified the control of sweating via some peripheral interaction. Since Tsk was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced during BB exercise, from a control value of 32.8 to 32.2 degrees C, we evaluated the influence of the reduction in local skin temperature (Tsk) in the altered control of sweating. Reductions in Tch accounted for only 45% of the decrease in the slope of the msw-Tes relationship during BB. Since evaporative heat loss requirement during exercise with BB, as estimated from the energy balance equation, was also reduced 18%, compared with control exercise, we concluded that during BB the reduction in sweating at any Tes is the consequence of both a decrease in local Tsk and a direct effect on sweat gland.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Influence of beta-adrenergic blockade on the control of sweating in humans. option2: Permeability and secondary membrane formation of a high flux polysulfone hemofilter.
Student:
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Influence of beta-adrenergic blockade on the control of sweating in humans.
| 6
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Definition: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Input: Abstract: Cisapride is a prokinetic agent believed to facilitate acetylcholine release from the myenteric plexus of the gut. The effect of cisapride on gastric emptying of solids was studied in 9 diabetic patients, all of whom had delayed gastric emptying of indigestible solids (gastroparesis). Six patients had chronic nausea and vomiting, and 3 had no symptoms. Cisapride (5 mg) was given intravenously 15 min before ingestion of a 400-kcal test meal and 10 indigestible solid radiopaque markers. On separate days and in random order each patient also received intravenous metoclopramide (10 mg) or placebo 15 min before ingestion of the meal and markers. Mean gastric emptying of radiopaque markers, assessed by serial radiographs of the gastric region, was accelerated by metoclopramide and cisapride, but the difference reached significance only with cisapride (p less than 0.05). There was considerable intersubject variability in gastric emptying responses to cisapride and metoclopramide. No side effects occurred with either drug. This study indicates that acute, intravenous administration of cisapride accelerates gastric emptying of indigestible solids in patients with diabetic gastroparesis.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Effect of cisapride on gastric emptying of indigestible solids in patients with gastroparesis diabeticorum. A comparison with metoclopramide and placebo. option2: Don't throw out the baby with the bath water. A perspective on carotid endarterectomy.
Output:
|
Effect of cisapride on gastric emptying of indigestible solids in patients with gastroparesis diabeticorum. A comparison with metoclopramide and placebo.
| 2
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The shoulder complex, together with other joint and muscle mechanisms of the upper limb, primarily is concerned with the ability to place and control the position of the hand in the visual work space in front of the body. The shoulder mechanism provides the upper limb with a range of motion exceeding that of any other joint mechanism. The placement of the hand is determined by four components of the shoulder complex: the glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, and sternoclavicular joints and the scapulothoracic gliding mechanism. The clavicular joints permit the scapula to move against the chest wall during movements of the arm, allowing the glenoid fossa to follow the head of the humerus, and thus contribute significantly to total arm movement. The functional interrelationships between the glenohumeral, scapulothoracic, and clavicular joint mechanisms are critical in providing a full, functional ROM. Any pathological condition of any one of these mechanisms will disturb upper limb function. The ligamentous and periarticular structures of the shoulder complex combine in maintaining the joint relationships, withstanding the forces applied to the joint surfaces, and stabilizing the dependent limb.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Functional anatomy of the shoulder complex. option2: The incidence of thyroid carcinoma in solitary cold nodules and in multinodular goiters.
|
Functional anatomy of the shoulder complex.
| 5
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: After smoking "crack," the free-base form of cocaine, a 27-year-old man suffered an infarction of most of the territory of the right middle cerebral artery. Concomitant drug use seemed to have been limited to ethanol and ibuprofen. Search for other possible causes was negative. Angiography revealed narrowing of the supraclinoid portion of the right internal carotid artery (ICA) and cutoff of at least two distal branches. There was no beading or irregularity to suggest vasculitis. Crack may have induced vasospasm in the ICA through recognized sympathomimetic actions of cocaine.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Cerebral infarction in a user of free-base cocaine ("crack"). option2: Splenorrhaphy in patients with abdominal trauma.
Solution:
|
Cerebral infarction in a user of free-base cocaine ("crack").
| 8
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Two cases of osteochondritis dissecans of the talar dome treated by closed percutaneous drilling are presented to illustrate a procedure for high-risk patients. The operation is performed with the aid of an image intensifier. The ostoechondral fragment is percutaneously drilled to avoid open operation and osteotomizing the medial malleolus.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Closed percutaneous drilling for osteochondritis dissecans of the talus. A report of two cases. option2: Tonsillitis and rash associated with Corynebacterium haemolyticum.
A:
|
Closed percutaneous drilling for osteochondritis dissecans of the talus. A report of two cases.
| 9
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Monocular lid suture during the sensitive period early in the life of a kitten disrupts normal development of inputs from the two eyes to the visual cortex, causing a decrease in the fraction of cortical cells responding to the deprived eye. Such an ocular dominance shift has been assumed to depend on patterned visual experience, because no change in cortical physiology is produced by inequalities between the two eyes in retinal illumination or temporally modulated diffuse light stimulation. A higher-level process, involving gating signals from areas outside striate cortex, has been proposed to ensure that sustained changes in synaptic efficacy occur only in response to behaviourally significant visual inputs. To test whether such a process is necessary for ocular dominance plasticity, we treated 4-week-old kittens with visual deprivation and monocular tetrodotoxin (TTX) injections to create an imbalance in the electrical activities of the two retinas in the absence of patterned vision. After 1 week of treatment we determined the ocular dominance distribution of single units in primary visual cortex. In all kittens studied, a significant ocular dominance shift was found. In addition to this physiological change, there was an anatomical change in the lateral geniculate nucleus, where cells were larger in laminae receiving input from the more active eye. Our results indicate that patterned vision is not necessary for visual cortical plasticity, and that an imbalance in spontaneous retinal activity alone can produce a significant ocular dominance shift.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Ocular dominance shift in kitten visual cortex caused by imbalance in retinal electrical activity. option2: Chest wall after mastectomy. Part I. CT appearance of normal postoperative anatomy, postirradiation changes, and optimal scanning techniques.
|
Ocular dominance shift in kitten visual cortex caused by imbalance in retinal electrical activity.
| 0
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
|
Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Scintigraphy with radiolabeled metaiodobenzylguanidine was performed in a patient with MEN Type IIa having a pheochromocytoma of the right adrenal gland, adrenomedullary hyperplasia of the left adrenal gland and a primary medullary thyroid carcinoma. The scintigraphic findings demonstrate visualization of all the above mentioned pathologies.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Imaging of medullary thyroid carcinoma and hyperfunctioning adrenal medulla using iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine. option2: Progressive hyperopia in radial keratotomy. Long-term follow-up of diamond-knife and metal-blade series.
A:
|
Imaging of medullary thyroid carcinoma and hyperfunctioning adrenal medulla using iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine.
| 7
|
NIv2
|
task624_ohsumed_question_answering
|
zs_opt
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You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: This study has shown that a multidisciplinary group approach to counselling parents of burned children will decrease parental anxiety, and that medical, psychological and social problems will feature primarily in group discussions.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: A multidisciplinary group approach to counselling the parents of burned children. option2: Proceedings of First International Symposium on Prevention of Allergic Diseases. June 24-27, 1984, Florence, Italy.
Output:
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A multidisciplinary group approach to counselling the parents of burned children.
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: To investigate the mechanism of ventricular arrhythmias induced by epinephrine in dogs with hypokalemia, 30 adult mongrel dogs were separated into a control group (n = 13) and a hypokalemia group (n = 17). In the hypokalemia group, sodium polystyrene sulfonate (5 g/kg body weight) was infused into the colon. In both groups, the serum concentrations of sodium, potassium and calcium were measured every 15 minutes for 60 minutes. The mean (+/- standard deviation) serum potassium level of the hypokalemia group decreased significantly from 3.81 +/- 0.21 to 2.92 +/- 0.36 mEq/liter; there were no significant changes in other electrolytes. After 60 minutes, epinephrine (10 micrograms/kg) was injected intravenously in the hypokalemia and control groups, and the arrhythmia ratio (the number of ventricular ectopic beats divided by the total heart rate) was calculated for 5 minutes. Each group was further classified into subgroups of dogs with an arrhythmia ratio higher or lower than 10%. An arrhythmia ratio over 10% was observed in 7.7% of the control group and 53% of the hypokalemia group. Immediately after 5 minutes of epinephrine injection, myocardial mitochondria and plasma membrane fraction were prepared from each group. Mitochondrial calcium content and phospholipase activity of plasma membrane fraction were determined. Significant increases in both mitochondrial calcium content and phospholipase activity were observed in the dogs with hypokalemia and an arrhythmia ratio greater than 10%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Mechanism of cardiac arrhythmias induced by epinephrine in dogs with hypokalemia. option2: Auricular fibrillation: an unusual experience [letter]
A:
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Mechanism of cardiac arrhythmias induced by epinephrine in dogs with hypokalemia.
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The crossing over in five murine I-region recombinants (Is/Ik) was studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis after Southern blot hybridization by using I-region-specific probes. These recombinants included three recently developed strains, B10.ASR1, B10.ASR11, and B10.ASR12; and two strains B10.S(9R) and B10.HTT derived earlier. Although these recombinants were reciprocal in haplotype orientation to the three recombinants we reported recently, these too crossed over within the same 7 kb stretch of DNA in the E beta gene. This 7 kb stretch of DNA included the 3' half of the first intron, the beta 1 exon, the second intron, and the beta 2 exon. A comparison of the cDNA sequences of the two parental E beta alleles revealed that although the beta 2 exons were identical, there were several nucleotide differences between the two beta 1 exons. This allowed us to determine the parental origin of the beta 1 exon in the recombinants at the level of transcription by using S1 nuclease mapping. Thus we were able to show that in each case the 3' portion of the first intron and the beta 1 exon were upstream from the site of crossover. All eight recombinants involving the k and s haplotypes now can be mapped within a 4.5 kb stretch of DNA, which includes only the beta 1-beta 2 intron and the beta 2 exon of the E beta gene. These findings imply that the I-E molecules expressed in these recombinants will probably have conserved sequences and therefore will exhibit identical I-E-restricted immune responses, despite the fact that crossing over could have occurred at different sites within the beta 1-beta 2 intron.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Molecular mapping of murine I region recombinants. II. Crossing over in the E beta gene is restricted to a 4.5 kb stretch of DNA that excludes the beta 1 exon. option2: How many reactor accidents? [letter]
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Molecular mapping of murine I region recombinants. II. Crossing over in the E beta gene is restricted to a 4.5 kb stretch of DNA that excludes the beta 1 exon.
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Disseminated herpes simplex virus infection in a pregnant woman was successfully treated with acyclovir. Similar reported cases have suggested that acyclovir may be suitable for the treatment of disseminated or severe primary herpes in pregnant women.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Treatment of disseminated herpes simplex virus in pregnancy with parenteral acyclovir. A case report. option2: The measurement of clinical pain intensity: a comparison of six methods.
A:
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Treatment of disseminated herpes simplex virus in pregnancy with parenteral acyclovir. A case report.
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Upper airway obstruction is usually diagnosed by visual examination of maximum expiratory and inspiratory flow-volume curves and by calculating a ratio of expiratory to inspiratory flow at 50 percent of vital capacity (mid-vital capacity flow ratio); however, reference values of this ratio have not been well established, and considerable variability exists. The purpose of this study was to examine the range of mid-vital capacity flow ratios in a group of healthy subjects and to determine if some of the variability is accounted for by different maximum inspiratory pressures. We measured maximum expiratory and inspiratory flows at 50 percent of vital capacity from the flow-volume curves, and maximum inspiratory pressures in a group of 60 healthy nonsmokers (30 men and 30 women) whose ages ranged from 21 to 40 years. We found that mid-vital capacity flow ratio (mean +/- SD) was 0.72 +/- 0.19 in men and 0.77 +/- 0.18 in women. The coefficient of variation of the mid-vital capacity flow ratio was 28 percent for men and 23 percent for women. The 95 percent confidence limits for the mid-vital capacity flow ratio were 0.65 to 0.79 for men and 0.70 to 0.84 for women. Maximum inspiratory pressures (mean +/- SD) were 129 +/- 30 cm H2O in men and 91 +/- 16 cm H2O in women, not significantly different from previous studies. Normalizing maximum inspiratory flow for maximum inspiratory pressure did not reduce the coefficient of variation, which became 29 percent in men and 30 percent in women. We conclude that the range of mid-vital capacity flow ratios is wide, and it cannot be reduced by standardizing it for maximum inspiratory pressures.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Maximum flow ratios at mid-vital capacity in young healthy adults. option2: Subacute combined degeneration of the cord due to folate deficiency: response to methyl folate treatment.
A:
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Maximum flow ratios at mid-vital capacity in young healthy adults.
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: A very rare case of eosinophilic granulocytosis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF eosinophilia) due to drug allergy caused by the intraventricular administration of gentamicin sulfate is presented with a review of the pertinent literature. An unusual clinical course and clinicoimmunological examination are also described.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Eosinophilia of the cerebrospinal fluid in a case of shunt infection: case report. option2: Lipid domains in fluid membranes: a quick-freeze differential scanning calorimetry study [published erratum appears in Science 1987 Oct 23;238(4826):550]
Output:
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Eosinophilia of the cerebrospinal fluid in a case of shunt infection: case report.
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Problem:Abstract: There is increasing evidence in many species that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) may be a neurotransmitter in nonadrenergic inhibitory nerves. We have studied the effect of electrical field stimulation (EFS), exogenous VIP, and isoproterenol (Iso) on human airways in vitro. We have also studied a related peptide, peptide histidine methionine (PHM), which coexists with VIP in human airway nerves, and in separate experiments studied fragments of the VIP amino acid sequence (VIP1-10 and VIP16-28) for agonist and antagonist activity. Human airways were obtained at thoracotomy and studied in an organ bath. In bronchi EFS gave an inhibitory response that was unaltered by 10(-6) M propranolol but was blocked by tetrodotoxin, whereas in bronchioles there was little or no nonadrenergic inhibitory response. VIP, PHM, and Iso all caused dose-dependent relaxation of bronchi, VIP and PHM being approximately 50-fold more potent than Iso. VIP, but not Iso, mimicked the time course of nonadrenergic inhibitory nerve stimulation. In contrast bronchioles relaxed to Iso but not to VIP or PHM. Neither propranolol nor indomethacin altered the relaxant effects of VIP or PHM, suggesting a direct effect of these peptides on airway smooth muscle. Neither of the VIP fragments showed either agonist or antagonist activity. We conclude that VIP and PHM are more potent bronchodilators of human bronchi than Iso and that the association between the relaxant effects of these peptides and nonadrenergic inhibitory responses suggests that they may be possible neurotransmitters of nonadrenergic inhibitory nerves in human airways.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: VIP and PHM and their role in nonadrenergic inhibitory responses in isolated human airways. option2: Urticaria from contact with pentachlorophenate [letter]
Solution:
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VIP and PHM and their role in nonadrenergic inhibitory responses in isolated human airways.
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Multivariate analysis on an unselected patient population consisting of all 253 children treated for neuroblastoma in Denmark during 1943 to 1980 shows that stage, age, and treatment given are independent prognostic variables. Calendar year of diagnosis, sex of the patient, and site of primary tumor were not significant prognostic factors. Further analysis shows that multimodal treatment with surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy, especially in patients older than 1 year of age with Stage II disease, has influenced the survival significantly. The fact that age at diagnosis and the administration of chemotherapy have independent prognostic significance can be explained by the theory that all neuroblastomas are virtually congenital; therefore, the difference in age at diagnosis largely reflects the difference in growth rates of the tumor. Thus, according to this theory, age may be a measure of the probability of micrometastases in addition to the clinical extent or stage of the disease, as it represents the duration of the disease. Additional chemotherapy may thus have eradicated these micrometastases in the older children, since the age influence on Stage II disease disappeared when multimodal treatment was given in this study. The implications for treatment policy are discussed in view of this theory.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Prognostic factors in neuroblastomas treated in Denmark from 1943 to 1980. A statistical estimate of prognosis based on 253 cases. option2: Teaching geriatric medicine in the ambulatory setting.
A:
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Prognostic factors in neuroblastomas treated in Denmark from 1943 to 1980. A statistical estimate of prognosis based on 253 cases.
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: Studies in patients on dialysis have shown that aluminum (Al) accumulation in bone plays a major role in the pathogenesis of osteomalacia. It has been suggested that deferoxamine (DFO) may be beneficial in the treatment of aluminum-induced osteomalacia. The present studies were performed in four groups of uremic rats to determine if DFO and/or discontinuation of Al administration have an effect on bone histomorphometry and blood chemistries. The groups were: 1) uremic control 2) aluminum (0.75 to 1.0 mg/rat i.p., five times a week for twelve weeks): 3) aluminum + DFO, after twelve weeks Al was discontinued and the rats received DFO (75 mg/rat two times a week for nine weeks); 4) aluminum + time, after twelve weeks Al was discontinued and the rats were sacrificed after nine weeks. High levels of Al in serum and bone and low levels of PTH were seen in rats receiving Al. Bone histology revealed Al at the mineralization front, abnormal tetracycline uptake, and an increase in osteoid. DFO treatment did not significantly change the level of Al in bone, however both DFO treatment and discontinuation of Al reversed towards normal the above described lesions. In conclusion, these studies suggest that DFO and/or discontinuation of Al administration to rats with approximately 30% of renal function greatly improve aluminum-induced osteomalacia.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The effects of discontinuation of aluminum exposure on aluminum-induced osteomalacia. option2: Cough variant asthma [published erratum appears in Pediatr Emerg Care 1987 Mar;3(1):9]
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The effects of discontinuation of aluminum exposure on aluminum-induced osteomalacia.
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The role of protein synthesis in iodide-induced suppression of subsequent iodide transport (iodide autoregulation) was studied in cat thyroid slices. Thyroid slices were pretreated for 60-120 min in the presence or absence of either excess (30 microM) sodium iodide, inhibitors of protein synthesis, or both. Tissue was then washed in the presence of 2 mM methimazole to prevent subsequent iodination reaction and remove excess iodide. Iodide transport activity was finally evaluated by measurement of the ratio of tissue to medium iodide concentrations in 90-min incubations. Addition of 0.1 mM cycloheximide during the preexposure of thyroid tissue to excess iodide had no effect on either control levels of iodide transport or iodide-induced autoregulation. However, if thyroid tissue was treated with cycloheximide alone for 1 h before preexposure to excess iodide, there was a significant reduction in the degree of iodide-induced induced autoregulation. Similar results were obtained with pretreatment of the tissue with 0.5 mM puromycin and 1 microgram/ml emetine. These findings suggest that protein synthesis is involved in the mechanism of thyroid autoregulation of iodide transport. Cycloheximide had no effect on the ability of excess iodide to reduce TSH-stimulated cAMP formation. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-isoelectric focusing and Sephadex G-25 column chromatography employing dual-isotope comparison of iodoprotein labeling of control and cycloheximide-treated tissue suggest that the ability of cycloheximide to suppress iodide-induced autoregulation is associated with the reduced iodination of an 8- to 10-kilodalton soluble component of the thyroid gland.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Autoregulation of thyroid iodide transport: evidence for the mediation of protein synthesis in iodide-induced suppression of iodide transport. option2: Dose intensity and response [letter]
A:
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Autoregulation of thyroid iodide transport: evidence for the mediation of protein synthesis in iodide-induced suppression of iodide transport.
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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Q: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The present studies examined the mechanism of bicarbonate transport across basolateral membrane vesicles prepared from rabbit renal cortex. Isotopic sodium uptake was stimulated by bicarbonate when compared with gluconate (2.5 nmol/mg protein per 5 s versus 1.4 nmol/mg protein per 5 s), and this process was inhibited by disulfonic stilbenes. Imposition of an interior-positive potassium diffusion potential further stimulated isotopic sodium uptake to 3.4 nmol/mg protein per 5 s, an effect that occurred only in the presence of bicarbonate and was blocked by disulfonic stilbenes. Kinetic analysis of the rate of bicarbonate-dependent sodium uptake as a function of sodium concentration revealed saturable stimulation with a Vmax of 2.7 nmol/mg protein per 2 s and a Km of 10.4 mM. The effect of bicarbonate concentration on bicarbonate-dependent sodium uptake was more complex. The present results demonstrate an electrogenic (negatively charged) sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter in basolateral membrane vesicles from the rabbit renal cortex. The electrogenicity implies a stoichiometry of at least two bicarbonate ions for each sodium ion.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Electrogenic sodium/bicarbonate cotransport in rabbit renal cortical basolateral membrane vesicles. option2: Firearm-related deaths [letter]
A:
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Electrogenic sodium/bicarbonate cotransport in rabbit renal cortical basolateral membrane vesicles.
| 7
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Q: Abstract: Clinical features, findings of diagnostic studies, results of therapy, and prognostic factors were analyzed in 45 patients with brain abscesses. The number of patients diagnosed yearly has increased since CT scanning became available, but despite the enhanced sensitivity, the time from either onset of symptoms or hospital admission until initiation of therapy was not decreased and there was no dramatic effect upon morbidity or mortality in this series. Infections of paranasal sinuses, ears, lungs, and odontogenic foci were predisposing factors in approximately 70% of cases. Single abscesses, present in 75% of patients, were distributed equally in both hemispheres, with more than half in the frontal and parietal lobes. Common signs and symptoms included headache, fever, chills, seizures, nausea, vomiting, altered sensorium, nuchal rigidity, and localizing neurologic signs. Blood cultures were positive in 11%. Lumbar puncture rarely provided data from which a diagnosis could be established; CSF cultures were positive in only 7% of patients, and there was a 15% temporally associated incidence of brain herniation and death. Diagnostic information was most readily obtained using imaging techniques such as CT and 99mTc scanning, and arteriography was invasive and of no added value. CT scans are however, often initially negative in patients presenting with clinical signs of meningitis presumably following rupture of an abscess into the subarachnoid space, and the average time for changes to appear on CT scan is 9 days. It is, therefore, recommended that when the clinical assessment suggests the possibility of brain abscess the patient be treated empirically with antibiotics and that lumbar puncture be performed only after thoughtful assessment of the risk-to-benefit ratio for each patient. Causative organisms were isolated from more than 80% of abscesses despite prior antibiotic treatment; more than half grew a single pathogen, most commonly streptococci. Anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria accounted for 62% of all isolates, and were the only organisms in 33% of patients. Computerized tomographic scans in 30 patients showed "ring-enhancing" lesions, nodular enhancement, or areas of low attenuation. Complete resolution of abscesses on CT scans rarely occurred during hospitalization and took as long as 5 months. Decrease in the size of abscesses on CT scan correlated well with clinical improvement and was seen within a week when abscesses were excised, but was often not obvious for 6 to 8 weeks if antibiotics were used alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Brain abscess. A study of 45 consecutive cases. option2: Multiple sclerosis: gadolinium enhancement in MR imaging.
A:
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Brain abscess. A study of 45 consecutive cases.
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
Abstract: The Baumgartner perfusion apparatus has been used for quantitative comparison of the interaction of platelets with subendothelium in the presence of microvesicles derived from SKNMC (human neuroblastoma) cells, which aggregate platelets by an adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-dependent mechanism, and U87MG (human glioblastoma) cells, which function by a thrombin-dependent mechanism. The derived microvesicles from each line were as effective as the intact cells in inducing thrombogenesis on both undigested and alpha-chymotrypsin-digested subendothelium. Thrombus size on digested vessels was greater than on undigested vessels by fivefold for SKNMC cells and microvesicles and by 20-fold for U87MG cells and sevenfold for U87MG microvesicles. The results show that microvesicles from both cell lines initiate interactions between platelets and subendothelium identical to those caused by intact tumor cells. The results also demonstrate that intact tumor cells in the circulation may not be necessary for the thromboembolic complications of malignancy.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Morphometric evaluation of thrombogenesis by microvesicles from human tumor cell lines with thrombin-dependent (U87MG) and adenosine diphosphate-dependent (SKNMC) platelet-activating mechanisms. option2: Subdural hematoma secondary to immune thrombocytopenic purpura: case report.
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Morphometric evaluation of thrombogenesis by microvesicles from human tumor cell lines with thrombin-dependent (U87MG) and adenosine diphosphate-dependent (SKNMC) platelet-activating mechanisms.
| 0
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NIv2
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task624_ohsumed_question_answering
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zs_opt
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